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7,200 | An answer of "yes" can be certified by exhibiting a factorization n = d(n/d) with d ≤ k. An answer of "no" can be certified by exhibiting the factorization of n into distinct primes, all larger than k; one can verify their primality using the AKS primality test, and then multiply them to obtain n. The fundamental theor... | Factoring problem | 0.823046 |
7,201 | Maxwell's theorem is the following statement about triangles in the plane. For a given triangle A B C {\displaystyle ABC} and a point V {\displaystyle V} not on the sides of that triangle construct a second triangle A ′ B ′ C ′ {\displaystyle A'B'C'} , such that the side A ′ B ′ {\displaystyle A'B'} is parallel to the ... | Maxwell's theorem (geometry) | 0.82304 |
7,202 | Pseudopotential Library: A community website for pseudopotentials/effective core potentials developed for high accuracy correlated many-body methods such as quantum Monte Carlo and quantum chemistry NNIN Virtual Vault for Pseudopotentials: This webpage maintained by the NNIN/C provides a searchable database of pseudopo... | Pseudopotential | 0.823025 |
7,203 | Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode is a type of nonlinear device very similar to a semiconductor diode and capable of very fast operation. Depending on the geometry and the material used for fabrication, the operation mechanisms are governed either by quantum tunnelling or thermal activation.In 1948, Torrey et al. state... | Metal–insulator–metal | 0.823017 |
7,204 | In particle physics, the radiation length is a characteristic of a material, related to the energy loss of high energy particles electromagnetically interacting with it. It is defined as the mean length (in cm) into the material at which the energy of an electron is reduced by the factor 1/e. | Radiation length | 0.823017 |
7,205 | Because games do not need to mimic actual physics, stability is not as much of an issue. Almost all games use a posteriori collision detection, and collisions are often resolved using very simple rules. For instance, if a character becomes embedded in a wall, they might be simply moved back to their last known good loc... | Collision detection | 0.823016 |
7,206 | Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting the intersection of two or more objects. Collision detection is a classic issue of computational geometry and has applications in various computing fields, primarily in computer graphics, computer games, computer simulations, robotics and computational physi... | Collision detection | 0.823016 |
7,207 | Video games have similar requirements, with some crucial differences. While computer simulation needs to simulate real-world physics as precisely as possible, computer games need to simulate real-world physics in an acceptable way, in real time and robustly. Compromises are allowed, so long as the resulting simulation ... | Collision detection | 0.823016 |
7,208 | In physical simulation, experiments such as playing billiards are conducted. The physics of bouncing billiard balls are well understood, under the umbrella of rigid body motion and elastic collisions. An initial description of the situation would be given, with a very precise physical description of the billiard table ... | Collision detection | 0.823016 |
7,209 | Because of their sequence similarity and operon structure, many two-component systems – particularly histidine kinases – are relatively easy to identify through bioinformatics analysis. (By contrast, eukaryotic kinases are typically easily identified, but they are not easily paired with their substrates.) A database of... | Two-component system | 0.823013 |
7,210 | In the field of molecular biology, a two-component regulatory system serves as a basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions. Two-component systems typically consist of a membrane-bound histidine kinase that senses a specific e... | Two-component system | 0.823013 |
7,211 | It may also be useful in sustainable energy: in 2022, researchers reported 3D-printed nano-"skyscraper" electrodes – albeit micro-scale, the pillars had nano-features of porosity due to printed metal nanoparticle inks – (nanotechnology) that house cyanobacteria for extracting substantially more sustainable bioenergy fr... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823012 |
