text stringlengths 222 548k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 95 values | url stringlengths 14 7.09k | file_path stringlengths 110 155 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 53 113k | score float64 2.52 5.03 | int_score int64 3 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
By the end of 18 months
By the end of 18 months, your child might:
- Point to an object or picture when it's named
- Recognize names of familiar people, objects and body parts
- Follow simple directions accompanied by gestures
- Say as many as eight to 10 words
By the end of 24 months
By the end of 24 months, your child might:
- Use simple phrases, such as "more milk"
- Ask one- to two-word questions, such as "Go bye-bye?"
- Follow simple commands without the help of gestures
- Speak at least 50 words
When to check with your child's doctor
Talk to your child's doctor if your child hasn't mastered most of the speech and language development milestones for his or her age or you're concerned about any aspect of your child's development. Speech delays occur for many reasons, including hearing loss and developmental disorders. Depending on the circumstances, your child's doctor might refer your child to a hearing specialist (audiologist) or a speech-language pathologist.
In the meantime, talk to your child about what you're doing and where you're going. Sing songs and read together. Teach your child to imitate actions, such as clapping, and to say animal sounds. Practice counting. Show your child that you're pleased when he or she speaks. Listen to your child's sounds and repeat them back to him or her. These steps can encourage your child's speech and language development.
Mar. 09, 2013
See more In-depth
- Speech and language developmental milestones. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/speechandlanguage.aspx. Accessed Dec. 19, 2012.
- Birth to one year: What should my child be able to do? American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/01.htm. Accessed Jan. 9, 2013.
- One to two years: What should my child be able to do? American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/12.htm. Accessed Jan. 9, 2013.
- Child speech and language. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildSandL.htm. Accessed Jan. 9, 2013.
- Shelov SP, et al. Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5. 5th ed. New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books; 2009:200.
- McInerny TK, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009:354.
- Berkowitz CD. Berkowitz's Pediatrics: A Primary Care Approach. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012. http://ebooks.aap.org/product/berkowitzs-pediatrics-primary-care-approach-4th-edition. Accessed Dec. 19, 2012.
- Duffy JR (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 9, 2013. | <urn:uuid:04caa887-31d2-4849-a9c7-e6c622b68901> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/language-development/art-20045163?pg=2&footprints=mine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500816424.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021336-00101-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897793 | 687 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Decision Theory: Decision Models
What is a decision? Simply put, it is a choice between a number of different options, each of which lead to some expected outcome. You can visualize a decision using what I call a Decision Model which are really just Flow charts. You have probably used Flow charts in the past to capture processes, which is exactly what we need for our decision making process! For example, the following is a very generic decision model:
Decision models help you capture all the information you need in order to make an optimal decision:
- Enumeration of all possible choices.
- Understanding of the result of each choice.
- Understanding of the eventual outcomes.
Decision models make it easy to visualize all three of these. For example, let’s say we need to decide if we should hire another salesperson for our sales team. If we do hire the salesperson, it will cost some money (salary) in the short-term but likely lead to more sales in 6 months. That decision may look as follows:
As you can see, a decision model is just an easy way to make sure you understand all the options and outcomes for a decision by forcing you to write it down. You would never do this for every decision, but for the most important ones it’s a critical tool.
Tomorrow we’ll talk about how to understand outcomes when there is uncertainty involved, which is almost always the case in real life!
Quote of the Day: “In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is.” ― Yogi Berra | <urn:uuid:f9454b2c-ac5f-4d26-8542-dc4c5da10e1c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://outlier.ai/2017/01/17/decision-theory-decision-models/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824675.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021081004-20171021101004-00188.warc.gz | en | 0.935015 | 336 | 3.390625 | 3 |
ATB Financial wanted a visual summary of Alberta's industrial history in an artwork, from First Nation's peoples fishing to modern oil and gas. The painting is used as a reminder of the institution's blue-collar clientele; that regular working people built the province to what it is today.
Fist Nations peoples utilized Alberta resources long before Europeans arrived, like this painting of a spring fishing camp, where walleye and pike are caught and prepared with stone tools at a northern stream. Fish that are not cooked or smoked are placed on wood racks to dry in the sun, while nearby two people seal a birch bark canoe with spruce pitch and bitumen.
A farmer operates a steam driven threshing machine, with a water barrel nearby for fire prevention, in a threshing operation on a family farm at the turn of the century in Alberta. In the background of the painting a crew of farmhands is briefly relieved of their hard work pitching sheaves, raking grain, and other wheat harvest jobs.
A giant Caterpillar 797 dump truck works in the Alberta oil sands. In the background the Suncor oil sands upgrader plant is painted with thick red, blue, yellow and orange paint at sunrise.
A pair of Alberta coal miners are painted mining a coal seem by hand, with pick axe and wheelbarrow. The painting then blends into a logging crew floating a log boom down river (known as log driving); the loggers standing on the logs they're working in cork boots, with peaveys and pike poles.
Modern farming combine harvesters combine reaping, threshing, and winnowing into a single process as they harvest wheat fields at the top of the painting. Combines have been called one of the world's most important labour saving inventions, reducing the population working in agriculture.
On a cold day 70 years ago in Devon, Alberta, a drilling crew at the Leduc No. 1 well hit a rich oil deposit that forever changed Alberta. Leduc No. 1 was important for a painting about Alberta's industries, as it was a major economic event that led to Canada being the tenth largest oil producing nation. | <urn:uuid:5e0b7481-d1c0-4aa1-9289-44132ce7d74c> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://krisfriesen.com/alberta-industry-paintings/albertas-industry-history-painting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481249.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216230700-20190217012700-00229.warc.gz | en | 0.958919 | 443 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Canada Day 2020 will celebrate 153 years of the Great White North, commemorating the day when three separate British territories, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec) joined together under one flag. Called Confederation, this marked the beginning of what was to become the world’s second largest country by land, and the place we are all lucky to call home.
Over the year’s Canada has come to define its place in the world as a cultural leader, a technological innovator, and a place immigrants from around the world can settle in and find success and community. We define winter sports, politeness, and sweet syrup that comes from trees. But there’s a lot to be proud of as a Canadian that we sometimes forget in favour of the clichés.
This July 1st, we have a great opportunity to reflect on aspects of Canada we can be truly proud of. Here are four reasons to celebrate being Canadian.
1. We’re Consistently Near the Top of the Global Happiness Index
Every year, the World Happiness Report ranks countries based on how “happy” their citizens are. The report looks at factors like levels of GDP, life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom, and corruption, and asks people to rank themselves on a scale from least happy to most happy.
In 2020, Canada ranked a respectable 11th out of 157 countries, but traditionally we fall within the top 10 -- in 2019 we were 9th! In contrast, our neighbours to the south were a rather distant 18th. Given how close our countries are, both in proximity and in economic relations, it’s clear that there are some special factors impacting Canadian contentment.
While measuring a country’s happiness is far from an exact science, it really goes a long way in demonstrating how the place you live impacts your perception of wellbeing. In Canada’s case, we’re consistently one of the best.
2. We Celebrate Diversity Like Few Countries on Earth
Canada is proud to be among the most diverse countries on earth and boast the economic benefits that come with that. But what does diversity mean? According to the Global Diversity Index, released by Rickshaw Travel, diversity can be measured by factors like level of ethnic diversity, the number of immigrants, number of languages spoken and other factors.
In 2019, Canada placed 7th on this list -- making us the only country in North America to place in the top 10. In fact, only one country in Europe (Belgium) placed ahead of us. Across the country, Canada has become a home for immigrants from many different cultures and continues to be a place people from around the world can be proud to call home.
Diversity brings with it wonderful music, delicious food, and new neighbours to learn new experiences from. But it also has a wonderful economic impact which also boosts Canada to one of the wealthiest countries on earth. According to the Financial Post.
“Immigrants are a necessary component to achieve economic growth and keep taxpayer-funded systems such as pensions and health care stable and balanced.”
Our commitment to diversity means our country can continue to grow and prosper and become an even better home to immigrants and born-and-raised Canadians alike.
3. We Produce Amazingly Talented People
Even though Canada is a relatively small country (in population size, that is), the number of globally famous Canadians is truly staggering. From a literary perspective, there are few authors more noteworthy still writing than Margaret Atwood, whose Handmaid's Tale book has been adapted into a critically acclaimed TV show, or Michael Ondaatje, author of the English Patient which was made into a Best Picture Oscar winning film.
In music, Canadians have made an enormous impact, producing some of the most brilliant folk musicians like Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchel and Gordon Lightfoot. We also consistently top the charts, with superstars like Drake incorporating themes of Canada -- notably Toronto -- into many of his hit songs. Canada can also be credited as the birthplace movie stars old and young, from Christopher Plummer to Seth Rogan, Rachel McAdams and Ryan Reynolds.
There must be something in our (ample) fresh water, eh?
4. We’re a Pretty Peaceful Place to Live
It’s impossible for any country to be truly without crime, and Canada is no exception. But when it comes to violent crime, and more broadly violence in general, Canada is actually ranked among the most peaceful countries in the world. In fact, according to the 2019 Global Peace Index, Canada is the 6th most peaceful country on Earth, behind only Iceland, New Zealand, Portugal, Austria and Denmark.
Being a peaceful place has a lot of positive impacts on a country according to the report, which notes that violence, including militarization and ongoing conflicts, tends to have negative economic impacts, negative impacts on length of life, and generally has long-term negative consequences for the people who live there.
While we might be the sixth most peaceful place in the world, we are by far the most peaceful place in North America. Comparatively, Mexico came in 140th and the United States placed 128th. Canada really seems like the place to be if you want to live peacefully in North America.
Canada Day 2020 marks 153 years since Confederation -- a long time for this country to grow, improve and become the great place we have the privilege of living in today. And while like any place, there is always room for improvement, there are plenty of reasons to be proud of our home.
Please don't forget to "like" and "follow" us on Facebook | <urn:uuid:df81a4c5-ebce-4d97-a65b-2a22c3f7aeeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://new.hearttohomemeals.ca/Blog/4-Reasons-to-Be-Proud-of-Canada-for-Canada-Day-202 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303512.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121162107-20220121192107-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.947711 | 1,169 | 2.609375 | 3 |
In this post we are going to discuss about the changes to latest technology & tools. Every year new technologies are making our life exciting & also challenging to adapt with.
Main purpose of this post to focus on, is it wise to make myself updated with the latest technology to implement using latest tools?
let’s get clarified. First let’s take a look on Technology definition from Wikipedia.
Technology: Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. -Wikipedia
Tools: A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal. –Wikipedia.
Simply the knowledge of constructing, obtaining and using tools is technology. We can also say that, Technology is the development and use of basic tools.
Day by day technologies are updating as well as the tools are also updating to implement those thought, thus we can achieve our desired goal.
Changes of Technologies: Choosing the right tool in the right time to implement the latest technology is important. There is no option to blame the technology or tools if you are unable to use them. It’s your fault that you are unable to make yourself updated with the time.
If we draw an example of Nokia the giant mobile manufacturer gone down due to
- Slow response at latest trends as apple touch screen smartphone launched,
- Old software development model.
- Symbian OS
It was too late for Nokia to come back & sold itself to Microsoft.
Nokia Old Phone, main purposed to make a phone call.
Nokia Latest Smartphone, main purposed to improve user experience with attractive new features including make a phone call.
Notice that the basic thing are same to make a phone call but the updated technology make the real difference here. Everybody knows the business of a phone call, over the year the business process is same but the technology is changed, new features added for better user experiences.
There were 170,000 people working in KODAK companies and 85% of the world’s photo papers used to make this company. Now Kodak companies have become bankrupt due to digital photography!
Conclusion: You may have lot’s of example in real-time who has disappear from market due to lazy thought. Changes is life, stay up to date by updating yourself with the latest trends. Think about how to get best out of latest changes. If you are an IT person learn new tools to implement new technologies & develop application for latest platform.
Hope this will help 🙂 | <urn:uuid:0bdc51a7-af5c-41f6-977d-41cd82e2749b> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://shashangka.com/2017/11/16/changes-of-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944606.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323003026-20230323033026-00096.warc.gz | en | 0.934883 | 539 | 2.609375 | 3 |
It’s tough trying to get your teen to talk. Science has shown that the teenager’s brain has yet to fully develop the frontal cortex, which is the area that controls our ability to reason, and to think before we act. As your teen’s brain develops, they’re also learning new things about themselves and their surrounding world; simultaneously, they’re dealing with hormonal changes out of their control.
For all of these reasons and more, it can be difficult to find ways to talk to your teen, or to get them to talk to you. Although it’s difficult, it’s not impossible; read on to find five ways to get your teenager to talk to you.
Learn to Listen
Take the time to listen to your teenager when they want to talk. Instead of saying you’ll talk to them later, step away from what you’re doing and listen to what they have to say. Don’t talk, interrupt or be quick to offer advice; just listen. Kids have thoughts and experiences that their parents don’t know about, and the best time to listen to them is when they’re asking to talk to you.
Put Yourself in Their Shoes
As you listen to your teen, your knee jerk response may be to quickly resolve their issue, offer advice or maybe even dismiss their complaints or opinions. Put yourself in your teen’s shoes; think about how you would feel if your spouse responded to you the way you respond to them.
Watch for Signs
Everyone has a desire to be heard and understood. As you talk to your teen, mirror back to them what you hear them saying. Watch for signs that they’re not being heard or understood by you. They might roll their eyes, shake their head, wave their hand at you or interrupt. When they’re nodding and/or silent, you’ll know you’ve understood.
Ask Specific Questions
Ask your teen specific questions rather than general “how was your day?” questions. Ask questions about a friend you know by name. Ask about a sport they participate in or a teacher they like. Ask open ended questions such as, “What was Mr. Burton’s class like today?”, or “What was the best thing that happened today? What was the worst thing?”
Location, Location, Location
When and where you try to talk to your teen matters. One of the worst times to talk to kids is after school. Just like you do after work, they need wind-down time. Instead, ask questions around the dinner table. It’s casual, and there’s no pressure for eye contact. The car is another great place to talk to your teen (unless their friends are in the back seat); they feel more comfortable because you’re not looking at them.
If you’re having difficulty communicating with your teenager and need some help and guidance, a licensed mental health professional can help. Call my office today and let’s set up a time to talk. | <urn:uuid:7af077d7-191f-4de7-8f48-20dfb5b8de97> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://mlhpsychology.com/5-ways-to-get-your-teenager-to-talk-to-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668787.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20191117041351-20191117065351-00555.warc.gz | en | 0.973894 | 645 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Alcohol, Drugs and Staying Safe
Key Stage 3, Key Stage 4
This lesson plan amalgamates the Public Health England Rise Above materials on alcohol with bespoke materials provided by Avon & Somerset Police. It also looks at the factors that lead to experimentation with alcohol and drugs.
Key Stage 3, Key Stage 4
In 2017, the Home Office, National Crime Agency, the National Police Chief’s Council, the Children’s Society and Victim Support, as well as a number of smaller, individual organisations have all released new guidance on approaching the . . .
Drug and alcohol education
Key Stage 1, Key Stage 2, Key Stage 3, Key Stage 4
The PSHE Association drug and alcohol schemes of work for key stages 1-4 have been developed for Public Health England. This pack includes lesson plans and resources for each key stage — with knowledge organisers included — as well as a . . .
Not In Our Community: Grooming and Exploitation
Key Stage 2, Key Stage 3, Key Stage 4, Higher Education
Developed with young people, Not In Our Community means working together to protect against grooming and exploitation. This website contains education resources for year 6 students and above. Includes county lines materials
Children as young as six are being forced to carry and sell drugs far away from their homes. They are made to skip school, sleep in drug dens, keep secrets from their loved ones. They are treated as criminals when they often feel trapped in a hopeless situation.
County Lines (Fearless)
County Lines is a very serious issue where criminal gangs set up a drug dealing operation in a place outside their usual operating area. Gangs will move their drug dealing from big cities (e.g. London, Manchester, Liverpool etc.) to smaller towns in order to make more money. This can have a really big effect on the community who live there and bring with it serious criminal behaviour.
Not In Our Community
Developed with young people, Not In Our Community means working together to protect against grooming and exploitation. Not In Our Community is developed and continually improved with young people, including survivors, to help us protect ourselves and friends from grooming and sexual or criminal exploitation. We co-produce resources and stories based on real life events for use on social media and in schools / other groups where young people hang out. Our approach telling it like it really is helps thousands of young people understand how grooming and exploitation works so that they can better protect themselves, spot the warning signs amongst friends and know who they can go to for help.
Solomon Theatre Company
Solomon Theatre Company – since 2003 – specialists in communicating messages that result in crime reduction, improved community safety and the promotion of healthy schools and healthy lifestyles.
Talk to Frank
Home Office Minister Lord Henley said ‘There are so many ways for young people to get information on drugs: through their friends, the internet, TV programmes, films and song lyrics that knowing what’s true and where the dangers lie can be difficult. It is important that young people know that FRANK will always give them free and accurate information and confidential advice whenever they need it.
The Five Pathways
The Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) is best known for its major ‘Breakthrough Britain’ reports, which identified the five Pathways to Poverty – family breakdown, educational failure, worklessness, addiction and crime, and problem debt and housing. All of these pathways to entrenched poverty are interconnected and many of those trapped in poverty have experienced more than one of these problems. Through its work in each of these areas the CSJ seeks to move the poverty debate away from a simple fixation with a single ‘poverty line’ and instead look carefully at the lives of those living in poverty and what can be done to change those lives and eradicate poverty for good.
The Mix is the UK’s leading support service for young people. We are here to help you take on any challenge you’re facing – from mental health to money, from homelessness to finding a job, from break-ups to drugs. Talk to us via our online community, on social, through our free, confidential helpline or our counselling service. | <urn:uuid:f9a21337-c092-41e8-87d0-0aa1bb351784> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://dcdhub.org/drugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337855.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006191305-20221006221305-00501.warc.gz | en | 0.950536 | 894 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A serious security flaw has just been discovered that could potentially put millions of devices at risk when connecting to the internet through a Wi-Fi connection.
This flaw doesn’t target a particular type of device or a specific piece of software – rather, the security hole is in how the Wi-Fi standard itself operates. As explained by Engadget, the flaw – which has been dubbed “Krack Attack” – could potentially allow hackers to steal secure information such as passwords and payments details. Broadly speaking, this issue means hackers could impersonate existing Wi-Fi networks, examining all browsing data and web traffic made through the connection.
In essence, the issue means hackers could impersonate existing Wi-Fi networks, examining all browsing data and web traffic made through the connection. It’s the result of certain implementations of the WPA2 encryption used by Wi-Fi connections re-using key combinations that should be unique to each connection.
The good news is that additional security protocols in iOS mean iPhones and iPads should be safe from this particular flaw. It’s another example of the extra emphasis Apple place on user security and privacy compared with other companies. Android devices, meanwhile, are particularly susceptible. If you ever use a non-iOS device that connects to the internet it may be worth disabling Wi-Fi until a fix is released – something that we expect to happen very soon.
If you’re still worried, read our top tips for keeping your private and personal data secure. | <urn:uuid:01275351-90db-4457-9493-73d4a4718557> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://www.tapsmart.com/news/wi-fi-connections-devices-risk-thanks-security-flaw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589350.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716135037-20180716155037-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.929413 | 307 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Jud Süss ("The Jew Süss")
September 24, 1940
"Jud Süss... will be the anti-Semitic film..."-- Joseph Goebbels, in his diary, December 15, 1939
"The premiere of The Jew Süss. A very large audience with almost the entire Reich Cabinet. The film is an incredible success... The whole room raves. That's exactly what I had hoped for."-- Joseph Goebbels, in his diary, September 25, 1940
Premiering in the year of the Nazis' successful invasions of Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France, Jud Süss was a box office hit, with over 20 million paid admissions. Goebbels insisted that the film not be advertised or announced as being anti-Semitic, but rather as a factual document. On-screen text stated, "the events represented in this film are based on historical occurrences." The ministry of propaganda used the film to sow hatred of Jews, showing it to concentration camp soldiers.
Set in 18th century Germany, the film follows Joseph Süss Oppenheimer from the Jewish ghettos of Frankfurt into the inner court of the Duke of Würtemberg in the city of Stuttgart. Oppenheimer brings misery to the region by raising taxes. He rapes the daughter of a district councilor, who then drowns herself from shame. Finally, he convinces the duke to mount an ill-fated coup that results in the duke's death. In the end, Oppenheimer is publicly executed for his crimes against the German people, and all Jews are forced to leave Stuttgart. | <urn:uuid:e24b58be-8920-489c-9ca8-0246c7838efb> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goebbels/sfeature/film_01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931006637.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155646-00212-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953278 | 343 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Who were your ancestors? Genealogy is a fascinating hobby for many people. Perhaps you heard your grandmother talk about her grandparents. If so, you may know more about your great great grandparents than most people. Sometimes family bibles will take records back a century or two - a few names, birth and death dates, and place of birth. Thatís not much but you can be pretty sure the people mentioned had arms, walked upright, and breathed air. You would be hard pressed to find out hair color, eye color, intelligence, height, weight, and personalities of your ancestors only a few generations back. Alex Haley's hit book and TV series Roots traced an African-American family back 10 generations to Africa. This case study asks you to think of your ancestors in some cases more than a hundred million generations ago!
How much of your genealogy can you fill in? Can you trace the source of your mitochondria?
A. The table that follows lists 13 anatomical or physiological characteristics of different groups of living organisms that are not characteristics of humans. However, they are characteristics that may have been possessed by distant human ancestors. Examine the list and consider each characteristic as a separate hypothesis about your own distant ancestry.
B. Without worrying about evidence for the moment, fill in your position on each hypothesis - agree, disagree, or uncertain.
C. In the final column, write a brief justification
for your position. When you are done, raise your hand to be put in a group.
Note: This will be a temporary group for today and next period.
Non-human Characteristic (Hypothesis)
Results from initial responses
|3. Prehensile tail|
|7. Knuckle walker|
|8. Egg laying|
|11. Chitinous exoskeleton|
A. Compare your individual responses for each hypothesis and fill in a duplicate table for the group to summarize the positions of individuals within the group.
B. Discuss those hypotheses that lack group consensus or show the greatest amount of uncertainty. See if the group can reach consensus, agree or disagree, on each hypothesis.
C. Turn in the group's table at the end of class.
A. At the end of class (9/6), identify those hypotheses that lack consensus and distribute them among the group members trying to match hypotheses with individual interests. Using resources available in the Morris Library and on the Internet, find out as much as you can about your hypothesis and be prepared to present a logical argument based on data supporting or refuting it.
Based on your discussions in class and further research as necessary, write a ~1-2 page argument based on evidence (provide references) that agrees, disagrees, or confirms uncertainty. Your finding will contribute to class discussion on September 11. | <urn:uuid:5b2161a3-e888-4a7d-be39-78be1e91e26d> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.udel.edu/chem/white/C647/Roots.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860114649.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161514-00176-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920361 | 570 | 3.875 | 4 |
1863 Civil War Journey is open APRIL through OCTOBER
On July 8, 1863, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan and his forces crossed the Ohio River into Indiana. In 1863 Civil War Journey, you'll cross a covered bridge and step into the southern Indiana town of Dupont shortly after this raid. Along the way, you'll meet local residents, experience immersive presentations, gather supplies for the Soldier's Aid Society, and even participate in military drills. Younger visitors will love the splash and play water area that includes safe, fun water cannons.
We Love Seeing Photos from our Guests!
Add yours here. #ExploreCP
Learn about Life During the Civil War
Meet Your Neighbor
Visit the Dry Goods Store and Porter Family home to learn about Morgan’s Raid firsthand from Attia Porter and the members of her community.
Know the Drill
Fall in line and stand at attention as you participate in military drills just like your fellow soldiers. Don’t forget to salute!
Splash the Day Away
River Crossing Play Area
Open Memorial Day to Labor Day
Make a splash at our revitalized River Crossing play area. We have re-imagined our popular water playscape to take families on a river journey.
Play the Part
Dress in Civil War garb and take charge of small toys that help you create your own battle plan. Who will fire the cannons? You decide!
Greet the General
Step into a one-of-a-kind theatrical experience where you can meet General Morgan and many of the townspeople who came face-to-face with him.
We're Enlisting You to Contribute to the Cause!
Civil War Journey allows our visitors to cross a bridge into the past and immerse themselves in a one-of-a-kind experience. At Conner Prairie, we subsidize 60% of each guest visit, which means that we rely upon the generosity of donors like you to help feed the horses, dress the soldiers, and keep the General Store up and running. Every dollar you give helps provide access to all that Conner Prairie has to offer.
Learn More About Civil War Journey
General Morgan's Raid
Morgan’s Raid was an invasion into Union territory by a group of Confederate cavalry in the summer of 1863. The raiders were led by General John Hunt Morgan.
Hoosiers Join the Fight
Explore the infantry units that participated in bloody battles of the Civil War, as well as the technology that helped the Union win the war.
The Hoosier Homefront
Learn more about how those who stayed behind played a vital role in running farms and households, maintaining the economy, and supporting their loved ones who fought for the Union. | <urn:uuid:d51cac29-16de-4241-b876-9db8c9b75f9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.connerprairie.org/explore/experiences/1863-civil-war-journey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710462.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128002256-20221128032256-00832.warc.gz | en | 0.94338 | 558 | 2.5625 | 3 |
There’s a certain type of person who, upon seeing a new language, feels compelled to write a game with it. Functional languages represent a unique challenge in this respect, as has been written about at some length elsewhere. Clojure adds an interesting wrinkle to this problem, in the form of its Java interop. If a game consists of a thin layer of Clojure wrapped around a full-featured Java game engine, is it actually “written in Clojure”?
Without getting bogged down in semantics, I suggest that a Clojure application (such as the game discussed in this post) is something that can be easily extended using Clojure’s data structures and concurrency primitives. This may or may not be true of the hypothetical Clojure-wrapped game engine; it depends on the design and implementation details.
To explore what goes into making a game in Clojure, we’ll look at an implementation of Asteroids that uses Penumbra, an idiomatic wrapper for OpenGL. Penumbra was written to streamline doing interesting things with the graphics card, which includes small-scale game development. The issues I encountered while developing this game informed a number of design decisions I later made.
a description of the game
The game of Asteroids has three major elements: the spaceship, the bullets, and the eponymous asteroids. Optional elements include explosion effects for when an asteroid is split or the spaceship is destroyed, and exhaust effects to indicate thrust from the spaceship.
When implementing the game, we should first consider how each of these elements behave, as well as how they interact. Some of these details will vary between implementations, but for simplicity’s sake we will assume the following:
- Bullets travel a straight, predictable path.
- If they come into contact with an asteroid, they blow up the asteroid and disappear.
- If they don’t encounter an asteroid, they will eventually disappear.
- Asteroids travel a straight, predictable path.
- Asteroids come in three sizes: large, medium, and small.
- Asteroids explode when they come into contact with a bullet or the spaceship.
- When a large or medium asteroid explodes, it emits four smaller, faster asteroids in random directions. Small asteroids disappear altogether.
- The spaceship travels an unpredictable path dictated by user input.
- When the spaceship comes into contact with an asteroid, it explodes.
- The spaceship has a position and velocity.
- The position is constantly updated w.r.t. the velocity and elapsed time since the last update.
- When the engine is off, the velocity remains constant. When the engine is engaged, the velocity is constantly updated w.r.t. the orientation of the ship and the elapsed time since the last update.
- Exhaust particles travel a straight, predictable path.
- They are emitted whenever the ship’s engine is engaged.
- They travel the opposite direction of the ship, adjusted for the ship’s velocity (this is important; things will look very strange otherwise).
- They are purely for show, and don’t interact with anything.
- After a while, they disappear.
- Explosion particles travel a straight, predictable path.
- They are emitted in random directions from the explosion’s center.
- They are purely for show, and don’t interact with anything.
- After a while, they disappear.
Looking at this list, we can see that four out of the five elements have paths that are predestined; their position at any given moment is determined the moment they are created. This means that while we could store their position in memory and update that position each frame, we don’t have to. Instead, we have the option of defining a function which takes the game time as a parameter, and returns the current position.
This approach has two benefits. First, it’s much less taxing to the garbage collector; while a perfect garbage collector would be able to handle constant, predictable churn by just allocating over the previous frame’s state, reality is a little less kind. Updating too many things too often will lead to noticeable GC pauses, which any real-time application should strive to avoid. Second, it lets us treat the game as a constantly changing system which is sampled by the renderer, rather than a succession of snapshots whose frequency is arbitrarily dictated by the game’s frame rate. Specific reasons for why this is desirable will be discussed later.
It’s also obvious that the only difference between the exhaust and explosion particles are their initial conditions. As long as we make our generation method flexible enough, there’s no reason to deal with these elements separately.
So to create the game, we need methods for collision testing, generation, physics (for the spaceship), and finally rendering. Below, we’ll look at a few of the more interesting aspects. The complete source can be found here.
We need to be able to test collisions between asteroids and ships, and asteroids and bullets. Bullets are perfectly circular, but asteroids and the ship are irregular shapes, so doing this accurately could be pretty complicated. But if we just assume everything’s a circle, it’s easy:
(defn radius [x] (if (number? (:radius x)) (:radius x) ((:radius x)))) (defn position [x] (if (sequential? (:position x)) (:position x) ((:position x)))) (defn intersects? [a b] (let [min-dist (+ (radius a) (radius b)) dist (map - (position a) (position b))] (> (* min-dist min-dist) (length-squared dist))))
Notice that this code makes a number of assumptions about how the program will be structured: all of our game elements will be hashes, all of them will have
:radius keys, and those keys will either return static values or functions.
Nowhere do we define an interface that explicitly states this, nor can we tell at compile time whether the game elements actually satisfy these requirements. It’s easy to see how this approach could cause issues in larger scale development, but it does give us a certain flexibility, and for a program this size, the complexity is manageable.
All of the elements exist on a 2-D plane, but that doesn’t mean we can’t render them as 3-D objects. We want our asteroids to be spherical, but irregular. We could randomly perturb the vertices, but that would just give us a spiky ball. The position of one vertex can’t be independent of its neighbors. In other words, we want to generate a fractal asteroid.
There are a number of different ways to accomplish this, but one of the simplest is the fault line algorithm:
- Split the asteroid into equal halves.
- Expand everything in one half, and shrink everything in the other.
The resulting asteroid isn’t too distinctive, so we can just generate a few asteroid templates, and choose one at random whenever we create a new asteroid.
Particles are soft-edged circles which, in large numbers, can be used to represent amorphous shapes. To create a texture, we define a texture which is perfectly white, but with varying transparency. Towards the middle, it is perfectly opaque, but falls off towards the edges per a Gaussian function.
(defn textured-quad (draw-quads (texture 0 0) (vertex -1 -1) (texture 1 0) (vertex 1 -1) (texture 1 1) (vertex 1 1) (texture 0 1) (vertex -1 1))) (defn init-particles (def particle-tex (let [tex (create-byte-texture 128 128)] (draw-to-texture! tex (fn [_ pos] (let [opacity (Math/exp (* -16 (length-squared (map - pos [0.5 0.5])))))] [1 1 1 opacity]))) tex)) (def particle-quad (create-display-list (textured-quad))))
Notice that we’ve wrapped the definitions of
particle-quad inside a function. This is because we need to have both of these executed inside an OpenGL context. This allows us to freely reference these vars in the rest of the code, as long as we make sure
init-particles is executed within an OpenGL context, and before any code that references the internal definitions.
Particles can fill a number of roles. Individual particles can represent bullets, and large quantities can be used to represent both explosions and the flame from the ship.
updating the game
Every frame, we need to determine the position of the various game elements, and draw them. We also need to update these elements - testing for collisions, generating particles when necessary - but this is a completely orthogonal concern to the rendering. Most games are single-threaded, and therefore the sequence of events is something like this:
- Test for user input, and change any related values.
- Update all the elements in the game, taking into consideration the elapsed time since we last updated the elements.
- Render the newly updated elements.
This artificially conflates the act of updating and rendering, but with Clojure, we’re not nearly as constrained.
In Penumbra, an application is defined as a series of callbacks, such as
:display. With the exception of
:display, which cannot affect the game state, these are pure functions, which take the current state of the game, and return an altered version of that state. As a result, each function is independent of the others; as long as they don’t execute at the same time, it doesn’t matter what thread it’s executing on.
These callbacks are called in response to user input (
:mouse-up) or a frame being rendered (
:display). However, how often we test for collisions shouldn’t have to be coupled to how often we render, nor should how often we emit particles for the spaceship’s exhaust. In fact, in the latter case this would only make things look strange: if our frame rate stutters, so would the exhaust. Our rendering should just be a periodic glance into the world of the game, not something that dictates its appearance.
Penumbra supports periodic updates, which are defined as pure functions which alter the state at regular intervals. We can test for collisions 10 times a second, and emit exhaust particles 50 times a second, regardless of the game’s frame rate. This is used somewhat trivially in this game, but it’s worth noting that this can be an extremely powerful capability: we can reason about the game as a collection of independent, asynchronous processes, without concern for the underlying implementation. In the Tetris example, for instance, the descent of the blocks is controlled by a periodic update which alters its own frequency based on whether the down arrow is pressed.
Brian Carper recently posted about his difficulties using Clojure’s concurrency primitives during his implementation of an RPG. While I don’t think the approach used by Penumbra is the only way forward, at the very least it demonstrates that it is quite possible to leverage Clojure’s unique capabilities towards the develop of games or other real-time graphical applications.
I have recently released version 0.5.0 of Penumbra to clojars, which should greatly simplify its use in a separate project. If anyone has any questions regarding how they could use it for their project, I’d be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:a38969c1-eed4-45a6-9ae9-d6d88c135eb3> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://ideolalia.com/creating-a-simple-game-in-clojure/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589537.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717012034-20180717032034-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.914461 | 2,443 | 2.515625 | 3 |
If your child is being treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), you may have one less thing to worry about today. A study involving 1.2 million children and young adults provided reassuring evidence that the drugs used to treat ADHD do not increase the risk of death from heart disease.
Researchers, who published their results yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine, analyzed medical records from a nationwide private insurance plan along with health plans based in Tennessee, California, and Washington State. They compared children taking stimulant drugs (like Ritalin and Adderall) that are commonly used to treat ADHD to children not taking these drugs.
Among all of the children, heart attack, stroke, or sudden death were rare, affecting a little more than 3 in every 100,000 children per year. Cardiac problems were no more common among children using a stimulant as among those not taking one.
The study was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Food and Drug Administration. One important strength of the study: it drew information from a wide geographic area and encompassed a culturally diverse group. Another strength is that the researchers evaluated the data using several different assumptions and statistical methods. That is, they challenged their own data to see if they held up to different ways of calculating rates of adverse outcomes.
Recommendations for treating ADHD still emphasize the use of behavioral therapies, providing support, and setting expectations. That is, the goal is to help the child do better at school and have more satisfying relationships. But the new research offers reassurance that when medication is needed, it doesn’t increase the risk of heart problems.
A few years ago, when case reports from Canada and the U.S. raised the possibility that ADHD drugs increased cardiac risk, the American Heart Association suggested that it would be “reasonable” for children being evaluated for ADHD to have an electrocardiogram. The major pediatric group, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), disagreed. The new study supports the AAP’s recommendation against routine ECG testing. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) also discourages ordering any routine laboratory, neurological, or psychological testing unless something in the child’s medical history or symptoms indicates such testing may be necessary.
