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30,200 | A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used as research tools in molecular biology. The term culture... | Liquid culture | 0.805065 |
30,201 | It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium. For example, a throat culture is taken by scraping the lining of tissue in the back of the throat and blotting the sample into a medium to ... | Liquid culture | 0.805065 |
30,202 | This usage is also common in academic AI research and textbooks.In contrast to Searle and mainstream AI, some futurists such as Ray Kurzweil use the term "strong AI" to mean "human level artificial general intelligence". This is not the same as Searle's strong AI, unless you assume that consciousness is necessary for h... | AGI (computer science) | 0.805062 |
30,203 | In 1980, philosopher John Searle coined the term "strong AI" as part of his Chinese room argument. He wanted to distinguish between two different hypotheses about artificial intelligence: Strong AI hypothesis: An artificial intelligence system can have "a mind" and "consciousness". Weak AI hypothesis: An artificial int... | AGI (computer science) | 0.805062 |
30,204 | At other times, systems were expected to build their own g via machine learning, as in artificial neural networks.A further challenge is the lack of clarity in defining what intelligence entails. Does it require consciousness? | AGI (computer science) | 0.805062 |
30,205 | Progress in artificial intelligence has gone through periods of rapid progress separated by periods when progress appeared to stop. Ending each hiatus fundamental advances in hardware, software or both to create space for further progress. For example, the computer hardware available in the twentieth century was not su... | AGI (computer science) | 0.805062 |
30,206 | This article concerns the rotation operator, as it appears in quantum mechanics. | Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.805062 |
30,207 | The rotation operator R ( z , θ ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {R} (z,\theta )} , with the first argument z {\displaystyle z} indicating the rotation axis and the second θ {\displaystyle \theta } the rotation angle, can operate through the translation operator T ( a ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {T} (a)} for infin... | Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.805062 |
30,208 | Classically we have for the angular momentum L = r × p . {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} =\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {p} .} This is the same in quantum mechanics considering r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } and p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } as operators. | Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.805062 |
30,209 | Operators can be represented by matrices. From linear algebra one knows that a certain matrix A {\displaystyle A} can be represented in another basis through the transformation where P {\displaystyle P} is the basis transformation matrix. If the vectors b {\displaystyle b} respectively c {\displaystyle c} are the z-axi... | Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.805062 |
30,210 | While the Quillen algebraic K-theory has provided deep insight into various aspects of algebraic geometry and topology, the K-groups have proved particularly difficult to compute except in a few isolated but interesting cases. (See also: K-groups of a field.) | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,211 | 88, Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, pp. 247–435, doi:10.1007/978-0-8176-4576-2_10, ISBN 978-0-8176-3487-2, MR 1106918 Waldhausen, F., Algebraic K-theory of topological spaces. I, in Algebraic and geometric topology (Proc. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,212 | ICM Nice 1970, vol. 2, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1971, 47–52. Quillen, Daniel, Higher algebraic K-theory I, Algebraic K-theory I, Lecture Notes in Math., vol. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,213 | Bibcode:1970InMat...9..318M. doi:10.1007/bf01425486. Milnor, J., Introduction to Algebraic K-theory, Princeton Univ. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,214 | 15: 5–93. Milnor, J (1970). "Algebraic K-theory and Quadratic Forms". | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,215 | The tensor product on the tensor algebra induces a product K m × K n → K m + n {\displaystyle K_{m}\times K_{n}\rightarrow K_{m+n}} making K ∗ M ( F ) {\displaystyle K_{*}^{M}(F)} a graded ring which is graded-commutative.The images of elements a 1 ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ a n {\displaystyle a_{1}\otimes \cdots \otimes a_{n}} in K n M ( ... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,216 | The above expression for K2 of a field k led Milnor to the following definition of "higher" K-groups by K ∗ M ( k ) := T ∗ ( k × ) / ( a ⊗ ( 1 − a ) ) , {\displaystyle K_{*}^{M}(k):=T^{*}(k^{\times })/(a\otimes (1-a)),} thus as graded parts of a quotient of the tensor algebra of the multiplicative group k× by the two-s... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,217 | Higher Algebraic K-Theory: an overview Rosenberg, Jonathan (1994), Algebraic K-theory and its applications, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 147, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4314-4, ISBN 978-0-387-94248-3, MR 1282290, Zbl 0801.19001. Errata Weibel, Charles (2013), The K-book: an introdu... