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32,100 | These factors include the number of turns in the sense winding, magnetic permeability of the core, sensor geometry, and the gated flux rate of change with respect to time. Phase synchronous detection is used to extract these harmonic signals from the sense winding and convert them into a DC voltage proportional to the ... | Vector magnetometer | 0.804103 |
32,101 | The geometry, depth, or magnetisation direction (remanence) of the targets are also generally not known, and so multiple models can explain the data. Potent by Geophysical Software Solutions is a leading magnetic (and gravity) interpretation package used extensively in the Australian exploration industry. Magnetometer... | Vector magnetometer | 0.804103 |
32,102 | A method of quantizing the Yang–Mills theory is by functional methods, i.e. path integrals. One introduces a generating functional for n-point functions as Z = ∫ exp , {\displaystyle \ Z=\int \ \exp \left\ ,} but this integral has no meaning as it is because the potential vector can be arbitrarily chosen due to th... | Yang-Mills field | 0.804103 |
32,103 | In physics and mathematics, time domain electromagnetics refers to one of two general groups of techniques (in mathematics, often called ansätze) that describe electromagnetic wave motion. In contrast with frequency domain electromagnetics, which are based on the Fourier or Laplace transform, time domain keeps time as ... | Time domain electromagnetics | 0.804102 |
32,104 | Prediction of properties of novel chemicals that are located outside the applicability domain uses extrapolation, and so is less reliable (on average) than prediction within the applicability domain. The assessment of the reliability of QSAR predictions remains a research topic. The QSAR equations can be used to predic... | Quantitative structure-property relationship | 0.804101 |
32,105 | Typically QSAR models derived from non linear machine learning is seen as a "black box", which fails to guide medicinal chemists. Recently there is a relatively new concept of matched molecular pair analysis or prediction driven MMPA which is coupled with QSAR model in order to identify activity cliffs. | Quantitative structure-property relationship | 0.804101 |
32,106 | More special versions of both are continuous and algebraic cpos. Adding even further completeness properties one obtains continuous lattices and algebraic lattices, which are just complete lattices with the respective properties. For the algebraic case, one finds broader classes of posets that are still worth studying:... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,107 | A simple special case of a domain is known as an elementary or flat domain. This consists of a set of incomparable elements, such as the integers, along with a single "bottom" element considered smaller than all other elements. One can obtain a number of other interesting special classes of ordered structures that coul... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,108 | A poset D is a dcpo if and only if each chain in D has a supremum. (The 'if' direction relies on the axiom of choice.) If f is a continuous function on a domain D then it has a least fixed point, given as the least upper bound of all finite iterations of f on the least element ⊥: fix ( f ) = ⨆ n ∈ N f n ( ⊥ ) {\displ... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,109 | The important step to finding a model for the lambda calculus is to consider only those functions (on such a partially ordered set) that are guaranteed to have least fixed points. The set of these functions, together with an appropriate ordering, is again a "domain" in the sense of the theory. But the restriction to a ... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,110 | Such a model would formalize a link between the lambda calculus as a purely syntactic system and the lambda calculus as a notational system for manipulating concrete mathematical functions. The combinator calculus is such a model. However, the elements of the combinator calculus are functions from functions to function... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,111 | The primary motivation for the study of domains, which was initiated by Dana Scott in the late 1960s, was the search for a denotational semantics of the lambda calculus. In this formalism, one considers "functions" specified by certain terms in the language. In a purely syntactic way, one can go from simple functions t... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,112 | As remarked before, not every finite element is "finite" in a classical sense and it may well be that the finite elements constitute an uncountable set. In some cases, however, the base for a poset is countable. In this case, one speaks of an ω-continuous poset. Accordingly, if the countable base consists entirely of f... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,113 | Finally, an even stronger restriction on a partially ordered set is given by requiring the existence of a base of finite elements. Such a poset is called algebraic. From the viewpoint of denotational semantics, algebraic posets are particularly well-behaved, since they allow for the approximation of all elements even w... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,114 | Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially ... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,115 | Yet, such elements do not have to be "finite" nor "compact" in any other mathematical usage of the terms. The notation is nonetheless motivated by certain parallels to the respective notions in set theory and topology. The compact elements of a domain have the important special property that they cannot be obtained as ... | Domain theory | 0.804095 |
32,116 | saw the need for a quicker way to produce industrial and consumer goods. Servos, digital logic and solid-state electronics allowed engineers to build better and faster systems and over time these systems were improved and revised to the point where a single robot is capable of running 24 hours a day with little or no m... | Automated method | 0.804093 |
32,117 | Industrial robotics is a sub-branch in industrial automation that aids in various manufacturing processes. Such manufacturing processes include machining, welding, painting, assembling and material handling to name a few. Industrial robots use various mechanical, electrical as well as software systems to allow for high... | Automated method | 0.804093 |
32,118 | Some manufacturers also round to a certain precision or round up instead. For example, PC3-10666 memory could be listed as PC3-10600 or PC3-10700.Note: All items listed above are specified by JEDEC as JESD79-3F. : 157–165 All RAM data rates in-between or above these listed specifications are not standardized by JEDEC—o... | DDR3 SDRAM | 0.80409 |
32,119 | This is technically an abuse of notation, and these are really the image of the basis of s l n C {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sl}}_{n}\mathbb {C} } in the fundamental representation. Furthermore, this is in fact a Cartan–Weyl basis, with the H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} spanning the Cartan subalgebra. Introducing notation E... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,120 | When g = s l n C = s l ( V ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {sl}}_{n}\mathbb {C} ={\mathfrak {sl}}(V)} for a complex vector space V {\displaystyle V} of dimension n {\displaystyle n} , each finite-dimensional irreducible representation of g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} can be found as a subrepresentation ... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,121 | Conversely, if the h {\displaystyle h} -eigenvalue of v {\displaystyle v} is a nonnegative integer and V {\displaystyle V} is irreducible, then V {\displaystyle V} has a basis v , f v , f 2 v , ⋯ , f N v {\displaystyle v,fv,f^{2}v,\cdots ,f^{N}v} ; in particular has finite dimension.The beautiful special case of s l 2 ... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,122 | Note that, here, the powers f k {\displaystyle f^{k}} , etc. refer to powers as elements of the algebra U and not matrix powers. The first basic fact (that follows from the above commutator relations) is: From this lemma, one deduces the following fundamental result: The first statement is true since either v j {\displ... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,123 | The Lie algebra s l 2 C {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sl}}_{2}\mathbb {C} } is a three-dimensional complex Lie algebra. Its defining feature is that it contains a basis e , h , f {\displaystyle e,h,f} satisfying the commutation relations = h {\displaystyle =h} , = − 2 f {\displaystyle =-2f} , and = 2 e {\displaystyle =... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,124 | The Lie algebra s l 2 ( C ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sl}}_{2}(\mathbb {C} )} is central to the study of special relativity, general relativity and supersymmetry: its fundamental representation is the so-called spinor representation, while its adjoint representation generates the Lorentz group SO(3,1) of special relat... | Special linear algebra | 0.804089 |
32,125 | Hyperbolic geometry is not limited to 2 dimensions; a hyperbolic geometry exists for every higher number of dimensions. | Hemisphere model | 0.804088 |
32,126 | Some argue that his measurements were methodologically flawed.Henri Poincaré, with his sphere-world thought experiment, came to the conclusion that everyday experience does not necessarily rule out other geometries. The geometrization conjecture gives a complete list of eight possibilities for the fundamental geometry ... | Hemisphere model | 0.804088 |