A comprehensive evaluation for a child suspected of having ADHD still involves an assessment of symptoms, a detailed personal and family medical history, and determination of a child’s functioning at home, at school, and with peers.
The discussion about the relationship between cardiac risk and ADHD is likely to continue. The next phase of the study will look at the issue in adults. And because stimulant medications raise blood pressure and heart rate, pediatricians and psychiatrists will continue to evaluate the impact of such medicines on children who already have heart problems.
For now, the best advice is for clinicians to assess heart disease risk by doing a physical exam and taking a careful medical history (for example, asking about fainting spells, palpitations, and family history) while a mental health professional does an evaluation for ADHD.
*This blog post was originally published at Harvard Health Blog* | <urn:uuid:0cba5778-f96f-4fff-8462-aee7bad3ff9a> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://getbetterhealth.com/study-provides-reassuring-evidence-regarding-adhd-drugs/2011.11.07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738663010.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173743-00173-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946247 | 642 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Little Pied Bats have been found roosting in places where the temperature reaches more than 40 degrees Celsius. They must roost in places near water.
Little Pied Bats roost in dry caves, mines and disused houses and possibly tree hollows. They roost together in small groups of 20 to 40 bats.
Feeding and diet
Little Pied Bats feed on insects, but exact diet is not known.
Little Pied Bats are vulnerable to disturbance from human visitors to cave roosts, destruction of caves by mining, and loss of feeding habitat by clearing and land degradation from agriculture. | <urn:uuid:15737738-e8b0-4f62-826e-2a3e00a77afa> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://australian.museum/learn/animals/bats/little-pied-bat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989115.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20210510064318-20210510094318-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.933223 | 128 | 3.453125 | 3 |
A Look At The Lives Of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults
Posted October 11, 2011
The National Transgender Discrimination Survey highlights the lives and experiences of over 6,000 transgender and gender non-conforming adults in the US.
Happy National Coming Out Day! Today, like every October 11th, we celebrate the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, take pride in being “out of the closet,” and reflect on how far we have to go to achieve full sexual and gender equality. An important part of this celebration is acknowledging the diversity even within LGBT communities and, more importantly, raising awareness about the unique experiences of subgroups within the larger LGBT population.
The National Transgender Discrimination Survey
Before Chaz Bono, author and transgender son of Cher and Sonny Bono, joined the show Dancing With the Stars, transgender people gained more visibility with the release of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. This survey, conducted by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Lesbian and Gay Task Force, captures a glimpse of the lives of over 6,000 transgender and gender non-conforming adults in the United States. The results of the survey, which I summarize below, provide a picture of this population’s experiences with prejudice and discrimination, in employment, health care, and education, and their demographic profile (e.g., race, age, income).
Who Are Transgender And Gender Non-Comforming People?
Although the use of the acronym LGBT is intended to be as inclusive as possible, we actually lump several unique subpopulations together in referring to “transgender” people (the T in LGBT). Although still lumping multiple groups, one important distinction is between transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. Transgender and gender non-conforming individuals share their distinction from cisgender people in that their gender identity and/or gender expression differs from (or does not “match”) their sex assigned at birth.
For many transgender people, namely transsexuals, this entails planned (“pre-op”), partial, or complete (“post-op”) transition from their sex assigned at birth to their current gender identity; however, many transgender people do not pursue such surgical or hormonal treatment (“non-op”). The reasons for forgoing this transition vary, including the high costs that are typically not covered by health insurance or lack of health care access all together, disinterest in or limited options to physically altering one’s body, or fear of the potential side effects of surgery or taking hormones. Gender non-conforming individuals differ in their gender expression in that they fall outside of (e.g., a third gender) or somewhere in between (e.g., androgyny) the traditional gender binary (female and male).
As I noted above, both of these terms represent multiple subgroups. Within the umbrella of transgender, there are individuals who identify as transgender, MTF (male-to-female) or transwomen, FTM (female-to-male) or transmen, transsexual, and two-spirit. The umbrella of gender non-conforming includes individuals who identify as gender non-conforming, genderqueer, cross-dresser, androgynous, third gender, feminine male, masculine or butch female, aggressive, as well as drag kings and drag kings. Yet, for some individuals, these categories overlap or co-exist, most notably intersex people, whose biological sex (including chromosomes, anatomy, and hormones) does not neatly fit into female or male.
It is of crucial important to distinguish these gender identities and expressions from sexual orientation and identity; although some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer people are also transgender or gender non-conforming, gender identity/expression is a distinct personal and social characteristic from sexual orientation/identity.
The Lives Of Transgender And Gender Non-Conforming People
The National Transgender Discrimination Survey offers an extensive look at the lives and experiences of transgender and gender non-conforming adults in the United States, including a look at the economic and employment profile and health profile of this population. You can see the executive summary here and the full report here, as well as video overview here. The survey offers a number of important key findings:
- Over 40% of respondents reported attempting suicide at some point in the past, compared to the 1.6% in the general (predominantly cisgender) population. The rates of suicide attempts are much higher among transgender and gender non-conforming adults who have been unfairly fired from a job, harassed or bullied in school, physically or sexually assaulted, and/or who live in poverty.
- Many respondents live in extreme poverty. In fact, this population is four times more likely than the general population to live in households with annual incomes less than $10,000.
- Among transgender and gender non-conforming adults who were “out” in elementary, middle, and/or high school, the majority were harassed, one-third were physically assaulted, and 12% were raped or sexually assaulted. These experiences with violence were so severe that they led 15% to leave school.
- Respondents are twice as likely as the general population to be currently unemployed. For racial and ethnic transgender and gender non-conforming adults, the rate is four times the general population. Almost half reported being unfairly fired, denied a job or promotion, and 50% reported being harassed at work. The majority have avoided discrimination by either hiding their gender identity/expression or delaying their gender transition.
- A substantial number have faced housing discrimination, and have been homeless at some point because of their gender identity/expression.
- Over half have faced harassment or disrespect in public accommodations, including hotels, restaurants, public transportation, and government agencies.
- Overall, transgender and gender non-conforming people report higher rates of HIV infection, alcohol and drug use, and smoking. Many have either faced discrimination in health care or been denied care altogether. Half reported that they have had to teach their medical providers about transgender care.
- Over 50% have been rejected by some or all of their family members because of their gender identity/expression. HIV incidence and attempt suicide rates are substantially lower among those whose families are accepting.
The National Transgender Discrimination Survey is an important and overdue assessment of the state of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals’ lives in the United States. Now, with more insight into this populations’ experiences with transphobic prejudice and discrimination, poverty, family rejection, and illness, advocates, politicians, medical professionals, and researchers can make steps to improve the lives of transgender and gender non-conforming people. For example, these findings suggest that LGBT activists’ focus on ending Don’t Ask Don’t Tell, same-sex marriage, and other issues of sexual equality must also include pushing for social change that addresses the unique needs of transgender and gender non-conforming people. It also means seriously rethinking access to various institutions (e.g., college), as well as services and care (especially medical care), that continue to use the traditional gender binary of female and male.
While increasing visibility of transgender and gender non-conforming people is an important first step, there remains a great deal of work to improve the lives of this population and ensure equal status for all regardless of gender identity and expression. | <urn:uuid:8b7f03d3-a83b-4b73-aa10-268b255fd70e> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://kinseyconfidential.org/study-lives-transgender-gender-nonconforming-adults/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930895.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00209-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948932 | 1,524 | 2.578125 | 3 |
DMS Curriculum Intent, Implementation and Impact Overview
With a world-famous castle and a major international airport on its doorstep, Dedworth Middle School is well placed to appreciate the need to learn about other cultures and languages. Children are therefore encouraged to develop an interest in learning French in a way that is enjoyable and stimulating. We develop children’s confidence; we strive to stimulate and encourage children’s curiosity about language. We aim to develop their awareness of cultural differences in other countries, through our protected characteristics, British values, and curriculum enrichment opportunities. We strive to embed the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing necessary to enable children to use and apply their French learning in a variety of contexts and lay the foundations for future language learning.
Our inclusive and high-quality languages curriculum is designed to progressively develop children skills in languages, through weekly taught lessons. Children will progressively acquire, use, and apply a growing bank of vocabulary organised around a variety of topics.
At DMS, we deliver a scheme of learning in MFL that meets the National Curriculum requirements issued by the DfE. The school employs an experienced MFL specialist as Head of French, to work across the KS2 and KS3 classes. These lessons are delivered on a weekly basis, lasting 50 minutes per session. The children develop subject-specific skills and vocabulary, and they build upon their prior learning and recap each week so that the children’s knowledge is secure. Children are encouraged and supported to develop their speaking and listening skills through conversational work, singing activities and team games. There are regular events (such as French café, themed weeks, and European Day of Languages whole school competitions) to develop intercultural awareness. As confidence and skills develop, children record their work through pictures, captions, and sentences. Displays are used to remind children of key vocabulary and to encourage spontaneous talk in French. Practical activities, songs, and interactive games (such as Linguascope website) are used to help improve memory and recall, as well as foster engagement and enjoyment of learning French. We follow the ‘Accès Studio’ course at KS2 to ensure coverage and progression across school. At KS3, we follow a range of modules from Studio 1 and 2 French course books.
Progress is monitored through a variety of AfL methods covering all four key skills: teacher feedback, low stakes assessments (such as vocabulary tests), end of topic tests and a monitoring system (Target Tracker) to see how children are progressing through age-related expectations. Pupil voice and self-assessment commentary show that the children thoroughly enjoy and engage with their French lessons. The children enjoy using their French learning in other areas of the curriculum and outside of school (such as Y8 trip to Paris in June). They also acquire foreign language skills that they can apply in real life situations.
FRENCH Yearly Overview | <urn:uuid:f5fce858-f1a7-4d06-b14c-e6481609f2b1> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.dedworthmiddle.co.uk/461/french | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358705.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129104236-20211129134236-00152.warc.gz | en | 0.949235 | 604 | 3.421875 | 3 |
In this course, you will learn important language to describe how you shop, review what you’ve bought, and assist customers. Learning activities in this course will take place on Voxy, an engaging language learning platform that automatically adapts to your current level and your performance across reading, listening, speaking, grammar, and vocabulary skills so that every lesson is optimized for rapid improvement. Each week is made up of engaging, short, task-based lessons that can be done anywhere, anytime. Lessons include content from the real world, so you will learn from real conversations and emails between customers and colleagues asking questions and giving opinions about shopping. By the end of the course, you will be able to discuss just about any kind of shopping experience. | <urn:uuid:c8093a4c-49da-438c-a3cb-07c1d8206d1c> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://mx.coursera.org/lecture/low-intermediate-english-shopping-customer-service/end-of-course-project-overview-cHDCE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945376.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325222822-20230326012822-00446.warc.gz | en | 0.943784 | 149 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Hearing is one of the most important senses that you have. Not surprisingly, issues with your hearing can lead to major quality of life decreases and the greater potential for accidents and other safety risks. For individuals that suffer from hearing loss or other problems, there are some strategies that may be helpful in limiting or reversing the hearing loss.
Ensure The Ears Are Kept Clean
Individuals will often fail to appreciate the fact that earwax can start to accumulate in the ears. This wax can prevent sound waves from being able to enter the ear canal. For those with existing hearing problems, these effects can be greatly worsened. Ideally, you should remove any excess wax from your ears at least once a day.
Consider The Benefits Of Hearing Aids
Hearing aids can be one of the most effective options for correcting the symptoms of hearing loss. While these devices will not reverse your hearing loss, they can amplify the sounds entering your ear to make them easier for you to hear. If you are failing to consider this option due to assuming that it the hearing aids will be noticeable or uncomfortable to wear. However, modern hearing aids are designed in a way so as to be extremely comfortable and discrete to wear.
Identify Potential Sources Of Hearing Loss
Many individuals will regularly be exposed to loud sounds that can potentially degrade their hearing. For example, some individuals may work in extremely noisy factors, music venues, or other areas where loud sounds can be expected for long periods of time. If you are suffering from hearing loss, it can be worthwhile to speak with a hearing specialist to help you identify the potential causes for your hearing problems. This can make it possible to take precautions, such as wearing hearing aids, to minimize the risk of this damage occurring.
Receive Regular Hearing Exams
Hearing loss can be a problem that can change over time. For patients with this issue, it can be difficult to be aware of these decreases as they may happen very gradually. Regular hearing exams can allow for your sense of hearing to be accurately measured. The information from these exams can allow for the hearing loss treatments to be adjusted so that they provide the best results for the patient. In most instances, these examinations will only be needed on a yearly basis, and they should take no more than an hour or two to complete.Share
11 November 2018
Having a daughter comes with a number of challenges. One challenge that you will one day need to tackle is determining when to introduce your daughter to the gynecologist. Do you take your daughter to the same gynecologist that you see or take her somewhere else? Do you wait until she gets her first period or do you take her in to learn about the menstrual cycle from the doctor? There is a long list of questions you likely have about introducing your daughter to the world of gynecology. Having gone through this twice myself, I have learned quite a bit and have included a lot of helpful information in my site to help other parents get through this complicated time a little easier. | <urn:uuid:b9d94e6a-6d2e-4bf1-8a1d-2fcfd6920cb5> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://sohappyicouldscream.com/2018/11/11/tips-for-patients-with-hearing-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257244.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523123835-20190523145835-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.956797 | 610 | 2.671875 | 3 |
When Socrates was speaking to Glaucon about what the women should do in their ideal State, he asked Glaucon a fascinating question. He asked him, “Are dogs divided into hes and shes, or do they both share equally in hunting and in keeping watch and in the other duties of dogs? Or do we entrust to the males the entire and exclusive care of the flocks, while we leave the females at home, under the idea that the bearing and suckling their puppies is labour enough for them?” Glaucon, of course, answered, “No. They share alike; the only difference between them is that the males are stronger and the females weaker.” Why do you think he thought so? I believe that his justification may be similar to what our justification would have been: it would be unreasonable if the dogs were given two different responsibilities if they were just as capable to do the same responsibility based solely on gender. I consider this conversation—a conversation that had occurred and been documented millennia ago—one of the most relevant conversations in today’s society. Today we face many, many challenges regarding the topic of equality, and I do not believe that it should be a challenge at all. It is simple: if humankind should wish to improve, we must be able to demolish the idea of a superior man. If humankind should want to continue in our journey to bettering ourselves, we must eliminate the hierarchy that we created and continue to feed, and the way to do that is through “feminism.”
Many people think that “feminism” aims to make the female gender the superior gender, simply because it is called “feminism.” However, this is not true; feminism aims to eliminate the idea of gender superiority and gender roles, ultimately making both the male and the female equal. This equal rights movement was named “feminism” to promote the rights of women, and not to make women superior. “Feminism,” however, benefits both men and women—an idea that will be elaborated on later—and both men and women should advocate for it.
To understand why we should advocate for feminism, we must first understand the topic of inequality. After all, equality does not exist without first experiencing inequality, just as how the idea of light does not exist without the idea of darkness. Our society has distilled the idea of inequality in us. Inequality is the reason why boys may feel pressured to pay on a date, suppress their emotions because it is seen as “unmanly,” or why they may not be allowed to play with dolls. Inequality supplies us with the idea of gender roles, and with them, the need to conform to fit them, which then causes us to reject certain behaviours because they do not follow these social roles, both in other people and in ourselves.
Many people are raised in a way that discourages themselves and others to break or challenge gender roles, creating a vicious cycle that continues to foster the issue of inequality. By being taught at a young age that you are unable to do certain things or behave a certain way because of your gender, inequality becomes the norm. Inequality will be all you really know, all you are familiar with. Because of this, you might end up raising your kids the same way you were raised, forcing them to accept these gender roles as well. You are not at fault; you did not know any better. Though difficult, we can break this cycle and improve our way of thinking for the better.
Take a look at the conversation between Socrates and Glaucon again regarding the dogs. Given two dogs, one male and another female, their responsibilities would not change. The two dogs are just as capable of doing the same job, so why should their responsibilities change simply because they have different reproductive systems? It would be impractical—even disadvantageous—to give them different responsibilities based on a trivial, biological difference. We must acknowledge their difference, yes, but we have no real need to discriminate one or the other simply because of that biological difference. Realistically, it would be much more efficient to let the two dogs hunt rather than have one hunt, another do another job, and be forced to wait twice the time.
For a long period of time in our history, you do not hear of women making contributions to our society, simply because they were women and they were not expected to. For instance, take the issue of women’s suffrage in America. Today, 51% of America’s population is female, and if you were to assume that that percentage is more or less the same, that means that majority of America’s population were not able to vote for their leaders until 1920, going against one of the three fundamental rights in the constitution that protects the majority rule. After the women’s suffrage movement, it still took a while for women to begin voting for people that will help alleviate their issues. However, if that 51% of America were already allowed to vote, America likely would be have made much more progress because you would not have that period of adjustment in the first place. In the end, if you had eliminated that gender bias, you would have made more progress in a shorter amount of time, similar to the two dogs hunting instead of one.
Both men and women can benefit from the elimination of the gender hierarchy. By eliminating this preference for one sex over the other, we allow ourselves to improve more efficiently, growing together as a human race and society. This sounds easier than it is, but if we truly want to evolve and prove to ourselves that we can be great, then we must learn to break the vicious cycle of conforming and teaching how to conform, and that change, that extremely important and essential change, begins with ourselves. | <urn:uuid:393547da-f9ae-42e3-b493-814582c7a29c> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://csrmatch.org/the-practicality-of-gender-equality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247506094.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221172909-20190221194909-00300.warc.gz | en | 0.975007 | 1,194 | 3.296875 | 3 |
How the European steel, cement and chemicals industry can become carbon-free - full version published
European industry can play a decisive role in enabling higher climate ambitions for the EU 2030 climate target. Moreover, scaling up key low-carbon technologies in steel, cement, fertilizer and plastic production offers the EU a chance to assume technology leadership. This is emphasized in a comprehensive study Agora Energiewende has published on key breakthrough technologies for a climate-neutral industry and the policy instruments needed for their deployment. Agora previously published an executive summary of the study in November 2020. According to the study, many of the technologies can be market-ready well before 2030 – provided that the EU commits to climate action.
“The global race to zero emissions is on. And who will take the leadership on climate-neutral technologies will be decided by forward-looking and bold climate policies,” says Frank Peter, Deputy Director of Agora Energiewende. “To not be left behind, the EU must kick off the transformation to climate neutrality in industry now.” By using climate-neutral key technologies, the steel, cement and chemical industries can achieve the necessary emissions reductions for all industrial sectors covered by the European emissions trading scheme over the next ten years, the Agora study shows. They would thereby contribute to a more ambitious EU climate target of at least 55 percent lower emissions by 2030. In addition, investments in conventional plants conflict with the goal of climate neutrality by 2050: By this date, at the latest, only climate-neutral plants will be allowed to operate if industrial emissions are to be reduced to zero. Accordingly, conventional industrial plants risk becoming stranded assets in the 2040s. Any such plant built in the 2020s will therefore not reach the end of its technical life. "Under these circumstances, it is questionable whether industrial companies will even invest in Europe as a business location," says Peter. There will be a great need for reinvestment over the next ten years, and many climate-neutral key technologies will be ready for use before 2030.
Short-term success instead of sustainable emissions reductions
"The EU currently runs the risk of putting short-term emissions reduction success in the European steel, cement and chemical industries above long-term climate targets. In this context, foresight is crucial in the sustainable conversion to climate-neutral industrial processes," says Peter. "Industrial plants have a service life of up to 70 years - which means that investments in purely conventional plants are already no longer compatible with the long-term goal of climate neutrality. In order to avoid stranded assets, decisions must be made in favor of climate-neutral innovation from now on." Only then would the EU's 2030 and 2050 climate targets both be achieved.
With an increased 2030 climate target of at least 55 percent, the greenhouse gas emissions of the energy-intensive industries covered by the European emissions trading scheme would have to be reduced by 27 percent by 2030 compared to 2019, equivalent to around 140 million tons of CO₂. According to the Agora study, energy-intensive companies could reduce CO₂ emissions by 145 million tons simply by consistently investing in climate-neutral technology – especially for upcoming reinvestments. By 2030, the steel industry could already reduce by a third the 188 million tons of CO₂ produced in 2017 if it replaced all coal-fired blast furnaces that reach the end of their service life with direct reduction plants. These plants can initially be operated with natural gas and then switch to climate-neutral hydrogen as it increasingly becomes available.
In chemical plants, the switch to electrical heat generation instead of natural gas-fired steam boilers is becoming important. If the coal phase-out is accelerated – as assumed in the European Commission's Climate Impact Assessment in September 2020 - the European electricity mix would become much cleaner in 2030, and electricity would accordingly be more climate-friendly than natural gas. According to Agora's calculations, the chemical industry can reduce its CO₂ emissions by one fifth by switching to power-to-heat. For climate-neutral cement production, the establishment of an infrastructure for carbon capture and storage (CCS) is crucial. During the production of clinker – a component of cement – CO₂ is emitted as a byproduct of the process. CCS infrastructure would also give the cement industry the long-term option of contributing to negative emissions by using carbon-neutral biomass as a fuel and extracting this CO₂ from the atmosphere using CCS technology.
Industrial companies currently lack freedom of choice
"Industrial companies are showing increasing interest in climate-neutral technology. What they lack is framework conditions for a climate-neutral business model. It is up to the EU to create such a framework for investment in climate-neutral innovation," says Frank Peter. With the prospect of high carbon prices, stricter environmental regulations and declining demand for carbon-intensive products, companies currently shy away from investing in carbon-intensive facilities. "Under current conditions, there is a high probability that they will shift their investments to countries with lower environmental requirements. As a result, industrial emissions elsewhere will increase, and European industrial sites will close. The EU should therefore now put together the package that allows energy-intensive industry to kickstart its transformation to climate neutrality".
The full version of "Breakthrough strategies for climate-neutral industry in Europe" was written in cooperation with the Wuppertal Institute. Published in English, the study outlines the main technology paths for sustainable emissions reductions in steel, cement and chemical factories. In addition, it contains a package of measures with policy instruments to initiate the climate-neutral restructuring of the European raw-materials industry. The 216-page publication is available for free download below. A summary of this study was published in November 2020.
Was die Industrie jetzt von der Politik brauchtAktive Klimapolitik ist die Voraussetzung dafür, dass die deutsche Industrie wettbewerbsfähig bleibt, am Standort Deutschland investiert und klimaneutral wird. Im Austausch mit 17 Industrieunternehmen haben Agora Energiewende, die Stiftung 2° und Roland Berger zwölf Handlungsempfehlungen an die Politik verfasst.
A clean industry package for the EUFor the EU to become climate-neutral by 2050, production at European steel, cement and chemical plants must become carbon-free. Agora Energiewende has presented eleven policy instruments to kick-start investments in climate-neutral technologies.
How policy-makers can solve the investment dilemma faced by energy-intensive manufacturers and facilitate industrial climate protection
Climate protection is already a major consideration in the investment decisions made by steel, chemical and cement manufacturers. Indeed, if companies in these sectors were to ignore the climate impacts of their long-term investment decisions, significant financial losses could result, given the likelihood of more stringent environmental regulations in coming years. While various climate-neutral production technologies already have a high stage of maturity, their large-scale deployment has been hampered by the lack of a conducive regulatory environment. In a new study, Agora Energiewende and the Wuppertal Institute therefore propose an immediate action programme to make German manufacturers a vanguard in green hydrogen, industrial electrification and the abatement of process emissions.
A Clean Industry Package for Europe
The European industry has the technological solutions at hand to support the EU in raising its 2030 climate targets and reach climate neutrality by 2050. What’s needed now is a strong policy framework to kick-start investments in [...]
- Region : | <urn:uuid:c27ffbed-0402-4d85-aeb0-8b9628a5d860> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/press/news-archive/how-the-european-steel-cement-and-chemicals-industry-can-become-carbon-free-full-version-published-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711016.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205100449-20221205130449-00616.warc.gz | en | 0.913817 | 1,573 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Olaf was spawned by a tropical wave which moved offshore Africa on
September 17, crossing into
the eastern Pacific about two weeks later. Nora was spawned by the previous tropical wave that moved
offshore Africa on September 13. The first wave led to the formation of a tropical depression about 525
miles south of Baja California on October 1, which became a tropical depression that night. A low level
circulation began to form with the second tropical wave on October 2 about 400 miles south-southeast
of Acapulco. Late that night, it developed into a tropical depression. Meanwhile, Nora was located about
650 miles west-northwest of Olaf and strengthening into a hurricane, but the two cyclones barely interacted.
Olaf became a tropical storm on October 3 while moving west-northwest to northwest around a weak
subtropical ridge. Turning more to the north, Olaf struck Mexico to the west of Manzanillo on the
7th, with the surface circulation dissipating by the 8th. As Nora began recurving ahead of a mid-
latitude trough, the upper level outflow from Olaf sheared the central convection away, which led
to rapid weakening. As Olaf dissipated inland, Nora turned more to the north, making landfall
just north of Mazatlan as a tropical depression late on October 8. Below is a track of
Olaf, prepared by the National Hurricane Center.
Below are the storm total graphics for Nora/Olaf. The maxima
near Olaf's point of landfall are more significant,
since it moved into Mexico with minimal wind shear. Nora moved inland as a low-level swirl, and amounts near
its point of landfall were considerably less. Data for the maps was obtained from the Comision del Agua, the parent
agency of Mexico's National Weather Service. | <urn:uuid:c2c1f964-c7a0-45f6-8edc-49355d904f5f> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/olaf2003.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931012025.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155652-00150-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972054 | 386 | 2.75 | 3 |
To achieve financial empowerment, you should be spending less than you earn. Following this guidance is often difficult for many people, especially those who are unemployed or who don't earn a lot. Tracking your income and expenses and putting together a simple budget is a good first step towards spending less than you earn.
Want to work with someone in person to learn how to create a budget?
Search our calendar of classes and register for our "Money Matters: How to Create and Maintain a Spending Plan" workshop. This workshop will show you how to manage your money by preparing a personal spending plan and identifying ways to decrease spending and increase income. By the end of the workshop you will be able to list steps for setting financial goals, prepare a spending plan to estimate monthly income and expenses, and identify ways to decrease spending and increase income!
You can also sign up for one-on-one sessions with a trained budget coach through the Smart About Money (SAM) program at United Way of Greater New Haven: 370 James St, Suite 403, New Haven, 203-772-2010, http://www.uwgnh.org/sam.
Want to get started on your own?
Start filling out this basic online Budgeting Sheet to create your own budget.
Or use a simple notebook and pen to start writing down all of your expenses - then you can plug them into your official budget. | <urn:uuid:a5852c3d-732c-4ac1-9794-9fca131edc01> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://www.newhavenfinancialempowerment.com/portfolio-view/create-a-budget/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594705.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119180644-20200119204644-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.918844 | 283 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The climate summit at the United Nations brings together an array of actors, including governments and intergovernmental organisations, to agree upon concrete plans for climate action. The decisions reached at the summit are particularly important for Small Island States, which are one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to climate change. Building on the first post of this blog series, how “climatisation” relates to Small Island States will be discussed.
Among the countries that are at the forefront of driving the discourse on climate action are the island countries of the Pacific and the Caribbean. Climate change has been recognized as the “single greatest threat” to these regions on account of their geographies as well as their limited capacity to respond to its adverse impacts, such as sea level rise, intensified and more frequent cyclones, and changes in the rainfall patterns.
Climate Diplomacy and the Small Island States
One tactic the Small Island States (SIS) have adopted has been the formation of blocs to counter big emitters in the international negotiations. Corresponding to approximately 1 percent of the world’s population, they have been working hard and strong for their recognition as ‘small islands, big players’ in global climate advocacy. The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), for instance, formed in 1990, has been the principal driver of moves such as framing climate change as an existential threat and requesting a special scientific report on global warming of 1.5 °C. The Climate Vulnerable Forum is another example, which has recently been pushing for climate-proof growth in the economies of its most vulnerable 20 member states.
Thus far, the negotiating blocs have been resolutely demanding for emissions cuts, and loss and damage from the major emitting countries. Emissions cuts fall within the ambit of climate change mitigation and aims to limit the magnitude and rate of long-term global warming and its related adverse impacts. Currently, member states of the Paris Agreement specify their policies concerning emission cuts under non-binding submissions called “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs). Loss and damage, on the other hand, refers to the harms caused by anthropogenic climate change. If liability for loss and damage were to be established, the countries that have contributed the most to climate change would pay compensation to those that have not. The efforts of the negotiation blocs of SIS have been successful in the establishment of a mechanism for loss and damage, which currently has a mandate to strengthen dialogue and enhance knowledge in this regard.
Negotiation blocs and climatisation: An opportunity to seize?
The climatisation of disaster risk reduction (DRR), as discussed in the first post of this blog series, is opening up a key advocacy area that must be addressed. This is particularly important for SIS, as they are exposed to disasters and suffer from pre-existing vulnerabilities. Recalling the statement of H. E. Jagdish D. Koonjul, the former chairman of AOSIS in 2003: “All efforts invested by SIS in their pursuit towards sustainable development can be negated by a single damaging natural disaster.” More recently, the need for an “integrated approach to tackling climate change and disaster risks” was highlighted during the United Nations Secretary General’s (UNSG) visit to Saint Lucia on the occasion of the Caribbean Community summit in July 2019, and to Fiji during the High Level Political Dialogue with the Pacific Island Forum leaders.
Despite the awareness and acknowledgement of this challenge, the negotiation blocs, which have expertise in climate change, have not been invested in DRR advocacy. Their traditional focus on emissions cuts, and loss and damage has in some exceptional cases been extended. An example is AOSIS, which has adopted the goal of leading the discussion on marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction in the recently launched intergovernmental conference. Similar decisions to lead the negotiations for disaster risk management and reduction at the global level must be taken. This strategic decision can have serious benefits. It can, for instance, lead to the critical questioning of the voluntary nature of the international disaster regime, in particular disaster funding that is based on humanitarian assistance.
Upcoming Strategies and Challenges
“Climatisation” will inform the discussions, to a great extent, in the climate summit. The challenge for SIS lies in identifying what is at stake with regard to “climatised” policy areas and how they can foster the willingness to undertake collective action. The international disaster regime is particularly important, due to our increasing understanding of the link between the impacts of climate change on disasters, and the vulnerabilities of SIS. The SAMOA Pathway, which brings together certain small island developing states to support their sustainable development, is one significant framework the negotiation blocs can collaborate with. By occupying such “climatised” advocacy spaces, the negotiation blocs can come to climate negotiations with better strategies.
This blog post is the last of a series of blog posts on “What to expect in the next Climate Action Summit?” Go back to the beginning of this blog post series.
photo retrieved on pixabay: https://pixabay.com/photos/paradise-lakatoi-canoe-blue-water-945318/. Photo in the public domain. | <urn:uuid:de2578d4-640c-4b89-9c9c-2380b20821e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.foraus.ch/fr/posts/what-to-expect-in-the-upcoming-climate-action-summit-a-closer-look-at-the-small-island-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663011588.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528000300-20220528030300-00007.warc.gz | en | 0.951337 | 1,091 | 3.34375 | 3 |
This is a tale of two stocks of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): the Eastern Pacific stock and the San Miguel Island stock. The Eastern Pacific stock breeds mostly on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, at the northern extent of the breeding range. This stock was listed as depleted in 1988 under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, but not all populations within the stock boundaries display similar population trends. Within the Eastern Pacific stock, the Pribilof Islands population, historically the largest breeding population in the world, has declined dramatically over the past 20 years, whereas a new breeding population at Bogoslof Island has increased exponentially since its discovery in 1980. In contrast, the San Miguel Island stock, which breeds mostly on San Miguel Island, California, at the southern extent of the breeding range, is not listed as depleted because it has increased or been stable since its discovery in 1968.
Over the past 20 years, the San Miguel and Bogoslof Island fur seal populations have thrived while the Pribilof Island population has declined. It is unclear why annual pup production continues to decrease at the Pribilof Islands, but it is likely related to declines in the health, survival, or reproduction of fur seals breeding there. Survival and reproduction of Pribilof Islands fur seals may be affected by factors such as climate shifts in the North Pacific Ocean that alter migratory or foraging patterns, alterations in available prey, new or increased interactions with commercial fisheries that increase mortality rates, or an increase in predation levels. The increase in pup production at Bogoslof and San Miguel Islands is likely influenced by immigration of animals from the Pribilof Islands; however, the movement of animals to Bogoslof and San Miguel Islands cannot solely account for the magnitude of declines documented at the Pribilof Islands.
The U.S. Northern Fur Seal Conservation Plan describes research and actions to be taken to restore the Eastern Pacific stock to a healthy population level. One of its aims is to quantify environmental effects on foraging behaviors and identify essential habitat during the annual cycle of northern fur seals throughout the species' range. To do this, the Marine Mammal Laboratory's Alaska and California Current Ecosystem Programs have taken a collaborative approach in their investigations of the Eastern Pacific and San Miguel Island stocks since the 1970s. The goal is to better understand the interplay between the stocks' biophysical environment, diet, foraging behavior and, ultimately, population dynamics. Comparing the two stocks could help identify ecological drivers of the divergent population trends within and between stocks. This research feature article compares the history of the two stocks and highlights NMML's research investigating population dynamics, foraging behaviors of adult females, and their diet. | <urn:uuid:b6280055-b4e9-45b7-b11b-a5b33b32e7d8> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/tale-two-stocks-studies-northern-fur-seals-breeding-northern-and-southern-extent-range | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487621627.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20210615211046-20210616001046-00035.warc.gz | en | 0.932418 | 559 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Rare Edmonia Lewis Photo Discovered
On a fall day in 2011 two Walters Art Museum colleagues walked into a Baltimore antique shop. Jacqueline Copeland, deputy director for audience engagement, and Joaneath Spicer, curator of renaissance and baroque art, were looking for old photographs of persons of African descent for an exhibition to run parallel with a major exhibition that Spicer was organizing on Africans in Renaissance-era Europe
They searched through several boxes containing faded black and white photos, sepia prints and carte-de-visites (CDVs), a French term for a visitor’s card or calling card. Carte-de-visites bore the owner’s photograph and were used like today’s business card.
In one of the boxes, Copeland recognized the woman shown on a CDV. “Oh my god, this is Edmonia Lewis!” she exclaimed. A sculptor of African and American Indian descent, Edmonia Lewis (1844-1907) was the first black visual artist to achieve broad, international recognition.
Copeland was astonished to find such an image because there were only seven known photographs of Lewis, all taken by the Chicago photographer Henry Roche between 1868-1870. Even though she was confident it was the artist, she sent the card to an expert for verification. A short time later the image was confirmed as the only extant photograph of Edmonia Lewis taken in Rome. But that was not all.
Copeland studied the CDV and did some research. She noticed that the 4 x 2 ½” card containing the image had the name of the studio, its address in Rome, Italy, in the margin directly below the photograph and its trademark on the back. One of the most successful and prestigious ateliers in Europe, Fratelli D’Alessandri studio was founded by Antonio D’Alessandri and his brother Paolo. The studio was popular with the Papal Court and the highest prelates in Rome.
With this information, Copeland speculated that Lewis, a devout Catholic, may have had the picture taken in anticipation of a visit to her Rome studio by Pope Pius IX, sometime before his death in 1878 She also estimated the date of the photograph based on a careful examination of the clothing worn by the artist. For example, the “bustle” didn’t appear in women’s fashion until around 1872. If she had the CDV created in anticipation of the pope’s visit, then the photo must have been taken between 1872 and 1878.