7,212 | Natural evolution has optimized the "natural" form of nanobiology over millions of years. In the 21st century, humans have developed the technology to artificially tap into nanobiology. This process is best described as "organic merging with synthetic". | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,213 | While nanobiology is in its infancy, there are a lot of promising methods that may rely on nanobiology in the future. Biological systems are inherently nano in scale; nanoscience must merge with biology in order to deliver biomacromolecules and molecular machines that are similar to nature. Controlling and mimicking th... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,214 | The terms are often used interchangeably. When a distinction is intended, though, it is based on whether the focus is on applying biological ideas or on studying biology with nanotechnology. Bionanotechnology generally refers to the study of how the goals of nanotechnology can be guided by studying how biological "mach... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,215 | DNA nanotechnology is one important example of bionanotechnology. The utilization of the inherent properties of nucleic acids like DNA to create useful materials or devices – such as biosensors – is a promising area of modern research. DNA digital data storage refers mostly to the use of synthesized but otherwise conve... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,216 | The fact that metal-based nanoparticles have high surface-to-volume ratios makes them reactive or catalytic. Due to their small size, they are more likely to be able to penetrate biological barriers such as cell membranes and cause cellular dysfunction in living organisms. Indeed, the high toxicity of some transition m... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,217 | Artificial cellsArtificial cells such as synthetic red blood cells that have all or many of the natural cells' known broad natural properties and abilities could be used to load functional cargos such as hemoglobin, drugs, magnetic nanoparticles, and ATP biosensors which may enable additional non-native functionalities... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,218 | Nanobiotechnology may be useful for medicine formulation. "Precision antibiotics" has been proposed to make use of bacteriocin-mechanisms for targeted antibiotics. NanoparticlesNanoparticles are already widely used in medicine. | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,219 | Microorganisms can change the oxidation state of metals. These microbial processes have opened up new opportunities for us to explore novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials. In contrast to chemical and physical methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be achieved... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,220 | New nanotools are often made by refining the applications of the nanotools that are already being used. The imaging of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major topic for nanobiology researchers. Other topics concerning nanobiology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the applica... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,221 | However, as with nanotechnology and biotechnology, bionanotechnology does have many potential ethical issues associated with it. The most important objectives that are frequently found in nanobiology involve applying nanotools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,222 | Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. This discipline helps to indic... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,223 | For example, DNA nanotechnology or cellular engineering would be classified as bionanotechnology because they involve working with biomolecules on the nanoscale. Conversely, many new medical technologies involving nanoparticles as delivery systems or as sensors would be examples of nanobiotechnology since they involve ... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,224 | Broadly, bionanotechnology can be distinguished from nanobiotechnology in that it refers to nanotechnology that makes use of biological materials/components – it could in principle or does alternatively use abiotic components. It plays a smaller role in medicine (which is concerned with biological organisms). It makes ... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,225 | Applications of bionanotechnology are extremely widespread. Insofar as the distinction holds, nanobiotechnology is much more commonplace in that it simply provides more tools for the study of biology. Bionanotechnology, on the other hand, promises to recreate biological mechanisms and pathways in a form that is useful ... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,226 | "Nanoantennas" made out of DNA – a novel type of nano-scale optical antenna – can be attached to proteins and produce a signal via fluorescence when these perform their biological functions, in particular for their distinct conformational changes. This could be used for further nanobiotechnology such as various types o... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,227 | Protein folding studies provide a third important avenue of research, but one that has been largely inhibited by our inability to predict protein folding with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy. Given the myriad uses that biological systems have for proteins, though, research into understanding protein folding is o... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,228 | This technical approach to biology allows scientists to imagine and create systems that can be used for biological research. Biologically inspired nanotechnology uses biological systems as the inspirations for technologies not yet created. | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,229 | Nanobiotechnology (sometimes referred to as nanobiology) in medicine may be best described as helping modern medicine progress from treating symptoms to generating cures and regenerating biological tissues. Three American patients have received whole cultured bladders with the help of doctors who use nanobiology techni... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,230 | Nanobiotechnology takes most of its fundamentals from nanotechnology. Most of the devices designed for nano-biotechnological use are directly based on other existing nanotechnologies. Nanobiotechnology is often used to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors, particularly where ... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,231 | Most of the scientific concepts in bionanotechnology are derived from other fields. Biochemical principles that are used to understand the material properties of biological systems are central in bionanotechnology because those same principles are to be used to create new technologies. Material properties and applicati... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,232 | Lipid nanotechnology is another major area of research in bionanotechnology, where physico-chemical properties of lipids such as their antifouling and self-assembly is exploited to build nanodevices with applications in medicine and engineering. Lipid nanotechnology approaches can also be used to develop next-generatio... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,233 | In the agriculture industry, engineered nanoparticles have been serving as nano carriers, containing herbicides, chemicals, or genes, which target particular plant parts to release their content.Previously nanocapsules containing herbicides have been reported to effectively penetrate through cuticles and tissues, allow... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.823011 |
7,234 | Soon after the discovery of restriction endonucleases and ligases, the field of genetics began using these molecular tools to assemble artificial sequences from smaller fragments of synthetic or naturally occurring DNA. The advantage in using the recombinatory approach as opposed to continual DNA synthesis stems from t... | Synthetic genomes | 0.823006 |
7,235 | A software engineering corporation found that employees using the Pomodoro Method saw a decrease in their work flow interruptions and an increase in their satisfaction. by being mindful of wasted time during study, students can increase their learning productivity.Journaling can help students increase their academic pe... | Study Skills | 0.823005 |
7,236 | Statistics in Biosciences is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Chinese Statistical Association. It covers the development and application of statistical methods and their interface with other quantitative methods, suc... | Statistics in Biosciences | 0.823 |
7,237 | In organic chemistry, the carbon number of a compound is the number of carbon atoms in each molecule. The properties of hydrocarbons can be correlated with the carbon number, although the carbon number alone does not give an indication of the saturation of the organic compound. When describing a particular molecule, th... | Carbon number | 0.822994 |
7,238 | In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, a linearly ordered or totally ordered group is a group G equipped with a total order "≤" that is translation-invariant. This may have different meanings. We say that (G, ≤) is a: left-ordered group if ≤ is left-invariant, that is a ≤ b implies ca ≤ cb for all a, b, c in G,... | Totally ordered abelian group | 0.822994 |
7,239 | A symplectomorphism is an isomorphism of symplectic manifolds. A permutation is an automorphism of a set. In geometry, isomorphisms and automorphisms are often called transformations, for example rigid transformations, affine transformations, projective transformations.Category theory, which can be viewed as a formaliz... | Isomorphism (algebra) | 0.822992 |
7,240 | The term isomorphism is mainly used for algebraic structures. In this case, mappings are called homomorphisms, and a homomorphism is an isomorphism if and only if it is bijective. In various areas of mathematics, isomorphisms have received specialized names, depending on the type of structure under consideration. | Isomorphism (algebra) | 0.822992 |
7,241 | For example, for every prime number p, all fields with p elements are canonically isomorphic, with a unique isomorphism. The isomorphism theorems provide canonical isomorphisms that are not unique. | Isomorphism (algebra) | 0.822992 |
7,242 | In a concrete category (roughly, a category whose objects are sets (perhaps with extra structure) and whose morphisms are structure-preserving functions), such as the category of topological spaces or categories of algebraic objects (like the category of groups, the category of rings, and the category of modules), an i... | Isomorphism (algebra) | 0.822992 |