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,218 | Soc., Providence, R.I., 1978. Waldhausen, F., Algebraic K-theory of spaces, in Algebraic and geometric topology (New Brunswick, N.J., 1983), Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1126 (1985), 318–419. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,219 | Thomason, Robert W.; Trobaugh, Thomas (1990), "Higher algebraic K-theory of schemes and of derived categories", The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. III, Progr. Math., vol. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,220 | Sup. 18, 4e serie (1985), 437–552; erratum 22 (1989), 675–677. Thomason, R. W., Le principe de sciendage et l'inexistence d'une K-theorie de Milnor globale, Topology 31, no. 3, 1992, 571–588. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,221 | XVII, 1970, pp. 88–123. Thomason, R. W., Algebraic K-theory and étale cohomology, Ann. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,222 | (French) Swan, Richard, Nonabelian homological algebra and K-theory, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., vol. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,223 | "Categories and cohomology theories". Topology. 13 (3): 293–312. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,224 | 341, Springer Verlag, 1973, 85–147. Quillen, Daniel, Higher algebraic K-theory, Proc. Intern. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,225 | Mazur, Barry (1963). "Differential topology from the point of view of simple homotopy theory" (PDF). Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,226 | Grothendieck, Alexander, Classes de fasiceaux et theoreme de Riemann–Roch, mimeographed notes, Princeton 1957. Hatcher, Allen; Wagoner, John (1973), "Pseudo-isotopies of compact manifolds", Astérisque, 6, MR 0353337 Karoubi, Max (1968). "Foncteurs derives et K-theorie. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,227 | J. Algebra. 17 (2): 212–237. doi:10.1016/0021-8693(71)90030-5. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,228 | Dennis, R. K., Higher algebraic K-theory and Hochschild homology, unpublished preprint (1976). Gersten, S (1971). "On the functor K2". | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,229 | 266–292. Cerf, Jean (1970). "La stratification naturelle des espaces de fonctions differentiables reelles et le theoreme de la pseudo-isotopie". | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,230 | 657, Springer–Verlag, pp. 40–84 Brown, K., Gersten, S., Algebraic K-theory as generalized sheaf cohomology, Algebraic K-theory I, Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 341, Springer-Verlag, 1973, pp. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,231 | 86: 97–136. doi:10.24033/bsmf.1500. Browder, William (1978), Algebraic K-theory with coefficients Z/p, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,232 | Borel, Armand; Serre, Jean-Pierre (1958). "Le theoreme de Riemann–Roch". Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,233 | Bokstedt, M., Hsiang, W. C., Madsen, I., The cyclotomic trace and algebraic K-theory of spaces. Invent. Math., 111(3) (1993), 465–539. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,234 | Benjamin. Bloch, Spencer (1974). "K2 of algebraic cycles". | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,235 | doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1962-10826-x. Bass, Hyman (1968). Algebraic K-theory. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,236 | However, many of its basic theorems carried the hypothesis that the ring or variety in question was regular. One of the basic expected relations was a long exact sequence (called the "localization sequence") relating the K-theory of a variety X and an open subset U. Quillen was unable to prove the existence of the loca... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,237 | This technique allowed him to prove many of the basic theorems of algebraic K-theory. Additionally, it was possible to prove that the earlier definitions of Swan and Gersten were equivalent to Quillen's under certain conditions. K-theory now appeared to be a homology theory for rings and a cohomology theory for varieti... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,238 | Quillen additionally proved his "+ = Q theorem" that his two definitions of K-theory agreed with each other. This yielded the correct K0 and led to simpler proofs, but still did not yield any negative K-groups. | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,239 | Conceptually, the problem was that the definition sprung from GL, which was classically the source of K1. Because GL knows only about gluing vector bundles, not about the vector bundles themselves, it was impossible for it to describe K0. Inspired by conversations with Quillen, Segal soon introduced another approach to... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,240 | As part of Quillen's work on the Adams conjecture in topology, he had constructed maps from the classifying spaces BGL(Fq) to the homotopy fiber of ψq − 1, where ψq is the qth Adams operation acting on the classifying space BU. This map is acyclic, and after modifying BGL(Fq) slightly to produce a new space BGL(Fq)+, t... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,241 | Their K-groups are now called KVn and are related to homotopy-invariant modifications of K-theory. Inspired in part by Matsumoto's theorem, Milnor made a definition of the higher K-groups of a field. He referred to his definition as "purely ad hoc", and it neither appeared to generalize to all rings nor did it appear t... | Algebraic K-group | 0.80506 |