Because of Edmonia Lewis’ extensive efforts to advance her career, Copeland believes more Lewis artwork and ephemera await discovery. “She was so focused on promoting herself,” Copeland explains. “I don’t think we realize how fully she did that -- giving interviews, going to the best places, traveling to Naples with Frederick Douglass, marketing herself.” In her research, Copeland learned about a trip that Lewis made to Baltimore which is possibly how the CDV ended up in the local antique shop.
Copeland wrote Finding Edmonia Lewis, an article about the discovery of the photo for the Walters Members Magazine.
Although the photography exhibition was never organized, the discovery of the Lewis photo has set Copeland on a new course. She’s now working on a longer article on Lewis for the museum’s journal to be published at a later date. Her continuing research may uncover where the sculptor taught newly freed African Americans in Richmond, Virginia, an account of which was revealed in an 1865 Boston newspaper.
In working with Joaneath Spicer on the Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe exhibition, Copeland also helped develop the themes that would be understandable and accessible to visitors. In a general survey of museum visitors prior to the opening of the exhibition, she learned that they had no concept of “Africans” within the context of “Renaissance Europe”; that's why the word, “Revealing,” was inserted into the show’s title. Copeland says that the perception of black servitude in American history is so ingrained that visitors to the exhibition were surprised to learn about the achievement of Africans as “diplomats and church officials” in Renaissance Europe. “They walked away with much more knowledge than they ever thought or knew.”
The Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe is covered in detail in the current print issue of the IRAAA.
Jacqueline Copeland’s research on the Lewis carte-de-visite is the result of a summer 2012 sabbatical during which she searched archives in Rome. Her interest in Edmonia Lewis stems from the 2002 acquisition of a Lewis sculpture, an acquisition made possible by a challenge grant made by Baltimore philanthropists Eddie and C. Sylvia Brown. The Browns donated $500,000 to the Walters to be matched by the museum, creating a $1 million fund for the purchase of historical 18th and 19th century art by African Americans. Copeland and Walters’ curators worked with Steven Jones, an African American material culture specialist, to acquire works for the permanent collection: Street Scene, Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828-1901), Bust of Bishop Benjamin Tucker Tanner, Henry O. Tanner (1859-1937) and the marble bust of Dr. Diocletian Lewis (no relation to the artist), created by Edmonia Lewis in 1868, two years after her arrival in Rome.
The Walters recently purchased the final major work associated with the Brown Challenge Fund, River Scene (1868), a serene landscape by Richard Seldon Duncanson (1821-1872), which is now on view in the Walters’ 19th-Century Galleries.
“Works by these renowned, historical African American artists strengthen the Walters’ collection and furthers the institution’s commitment to inclusivity,” says Copeland. “We want the entire community to feel connected to the art in our permanent collection in addition to enjoying our programs and special exhibitions.”
Steven Jones points out that in River Scene, Duncanson depicted several small finely dressed black figures who are engaged in leisure activities, “demonstrating that although Duncanson worked in the American landscape tradition, he added a nuanced African American perspective.”
Given the dearth of information about early African American artists, it’s heartening to know new discoveries are being made and research is being performed. Jacqueline Copeland is not only directly contributing to the body of knowledge in this area but also providing inspiration to others. “I hope young scholars will be interested in continuing the research,” she says.
Eric Hanks is director of M. Hanks Gallery in Santa Monica, CA and a certified art appraiser specializing in African American art. | <urn:uuid:d893df5b-c110-48d2-b467-2ecd57c00906> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://iraaa.museum.hamptonu.edu/page/Rare-Edmonia-Lewis-Photo-Discovered | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608765.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170527021224-20170527041224-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.962508 | 1,443 | 2.796875 | 3 |
When it comes to captive animals, the word on everyone’s lips nowadays is sanctuary. In May, The Whale Sanctuary Project launched into the public eye with our announcement that we are going to build the first seaside sanctuary in North America for formerly captive beluga whales and orcas. And the National Aquarium recently revealed its plans to build a warm-water sanctuary for the eight bottlenose dolphins currently in their care.
Zoos and aquariums, once cherished cultural institutions, are now being buffeted by a storm of shifting public consciousness about the plight of animals in these facilities. As a result, zoos and aquariums now have to answer some very tough questions about the claims they’ve been making for decades; and they are, largely, at a loss for how to respond.
In the 1960s and 70s, in response to the changing zeitgeist towards greater concern about conservation, zoos and aquariums tried to reinvent themselves as places of education and animal protection. But they didn’t really. Instead, they put on a patina, wrapping themselves in the kinds of public buzzwords and display props that only suggested conservation and education but didn’t deliver. Pools and tanks became “habitats” and polar bear enclosures were painted with fake Arctic scenes. And that is where most zoos and aquariums are today.
But these superficial changes have little to do with being authentic centers of science, education, and conservation. In 2016 there are three facts that remain steadfast: Animal welfare in zoos and aquariums remains poor, impact for the conservation of wild animals is minimal, and these institutions don’t influence public concern for wildlife.
First, many animals suffer from extremely poor welfare in zoos and aquariums. The science is non-negotiable: Many animals like dolphins and whales, bears, elephants, primates, big cats, certain fish, and many others cannot thrive in zoos and aquariums. This is no longer a debatable issue. Nor is it based on opinions. The data have spoken.
Second, the conservation efforts of most zoos and aquariums are very limited. Outcome measures show that, apart from a handful of successes like the reintroduction of the California condor, most zoos and aquariums fail to reintroduce or reinvigorate species and populations endangered in the wild; Elephants serve as an obvious example. They have been kept in zoos for decades and not one has ever been released back into the wild to promote the development of dwindling wild populations in Africa or Asia. In fact, recently the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approved a permit allowing three US zoos to import eighteen wild elephants from Swaziland. For elephants and many other animals, zoos and aquariums are a “one-way ticket to show business.” The same poor conservation record is true of Chinese pandas: There have been hundreds produced through captive breeding but only a few have been reintroduced to their native lands and, of those, only three have survived.
Third and finally, zoos and aquariums still maintain that seeing animals on display promotes conservation values and behaviors in the public. But, to date, this is a claim in need of evidence. We’ve been viewing elephants in zoos for decades, yet they are on the brink of extinction. In fact, a mass extinction event is underway despite the fact that hundreds of millions of people have visited zoos and aquariums. The model just doesn’t work.
So what is the solution? In an ideal world, our species would stop destroying the rest of the planet and exploiting other animals. One initial step in this direction would be to change our concept of what is an appropriate relationship to the other animals we share the planet with. An easy first step would be to start thinking about restoration, reconciliation, and restitution in the form of sanctuaries.
What distinguishes a sanctuary from a zoo? Priorities. In a zoo or aquarium, the priority is the visitor experience, which, in the end, translates into revenue. In a sanctuary, the priority is the health and well-being of the animals. Full stop. And here’s another difference: Zoos and aquariums want to keep going for as long as they can. But anyone who has talked to a sanctuary owner knows that they dream of the day when they will be “put out of business,” when there will be no animals needing rescuing from exploitation and abuse. In sanctuaries, real education and authentic information can be made available to the public because there is no hidden agenda.
Zoos and aquariums must convince their visitors that the animals they hold captive are “happy and healthy” in order to keep the ticket sales flowing. Sanctuaries have no need for this pretense and can be completely transparent as to why they exist. These are the kinds of differences that make all the difference in the world. For instance, commercial facilities promote misleading impressions of the animals and their behavior, e.g., branding entertainment spectacles as demonstrations of “natural” behavior while all along obliterating the autonomy of the animals by imposing obligations to perform, or requiring animals to navigate stressful social interactions in a confined setting. In an authentic sanctuary like the one The Whale Sanctuary Project is developing, the priority is to provide a safe environment that promotes the individual preferences of the residents and provides scientific information to the public about why these animals need to live in the oceans in order to thrive.
Some progressive zoos have started the process of moving from places of entertainment and spectacle to authentic centers of restoration, education and conservation. Sometimes that means coming to the realization that certain animals, like elephants, cannot flourish in zoos and their public display in zoos must end. This is exactly what the Detroit Zoo did when it moved its two elephants to the Performing Animal Welfare Society sanctuary and closed its elephant exhibit in 2005. And this is what the National Aquarium is doing by retiring their dolphin performers to a sanctuary.
These decisions and the kind of self-examination these facilities engage in signal to the public that we are all moving towards a more authentic and relevant model of relating to other animals. Sanctuaries—places of restoration, restitution, active conservation, and education—are the future zoos and aquariums. Eventually the theatrical facilities and theme parks of today will be unrecognizable. Only those institutions that shift their mission toward animal welfare will, and should, survive. The zoo and aquarium community faces a critical choice: Adapt to changes in the culture and give back to the animals what was taken from them or risk going the way of all the endangered species they only claim to conserve. | <urn:uuid:c19f93fd-9c61-4476-b43b-29f6991c51e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.humansandnature.org/emphasizing-animal-well-being-and-choice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612537.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529184559-20170529204559-00394.warc.gz | en | 0.948129 | 1,370 | 3.265625 | 3 |
One of the greatest things about being an EMS provider is the need to use both your brain and your hands as your tools of the trade. You can’t just think about how to apply a splint; you must actually put your hands on the patient to apply a splint. In the same token, you can’t just know how to start an IV, but you must understand why and when. EMS providers must protect both of these tools, and we sometimes do this carelessly. Protecting our brain through rest, proper diet and watching for signs of PTSD are just a few methods and a story for another day. Protecting our hands is done through hand-washing and the use of medical gloves. Seems easy, yet medical providers continuously have low rates of compliance with these basic rules.
When cleaning hands, the CDC recommends the use of alcohol-based sanitizers, unless visibly dirty. Examine your hands for visible contaminants – if so, use soap and water to flush and clean your hands. Regardless of method, when washing your hands, pay attention to the finger tips, in between fingers, and your thumb, as they are the most frequently missed areas. Cleaning should last a minimum of 15-20 seconds.
“Scene Safety, BSI”
We learn about gloves early in our EMS career, reciting the NREMT mantra of “Scene safe, BSI,” and I have seen students test at practical exams wearing gloves the whole day, so they “don’t forget.” While this might seem practical, it is a bad habit. Additionally, if you are learning or practicing an EMS skill, wear gloves. If you were providing bleeding control for a patient, you would be wearing gloves, so use good habits and wear them when you practice. Marcus Luttrell, a former Navy SEAL, earning a Navy Cross and Purple Heart, sums this up perfectly, saying “You play like you practice, and you practice like you play.”
One of the frequently asked questions by new providers is “When should I put on my gloves?” The simple answer? “When you need them.” A good provider wants to be prepared, but remember what the use of gloves is for – helping to protect you from the patient AND the patient from you. Where have your hands been today? Do you have a sniffle? Pets at home? Just finished checking the oil in the ambulance? Imagine doing EMS care for a patient with a compromised immune system after cleaning the station bathrooms.
History of Medical Gloves
Medical gloves were first invented in 1890, through a collaboration between Dr. William Halstead at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and Goodyear Rubber Company. An OR nurse, Caroline Hampton, was developing rashes from the chemicals used in surgeries and her use of the new gloves caught on quickly with other staff having similar reactions. Frighteningly, the first disposable medical glove was not invented for another 75 years, in 1965, and it was not until 1992 that OSHA began requiring the use of medical gloves to protect medical staff.
Gloves, regardless of material, are made by a machine process (see YouTube video to watch the process) and are designed to be thrown away. Let that sink in. One of your primary defenses is something meant for you to throw away.
Journey of a Glove
So, envision you preplan the call you are responding to, and sitting in the passenger seat in the ambulance, you decide to put your gloves on. Let’s follow a common path these gloves might take:
1. Pick up radio mic and indicate that your unit is on scene. Return mic to clip.
2. Open the door to exit ambulance.
3. Close the door to the ambulance.
4. Open the compartment to grab jumpkit.
5. Close the compartment door.
6. Carry the jumpkit (and likely lots of other stuff).
7. Open the door to the residence.
8. Set the jumpkit down.
9. Use portable radio to report you are now with the patient.
10. Touch the patient, take vital signs, perform EMS skills.
When we think about these ten steps, how many contaminants could have been picked up by your gloves? How many times have you opened the door of your ambulance? How often does your jumpkit get washed and decontaminated? What are the chances of holes and tears developing in the gloves? These steps don’t even include lifting, moving and transporting the patient.
Your response may be to put gloves in your pocket and put them on when you reach the patient’s side. Just remember what may be in your pocket. If you are anything like me, you may have keys, a pocketknife, and a cell phone in your pocket, all potential sources of damage to gloves. Keep a pocket clean, and empty for gloves, use a glove holder on your belt, or have easily accessible and labeled pairs in your jumpkit. A prepared provider will carry three pairs – yours, a spare set, and a pair for your partner who always seems to forget.
Taking a moment to put on gloves at your patient’s side allows you a moment to take a breath and begin your visual assessment. It is also akin to your doctor washing their hands before treating you. One of my daughter’s classroom rules is “Hands are for helping, not hurting.” It’s a good rule for all of us.
Marc Minkler is a 30-year paramedic, educator, and student. In his path in EMS, he has worked as an EMS Chief, Training Officer, and multiple other roles. He is the owner of mainelyems.com and seeks out finely crafted beer.
Hand hygiene in healthcare settings (2016, April 28). Retrieved January 2, 2018, from
How it’s made – rubber gloves. (2015, January 21). Retrieved January 2, 2018, from
The history of disposable gloves. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2, 2018, from | <urn:uuid:89cb8f00-3f90-4ca9-b3d4-2759c4cc6e90> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://limmereducation.com/helping-hands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987803441.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022053647-20191022081147-00053.warc.gz | en | 0.951389 | 1,257 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Exploration and Settlement
When did people first migrate to the Western Hemisphere?
From Europe’s discovery of the American Indian at the end of the fifteenth century to the present, the questions of who the native American populations are and how they came to the Western Hemisphere (North and South America and the surrounding waters) have intrigued scholars, clergymen, and laymen. The advancement of anthropology has yielded some answers: Since no skeletal remains of a human physical type earlier than Homo sapiens have yet been found in the Americas, researchers have concluded that the continents were settled through migration. Many scholars believe that Asians came to America during two periods: the first, between 50,000 and 40,000 B.C.; and the second, between 26,000 and 8000 B.C. They are believed to have come by way of a great land or ice bridge (Beringia) over the Bering Strait, between Asia (Russia) and North America (Alaska). (This causeway was covered by water from about 40,000 to 26,000 B.C. because of a period of melting, which would have prevented passage.)
Most scholars also agree that there were several discrete, and perhaps isolated, movements of various peoples from Asia to the Americas. The migrations might have been prompted by population increases in the tribes of central Asia, which impelled some to move eastward in quest of food sources—animals. As game moved across the Bering Strait, hunters followed.
Over time, population growth caused early man to continue southward through the Americas so that by 8000 B.C. there were primitive hunters even in Tierra del Fuego, which forms the southernmost part of South America. Around 5000 B.C. the disappearance of large game animals in both North and South America produced a series of regional developments, culminating in the emergence of several great civilizations, including the Inca, Maya, and Aztec. | <urn:uuid:8e222272-6c15-4f5d-84e8-dda0f1df64f7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.papertrell.com/apps/preview/The-Handy-History-Answer-Book/Handy%20Answer%20book/When-did-people-first-migrate-to-the-Western-Hemisphere/001137010/content/SC/52caff4682fad14abfa5c2e0_Default.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970102 | 394 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Time relays, also called timers, depending on their construction, principle of operation and installation, are divided into analog and electronic devices, which are used to switch electrical circuits and consumers, according to a pre-selected timing diagram and a time interval. According to their maximum time range, there are 24 – hour timers, weekly timers, time relays with switching delay (ON-delay or OFF-delay), cyclic time relays, multifunction time relays and various combinations of all of the above.
Analog timers also include electromechanical and mechanical relays which do not require electrical power. They are also called clock relays. They consist of a mechanical winder, connected to a contact system and clockwork, which serves to adjust the switch-off time.
Turning the winder to the desired time activates countdown and after the manually set time has expired, the contact system changes its state from ON to OFF or vice versa. It is possible that after the pre-set time is over, an audio signal is activated (kitchen clock). A major disadvantage of this type of timers is that they are not very accurate.
This type of action can be realized by electronic timers as well and it is called normal relay time mode. The mode consists of a preset time, after which the relay is activated and the normally open contacts close and the normally closed ones open. A version of this mode is when the relay has a preset switch-off time, but it begins to run when the relay is power supplied – manually or through some automated process.
When we want to achieve the reverse effect, we use a switch-on delay timer. With this function, the countdown time is set in advance and it starts when there is power supply to the relay. After the time is expired, the output switches (i.e. the normally open contact of the output closes and the normally closed contact opens) and remains in that position until the next pulse, interruption or power restart.
A combination of the two modes described above is a timer relay performing a cyclic mode (trigger mode). The name trigger comes from the shape of the voltage curve, which represents sequence of rectangular pulses with length, corresponding to the time of on and off state of the relay (Figure 1). Timers in this mode perform a sequence of intervals: work and pause. In other words, operation time and pause time are pre-set. After supplying power to the relay, it activates the contact system at its output and switches-on until the expiry of the operation time, then resets (switches-off) until the expiry of the pause time. After this time is over, the relay reacts again and this cycle is repeated until the next pulse, interruption or power restart.
When a relay performs the above described functions (ONN-delay, OFF-delay, trigger mode), as well as additional ones, it is called a multifunctional relay.
The principle of operation of weekly and 24-hour timers, also called time programmers, is slightly different. They are mechanical or electronic timers, which are set in real time. Depending on their memory, we can preset a number of switch times of the electrical circuits. According to their installation, there are panel or contact relays.
Contact timers, except the relay mechanism, have in-built contact and are plugged-in directly into a selected mains socket. The managed consumer is plugged-in after the timer.
Panel timers need wiring according to a defined electrical circuit.
With weekly timers we initially set the exact switch-on and switch-off times of consumers for each day of the week and we can choose different modes for each of them. Then, power is supplied to activate the programming of the relay. The weekly operation mode is repeated every week according to the settings of the previous week.
In 24 hour timers, also called daily timers, depending on our willingness, we set only once the times of switching of the consumers for a day, and the cycle is repeated every day.
There are relays which are used mostly for managing staircase lighting in residential buildings, commercial buildings, etc. Their principle of operation is based on the delay switch-off mode or the already familiar normal mode. When connecting a relay in a specific pattern to consumers and after pulse is supplied (start signal) by a staircase button, the loads connected to the relay are activated and work as long as it is set. | <urn:uuid:c5d6ba98-ec35-4e40-b231-65eef6369d0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.blog.vikiwat.com/en/time-relays-timers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710941.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203212026-20221204002026-00168.warc.gz | en | 0.953869 | 903 | 3.71875 | 4 |
ERIC Number: ED359922
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1993-Mar
Reference Count: N/A
Technology in the Classroom: Planning for Educational Change.
Taitt, Henry A.
NASSP Curriculum Report, v22 n4 Mar 1993
To ensure that the classroom of the next century offers all its potential, schools must plan for changes in technology that will bring opportunities that currently can only be imagined. Virtual reality is already amazing, and has the potential to be the most effective method for training people who learn and remember best by doing. Verbal computer communications, multimedia instruction, and global information retrieval all promise to revolutionize education. By the 21st century, students may choose what schools to attend, as well as whether they wish to be educated at home or at school. Competitive public schools are gaining more and more support. Principals of the future will have more power and responsibility than they do today. Some of the issues educators must face now to be ready for the future include: (1) teaching middle school students to program in BASIC; (2) developing a composite laboratory in the school; (3) developing community and home computer use; (4) encouraging computer use by every class, but not necessarily in every classroom; (5) avoiding unproven innovative equipment; (6) supporting teacher education in computer use; and (7) using hardware effectively. Examples of effective computer use are taken from three high schools. (Contains 8 references.) (SLD)
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Literacy, Computer Science Education, Educational Change, Educational Planning, Educational Technology, Elementary Secondary Education, Futures (of Society), High Schools, Information Technology, Inservice Teacher Education, Programing, Public Schools, Technological Advancement, Telecommunications
National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1904 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091-1537 ($4 annual subscription is included in association dues; individual copies, $2; 2-10 copies, $1.75 each; 11-99 copies, $1.25 each; 100 or more copies, $1.15 each; payment must accompany orders of $15 or less).
Publication Type: Collected Works - Serials
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: National Association of Secondary School Principals, Reston, VA. | <urn:uuid:d4706a6a-2129-430f-8ad6-ea9979f36673> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359922 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247495001.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220125916-20190220151916-00061.warc.gz | en | 0.905822 | 497 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The anatomical secrets of the world’s leggiest creature, a millipede with 750 legs, have been revealed by scientists.
Now researchers have found that as well as bearing an extreme number of legs, the creature may have more in common with millipedes that lived millions of years ago than today’s species.
The study is published in the journal ZooKeys.
In 2005, Dr Marek and his brother discovered some of the leggy arthropods lurking under boulders in the mountains of California. Until then, I.plenipes had not been glimpsed since 1926.
A paper published in the journal Nature outlined the rediscovery and described the creature’s basic biology, but the new research looked at the creature’s anatomy in much more detail.
Despite the name – most millipedes have far fewer than 1,000 feet. Most species belonging to the most common order Polydesmida have an average of just 62.
But Dr Marek confirmed that I.plenipes safely holds the record for the leggiest creature: females can have up to 750 legs, while males have up to 562.
“It seems like these legs evolved for their subterranean lifestyle,” he explained.
“They live deep underground: we found them about 10-15cm (4-6in) below the soil’s surface.
“They are typically found clinging onto sandstone boulders. Based on functional morphology of closely related species, it seems like all of these legs evolved to burrow under the ground and to cling onto these large boulders.”
Though they have many limbs, the creatures are small, measuring about about 3cm-long (1in).
Close examination of the creature revealed that it had some ancient features.
Its anatomy retains a number of primitive characteristics”
Dr Paul MarekUniversity of Arizona
Most millipedes chew leaves and decaying vegetation with grinding mouth parts.
But the scientists found that this species had a more rudimentary anatomy. Its jaws are fused to its head, and Dr Marek believes that it pierces and then sucks up plant and fungal tissues to satisfy its appetite.
The creature’s body segments were also more similar to ancient millipedes than to most other species found today.
Dr Marek said that millions of years ago creatures like I.plenipes would have been widespread, but now it was one of the last of its kind.
He explained: “It is a relict species. Its most closely related lineages are in South Africa and there is nothing related to this species in the entire North America region. Its anatomy retains a number of primitive characteristics.”
The animal, which also has a number of other unusual features such as body hairs that secrete silk, is thought to be extremely rare and only found in a small area close to San Francisco.
Dr Marek said: “Based on our search of the area, it seem like it is known in three spots – and these spots are about 4.5km (3 miles) away from one and other.
“It does seem that this creature is restricted both in terms of geography and also evolutionarily.”
Dr Marek, a self-confessed millipede enthusiast, said that rediscovering the record breaking creature was a staggering experience, but that it would be “awesome” if someone unearthed an even leggier creature.
He said: “The name millipede would no longer be a misnomer – it would only need to add a few more segments to get an even 1,000 (legs), which would be fantastic.” | <urn:uuid:aa71fee6-e56c-4f9b-8894-8f7a1852d157> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://zedie.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/worlds-leggiest-millipede-put-under-microscope/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011044030/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091724-00052-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962644 | 767 | 3.46875 | 3 |
- “New Zealand, Māori Land Claims, 1855–1955,” Anne Bromell Collection. Microfilm publication, 3 fiche. Auckland: BAB Microfilming.
- “Māori Land Claims.” Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR), 1858–1980. New Zealand.
As recorded by the New Zealand Parliament, this index contains Māori claims made for land from 1858 to 1980. Information listed includes claimant (person, group, or tribe), year of claim, description of claim, and additional notes. This database is not a comprehensive list of all Māori claims to the New Zealand Parliament for land. Only the petitions that were tabled are included. All claims or reports of claims by Māoris for land or land loss compensation are included, but no Pakeha (European) claims for Māori land are included. Petitions requesting changes to the Native Lands Act, those asking for an increase in rent, or those correspondences negotiating a land sale are also not included.
Information in this index :
- Claimant (person, group, or tribe)
- Year of Claim li>
- Description of Claim
- Additional Notes
To search the entire collection of New Zealand records, click here. | <urn:uuid:323e3499-f5ea-4b20-960c-0e79c533e8ae> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1840 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462710.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00066-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904808 | 272 | 2.53125 | 3 |
We have all heard this expression before — the Greeks had a word for it — primarily because Greek was the first universal language and became the root of many other languages over the centuries. Now the Greeks need a word to define their economic crisis. Here are a few of my suggestions.
Let’s start with a government system that doesn’t promise everything to everybody without expecting anybody to pay for it. This was evident over the last few months while the European Union threatened to cut off their monetary system. A good word would be “austerity.”
Unfortunately, the Greek people have already rejected this concept. They took to the streets with violent protests against any austerity program that would take away the giveaways.
With the government backed against the wall of European Community resistance of more bailout funds, the Greek government had no choice but to close the banks.
Let’s try another word to define a Greek economic recovery: “liquidity,” meaning funds to meet government debt and keep business flowing.
After three weeks of limited access to their money or for business transactions, the stubborn leadership that had promised no more austerity was forced to reverse its opposition to the reform demands and restore bank reserves for liquidity.
I cannot decipher if the Greeks have a keyword for their crisis, but “reality” might do for the country’s future. Some of the principal cutbacks required for the extension of bailout include workers retiring at a later age with perhaps fewer pension benefits.
The same would apply to a multitude of social programs that have accumulated over several generations of socialism and become a way of life without adequate support.
Another major reform would install a mechanism to enforce collection of taxes that the Greek citizens have deftly been avoiding for many years.
No country can maintain an economic balance without an appropriate basis for taxation to support its programs. If the authorities allow taxpayers to dodge reporting their income or make an effort to collect past due taxes, the country’s economy is doomed for failure, as we have seen.
Another issue that has been widely debated concerns Greece remaining in the European Union. Many critics contend that it wasn’t adequately qualified when it was taken into the monetary system. Certainly the country’s failure to meet its bonded debt provided by other EU countries proves that the country was not economically stable in the first place.
Greece is not the only EU nation having financial difficulties. Ever since the recession began eight years ago, most of the socialist governments have suffered economic setbacks. Germany, with a more conservative leadership, survived the recession and continues to be the primary lender of the EU monetary system.
Perhaps the experience that Germany had to unite an extreme socialist state when East Germany joined West Germany in 1990 demonstrated the folly of providing social benefits that are not sustainable.
Sweden, which had been the poster child of a successful socialism society, began to suffer during the recession and modified its programs.
Use of the phrase, “the Greeks have a word for it,” has many references. I often am curious about the word defining the situation that I am writing about. That meant checking Wikipedia for the source.
It is not as old as you might expect for a language as ancient as Greek. It actually came to public attention as the name of a 1930 bawdy Broadway play that was very popular and launched the career of the playwright Zoe Akins. The screen rights were acquired by 20th Century Fox in 1932 to star Joan Blondell, Madge Evans and Ina Claire, big cinema stars of the day.
Then the film industry’s censor, known as the Hays Office, became concerned the word “it” to be suggestive. To get approved for public viewing, the film was renamed “Three Broadway Girls.” Hollywood mavens thought the censors were being somewhat stuffy.
When the play was filmed again in 1953 starring Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall, “it” was still considered too risqué (can you believe that?), so the film was titled “How to Marry a Millionaire.”
Its success launched the career of Marilyn Monroe and renewed interest in Akins’ play for television using the original title and thus introduced the phrase, “the Greeks have a word for it” into our language.
If Greece ever finds a word for its economic crisis, the sacrifices required to implement a recovery might not be tolerated. Then it will be a real Greek tragedy. | <urn:uuid:5f8ebbd0-e210-4873-9496-0ed95803afad> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://www.sddt.com/News/article.cfm?SourceCode=20150723tzb | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670729.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121023525-20191121051525-00115.warc.gz | en | 0.975978 | 925 | 2.796875 | 3 |
- Shechem is the first city of Canaan mentioned in the Bible. The land promise to Abraham was restated here (Genesis 12:6-7).
- Jacob and his family settled at Shechem (Genesis 33:18). Jacob purchased a parcel of ground and erected an altar here.
- Joseph’s brothers had gone from Bethlehem to near Shechem to graze their flocks (Genesis 37:12-13).
- After entering Canaan, the Israelites gathered at Shechem on Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal to hear Joshua read the blessings and curses of the Law (Joshua 8:30-34; cf. Deuteronomy 28-30).
- Shechem was within the territory of Ephraim and served as a city of refuge (Joshua 20:7; 21:21).
- Joseph was buried in a parcel of ground bought by Jacob (Joshua 24:32).
- The Shechemites supported Abimelech in his bid to be ruler and gave him money from their temple of Baal-berith (Judges 8:33; 9). Jotham’s addressed the people of Shechem from Mount Gerizim with a fable (Judges 9:7ff.).
- After the Exile, Shechem became a major religious center of the Samaritans. Their temple was built on Mount Gerizim (John 4:20-21).
- Jesus visited Jacob’s Well near Shechem (John 4).
The general vicinity around Shechem was associated with the northern kingdom of Israel after the death of Solomon.
- Shechem served as the temporary headquarters for the northern kingdom (1 Kings 12:25) beginning about 931 B.C.
- The capital of Israel was moved to Tirzah during the reign of Baasha (908-886 B.C.; 1 Kings 15:21; 16:16).
- After six years at Tirzah, king Omri (885-874 B.C.) purchased the hill of Samaria for his capital (1 Kings 16:24). The capital remained there until the city was captured by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.
- (Dates are those from Mckinny, The Regnal Chronology of the Kings of Judah and Israel: An Illustrated Guide.)
Tirzah is located about 7 miles northeast of Shechem, and Samaria is about 7 miles northwest of Shechem.
Judges 9:37 recounts people “coming down from the center of the land” as they came down from Mount Gerizim. Bernhard W. Anderson uses the term navel says,
In the ancient period it was claimed that Shechem was the center of Canaan. (BA 20:1, 1957)
In introducing the series of articles on Shechem in the same issue of Biblical Archaeologist, G. Ernest Wright used the title “Navel of the Land.” That makes it fairly easy for us to remember it’s location on the map.
Talk about location!
For additional posts on Shechem, Gerizim, Jacob’s Well, or the Samaritans, type one of the terms in the search box. | <urn:uuid:4d46a20a-74de-4ad6-89d7-39e14dbb6365> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://ferrelljenkins.blog/2016/05/21/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439736883.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200806061804-20200806091804-00019.warc.gz | en | 0.942558 | 669 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The twenty-fifth day of December.
In the five thousand one hundred and ninety-ninth year of the creation of the world
from the time when God in the beginning created the heavens and the earth;
the two thousand nine hundred and fifty-seventh year after the flood;
the two thousand and fifteenth year from the birth of Abraham;
the one thousand five hundred and tenth year from Moses
and the going forth of the people of Israel from Egypt;
the one thousand and thirty-second year from David's being anointed king;
in the sixty-fifth week according to the prophecy of Daniel;
in the one hundred and ninety-fourth Olympiad;
the seven hundred and fifty-second year from the foundation of the city of Rome;
the forty second year of the reign of Octavian Augustus;
the whole world being at peace,
in the sixth age of the world,
Jesus Christ the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father,
desiring to sanctify the world by his most merciful coming,
being conceived by the Holy Spirit,
and nine months having passed since his conception,
was born in Bethlehem of Judea of the Virgin Mary,
being made flesh.
The Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh. | <urn:uuid:a12c4747-6f70-45f2-86f8-493646872080> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.remnantnewspaper.com/web/index.php/articles/item/97-puer-natus-in-bethlehem | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060677.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928092646-20210928122646-00457.warc.gz | en | 0.924858 | 268 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Scombridae
(Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range
Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range ? - 100 m (Ref. 6390), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 6390). Tropical; 7°S - 35°S, 110°E - 157°E (Ref. 168)
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); common length : 80.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); max. published weight: 12.2 kg (Ref. 3132)
(total): 16 - 18;
soft rays: 16 - 20;
Vertebrae: 48 - 49. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Swim bladder absent. Body covered with small scales. Membrane of first dorsal fin jet black with large contrasting areas of intense white between the 6th and the last spine. Sides of adults marked with about three indefinite rows of indistinct bronze-gray blotches (absent in 9.5 cm juveniles).
Western Pacific: largely confined to inshore coastal waters of southern Papua New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia, from Shark Bay and Onslow, Western Australia to Sydney, New South Wales. This species was confused with Scomberomorus guttatus.
Schooling species which moves into inshore waters, bays and estuaries of Queensland during the southern midwinter and early spring. Often inhabit very turbid coastal waters shallower than 30 m (Ref. 6390). Common length 50 to 80 cm FL (Ref. 12241). Seasonally migratory in the Gulf of Carpentaria and form mixed schools with S. commerson over shallow reefs offshore of Queensland. Trolling lines with lures such as metal spoons and cut bait are used by recreational and commercial fishermen. Mostly marketed fresh (Ref. 9987).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 96402)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 6390)
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00366 - 0.01807), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 4.5 ±0.8 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=1-2).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100) . | <urn:uuid:fab304f0-de88-4332-bc87-333ceeb4beca> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Scomberomorus-queenslandicus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929561.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00184-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.796679 | 896 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Off in the Caribbean, Ryann Rossi dives deep into the region’s mangrove ecosystems.
Mangroves are beneficial both environmentally and economically. These halophytes — plants adapted to grow in saltwater — provide an estimated $1.6 billion in ecosystem services worldwide, protecting and stabilizing shorelines, creating homes for fish and aiding carbon sequestration.
Rossi centers her study on three factors: insect grazing, disease and high salinity — their impacts both individually and in cooperation with each other. For instance, she used DNA sequencing and morphology to identify a pathogen of interest and combined it with her earlier research on grazing by the robust bush cricket. Results suggested a possible link, leading to further investigation.
Her goal: find the causes of mangrove die-off and figure out how to prevent it. | <urn:uuid:48ff99ce-cf0f-462a-9598-fb08bdc108d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://dev.cals.ncsu.edu/news/saving-mangroves-ryann-rossi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687834.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921172227-20170921192227-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.941257 | 170 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Governmental tax authorities determine commercial property taxes using an assigned mill levy and a property's assessment value, according to Investopedia. Tax authorities calculate mill levies by assigning a number of mills to properties for tax purposes, one mill being equivalent to 0.1 percent of the property's assessed value.
Assessors determine the value of a commercial properties as income-producing properties, taking into account the net income likely produced by the property based on history among other factors, reports Investopedia. Assessors thus use a different method for evaluating such properties than they use for evaluating residential property values.
Property taxes pay for various public services, including schools, emergency agencies, public transportation, parks and libraries, states Investopedia. Authorities from the city, county, school districts and other entities assign mills to relevant properties depending on the funds needed to be raised for the budget year and according to committee or legislative approval. The tax authorities add up these mills to determine property taxes based on property values assessments. For example, if the city assigns 20 mills, the county 25 mills and the school district 10 mills, the assigned mills on an assessed property value is 55 mills, or 5.5 percent of that value. A commercial property with a value of a million dollars owes $55,000 in property taxes. | <urn:uuid:46f289d8-2e72-41dc-bfc9-13ffc7a7771b> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.reference.com/business-finance/determine-commercial-property-tax-rates-4d976835ff670953 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742906.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20181115182450-20181115204450-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.904885 | 261 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Uganda has joined the rest of the world to celebrate the World Cities Day this Sunday, 31 October 2021, in line with the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/239 of 27 December 2013, which emanated from the Shanghai International Expo 2010 deliberations.
