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30,300 | Elements of a Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} are said to generate it if the smallest subalgebra containing these elements is g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} itself. The dimension of a Lie algebra is its dimension as a vector space over F {\displaystyle F} . The cardinality of a minimal generating set o... | Lie algebra homomorphism | 0.805045 |
30,301 | A Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is nilpotent if the lower central series g > > , g ] > , g ] , g ] > ⋯ {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}>>,{\mathfrak {g}}]>,{\mathfrak {g}}],{\mathfrak {g}}]>\cdots } becomes zero eventually. By Engel's theorem, a Lie algebra is nilpotent if and only if for every u in g ... | Lie algebra homomorphism | 0.805045 |
30,302 | Analogously to abelian, nilpotent, and solvable groups, defined in terms of the derived subgroups, one can define abelian, nilpotent, and solvable Lie algebras. A Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is abelian if the Lie bracket vanishes, i.e. = 0, for all x and y in g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} . Abeli... | Lie algebra homomorphism | 0.805045 |
30,303 | A Lie algebra can be equipped with some additional structures that are assumed to be compatible with the bracket. For example, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra with a graded vector space structure. If it also comes with differential (so that the underlying graded vector space is a chain complex), then it is called... | Lie algebra homomorphism | 0.805045 |
30,304 | On any field F {\displaystyle F} there is, up to isomorphism, a single two-dimensional nonabelian Lie algebra. With generators x, y, its bracket is defined as = y {\displaystyle \left=y} . It generates the affine group in one dimension.This can be realized by the matrices: x = ( 1 0 0 0 ) , y = ( 0 1 0 0 ) . {\display... | Lie algebra homomorphism | 0.805045 |
30,305 | Submodular functions naturally occur in several real world applications, in economics, game theory, machine learning and computer vision. Owing to the diminishing returns property, submodular functions naturally model costs of items, since there is often a larger discount, with an increase in the items one buys. Submod... | Submodular valuations | 0.805045 |
30,306 | Submodular functions have properties which are very similar to convex and concave functions. For this reason, an optimization problem which concerns optimizing a convex or concave function can also be described as the problem of maximizing or minimizing a submodular function subject to some constraints. | Submodular valuations | 0.805045 |
30,307 | MODAF was an internationally recognised enterprise architecture framework developed by the MOD to support Defence planning and change management activities. It does this by enabling the capture and presentation of information in a rigorous, coherent and comprehensive way that aids the understanding of complex issues, t... | MODAF Meta-Model | 0.805039 |
30,308 | MODAF is not an architectural description. A "view" is a specification of a way to present an aspect of the enterprise. Views are defined with one or more purposes in mind - e.g., showing the logical topology of the enterprise, describing a process model, defining a data model, etc. An "architectural product" is a mode... | MODAF Meta-Model | 0.805039 |
30,309 | PEI = (% inhibition at a given compound concentration as fraction: 0 – 1.0) / (molecular weight, kDa) BEI = (pKi, pKd, or pIC50) / (molecular weight, kDa) SEI = (pKi, pKd, or pIC50) / (PSA/100 Å)where pKi, pKd and pIC50 is defined as −log(Ki), −log(Kd), or −log(IC 50), respectively. Ki and IC50 in mol/L. The authors su... | Binding efficiency | 0.805036 |
30,310 | The diameter of a circle is exactly twice its radius. However, this is true only for a circle, and only in the Euclidean metric. Jung's theorem provides more general inequalities relating the diameter to the radius. | Diameter | 0.805036 |
30,311 | {\frac {\partial }{\partial x^{i}}}\right|_{p},\left. {\frac {\partial }{\partial x^{j}}}\right|_{p}\right).} One could consider these as n 2 {\displaystyle n^{2}} individual functions g i j: U → R {\displaystyle g_{ij}:U\to \mathbb {R} } or as a single n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix-valued function on U ; {\di... | Riemannian manifolds | 0.805034 |
30,312 | In 1828, Carl Friedrich Gauss proved his Theorema Egregium ("remarkable theorem" in Latin), establishing an important property of surfaces. Informally, the theorem says that the curvature of a surface can be determined entirely by measuring distances along paths on the surface. That is, curvature does not depend on how... | Riemannian manifolds | 0.805034 |
30,313 | One could also consider many other types of Riemannian metrics in this spirit. In most expository accounts of Riemannian geometry, the metrics are always taken to be smooth. However, there can be important reasons to consider metrics which are less smooth. Riemannian metrics produced by methods of geometric analysis, i... | Riemannian manifolds | 0.805034 |