32,127 | Because Euclidean, hyperbolic and elliptic geometry are all consistent, the question arises: which is the real geometry of space, and if it is hyperbolic or elliptic, what is its curvature? Lobachevsky had already tried to measure the curvature of the universe by measuring the parallax of Sirius and treating Sirius as ... | Hemisphere model | 0.804088 |
32,128 | Since the publication of Euclid's Elements circa 300 BCE, many geometers made attempts to prove the parallel postulate. Some tried to prove it by assuming its negation and trying to derive a contradiction. Foremost among these were Proclus, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), Omar Khayyám, Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī, Witelo, Gersonide... | Hemisphere model | 0.804088 |
32,129 | Antoine Lavoisier then listed carbon as an element in his 1789 textbook.A new allotrope of carbon, fullerene, that was discovered in 1985 includes nanostructured forms such as buckyballs and nanotubes. Their discoverers – Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, and Richard Smalley – received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. Th... | Carbon | 0.804088 |
32,130 | The English name carbon comes from the Latin carbo for coal and charcoal, whence also comes the French charbon, meaning charcoal. In German, Dutch and Danish, the names for carbon are Kohlenstoff, koolstof, and kulstof respectively, all literally meaning coal-substance. Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known... | Carbon | 0.804088 |
32,131 | Medical communication agencies include a broad range of organizations, including those that focus largely or exclusively on publication planning. When developing and executing a publication plan on behalf of a pharmaceutical or biotechnology client, medical communication agencies employ professional publication strateg... | Pharmaceutical publication planning | 0.804088 |
32,132 | The Nano/Bio Interface Center is a Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center at the University of Pennsylvania. It specializes in bionanotechnology, combining aspects of life sciences and engineering, with a particular focus in biomolecular optoelectronics and molecular motions, including developing new scanning probe m... | Nano/Bio Interface Center | 0.804086 |
32,133 | The Award for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology is given by the Nano/Bio Interface Center each year to an outstanding researcher in nanotechnology. The award is given each year at the center's NanoDay outreach event. == References == | Nano/Bio Interface Center | 0.804086 |
32,134 | Way-below relation Continuous poset Continuous lattice Algebraic poset Scott domain Algebraic lattice Scott information system Powerdomain Scott topology Scott continuity | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,135 | Heyting algebra Relatively complemented lattice Complete Heyting algebra Pointless topology MV-algebra Ockham algebras: Stone algebra De Morgan algebra Kleene algebra (with involution) Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebra Boolean algebra (structure) Boolean ring Complete Boolean algebra Orthocomplemented lattice Quantale | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,136 | Semilattice Lattice (Directed) complete partial order, (d)cpo Bounded complete Complete lattice Knaster–Tarski theorem Infinite divisibility | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,137 | Order theory is a branch of mathematics that studies various kinds of objects (often binary relations) that capture the intuitive notion of ordering, providing a framework for saying when one thing is "less than" or "precedes" another. An alphabetical list of many notions of order theory can be found in the order theor... | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,138 | Stone duality Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras Specialization (pre)order Order topology of a total order (open interval topology) Alexandrov topology Upper topology Scott topology Scott continuity Lawson topology Finer topology | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,139 | Partially ordered monoid Ordered group Archimedean property Ordered ring Ordered field Artinian ring Noetherian Linearly ordered group Monomial order Weak order of permutations Bruhat order on a Coxeter group Incidence algebra | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,140 | Lindenbaum algebra Zorn's lemma Hausdorff maximality theorem Boolean prime ideal theorem Ultrafilter Ultrafilter lemma Tree (set theory) Tree (descriptive set theory) Suslin's problem Absorption law Prewellordering | List of order theory topics | 0.804085 |
32,141 | In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression. During gene expression, an mRNA molecule is transcrib... | 3′ UTR | 0.804085 |
32,142 | Most devices use a coil shaped like a figure-eight to deliver a shallow magnetic field that affects more superficial neurons in the brain. Differences in magnetic coil design are considered when comparing results, with important elements including the type of material, geometry and specific characteristics of the assoc... | Transcranial magnetic stimulation | 0.804084 |