The UN General Assembly designated every 31st October as World Cities Day to provide an opportunity for the promotion of global interests in urbanization, and engender international cooperation to address the challenges of urbanization, in turn contributing to sustainable urban development.
Over half of the world’s population lives in cities, a figure expected to increase by three billion by 2050. Uganda is a predominantly rural nation with approximately 20 per cent the population living and working in urban areas, and urbanizing at 5.2 per cent annually.
Uganda is joining the rest of the World on this day focusing on the promotion of sustainable urbanization.
According to Sheila Naturinda, the day gives individuals, communities, and government officials a chance to highlight challenges and find solutions. All in relation to cities, towns, and communities. She is the Communications Specialist at the World Bank’s Uganda Support to Municipal Infrastructure Development (USMID-AF) Programme.
“The UN General Assembly designated October 31 as the World Cities Day for the world to promote their interest in global sustainable urbanization, push forward co-operation among countries and cities in meeting opportunities and addressing challenges of urbanization,” she said.
Furthermore, she said various engagements have been planned as part of the celebration. This year’s theme draws focus to cities that are prone to environmental disasters because of the concentration of socio-economic assets.
Naturinda said that building the adaptive capacity and cultivating the social capital that already exists will reduce disaster risks. She added that it will also strengthen urban resilience to often unpredictable shocks and stresses due to climatic changes.
“Adapting cities for climate resilience is being intentional about helping cities and their residents prepare for, mitigate and respond to risks posed by both predictable and unpredictable shocks and stresses due to climatic changes,” she said. | <urn:uuid:66177022-b9bf-42d8-8f18-ff8efb3c46af> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://eagle.co.ug/2021/10/29/uganda-to-use-world-cities-day-to-promote-sustainable-urbanization.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662644142.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20220529103854-20220529133854-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.945832 | 428 | 2.875 | 3 |
The last decade has witnessed the advent of nanotechnology and advances in communications which made it technologically feasible and economically viable to develop low-power devices that integrate general-purpose computing with multipurpose sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Recently, in the attempt to apply wireless sensors to human activities it has been recognized that it would be beneficial to augment sensor networks with terrestrial or aerial mobile robots able to make complex decisions and take appropriate actions on themselves, sensors, and/or the environment. Such a new development would pave the way for various new applications and could allow mobile robots to assist sensor networks in fixing connectivity issues. They could, for example, act as a relay between disconnected network areas, by recharging/replacing sensors whose battery has depleted, offloading their data, and so on. Several approaches have been designed to either make these entities communicate more efficiently or perform dedicated cooperative tasks (e.g., mapping, exploration, and tracking). However, general concepts or solutions are still missing to realize the full potential of mobile robots such as robot integration in a sensor network, robot cooperation, controlled mobility management, energy management, or the managing the heterogeneity in hardware and communication technology.
The main goal of this special issue is to improve the understanding of the two challenging technologies, wireless networks, and mobile robotics. In particular, we welcome articles that discuss how mobile robots can foster and accelerate particular tasks in wireless networked systems (IoT, 5G, M2M, CPS, WSN, WSAN, etc.). We also encourage the submission of articles focusing on machine learning and big data analytics algorithms applied to communicating robots.
Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:
Robot integration in
Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Systems
IoT, Internet of robotic things
Cyber-physical, Machine-to-Machine, and wireless sensor and actuator networks systems
Machine learning and big data analytics acceleration application to robotic networks
Robot and sensor assisted localization techniques
Robot deployment in smart environments
Robots in the context of Industry 4.0
Mobile Robotic Wireless Networks Applications and Testbeds
Secure communications in Mobile Robotic Wireless Networks
Cooperative control and communication for task assignment, goal achievement, consensus, and so on
Wireless and other energy harvesting applications of mobile robots
Information fusion in the context of Mobile Robotic Wireless Networks
Authors can submit their manuscripts through the Manuscript Tracking System at https://mts.hindawi.com/submit/journals/wcmc/rmwn/
Submission Deadline Friday, 8 March 2019
Publication Date July 2019
Papers are published upon acceptance, regardless of the Special Issue publication date. | <urn:uuid:f8a3a360-90a8-4e88-bd9c-e3e1cea3fd9e> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://multirobotsystems.org/?q=node/347 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584328678.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123085337-20190123111337-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.912832 | 548 | 2.59375 | 3 |
While we are limited in our travel resources, we have found ways to journey to different places from inside our home. Through books, videos, websites, and projects we are able to peek into, and experience a little bit of various cultures from all over the world. We are currently Learning About African Culture in our homeschool.
About Growing Peace
Growing Peace – A Story of Farming, Music, and Religious Harmony by Richard Sobol
I received Growing Peace in exchange for an honest review. All the opinions below are mine and I was not required to write a positive review. Please see my full Disclosure Policy for more details.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, J. J. Keki, a Ugandan musician and coffee farmer, was in New York, about to visit the World Trade Center. Instead, J.J. witnessed the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers. He came away from this event with strong emotions about religious conflict. Why should people be enemies because of their religions?
Back home in his village, J.J. was determined to find a way for people who held different religious beliefs to work together. He saw that the neighborhood children, from Jewish, Muslim, and Christian families, played with one another without a care about religion. Why not enlist their parents, all coffee farmers like himself, in a cooperative venture around a shared goal? Together they would grow, harvest, and sell their coffee. At the same time, they would bridge religious differences to work and live together peacefully.
Here is a rare and timely story of hope, economic cooperation, and religious harmony from an often struggling part of the world. From J.J.’s vision, his community has achieved what many people strive for: a growing peace.
A Few Facts About Uganda
- Uganda, twice the size of Pennsylvania, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the west by Congo, on the north by the Sudan, on the east by Kenya, and on the south by Tanzania and Rwanda. The country, which lies across the equator, is divided into three main areas—swampy lowlands, a fertile plateau with wooded hills, and a desert region. Lake Victoria forms part of the southern border.
- There is a rule in Uganda regarding cutting of trees. The Rule is, if you cut one tree, then you will need to plant three trees.
- Uganda was referred to as the pearl of Africa by Winston Churchill because of its magnificence.
- Nearly 50% of the population in Uganda is under the age of 14. With such a low age, it is the world’s youngest country.
- If you are presented with a meal of pan fried grasshoppers in Uganda, consider yourself a special guest because it is one of the favorite treats in the country!
- There are more than 3,000 different groups of indigenous people living in Africa. They have their own language and culture.
- Major Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production Agricultural Products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry
- Natural Resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
- Major Exports: coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold Major Imports: capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
- Currency: Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Resources for Learning About Africa
Here are some great resources for learning about African culture and geography.
- Time for Kids – Destination Uganda
- Uganda Flag Printables
- Activities, Power Points and more!
- Lesson Plans for Exploring African Culture
- Africa Lapbook
- African Nations Notebooking Pages
Check out more great Children’s Books About Africa. Books are a great way for kids to begin learning about African culture, as told through stories and pictures of the people themselves. This list includes both picture books and non-fiction books to round out your study!
Also Check Out
Multicultural Children’s Book Day
Multicultural Children’s Book Day 2017 (1/27/17) is in its fourth year and was founded by Valarie Budayr from Jump Into A Book and Mia Wenjen from PragmaticMom. Our mission is to raise awareness on the ongoing need to include kid’s books that celebrate diversity in home and school bookshelves while also working diligently to get more of these types of books into the hands of young readers, parents and educators.
Despite census data that shows 37% of the US population consists of people of color, only 10% of children’s books published have diversity content. Using the Multicultural Children’s Book Day holiday, the MCBD Team are on a mission to change all of that.
MCBD 2017 is honored to have some amazing Sponsors on board. Platinum Sponsors include Scholastic, Barefoot Books and Broccoli. Other Medallion Level Sponsors include heavy-hitters like Author Carole P. Roman, Audrey Press, Candlewick Press, Fathers Incorporated, KidLitTV, Capstone Young Readers, ChildsPlayUsa, Author Gayle Swift, Wisdom Tales Press, Lee& Low Books, The Pack-n-Go Girls, Live Oak Media, Author Charlotte Riggle, Chronicle Books and Pomelo Books
Author Sponsor Include:
Karen Leggett Abouraya, Veronica Appleton, Susan Bernardo, Kathleen Burkinshaw, Maria Dismondy, D.G. Driver, Geoff Griffin, Savannah Hendricks, Stephen Hodges, Carmen Bernier-Grand,Vahid Imani, Gwen Jackson, Hena, Kahn, David Kelly, Mariana Llanos, Natasha Moulton-Levy, Teddy O’Malley, Stacy McAnulty, Cerece Murphy, Miranda Paul, Annette Pimentel, Greg Ransom, Sandra Richards, Elsa Takaoka, Graciela Tiscareño-Sato, Sarah Stevenson, Monica Mathis-Stowe SmartChoiceNation, Andrea Y. Wang
MCBD’s CoHost Team:
We’d like to also give a shout-out to MCBD’s impressive CoHost Team who not only hosts the book review link-up on celebration day, but who also work tirelessly to spread the word of this event. View our CoHosts HERE.
Connect with MCBD:
- Free Multicultural Books for Teachers
- Free Kindness Classroom Kit for Homeschoolers, Organizations, Librarians and Educators
- Free Diversity Book Lists and Activities for Teachers and Parents | <urn:uuid:a9f76fd1-5e78-4680-884e-755f146a1f69> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.startsateight.com/growing-peace-learning-about-african-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141211510.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130065516-20201130095516-00323.warc.gz | en | 0.930077 | 1,403 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The red bead experiment was created as a gift for W. E. Deming as a demonstration of the Illusion of Management. The Red Bead Experiment consists of a paddle with 50 slots and a group of “willing workers”. The workers are instructed to dip the paddle into the pan of beads (white & red) which contains 20% red beads & 80% white beads. The goal of is to produce white beads, as the customer will not accept red beads. The workers are required to read the detailed work instructions and extract the beads from the pan using the paddle. A trained quality inspector counts the beads and records the results. “Management” provides encouragement and administers discipline to “poor performers”. An example of the kit is provided below (source).
To illustrate the experiment I’ve
typed names in an excel spreadsheet selected 6 “willing workers” who have graciously applied. Each worker randomly generates carefully scoops 50 beads each week and the total number of red beads is diligently recorded by the inspector. After 4 weeks the average number of defects (red beads) is calculated for each “willing worker”. The quality manager presents the results to the staff at the monthly management review with the following chart.
The conversation likely goes as follows:
Quality Manager: “Here is the average weekly scrap performance for each operator. As you can see they all missed the target of 4 red beads per week; however, Brad was quite close.”
Human Resources Manager:”Tom was the worst performer. We need to consider putting him on a performance improvement plan“.
Production Manager: “We need to create a quality mindset and start doing things right the first time”
Engineering Manager: “I’ll have the process engineers watch Brad and try to glean any Best Practices”
Next Management Review:
Quality Manager: ” The results from the previous month have not improved. We need to make quality a priority”
Human Resources: “Tom’s performance has clearly not improved. I recommend we move to terminate him. Brad’s performance has also been impacted by everyone else’s. And Tessa is only getting worse!”
Production Manager: “We must drive accountability down to the operators”
Engineering Manager: “Clearly they [operators] are not following the standard work”
Final Management Review:
Quality Manager: “The results are not improving…. We need to hold the supervisors accountable”
Human Resources: “The New Girl is an improvement over Tessa and Brad is heading in the right direction now. I don’t know what else you want me to do!”
Production Manager: “I keep emphasizing quality in the kick off meetings… these people are just not getting it!”
If the fictitious scenario created using a random number generator in excel hits close to home, you have my condolences. This example and Deming’s Red Bead experiment are intended to help managers think about the system and processes which generate the results. They also illustrate how “data driven” thinking with a touch of confirmation bias can get out of hand quickly as managers perpetuate the Illusion of Management.
For more info on the Red Bead Experiment check out this Youtube video here . Also for an additional resource on Dr. Deming, please check out the book linked below. | <urn:uuid:5901acbe-52b9-409b-a537-1538a04f4dbe> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://theillusionofmanagement.blog/2018/02/24/are-you-living-in-a-red-bead-experiment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861752.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619021643-20180619041643-00333.warc.gz | en | 0.940558 | 714 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Development is the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span. Several famous psychologists, including Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Lawrence Kohlberg, describe development as a series of stages. A stage is a period in development in which people exhibit typical behavior patterns and establish particular capacities. The various stage theories share three assumptions:
The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud first described personality development as a series of stages. Of these stages, Freud believed that early childhood was the most important. He believed that personality developed by about the age of five.
Freud’s theory of personality development is described in more detail on pages 268-–273 of Chapter 13, “Personality.”
Like Freud, Erik Erikson believed in the importance of early childhood. However, Erikson believed that personality development happens over the entire course of a person’s life. In the early 1960s, Erikson proposed a theory that describes eight distinct stages of development. According to Erikson, in each stage people face new challenges, and the stage’s outcome depends on how people handle these challenges. Erikson named the stages according to these possible outcomes:Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
In the first year after birth, babies depend completely on adults for basic needs such as food, comfort, and warmth. If the caretakers meet these needs reliably, the babies become attached and develop a sense of security. Otherwise, they may develop a mistrustful, insecure attitude.Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Between the ages of one and three, toddlers start to gain independence and learn skills such as toilet training, feeding themselves, and dressing themselves. Depending on how they face these challenges, toddlers can develop a sense of autonomy or a sense of doubt and shame about themselves. | <urn:uuid:efe06712-613b-4a54-bf63-206b79a6ccef> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/development/section1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402131986.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20201001174918-20201001204918-00300.warc.gz | en | 0.947964 | 386 | 4.125 | 4 |
aligning lines of text when using bullets
i am having a problem getting second lines of text line up with the first when i use bullets or numbers.....i have looked through paragraph styles and cant figure it out...if anyone has any ideas it would help a lot
mike158158, welcome to the Café.
You can use Tabs and Indents to align your bullets and text.
In your document, Type>Show Hidden Characters.
Type in your text with your bullets. Insert a tab between bullet and text.
Place your cursor inside the paragraph.
Type>Tab to show your Tab ruler.
Adjust the Tab Stops.
To get the second line to align, adjust the bottom Tab Stop. (Shift and drag)
Or you can type in the Left Indent in the top Control panel.
Hope that helps.
You also asked about numbers aligning.
Insert tabs in your text.
Next use Align to Decimal tab stop.
[Edited on 5/24/2008 by KRB] | <urn:uuid:7d9c5659-82ba-403f-b00b-c917f6c831db> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://photoshopcafe.com/cafe/showthread.php?39705-aligning-lines-of-text-when-using-bullets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802772281.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075252-00050-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.858493 | 214 | 2.953125 | 3 |
A New Currency for a New Japan
On 27 September 2021, an icon of Japanese coinage will be auctioned off as part of the Schwarz Collection offered by Künker: the 20 yen piece of 1870 of which only very few specimens were minted to be given to dignitaries of the imperial court.
The fast industrialization of Japan, which started in the years after 1868,
did already amaze and impress those who witnessed it at the time. While
other Far Eastern countries of the 19th century became more and more
dependent on western countries, Japan managed to stay independent while
making use of European technology and know-how. The foundations for this
development were laid during the Boshin civil war.
((01 – The Battle of Toba–Fushimi at the gates of Kyoto. Wood engraving
“... So That We Would Not Suffer the Same Fate as India and China”
The Boshin War marked the beginning of the Miji era, i.e. the period between 25 January 1868 and 30 July 1912. The opponents were, on the one side, the supporters of the Tokugawa shogunate, on the other side all those who wanted a strict central government under the rule of young Emperor Mutsuhito. The underlying cause for this military conflict was Japan’s economy: the opening of Japan had triggered a rampant inflation. Every Japanese was affected. Prices had risen by more than 650% on average, and the price of rice, a highly important foodstuff, had increased by as much as 800%.
Above all, educated young people blamed the policies of the Tokugawa shogunate for the economic misery. When Emperor Komei died on 30 January 1867, they hoped for a new beginning under the rule of the just 14-year-old Emperor Mutsuhito, who chose the meaningful throne name Meiji (= enlightened rule). What remains remarkable about the Boshin War is the fact that both the victors and the defeated deliberately rejected foreign aid, which, by the way, would have certainly been offered. France, in particular, could only be kept from intervening in the war with much effort and diplomacy.
The reason why the political powers of Japan did not want aid from other countries were expressed by the commander of Edo on the occasion of the surrender on 6 April 1868: “Since the outbreak of the so-called foreign crisis, the Tokugawa did not only hold council among themselves but informed the [entire] empire, not thinking about their own benefit so that we would not suffer the same fate as India and China.”
Japan as a Client
Thus, Japan was not politically obliged to any western power after the change of rule and could choose its business partners based on economic rather than diplomatic considerations. It became a client eagerly courted by all countries.
The corps formed by young civil servants (the average age of them was just over 30 years) were ready to break new ground. The Iwakura Mission – during which high-ranking politicians negotiated the repeal of unequal treaties and, at the same time, studied and evaluated western institutions – became legendary. When this mission started at the end of 1871, Japan already had a new currency and its own mint, where western-style coins were produced – a clear sign of the importance the government attached to a new currency for the recovery of Japanese economy.
((02 – The Japan Mint. Photo of around 1900.))
The Mint of Hong Kong Was Transferred to Osaka
As early as in 1868, the Japanese Minister of Finance took care of the monetary issue. He was lucky: the British mint in Hong Kong was dissolved, and Japan was able to obtain the entire equipment of the mint. The minister even succeeded in convincing the former mint director Thomas William Kinder to come to Japan. He received a salary of $1,045 per month, making him one of the best-paid foreigners in Japan. When he came to Osaka in 1870, another foreigner, Thomas James Water, had already erected the buildings for the new mint.
The location they chose was Osaka, the trade hub of the time, which was to develop into “Japanese Manchester” over the following decades. One reason for this was the mint, which turned out to be a center of innovation. Here, western-style manufacturing methods were adapted for numerous products that Japan had not produced industrially before. Thus, mint director Kinder equipped his mint with gasworks for lighting and began producing sulfuric acid in Osaka. Sulfuric acid was then, as is today, one of the most widely produced chemical substances, which is why its production volume is considered an indicator of a country’s degree of economic development.
Incidentally, western habits spread from the mint to the city of Osaka: the employees demonstratively wore western-style clothes and decided to go without the sword and the traditional samurai topknot.
((03 - Japan. Mutsuhito, 1867-1912. 20 yen, year 3 (= 1870), Osaka.
Purchased in 1937 at the Munich coin shop of Otto Helbing. Very rare.
Extremely fine to FDC. NGC MS65+. From Künker Auction 352 (2021), 1548.
Estimate: 20,000 euros.))
A New Currency
In 1869, the Japanese government decided to abandon the old currency hotchpotch in favor of a single national currency. What this means is illustrated by a survey of the Japanese Ministry of Economy of 1868: it found that between 1603 and 1867, a total of 1,694 different denominations had been issued and were still circulating. They were all to be replaced with new western-style coins based on the decimal system. They were called “yen” due to the circular shape of the coin. “Yen” simply means “circle” or “round”.
Three important Japanese artists created the design for the new single currency: it depicts a dragon on the obverse and the sun on the reverse as a reference to the Japanese Tenno – the emperor was considered to be the descendant of both Amaterasu, the sun goddess, and Watatsumi, the dragon god.
This design was sent to the Royal Mint in London, where Leonard Charles Wyon created dies for eight denominations. This resulted in patterns created by the Royal Mint, probably in the hope of winning Japan as a customer. But when the patterns arrived in Japan in April 1870, the mint in Osaka was already well-equipped to mint their own coins.
Was it a matter of national honor not to adopt the British design but to modify it? Anyway, the reverse was extensively revised and an additional denomination was created: the golden 20 yen piece.
Künker is able to offer one of these icons of Japanese coinage as an outstanding object from the of the Schwarz Collection, which will be auctioned off in sale 352 on 27 September 2021. The piece was purchased in 1937 at the Munich coin dealer Helbing. Since then, it has been part of the Hermann Schwarz Collection. Its outstanding quality, NGC graded it MS 65+, is due to the fact that it never entered circulation.
We can think of this 20 yen piece as sort of a pattern that was created before the law on the new currency was adopted in 1871. The few pieces that were minted before this date were probably exclusively given to the emperor and high-ranking officials. One might even assume that they were presented on the occasion of the Tenno’s visit to the Osaka mint. After all, we know that the Japanese Emperor visited the mint in person. How proud Thomas William Kinder was about this is demonstrated by the fact that this visit was even mentioned in his obituary. The Tenno seemed to have honored his mint master: Kinder was officially received at the imperial court three or four times before his departure in 1875.
Kinder left behind a well-functioning mint and qualified technicians capable of supplying their country with the coins it needed for its economic advancement. Thus, the 20 yen piece of 1870 is an impressive symbol for Japan’s ability to make use of western-style technologies to the benefit of its own prosperity.
Source: Fritz Rudolf Kuenker GmbH and Co. KG | <urn:uuid:4e1f3fab-23bf-4b28-a651-2ef6db9070ac> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.greysheet.com/news/story/a-new-currency-for-a-new-japan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476592.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304232829-20240305022829-00681.warc.gz | en | 0.977838 | 1,716 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Zip code and race are two of the strongest predictors of life expectancy for Americans, and African Americans fare the worst in terms of mortality and health among all racial and ethnic groups. A large body of research has documented the significance of social factors on health status. These “social determinants of health” are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, age and die: housing, neighborhood safety, schools, wage and workplace conditions, transportation, access to healthy food and water as well as proximity to environmental hazards. Social determinants are shaped by unequal distribution of money, power, and other resources.
Social determinants are compounded by a health care system where providers are less likely to treat people of color with chronic illnesses. Several studies document discrimination against Black patients, including children, in need of pain management.
Women of color report challenges to the legitimacy of their illnesses. Communities of color often lack access or adequate choices in primary care, specialty, dental and mental health providers.
- African Americans and LatinXs in Connecticut are much more likely experience diabetes, asthma, stroke than are whites.
- In Connecticut, people of color are much more likely to have complications after inpatient care and more likely to be readmitted to the hospital after discharge.
- There are substantial racial/ethnic disparities within Connecticut’s inpatient mental health and substance abuse services. | <urn:uuid:98311912-4a16-4c9c-8c57-e0ec6f0a3825> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://moralmondayct.org/demands/eliminate-health-and-mental-health-disparities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988882.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508151721-20210508181721-00555.warc.gz | en | 0.953012 | 281 | 3.34375 | 3 |
How to add arrows to line / column chart in Excel?
If there is column chart or line chart in your worksheet, sometimes, you need to add the arrows to the column chart to indicate the relationship of increasing and decreasing. Actually, there isn’t a direct way to add the arrows to the column bar, but you can draw the arrow shapes and copy them to the column chart. Today, I will talk about how to add arrows to the line or column chart.
- Reuse Anything: Add the most used or complex formulas, charts and anything else to your favorites, and quickly reuse them in the future.
- More than 20 text features: Extract Number from Text String; Extract or Remove Part of Texts; Convert Numbers and Currencies to English Words.
- Merge Tools: Multiple Workbooks and Sheets into One; Merge Multiple Cells/Rows/Columns Without Losing Data; Merge Duplicate Rows and Sum.
- Split Tools: Split Data into Multiple Sheets Based on Value; One Workbook to Multiple Excel, PDF or CSV Files; One Column to Multiple Columns.
- Paste Skipping Hidden/Filtered Rows; Count And Sum by Background Color; Send Personalized Emails to Multiple Recipients in Bulk.
- Super Filter: Create advanced filter schemes and apply to any sheets; Sort by week, day, frequency and more; Filter by bold, formulas, comment...
- More than 300 powerful features; Works with Office 2007-2019 and 365; Supports all languages; Easy deploying in your enterprise or organization.
Supposing I have a range data and a column chart based on it as follow, and now I want to add some down arrows and up arrows based on the data.
You can convert these data columns to arrows as following steps:
1. Insert an arrow shape to a blank section of this worksheet by clicking Insert > Shapes, and choosing Up Arrow or Down Arrow from the Block Arrows section as you need.
2. Then drag the mouse to draw the arrows as you want, and you can format the arrows' styles as you need. See screenshot:
3. Select one of the arrows that you want to use and press Ctrl +C to copy it, and then click a column in the chart and all the columns will be selected.
4. Then press Ctrl +V to paste the arrow to the chart, you will get the following result:
5. After finishing this, you can delete the arrow shapes as you like.
Note: If you want to add up arrow and down arrow as your need, you just need to select only one column, and paste your specified arrow repeatedly. And you will get this:
In a line chart, you can alsoadd the arrows to indicate the data trends, please do as these:
1. In your created line chart, select the data line and right click, then choose Format Data Series from the context menu, see screenshot:
2. In the Format Data Series dialog, click Line Style from the left pane, and then specify the Arrow Settings, you can select the arrow type and size as you need. See screenshot:
3. Then close this dialog, and the arrows have been added to the line chart, see screenshot:
- How to add image as background into chart in Excel?
- How to copy one chart format to others in Excel?
- How to add a scrollbar to chart in Excel? | <urn:uuid:c85f7aea-32a4-40cc-8ac9-44ae20000309> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.extendoffice.com/documents/excel/1434-excel-add-arrow-to-chart.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371604800.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405115129-20200405145629-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.876555 | 709 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Václav Hollar , known in England as
Wenceslaus and in Germany as Wenzel Hollar, was a Bohemian etcher. He
was born in Prague, and died in London, being buried at St Margaret's
Church, Westminster. Hollar, was a Bohemian exile, in 1636, while
working in Cologne was employed by the Earl of Arundel as
artist-in-residence to make drawings of his extensive art collection.
Some of these drawings are now the only information on the contents of
that impressive collection. In 1642 the Earl of Arundel ( from Wardour
Castle , Wilts) left England for the Continent leaving his wife in
charge in Wiltshire , never to return. The turmoil of the civil war
caused Hollar to move to Antwerp in 1644, where he settled for a few
years. The main quantity of his work was done for Dugdale who paid
between £3 and £5 per etching .W. Hollar,from Sir W. Dugdale, Monasticon
Anglicanum ... (originally published in 3 vols, London, 1655-1673;
enlarged edn, 6 vols in 8 parts, by J. Caley and others,Wenceslas Hollar
(13 July 1607 - 25 March 1677) e. He trained in the workshop of Merian
in Frankfurt, and became one of the foremost engravers of topographical
views in the 17th century. On account of his English connections, Hollar
finally settled in London, and during the Civil War he fought on the
Royalist side. His views of the city of London form an invaluable record
of its appearance before the Great Fire of 1666. He was very prolific
and engraved a wide range of subjects aparts from views and
landscapes.Hollar produced a variety of works; his plates number approx
2740, and include views, portraits, ships, religious subjects, heraldic
subjects, landscapes, and still life in many forms. His architectural
drawings, such as those of Antwerp and Strassburg cathedrals, and his
views of towns, are to scale, but are intended as pictures as well.
ST. KATHERINE'S BY THE TOWER. /Conventualis Ecclesiae Hospitalis S.
Catharinae Juxta Tnrrim London : a Meridie prospectus
Signed and dated in lower 1.: W.
Hollar fecit 1660. Title along the top : Conventualis Ecclesiae
Hospitalis S. Catharinae Juxta Tnrrim London : a Meridie prospectus.
Dedication of the donor of the plate, William Petit, in cartouche
upper r. Page number 4.60 lower r. Occurs folded in Dugdale,
Monasticon, Vol. II. (1661), between pp. 460 and 461. The Royal
Hospital and collegiate church of St. Katherine's, founded by
Eleanor, Queen of Henry II, in 1273, and remaining under the
patronage of the Queen Consort, 1 existed on the same site until
1825. It was then pulled down to make room for St. Katherine's Dock.
The foundation was transferred to Regent's Park, but there are only
a few remains of the old church in the new St. Katherine's (e.g.
part of some of the stalls). . . . .St Katharine's by the Tower -
full name Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katharine by
the Tower - was a medieval church and hospital next to the Tower of
London. The establishment was founded in 1148 and demolished in 1825
to build St Katharine Docks, which takes its name from
it. £65 x 2
Capellae Collegii Regalis de Eton ab Aquilone Prospectus. / Eton
Etching with engraving on laid
watermarked paper from Monasticon Anglicanum: or, the History of the
Ancient Abbies, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedral and Collegiate
Churches, with their Dependencies, in England and Wales. Hollar had
returned to England in 1652 and begun working for the publisher John
Ogilby and the antiquary Sir William Dugdale. Over the next
twenty-five years he etched no fewer than 566 plates for them. Sir
William Dugdale (1605-1686):English antiquary and friend of Hollar's
patron Thomas Howard, second earl of Arundel, Dugdale compiled one
of the most significant histories of English religious houses, ,
Monasticon, Vol. II. (1661),The text was written by Roger Dodsworth
(1585-1654) He had spent his life in the study of genealogy and
ecclesiastical and monastic history. He was also an indefatigable
collector of manuscripts which are now in the Bodleian Library. . .
(folded) light age toning x 3 £65 | <urn:uuid:29bea754-d366-4afa-a129-f1c6db3c8f42> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.heatons-of-tisbury.co.uk/hollar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267161902.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925163044-20180925183444-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.946665 | 1,101 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Nigerians Dwarfs are highly social, gentle animals that have a very easy temperament. They are very loving, energetic and playful, They are normally found in a group called a herd. When a goat is separated from the herd they become very vocal and stressed. For that reason you must purchase at least two unless one is to be purchased as a companion for another animal.
A single goat will be miserable and will most likely make you a miserable goat owner.
The Nigerian Dwarf is a miniature breed originating in West Africa and developed in the US. The balanced proportions of the Nigerian Dwarf give it the appearance of the larger breeds of dairy goats, but the does stand no more than 22.5” and the bucks no more than 23.5” at the withers. Any color or combination of colors is acceptable. The medium length ears are erect and alert. The face is either straight or dished, and the hair is short and fine. *credit ADGA
Nigerian Dwarf goats can breed year around and go into heat or estrus cycles approximately every 21-28 days which will last for an average of 1-3 days. During this time she will "stand" for the buck and can become pregnant.
Some Signs of Heat
1, The doe will become more vocal.
Usually goats are fairly quite animals but when in heat they can become really loud sometimes even grunting similar to a buck.
2. The doe will urinate more often.
Goats urinate a lot under normal circumstances but when in heat they will urinate more frequently. During heat their urine contains pheromones which let the bucks know they're ready for mating.
3. Tail Wagging.
The doe will wag her tail back and forth very quickly. This is call "flagging" and is a sure sign of heat.
4. Vaginal Discharge.
A doe in heat will sometimes have a wet or sticky tale that is caused from a clear vaginal discharge.
5. Standing for the Buck.
A doe that is not in estrus will not stand and let a buck mount her. She will run away from him. When in heat however, she will allow him to mount her.
6. Changes in Behavior.
Besides the already mentioned behavior, does in heat may have other personality changes. Many will become more aggressive toward the other does in their enclosure. Many times they will stand by the fence closest to the bucks and call out to them.
7. Bucks will be Bucks.
When a buck sees the visual signs the doe is presenting and smells the pheromones in her urine they will start acting like bucks. They will paw at the ground, fight one another, make very vocal grunting and babbling sounds, and urinate on their beard and face. The smellier they are the more the doe's like it!
The gestation period for a doe is approximately 145-153 days. Nigerians Dwarfs are a heathy breed which seldom have kidding problems. Does can be bred at seven to eight months of age if they have reached a good size. We tend to wait until they are about a year old and weigh about 50 pounds. Most are excellent mothers and can have several kids at a time with triplets and quads being common.
Bucklings have been known to breed as young as seven weeks old so watch out!! They should be separated from the does at this age. Bucks are ready to be used for service as young as three months old, and easily by seven months.
Colors and Patterns
Nigerians don't have a standard color pattern as some goats do. Their colors and patterns vary greatly from animal to animal which is one characteristic that makes the breed so popular.
Color patterns include: Buckskin, Cou Clair, Cou Blanc, Solid, Roan, Chamoisee, Pinto, Swiss marked, Moon Spots, and Frosted.
Colors include: Black, Brown, Chocolate, Cream, Gold, Grey, Red, and White.
Nigerians can have either brown or blue eyes. The blue eye gene is dominate so at least one of the parents have to have blue eyes in order to pass it on to their offspring. Also, the Nigerian Dwarf is the only pure bred dairy goat to have blue eyes.
The Nigerian's small stature means they don't require large areas for accommodations. Their housing can be simple and only needs to be draft free and keep them dry since they hate to get wet. It shouldn't be airtight though as ventilation is a must for proper health.
The housing should provide each goat with about 15 square feet of space.
Nigerians are surprisingly good milkers for their size. While the amount of milk given daily varies greatly from doe to doe, the average doe will produce one to two quarts of milk a day. They have the highest butter fat content of all the dairy goats at about 6%.
Since butterfat is what gives milk its sweet flavor, it’s the sweetest, best tasting milk of all the dairy goat breeds The Nigerians also rank highest in protein content at about 4.4%.
Nigerian Dwarfs live between 10-15 years or about the same as a dog. | <urn:uuid:45c86ab1-468a-41ba-aa42-4eb3424c385a> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://jandjcarolinakidz.com/about-the-breed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487649688.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619172612-20210619202612-00616.warc.gz | en | 0.965742 | 1,088 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Africa Industrialization day strives to bring global media awareness to the challenges that face Africa’s progression towards becoming a more industrialized nation. In 1989, the United Nations general assembly proclaimed November 20th as Africa Industrialization Day. The observation of this day is managed by The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). UNIDO is heavily invested in assisting Africa with its continued development of new technology, infrastructure, and mechanization.
As we explore ways to support our growing population, many believe that Africa may hold the key to finding a solution. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 15% of the world’s arable land is located in Africa. As of today, it is estimated that 86% of this land remains unutilized. However, through training in efficient farming practices and technology, farmers in Africa can be enabled manage this fertile land. In order for professional farming to succeed in Africa, governments and members of the private sector must work together and invest in Africa’s future.
AGCO understands the potential solutions that Africa may provide in our mission to address global food scarcity. That is why we are committed to investing USD 100 million for the development of Africa’s agriculture. AGCO’s Zambia model farm and training center will teach general mechanization to small and medium scale farmers, and provide training to large scale farmers on how to operate high specification tractors. Jason Burbidge, our General Manager of AGCO Zambia, states that “While there is no one solution to address food production and food security, AGCO is right at the heart of a sustained and carefully planned effort, developing capabilities that will help ensure farmers know how to produce food efficiently and responsibly.”
There is no doubt that growing Africa’s agricultural sector will be challenging. Earlier this year, AGCO hosted its first Africa Summit. Discussions took place about the challenges facing Africa’s agriculture, and ideas for managing them were shared. We look forward to reporting back on the progress that we and our partners have made for Africa’s agriculture.
Africa’s population grows towards 2 billion people, it is evident that further industrialization and development in agricultural must take place for the country to sustain itself. In order for this to happen, commitments must be made by governments and organizations globally. Learn more about AGCO’s contribution to sustainable development in the 2011 AGCO Sustainability report (page 41). | <urn:uuid:308b6c34-22b5-4d2a-8cce-1f3d087ecbad> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://blog.agcocorp.com/2012/11/africa-industrialization-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657141651.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011221-00062-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945869 | 508 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Skip to content
Posted On April 30, 2017
The pineapple is said to be native to southern Brazil and Paraguay!