7,243 | In theoretical physics, the superpotential is a function in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Given a superpotential, two "partner potentials" are derived that can each serve as a potential in the Schrödinger equation. The partner potentials have the same spectrum, apart from a possible eigenvalue of zero, meaning that... | Superpotential | 0.822983 |
7,244 | We may call such a function W, the superpotential. The fact that W is holomorphic in the chiral superfields helps explain why supersymmetric theories are relatively tractable, as it allows one to use powerful mathematical tools from complex analysis. Indeed, it is known that W receives no perturbative corrections, a re... | Superpotential | 0.822983 |
7,245 | Consider a one-dimensional, non-relativistic particle with a two state internal degree of freedom called "spin". (This is not quite the usual notion of spin encountered in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, because "real" spin applies only to particles in three-dimensional space.) Let b and its Hermitian adjoint b† sig... | Superpotential | 0.822983 |
7,246 | The history and credit for the fundamental theorem is complicated by the fact that it was proven when group theory was not well-established, and thus early forms, while essentially the modern result and proof, are often stated for a specific case. Briefly, an early form of the finite case was proven by Gauss in 1801, t... | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,247 | Then, F is also free abelian. Since tG is finitely generated and each element of tG has finite order, tG is finite. By the basis theorem for finite abelian group, tG can be written as direct sum of primary cyclic groups. | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,248 | The values of n, q1, ..., qt are (up to rearranging the indices) uniquely determined by G, that is, there is one and only one way to represent G as such a decomposition. The proof of this statement uses the basis theorem for finite abelian group: every finite abelian group is a direct sum of primary cyclic groups. Deno... | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,249 | Another group-theoretic formulation was given by Kronecker's student Eugen Netto in 1882.The fundamental theorem for finitely presented abelian groups was proven by Henry John Stephen Smith in (Smith 1861), as integer matrices correspond to finite presentations of abelian groups (this generalizes to finitely presented ... | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,250 | ... it took a long time to formulate and prove the fundamental theorem in its present form ... The fundamental theorem for finite abelian groups was proven by Leopold Kronecker in 1870, using a group-theoretic proof, though without stating it in group-theoretic terms; a modern presentation of Kronecker's proof is given... | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,251 | Stated differently the fundamental theorem says that a finitely generated abelian group is the direct sum of a free abelian group of finite rank and a finite abelian group, each of those being unique up to isomorphism. The finite abelian group is just the torsion subgroup of G. The rank of G is defined as the rank of t... | Finitely generated abelian group | 0.822969 |
7,252 | Pattern Recognition in Physics was an open-access journal originally published by Copernicus Publications which was established in March 2013 and terminated in January 2014. The editors-in-chief were Sid-Ali Ouadfeul (Algerian Petroleum Institute) and Nils-Axel Mörner. Copernicus ceased its publication due to concerns ... | Pattern Recognition in Physics | 0.822968 |
7,253 | Naked extracellular DNA (eDNA), most of it released by cell death, is nearly ubiquitous in the environment. Its concentration in soil may be as high as 2 μg/L, and its concentration in natural aquatic environments may be as high at 88 μg/L. Various possible functions have been proposed for eDNA: it may be involved in h... | Double-stranded DNA | 0.822965 |
7,254 | The problem of choosing the best subset of input variables can be naturally formulated under a penalization framework as: min w ∈ R d 1 n ∑ i = 1 n V ( y i , w , x i ) + λ ‖ w ‖ 0 , {\displaystyle \min _{w\in \mathbb {R} ^{d}}{\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}V(y_{i},w,x_{i})+\lambda \|w\|_{0},} Where ‖ w ‖ 0 {\displaystyle... | Best subset selection | 0.822963 |
7,255 | The objective function using group lasso consists of an error function, which is generally required to be convex but not necessarily strongly convex, and a group ℓ 1 {\displaystyle \ell _{1}} regularization term. An issue with this objective function is that it is convex but not necessarily strongly convex, and thus ge... | Best subset selection | 0.822963 |
7,256 | Structured sparsity regularization methods generalize and extend sparsity regularization methods, by allowing for optimal selection over structures like groups or networks of input variables in X {\displaystyle X} .Common motivation for the use of structured sparsity methods are model interpretability, high-dimensional... | Best subset selection | 0.822963 |