32,143 | TMEM125 comprises 219 amino acids with four transmembrane domains. Its predicted isoelectric point is 8.32 and predicted molecular weight is 22.1 kDa. It is primarily leucine-rich, and secondarily alanine- and glycine-rich; TMEM125 is also arginine- and lysine-deficient. It has two core repeat blocks, VALL and TTSS, wh... | TMEM125 | 0.804083 |
32,144 | "A New Ballad of Sir Patrick Spens" by Arthur T. Quiller-Couch "The Unfortunate Topologist" by Cyril Kornbluth "There Once Was a Breathy Baboon" by Sir Arthur Eddington "Yet What Are All..." by Lewis Carroll "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" by Ralph Barton "Mathematical Love" by Andrew Marvell "The Circle" by Christophe... | Fantasia Mathematica | 0.804082 |
32,145 | The Einstein field equation (EFE) describing the geometry of spacetime is given as (using natural units) R μ ν − 1 2 R g μ ν = 8 π G T μ ν {\displaystyle R_{\mu \nu }-{\frac {1}{2}}Rg_{\mu \nu }=8\pi GT_{\mu \nu }} where R μ ν {\displaystyle R_{\mu \nu }} is the Ricci tensor, R {\displaystyle R} is the Ricci scalar, T ... | Weak-field approximation | 0.804082 |
32,146 | : 127 As an illustration, suppose that a physical theory is proposed which conserves a quantity X. A researcher can calculate the types of Lagrangians that conserve X through a continuous symmetry. Due to Noether's theorem, the properties of these Lagrangians provide further criteria to understand the implications and ... | Noether current | 0.804082 |
32,147 | As an illustration, if a physical system behaves the same regardless of how it is oriented in space (that is, it's invariant), its Lagrangian is symmetric under continuous rotation: from this symmetry, Noether's theorem dictates that the angular momentum of the system be conserved, as a consequence of its laws of motio... | Noether current | 0.804082 |
32,148 | : 23: 261 Noether's theorem is important, both because of the insight it gives into conservation laws, and also as a practical calculational tool. It allows investigators to determine the conserved quantities (invariants) from the observed symmetries of a physical system. Conversely, it allows researchers to consider w... | Noether current | 0.804082 |
32,149 | Suppose we have two symmetry derivations Q1 and Q2. Then, is also a symmetry derivation. Let us see this explicitly. Let us say and Then, where f12 = Q1 − Q2. So, This shows we can extend Noether's theorem to larger Lie algebras in a natural way. | Noether current | 0.804082 |
32,150 | The TRPV6 protein is expressed in epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. TRPV6 protein expression in humans has been demonstrated in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, mammary ... | TRPV6 | 0.804082 |
32,151 | Chapter 9 concerns the reconstruction of three-dimensional polyhedra from a two-dimensional perspective view, by constraining the vertices of the polyhedron to lie on rays through the point of view. The original Russian edition of the book concludes with two chapters, 10 and 11, related to Cauchy's theorem that polyhed... | Convex Polyhedra (book) | 0.804082 |
32,152 | Chapters 3 and 4 prove Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem, characterizing the surface geometry of polyhedra as being exactly the metric spaces that are topologically spherical locally like the Euclidean plane except at a finite set of points of positive angular defect, obeying Descartes' theorem on total angular defect th... | Convex Polyhedra (book) | 0.804082 |
32,153 | Robert Connelly writes that, for a work describing significant developments in the theory of convex polyhedra that was however hard to access in the west, the English translation of Convex Polyhedra was long overdue. He calls the material on Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem "the star result in the book", and he writes t... | Convex Polyhedra (book) | 0.804082 |
32,154 | In computer science, an evolution strategy (ES) is an optimization technique based on ideas of evolution. It belongs to the general class of evolutionary computation or artificial evolution methodologies. | Evolution strategies | 0.804081 |
32,155 | The 'evolution strategy' optimization technique was created in the early 1960s and developed further in the 1970s and later by Ingo Rechenberg, Hans-Paul Schwefel and their co-workers. | Evolution strategies | 0.804081 |
32,156 | The essential dimension of a linear algebraic group G is always finite and bounded by the minimal dimension of a generically free representation minus the dimension of G. For G a Spin group over an algebraically closed field k, the essential dimension is listed in OEIS: A280191. The essential dimension of a finite alge... | Essential dimension | 0.80408 |