It was reportedly spread by the Indians up through South and Central America to the West Indies before Columbus arrived. In 1493 Columbus found the fruit on the island of Guadaloupe and carried it back to Spain and it was spread around the world on sailing ships that carried it for protection against scurvy. The Spanish introduced it into the Philippines and may have taken it to Hawaii and Guam early in the 16th Century. The pineapple reached England in 1660 and began to be grown in greenhouses for its fruit around 1720.
The pineapple is a tropical or near-tropical plant, but will usually tolerate brief exposures to 28° F. Prolonged cold above freezing retards growth, delays maturity and causes the fruit to be more acid. The pineapple is drought-tolerant and will produce fruit under yearly precipitation rates ranging from 25 – 150 in., depending on cultivar and location and degree of atmospheric humidity.
Pineapple is a tropical plant. It is edible and successfully grown around the world. It is considered the most economically Significant Plant.
Scienctifically known as name is ANANAS COMOSUS, pineapple is a good source of important Vitamins and Minerals – these include Potassium, Copper, Calcium, Manganese, Vitamin C , Carotene, Thiamin, B6 or Folate as well as Insoluble Fiber amongst others.
Nutritional value of pineapple!
The nutritional value of pineapple is enormous!
Fresh pineapple is said to be low in calories and even a storehouse for several unique health promoting compounds, minerals, and vitamins that are essential for good health.
The flesh of the fruit contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, yet it is a rich source of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber like pectin.
Ananas contains a proteolytic enzyme bromelain that digests food by breaking down protein. Bromelain also has anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting and anti-cancer properties. Studies have shown that consumption of pineapple regularly helps fight against arthritis, indigestion and worm infestation.
Fresh pineapple is an good source of antioxidant, vitamin-C in particular!
Collagen is the main structural protein in the body required for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, skin, organs, and bones. Regular consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps to protect the body from scurvy.
Eating pineapple will equally help the body to develop resistance against infection.
Pineapple has small amount of Vitamin-A and this helps the sight and vision – the eyes will see clearly.
Ananas is rich in the B-complex group of vitamins like folates, thiamin, pyridoxine, riboflavin and minerals like copper, manganese, and potassium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids, it helps to control the heart rate and blood pressure of the body.
Copper is an essential cofactor for red blood cell synthesis and Manganese is said to be a co-factor for the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is a very powerful free radical scavenger.
Post by Omobola Olubode & edited by Lydia! | <urn:uuid:096f3105-9b14-410a-8677-56c4d2b17e9b> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://gourmetguide234.com/2017/04/30/pineapple/?share=google-plus-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583516480.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023153446-20181023174946-00109.warc.gz | en | 0.93109 | 685 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Mount Union College Biology Professors Attempt To Develop Fungus-Resistant Frog
April 15, 2010
Mount Union College professors, Dr. Brandon Sheafor and Dr. Jonathan Scott, are attempting to develop fungus-resistant super frogs to help prevent the extinction of many amphibians by a potent killer fungus.
On Saturday, February 24, Sheafor and Scott, along with Cleveland Metroparks Zoo researcher Kathy Krynak and several Mount Union students, performed a series of simple tests on seven golden frogs. Scott said frogs secrete antimicrobial peptides into their skin mucous and the relative strength of those peptides may determine whether a frog can survive the fungal infection. These scientists hope to selectively breed golden frogs with potent antifungal mucous.
The fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was the first identified in the late 1990s and has been implicated in massive amphibian population decline, especially in Australia and the Americas.
'There is no practical way to eliminate the fungus from the environment,' Scott said. 'Attempting to make golden frogs resistant to the fungus is the only way they will be able to survive in the wild.'
'All we need is a few individuals to fight off the fungus and pass that ability on to their offspring,' Sheafor said.
Sheafor said the golden frog is culturally significant in Panama and is considered good luck, a national symbol equivalent to the bald eagle in America.
'The golden frog is a cultural symbol we've let disappear,' Sheafor said.
Their goal is to be able to breed anti-fungal super frogs to repopulate the rainforests of Panama, where they have been nearly exterminated by the fungus.
'There are fewer than 1,000 golden frogs left on the planet and most are in captivity,' Sheafor said. 'And if they weren't being held in captivity,' Scott added, 'They would be extinct for sure.'
Once the fungus is found in an area, it's only a matter of months before it takes out about 90 percent of an amphibian population. The worldwide struggle has been going on for years, but scientists believe the fungus has become more rampant in recent decades due to global warming.
'The golden frog is a very beautiful and wonderful animal whose extinction may be related to human activity,' Scott said. 'You feel a responsibility to make up for human behavior when you can.'
Helping the golden frog will not only help amphibians, but humans as well, Scott said. Frogs, which are the most common amphibian, are a vital part of the food chain as both prey for larger animals and feeders on insects that could spread disease. Also, some frog species produce a chemical used as a pain reliever for humans and some are linked to a chemical that disables the virus causing AIDS.
Sheafor said he got involved in the project through Dr. Elizabeth Davidson, an alumna of Mount Union College and research professor at Arizona State University. On her sabbatical, Davidson came back Mount Union to teach. Sheafor then, for his sabbatical, went out to Arizona to begin research on amphibian decline.
Sheafor, Scott and several Mount Union biology students will be heading back to the Cleveland Zoo on Sunday, March 25 to continue their mission to protect the golden frogs and other amphibians from the killer fungus.
Students working on the project include seniors Rob Brucker from Mt. Gilead and Rebecca Clough from Uhrichsville, and juniors Maureen Hinton from Canal Fulton and Amanda Kuhn from Louisville.
'The ultimate goal of the project is to get the frogs to the point where they can return to their natural environment,' Scott said. | <urn:uuid:4175b392-ba65-4f47-98d0-57e341b1d5d7> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.mountunion.edu/mount-union-college-biology-professors-attempt-to-develop-fungus-resistant-frog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507443451.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005723-00162-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941537 | 764 | 3.21875 | 3 |
In a few short weeks numerous live Christmas trees will be tossed to the curb and left to be picked up with the trash. Out lasting the shine of the holiday, the once beautiful trees will be left to sit in a landfill. Instead of letting this happen to your Christmas tree, why not recycle it for future use and protect the environment at the same time?
There are many alternatives to tossing your live Christmas tree to the curb. Here are some ideas to consider:
-reuse the branches of the tree by using them to cover perennials during the winter months
-place your tree in your yard to provide a habitat for birds and small wildlife
-buy a tree with the root ball still intact and replant your tree in warmer weather
-take your tree to a recycling center, where it can be chipped into mulch
-goggle search nonprofit organizations who will pick up your tree and recycle it for you (some Boy Scout tribes will provide this service for a small donation).
No matter how you decide to dispose of your live tree it is important to remove all lights and decorations. Then check and check again for lights and decorations that you may have missed.
Also do not burn your live Christmas tree in a fireplace or wood stove! Although it might seem like the perfect solution to disposing of your tree, pines, firs and many evergreen trees have a high content of flammable turpentine oils. Burning these types of tree in your fireplace or wood stove can lead to creosote buildup and contribute to the risk of fire. | <urn:uuid:c79e270b-7a78-438c-a28d-3c69561439ed> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://ahlumarbor.com/recycle-christmas-tree/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647299.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320052712-20180320072712-00376.warc.gz | en | 0.918368 | 318 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The Power of Mothers: A History of Disappearance
| May 9, 2013
Note: this Women's Media Center Feature is one of several that WMC's late editor-in-chief, Mary Thom, had assigned prior to her unexpected passing on April 26.
“For all of us, the only thing that moves us is our children,” explained Norma Andrade, Juárez activist and founder of May Our Daughters Return Home in a 2012 interview with Mexican filmmaker Ernesto Godoy. Andrade’s daughter, Lilia Alejandra, disappeared on February 14, 2001 and her body was discovered on February 21st, in what has become an epidemic of violence in Juárez over the last two decades.
In 2013, the Juárez government started a citywide campaign with the title “Disappearances in Juárez have to Disappear.” They distributed 100,000 posters showing a woman’s clothes but no body, and these were posted around the city. Although the issue of disappearance has not gained much attention recently, the mothers of Juárez continue to turn their pain into action for justice for the disappeared and murdered. In February of 2013, a group of mothers marched to the capital, Chihuahua, to protest the 316 unresolved disappearances of 2012 and the 16 more that had occurred in 2013, all in Juárez. Since one of the perpetual problems is that such cases are not investigated, the mothers met with the governor to demand that he investigate and resolve these crimes.
These activist women follow a long tradition of Latin American mothers who have taken to the streets to protest the disappearance of their children, notably the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina. That group of mothers and grandmothers started demonstrating in front of the presidential palace in Buenos Aires in 1977, to protest mass disappearances perpetrated by the military dictatorship between 1976 and 1983.
Like the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, who were at first called “crazy” by government officials, the mothers in Juárez have faced both personal and physical attacks as they seek justice for their daughters. In 2011, Andrade survived a shooting attempt on her life in Juárez, one she believes was directed at silencing her activism. She was forced to flee to Mexico City for her safety. However, in Mexico City she was attacked again, this time stabbed in the neck. Andrade’s other daughter, Malú, became a human rights activist and works to support mothers in the same situation as Andrade. Andrade appears in the documentary about disappearance and feminicide in Juárez, Lourdes Portillo’s Señorita extraviada (Missing Young Woman).
“Reality is so bereft of humanity, so barbaric, that we cannot grasp it without the delicacy of art. Through art we can feel the loss, and we can understand it without falling prey to sensationalism,” explained Portillo during our interview. It was through Portillo’s documentary Señorita extraviada (Missing Young Woman) and the work of Juárez photographer Julián Cardona that I first met activist Paula Flores. Their images of Flores, whose daughter María Sagrario was disappeared and later murdered in April 1998, showed a woman transformed by pain, a woman who passed through the phase of victimhood to become an activist. “Paula Flores has been a leading activist, and has had the wherewithal to do things that have some transcendence,” said Portillo. Flores created the the María Sagrario Foundation to fund a school in her neighborhood in Juárez, and her daughter Guillermina González founded and ran the NGO Voces sin eco (Voces Without Echo) from 1998 to 2001. When I met Flores in Mexico City in 2011, she discussed how she, like Norma, was inspired to continue her activism for her children and he grandchildren. Flores attended the presentation of Rafael Bonilla’s La Carta (The Letter), a documentary about her life. When Flores got up to speak to the audience, her tiny granddaughter, Ruby, stood up in her seat and yelled, “I love you grandma!”
Mother’s Day is one day, that comes and then goes. Yet mothers and grandmothers like Flores and Andrade persist and, in the face of overwhelming physical and economic violence, find the strength to create change.
The views expressed in this commentary are those of the author alone and do not represent WMC. WMC is a 501(c)(3) organization and does not endorse candidates.
To receive WMC Features by email, click here. | <urn:uuid:e23c83ba-33f5-4220-ac7c-b0dc929c923b> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.womensmediacenter.com/feature/entry/the-power-of-mothers-a-history-of-disappearance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701157443.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193917-00327-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969464 | 968 | 3.015625 | 3 |
“Rampant” and “elderly” are words rarely used in the same sentence, unless we are talking of the percentage of people over 65 years old worldwide. Life expectancy has considerably increased, but it is still unknown how many of those years are going to be lived in good health.
As a researcher of blood cancers and aging, I inevitably think about how in the next few decades a very large part of the population will deal with cancer treatments. Are we doing the best to manage the side effects, or even to manage aging itself? Could we accumulate just wisdom, instead of aches and pain?
Rejuvenation strategies once sounded like science fiction, but they are becoming more and more promising. New research from my institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, suggests that transplantation of young blood vessel cells rejuvenates aged stem cells in mice, boosting older blood system function. It also shows signs that it could aid in recovery of the side effects of cancer therapy for humans.
What happens to our blood system as we age?
Of the over 7 billion people on Earth, more than 600 million are age 65 and older. This group, for the first time in human history, is expected by 2020 to be larger than the number of children below age 5. Aging is a risk factor for many conditions, such as blood cancer, so we can foresee that aging countries should prepare to deal with the consequences in health care.
The blood system, also called the hematopoietic system, is responsible for producing blood cells throughout a person’s life. We know that, with age, its function declines.
All blood cells derive from a hierarchical system, with common ancestor cells, called hematopoietic stem cells, at its apex. Over the course of a person’s life, these cells will continuously supply all types of blood cells that we need, including different types of immune cells.
As we age, blood stem cells become less able to perform at the best of their capability. This results in a decreased ability to fight infections and increased incidence of blood cancer in the over-65 population.
Older patients are also frequently not good candidates for bone marrow transplant, the cure for many blood disorders. This is because of a higher degree of complications after transplant, which is also limited by having enough numbers of stem cells to reconstitute the hematopoietic system in an adult. Therefore, strategies to support blood stem cell recovery are needed to expand the pool of possible bone marrow transplant recipients.
Blood vessel cells and how they work
Blood vessel cells, or endothelial cells, are a particular cell type that lines the inside of blood vessels. They contribute to form arteries, veins and capillaries. For a long time, endothelial cells have been perceived as a passive conduit for blood.
However, in recent years, scientists have seen a new role for these cells. They discovered that blood vessel cells actively sustain nearby stem cells and guide organ regeneration.
So, instead of a pipe system, we can think of blood vessel cells more like active supporters lined up along a cyclist’s race. This dynamic role has been found to be true for many organs, including the one responsible for making new blood cells, the bone marrow.
In the marrow, blood stem cells are found in close contact with blood vessels cells, which provide many types of substances, such as KIT ligand that stem cells need to keep performing at their best.
As we get older, endothelial cell supportive function declines, and they become dysfunctional. They can still perform the basic function of architectural support for blood flow, but they are less able to support nearby stem cells.
A recent study from Weill Cornell Medical College shows that older blood vessel cells made young blood stem cells act old. Led by Dr. Jason Butler and Dr. Michael Poulos, the research isolated blood vessel cells from young or old mice and grew them in petri dishes with blood stem cells.
The young blood stem cells bias showed a tendency toward producing more of one type of immune cells, myeloid cells, which is a hallmark of aging.
In a complementary experiment in the study, the youngster cells rejuvenated the old ones. The team found out that the rejuvenated old cells were able to create a healthy blood system when transplanted back into mice.
The group then gave mice a strong dose of whole body radiation, similar to what patients undergo prior to bone marrow transplant. Then, they infused the mice with endothelial cells isolated from young mice. They found that the blood vessel infusions enhanced the recovery of the hematopoietic system and restored blood stem cell function in aged mice.
When the team modeled a bone marrow transplant on the mice, they even observed that mice infused with endothelial cells regained a healthy blood system, even if the number of blood stem cell transplanted was suboptimal.
The study shows that young blood vessels can potentially rejuvenate blood stem cell functions, and mitigate the effects of medically induced stress, such as radiation therapy. The endothelial cells also protected other organs affected by radiation throughout the body, including the gut, skin, spleen and liver.
This global protection has many potential benefits for those undergoing cancer therapy, Butler explained in a statement. Those benefits include a shorter recovery time, less susceptibility to infections and lower the number of blood stem cells needed to achieve a successful transplant. The infusion of endothelial cells could thus lower the complication rates for elderly patients, Butler said.
Researchers agree on two very relevant issues that will influence the clinical application of these findings.
First, the infused blood vessel cells stick around transiently, which means lower chances of any potential toxic or unwanted side effect. Second, the infusions would work as an adjunct therapy for clinical protocols already in place, a sort of upgrade on standard treatment. This could potentially speed up the clinical translation of these findings.
“The bullets are already there; this is a better one,” said Poulos. | <urn:uuid:cad04ec5-990e-4f1c-a177-56c6f0bc177c> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://sciblogs.co.nz/guestwork/2018/01/25/rejuvenation-stem-cells-lead-healthier-aging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506870.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402080824-20200402110824-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.949087 | 1,231 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Haemophilus influenzae is a cause of severe bacterial infection, particularly in infants.
- Vaccination is only recommended for children under 5 – older children and adults usually do not need a Hib vaccine.
National Immunization Survey Data:
Percent Children 19-35 Months Who Have Received > 3 HiB
(2020 Goal: 90.0%)
For Your Patients
From the CDC’s Pink Book.
Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative coccobacillus. It is generally aerobic but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. In vitro growth requires accessory growth factors, including “X” factor (hemin) and “V” factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]). Chocolate agar media are used for isolation. H. influenzae will generally not grow on blood agar, which lacks NAD.
H. influenzae has encapsulated (typeable) and unencapsulated nontypeable strains. The outermost structure of encapsulated H. influenzae is composed of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP), a polysaccharide that is responsible for virulence and immunity. Six antigenically and biochemically distinct capsular polysaccharide serotypes have been described; these are designated types a through f. There are currently no vaccines to prevent disease caused by non-b encapsulated or nontypeable strains. In the prevaccine era, type b organisms accounted for 95% of all strains that caused invasive disease.
Incidence is strikingly age-dependent. In the prevaccine era, up to 60% of invasive disease occurred before age 12 months, with a peak occurrence among children 6-11 months of age. Passive protection of some infants is provided by transplacentally acquired maternal IgG antibodies and breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. Children 60 months of age and older account for less than 10% of invasive disease. The presumed reason for this age distribution is the acquisition of immunity to Hib with increasing age.
Invasive disease caused by H. influenzae type b can affect many organ systems. The most common types of invasive disease are meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, arthritis, and cellulitis. Meningitis is infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord and is the most common clinical manifestation of invasive Hib disease, accounting for 50%-65% of cases in the prevaccine era. Hallmarks of Hib meningitis are fever, decreased mental status, and stiff neck (these symptoms also occur with meningitis caused by other bacteria). Hearing impairment or other neurologic sequelae occur in 15%-30% of survivors. The case-fatality rate is 3%-6%, despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. | <urn:uuid:14099c60-44ab-4cf4-946d-9799d5922ac4> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.immunizedelaware.org/for-professionals/top-disease-specific-resources/hib/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812758.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219171550-20180219191550-00151.warc.gz | en | 0.887022 | 590 | 3.6875 | 4 |
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Gang violence is defined by the United States Department of Justice as "any hostile physical interaction between (or among) two (or more) gangs,". The violence frequently takes the form of elaborate dance routines choreographed and excuted with painstaking accuracy and precision. Such encounters take place, usually, because of competition for territory, longstanding feuds, or simple boredom.
edit History of Gang ViolenceThe first recorded instance of gang violence occurred in 1961, between the Jets, a Polish-American street gang of New York City, and the Sharks, a Latino-American gang from the same region. The conflict arose, apparently, from the Sharks being mercilessly teased for their inability to pronounce their own name, though one wonders why they did not just simply call themselves los Tiburnós. Some time in the summer of 1957 any hope of diplomatic resolution between the two fell apart. Tensions snapped and out of an hour filled with blood, screams, chaînés and battement glissés gang violence was born.
This new level of brutality quickly caught the attention of the mainstream media; soon gang violence spread like wildfire. Feuds appeared across the country like pimples on a pubescent Macaulay Culkin: the Farmers fought the Cowmen; the Pekes battled the Pollicles, who to this day are proud and impeccable, passionate foes; and the Socratics fought the Sophists.
This is not to say, however, that gang violence began in 1961. Rather, simply it was the first time it had ever been so well directed and widely covered in the press. There had been poor quality episodes of gang violence such as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, however the musical arrangements and choreography of these events, and the magnitude to which they sucked, divided them from the common understanding of the word. Such episodes are commonly identified as "mob violence" instead. Similarly, the range wars of the 1800s are listed as a feud.
edit Anatomy of a Gang Fight
There are four recognized stages of a gang fight, in each stage tension and violent tendencies increase on both sides until they erupt, these stages are often categorized by actions of the gangs.
edit The Incitement
Gang fights frequently start over minor disputes such as who owns what territory, or by impolite comments frequently involving a rival gang member's mother. In sociomelodic terminology the stage of a gang fight encompassing these remarks and the first few minutes of verbal exchange afterward is called the incitement.
edit The Escalation
The incitment is rapidly followed by the escalation. In this stage the movements of the two opposing gangs begin to include well known dance maneuvers. These maneuvers, however, are basic and not particularly harmful to others. It is not uncommon for a period of escalation to last several hours and only feature a few infrequent chassés and pliés. There is no imminent danger of bloodshed and intervening police officers or other law enforcement officials may still stop the fight without significant difficulty. | <urn:uuid:b0f7b2fb-1faf-4645-b466-f4b8aa79df17> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Gang_violence?oldid=5408137 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510275463.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011755-00021-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955673 | 623 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Our teeth are a major part of our appearance. But they don’t just serve a cosmetic purpose. It’s thanks to our teeth that we’re able to bite into that juicy apple or enjoy eating corn off the cob. It’s important that we take care of them so that we can keep our teeth healthy and able to do their job effectively. It can save us a lot of unnecessary pain and discomfort (not to mention the dentist bills).
But a lot of us have grown up with stories of how our teeth could get damaged in certain ways. It’s time to get your facts straight.
Myths About Teeth That You Should Stop Believing
1. Wisdom Teeth Need To Be Removed
People normally expect to have their wisdom teeth removed. However, that’s not always the case. If they come up straight without any overcrowding or alignment problems, you don’t need to get them extracted.
2. Pregnant Women Can’t Visit The Dentist
There are some treatments like antibiotics or painkillers that may be harmful to the fetus so it’s always mandatory to let your dentist know that you are pregnant. Besides these concerns, most procedures are safe. Today’s local anesthetics are generally harmless to the mother and the baby.
3. Milk Teeth Don’t Need To Be Taken Care Of
Just because they’re going to fall out, doesn’t mean they don’t need to be taken care of. A deep enough cavity can result in an infection that can affect the permanent tooth which comes up in its place. Besides this, you can use them to teach your children proper dental hygiene from a young age. This way, they know how to take care of their permanent teeth when they start growing.
4. There’s No Such Thing As Brushing Too Much
Your teeth are covered with a thick coating called enamel which protects it from the harsher foods that we eat. Brushing too vigorously can remove the enamel on your teeth exposing them to harmful substances. Not to mention, this can cause damage to your gums as well.
5. It’s Too Late For Braces
If you’re an adult, you may think that you’re much too old to get braces to align your teeth. The truth is that teeth can be corrected with braces well into your thirties. If you have any concerns, talk to your orthodontist to see what your options are.
6. Sugary Sweets Are The Enemy
Yes, high sugar treats are harmful but lots of healthy foods also contain natural sugars which can be equally damaging. The safest way to avoid cavities is to brush your teeth thoroughly morning and night for at least 2 minutes. And always rinse between meals with water or a mouthwash to get rid of any remaining food that can build up plaque.
7. Bleeding Gums Are Caused By Flossing Or Brushing Too Hard
Bleeding gums can be caused by many things. Most likely they’re a result of inflammation and food left in between teeth. If anything they’re even more of a reason to floss. If you notice your gums bleeding persistently, get it checked out. Never treat bleeding or sensitive gums as a common phenomenon. It may be a symptom of an underlying condition.
8. Whiter Teeth Are Healthier Teeth
Teeth can come in various shades. They may be stained by certain types of foods but as long as you’re brushing regularly, there’s no reason to fret over the color of your teeth. White teeth are seen as desirable in our society but it’s merely a cosmetic treatment. Whitening your teeth doesn’t prevent cavities or maintain dental health.
9. You Should Brush Immediately After Eating
This is a misconception that can cause more damage than good. Right after eating, the foods that you eat are turning acidic. If you brush immediately, you’re only rubbing these acids into your teeth which can erode the enamel. Wait 30 minutes before brushing so that your saliva has a chance to wash away any remaining food so that plaque doesn’t build up.
Now that these tooth myths have been busted, you know how to keep those pearly whites shining! | <urn:uuid:b83a72b9-adfe-48a9-9b79-cbccb9c84e0c> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://curejoy.com/content/common-myths-about-teeth-and-dental-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964359073.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130201935-20211130231935-00263.warc.gz | en | 0.932001 | 903 | 2.640625 | 3 |
As flowers began to bloom and leaves slowly emerge in the northern hemisphere this time of year, most people are thinking about how they soon get to lose the winter coat and enjoy the warm, spring sunshine. How they can walk outside without the cold stinging their face and how the world soon will be bathed in green again. But for scientists interested in when flowers bloom and the earth returns to its lovely verdant hue, just when spring arrives is a rather interesting question to ask.
The study of the seasonal life cycle changes of plants and animals is called phenology and is a topic we have written about multiple times at PLOS ecology as phenological studies offer some of the most compelling and alarming evidence of how human-induced global climate change is drastically altering our planet. Recent work has shown that spring onset in the Tibetan plateau is occurring on average two weeks earlier now than it did in 1960, with similar patterns also found across China and globally—with the length of growing seasons changing more dramatically closer to the poles. Scientists have been documenting phenological changes for a while, though this research has been greatly improved by changes in how we can observe our earth. Higher-resolution satellites, drones, and aerial observatories have helped to catalyze research by providing heaps of data. However, a few humble old cameras and a dedicated group of scientists have shown a novel way to approach the problem.
This important advance in the study of vegetation phenology has come from the PhenoCam Network—a network of typically tower-mounted cameras that provide near-real time imagery of the surrounding landscape at sites across the United States and southern Canada. The PhenoCam Network recently published a large of 750 site-years of data from over 130 cameras in a data paper in Scientific Data.
The majority of these cameras are located at or near research sites which further increases the utility and impact of the data, as images can be paired with all sorts of other ecological data from cooperating researchers. While satellite based data has been instrumental in studying the earth system, the PhenoCam Network surmounts two key problems with satellite data. One, PhenoCam data are collected at much finer timescales, some at 15 minute intervals for the entire year, in contrast to some satellite data where images are taken every two weeks or so. This greater time resolution provides better means to capture more subtle shifts in phenology, more accurately. PhenoCams also provide “near-surface” remote sensing imagery, which in plain terms means the cameras are close to the ground and you don’t have to worry about clouds and atmospheric effects as you do with satellite data. Importantly, PhenoCam data serves as a bridge between satellite data and other data sources as well.
From this data, measures of both the “greenness” and “redness” of vegetation can be calculated, measures that have been shown to be strong predictors of how an ecosystem is growing, how stressed it is, and how it is responding to changes in climate (e.g. precipitation, temperature). The large spatial distribution of this data, coupled with how often the data are collected, and its public availbility, make this an invaluable resource. The study of vegetation phenology has been growing over the past couple of decades, with over 100 publications on vegetation phenology alone published in 2017—and 25 already in 2018! Long-term datasets such as the PhenoCam network, along with citizen science initiatives like the National Phenology Network, are helping to create impactful research in how our changing climate is changing our world.
Make sure to check out the PhenoCam Image Gallery: https://phenocam.sr.unh.edu/webcam/gallery/ | <urn:uuid:44e69f6d-de85-40a9-b790-bc33f81073f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://theplosblog.staging.plos.org/2018/03/snapshots-of-change-and-the-phenocam-network-what-are-130-cameras-telling-us-about-our-changing-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104690785.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707093848-20220707123848-00706.warc.gz | en | 0.954931 | 760 | 4 | 4 |
The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada is planning to unveil new guidelines on sugar consumption as early as this spring, and it is urging Ottawa to get involved by setting a firm upper limit for how much sugar Canadians can safely eat and drink in a day.
“Today, there is very little guidance on sugar as far as an upper limit goes,” said Terry Dean, director of the Heart and Stroke Foundation’s (HSF) nutrition-rating Health Check Program. “We would welcome that discussion because we think that we need broad guidelines for the country.”
HSF began assembling a “mission advisory panel” of experts to lead a comprehensive review last fall, as evidence mounted that sugar – particularly added sugar that does not occur naturally in fruits, vegetables or dairy products – is more dangerous to human health than previously understood.
This week, a new study published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine concluded people who get 25 per cent or more of their daily calories from added sugar are three times more likely to die of heart disease.
Despite the new research and HSF’s urging, Health Canada has no plans to recommend a maximum safe daily intake of sugar.
“At this time, there is no consensus in terms of an amount that would be healthful in a diet and there is no consensus on a maximum amount,” said Hélène Lowell, a nutrition adviser with Health Canada.
Instead, the department advises Canadians to choose foods lower in sugar and to take part in its consultations on improving nutrition labelling.
A spokesman for Health Minister Rona Ambrose echoed that in an e-mail.
Health Canada relies on the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) to guide its dietary reference intakes for vitamins, minerals and macronutrients – all of which form the basis of the general advice in Canada’s Food Guide.
The IOM recommends limiting added sugars to no more than 25 per cent of total energy in a bid to keep sweet treats from pushing good-for-you fare off people’s plates.
However, when the IOM, one of the National Academies that advise the U.S. government, last examined sugar in 2002, it concluded there were “insufficient data” to set an official upper limit.
A spokeswoman for the IOM said this week that the institute would be willing to re-consider if asked to undertake a new study.
Meanwhile, the World Health Organization, which already recommends people get no more than 10 per cent of daily calories from sugar, is reviewing its guidelines in light of research published last year, and could lower the bar further.
The American Heart Association recommends a sugar limit of 5 per cent of daily calories for women and 7.5 per cent for men.
“The World Health Organization and the American Heart Association both seem to think there is sufficient evidence to [set a limit,]” said Yoni Freedhoff, medical director of the Bariatric Medical Institute in Ottawa. “I think there is zero debate that we as a society consume way too much sugar, and I do think some guidance and more firm statements from Health Canada to that effect would go some way towards improving this.”
The Globe asked health ministers across the country whether Ottawa should toughen its stance on sugar. Ontario’s health minister declined to say, highlighting instead her province’s plan to post calorie counts at fast-food restaurants.
Quebec has a task force examining the issue, said Réjean Hébert, the province’s Minister of Health and Social Services.
“It has made recommendations that will be made public in couple of months,” he said in an interview. “It is a complicated issue. Adopting an effective strategy will not be easy.”
Others were not available for interviews, but sent statements touting their governments’ efforts to promote healthy eating.
With a report from Rhéal Séguin in QuebecReport Typo/Error | <urn:uuid:c01e2edc-43b4-4c05-81c7-5ea781e767cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ottawa-urged-to-establish-guidelines-on-sugar-consumption/article16745199/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103270.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817111816-20170817131816-00701.warc.gz | en | 0.95585 | 832 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Book I, Chapters 1-3
• Aristotle defined rhetoric as neither an art nor a science because it was a form of persuasion.
• By examining both sides of a question, the truth can be located, and positions defended with accuracy.
• As one of the three modes of persuasion, the ethical appeal attempted to validate the speaker's credibility.
• The second mode of persuasion, emotional appeal, utilizes feelings rather than reason, while the third mode of persuasion, the logical appeal, is based on sound argumentation.
• Aristotle ended the section with a discussion of the three main areas of rhetoric: political, legal, and epideictic.
Book I, Chapters 4-9
• The five subjects of political oratory were outlined in Book I, Chapter 4, including resources, national defense, and legislation.
• A political rhetorician's plan should be in line with the happiness or prosperity of the state or country.
• Aristotle described the good as being comprised of happiness...
This section contains 1,284 words
(approx. 5 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:50fb7dfb-b19a-4e53-98df-692b9c5ad429> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/on-rhetoric/abstracts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768847.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00165-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942383 | 225 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Temples of south india always maintained the rich cultural heritage of india. Way back south indian rulers preserved the art and architechture leaving behind the legacy of magnificient constructions mainly Hindu temples. Belur temple is live example of south indian quality of beauty. This is also called as Keshava,kesava,Vijayanaraya Temple is located in Hassan dist. of karnataka. This was the capital of Hoysala empire which ruled karnataka from 10 – 14 century period. This is located in the banks of Yagachi River. This is about 35 km from Hassan city and 222 kilometers from Banglore. As I have travelled from Mysore, it is 170 kms to the temple. I appeciate if you are going to visit this as you are going to wittness the real beauty of architecture and this would serve best road trip experience. Isuggest you to have some time there, because the temple has got a lot of architecture that cannot be described in words or seen in hurry. Prepare yourself to stay at the temple for 4- 5 hours ,that you anyway will do once you go there.
The Hoysala’s served the important period in development of art , architecture, culture and religion aspects in southern parts of India. The Hoysala’s have built many number of existing temples that are scattered across Karnataka. The detailed architecture of this temple is living example of skilled art work of Amarashilpi Jakanachari and his students. Many fine temples were built by the legendary sculptor Jakanachari for the kalyani Chalukyas and Hoyasalas in many parts of southern region (mainly Karnataka).
This dedicated Vishnu temple secured its place under UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The temple art work resembles the secular life in 12 the century dancers, mucisians and artists. The whole temple is divided into two parts one is for dancers, musicians and kings representing their art and culture. The other half is for Gods and Godessess resembling puranas.
Inside, the temple has got 48 pillars, which are all unique and has its own style for every pillar.Each pillar is divided into 5 parts based on design. There is an index pillar which has an extraordinary art engraved on it. There is a place(2 x 3 inch) in this index pillar left plain without any art just to challenge the other artists and sculptors at that time.
The stunning beauty about this pillar is ,it is used to rotate before 200 years with help of ball bearing made out of stones.Now it is not operating as big pillar shikara got destroyed and smuggled during war .Even now we can witness stone bearings in lower part of pillar as witness. We can find many designs on different pillars like anklets ,flower desing, diamond shapes, necklace, bangles which represents their the art on ornaments, all are designed differently.There are two bangle design around a pillar near gharba gudi). Which can be rotated even now (They rarely allow us ).
Inside the temple it is mostly dark but an eye catching umbrella design on the ceiling is one of the beauty of the temple which looks like the shatagopam and is in middle of temple which is 24 feet around and 6 feet depth into the ceiling.The art on this represents Mahabarath, Dancers, musicaians, royal emblem.In the middle a suspended pillar was fixed. Inside this suspended pillar Bramha sitting on the lotus flower, above narasimha and whole this things looks like a “ulta shiva linga”.The main concept of this is representing Trimurti (the three forms of beleif), the curio of supreme divnity in Hinduism in which the ultimate fuctions of creation, maintenance and destruction is the collector’s piece .Mainly Brahma – The creator,Vishnu(Narasimha avatara) – preserver and Maheshwara(Shiva) – The destroyer.It is made out of many pieces which is fixed by interlock system without any support.
Every design in this is just the interlock sytem without any support.
Queen Shanthala,the wife of king is a great dancer . This used to be a place of performance where queen who used to dance and people used to gather all around inside the temple.
Vara murthy statue is the rythm statue, In olden days people used to climb and tap it to hear different rythms and it got totally damaged after many devotees taping.We can find similar one in Hampi. There we can hear sound/rythm by taping even now.
There are 644 elephant sculptures spread all around the temple (no elephant resembles the other – all are designed differently) pushing each other which represents strength. Above this lion representing courage and then horse representing speed and flower ,the beauty.
elephant, lion, horse and flower designs running around the temple
The gopuram of this temple was built in the peroid of british in early 16th century.
Recent contruction of garuda can be witnessed near the entrace.
Some details follows:
The main dancer Queen Shanthala used to dance on occations that makes the whole city to gather inside the temple
There is a dancer whose clothes are being pulled by a monkey while dancing. A dancer, who pretends her to be the beautiful one in the city and symbolising it.A dancer whose kids surrounds her due to hunger. A happy dancer who dances beating drums.