7,257 | Proximal gradient methods, also called forward-backward splitting, are optimization methods useful for minimizing functions with a convex and differentiable component, and a convex potentially non-differentiable component. As such, proximal gradient methods are useful for solving sparsity and structured sparsity regula... | Best subset selection | 0.822963 |
7,258 | The analysis of the genomic features of ancient pathogen genomes allows researchers to understand the evolution of modern microbial strains that can hypothetically generate new pandemics or outbreaks. The analysis of aDNA is carried out by bioinformatic tools and molecular biology techniques to compare ancient pathogen... | Ancient pathogen genomics | 0.822962 |
7,259 | This program lets the researchers align the extracted sequences with a reference without specifying a precise target. The researchers performed MALT run two times: one using the complete bacterial genomes that were available through NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) RefSeq as a reference, and the sec... | Ancient pathogen genomics | 0.822962 |
7,260 | A series of 16th epidemics in Mexico, called the "huey cocoliztli" in the native Nahuatl language, caused high mortality in indigenous Aztec population, leading to demographic collapse. These epidemics are considered among the worst epidemics in the history of Mexico and the causes have remained a mystery for over 500 ... | Ancient pathogen genomics | 0.822962 |
7,261 | All references, complete bacterial genomes, are contained in a database called National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) RefSeq. MALT consists of two programs: malt-build and malt-run. Malt-build is used to construct an index for the given database of reference sequences. | Ancient pathogen genomics | 0.822962 |
7,262 | They also allow the designer to dimension the ship or structure so it will hold up to the most extreme sea states it will likely be subjected to (based on sea state statistics). Additionally, RAOs are amplitude operators which enables to determine amplitude of motion based on a unitary wave. They are superposable, thus... | Response amplitude operator | 0.822961 |
7,263 | In the field of ship design and design of other floating structures, a response amplitude operator (RAO) is an engineering statistic, or set of such statistics, that are used to determine the likely behavior of a ship when operating at sea. Known by the acronym of RAO, response amplitude operators are usually obtained ... | Response amplitude operator | 0.822961 |
7,264 | The mission, developed by the University of Colorado Boulder in 1994, was selected among 66 proposals to be one of the six pre-selected satellites of the program. In February 1995, the satellite was selected along with TERRIERS of Boston University and CATSAT of the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. SNOE w... | Student Nitric Oxide Explorer | 0.822958 |
7,265 | It was launched, on 26 February 1998 at 07:07 UTC by an Orbital Sciences Corporation's Stargazer and a Pegasus-XL launch vehicle, into a Sun-synchronous circular orbit, along with the Teledesic T1 satellite, at 535–580 km (332–360 mi) altitude and 97.70° inclination. It span at 5 rpm with the spin axis normal to the or... | Student Nitric Oxide Explorer | 0.822958 |
7,266 | Reactivity is a somewhat vague concept in chemistry. It appears to embody both thermodynamic factors and kinetic factors—i.e., whether or not a substance reacts, and how fast it reacts. Both factors are actually distinct, and both commonly depend on temperature. For example, it is commonly asserted that the reactivity ... | Chemical reactivity | 0.822957 |
7,267 | The second meaning of 'reactivity', that of whether or not a substance reacts, can be rationalised at the atomic and molecular level using older and simpler valence bond theory and also atomic and molecular orbital theory. Thermodynamically, a chemical reaction occurs because the products (taken as a group) are at a lo... | Chemical reactivity | 0.822957 |
7,268 | SLRT applies whenever the driving is strong enough such that relaxation to the steady state is slow compared with the driven dynamics. Yet one assumes that the system can be modeled as a resistor network, mathematically expressed as G = ] {\displaystyle G=]} . The notation ] {\displaystyle ]} stands for the usual ele... | Semilinear response | 0.822955 |
7,269 | 300 BCE. There are limited surviving examples of ancient Egyptian algebraic problems. They appear in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (MMP) and in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP), among others. | Egyptian algebra | 0.822949 |
7,270 | In the history of mathematics, Egyptian algebra, as that term is used in this article, refers to algebra as it was developed and used in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptian mathematics as discussed here spans a time period ranging from c. 3000 BCE to c. | Egyptian algebra | 0.822949 |