32,157 | Then we get a functor Fp: Fields/k → Set taking a field extension K/k to the set of isomorphism classes in the fiber p − 1 ( S p e c ( K ) ) {\displaystyle p^{-1}(Spec(K))} . The essential dimension of the fibered category F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is defined as the essential dimension of the corresponding funct... | Essential dimension | 0.80408 |
32,158 | {\displaystyle p:{\mathcal {F}}\to Aff/k.} For example, F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} may be the moduli stack M g {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}_{g}} of genus g curves or the classifying stack B G {\displaystyle {\mathcal {BG}}} of an algebraic group. Assume that for each A ∈ A f f / k {\displaystyle A\in Aff/k} the ... | Essential dimension | 0.80408 |
32,159 | Essential dimension of quadratic forms: For a natural number n consider the functor Qn: Fields/k → Set taking a field extension K/k to the set of isomorphism classes of non-degenerate n-dimensional quadratic forms over K and taking a morphism L/k → K/k (given by the inclusion of L in K) to the map sending the isomorphi... | Essential dimension | 0.80408 |
32,160 | In mathematics, essential dimension is an invariant defined for certain algebraic structures such as algebraic groups and quadratic forms. It was introduced by J. Buhler and Z. Reichstein and in its most generality defined by A. Merkurjev.Basically, essential dimension measures the complexity of algebraic structures vi... | Essential dimension | 0.80408 |
32,161 | The Dedekind-Kummer theorem holds more generally than in the situation of number fields: Let o {\displaystyle {\mathcal {o}}} be a Dedekind domain contained in its quotient field K {\displaystyle K} , L / K {\displaystyle L/K} a finite, separable field extension with L = K {\displaystyle L=K} for a suitable generator ... | Dedekind–Kummer theorem | 0.80408 |
32,162 | This relationship is described by the Shannon–Hartley theorem, which is a fundamental law of information theory. SNR can be calculated using different formulas depending on how the signal and noise are measured and defined. The most common way to express SNR is in decibels, which is a logarithmic scale that makes it ea... | Signal level | 0.80408 |
32,163 | Mills (2002) has described an extended guided local search (EGLS) which utilises random moves and an aspiration criterion designed specifically for penalty based schemes. The resulting algorithm improved the robustness of GLS over a range of parameter settings, particularly in the case of the quadratic assignment probl... | Guided Local Search | 0.804077 |
32,164 | The UNC5 receptors have repellant migratory responses to netrin binding, and have similar effects to the slit-Robo system. The intracellular signaling responses to netrin-1 are not yet well understood, even in neurobiology studies. Several phosphorylation events have been established, as have the involvement of several... | Netrin receptor DCC | 0.804077 |
32,165 | One of the most frequent genetic abnormalities that occur in advanced colorectal cancer is loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of DCC in region 18q21. DCC in a receptor for netrin-1 and is currently believed by some to be a conditional tumour suppressor gene, meaning that it normally prevents cell growth when in the absence o... | Netrin receptor DCC | 0.804077 |
32,166 | In elementary geometry the word congruent is often used as follows. The word equal is often used in place of congruent for these objects. Two line segments are congruent if they have the same length. | Congruence (geometry) | 0.804076 |
32,167 | In geometry, two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size, or if one has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other.More formally, two sets of points are called congruent if, and only if, one can be transformed into the other by an isometry, i.e., a combination of rigid motion... | Congruence (geometry) | 0.804076 |
32,168 | Sufficient evidence for congruence between two triangles in Euclidean space can be shown through the following comparisons: SAS (side-angle-side): If two pairs of sides of two triangles are equal in length, and the included angles are equal in measurement, then the triangles are congruent. SSS (side-side-side): If thre... | Congruence (geometry) | 0.804076 |
32,169 | Berger, James O (1985). Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. Springer Series in Statistics (Second ed.). Springer-Verlag. | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,170 | The precise answer is given by Bayes' theorem. Let H 1 {\displaystyle H_{1}} correspond to bowl #1, and H 2 {\displaystyle H_{2}} to bowl #2. It is given that the bowls are identical from Fred's point of view, thus P ( H 1 ) = P ( H 2 ) {\displaystyle P(H_{1})=P(H_{2})} , and the two must add up to 1, so both are equal... | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,171 | (2003) Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 2B: Bayesian Inference. Arnold, New York. ISBN 0-340-52922-9. | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,172 | Jaynes, E. T. (1998) Probability Theory: The Logic of Science. O'Hagan, A. and Forster, J. | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,173 | Theory of statistics. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-94546-0. | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,174 | Bayesian inference derives the posterior probability as a consequence of two antecedents: a prior probability and a "likelihood function" derived from a statistical model for the observed data. Bayesian inference computes the posterior probability according to Bayes' theorem: where H {\displaystyle H} stands for any hy... | Confirmation theory | 0.804073 |