A 16 years old teenage couple is being portraid in which the female head was engraved as donkey symbolising that in teenage a donkey can also looks beautiful. The harmones are so high even a girl who is way more ugly can also make a boy to fall in love.
This one thing made me to admit the belur art. A very small insect , which is barely visible through normal eyes is carved on a fruit which is holding by a dancer and a lizard waiting to eat that insect.
Ravanasura, the great king with 10 heads and 20 hands is lifting 4 lokas. Pointedly Naga loka, Bhoo loka, Deva loka, Kailasa loka to show his power.
This is lord shiva killing an elephant and dancing inside its body, several parts of elephant fiercing the shiva.
Let me know what you feel. Dont forget me to subcribe the newsletter so that you can get notifications when a new post arrives. DOnt forget me to follow on other social media. | <urn:uuid:eef37a6c-d57f-491c-a5be-0bb2f5483cfe> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.zeroindia.in/architechture/belur-channakeshawa-temple/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348496026.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20200605080742-20200605110742-00104.warc.gz | en | 0.958454 | 1,376 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Millions of people all over the globe suffer from eye diseases. Some of these conditions, when caught early are easily treatable with the proper combination of drugs as well as other corrective measures. The leading cause of blindness is primarily age-related eye conditions such as cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
Refractive errors, for example, myopia, astigmatism and hyperopia are the most often occurring eye diseases. They occur mostly in individuals aged between 40-50 years old, however, they can affect anyone 12 years or older. It can be corrected through the use of eyeglasses, contact lenses, and for severe cases, surgery.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that results from aging and it damages central and sharp vision. AMD affects the central part of the retina called the macular which enables you to see very fine details. Surgery is usually prescribed especially for wet AMD if caught early.
Cataract is the number one cause of blindness in the entire world. It is the clouding of the eye lenses and it can occur at any age. Treatment for cataract is widely and easily available, however most people ignore it because of lack of insurance or due to lack of awareness. Those who aren’t thrilled to wear prescription eyeglasses or aren’t ready for cataract surgery, clear vision can also be achieved through the use of exceptionally comfortable disposable contact lenses.
Glaucoma is defined as a group of eye diseases that progressively damage the eye’s optic nerve leading to blindness. Treatment is quite possible if the disease is caught early, especially with the open angle glaucoma which develops tardily and over a long period of time.
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that is quite common. It is classified as damage to the retina that progresses slowly in four stages leading to blindness. The risks of getting DR can be mitigated by ensuring that you control your blood sugar and blood pressure level. Early diagnosis and treatment can mitigate the risk of vision loss.
Below is an explainer video about refractive errors.
Both can answer your questions and address your concerns about prescription eyewear. They can also recommend corrective contact lenses that compliment natural eye color. | <urn:uuid:ff4e05e2-1cb8-4bd8-bb62-3e2dbde35226> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nysacra.org/most-common-eye-diseases-revealed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.945252 | 479 | 3.421875 | 3 |
AI has expanded exponentially, and its usage is widespread in every domain. The constant striving to improve these AI bots further increases their potential to carry out numerous tasks. ChatGPT is one of the most common and widely used AI platforms. The common usage has also brought out its various incompetencies, prompting people to look for alternatives. Below, we list 20 alternatives to help you make your choice.
What Is ChatGPT and What Can It Be Used For?
ChatGPT is the language model developed by OpenAI. It is based on GPT-3.5 architecture to generate human-resembling text responses to the text prompts. It works on a conversational approach generating responses from its wide dataset.
The diverse range of functionalities and applications of ChatGPT includes:
- Answering questions
- Language translation
- Writing assistance
- Creative writing
- Learning and education
- Personal assistance
Best ChatGPT Alternatives
The best-rated options are as follows:
1. Microsoft Bing
The renewed version of Microsoft Bing is now an integrated AI tool with the Bing search engine. As a better alternative to ChatGPT, Bing is available for Microsoft users.
- It is powered by an upgraded model of GPT, specifically, GPT-4.
- It has a chat mode that can be switched into three modes: Creative, Balanced and Precision according to user queries.
- Allows switching to different conversational modes
- Performs keyword-based search
- Provides references
- Has room for improved speed
Pricing: It is freely available to users with limited queries per session and per day. The sign-in further increases the limit and allows lengthy conversations.
2. Perplexity AI
Introduced through the usage of OpenAI’s GPT-3.5, the functionality of perplexity AI is similar to ChatGPT. It is also integrated with GPT 4 co-pilot mode, serving users an upgraded role and ease of action.
- It has a user-friendly interface.
- It resembles GPT's ability to converse with the user and provide simple, complete, transparent responses.
- The upgraded feature is seen in the provision of sources and offering follow-up questions for better clarity.
- Capable of conversing without confusion
- Citations with follow-up questions
- The data may face plagiarism issues
- Lack of additional features
- Inability to retrieve past responses
Pricing: The AI model is free to use, too, without the need to sign up for an account.
3. Google Bard AI
Google Bard AI is powered by LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications). An experimental AI conversational service, it is based on Google’s own next-generation language and conversation model.
- It is a separately available search engine that allows text and voice-based prompts.
- Future developments are expected to integrate AI with search engines, aiding the search process.
- It excels in creative responses.
- Faster response time
- Suited for creative tasks
- Plagiarised content
- Doesn’t provide sources
- Comparatively higher chances of inaccurate results
Pricing: Google Bard is free to use with the prime requirement of a Gmail id.
It is another conversational AI platform operating on the cloud and linked with NLP. Using Open AI’s GPT-3.5, it is capable of dialogue management capabilities that support creativity and technology.
- It is more suited for sales, customer service and marketing-related tasks.
- The best feature here is the toggle option to include Google search data, allowing more variety.
- Capable of intelligent conversations
- Designed to meet marketers' and working professional’s demands
- Inaccuracy in the responses
- Comprises of the old dataset
- Very few features available in the free version
Pricing: Jasper.ai is free to use but has limited features. The Jasper’s Boss or Business Plan, comprising advanced features, begins at $59 monthly. It comes with a 5-day trial.
This ChatGPT alternative is more focused on creating fact-based content in combination with Google search. It depends on the GPT-3 language, is less prone to errors, remembers conversations, and continues responding based on them.
- It allows real-time updates.
- Aids in different professions such as poetry or accountancy.
- It is a voice-based conversation, and the ability to share pdf or Word documents and generate image-based outputs, which are available both with browser extension and Android App.
- Broader and up-to-date knowledge
- Ability to read back the response
- Gadget and user-friendliness
- Conversations are made interesting with different professionals
- Limited interactions as most features come with paid versions
Pricing: Provides 25 responses per day for free. Further usage is paid with a long-form plan available at $12.67 per month.
6. Pi, Your Personal AI
Pi is the personal Artificial Intelligence designed as a smart and supportive bot. It serves the purpose of answering, advising and casual chatting.
- The Pi AI chatbot comes with smart features and responses.
- It has a unique design evident through dialogue-based conversation rather than chats. Another unique feature is voice-based talking, where you can listen to this AI.
- You can also choose among four voices that mimic humans to comfort you.
- Suitable for mental health and realistic conversations
- Comforting voice
- Requires phone number to sign up
Pricing: The Pi personal AI is free to use. However, it requires an active phone number and an account.
7. GitHub Copilot X
GitHub Copilot X is highly suited for programmers. It has the GPT-4 model trained by millions of codes and is compatible with well-known coding platforms such as VisualStudio, VS Code, JetBrains and Neovim.
- The GitHub Copilot X performs auto-completion of codes and suggests them in real-time.
- The AI allows text and voice-based prompts for generating and improving codes, in-depth analysis, explanation of code blocks, and answering questions on docs.
- Assists programmer
- In-depth analysis and improvement
- Inability to generate accurate responses
Pricing: Available at $10 per month for individuals and $19 per month for organizations.
8. Amazon Codewhisperer
Alternative to both ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot X, the Amazon Codewhisperer is available from Amazon. It serves the same function and suggests codes in the integrated development environment (IDE).
- It allows codes in multiple programming languages.
- Built-in security scans
- Enterprise administration
- Intelligent suggestions
- Free for use
- It can be integrated across the Amazon ecosystem
- Supports lesser languages than the GitHub Copilot X
Pricing: Free to use
Offered by Microsoft, DialoGPT has been replaced by GODEL AI, yet remains open for use. It has a modest dataset that supports previous chat responses.
- The interface is, however, not user-friendly and requires HuggingFace’s interface API for easy access.
- It also provides examples to begin using, but the responses may seem confusing.
- It can be used as simple AI for interaction.
- Lighthearted chatbot
- Lacks context-based awareness
- Less trained
- Forgets responses sometimes
Pricing: Free to use
10. OpenAI Playground
It is a web-based tool similar to ChatGPT. It provides multiple customisation options for technical experts.
- It has advanced options for choosing the specific language model
- Allows to opt among the model's randomness, frequency penalty, number of tokens, stop sequences and others.
- The accuracy varies with language models, and the responses are good.
- Option to upload audio recordings
- Multiple language learning models
- Good accuracy and response speed
- Can not handle high demand
- Not for layman
Pricing: Free to use if you sign-up.
11. Character AI
Trained by neural language models, it is a conversation-based AI that allows choosing from different personalities. These include Socrates, Tony Stark, Joe Biden and many others.
- The Character AI accurately copies the talking style of chosen personalities.
- Takes voice-based input.
- It is also designed for built-in image generators for avatar creation but at the cost of speed.
- Multiple characters to choose from
- Ability to create an avatar
- Helps carry out interesting conversations with different personalities
- Slow responses
Pricing: Free to use when you sign up
It is a primitive AI chatbot focussing on relationships and companions. It allows for building deep relationships with itself. It is also based upon the GPT-3 language model that learns from the prompts to provide customized responses.
- It allows creating a Replika avatar and customizing it based on the user’s taste.
- It provides real-time updates, makes notes from conversations, allows playing games, talking about sun signs and carrying out video calls.
- Suitable for different devices
- Good communication with accuracy
- Learns about you
- Allows video calling
- Fewer features available in free usage
Pricing: Multiple intriguing features are available on membership. The pro membership is available at different prices, with the lowest at $19.99 monthly.
13. Chai AI
Going a step ahead to Replika, Chai AI or Chat+AI provides different personalities worldwide. The better-developed AI is available on different devices and is plug-and-play in nature.
- Different available bots are similar to human dating apps, with different personalities to suit your mood.
- The response time and multi-turn ability mix with user-created bots to provide a more enhanced experience.
- Ability to make one AI character
- Options to create custom AI bots
- Allows a specific number of messages
- Ads cause disturbance in mobile apps
Pricing: The initial limit of free usage is set to 70 messages that get refreshed every hour. The paid Premium and Ultra membership removes stated limits.
It is an AI-powered search tool that is integrated with a search engine and trained to conduct real-time conversations. The accuracy of search results is commendable.
- It has a user-friendly interface.
- YouChat can also write codes, advise, and summarise books and concepts.
- The stated AI is operated through a chat interface, allowing voice, video calls, group chats, file sharing and notification settings.
- Easy integration with third-party apps
- User-friendly interface
- Customization options
- Lacks additional features
- Hangs randomly while generating the response
- Inconsistent call quality
Pricing: The YouChat search engine and chatbot are free to use.
Launched by Google-backed company Anthropic, it is based on the constitutional AI technique. The accessibility is, however, limited through NTDev or Slack.
- Claude can perform different actions like content writing, chatting, doubt solving, generating bullet reports and summarizing.
- It is currently in beta mode, and the most intriguing features are controlled generation to avoid getting inappropriate results.
- Lesser response time
- Performs basic coding
- Creative and collaborative writing
- Multitasking ability
- Makes up the information
- Incorrect access to memory
- Unable to perform complicated calculations
Pricing: Free to use
16. Quora Poe
Poe, the abbreviated form of ‘Platform for Open Exploration’, is a platform launched by Quora allowing interaction with AI bots.
- It allows instant answers, back and forth conversations with different AI bots simultaneously.
- It can handle a wide range of inquiries and increase AI developers' efficiency.
- Allows profile creating and following other users
- Allows publishing model outputs
- One-stop destination for all AI chatbot interaction
- Can not handle complex queries
- Lacks Android app
- Limited access to two AIs
Pricing: The free form of Quora Poe has limited access to Claude and GPT4. It does require creating an account.
It is also a search engine that provides results by mixing together ChatGPT and different language models.
- NeevaAI can provide specific and accurate responses with real-time updates and multi-source searches.
- It does not contain trackers and ads.
- It has customization options, and its search results are coupled with summaries and references.
- Provides ad-free and privacy-focused experience
- Personalized results
- Comprehensive search coverage
- Limited search index
Pricing: Free to use
It is an AI research assistant platform that allows Literature Review. It intakes text-based input and summarizes the relevant information from research papers and documents concerning the questions.
- It also defines terms and answers research questions owing to its access to a large database of relevant research.
- Quick analysis and finding of papers according to topic.
- Saves time, thus increasing productivity
- Ability to customize workflow
- Confusing initial setup
- Not suited for unique or specialized topics
Pricing: Available for free on creating an account.
The AI tool is designed for educated professionals. It uses a GPT language generation model that generates human-mimicking text-based outputs.
- It allows learning objectives, assessment questions, icebreakers and others.
- Aids in easing writing based tasks
- Comprises domain-specific knowledge
- Aids learning the lesson plans
- Saves time and enhances creativity
- Does not provide API
Pricing: Learnt.ai is free of cost. The other packs, like starter and professional, are available at cost.
20. Elsa Speak
It is an AI coach that allows learning English pronunciation. It is suited to upskill English speaking skills, increase productivity and discover new business opportunities.
- Comprises of fun-based learning practices
- Provides real-life content for practice
- Increases productivity
- Excellent speech recognition
- Often freezes
- Few wrong pronunciations
Pricing: It is available at the price of $6.99 per year.
Drawbacks of ChatGPT
Some of the drawbacks evident in ChatGPT are:
- Lack of factual accuracy
- Sensitivity to prompts phrasing
- Generates long responses with irrelevant details
- Logically unreliable
- Limited contextual understanding
- Keeps on repeating the same (older) things after teaching
- Provides biased and offensive output
Why Should You Use a ChatGPT Alternative?
Numerous reasons encourage the usage of alternative to ChatGPT:
- To gain accurate and precise responses on technological or specific fields
- To get reliable and factually correct responses with real-time updates
- For customization according to needs
- To enhance the performance and efficiency
- To opt for AI, more concerned with avoiding bias and maintaining privacy
The Future of ChatGPT and the AI Marketplace
The constant developments are expected to improve the future of ChatGPT and subsequently grow its market value by providing a firm stand in the marketplace. The possibilities are due to the following reasons:
- Constant striving to improve capabilities, gain factual accuracy and obtain a reduction in biases.
- The interest is seen in customization for better suitability to meet the needs and demands of specific users by incorporating domain-based knowledge.
- Diverse integration options with applications and platforms, thus contributing to AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants.
- Collaboration with human experts is also under the expectations list
- Considering the ethical considerations, actions are being taken to address the same as well
- Further new innovations and models are also expected
The alternative to ChatGPT, both in open source and closed source, is either in beta mode and requires constant development, or the well-established ones continue to improve. It necessitates human involvement, skills, and fundamental knowledge. This field offers abundant opportunities for career growth and has vast potential. Simplilearn's Post Graduate Program in AI and Machine Learning offers comprehensive training, expert guidance, and a prestigious certificate from Caltech. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced professional, this program equips you with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in AI and machine learning.
1. What are AI chatbots?
AI chatbots are software applications merged with Artificial Intelligence that can interact with humans. They are designed to recognize text and speech.
2. Is there any alternative to ChatGPT?
There are multiple alternatives to ChatGPT, both in specific domains and in general. Common examples are Bard, Bing, Neeva, Claude and others.
3. What is the best alternative to ChatGPT?
The best alternative to ChatGPT completely depends on one's specific needs. However, GPT-4, IBM Watson Assistant and DialoGPT are the ones at the top of the list.
4. Are there any free alternatives to ChatGPT?
Yes, there are multiple free alternatives to ChatGPT, such as Bard, Bing, Claude, Character AI and many others. | <urn:uuid:c71362e2-3143-4891-994f-21facb5c55a6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/chatgpt-tutorial/chatgpt-alternatives | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100227.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130130218-20231130160218-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.898523 | 3,601 | 2.578125 | 3 |
In colonial New England,
there was little distinction between faith and community.
Meetinghouses were built by the communities, usually but not always through taxation,
and these were used for both religious worship and town business.
They were the central focus of the community, and were an important point of contact for all.
While most colonial meetinghouses that are still standing have been extensively renovated
to meet the needs of their owners and the styles of the times,
a few have not been substantially changed at all, and are fascinating glimpses into our history.
This project steps back to the late 1700s to explore these structures, their emptiness,
and the wonderful sense of space and light that now fills them. | <urn:uuid:faf337a8-294c-4b44-a42c-d68341d5325f> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.colonialmeetinghouses.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657104119.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011144-00187-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983723 | 146 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Acacia is a wood species rich in history. In biblical times, it was used for bows and boats because of its extraordinary strength. It was used in the construction of the Arc of Covenant. Perhaps the most significant usage of the wood was the building of the covenant box, which was placed in the middle chamber of King Solomon's Temple. Acacia is a hardwood that is grown on all continents. This pod bearing tree is known for its rich, dark colors, that range from gold to chocolate brown, as well as its beautiful, contrasting patterns. The wood is farmed throughout South East Asia for use in the furniture and housewares industries. One of the special characteristics of Acacia wood is an unusual property known as "chatoyancy" - it appears to change color and luster in different lighting conditions as if to shimmer. The wood can change from a light tan to a dark brown, sometimes appearing similar to walnut and sometimes more like teak.
Made of beautiful Acacia wood; a multi-use tool that looks beautiful as a serving piece
Measuring 14 by 14 inches plus handle; amply sized for pizzas and for serving a variety of cheeses and/or fruits
Stainless-steel grommet and leather hanging loop add to the peel's durability and utility
Acacia is known for its rich, dark colors that range from gold to chocolate brown, as well as its beautiful, contrasting patterns
The peel makes a great gift for newlyweds or new homeowners | <urn:uuid:c078148f-8a86-4504-955f-145b9002eab5> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://giftstore.bestgiftidea.net/ironwood-gourmet-acacia-wood-pizza-peel-354855714/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549427766.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170729112938-20170729132938-00545.warc.gz | en | 0.969802 | 305 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you spent the day frantically shopping at Saks, Bloomingdales or Neiman Marcus* (to name a few), you’ve witnessed the amazing legacy of the 19th century influx of German Jews to America. It was not uncommon for young German Jewish immigrants to feed their families by peddling and slowly building up resources to open a store. Although this was not a uniquely Jewish story, the inordinate success of some Jewish merchants profoundly shaped American retail history.
Perhaps the greatest story of German Jewish merchandising success can be found in the history of Federated Department Stores, Inc. (Now Macy’s, Inc.). It began in three parts:
1. In 1850, Simon Lazarus arrived in Columbus, Ohio, from Wurttenberg, Germany. Although he was a scholar by nature, he opened F & R Lazarus & Co. with the assistance of his wife and sons.
2. Prussian-born William Filene came to the Boston area around 1848. In 1881, he opened Filene’s Sons and Co, which his two sons took over in 1890 and built into a merchandising empire.
3. Abraham Abraham, the son of a Bavarian immigrant, was raised in New York. In 1865, he created Abraham and Wechsler with Joseph Wechsler, who was bought out by the Strauses in 1893. The store was renamed Abraham and Straus, which was often called A & S. (The Strauses, who were from Germany, originally settled in Georgia but moved to New York after the Civil War. They started a crockery and china store in the basement of R.H. Macy’s and became partners in the store in 1888. They became the owners of Macy’s & Co in 1895 and established the Herald Square store in 1902.)
Lazarus’, Filene’s, and A & S joined together in 1929 to create Federated Department Stores, Inc. One year later, Bloomingdale’s joined them. In time, Federated became the umbrella corporation for an enormous group of stores. In 1994, Federated Department Stores, Inc. and Macy’s merged. Federated began functioning under the name of Macy’s, Inc. shortly thereafter.
*These stores, while not necessarily mentioned in the Treat, all have Jewish roots. | <urn:uuid:eb65bccf-8d93-48ee-9164-ac34c1567b53> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://www.jdate.com/jmag/2012/12/where-are-you-shopping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189127.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00511-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972661 | 488 | 3.03125 | 3 |
CAH is caused by changes (mutations) in one of several genes. These changes lead to deficiencies in 21-hydroxylase or, less commonly, 11-hydroxylase. Both of these are chemicals called enzymes. The adrenal glands need these enzymes to make proper amounts of the hormones: cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, and adrenaline.
Figure 2. Inheritance of an autosomal recessive disorder from carrier parents.
How is CAH inherited?
The genes for CAH are passed down from parents to their children. In general, people have two copies of every gene in their bodies. They receive one copy from each parent. For an infant to have CAH, both copies must have an error that affects an adrenal-gland enzyme.
CAH is an example of an autosomal (pronounced AW-tuh-soh-muhl) recessive disorder:
- Autosomal means the gene is not on the X chromosome or Y chromosome.
- Recessive means that both copies of the gene must have the error for the disease or disorder to occur.
If both parents have CAH, all of their children will also have it. If each parent carries one affected gene and one normal gene (called a "carrier"), there is a one-in-four chance of their child having CAH. | <urn:uuid:d521f874-e0d2-469b-9c52-5aa7f6ff7481> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cah/conditioninfo/Pages/causes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948532873.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214000736-20171214020736-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.949785 | 282 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Presentation on theme: "029:006 — Lecture 2 Mechanics (M1) Why do things move?"— Presentation transcript:
1 029:006 — Lecture 2 Mechanics (M1) Why do things move? Historical Perspective
2 Aristotle 350 BC Was the final word on any scientific question Influenced scientific thought until the end of the 17th centuryBelieved that the natural state of an object was to be at rest—He was WRONG!
3 Galileo 1564-1642 To understand nature, you must first observe it He is considered the “Father of Modern Science”Imprisoned by Pope Urban VIII in 1633 for advocating that the earth was a planet revolving around the sun (heliocentric hypothesis)Pope John Paul II in 1992 declared that the Church was in error regarding Galileo.
4 Galileo, continuedPrevious thinking, accepted for 15 centuries, held that the earth was the center of the universe (geocentric hypothesis)Invented the first useful telescope in 1609Discovered the rings of SaturnHe performed the first experimental studies of motion
5 Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) and Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Tycho Brahe compiled the first detailed observational data on planetary motion (Mars), without a telescope! No one had previously attempted to make so many planetary observations.T. BraheJohannes Kepler derived the laws of planetarymotion using the data obtained by Brahe.J. Kepler
6 Isaac NewtonBorn Jan 4, 1642Published The Principia in 1687, considered the greatest scientific book ever writtenDiscovered the 3 laws of mechanics, known as Newton’s LawsBased on the work of Kepler, he discovered the Law of Gravity
7 Newton, continuedShowed that the same laws that govern the fall of objects on earth also govern the motion of the planets.Newton’s work followed directly from the experimental work of Galileo and Kepler’s analysis of the observations of BraheScientific progress: Brahe Galileo & Kepler Newton
8 Why does something move? Because nothing stops it!
9 Newton’s laws of motion Newton’s 1st law (Galileo’s principle of inertia) “A body at rest tends to remain at rest; a body in motion tends to remain in motion.”Newton’s 2nd law (law of dynamics) “The rate of change of the velocity of an object (i.e., its acceleration), is the net force exerted on it divided by its mass.”Newton’s 3rd law “For every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
10 Law of Inertia - examples Pull the tablecloth out from under the dishesKnock the card out from under the marbleHoop and PenKnock the plate out under the eggHammer headShake the water off of your handsThe car on the air track keeps goingHomer not wearing his seatbeltIf you are at rest, you tend to stay at rest; if you are moving,you tend to keep moving, unless something stops you.
11 Dogs use the principle of inertia! When a dog is wet, he twists his body back and forth to shake off the water.When the dog rotates his body in one direction, the water is set into motion.When the dog twists the other way, the water drops keep moving in the original direction and fly off of him.We do the same thing when we shake our hands after washing them.
12 Galileo’s principle of Inertia A body at rest tends to remain at restA body in motion tends to remain in motionOr stated in another way:You do not have to keep pushing on an object to keep it movingIf you give an object a push, and if nothing tries to stop it, (like friction) it will keep goingThe “natural state” of an object is not rest
14 Physics and Ice Hockey No force is needed to keep the puck moving forward after it leaves the player’s stick.
15 What is inertia? All objects have it It is the tendency to resist changes in velocityif an object is at rest, it stays at restif an object is moving, it keeps movingMass is a measure of the inertia of a body, in units of kilograms (kg)= 1000 gramsMass is NOT the same as weight !
16 Bart is on the moving train and then jumps straight up on the moving train will he land:1) on the ground, or2) on the train?Bart maintains his forward motion even as he jumps up. He lands on the train.
17 Other examples Having a catch on a plane, bus or train Throwing a ball up and down while walkingDribbling a basketball while running
18 Refined Law of InertiaNo force (push or pull) is needed to keep an object moving with constant velocityConstant velocity- moving in a straight line with constant speedNo stopping or turningNote that a body at rest hasa constant velocity of zero
19 Concepts: speed and velocity Speed: How fast am I going?measured in miles per hour (mph),kilometers per hour (km/h), feet per second (ft/s), meters per second (m/s), . . .
20 Velocity includes speed and direction Velocity includes information both about the speed (magnitude) and direction, not only how fast, but also in what directionIt is what we call a vector quantity – one having both magnitude and directionFormula to calculate the magnitude
21 ExampleThe average human can walk at 5 km/hr [1 kilometer (km) = 1000 m]. If a person walks at this rate for half a day, how far would he or she travel? Answer Since v = d / t, then d = v t d = v t = 5 km/hr 12 hr = 60 km
22 Position vs. time plots v = d / t Case A: speed is 20 m/10 s = 2.0 m/s Case B: speed is10 m/10 s = 1.0 m/sCase C: speed is5 m/10 s = 0.5 m/s
23 t = 0 to t = 1 s velocity = 3 m / 1s = 3 m/s EXAMPLE3 m6 mtime (seconds)distance (meters)t = 0 to t = 1 s velocity = 3 m / 1s = 3 m/st = 1 s to t = 3 s velocity = 0 m/s (at rest)t = 3 s to t = 6 s velocity = 3 m / 3 s = 1 m/s | <urn:uuid:48de9a87-4389-474e-8f3a-fe0698d70aae> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/2863271/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805923.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120071401-20171120091401-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.920108 | 1,384 | 3.671875 | 4 |
January 31, 2018
Successful leaders are inspiring! How exactly do they do it? Is there a magical online course they took over the weekend? Did they have celebrity CEO parents? While no one can guarantee success, one thing all leaders have in common is a high emotional intelligence.
Emotional Quotient (EQ) is defined as the capability of individuals to recognize their own emotions and those of others, while discerning between different feelings and labeling them appropriately. People with high EQ use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, and adjust emotions to adapt to environments or to achieve goals.
The primary benefit of these knowledgebases was that they enabled student service departments to store specific questions and answers in a single location and make changes over time as policies and programs changed. In many ways, this was an early attempt to create an online one-stop-shop for student questions.
Students could click on a pre-programmed topic, or run basic searches of the pre-defined questions, answers or other bucketed data.
However, the knowledgebase article approach is colliding with the evolution of communications. We are all guilty of TLDR (Too Long; Didn’t Read) syndrome. Students, like all of us, prefer pertinent information in short, digestible nuggets. But transforming articles and policies into short messages takes a lot of time and effort.
AI Chatbots can upgrade the knowledgebase model and help schools improve how students get answers by:
Enabling students to ask questions how they want to
Questions can be phrased in a multitude of ways. “How do I apply for financial aid?” can also be asked as “How do I submit a FAFSA?” or “I would like to know the procedure of financial aid.” These are real user questions all looking for the same answer. An AI Chatbot can interpret the ways to phrase a question and match it to the correct answer. A standard knowledgebase is far less likely to successfully inform students when approached with multiple phrasings.
Chatbots create a two-way conversation. Students rarely have one question. One question leads to follow-up questions. Chatbots allow students to ask the next question, and engage students with meaningful clarifying questions. Students are more likely to continue the conversation in this format. This encourages students to engage in the full depth of information a knowledgebase has to offer (but is so seldom retrieved with traditional tools)
Pulling in other relevant information
AI Chatbots can pull in relevant information from other sources. Knowledgebases require manual entry of new data. AI Chatbots have core content. Additionally, they can reach beyond their core to search college websites, forms, videos, policies and more. The power of content in an existing knowledgebase can be magnified by AI pulling in approved published content in all forms and mediums.
Well-designed AI Chatbots have the potential to make school knowledgebases much smarter, more engaging, and easier to maintain. Students can have questions answered more effectively and with greater ease. Tools can see students all the way through full conversations – without recreating the wheel. Staff time maintaining the knowledgebase can be reduced. And the resource can be accessed by students 24/7/365. | <urn:uuid:99276e71-f9c7-4fd9-ba33-48b47f082505> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.ocelotbot.com/articles/leading-with-eq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027318375.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20190823104239-20190823130239-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.942936 | 668 | 2.640625 | 3 |
General Information and Tips For Those Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes
Certain foods we eat are turned 100% into glucose (more commonly known as sugar) in our body. This glucose is used as energy. In order for our body to use this energy, the pancreas must produce and use a hormone called insulin. Insulin is made in the beta cells of the pancreas. It is responsible for allowing glucose to leave the bloodstream and enter all body cells. Once glucose leaves the bloodstream and enters the body cells, it is being used for energy and is no longer measurable in the blood. There is a normal amount of glucose needed in the bloodstream at all times. If you have had nothing to eat or drink, not including water, for at least 8 hours, then the normal glucose would be 70-99 mg/dl. Two hours after you have eaten, the normal glucose would be less than 140 mg/dl1. Once you have been diagnosed with diabetes, glucose goals are 70-130 mg/dl before meals and less than 180 mg/dl 2 hours after meals. Ask your doctor about the possibility of talking with a Certified Diabetes Educator to learn more about diabetes and what you should do to take care of yourself.
1American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations, vol. 33; Supplement 1
- Do not skip meals. Eat three meals per day.
- Make sure your meals are moderate in portion size and evenly spaced out throughout the day.
- Include all food groups in your daily choices. The food groups are Starches/grains, fruit, milk/yogurt, protein/meat and fats. Talk with a Registered Dietitian to determine the amounts of food recommended to help you meet your individual goals.
- Checking your glucose is helpful to your doctor in evaluating how your glucose is at home. It may be beneficial for you to check your glucose once daily or up to 8 times daily, depending on the treatment you are receiving for your diabetes. Keep a written record of you glucose readings and identify whether they are taken before the meal or 2 hours after the meal.
- If your doctor has prescribed medicine for your diabetes, take it just as it is prescribed. If you feel the medicine is causing side effects, contact your doctor.
- Uncontrolled diabetes can cause problems with the nerves in your feet. Symptoms of this are numbness and tingling in the toes or feet. It is important you check your feet daily for signs of poor healing of a wound or sore area. If an area is not showing signs of healing within 2-3 days, you should report this to your doctor and possibly have it looked at for evaluation. (There are other conditions that may cause numbness or tingling in the toes and feet. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms.)
- Always wear shoes. Do not go barefoot.
- Buy shoes in the late afternoon. Feet naturally swell during the day, therefore, it is better to purchase them when your feet will be at their largest. This will hopefully prevent tight shoes which may rub blisters on the skin.
- You may apply lotion on your feet but make sure you do not rub it between your toes. Consistent moistness between your toes may increase the risk of developing a fungal infection.
- A pedicure is not recommended. There is an increased risk of serious injury to the feet if the skin is accidentally cut during the pedicure. | <urn:uuid:85b27679-ea40-48f6-8d9f-243a3acf1867> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://highpointregional.com/our_services/diabetes_health_and_wellness/newly_diagnosed.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372202.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00185-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953711 | 706 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
Do you really want to delete this prezi?
Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Make your likes visible on Facebook?
Connect your Facebook account to Prezi and let your likes appear on your timeline.
You can change this under Settings & Account at any time.
Transcript of THAILAND LITERATURE
into four different periods background Thailand (Siam)
It is presumed that Thais originated in China and migrated down to Thailand along the southern part of China.
They split into two main groups.
One settled down in the North and became the kingdom of "Lanna" and the other one is in further south, which afterward was defeated by the Khmers and became the kingdom of "Sukhothai".
It now appears that the Thais might have originated here in Thailand and later scattered to various parts of Asia, including China. 2. Ayutthaya Period (1350-1767)
The period produced a variety of forms on diverse subjects. New poetic forms were created, with different rhyme schemes and metres.
It is common to find a combination of different poetic forms in one poetic work, resulting in lilit (a combination of rai and khlong), kap ho khlong, kap he ruea (a combination ofkap and khlong), klonkonlabot andphlengyao. Thai Literature 1. Sukhothai Period (circa 1238-1377)
The literary works in this period were designed to reaffirm national cultural identity, political stability and spiritual values, with the monarchs taking the lead in the promotion of arts, religion and public administration. 3. Thon Buri Period (1767-1782)
Despite its short period of 15 years, Thon Buri produced Ramakian, a verse drama to which King Thaksin the Great contributed his poetic talent.
The revival of literature at this time is remarkable since the country had not quite recovered from the aftermath of war. Some poets who later became a major force in the early Rattanakosin Period had already begun writing at this time. 4. Rattanakosin Period (1782-present)
It is only natural that many of the early Rattanakosin works should deal with war and military strategy.
When peace finally came, order was restored.
Laws of the country were revised and historical events were once again systematically recorded.
During this period there sprang a great wealth of Buddhist literature.
There were a great number of emotive literary works in the early Rattanakosin period, some modeled on Ayutthaya and Thon Buri traditions, others being new creations.
Literature has been closely associated with Thai life. In the earlier times, it was often recited at ceremonies and on other traditional occasions.
What is striking about the literature of the Rattanokosin Period is that all the kings have played an important part in promoting and creating literary works. Their contributions and dedications to the literary cause have led to the proliferation of high-quality literary outputs whether they were original works or translations. Early Thai literature was primarily concerned with religion and until the mid-19th century was in verse form.
Thai verse was written exclusively by the aristocracy or royalty, the only educated classes able to do so.
The tradition of authorship by kings can be seen in all periods of the country's history, from Sukhothai up to Bangkok.
Two Chakri monarchs, King Rama II (1809-1824) and King Rama VI (1910-1925), were distinguished poets and stalwart patrons of Thai arts. One of the most important Thai literary works is the Ramakian, a uniquely Thai version of the Indian epic, the Ramayana. Early Thai version of the Ramakian were lost in the destruction of Ayutthaya. The longest of the three present versions was written in 1798 by the first Chakri King, Rama I, and a group of intimates, who incorporated Thai and Buddhist elements into it to preserve oral knowledge of Ayutthaya state rites and traditions. Indeed, King Rama I's Ramakian is the major historical source of medieval Thai courtly traditions. Another major Thai literary figure was SunthonPhu (1786-1855), a poetic genius and well-beloved commoner. SunthonPhu's enduring achievement (apart from his legendary personal adventures) was to write superbly well in common language about common feelings and the common folk. Easily understood by all classes, his work became widely accepted. His major works were PhraAphai Mani, a romantic adventure, and nine Nirats mostly written during a pilgrimage, associating romantic memoried with the places he visited in central and eastern Thailand. Both King Rama V and Rama VI were also distinguished writers whose creativity contained the rich intellectual heritage in several prose and verse forms. Among outstanding literary works of King Rama V were Ngo Pa and the well-known collection of Klai Ban or Far Away from Home, on his journey to Europe in 1906-7. Those well-known works of King Rama VI were MatthanaPhatha, Phra non Kham Luang , and several patriotic articles entitled, Muang Thai Chong TunThoet or Wake up-all Thais, etc. THE RAMAKIAN
The Ramakian, the epic tale of Prince Rama and his wife Sita, of struggles between good and evil, pervades all forms of Thai artistic expression.
the local version of the Indian Ramayana epic, and its roll call of gods and demons belongs essentially to the Hindu world of the subcontinent rather than to the Theravada Buddhist land of the Thais.