7,271 | If the impurity ion is bigger than the regular ion, the displacement arises because of different covalency of the chemical bonds with the nearest neighbors for the impurity and regular ions.Off-center position of substitutional ions was first discovered in lithium-doped KCl by two groups of American physicists in 1965.... | Off-center ions | 0.822949 |
7,272 | The real part of the Schrödinger equation in polar form yields a modified Hamilton–Jacobi equation ∂ S ∂ t = − , {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial S}{\partial t}}=-\left,} also referred to as quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation. It differs from the classical Hamilton–Jacobi equation only by the term This term Q {\displayst... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,273 | Using these terms, they reconstruct the results of quantum mechanics without depending on a particular representation in terms of a wave function nor requiring reference to an external Hilbert space. Consistent with earlier results, the quantum potential of a non-relativistic particle with spin (Pauli particle) is show... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,274 | B. Hiley and R. E. Callaghan re-interpret the role of the Bohm model and its notion of quantum potential in the framework of Clifford algebra, taking account of recent advances that include the work of David Hestenes on spacetime algebra. They show how, within a nested hierarchy of Clifford algebras C ℓ i , j {\display... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,275 | M. R. Brown and B. Hiley showed that, as alternative to its formulation terms of configuration space ( x {\displaystyle x} -space), the quantum potential can also be formulated in terms of momentum space ( p {\displaystyle p} -space).In line with David Bohm's approach, Basil Hiley and mathematician Maurice de Gosson sh... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,276 | Davide Fiscaletti: About the Different Approaches to Bohm's Quantum Potential in Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Matter, Volume 3, Number 3, June 2014, pp. 177–199(23), doi:10.1166/qm.2014.1113. Ignazio Licata, Davide Fiscaletti (with a foreword by B.J. Hiley): Quantum potential: Physics, Geometry and Algeb... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,277 | Bohm, as well as other physicists after him, have sought to provide evidence that the Born rule linking R {\displaystyle R} to the probability density function ρ = R 2 {\displaystyle \rho =R^{2}\quad } can be understood, in a pilot wave formulation, as not representing a basic law, but rather a theorem (called quantum ... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,278 | Holland pointed out that, while efforts have been made to determine a Hermitian position operator that would allow an interpretation of configuration space quantum field theory, in particular using the Newton–Wigner localization approach, but that no connection with possibilities for an empirical determination of posit... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,279 | He emphasized however that to give the Klein–Gordon theory a single-particle interpretation in terms of trajectories, as can be done for nonrelativistic Schrödinger quantum mechanics, would lead to unacceptable inconsistencies. For instance, wave functions ψ ( x , t ) {\displaystyle \psi (\mathbf {x} ,t)} that are solu... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,280 | Bohm and Hiley demonstrated that the non-locality of quantum theory can be understood as limit case of a purely local theory, provided the transmission of active information is allowed to be greater than the speed of light, and that this limit case yields approximations to both quantum theory and relativity.The quantum... | Quantum potential | 0.822948 |
7,281 | Snap, or jounce, is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: In civil engineerin... | Fourth, fifth, and sixth derivatives of position | 0.822944 |
7,282 | In physics, the fourth, fifth and sixth derivatives of position are defined as derivatives of the position vector with respect to time – with the first, second, and third derivatives being velocity, acceleration, and jerk, respectively. The higher-order derivatives are less common than the first three, thus their names... | Fourth, fifth, and sixth derivatives of position | 0.822944 |
7,283 | Machine learning can be applied in order to relate the gene expression data to the morphological and electrophysiological data. Methods for doing so include autoencoders, bottleneck networks, or other rank reduction methods. Including morphological data has proven to be challenging as it is a computer vision task, a no... | Patch-sequencing | 0.82294 |
7,284 | In time it was found that application of enzymatic solutions enabled recordings in brain slices as well. Neuroscience often requires concordant observation of electrophysiological dynamics and behavior to test the relationship between psychological theories and their underlying biology. Achieving this with the delicate... | Patch-sequencing | 0.82294 |