30,314 | In the case of strong Riemannian metrics, a part of the finite-dimensional Hopf–Rinow still works. Theorem: Let ( M , g ) {\displaystyle (M,g)} be a strong Riemannian manifold. Then metric completeness (in the metric d g {\displaystyle d_{g}} ) implies geodesic completeness (geodesics exist for all time). | Riemannian manifolds | 0.805034 |
30,315 | In addition to pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, CTMSs are widely used at sites where clinical research is conducted such as research hospitals, physician practices, academic medical centers and cancer centers. While pharmaceutical companies that sponsor clinical trials may provide a CTMS to the sites that p... | Clinical Trial Management System | 0.805033 |
30,316 | A Clinical Trial Management System (CTMS) is a software system used by biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to manage clinical trials in clinical research. The system maintains and manages planning, performing and reporting functions, along with participant contact information, tracking deadlines and milestones. | Clinical Trial Management System | 0.805033 |
30,317 | Competitive equilibrium with equal incomes (CEEI) is a special kind of competitive equilibrium, in which the budget of all agents is the same. I.e, for every two agents A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B}: p → ⋅ x A → = p → ⋅ x B → {\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {p}}\cdot {\overrightarrow {x_{A}}}={\overrighta... | Linear utilities | 0.805033 |
30,318 | An extension of Gale's result to this setting is given by Weller's theorem. Under certain conditions, an ordinal preference relation can be represented by a linear and continuous utility function. == References == | Linear utilities | 0.805033 |
30,319 | The thermoalkaliphilic catalase, which initiates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, was isolated from an organism, Thermus brockianus, found in Yellowstone National Park by Idaho National Laboratory researchers. The catalase operates over a temperature range from 30 °C to over 94 °C and a pH rang... | Extremophilic organism | 0.805032 |
30,320 | Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary field that investigates the deterministic conditions and contingent events with which life arises, distributes, and evolves in the universe. Astrobiology makes use of physics, chemistry, astronomy, solar physics, biology, molecular biology, ecology, planetary science, geography, an... | Extremophilic organism | 0.805032 |
30,321 | It has also been suggested that DNA transfer in Sulfolobus may be an early form of sexual interaction similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation systems that involve species-specific DNA transfer leading to homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage (and see Transformation (genetics)).Extracellular ... | Extremophilic organism | 0.805032 |
30,322 | scikit-learn uses LOBPCG from SciPy with algebraic multigrid preconditioning for solving the eigenvalue problem for the graph Laplacian to perform image segmentation via spectral graph partitioning as first proposed in and actually tested in and. | Segmentation-based object categorization | 0.805031 |
30,323 | Let: d ( i ) = ∑ j w i j {\displaystyle d(i)=\sum \limits _{j}w_{ij}} Also, let D be an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} diagonal matrix with d {\displaystyle d} on the diagonal, and let W {\displaystyle W} be an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} symmetric matrix with w i j = w j i {\displaystyle w_{ij}=w_{ji}} . After so... | Segmentation-based object categorization | 0.805031 |
30,324 | Ecology, ecological forecasting Biological sequence analysis Systems biology for gene network inference or pathways analysis. Clinical research and pharmaceutical development Population dynamics, especially in regards to fisheries science. Phylogenetics and evolution Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Neuroimaging | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,325 | For instance, relatively new biostatistics departments have been founded with a focus on bioinformatics and computational biology, whereas older departments, typically affiliated with schools of public health, will have more traditional lines of research involving epidemiological studies and clinical trials as well as ... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,326 | Almost all educational programmes in biostatistics are at postgraduate level. They are most often found in schools of public health, affiliated with schools of medicine, forestry, or agriculture, or as a focus of application in departments of statistics. In the United States, where several universities have dedicated b... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,327 | Recent developments have made a large impact on biostatistics. Two important changes have been the ability to collect data on a high-throughput scale, and the ability to perform much more complex analysis using computational techniques. This comes from the development in areas as sequencing technologies, Bioinformatics... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,328 | On the other hand, the advent of modern computer technology and relatively cheap computing resources have enabled computer-intensive biostatistical methods like bootstrapping and re-sampling methods. In recent times, random forests have gained popularity as a method for performing statistical classification. Random for... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,329 | It is an implementation of S language maintained by CRAN. In addition to its functions to read data tables, take descriptive statistics, develop and evaluate models, its repository contains packages developed by researchers around the world. This allows the development of functions written to deal with the statistical ... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,330 | Any research in life sciences is proposed to answer a scientific question we might have. To answer this question with a high certainty, we need accurate results. The correct definition of the main hypothesis and the research plan will reduce errors while taking a decision in understanding a phenomenon. The research pla... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,331 | Public health, including epidemiology, health services research, nutrition, environmental health and health care policy & management. In these medicine contents, it's important to consider the design and analysis of the clinical trials. As one example, there is the assessment of severity state of a patient with a progn... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,332 | There is no formal distinction between a lemma and a theorem, only one of intention (see Theorem terminology). However, a lemma can be considered a minor result whose sole purpose is to help prove a more substantial theorem – a step in the direction of proof. | Lemma (mathematics) | 0.80503 |
30,333 | In mathematics, informal logic and argument mapping, a lemma (PL: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used as a stepping stone to a larger result. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the t... | Lemma (mathematics) | 0.80503 |
30,334 | Usually, a study aims to understand an effect of a phenomenon over a population. In biology, a population is defined as all the individuals of a given species, in a specific area at a given time. In biostatistics, this concept is extended to a variety of collections possible of study. Although, in biostatistics, a popu... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,335 | Weka: A Java software for machine learning and data mining, including tools and methods for visualization, clustering, regression, association rule, and classification. There are tools for cross-validation, bootstrapping and a module of algorithm comparison. Weka also can be run in other programming languages as Perl o... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,336 | In the case of Bioinformatics, for example, there are packages located in the main repository (CRAN) and in others, as Bioconductor. It is also possible to use packages under development that are shared in hosting-services as GitHub. SAS: A data analysis software widely used, going through universities, services and in... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,337 | So, the concept of Genomic Selection (GS) arises in order to use all molecular markers in the selection and allow the prediction of the performance of candidates in this selection. The proposal is to genotype and phenotype a training population, develop a model that can obtain the genomic estimated breeding values (GEB... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,338 | The study of Population genetics and Statistical genetics in order to link variation in genotype with a variation in phenotype. In other words, it is desirable to discover the genetic basis of a measurable trait, a quantitative trait, that is under polygenic control. A genome region that is responsible for a continuous... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,339 | Experimental designs sustain those basic principles of experimental statistics. There are three basic experimental designs to randomly allocate treatments in all plots of the experiment. They are completely randomized design, randomized block design, and factorial designs. Treatments can be arranged in many ways inside... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,340 | In agriculture and biology studies, yield data and its components can be obtained by metric measures. However, pest and disease injuries in plats are obtained by observation, considering score scales for levels of damage. Especially, in genetic studies, modern methods for data collection in field and laboratory should ... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,341 | Biostatistics International Journal of Biostatistics Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Biostatistics and Public Health Biometrics Biometrika Biometrical Journal Communications in Biometry and Crop Science Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Statistical Methods in Medical Research Pharmace... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,342 | Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results. | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,343 | He also developed the theory of primordial soup.These and other biostatisticians, mathematical biologists, and statistically inclined geneticists helped bring together evolutionary biology and genetics into a consistent, coherent whole that could begin to be quantitatively modeled. In parallel to this overall developme... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,344 | He is credited for the sentence "Natural selection is a mechanism for generating an exceedingly high degree of improbability". Sewall G. Wright developed F-statistics and methods of computing them and defined inbreeding coefficient. J. B. S. Haldane's book, The Causes of Evolution, reestablished natural selection as th... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,345 | Ronald Fisher worked alongside statistician Betty Allan developing several basic statistical methods in support of his work studying the crop experiments at Rothamsted Research, published in Fisher's books Statistical Methods for Research Workers (1925) and The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (1930), as well as A... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,346 | By the 1930s, models built on statistical reasoning had helped to resolve these differences and to produce the neo-Darwinian modern evolutionary synthesis. Solving these differences also allowed to define the concept of population genetics and brought together genetics and evolution. The three leading figures in the es... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,347 | In the early 1900s, after the rediscovery of Mendel's Mendelian inheritance work, there were gaps in understanding between genetics and evolutionary Darwinism. Francis Galton tried to expand Mendel's discoveries with human data and proposed a different model with fractions of the heredity coming from each ancestral com... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,348 | Biostatistical modeling forms an important part of numerous modern biological theories. Genetics studies, since its beginning, used statistical concepts to understand observed experimental results. Some genetics scientists even contributed with statistical advances with the development of methods and tools. Gregor Mend... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,349 | Moreover, there is an interconnection between some databases in the information exchange/sharing and a major initiative was the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) which relates data from DDBJ, EMBL-EBI, and NCBI.Nowadays, increase in size and complexity of molecular datasets leads to use o... | Biostatistics | 0.80503 |
30,350 | The problem of determining the language accepted by a given acceptor is an instance of the algebraic path problem—itself a generalization of the shortest path problem to graphs with edges weighted by the elements of an (arbitrary) semiring.An example of an accepting state appears in Fig. 5: a deterministic finite autom... | Finite-state automaton | 0.805026 |
30,351 | Mitchell, Tom M. (1997). Machine Learning (1st ed.). New York: WCB/McGraw-Hill Corporation. ISBN 978-0-07-042807-2. | Finite-state automaton | 0.805026 |
30,352 | Mathematical Reviews is a journal published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS) that contains brief synopses, and in some cases evaluations, of many articles in mathematics, statistics, and theoretical computer science. The AMS also publishes an associated online bibliographic database called MathSciNet which co... | Mathematical Citation Quotient | 0.805024 |
30,353 | In areas of physics such as wave propagation and wave mechanics, the equations involved are hyperbolic and so may have more singular solutions. As a result, the nascent delta functions that arise as fundamental solutions of the associated Cauchy problems are generally oscillatory integrals. An example, which comes from... | Dirac delta | 0.805024 |
30,354 | The Sokhotski–Plemelj theorem, important in quantum mechanics, relates the delta function to the distribution p.v. 1/x, the Cauchy principal value of the function 1/x, defined by Sokhotsky's formula states that Here the limit is understood in the distribution sense, that for all compactly supported smooth functions f, | Dirac delta | 0.805024 |
30,355 | According to Denis Conniffe: Ronald A. Fisher was "interested in application and in the popularization of statistical methods and his early book Statistical Methods for Research Workers, published in 1925, went through many editions and motivated and influenced the practical use of statistics in many fields of study. H... | Statistical Methods for Research Workers | 0.805022 |