Most cultures of Southeast Asia are rooted in Indian influences which filtered through the region
Religious, mythological, linguistic and other elements of Indian culture were absorbed rather than imposed by conquest and colonization, and thus became especially persuasive. Various local populations adapted and moulded Indian influences to their own ways, gradually evolving cultures that were distinct yet with common roots. The story of Ramakian:
Rama, the heir to the throne of Ayodhya, was sent into exile for 14 years by his stepmother. His wife, Sita and brother Lakshman went with him into the deep forest. Tosakan, the demon king of Longka (Sri Lanka), abducted Sita and carries her off to his island kingdom hoping to marry her. The brothers pursued him. Hanuman, the white monkey god, volunteers his service, together they won the alliance of two monkey kings, Sukrip and Chompupan, each with a powerful army. They march south to the coast opposite Longka. The monkey armies build a road of stone through the sea and lay siege to Longka. Many victorious battles are waged against Tosakan’s demon armies. Finally, Rama defeated Tosakan and killed him. Rama then crowns his ally, Piphek (Tosakan’s banished brother) as King of Longka and returns with Sita to resume his rign in Ayodha.
The Ramakienmurals at WatPhraKaeo or “The Emerald Buddha” is beautifully depicted through a series of 178 colorful murals, dating from the late 18th century. Thai Modern Lit
A leading literary figure is former Prime Minister M.R. Kukrit Pramoj,
. They appeared in various forms including short stories, articles, columns and critiques.
He is generally regarded as the best Thai short story author.
His collection of short stories, the so-called Lai Chiwit, is considered an exemplary work embodying the finest Thai prose, an appreciation of which is essential for the appraisal of Thai contemporary literature.
His most outstanding novel, Si Phandin , or Four Reigns, revolves around the court life from the reign of King Rama V to Rama VIII offering a vivid portrait of Thai society in those long years of the four interesting reigns. MODERN THAI LIT | <urn:uuid:8178039f-3faa-4bd5-af2f-12e3c2fb9faa> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://prezi.com/ztb6lw5-6aq6/thailand-literature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423839.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722002507-20170722022507-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.96507 | 1,774 | 3.171875 | 3 |
A new study finds that breast cancer patients who participate in intervention sessions focusing on improving mood, coping effectively, and altering health behaviors live longer than patients who do not receive such psychological support. Published in the December 15, 2008 issue of CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study indicates that reducing the stress that can accompany cancer diagnosis and treatment can have a significant impact on patients' survival.
Cancer patients undergo a significant amount of stress before, during, and after treatment. Many researchers have theorized that providing mental health services in addition to cancer care may improve patients' health and even prolong their survival. But studies linking psychotherapy to improved survival have had inconsistent results. To test the hypothesis, Dr. Barbara L. Andersen and colleagues at The Ohio State University conducted a randomized clinical trial with newly diagnosed breast cancer patients that tested whether receiving a psychological intervention could reduce the negative effects of stress and ultimately change the course of a patient's disease. Previous papers have shown that the intervention significantly improved psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes and enhanced immunity.
The investigators followed the 227 patients who had been treated for regional breast cancer for an average of 11 years, noting any cancer recurrences. Overall, they found that cancer recurred in 62 of 212 (29 percent) women for whom recurrence data was available; 54 of the total group of 227 (24 percent) died. Patients who were randomized to the intervention groups had about half (55 percent) the risk of recurrence compared to the control patients. The patients who did suffer a recurrence had been cancer-free an average of six months longer than the patients in the control group, a 45 percent reduced risk. The study also found patients receiving the intervention had less than half the risk (44 percent) of death from breast cancer compared to those who did not receive the intervention, and had a reduced risk of death from all causes, not just cancer.
The authors hypothesize that psychological interventions may impact immune changes that are secondary to stress hormones and that may promote cancer growth or metastasis, and that in addition to treating cancer patients with powerful antitumor medications, it is also important to treat psychological distress as well.
"If efficacious psychological interventions to reduce stress are delivered early, they will improve mental health, health and treatment-relevant behaviors, and potentially, biologic outcomes," the authors wrote. "If so, there is the possibility for improved survivorship and survival for cancer patients," they added.
|Contact: David Sampson|
American Cancer Society | <urn:uuid:7dbf0924-32f1-4dd9-b21e-457a35ed9c23> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Psychological-interventions-associated-with-breast-cancer-survival-29922-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049278417.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002118-00074-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954404 | 515 | 2.71875 | 3 |
US 20030104246 A1
In order to easily attach magnet pieces of a permanent magnet for a motor and thus to reduce eddy currents which occur in the magnet and ensure insulation performance between the magnet pieces, the present invention provides a permanent magnet for a motor which comprises at least two magnet pieces and one or more insulating sheets, each sheet comprising an insulating substrate and an adhesive, wherein said one or more insulating sheets are arranged at joint surfaces of the magnet pieces to attach and integrate the magnet pieces, and a motor using the same permanent magnet.
1. A permanent magnet for a motor comprising
at least two magnet pieces and
one or more insulating sheets, each sheet comprising an insulating substrate and an adhesive,
wherein said one or more insulating sheets are arranged between joint surfaces of the magnet pieces to attach the magnet pieces.
2. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
3. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
4. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
5. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
6. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
7. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
8. A permanent magnet for a motor according to
9. A motor using the permanent magnet according to
10. A motor using the permanent magnet according to
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a divided permanent magnet and a motor using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In motors, downsizing and weight savings, high power, high efficiency, and high reliability have been demanded. When an alternating magnetic field is applied to a permanent magnet used in a motor, eddy currents occur in the permanent magnet and the permanent magnet generates heat due to the eddy currents thus occurred, resulting in a great loss of the motor. In particular, in terms of a permanent magnet containing iron such as a Nd—Fe—B-based permanent magnet having high energy product, electric conductivity is great. Then, motor efficiency is decreased due to a loss which occurs as a result of higher harmonic eddy currents which flow through such a permanent magnet. Furthermore, a phenomenon in that heat generation of the permanent magnet causes demagnetization of the magnet is observed.
In order to reduce eddy currents which occur in a permanent magnet, a method has been generally employed, wherein a permanent magnet is divided into a plurality of permanent magnet pieces. The permanent magnet pieces are attached after all, and in such a case, the respective permanent magnet pieces must be electrically insulated so as to prevent eddy currents from flowing across the end faces of neighboring magnet pieces.
Methods for insulation include, for example, a method wherein the surfaces of respective divided permanent magnet pieces are attached after insulation-coating and a method wherein respective permanent magnet pieces are attached and fixed by an insulative adhesive to carry out insulation. However, when permanent magnet pieces are attached and fixed one by one, work to remove adhesive overflows from the attached surfaces becomes necessary, or the overflowed adhesive extends around the neighboring adhering end faces, and the non-targeted ends of the magnet pieces are thereby also fixed, resulting in an unintentional omission of further application of the adhesive, for example. In addition, insulation coating onto the magnet surface increases the number of steps and thus increased costs, which has posed a problem. Furthermore, in some cases, when the thickness of the insulation coating or insulative adhesive is lowered, partial conduction may occur. Thus, insulation performance has not been always perfect.
It is an object of the present invention to easily attach divided magnets of a permanent magnet for a motor and thus to reduce eddy currents which occur in the magnet and ensure insulating performance between the magnet pieces.
As a result of a study of a method for easily and securely adhering division permanent magnet pieces while insulating the same, the inventors discovered that, by carrying out adhesion of joint surfaces between permanent magnet pieces by use of an insulating sheet containing an adhesive, a magnet in which insulation performance is securely ensured and eddy currents are reduced can be manufactured with a high productivity.
More particularly, the present invention provides: a permanent magnet for a motor which comprises at least two magnet pieces and one or more insulating sheets, each sheet comprising an insulating substrate and an adhesive, wherein said one or more insulating sheets are arranged at joint surfaces between the magnet pieces to attach the magnet pieces; and a motor using the same permanent magnet.
According to the present invention, when a permanent magnet for a motor is divided, it is possible to easily and securely carry out insulation and adhesion of magnet pieces. In addition, by the present invention an eddy-current loss can be reduced, thus a high-performance motor can be provided.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a permanent magnet in which permanent magnet pieces are attached via insulating sheets containing an adhesive.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an integrated permanent magnet having a complicated cross-sectional shape.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a permanent magnet in which 8-division, plate-like magnet pieces of a Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet are attached and insulated.
In the present invention, for example, a divided permanent magnet piece 2 as shown in FIG. 1 is attached and integrated via an insulating sheet 3 containing an adhesive, thus an integrated permanent magnet 1 is constructed. Electric insulation of the divided magnet pieces 2 of the integrated magnet 1 is mutually ensured.
Herein, the permanent magnet of the present invention may mean a product which comprises two or more magnet pieces in an integrated manner. Such a plurality of magnet pieces may be identical in shape and size to each other or may be different in shape and size from each other.
In the present invention, the dividing number of a permanent magnet is not particularly limited. If the dividing number increases, effects of electric insulation become great, whereby occurrence of eddy currents is further suppressed. On the other hand, an increase in the dividing number can result in an increased cost. Hence, the dividing number may be determined by taking both aspects of the eddy-current suppressing effect and cost into consideration.
The type of magnet used in the present invention is not particularly limited and any materials can be used. For example, Sm—Co sintered magnets, Sm—Co bonded magnets, Nd—Fe—B sintered magnets, Nd—Fe—B bonded magnets and the like, which are high performance rare-earth magnets, can be used. In addition, the presence or absence of a plating film or an insulating coating on the magnet surface is not particularly limited.
It is preferable to use magnet pieces having a thickness of 0.5 to 100 mm. If the thickness thereof is too high, the magnet pieces may not be easily handled and adhering work may become difficult. If the thickness thereof is too low, the magnet pieces may not be easily handled and dimensional errors in joints may become great, and in some cases, dimensional accuracy after the adhesion may not be easily obtained.
As an insulating substrate to be used in the present invention, paper, fabric, nonwoven fabric, film, cloth and the like can be mentioned, and preferably, nonwoven fabric, film, or cloth can be used. In particular, an insulating substrate made of an insulating resin having resistivity of 1013 to 1016 Ωcm can be mentioned, although this depends on the thickness. For example, glasscloth; a nonwoven fabric and film selected from polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyurethane and the like; and the like can be included, which are characteristically impregnated or applied with an adhesive, respectively. In particular, glasscloth is more preferably used.
The thickness of an insulating substrate is preferably 10 to 1000 μm. It is further preferable to select a 50 to 750 μm insulating substrate, although this depends on the material, etc. Surface processing such as a plasma treatment or the like may be applied to the surface of such an insulating substrate in advance.
As an adhesive used in the present invention, for example, epoxy adhesives, acrylic adhesives, silicone adhesives, and ceramic adhesives can be included. In particular, from a standpoint of workability, it is preferable to select a heat-curing epoxy adhesive or a quick-drying acrylic adhesive. In particular, Epoxy Resin AV138 (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Ltd.), Hardlock G55 (manufactured by DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO K.K.) and the like can be included.
Insulating sheets used in the present invention each comprises an insulating substrate and an adhesive.
In particular, when insulating sheets comprising an adhesive are selected, it is necessary to consider usage environment including working temperature and working load of the magnet and costs and to make a selection according to the objective.
In addition, in a case where an integrated magnet attached by insulating sheets is further processed into a final shape, it becomes necessary to select insulating sheets containing an adhesive which have an adhesive strength capable of withstanding the processing.
These insulating sheets containing an adhesive are prepared so as to have a shape identical to the shape of an adhering surface of a magnet piece or to become slightly larger, and are inserted between the magnet pieces which have been processed to have appropriate dimensions according to need. For such an insulating sheet to be inserted between magnets, a method wherein an adhesive is directly applied to a magnet piece and an insulating substrate is attached thereto, a method wherein an adhesive is impregnated into an insulating substrate, and a method wherein an insulating substrate, to which an adhesive has been applied in advance, is inserted between magnet pieces can be included, for example. In consideration of the problem of outflow, it is particularly preferable to use an insulating sheet in which an adhesive has been impregnated.
As an insulating sheet in which an adhesive has been added to an insulating substrate, it may be satisfactory to use an insulating sheet in which an adhesive has been comprised at 30 to 80% by weight based on the amount of the insulating substrate. If the amount of adhesive is too great, the adhesive may outflow and it may take time to harden the adhesive. On the other hand, if it is too small, magnet pieces may not be integrated, insulation may be insufficient, and in some cases, eddy currents may not be suppressed.
After one or more insulating sheets containing an adhesive are inserted between a predetermined number of two or more magnet pieces, the adhesive is cured at room temperature or by heating, ultraviolet light, etc., and the magnet pieces are integrated. In a case where the adhesive is heated, the adhesive may be heated, for example, to 50 to 250° C. Insulating sheets in which a heat-curing adhesive has been impregnated may be cured by exposing the insulating sheets to an desired temperature in a desired period of time, while using jigs through which an appropriate load is imposed to the adhering surface by a spring plunger, etc. Consequently, secure adhesion may be attained. In addition, in a case of integration, a pressuring load of 0.01 to 10 g/mm2 may be imposed according to need.
Permanent magnet pieces are thus integrated by insulating sheets containing an adhesive and become a desired permanent magnet (for example, a permanent magnet 1 shown in FIG. 1). Furthermore, if necessary, the attached magnet pieces may be additionally processed and finished into an integrated permanent magnet 11 which, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, comprises magnet pieces 12, 14 and 16 and insulating sheets 13 and 15 and has a complicated cross-sectional shape. In addition, by adhering magnet pieces and then cutting the same, it may be also possible to manufacture a plurality of permanent magnets by one-time adhering work.
The permanent magnet obtained by adhesion according to the present invention may be used as a permanent magnet for a motor but may be used independently of the motor structure. It may be particularly preferable to apply it to an embedded type motor.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by use of examples. However, the present invention is not construed to be limited to these examples.
As Example 1, 8-division, plate-like magnet pieces shown in FIG. 3 were obtained from a Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet. The respective magnet pieces (even numbers out of 22-34) had dimensions of 58L×13W×12Tmm and had received no surface treatment, and were attached and integrated with a load of 6×10−3 kg/mm2 via a 0.1 mm-thick glasscloth (odd numbers out of 23-35) impregnated with 50% epoxy resin. The glasscloth had a resistance value of 2×1014 Ωcm.
As Comparative Example 1, similar to Example 1, magnet pieces (even numbers out of 22-34) were attached and integrated by applying a heat-curing epoxy adhesive (Epoxy Resin AV138 manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Ltd.) with 0.1 mm.
After integration, electric resistances between the respective magnet pieces 22-24, 24-26, 26-28, 28-30, 30-32, 32-34, and 34-36 were measured.
As a result, electric resistances between the respective magnet pieces of the magnet which is produced by applying only the epoxy adhesive (comparative example) had great unevenness as shown in Table 1 and it was difficult to ensure insulation between all of the respective divided magnets. In contrast thereto, with regards to the integrated magnet which is produced by adhesion of insulating sheets, all electric resistances between the respective magnet pieces showed 40 ΩM or more, indicating that insulation was securely carried out. Incidentally, the electric resistances were measured by means of a digital multimeter manufactured by YOKOGAWA.
Furthermore, the work for adhesion and integration in the case where insulating sheets were used could also be more simply and easily carried out, and could be completed in a working time one third as long as that of the adhering work by only an adhesive. | <urn:uuid:ea40e687-b149-460c-a69e-5ce8543875d6> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.google.com/patents/US20030104246?ie=ISO-8859-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657133033.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00273-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935726 | 2,962 | 2.734375 | 3 |
“There is no expedient to which a man will not go to avoid the labor of thinking” Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)
A colleague of mine has a student evaluation form framed on his office wall, from an MBA student we jointly taught a few years ago. It marks us a very low 2/5. The comment accompanying this scathing mark is “the Professors made me think for myself, it was far too hard and not the reason I joined the MBA programme”.
Why is thinking for ourselves so difficult?
There are so many reasons that have been suggested that we really don’t know where it start. The dominant Western education system comes in for most flak, as a “system designed to rapidly equip the common person with the sort of skills they would need to competently work in factories or farms back in the 1800s”, and university is described as a “clone factory”.
Certainly culture plays a huge part, even the Western, supposedly ‘Individualist’ culture, tribe membership comes with costs attached; it pays not to criticise the leaders and not to annoy your peers. It can even be a survival strategy when living among ‘abusers’ – Uber springs to mind although I have seen others. Extroverts tend to do better than Introverts in the corporate world because they are more likely to actively court approval from peers.
The dilemma is that, research suggests that Introverts are more likely to think for themselves. Group think explained. Fit in, or stand out….
More generally, people may simply lack the motivation or have the ability/skills. The fact is that the daily toil most people have for a life simply does not require them to think.
Worryingly, according to Sofo Archon, people are simply afraid to think for themselves. Why?
- Thinking brings change.
- Thinking brings doubt.
- Thinking brings responsibility.
Why is thinking for ourselves so important?
With robots and AI approaching it might be reasonable to suggest that the ability to think for oneself may be the only ability any of us needs to master in our lifetimes. Certainly it is the source from which all future invention, advancement, prosperity, knowledge, and wisdom are likely to flow. Why is it critical?
- Thinking brings change – The business environment is already changing faster than most managers can deal with – inevitably they fall behind. History is littered with companies that simply failed to change.
- Thinking brings doubt – Certainty, stability and predictability is simply a figment of the business world’s imagination*, it has never existed. Business is risk. Tomorrow’s manager needs, not only to embrace doubt and uncertainty, but to see it as an opportunity.
- Thinking brings responsibility – To be a leader, one first needs followers. Followers respect leaders who accept responsibility. The past few decades have witnessed the widespread avoidance of responsibility, by politicians, religious leaders, as well as senior business leaders. As part of the structural change since the ‘crisis’ of 2008, the “I didn’t say that”, “It wasn’t my fault”, “Everybody was doing it” is being treated with growing disdain – the future belongs to those who will relish, not shirk, responsibility.
“The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.” George Bernard Shaw (1903) | <urn:uuid:a1c95b4c-ec5e-465b-b28f-78c92967cd16> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.fifield.co.uk/get-if-off-your-chest-1-thinking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867859.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526190648-20180526210648-00094.warc.gz | en | 0.968532 | 738 | 2.625 | 3 |
I love it when people share their bird observations! There is so much we don’t understand about the bird world and when you study and raise questions about bird displays, it’s the first step toward learning more.
Like humans, birds communicate through sound and gestures. In the spring bluebird family groups break up and previously unattached males and females move to new territories. The young will move from the parental territories eventually to another location before choosing a mate. This is called natal dispersal and reduces the chances of inbreeding.
Older birds can quickly re-establish their connection and begin nesting as soon as the weather permits. Young birds at the beginning of nesting season start singing loudly from tree tops to attract a mate and announce his presence to neighboring males.
Once he attracts a female, the songs become quieter and used more as a communication between pairs. You may also observe different visual displays. The wing-wave is where a bird sort of twitters his wings like a baby bird to get a females attention, usually near a nestbox. They also use a lopsided flight or hover flight to show off a potential nesting site.
Nest building can begin immediately or not. They may check out several sites or even begin to nest and then stop. Many factors are involved in nest building like competition from other birds, weather, loss of a mate or just a feeling of security.
However your male sounds like he got stuck in the first phase of establishing a territory. When he sees his reflection in the window, he thinks it looks like another bird just his size trying to steal his territory. His aggressive behavior is stimulated and he tries to scare away the interloper. With his increased testosterone, batting against the window and guarding the food source becomes his focus instead of wooing a female.
Some tips to encourage the bird to begin looking for a mate again:
• Cover the window with screens
• Shut the blinds on your windows when you are not at home and at night.
• Rub the window with a bar of soap or liquid soap to decrease the reflection.
• Float shiny mylar balloons or Flutter Scare tape.* Anything that moves and repels the bird from that area will be effective.
• Post a hawk silhouette outside a window.* Hawks prey on birds, so their images will keep birds from flying towards your window.
• Install a window feeder.* This breaks the reflection and other birds interrupt the birds battles with himself.
*Available at Wild Birds Unlimited – East Lansing, Michigan | <urn:uuid:a4072a3a-5c9c-4913-89a8-289db677113a> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://lansingwbu.blogspot.com/2012/04/male-bluebird-courtship-stalled.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164007955/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133327-00030-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954798 | 516 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Our School Council aims to encourage our children to:
· Develop confidence and responsibility and make the most of their abilities
· Prepare them to play an active role as citizens in a modern day Britain
· Develop healthy, safer and active lifestyles
· Develop good relationships and respect the differences between people
· To have a “voice” and to share their opinions and ideas with others
The Department of Education (DE) is keen to support all schools to have structures in place, which allow pupils to have a real say in issues that affect them and to know that their opinions count. School Council is one way in which schools can try to encourage the involvement of pupils, but there are many others.
Our School Council aims to ensure our children have:
· A safe, happy and fair learning environment
· A forum to voice their opinions/concerns and act upon them
· A structured opportunity to learn problem-solving skills
· An opportunity to take an active role in the organisation of the school
· An opportunity to experience a democratic process (British Values)
Our School Council should give pupils the experience of:
· Planning, organising and monitoring small projects
· Speaking and listening skills
· Debating skills
· Negotiating skills
· Basic budgeting and managing money/fundraising
Class elections will be held at the start of each year so that different representatives can put forward their election speeches. Two candidates will be elected from each Year 6 class - one male and one female - and one representative from every other class in school. This means we will have 16 members of the school council from Year 6 to Reception age.
· Two representatives from each Year 6 class
· One representative from each class from Year 5 to reception
· Lead teachers - Mr S Belcher and Mrs S Hall
· An agenda is to be organised by the lead teacher
· Minutes will be recorded
It is a very responsible job, and School Council Members will share information with their class, and get ideas and views from pupils by talking.
Link between the School and Class Councils:
Each class will allow time in their day after a school council meeting to discuss the meeting/topic. If a matter rises or a great idea occurs to help the school, the issue will be presented to the School Council through the class representative at the next meeting.
Running the School Council Meetings:
The School Council will vote for a chair. This is the person who makes sure everyone gets a turn to speak and encourages all members to contribute (from Year 6) . In addition, the School Council will ensure someone takes notes during the meeting (vice chair-from Year 5 or 6) and the notes will help the classes discuss the meeting. The minutes from the meeting will be updated to the school website.
Giving Feedback to Pupils:
Following the School Council Meeting, School Council Members speak to their class to let them know what is going on and tell the class about the issues being discussed and what is happening next. This will encourage more children to contribute to further meetings, share worries and let members know the things, which could be done to improve the school. The school will record School Council Achievements on the school newsletter, via the school website and Twitter. | <urn:uuid:74975a0d-915a-4fe1-b9e2-32993d35ae40> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.hilderthorpeprimaryschool.co.uk/web/main.php?page=schoolcouncil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587926.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026200738-20211026230738-00696.warc.gz | en | 0.960323 | 664 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Immunotherapy breakthrough recruits more immune cells to fight cancer
The immune system is one of the most powerful tools we have in the fight against cancer, but sometimes it needs a little extra help. In a new study from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, researchers have developed a new way to summon a wider variety of immune cells to target tumors.
One of the most promising forms of immunotherapy is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. This involves removing immune cells from a patient, engineering them to attack a certain type of cancer cell, then injecting them back into the body to hunt down the disease.
This technique has shown particular promise against cancers of the blood, like leukemia, but hasn’t performed as well against solid tumors. According to the researchers on the new study, that’s largely because solid tumors have too wide a range of cell types and proteins.
“One of the major impediments to effective T cell therapy is that in many cases not all cancer cells within a single tumor look the same,” says Paul Beavis, senior author of the study. “In fact, it is common to have high variability of the target protein recognized by the CAR T-cells inside the same tumor, an effect known as heterogeneity. Engineered CAR T cells are very effective at killing the cancer cells that express the target protein. But, unfortunately they are not very good at finding cancer cells that lack this target protein.”
So for the new project, the Peter Mac team set out to find a way to make them more effective. The idea was to recruit other types of immune cells to the tumor site to aid the engineered T cells. Of particular interest were dendritic cells (DCs), which effectively teach T cells what to hunt down.
The researchers engineered T cells that secrete a certain growth factor that attracts more DCs to the tumor. There, they’re able to set off a stronger immune response against the cancer. Mouse tests proved promising.
“When we placed these engineered T cells into mice with tumors we found they were able to trigger an influx of DCs into tumors,” says Junyun Lai, co-lead author of the study. “When we combined the engineered T cells with drugs that further activate immune cells, we found that we could shrink tumors far more effectively. What was really exciting about this approach is that we were able to stimulate the body’s immune system to attack multiple targets on cancer cells, helping to overcome the issue of heterogeneity.”
The team says that dendritic cells might be the key to improved immunotherapies. Other studies have investigated ways to inject stimulants into the tumor itself to rally dendritic cells, or give them snippets of cancer RNA to learn what to attack.
The research was published in the journal Nature Immunology.
Source: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre | <urn:uuid:c38f49fd-a64e-4ffa-9a48-e05a2ac5ab9e> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://newatlas.com/medical/immunotherapy-breakthrough-dendritic-cells/?00000179-a1f1-dd16-a97f-fbfb569e0000-page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780055645.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20210917120628-20210917150628-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.96218 | 597 | 2.78125 | 3 |
- Since the referendum vote, the SNP has been riding a wave of unprecedented popularity
- One opinion poll sees the party taking all 59 parliamentary seats in Scotland
- If either of the main UK parties fails to secure overall majority, this would put SNP into strong position
(CNN)Six months ago, it was a political party that had lost.
The Scottish people had decisively rejected independence from the United Kingdom in a referendum that the Scottish National Party demanded.
SNP leader and Scotland's first minister Alex Salmond -- who for more than 20 years led the Scottish nationalists from a fringe interest to the country's government -- resigned. His party's dreams of a sovereign Scotland looked in tatters.
At the time, the leaders of the UK's main political parties -- Labour and the Conservatives -- must have thought their worries about Scotland were over for a while.
But what has emerged, as the UK prepares to vote in a general election on May 7, is quite the opposite.
Since the referendum vote, the SNP has been riding a wave of unprecedented popularity.
In March, membership of the SNP officially passed 100,000, in a country with an estimated population of 5.3 million.
If the polls are right, the Scottish National Party could take the bulk of the seats in Scotland at voting time.
Nick Anstead, a specialist in political communication and elections at London School of Economics, says the SNP has been tactically clever. "They've managed to appear to be both an insider and an outsider party," he says.
"They run a government in Scotland and they get to act like outsiders in the context of Westminster politics."
The Scottish National Party, currently the ruling party in Scotland, was formed in 1934, with Scottish Independence as its central principle. In 1998, following a vote in favor of devolution by the Scottish people, a Scottish parliament was created with powers to make laws on a range of issues.
The national government in Westminster retains control of issues like foreign policy, defense and immigration, but Hollyrood has authority over issues like health and tourism for Scotland.
The Scottish National Party's soaring popularity is also a legacy of the 2014 independence referendum campaign.
"Scotland went into the referendum with an independence party but came out with a movement," says Iain Macwhirter, a political commentator and author of "Disunited Kingdom: How Westminster Won a Referendum but Lost Scotland."
"That's led to a genuine sea change in political attitudes in Scotland -- and a determination by the 45% (of Scots) who voted (for independence) to translate that into votes for Westminster," he adds.
If they do, it could be a game-changer in British politics.
At the time of writing, Scottish Television projects the party could win all 59 parliamentary seats in Scotland. A win of those proportions would be earth-shattering -- in the 2010 election they took six seats and their previous all-time high was 11 in 1974.
The knock-on effect in Westminster of the SNP's new-found power could be substantial. It would take most of the vote in Scotland from the left-of-center Labour Party, currently the party of opposition in the UK, possibly wiping out Labour's presence in a former heartland.
A SNP landslide would also fragment Labour's vote, meaning that even if it won enough votes across the rest of the country to win the election, it would still need another party to form a government.
"At the moment, it looks like it's very hard to construct a majority (in government) without them," says Anstead.
There are 650 seats in the UK Parliament, and the party that controls more than half forms a government. Notably, in the last election in 2010, neither Labour nor the Conservatives won enough votes to go it alone, so a coalition government was formed by the Conservatives with the Liberal Democrats.
This time around, there has been a surge in support for parties like the UK Independence Party and the Green Party -- although it remains to be seen how this translates into seats.
These parties have traditionally had little representation in Parliament, and any support they win nibbles away at votes that would traditionally have gone to either the Conservatives or Labour.
And skyrocketing support for the SNP in particular means it would be the likely kingmaker of a coalition government.
That is particularly troublesome for the Conservatives, since Nicola Sturgeon, leader of the SNP, has said her party will "never, ever" go into a coalition with them.
She has gone as far as to say that she wants an "anti-Tory" majority in Westminster with the Labour Party that can work towards a politics that is "something better, bolder and more progressive."
In response, Britain's right-of-center parties have gone on the offensive with rhetoric about the risks of a deal between Labour and the SNP, saying that a party that wants to break up the UK would effectively be put into a position of dominance.
Boris Johnson, the Conservative Mayor of London said it would be a recipe for disaster and called Sturgeon a "scorpion," compared her to King Herod the baby killer and one tabloid called her "the most dangerous woman in Britain."
But the SNP is not making life easy for the Labour party either. Crucially, it says it won't go into a coalition with Labour -- but has not ruled out a looser agreement.
One way it could do it is with confidence and supply government that would allow the SNP to maintain a Labour government in power in a less formal way.
"It (would give) them power to extract concessions on a vote by vote basis," says Anstead.
Sturgeon has accused Labour of being Tory-lite and has said she will "embolden" the party if the SNP finally gains real power in Westminster.
Labour leader Ed Miliband has been quite clear that there is no possibility of a deal. "I want to be clear about this. No coalitions, no tie-ins ... I disagree with them on independence," he told the BBC.
All this just adds to the multiplicity of possible outcomes in what is proving to be the most unpredictable election the UK has seen for many years.
Back in Scotland, people aren't worried about any of this. In offices and pubs and on the street, the Scots have a renewed sense of confidence.
"The independence vote woke everybody up," says Jonathan Kane, 40, a restaurant/bar owner who lives in Edinburgh. He voted for independence in the 2014 referendum.
"I realized that nobody really knew that much about politics until the independence debate -- and that's across the whole spectrum of the people I meet in the pub," he says.
But over the past two years, he adds, people have gotten a lot more switched on to economic and political issues.
Kane adds: "That's why I think a massive drive is happening now: Because people who maybe weren't pro-independence are now (thinking) let's just vote SNP because we'll have more say.
"No one would have predicted: 'Let's all vote No and shake up Westminster.'" | <urn:uuid:e3f95958-f78a-40cf-b283-658865de872b> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/29/europe/uk-election-scotland/index.html?eref=edition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812556.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219072328-20180219092328-00786.warc.gz | en | 0.975769 | 1,461 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Northern Territory’s (NT) environment is central to the economy - from tourism to primary industry, and our creative industries to the resources sector.
In the NT, ‘environmental services’ is a term that groups services involved in the delivery of land / resource management and environmental protection.
This could include services like habitat protection, fire management, water monitoring and management, and pest management services.
A range of environmental service providers in the NT help ensure our natural resources are managed sustainably.
These service providers include:
- environmental consultants
- botanists, zoologists and ecologists
- natural resource managers
- coastal and marine scientists
- fisheries and aquaculture scientists
- soil scientists
- remediation experts
- pastoral industry advisors
- weed control specialists
- Aboriginal rangers
- Aboriginal marine rangers
- land use and development planners
- researchers across a range of areas.
These specialists have expertise in tropical, arid and coastal environments. That presents an opportunity for the NT to use that expertise to better manage and develop our natural resources.
Charles Darwin University (CDU), with its campus headquarters located in Darwin, is internationally recognised for its world-class environmental science research.
It leads national research collaborations across the natural, spatial, physical and social sciences. | <urn:uuid:b5989378-ce67-4c69-9c7b-be82f7d846b6> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.theterritory.com.au/invest/industry-sectors/environmental-services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232255837.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190520081942-20190520103942-00180.warc.gz | en | 0.918331 | 269 | 2.53125 | 3 |
[ previous ] [ Contents ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ next ]
The companion package,
userv-utils, contains a selection of
example services, some of which are useful tools in their own right. See the
README in its top-level directory for details.
In later versions of this specification standard service names and interfaces for common services such as mail delivery and WWW CGI scripts may be specified.
userv-using applications and system services which hide
userv behind wrapper scripts may need to store information in the
user's filespace to preserve the correct placement of the security perimiters.
Such applications should usually do so in a directory (created by them)
~/.userv/service, where service is the
service name or application in question.
If desired, a dot-directory inside ~/.userv may be used to avoid the user becoming confused by finding parts of a semi-privileged application's internal state in their filespace, and/or discourage them from fiddling with and thus corrupting it.
userv applications should of course not rely for their
global integrity and security on the integrity of the data on the user's side
of the security boundary.
Currently most Unix systems have many components which need to run as root, even though most of their activity does not strictly require it. This gives rise to a large and complex body of code which must be trusted with the security of the system.
If they were to use
userv, many of these subsystems would no
longer need any unusual privilege.
lpr and the system's mail
transfer agent (
the like) all fall into this category, though
of these programs are not currently available.
There is a danger that people reimplementing the facilities I mention above
userv will discard much of the security benefit by using a
naive implementation technique. This will become clearer with an example:
lpr program. In current systems this needs to have
an absolutely privileged component in order to support delayed printing without
copying: when the user queues a file to be printed the filename is stored in
the print queue, rather than a copy of it, and the printer daemon accesses the
file directly when it is ready to print the job. In order that the user can
print files which are not world-readable the daemon is given root privilege so
that it can open the file in the context of the user, rather than its own.
A simple-minded approach to converting this scheme to use
might involve giving the printer daemon (the
lp user) the ability
to read the file by allowing them to run
cat (or a special-purpose
file-reading program) as any user. The
lpr program would use a
userv service to store the filename in the printer daemon's
queues, and the daemon would read the file later when it felt like it.
However, this would allow the printer daemon to read any file on the system,
whether or not someone had asked for it to be printed. Since many files will
contain passwords and other security-critical information this is nearly as bad
as giving the daemon root access in the first place. Any security holes in the
print server which allow a user to execute commands as the
will give the user the ability to read any file on the system.
Instead, it is necessary to keep a record of which files the daemon has been
asked to print outside the control of the print daemon. This record
could be kept by a new root-privileged component, but this is not necessary:
the record of which files a user has asked to be printed can be kept under the
control of the user in question. The submission program
make a record in an area under the user's control before communicating with the
print server, and the print server would be given the ability to run a special
file-reading program which would only allow files to be read which were listed
in the user's file of things they'd asked to print.