30,242 | The hierarchy theorems are used to demonstrate that the time and space complexity classes form a hierarchy where classes with tighter bounds contain fewer languages than those with more relaxed bounds. Here we define and prove the space hierarchy theorem. The space hierarchy theorems rely on the concept of space-constr... | Space hierarchy theorem | 0.805059 |
30,243 | In computational complexity theory, the space hierarchy theorems are separation results that show that both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems in (asymptotically) more space, subject to certain conditions. For example, a deterministic Turing machine can solve more decision problems in s... | Space hierarchy theorem | 0.805059 |
30,244 | SPACE(f(n)) does not depend on whether the worktape is infinite or semi-infinite. We can also have a fixed number of worktapes if f(n) is either a SPACE constructible tuple giving the per-tape space usage, or a SPACE(f(n)-ω(log(f(n)))-constructible number giving the total space usage (not counting the overhead for stor... | Space hierarchy theorem | 0.805059 |
30,245 | SPACE(n) ≠ PTIME.To see it, assume the contrary, thus any problem decided in space O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} is decided in time O ( n c ) {\displaystyle O(n^{c})} , and any problem L {\displaystyle L} decided in space O ( n b ) {\displaystyle O(n^{b})} is decided in time O ( ( n b ) c ) = O ( n b c ) {\displaystyle ... | Space hierarchy theorem | 0.805059 |
30,246 | Either half of a double cone on one side of the apex is called a nappe. The axis of a cone is the straight line (if any), passing through the apex, about which the base (and the whole cone) has a circular symmetry. In common usage in elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be right circular, where circular means that... | Conic solid | 0.805056 |
30,247 | Multiple junctions can be combined in the same complex, such as in the widely used double-crossover (DX) structural motif, which contains two parallel double helical domains with individual strands crossing between the domains at two crossover points. Each crossover point is, topologically, a four-arm junction, but is ... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,248 | DNA nanotechnology is sometimes divided into two overlapping subfields: structural DNA nanotechnology and dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as SDN, focuses on synthesizing and characterizing nucleic acid complexes and materials that assemble into a static, equilibrium end ... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,249 | DNA complexes have been made that change their conformation upon some stimulus, making them one form of nanorobotics. These structures are initially formed in the same way as the static structures made in structural DNA nanotechnology, but are designed so that dynamic reconfiguration is possible after the initial assem... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,250 | DNA origami was the cover story of Nature on March 15, 2006. Rothemund's research demonstrating two-dimensional DNA origami structures was followed by the demonstration of solid three-dimensional DNA origami by Douglas et al. in 2009, while the labs of Jørgen Kjems and Yan demonstrated hollow three-dimensional structur... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,251 | Seeman developed the more rigid double-crossover (DX) structural motif, and in 1998, in collaboration with Erik Winfree, published the creation of two-dimensional lattices of DX tiles. These tile-based structures had the advantage that they provided the ability to implement DNA computing, which was demonstrated by Winf... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,252 | The first theoretical paper proposing this scheme was published in 1982, and the first experimental demonstration of an immobile DNA junction was published the following year.In 1991, Seeman's laboratory published a report on the synthesis of a cube made of DNA, the first synthetic three-dimensional nucleic acid nanost... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,253 | The conceptual foundation for DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian Seeman in the early 1980s. Seeman's original motivation was to create a three-dimensional DNA lattice for orienting other large molecules, which would simplify their crystallographic study by eliminating the difficult process of obtaining pu... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,254 | Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as SDN, focuses on synthesizing and characterizing nucleic acid complexes and materials where the assembly has a static, equilibrium endpoint. The nucleic acid double helix has a robust, defined three-dimensional geometry that makes it possible to simulate, predict a... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,255 | In DNA, the four bases present are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Nucleic acids have the property that two molecules will only bind to each other to form a double helix if the two sequences are complementary, meaning that they form matching sequences of base pairs, with A only binding to T, an... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,256 | These qualities make the assembly of nucleic acid structures easy to control through nucleic acid design. This property is absent in other materials used in nanotechnology, including proteins, for which protein design is very difficult, and nanoparticles, which lack the capability for specific assembly on their own.The... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,257 | Nanotechnology is often defined as the study of materials and devices with features on a scale below 100 nanometers. DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures ... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.805056 |
30,258 | The running time of this algorithm when run on a polyline consisting of n – 1 segments and n vertices is given by the recurrence T(n) = T(i + 1) + T(n − i) + O(n) where i = 1, 2,..., n − 2 is the value of index in the pseudocode. In the worst case, i = 1 or i = n − 2 at each recursive invocation and this algorithm has ... | Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm | 0.805055 |
30,259 | The algorithm is used for the processing of vector graphics and cartographic generalization. It does not always preserve the property of non-self-intersection for curves which has led to the development of variant algorithms.The algorithm is widely used in robotics to perform simplification and denoising of range data ... | Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm | 0.805055 |
30,260 | There are four levels of multimedia fugacity Models applied for prediction of fate and transport of organic chemicals in the multicompartmental environment: Depending on the number of phases and complexity of processes different level models are applied. Many of the models apply to steady-state conditions and can be re... | Multimedia fugacity model | 0.805054 |
30,261 | Multimedia fugacity model is a model in environmental chemistry that summarizes the processes controlling chemical behavior in environmental media by developing and applying of mathematical statements or "models" of chemical fate.Most chemicals have the potential to migrate from the medium to medium. Multimedia fugacit... | Multimedia fugacity model | 0.805054 |
30,262 | Many substances, such as proteins, have significant light absorption bands in the ultraviolet that are of interest in biochemistry and related fields. UV-capable spectrophotometers are common in such laboratories. Ultraviolet traps called bug zappers are used to eliminate various small flying insects. They are attracte... | Ultra-violet light | 0.805053 |
30,263 | This suggested that it was evolutionarily more difficult to increase the UV-sensitivity of the eyes of the males than to increase the UV-signals emitted by the females.Many insects use the ultraviolet wavelength emissions from celestial objects as references for flight navigation. A local ultraviolet emitter will norma... | Ultra-violet light | 0.805053 |
30,264 | In molecular biology, fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous proteins are made up of elongated or fibrous polypeptide chains which form filamentous and sheet-like structures. These kind of protein can be disti... | Fibrous protein | 0.805052 |
30,265 | By contrast, standard regression will fail in these cases (unless it is regularized). Partial least squares was introduced by the Swedish statistician Herman O. A. Wold, who then developed it with his son, Svante Wold. An alternative term for PLS is projection to latent structures, but the term partial least squares is... | Partial least squares | 0.805051 |
30,266 | Standard Enthalpy of solution is defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system when one mole of a solute is dissolved completely in an excess of solvent, so that the solution is at infinite dilution. Standard enthalpy of Denaturation (biochemistry) is defined as the enthalpy change ... | Molar enthalpy | 0.805051 |
30,267 | When transfer of matter into or out of the system is also prevented and no electrical or mechanical (sirring shaft or lift pumping) work is done, at constant pressure the enthalpy change equals the energy exchanged with the environment by heat. In chemistry, the standard enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change when... | Molar enthalpy | 0.805051 |
30,268 | The familiar Schrödinger equation in terms of the position r is an example of quantum mechanics in the position representation.By choosing the eigenfunctions of a different operator as a set of basis functions, one can arrive at a number of different representations of the same state. If one picks the eigenfunctions of... | Position and momentum spaces | 0.805049 |
30,269 | In quantum mechanics, a particle is described by a quantum state. This quantum state can be represented as a superposition (i.e. a linear combination as a weighted sum) of basis states. In principle one is free to choose the set of basis states, as long as they span the space. If one chooses the eigenfunctions of the p... | Position and momentum spaces | 0.805049 |