30,356 | Henry Darcy was a French scientist who made advances in flow of fluids through porous materials. He conducted experiments which studied the movement of fluids through sand columns. These experiments led to the determination of Darcy's law, which describes fluid flow through a medium with high levels of porosity. Darcy'... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,357 | Finite Element programs are more flexible in design (triangular elements vs. the block elements most finite difference models use) and there are some programs available (SUTRA, a 2D or 3D density-dependent flow model by the USGS; Hydrus, a commercial unsaturated flow model; FEFLOW, a commercial modelling environment fo... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,358 | Fault zone hydrogeology is the study of how brittlely deformed rocks alter fluid flows in different lithological settings, such as clastic, igneous and carbonate rocks. Fluid movements, that can be quantified as permeability, can be facilitated or impeded due to the existence of a fault zone. This is because different ... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,359 | Oscar Edward Meinzer was an American scientist who is often called the "father of modern groundwater hydrology". He standardized key terms in the field as well as determined principles regarding occurrence, movement, and discharge. He proved that the flow of water obeys Darcy's law. He also proposed the use of geophysi... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,360 | Statistical Methods for Research Workers is a classic book on statistics, written by the statistician R. A. Fisher. It is considered by some to be one of the 20th century's most influential books on statistical methods, together with his The Design of Experiments (1935). It was originally published in 1925, by Oliver &... | Statistical Methods for Research Workers | 0.805022 |
30,361 | To use the groundwater flow equation to estimate the distribution of hydraulic heads, or the direction and rate of groundwater flow, this partial differential equation (PDE) must be solved. The most common means of analytically solving the diffusion equation in the hydrogeology literature are: Laplace, Hankel and Fouri... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,362 | Groundwater engineering, another name for hydrogeology, is a branch of engineering which is concerned with groundwater movement and design of wells, pumps, and drains. The main concerns in groundwater engineering include groundwater contamination, conservation of supplies, and water quality.Wells are constructed for us... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,363 | Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers). The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchan... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,364 | An aquifer is a collection of water underneath the surface, large enough to be useful in a spring or a well. Aquifers can be unconfined, where the top of the aquifer is defined by the water table, or confined, where the aquifer exists underneath a confining bed.There are three aspects that control the nature of aquifer... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,365 | One of the most important aspects of groundwater engineering and hydrogeology is water well design and construction. Proper well design and construction are important to maintain the health of the groundwater and the people which will use the well. Factors which must be considered in well design are: A reliable aquifer... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,366 | Often we are interested in how the moving groundwater will transport dissolved contaminants around (the sub-field of contaminant hydrogeology). The contaminants which are man-made (e.g., petroleum products, nitrate, Chromium or radionuclides) or naturally occurring (e.g., arsenic, salinity), can be transported through ... | Hydrogeology | 0.805022 |
30,367 | In physics and engineering, a vector is typically regarded as a geometric entity characterized by a magnitude and a direction. It is formally defined as a directed line segment, or arrow, in a Euclidean space. In pure mathematics, a vector is defined more generally as any element of a vector space. In this context, vec... | Euclidean vector | 0.805021 |
30,368 | Metal cladding systems are required to carry externally applied loads, such as snow and wind loading without deflecting excessively or compromising the other performance requirements. The individual characteristic loads (actions) should be obtained from the appropriate part of EN 1991, taking into account the building ... | Metal profiles | 0.805015 |
30,369 | Often, quantities are defined as the rate of change of other quantities (for example, derivatives of displacement with respect to time), or gradients of quantities, which is how they enter differential equations.Specific mathematical fields include geometry and analytical mechanics. Scientific fields include much of ph... | Explicit ordinary differential equation | 0.805014 |