32,175 | It then sparked in the 1960s discussions about the principles of knowledge and belief and many axioms for these notions were proposed and discussed. For example, the interaction axioms K p → B p {\displaystyle Kp\rightarrow Bp} and B p → K B p {\displaystyle Bp\rightarrow KBp} are often considered to be intuitive princ... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,176 | In computer science, DEL is for example very much related to multi-agent systems, which are systems where multiple intelligent agents interact and exchange information. As a combination of dynamic logic and epistemic logic, dynamic epistemic logic is a young field of research. | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,177 | Originally, DEL focused on epistemic events. We only present in this entry some of the basic ideas of the original DEL framework; more details about DEL in general can be found in the references. Due to the nature of its object of study and its abstract approach, DEL is related and has applications to numerous research... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,178 | Typically, in computer science and in many of the theories developed in artificial intelligence, the logic of belief (doxastic logic) is taken to be KD45 {\displaystyle {\textsf {KD45}}} and the logic of knowledge (epistemic logic) is taken to be S5 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S5}}} , even if S5 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,179 | {\displaystyle {\textsf {S4}}\subset {\textsf {S4.2}}\subset {\textsf {S4.3}}\subset {\textsf {S4.3.2}}\subset {\textsf {S4.4}}\subset {\textsf {S5}}.} So, all the theorems of S4.2 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S4.2}}} are also theorems of S4.3 , S4.3.2 , S4.4 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S4.3}},{\textsf {S4.3.2}},{\textsf {S4.... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,180 | The axioms Red 1 - Red 4 are called reduction axioms because they allow to reduce any formula of L P A L {\displaystyle {{\mathcal {L}}_{PAL}}} to a provably equivalent formula of L E L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{EL}} in H P A L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}_{PAL}} . The formula K q {\displaystyle Kq} is a theorem... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.804073 |
32,181 | The set of all homogeneous relations B ( X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}(X)} over a set X is the power set 2 X × X {\displaystyle 2^{X\times X}} which is a Boolean algebra augmented with the involution of mapping of a relation to its converse relation. Considering composition of relations as a binary operation on B (... | Functional relation | 0.80407 |
32,182 | However, the NuVinci is a variant on the "tilting-ball drive" type of continuously variable transmission (CVT), and the efficiency of "tilting-ball drive" type CVTs is typically in the range of 70% to 89%. However, its geometry does differ significantly from the Kopp type of tilting ball variator in the reference in th... | NuVinci Continuously Variable Transmission | 0.804067 |
32,183 | In order-theoretic mathematics, a series-parallel partial order is a partially ordered set built up from smaller series-parallel partial orders by two simple composition operations.The series-parallel partial orders may be characterized as the N-free finite partial orders; they have order dimension at most two. They in... | Series–parallel partial order | 0.804067 |
32,184 | This led to great success, such as the work of Gertrude Elion and George H. Hitchings on purine metabolism, the work of James Black on beta blockers and cimetidine, and the discovery of statins by Akira Endo. Another champion of the approach of developing chemical analogues of known active substances was Sir David Jack... | Reverse Pharmacology | 0.804065 |
32,185 | The idea that the effect of a drug in the human body is mediated by specific interactions of the drug molecule with biological macromolecules, (proteins or nucleic acids in most cases) led scientists to the conclusion that individual chemicals are required for the biological activity of the drug. This made for the begi... | Reverse Pharmacology | 0.804065 |