30,270 | The set of all wave vectors is k-space. Usually r is more intuitive and simpler than k, though the converse can also be true, such as in solid-state physics. Quantum mechanics provides two fundamental examples of the duality between position and momentum, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle ΔxΔp ≥ ħ/2 stating that pos... | Position and momentum spaces | 0.805049 |
30,271 | These quantities and ideas transcend all of classical and quantum physics, and a physical system can be described using either the positions of the constituent particles, or their momenta, both formulations equivalently provide the same information about the system in consideration. Another quantity is useful to define... | Position and momentum spaces | 0.805049 |
30,272 | In physics and geometry, there are two closely related vector spaces, usually three-dimensional but in general of any finite dimension. Position space (also real space or coordinate space) is the set of all position vectors r in Euclidean space, and has dimensions of length; a position vector defines a point in space. ... | Position and momentum spaces | 0.805049 |
30,273 | As in other Lisps, the term "thunk" is used in Scheme to refer to a procedure with no arguments. The term "proper tail recursion" refers to the property of all Scheme implementations, that they perform tail-call optimization so as to support an indefinite number of active tail calls. The form of the titles of the stand... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,274 | The former introductory computer science course at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, CSCI 1901, also used Scheme as its primary language, followed by a course that introduced students to the Java language; however, following the example of MIT, the department replaced 1901 with the Python-based CSCI 1133, whil... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,275 | A self-paced version of the course, CS 61AS, continues to use Scheme. The introductory computer science courses at Yale and Grinnell College are also taught in Scheme. Programming Design Paradigms, a mandatory course for the Computer science Graduate Students at Northeastern University, also extensively uses Scheme. | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,276 | Likewise, the introductory class at UC Berkeley, CS 61A, was until 2011 taught entirely in Scheme, save minor diversions into Logo to demonstrate dynamic scope. Today, like MIT, Berkeley has replaced the syllabus with a more modern version that is primarily taught in Python 3, but the current syllabus is still based on... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,277 | Scheme is widely used by several of schools; in particular, several introductory computer science courses use Scheme in conjunction with the textbook Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (SICP). For the past 12 years, PLT has run the ProgramByDesign (formerly TeachScheme!) project, which has exposed close ... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,278 | Thus using let as defined above a Scheme implementation would rewrite "(let ((a 1)(b 2)) (+ b a))" as "((lambda (a b) (+ b a)) 1 2)", which reduces implementation's task to that of coding procedure instantiations. In 1998, Sussman and Steele remarked that the minimalism of Scheme was not a conscious design goal, but ra... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,279 | Scheme is a very simple language, much easier to implement than many other languages of comparable expressive power. This ease is attributable to the use of lambda calculus to derive much of the syntax of the language from more primitive forms. For instance of the 23 s-expression-based syntactic constructs defined in t... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,280 | Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (MIT AI Lab) and released by its developers, Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman, via a series of memos now known as the Lambda Papers. It was the firs... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,281 | The syntax of lambda calculus follows the recursive expressions from x, y, z, ...,parentheses, spaces, the period and the symbol λ. The function of lambda calculation includes: First, serve as a starting point of powerful mathematical logic. Second, it can reduce the requirement of programmers to consider the implement... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,282 | Alonzo Church's mathematical notation, the lambda calculus, has inspired Lisp's use of "lambda" as a keyword for introducing a procedure, as well as influencing the development of functional programming techniques involving the use of higher-order functions in Lisp. But early Lisps were not suitable expressions of the ... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,283 | Like most modern programming languages and unlike earlier Lisps such as Maclisp, Scheme is lexically scoped: all possible variable bindings in a program unit can be analyzed by reading the text of the program unit without consideration of the contexts in which it may be called. This contrasts with dynamic scoping which... | Scheme programming language | 0.805048 |
30,284 | In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and the bi... | Purdie methylation | 0.805048 |
30,285 | In biological systems, methylation is accomplished by enzymes. Methylation can modify heavy metals, regulate gene expression, RNA processing and protein function. It has been recognized as a key process underlying epigenetics. | Purdie methylation | 0.805048 |