30,370 | Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) arise in many contexts of mathematics and social and natural sciences. Mathematical descriptions of change use differentials and derivatives. Various differentials, derivatives, and functions become related via equations, such that a differential equation is a result that describe... | Explicit ordinary differential equation | 0.805014 |
30,371 | In particular, its dimension may fail to be constant. However, the following theorem holds: If the dimension of the local holonomy group is constant, then the local and restricted holonomy agree: Hol p ∗ ( ω ) = Hol p 0 ( ω ) . {\displaystyle \operatorname {Hol} _{p}^{*}(\omega )=\operatorname {Hol} _{p}^{0}(\omega... | Holonomy groups | 0.805013 |
30,372 | Affine holonomy groups are the groups arising as holonomies of torsion-free affine connections; those which are not Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian holonomy groups are also known as non-metric holonomy groups. The deRham decomposition theorem does not apply to affine holonomy groups, so a complete classification is out... | Holonomy groups | 0.805013 |
30,373 | More formally, the curvature is the differential of the holonomy action at the identity of the holonomy group. In other words, R(X, Y) is an element of the Lie algebra of Hol p ( ω ) . {\displaystyle \operatorname {Hol} _{p}(\omega ).} In general, consider the holonomy of a connection in a principal bundle P → M over... | Holonomy groups | 0.805013 |
30,374 | The Ambrose–Singer theorem (due to Warren Ambrose and Isadore M. Singer (1953)) relates the holonomy of a connection in a principal bundle with the curvature form of the connection. To make this theorem plausible, consider the familiar case of an affine connection (or a connection in the tangent bundle – the Levi-Civit... | Holonomy groups | 0.805013 |
30,375 | PrimeSense - Natural Interaction & 3D Sensing Willow Garage - personal robotics applications ASUS - hardware manufacturer for full body motion apps and games | OpenNI | 0.805013 |
30,376 | FORTH ICS – Institute of Computer Science TipTep University of Southern California– 3D Face Modeling & Recognition Ayotle – Vision Software SigmaRD | OpenNI | 0.805013 |
30,377 | Mechanical engineering and electrical engineering engineers are specialists when engaged in the building design fields. This is known as mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) throughout the United States, or building services engineering in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Mechanical engineers often desi... | Architectural structure | 0.80501 |
30,378 | However, starting from the 2010s, in many countries plants designed for baseload supply are being operated as dispatchable generation to balance increasing generation by variable renewable energy.By-products of fossil fuel power plant operation must be considered in their design and operation. Flue gas from combustion ... | Fossil fuel electrical generation | 0.805009 |
30,379 | Freezing point depression osmometers are applied in various areas of the medical field. The approach is used in determining the colloidal aspects of solutions. In the present day, the method is applied, among other areas, in measuring osmolarity in lens care solutions as well as eye drops. It is further used in clinica... | Nanolitre osmometer | 0.805007 |
30,380 | Osmometry is widely used in pharmaceuticals, quality control laboratories, and clinical chemistry to measure the osmolality in aqueous solutions accurately. It is commonly used in medical clinics to assist with various pharmaceutical practices, including the development of lens care solutions and eye drops. | Nanolitre osmometer | 0.805007 |
30,381 | Contextual interference bears an intriguing similarity to a phenomenon observed during the training of neural networks called catastrophic interference (McCloskey & Cohen, 1989). Catastrophic interference occurs when a network is trained to criteria on one set of mappings, and then switched to a new set, at which point... | Varied practice | 0.805002 |
30,382 | Neuroscience techniques have recently been applied to investigating the effects of varied practice. Because these effects are typically only observed after a considerable delay, these studies have focused on the neural changes occurring during the consolidation period. For example, Kantak and colleagues (2010) used rep... | Varied practice | 0.805002 |
30,383 | In multivariate statistics, the congruence coefficient is an index of the similarity between factors that have been derived in a factor analysis. It was introduced in 1948 by Cyril Burt who referred to it as unadjusted correlation. It is also called Tucker's congruence coefficient after Ledyard Tucker who popularized t... | Congruence coefficient | 0.805002 |
30,384 | However, if the specific system has a standard implementation of environmental or security for example, the situation is reversed and the human factors engineering or hardware/software engineering may be the "specialty engineering" domain. The key take away is; the context of the system engineering project and unique n... | Specialty engineering | 0.805001 |