32,186 | Some drugs used in modern medicine have been discovered in animals or are based on compounds found in animals. For example, the anticoagulant drugs, hirudin and its synthetic congener, bivalirudin, are based on saliva chemistry of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Used to treat type 2 diabetes, exenatide was developed fro... | Reverse Pharmacology | 0.804065 |
32,187 | In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical librari... | Reverse Pharmacology | 0.804065 |
32,188 | The medical application to industrial microbiology is the production of new drugs synthesized in a specific organism for medical purposes. Production of antibiotics is necessary for the treatment of many bacterial infections. Some natural occurring antibiotics and precursors, are produced through a process called ferme... | Industrial microbiology | 0.804065 |
32,189 | Industrial microbiology is a branch of biotechnology that applies microbial sciences to create industrial products in mass quantities, often using microbial cell factories. There are multiple ways to manipulate a microorganism in order to increase maximum product yields. Introduction of mutations into an organism may b... | Industrial microbiology | 0.804065 |
32,190 | Joe Biden promises to introduce and transition to more energy-efficient buildings, increase generation of renewable energy by gradually moving away from the dependence of fracking and fossil fuels as energy sources in the US, transition the entire government fleet to 100% all-electric vehicles by the 2030s, and introdu... | EV Everywhere Challenge | 0.804064 |
32,191 | A more detailed analysis by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy over the same two-year introductory periods found that except for the initial months in the market, monthly sales of the Volt and the Leaf have been higher than the Prius HEV, and the Prius PHEV has outsold the regular Prius during its 8 m... | EV Everywhere Challenge | 0.804064 |
32,192 | In molecular biology, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family (eIF-4E) is a family of proteins that bind to the cap structure of eukaryotic cellular mRNAs. Members of this family recognise and bind the 7-methyl-guanosine-containing (m7Gppp) cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis ... | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family | 0.804062 |
32,193 | Generative models, which are based on deep learning algorithms to generate new responses word by word based on user input, are usually trained on a large dataset of natural-language phrases. Chatbots have difficulty managing non-linear conversations that must go back and forth on a topic with a user. As it happens usua... | Conversational AI | 0.804061 |
32,194 | The creation and implementation of chatbots is still a developing area, heavily related to artificial intelligence and machine learning, so the provided solutions, while possessing obvious advantages, have some important limitations in terms of functionalities and use cases. However, this is changing over time. The mos... | Conversational AI | 0.804061 |
32,195 | The Association for Automated Reasoning (AAR) is a non-profit corporation that serves as an association of researchers working on automated theorem proving, automated reasoning, and related fields. It organizes the CADE and IJCAR conferences and publishes a roughly quarterly newsletter. The website of the association i... | Association for Automated Reasoning | 0.80406 |
32,196 | The fourth report, The Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics, was released in 1991. The committee was chaired by John N. Bahcall. It recommended the launch of the "Space Infrared Telescope Facility", realized in 2003 as the Spitzer Space Telescope, the fourth and final in NASA's Great Observatories program. | Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey | 0.804059 |
32,197 | The first report, Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program, was released in 1964. The authoring committee was chaired by Albert Whitford. The report recommends construction of national observing facilities, including especially mid-sized ground-based optical telescopes. | Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey | 0.804059 |
32,198 | The third report, Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980s, was released in 1982. The committee was chaired by George B. Field. It recommended the launch of the "Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility", which was realized in 1999 as the Chandra X-ray Observatory. It also identified construction of the Very Long Baseline ... | Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey | 0.804059 |
32,199 | The sixth report, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, was released in 2010. The committee was chaired by Roger D. Blandford. Recommendations for scientific questions to be answered include: the nature of dark energy; the structure, distribution, and evolution of exoplanetary systems; detailed examin... | Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey | 0.804059 |
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