30,286 | There are also precautionary vaccine stockpiles. Production capacities may also be important. See also: vaccine-to-variant adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Researchers have developed a portable virus capture device, coupled with label-free Raman spectroscopy for identification of newly emerging or circulating viruses ... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,287 | In April 2020 it was reported that researchers developed a predictive algorithm which can show in visualizations how combinations of genetic mutations can make proteins highly effective or ineffective in organisms – including for viral evolution for viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In 2021, pathogen researchers reported the de... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,288 | A successful prevention of a pandemic from specific viruses may also require ensuring that it does not re-emerge – for instance by sustaining itself in domestic animals.Pathogen detection mechanisms may allow the construction of an early warning system which could make use of artificial intelligence surveillance and ou... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,289 | making deadly viruses harder to engineer global efforts to end research into developing dangerous new diseases measures that don't rely on relevant technological equipment and biotechnology products (as well as data and knowledge) only being available to registered scientists and all of these scientists to act responsi... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,290 | Several organizations, publishers, and initiatives have taken a lead in furthering open textbook publishing, particularly in North America. In early 2011, Connexions announced a series of two grants that would allow the platform to produce a total of 20 open textbooks ultimately distributed as the OpenStax collection. ... | Open textbook | 0.805047 |
30,291 | Targeting human RNA after it's been transcribed from DNA, rather than DNA, would allow for more temporary effects than permanent changes to human genomes. The technology is made available to researchers through an interactive website and free and open source software and is accompanied by a guide on how to create guide... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,292 | They used their model to predict optimized Cas13 guide RNAs for all protein-coding RNA-transcripts of the human genome's DNA. Their technology could be used in molecular biology and in medical applications such as for better targeting of virus RNA or human RNA. | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,293 | Virologist Peter Daszak stated that an estimated 1–7 million people in Southeast Asia who live or work in proximity to bats are infected each year with bat coronaviruses. In January 2021, the WHO's investigations into the origin of COVID-19 was launched. In early 2021, the hypothesis of a laboratory cause of the pandem... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,294 | Toby Ord, author of the book The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity which addresses the issue, puts into question whether current public health and international conventions, and self-regulation by biotechnology companies and scientists are adequate. As of 2017, there is "no concerted international ... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,295 | Such sharing and off-site evaluation of symptoms and possibly related medical data may have complementary benefits such as improving livelihoods of workers who work with livestock and improving the accuracy, timeliness and costs of disease prognoses. The WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence is an early-warnin... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,296 | Dennis Carroll argues for a "marriage" between scientific discovery and political decision-making and policy formulation. Strengthened global governance – using facts, data, and science – with an emphasis on transparency and accountability and independent monitoring are important.A study found there to be a need "for a... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,297 | According to Kate Jones, chair of ecology and biodiversity at University College London, the disruption of pristine forests driven by logging, mining, road building through remote places, rapid urbanisation and population growth is bringing people into closer contact with animal species they may never have been near be... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,298 | Monitoring people who are exposed to animals in viral hotspots – including via virus monitoring stations – can register viruses at the moment they enter human populations - this might enable prevention of pandemics. The most important transmission pathways often vary per underlying driver of emerging infectious disease... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
30,299 | Martin Rees, author of the book Our Final Hour which also addresses this issue, states that while better understanding of viruses may allow for an improved capability to develop vaccines it may also lead to an increase in "the spread of 'dangerous knowledge' that would enable mavericks to make viruses more virulent and... | Pandemic prevention | 0.805047 |
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