7,285 | Comparison of proteomics with transcriptomics has shown that transcriptional data does not necessarily translate into the same protein expression and likewise having the ability to look at the ground truth of a neuron's phenotype from classical classification methods combined with transcriptomic data is important for n... | Patch-sequencing | 0.82294 |
7,286 | Patch-seq integrative dataset allows for a comprehensive characterization of cell types, particularly in neurons. Neuroscientists have applied this technique to a variety of experiments and protocols to discover new cell subtypes based on correlations between transcriptomic data and neuronal morpho-electric properties.... | Patch-sequencing | 0.82294 |
7,287 | This would enable study of epigenetics in patch-seq experiments. Likewise separating out proteins would be useful for judging protein abundances allowing for integration with proteomics. CRISPR could be included in the pipette and injected during recording to examine the effects of mutation at the single cell level. | Patch-sequencing | 0.82294 |
7,288 | Disordered geometry and projection patterns has been linked to a diverse set of psychiatric and neurological conditions including autism and schizophrenia though the behavioral relevance of these phenotypes is not yet understood. Neuronal cell types appeared to often vary continuously between each other. Previous attem... | Patch-sequencing | 0.822939 |
7,289 | The types of synapses formed between neurons axons and dendrites are equally important as well. For instance in the cortical microcircuit of the mammalian cortex, portrayed to the right, cells have highly specific projection patterns both within the local circuit as well as for input and output from and to other cortic... | Patch-sequencing | 0.822939 |
7,290 | Morphological reconstruction via digital imaging is another limitation of the technique with pass rates often lower than 50%. The proper integration of the massive number of images with high quantities of noise, and the structural disruption caused by nucleus extraction, makes it a computational challenge in neuroscien... | Patch-sequencing | 0.822939 |
7,291 | Neuron shape and structure, such as dendritic/axonal arborization, axonal geometry, synaptic contacts and soma location, is used for neuronal type classification. In acute slice preparations or in vivo the laminar position is noted as it has important functional consequences as well. The staining by biotin is performed... | Patch-sequencing | 0.822939 |
7,292 | Open Life Sciences is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all areas of the life sciences. It was established in 2006 as the Central European Journal of Biology and co-published by Versita and Springer Science+Business Media. It obtained its current title in 2014 when it was moved completely to the D... | Open Life Sciences | 0.822939 |
7,293 | Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids is a monthly academic journal published by Taylor & Francis since 2000, continuing the earlier Nucleosides and Nucleotides in series. It discusses topics relating to the biochemistry of molecules in these classes. | Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids | 0.822915 |
7,294 | Computational chemistry – use of numerical methods to probe the structure and dynamical equilibrium in biological systems. Cryobiology – Dual Polarisation Interferometry – analytical technique used to measure the real-time conformation and activity of a wide range of biomolecules and their interactions. Electrophysiolo... | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
7,295 | Biophysical techniques – methods used for gaining information about biological systems on an atomic or molecular level. They overlap with methods from many other branches of science. Biophotonics – combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and det... | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
7,296 | American Crystallographic Association Biophysical Society Biophysical Society of Canada European Biophysical Societies' Association Indian Biophysical Society Institute of Biophysics (Chinese Academy of Sciences) International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics International Union of Crystallography National Institu... | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
7,297 | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biophysics: Biophysics – interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physics to study biological systems. | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
7,298 | Agrophysics Biochemistry Biophysical chemistry Bioengineering Biogeophysics Nanotechnology Systems biology | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
7,299 | Molecular biophysics Biological membranes Cell membranes Bioenergetics Channels, receptors and transporters Enzyme kinetics Molecular motors Phospholipids Proteins Biofilms Supramolecular assemblies Nucleic acids | Biophysical techniques | 0.822912 |
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