30,385 | In the domain of systems engineering, Specialty Engineering is defined as and includes the engineering disciplines that are not typical of the main engineering effort. More common engineering efforts in systems engineering such as hardware, software, and human factors engineering may be used as major elements in a majo... | Specialty engineering | 0.805001 |
30,386 | In theoretical physics, a double scaling limit is a limit in which the coupling constant is sent to zero while another quantity is sent to zero or infinity at the same moment. The adjective "double" is a kind of misnomer because the procedure represents an ordinary scaling. However, the adjective is meant to emphasize ... | Double scaling limit | 0.805 |
30,387 | The demand for metal nanoparticles, and therefore production methods, has increased as interest in nanotechnology continues to rise. Despite its overwhelming simplicity and efficiency, it is difficult to modify the experimental apparatus to be used on an industrial scale. As such, EWM has not seen widespread utilizatio... | Exploding wire method | 0.804997 |
30,388 | In 1952, Bill Brodey's eldest son Ian joined the company. Ian was a graduate in mechanical engineering from Loughborough College of Technology and brought a new level of professionalism to the company's engineering activity, producing drawings for all components for the first time and expanding the product range. In 19... | Norbar Torque | 0.804994 |
30,389 | The directors include a grandchild of the founder, Bill Brodey. Neill Brodey joined Norbar in 1987 following a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Loughborough University and having worked at Coles Cranes and Harris Graphics. | Norbar Torque | 0.804993 |
30,390 | Digit sums are also a common ingredient in checksum algorithms to check the arithmetic operations of early computers. Earlier, in an era of hand calculation, Edgeworth (1888) suggested using sums of 50 digits taken from mathematical tables of logarithms as a form of random number generation; if one assumes that each di... | Digit sum | 0.804993 |
30,391 | A power series is a series of the form The Taylor series at a point c of a function is a power series that, in many cases, converges to the function in a neighborhood of c. For example, the series is the Taylor series of e x {\displaystyle e^{x}} at the origin and converges to it for every x. Unless it converges only a... | Partial sum | 0.804993 |
30,392 | A series of real or complex numbers is said to be conditionally convergent (or semi-convergent) if it is convergent but not absolutely convergent. A famous example is the alternating series which is convergent (and its sum is equal to ln 2 {\displaystyle \ln 2} ), but the series formed by taking the absolute value of... | Partial sum | 0.804993 |
30,393 | Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product of these processes, sul... | Sulfur-reducing bacteria | 0.804993 |
30,394 | In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's minimum energy theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1849) states that the steady irrotational motion of an incompressible fluid occupying a simply connected region has less kinetic energy than any other motion with the same normal component of velocity ... | Kelvin's minimum energy theorem | 0.804993 |
30,395 | Applying the Gauss theorem for the first integral we find ∫ ( u 1 − u ) ⋅ ∇ ϕ d V = ∫ ϕ ( u 1 − u ) ⋅ n d A {\displaystyle \int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \nabla \phi \ dV=\int \phi (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \mathbf {n} \ dA} where the surface integral is zero since normal component of velocities a... | Kelvin's minimum energy theorem | 0.804993 |
30,396 | An algorithm trained on newswires might have to adapt to a new dataset of biomedical documents. A spam filter, trained on a certain group of email users during training, must adapt to a new target user when deployed. Applying AI diagnostic algorithms, trained on labeled data associated with previous diseases, to new un... | Domain adaptation | 0.804992 |
30,397 | The goal is to find or construct a common representation space for the two domains. The objective is to obtain a space in which the domains are close to each other while keeping good performances on the source labeling task. This can be achieved through the use of Adversarial machine learning techniques where feature r... | Domain adaptation | 0.804992 |
30,398 | Domain adaptation is a field associated with machine learning and transfer learning. This scenario arises when we aim at learning from a source data distribution a well performing model on a different (but related) target data distribution. For instance, one of the tasks of the common spam filtering problem consists in... | Domain adaptation | 0.804992 |
30,399 | A domain shift, or distributional shift, is a change in the data distribution between an algorithm's training dataset, and a dataset it encounters when deployed. These domain shifts are common in practical applications of artificial intelligence. Conventional machine-learning algorithms often adapt poorly to domain shi... | Domain adaptation | 0.804992 |
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