Now security holes in most of the printing system do not critically affect the security of the entire system: they only allow the attacker to read and interfere with print jobs. Bugs in the programs run by the print server to read users' files (and to remove entries from the list of files when it has done with them) will still be serious, but this program can be quite simple.
Similar considerations apply to many
userv-based versions of
facilities which currently run as root.
It is debatable whether the user-controlled state should be kept in the user's filespace (in dotfiles, say) or kept in a separate area set aside for the purpose; however, using the user's home directory (and possibly creating a separate subdirectory of it as a dotfile to contain subsystem state) has fewer implications for the rest of the system and makes it entirely clear where the security boundaries lie.
uservcan often replace
sudo, but not
userv is not intended as a general-purpose system administration
tool with which system administrators can execute arbitrary programs like text
editors as root (or other system users) when they need to. It is unsuitable
for this purpose precisely because it enforces a strong separation between the
calling and the called program, which is undesirable in this context.
However, its use when restricted to running particular programs in particular
ways is very similar to many common uses of
userv is generally
much better than restricted
sudo, because it protects the called
program much more strongly from bad environmental conditions set up by the
caller. Most programs that one might want to run via restricted
sudo, have not been designed to run in a partially hostile
userv allows these programs to be run in a safer
environment and should be used instead.
When the service program is reading from a file descriptor connected to the
calling side, the fd that the service program refers to a pipe set up by
userv and not to the same object as was presented by the caller.
Therefore if there is some kind of error it is possible for the service-side fd to give premature end of file. If it is important to tell whether all of the intended data has been received by the service program, the datastream must contain an explicit end-of-file indication of some kind.
For example, consider a
userv service for submitting a mail
message, where message is supplied on the service's stdin. However, if the
calling process is interrupted before it has written all of the message, the
service program will get EOF on the message data. In a naive arrangement this
would cause a half-complete message to be sent. To prevent this, it is
necessary to adopt some kind of explicit end indication; for example, the end
of the message could be signalled by a dot on a line by itself, and dots
doubled, as in SMTP. Then the service program would know when the entire
message had been received, and could avoid queueing incomplete messages.
Do not specify general purpose programs like
execute- directives without careful thought
about their arguments, and certainly not if
specified. If you do so it will give the caller much more privilige than you
It is a shame that I have to say this here, but inexperienced administrators
have made similar mistakes with programs like
[ previous ] [ Contents ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ next ]
User service daemon and client specification1.1.1 | <urn:uuid:5b2f86c2-3d20-4eb1-a3a6-efafde173d01> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~ian/userv/spec.html/ch-notes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257825124.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071025-00059-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943325 | 1,595 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Over 300 universities in the United States offer field hockey scholarships to girls (college field hockey is not offered for guys) who would like to combine field hockey and studies at a high level!
Playing college field hockey in the U.S. is the perfect way to improve your game, become stronger mentally and physically, build a network of international friends and earn a university degree that will lay the foundation for a successful career, whether on or off the field.
How does college field hockey work?
College field hockey is different than ‘regular’ field hockey, both in organization and atmosphere. You don’t play for a club, but you represent your university’s team. Each team typically consists of 23 girls, who train with each other almost every day and compete against other universities in regular and conference games. All teams try to qualify for the national tournament. A typical college field hockey game consists of four 15-minute quarters. The rules in college field hockey are a bit different:
- Games cannot end in a tied score, and so games will always continue in overtime.
- In overtime, both teams have 7 players (including goalkeeper) on the field. The first team that scores in overtime wins.
- In case neither of the teams scores, the game will end in shootouts.
Additionally, a big difference is the atmosphere. Team members and fans are very loud, supporting each other and often shouting encouraging chants while the games are going on – the energy level is high
Slamstox college field hockey players in the USA
Slamstox has placed many field hockey players at American universities. Our field hockey players include girls who played at the highest national level, like Sarah Sinck, and girls who play at the regional level, like Brittany Lionarons. Our players attend universities all over the United States, from California to the Northeast. Slamstox Field Hockey specialist Kim van der Meulen has been on this adventure her self, curious about her story? Check it over here!
College field hockey fun facts
- At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, the United Sates women’s field hockey team consisted of 17 (ex-) field hockey players!
- Together with Slambassador Mink van der Weerden (captain of the Dutch national team), Slamstox organizes field hockey clinics and showcases.
- As opposed to most other sports, college field hockey is not played in every U.S. state. It is concentrated mostly in California and the Northeastern states. Many Southern states such as Florida, Georgia and Mississippi are not home to universities that offer field hockey programs. | <urn:uuid:7139dbeb-a986-4fd3-a664-22aa6fa6f55d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.slamstox.com/en/sport/field-hockey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216897.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130161537-20201130191537-00174.warc.gz | en | 0.958233 | 538 | 2.5625 | 3 |
UN Climate Change News, 6 August 2018 – With the help of the UN, the world’s USD 2.5 trillion USD fashion industry is shifting to more sustainable business models which can help fight climate change and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
The fashion industry, including the production of all clothes which people wear, contributes to around 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions due to its long supply chains and energy intensive production. The industry consumes more energy than the aviation and shipping industry combined.
Shifting practices in the fashion industry to reduce carbon emissions is key to limiting warming to as close to 1.5°C above pre-Industrial Revolution levels, in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
In addition to its carbon intensive supply chain and production processes, the fashion industry consumes a great deal of other precious resources.
To make just one pair of denim jeans, 10,000 liters of water is required to just grow the one kilo of cotton needed for the pair of jeans. In comparison, one person would take 10 years to drink 10,000 liters of water.
Cumulatively, the fashion industry produces about 20% of global waste water. Furthermore, 85% of textiles end up in landfills or are incinerated when most of these materials could be reused.
One good example of how ambition to tackle climate change is growing in the fashion industry is collaborative initiative called the UN Alliance for Sustainable Fashion, co-sponsored by 10 UN organizations including UN Climate Change.
To help build awareness around fashion’s impact on the environment, UN Development Program Goodwill Ambassador Michelle Yeoh explains the use of forest based materials for sustainable fashion in this video “Made in Forests”.
UN Climate Change encourages sustainable fashion through its Climate Neutral Now (CNN) campaign which connects organizations that want to offset carbon emission with investments in carbon emissions reductions across the developing world.
Lindita Xhaferi-Salihu, who works for Climate Neutral Now, described CNN’s involvement with sustainable fashion as “kick-starting a multi-stakeholder initiative to mobilize fashion around climate action through three work streams: enabling “within sector” collaboration; facilitating engagement with policymakers; and catalyzing action and providing recognition.”
At last year’s major UN Climate Change Conference in Bonn, Germany, the fashion industry outlined which steps it is taking to support the goals of the Paris Climate Change agreement.
For example, the fast fashion retailer H&M shared their strategy to be 100% run on renewable energy by 2040 with a fully circular production model, where the by-product of one industry serves the objective of another.
Other Inspiring Examples of Climate Action in the Fashion Industry
The 2018 Pulse of the Fashion Industry Report also contains positive news. There was a 6% increase in general sustainability efforts across the entire garment industry since last year’s report. The weakest points in the industry are small and medium sized enterprises in the entry- to mid-price segments which comprise just over 50% of the entire industry, pointing to issues of scale in implementing general sustainability measures. However, new data presented in the 2017 report shows that a failure to implement sustainability measures into garment production will cause companies to lose out on a 2% increase in earnings by 2030.
Additionally, the famous blue jean manufacturer Levi, Strauss & Co has announced a new climate change action plan. Using Science Based Targets, the company plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% across its global supply chain by 2025. The plan also includes a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in all owned-and-operated facilities, which will be achieved by investing in onsite renewable energy and energy efficiency upgrades. | <urn:uuid:5d432152-c34d-44db-bdba-e9b662a96403> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://unfccc.int/index.php/news/un-helps-fashion-industry-shift-to-low-carbon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213691.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818154147-20180818174147-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.93149 | 762 | 3.359375 | 3 |
What is the Reaction Engine?
Simply put…Reaction is the result of using Vision to link Reads to Execution
The Reaction Engine is fuelled by the reads that gather the information necessary to tactically execute.
When reacting to constantly changing and dynamic situations, a goalie needs to Read-Recognize-React with twith technical skill, tactical purpose and at the right time.
A fine tuned reaction engine will provide a greater opportunity to be positionally prepared and shot ready. | <urn:uuid:a0da4260-02b3-46e2-bad6-2e578810de7a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://teamshutout.com/reaction-engine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.925559 | 99 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Basically, FID is a way of writing narrative that incorporates the thoughts, opinions or general set of vocabulary that the character in question would use.The tone of the book is one of absolute ease and surety on the part of the author, w.
Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Ian Watt. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.One of the reasons that Aldous Huxley is one of my favorite writers is because the themes and ideas that he communicates in his works are so accurate to real life.On the other hand, Catherine Morland from Northanger Abbey is so caught up in Gothic fantasy that she fishes for any creak, bump or flutter in the night to arouse her senses.The author knew Latin and Greek texts in the original language and spoke fluent French.Within her exploration of the political issues surrounding the gentry, Austen addresses issues relating to money and property, particularly the arbitrary quality of property inheritance and the precarious economic position of women.Although this may seem a little dated, shows like House of Cards and The Wire contain dozens of secondary characters whose primary conflict in the story is such mobility.
Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either was concerned.His poetry is truly beautiful and the ideas that they convey are often very profound.
Austen shows us that her fear is caused by her wish to be scared and nothing else.They offered their readers a description of (most often) the ideal woman while at the same time handing out practical advice.Jane Austen is generally acknowledged to be one of the great English novelists, so it is no surprise that her novels have remained continuously in print from her day.The modes of development help give life to a writing and keep the reader interested in the selection they are reading. One.Jane Austen wrote Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion.Since the rise of feminist literary criticism in the 1970s, the question of to what extent Austen was a feminist writer has been at the forefront of Austen criticism.
Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page.According to Emma, Miss Bates is a talkative woman who never seems to have a.A book club that appreciates literature, the works of Jane Austen, and the occasional bloody mayhem.Mrs John Dashwood did not at all approve of what her husband intended to do for his sisters.The elegant writing style of novelist Jane Austen may have been the work of her editor.This can help a writer develop a more organized writing making it easier for the reader to read.
Jane Austen, Writing Teacher: Introduction - Anne WaldronC. E. Brock illustration for the 1895 edition of Pride and Prejudice (1813).Her novels are witty, compelling, and always provide an interesting look on society, whilst being simply entertaining.
S ince all of the characters are attempting to emulate a certain type of speech, small deviations from the norm emphasize distinction but permit the illusion of gallant merrymaking alive.Strictly speaking, the Regency is the period 1811-1820 when King George III.In doing so both use many modes of development to give the reader a better understanding of their views on illegal immigration in the United States.
A List of Facts about Jane Austen - The Balance
As I mentioned before using, Free Indirect Discourse can make help frame your characters as narcissists, social justice warriors or paranoiacs, just to name a few examples.If you have any feedback, or any suggestions yourself, feel free to leave them in the comments.
The writing has expanded spaces between letters, but the letters themselves are narrow, which suggests that Austen was a bit shy. | <urn:uuid:0b8e3cfe-3a83-4120-af08-d801bbd4f64d> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://vegasgrand.us/katez/jane-austen-writing-style-3402.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591455.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720002543-20180720022543-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.949131 | 808 | 2.875 | 3 |
“Pitiless glacial rain was falling in Bogota” on April 23, one observer said. Then, “as if by magic, that mute, lugubrious world fell apart as marchers rumbling by brought color, happiness, fraternal embrace, and hope.” They filled the Plaza Bolivar from all sides; 100,000 people had arrived in 2500 buses from all 28 Colombian departments. They were, “the forgotten Colombia, the Colombia of young people, children, old people…men and women whose views were shaped on the land and in adversity.”
Speakers at this founding celebration of Marcha Patriotica called for a “second and definitive independence,” structural transformation, and peace with justice. Demands were heard for agrarian reform and access to health care and education. Marcha Patriotica “emanates from workers, small farmers, women trying to hold families together, indigenous peoples, and Afro-Colombians,” Nelson Lombana Silva writes. The movement seeks to integrate social movements and political parties. Planning started in 2010, the bicentennial year of liberation from Spanish rule.
Over two previous days, 4000 delegates representing 1700 social and political organizations, with two delegates each, had gathered at a convention center. They discussed Colombia’s political situation, outlined organizational structures, defined tasks, approved a political declaration, established commissions, and appointed a National Patriotic Council. Some 130 international guests were present. Plenary session speakers included: Voz newspaper director Carlos Lozano; Piedad Cordoba, leader of Colombians for Peace; Senator Gloria Inés Ramírez of the Alternative Democratic Pole (POLO); Jaime Caycedo, Communist Party secretary general and former Bogota city councilor; and Marcha organizers.
The movement’s political platform displays revolutionary aspirations. It notes “new dynamics of collective action in our country,” and “growing desire [for] exercise of politics linked to the many social and class conflicts.” The document proclaims a “vocation for power, while signaling the necessity for political change to overcome imperial domination and hegemony imposed by dominant classes over two centuries.” Marcha Patriotica is “not simply a tactic of alliances but is a process for building subjective consensus as to unifying the oppressed and exploited classes, our historic task.”
The platform calls for political solution of armed conflict; democratization of society, state, and economic model; alternative ways of life and production; human rights guarantees; “humanization of work,” reparations for victims; land reform and protection of rural people, educational reform based on “teaching for emancipation; a “culture of solidarity and transformation of the social order;” and lastly, Latin American integration, internationalism, and national independence.
The Liberal Party’s left wing headed by Piedad Cordoba and the Colombian Communist Party helped launch the Marcha Patriotica. National student organizations, the Fensuagro agricultural workers union, indigenous groups like the National Minga, small farmer groups, and protesters against the El Quimbo dam project were also instrumental.
Colombia is used to political projects aiming at left unity. The Patriotic Union (UP) and the Democratic Alliance, propelled by demobilized M-19 insurgents, emerged in the 1980’s. The recently established POLO electoral coalition, joined by the Communist Party, now suffers from internal divisions and disregard of social movements. Leaders issued a statement supporting the Marcha Patriotica, but POLO was unrepresented at the inaugural events.
Communist Party involvement with the UP and Marcha Patriotica suggests kinship of the two, which Marcha organizers deny. The UP came about because insurgents of the Revolutionary Army Forces of Colombia (FARC) abandoned armed struggle to enter electoral politics. The FARC now apparently has no role with the Marcha Patriotica.
Yet one clear sign of Marcha Patriotica importance is scapegoating it has provoked on the government’s part. President Juan Manuel Santos, other officials, and the media say Marcha Patriotica was a FARC idea and is infiltrated by the FARC. Evidence is cited derived supposedly from captured FARC computers, even though the Supreme Court earlier had discredited computer-based evidence used against journalists and other left wing political figures. Soldiers and police throughout Colombia have monitored and harassed Marcha activists over several months, arresting and tailing many of them, threatening family members, and barging into homes. They interfered with travel to Bogota. Intelligence operatives watched over proceedings there.
The U.S. – allied Colombian government, protective of banking, landowning, mining, and drug-running interests, intimidates also through killings. Under its auspices, 5000 activists associated with the UP were massacred. Now, three Marcha organizers are dead, or feared dead. Victims are: Martha Cecilia Guevara Oyola, community leader in Caquetá, disappeared on April 20; Hernan Henrry Diaz, Fensuagro organizer responsible for getting 200 Putumayo people to Bogota, disappeared on April 18; and Mauricio Enrique Rodriguez, bodyguard for Carlos Lozano and others, killed on April 27.
Nevertheless, expectations for the Marcha Patriotica are high. According to its political declaration, “Colombian patriots arrived in Bogota to affirm the existence of collective dreams, to lay out routes of dignity, to open doors of hope just as did liberators for the first independence. We are participating in a new historical chapter, forged necessarily in the broadest possible popular unity.”
W. T. Whitney Jr. is a retired pediatrician and political journalist living in Maine. | <urn:uuid:4f1693b4-dd07-46e3-8dcf-86984867d36d> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.counterpunch.org/2012/04/30/a-new-hope-for-peace-in-colombia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889798.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121001412-20180121021412-00015.warc.gz | en | 0.944962 | 1,190 | 2.875 | 3 |
Gel electrophoresis is used to isolate, identify, and characterize properties of DNA fragments in many different situations and at many different points during the cloning process. A small amount of DNA can be loaded into a well at one end of a gel in an apparatus that allows a current to be run through the gel.
Which of the following is true of the analysis of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis?
Which of the following is true of the analysis of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis? DNA has an overall negative charge and moves to the positive pole. An electric current through the gel causes DNA fragments to migrate.
What does knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allow researchers to do?
The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment. For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off.
Which of the following techniques do scientists use to make copies of a gene?
PCR is an incredibly versatile technique with many practical applications. Once PCR cycling is complete, the copied DNA molecules can be used for cloning, sequencing, mapping mutations, or studying gene expression.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis quizlet?
is a technique commonly used in the lab to separate charged molecules, like DNA, according to size.
What are the advantages of gel electrophoresis?
This allows one to exploit differences in particle size, charge and shape, and results in the following advantages: (i) Charge and size isomers of proteins can be detected. It is possible to separate components of similar size, but different surface net charge density.
How does gel electrophoresis allow researchers to observe genetic variation?
How does gel electrophoresis allow researchers to observe genetic variation? Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to distinguish allele variants of a gene. The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to predict genotype frequencies from ______ frequencies.
How do you Analyse gel electrophoresis results?
A Complete Guide for Analysing and Interpreting Gel Electrophoresis Results
- The composition and concentration of the buffer.
- The concentration of the agarose gel.
- The purity and concentration of the DNA.
- The voltage of the electrophoresis.
- Use of the buffer and agarose gel.
- Preparation of the gel.
- The pH of the buffer and DNA.
Which type of DNA analysis is likely to be most effective when analyzing the ancient remains of mummified body?
Due to the low DNA recovery rate from ancient remains, mitochondrial DNA is always the best choice to target, as sequences from multi-copy loci have more chance to be detected in ancient remains than single-copy sequences, due to the presence of larger numbers per cell .
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
Why would a scientist want to determine the sequence of a DNA molecule?
A scientist may want to know the sequence of a DNA molecule because it can help in studying a specific genes of the DNA, to compare them with genes in other organisms, and to discover functions of different genes and their combinations.
What is the purpose of DNA sequencing quizlet?
What is the ultimate goal of DNA sequencing? To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of each chromosome.
What technique would a scientist use to produce many copies of a desired piece of DNA?
A technique used to amplify, or make many copies of, a specific target region of DNA.
How do molecules separate during electrophoresis process?
In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores. The molecules travel through the pores in the gel at a speed that is inversely related to their lengths.
Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?
Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes? A) A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell’s DNA. B) Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small.
What is the principle of DNA gel electrophoresis quizlet?
What does the technique of electrophoresis rely on? The principle that when a molecule enters an electrical field, its mobility is influenced by the charge of the molecule, the size and shape of the molecule, the strength of the electrical field, and the density of the medium through which the molecule is migrating.
How is gel electrophoresis beneficial to humans?
[Editors note: DNA fingerprinting uses gel electrophoresis to distinguish between samples of the genetic material. The human DNA molecules are treated with enzymes that chop them at certain characteristic points, thereby reducing the DNA to a collection of more manageably sized pieces.
What is the fundamental concept that causes gel electrophoresis of proteins to work?
What is the fundamental concept that causes gel electrophoresis to work? Some proteins are enzymes and will react with molecules in the gel. All proteins have the same charge and will move through the gel at the same speed.
Does gel electrophoresis show genotype or phenotype?
One application of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis is that it can reveal an individual’s genotype at a specific genetic locus. In this case, the DNA segments loaded into a sample well are copies of the DNA from one chromosomal region or locus from a single individual.
How do DNA fragments migrate and resolve in a gel electrophoresis?
1 Answer. (a) The DNA fragments resolve according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves. (b) The given agarose gel electrophoresis shows migration of undigested DNA fragments in lane 1 and digested set of DNA fragments in lane 2 to 4 …
How does gel electrophoresis determine DNA size?
How to calculate the size of a DNA band on a gel?
What are the advantages of analyzing mitochondrial DNA?
The high sensitivity of mtDNA analysis allows forensic scientists to obtain information from old items of evidence associated with cold cases and small pieces of evidence containing little biological material.
What is ancient DNA analysis?
Ancient DNA is a powerful research tool, capable of addressing diverse questions surrounding the origin, distribution, susceptibility, or evolutionary changes of a pathogen and the disease it may cause (eg, Devault et al., 2014a
From: Beyond the Bones, 2016.
How is DNA used for identification of human remains?
If sufficient DNA can be recovered, forensic DNA typing can identify biological samples—even when the human remains are fragmented and the DNA is degraded, as with the World Trade Center victims. Identifications are made by comparing the DNA profile of reference samples with those from the human remains. | <urn:uuid:1b336009-af71-4702-bf17-623e19b81dba> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://questionscollection.com/question-what-is-the-purpose-of-gel-electrophoresis-tool-in-genetic-engineering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334514.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925035541-20220925065541-00795.warc.gz | en | 0.897394 | 1,492 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Genetically modified food should be limited
Genetically modified (gm) food in in the field of eu funded research in genetically modified food to be european research should not only be limited to. Statement on benefits and risks of genetically modified foods for human health and nutrition while recognizing increasingly limited arable farm resources. This statistic shows the reasons consumers think genetically modified foods should be labeled in canada as of august 2015 during the survey, 87 percent of the. The purchase price of this product includes a limited detecting genetically modified foods by pcr reagents (at each student station) soy or corn food products. Debate: should canada label gmo foods the initiative for labeling of genetically modified food reader's digest magazine canada limited. It is the wholesale contamination of the world's food supply with genetically modified gmo foods should be so the limited risk assessments conducted.
Analysing genetically modified and organic foods growing genetically modified (gm) food industry or are organic foods and do contain a limited amount of. As genetically modified (gm) foods are starting to intrude in our diet concerns have been expressed regarding gm food safety these concerns as well as the. Genetically modified crops and food 2 introduction the debate about the safety and need for genetically modified (gm) crops and foods and is limited by natural. Genetically modified food is a source of great controversy, yet most of us are eating it every day if you cook with canola oil, snack on biscuits and chocolates. 42 scientists recommend that food safety assessment should take place on a case-by-case basis before genetically modified food is brought genetically engineered. They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods sold on the market genetically modified food essay by lauren one freelance limited.
Mandatory labels for genetically modified foods are a bad idea such labels have limited people americans who oppose genetically modified foods would. Public perception towards genetically modified foods in tanzania public perception towards genetically towards gm foods in developed countries, a very limited. There is a lot of controversy around the pros and cons of genetically modified food do you think gmos are dangerous is genetically modified food dangerous.
Debate: mandatory labeling of genetically mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods would cost labeling of genetically modified foods increases. The european union (eu) has in place a comprehensive and strict legal regime on genetically modified organisms (gmos), food and feed made from gmos, and food/feed. Genetically modified food 12 search terms indicated that the number of references on the safety of gm or transgenic crops was surprisingly limited. What foods have gmos “genetically modified products are in an estimated of 60 “opponents to gm stress that this type of assessment of risk is too limited.
Advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified food updated on june proponents argue that genetically modified foods gmo safety research has been limited. Social and economic issues – genetically modified food social and economic issues – genetically modified food time limited and transparent known. Foods produced through will genetically modified foods be applying such criteria provides reasonable assurance that the newly introduced protein has limited. Detox from dangerous bt-toxin found in gmo food avoiding genetically modified foods should be at the top of russia, etc, have limited imports or outright.
Genetically modified food should be limited
Yes, they are efficient yes, genetically modified foods are good for the environment, because they allow farmers to produce more food for more people.
Genetically modified foods why gmo foods are not bad for your health genetically engineering isn't limited to making plants easier to grow. With respect to genetically engineered foods policy with respect to gmos has been limited on labeling of genetically modified foods. Find out what is genetically modified food is genetically modified food safe to eat what research over 20 years are saying on genetically modified foods. Gmos, genetically modified crops - genetically modified foods: the answer to world hunger. “should genetically modified foods be labeled genetically modified food should be limited ipe 6 – acadamec writing skills research paper february. These concerns maybe less frequent in transgenic plants since only a limited of genetically modified foods where the modified food.
Genetically modified food you are what you eat, and eating genetically modified food can harm your body we are now living in an era where we tend to change. | <urn:uuid:f0a351a6-8ba2-43e5-b329-d4f527e95e5f> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://kdessayvsjz.jazmineearlyforcouncil.us/genetically-modified-food-should-be-limited.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267860089.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618051104-20180618070849-00044.warc.gz | en | 0.940411 | 878 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Émigrés - French Words That Turned English
Publisher: Princeton University Press
The fascinating history of French words that have entered the English language and the fertile but fraught relationship between English- and French-speaking cultures across the worldEnglish has borrowed more words from French than from any other modern foreign language. French words and phrases—such as à la mode, ennui, naïveté and caprice—lend English a certain je-ne-sais-quoi that would otherwise elude the language. Richard Scholar examines the continuing history of untranslated French words in English and asks what these words reveal about the fertile but fraught relationship that England and France have long shared and that now entangles English- and French-speaking cultures all over the world.Émigrés demonstrates that French borrowings have, over the centuries, “turned” English in more ways than one. From the seventeenth-century polymath John Evelyn’s complaint that English lacks “words that do so fully express” the French ennui and naïveté, to George W. Bush’s purported claim that “the French don’t have a word for entrepreneur,” this unique history of English argues that French words have offered more than the mere seasoning of the occasional mot juste. They have established themselves as “creolizing keywords” that both connect English speakers to—and separate them from—French. Moving from the realms of opera to ice cream, the book shows how migrant French words are never the same again for having ventured abroad, and how they complete English by reminding us that it is fundamentally incomplete.At a moment of resurgent nationalism in the English-speaking world, Émigrés invites native Anglophone readers to consider how much we owe the French language and why so many of us remain ambivalent about the migrants in our midst. | <urn:uuid:d3fd9824-8772-495f-bc17-53180546905e> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.24symbols.com/book/english/richard-scholar/emigres---french-words-that-turned-english?id=3569193 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703524858.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121132407-20210121162407-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.919909 | 390 | 2.78125 | 3 |
With winter’s arrival, the caseload at the UW Insect Diagnostic Lab is low, although ID requests continue to trickle in. Recently, dark-winged fungus gnats (Family Sciaridae) are one of the commonest insects I’ve seen at the lab. These tiny (1/16 – 1/8 inch long), dark-colored flies are almost always associated with houseplants.
Despite their small size, adult fungus gnats can readily be identified by their wing venation. Using a bit of magnification, the translucent wings of these insects possess an oblong, rounded “Y” towards the tips of the wings. While the delicate adults gnats may catch our attention, the larvae are at the root of the problem. The slender, worm-like larvae possess a dark head capsule and live in moist environments.
The connection with houseplants has to do with the feeding habits of the larvae. Fungus gnat larvae generally aren’t plant pests, but scavenge on fungal spores. If the soil of a houseplant is kept too moist, it can create ideal conditions for them. An abundance of fallen decaying plant materials (leaves, etc.) on the soil surface can also contribute. Some of the commonest sources of fungus gnats (and other houseplant pests) are “outdoor” plants which were brought indoors in the fall.
Adult fungus gnats may be a nuisance, but are harmless and short-lived. They will often be observed near potted houseplants (where females can lay eggs) or at nearby windows. When it comes to fungus gnat problems, the following approaches can be helpful:
1) Dry out the Soil: Fungus gnat larvae thrive in damp soil or potting mix. Cutting back on waterings is often the single most important step in dealing with fungus gnats and the mere presence of these gnats is often an indicator of overwatering. Allowing the soil to dry out between waterings decreases survival of the larvae. For succulents and other popular plants that are tolerant of dry conditions, cutting back on waterings can often correct a fungus gnat issue over time without any additional steps.
2) Sticky Card Traps: These traps look like bright yellow index cards, but are covered with a sticky adhesive. When purchased at local hardware stores, garden centers, or online, they usually include small stakes to help place these cards into pots. The adult fungus gnats are attracted to the color of the traps and can become stuck in the adhesive. Used alone, these traps will not eliminate fungus gnats. However, these traps are a non-chemical way to capture adults and can help when used in combination with other approaches. If you have significant fungus gnat numbers, swapping out sticky cards on a regular basis can help monitor for trends over time.
3) Soil Monitoring: If you have lots of houseplants, determining which plant(s) is/are harboring the larvae can be a challenge. One helpful approach is to place slices of potato on the soil surface of potted plants. If larvae are present in a given pot, some may come to the surface to feed on the readily-available starches of the potato. Checking the potato slices for the presence of the dark-headed larvae can help determine where to focus your attention.
4) Cultural Practices: If fungus gnats are really bad, it can sometimes make sense to discard a problematic plant to prevent it from serving as a continual source of fungus gnats. Alternatively, a favorite plant could be washed to bare roots and re-potted in fresh potting mix. When obtaining new plants, it can be helpful to isolate and monitor new plants for fungus gnat or other insect activity before placement amongst other houseplants.
5) Soil Treatments: With severe or persistent infestations of fungus gnats or in cases where watering can’t be reduced, treating the soil is an option to directly target the larvae. The commonest option is to use a product labelled for use on houseplants containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). These products are based on a naturally-occurring bacteria that is toxic to fly larvae. Such products can be applied as a liquid drench (e.g., Gnatrol) or as granules (e.g., Mosquito Bits) to the soil surface and watered in. Such products won’t eliminate fungus gnats overnight, but can be effective over the course of several weeks.
6) Sprays for Adult Fungus Gnats: Spraying for adult fungus gnats with is not generally effective or recommended. Targeting the adults will only provide temporary relief and it is much more effective in the long-run to target the larvae at the heart of the problem. | <urn:uuid:99e8e525-774a-48e0-85e7-dd9d0668be42> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://insectlab.russell.wisc.edu/2020/12/28/fungus-gnats-tiny-flies-around-your-houseplants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662522309.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518183254-20220518213254-00029.warc.gz | en | 0.924189 | 996 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Last Updated on May 31, 2020 by Renee’
What is Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid (a gland located at the base of the throat) doesn’t produce enough T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) causing it to be underactive. This can cause a multitude of symptoms.
The Thyroid Hormones T3 & T4 maintain the rate at which your body uses fats and carbohydrates. They help control your body temperature, influence your heart rate, and help regulate the production of proteins.
The reason it takes sometimes years (the average is 5) to diagnose is that the symptoms of hypothyroidism vary.
The symptoms depend on the severity of the hormone deficiency. They tend to develop slowly over a number of years.
Most people barely notice the symptoms such as fatigue or weight gain, & just attribute them to aging. My doctor told me I was in early menopause when I was 36. She also told me I was depressed & put me on anti-depressants, which only made it worse.
Over time, as your metabolism continues to slow down, you may develop more obvious symptoms. If Hypothyroidism isn’t treated, the symptoms can become more severe. I had almost all of the symptoms below.
Some of the Symptoms associated with Hypothyroid:
- Weight Gain
- Hair Loss
- Dry Skin & Hair
- Puffy Face
- Muscle Weakness
- Brain Fog
- Feeling Cold
- Joint Pain, Stiffness or Swelling of Joints
- Elevated Cholesterol
- Slowed Heart Rate
- Heavier or Irregular menstrual periods
- Digestive Issues
7 Steps to Losing Weight & Keeping it Off
1. Eliminate all Gluten/Grains
Grains cause a spike in insulin leading to diabetes, obesity, heart disease, cancer & dementia.
Giving up Grains (pasta, bread, rice, corn, wheat etc…) is probably the hardest thing to do, but one of the most important. It takes about 5-7 days to stop having cravings. This will have the biggest results! (Gluten hides in many places, be sure to read all labels)
Example: Instead of Rice have Cauliflower Rice.
Most People with Thyroid Issues have a sensitivity to gluten & don’t even know it.
2. Stop Eating/Drinking Dairy
Dairy is nature’s perfect food — if you’re a baby cow.
Dairy causes inflammation in the gut. Dairy has been linked to weight gain, prostate cancer, & heart disease. It causes digestive problems for people with lactose intolerance, acne, bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea, aggravates irritable bowel, & autistic behaviors.
Drink Coconut Milk or Almond Milk (check labels & avoid as many chemicals as possible) This is what I drink. I mix 1 can with 1-2 cans of water. (use 1 can of water if you like it thicker) There are no emulsifiers, so you have to shake/blend well before using. I use it in my AIP Coffee instead of milk or cream.
3. Stop Eating Sugar
Sugar causes Weight Gain, Heart Disease, Type II Diabetes, Fatty Liver, Leaky Gut, & Cancer. Instead of refined sugar, use natural sweeteners such as Raw Honey, Real Maple Syrup, dates, etc… (use in moderation, remember they are still high in carbs)
Limit Root Vegetables (such as potatoes) & Fruit. Remember, they convert to sugar in the body. Example: Choose Berries over melons & sweet potatoes over white potatoes.
4. Stop Eating/Drinking Soy
Soy can cause serious problems such as obesity, breast cancer, thyroid problems & increased estrogen levels. Instead of soy sauce use coconut aminos. (Make sure to read labels.)
Recipes using Coconut Amino’s:
- Paleo Korean Ground Beef
- AIP Paleo Chicken Fried Rice
- Paleo Coconut Chicken Soup
- AIP Paleo Ground Beef and Broccoli
- AIP Paleo Asian Grilled Chicken
5. Stop Eating Processed Oils
Processed Oils/Vegetable Oils are linked to reproductive problems, low birth rate, hormonal issues, obesity, mental decline, liver problems, cancer, endometriosis, PCOS and heart disease.
Make sure you are getting enough fats in your diet.
Repeat after me: FATS DO NOT MAKE YOU FAT! Good Fats, that is!
I put 1-2 Tbs of Coconut Oil in my “AIP” coffee every morning. Coconut Oil is especially good for the Thyroid.
6. Stop Eating Processed Foods
Processed foods have been linked to obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, liver issues, and diabetes.
Start Eating Whole Foods (preferably organic Fruits & Vegetables) (Fruits in moderation due to sugar content, preferably berries)
If it has a label, it probably is processed. If eating Root Vegetables, eat in moderation due to sugar content. Substitute Sweet Potatoes Fries for White Potatoes (also in moderation) or Mashed “Fauxtatoes”. Eat as many leafy greens as possible. Salads are a good way to get in lots of veggies.
Some Recipes to Try
- Grilled Zucchini Squash
- Pan-Fried Okra with Bacon
- Pan-Fried Chicken Thighs
- Chicken Fried Rice
- Mediterranean Chicken Bake
- Portobello Rosemary Garlic Hamburger Stacks
For More Recipe Ideas go to My Recipes!
7. Stop Drinking Sodas, Diet Drinks, Sugary Drinks, Alcohol
These drinks cause obesity, heart disease, diabetes, kidney problems, tooth decay, preterm labor, belly fat, high blood pressure& high cholesterol.
Start Drinking Clean Water & lots of it (tap water & most bottled water contain fluoride & chlorine) Make sure it’s filtered. This is the filter I use. I even take it on vacation with me when we drive. The water tastes so clean! I like to drink lemon water. Also, Kombucha is a great alternative to soda, plus you get gut-healthy probiotics.
I know this sounds overwhelming but is necessary to heal your thyroid. That is why I did it slowly to get used to removing things from my diet in phases. Read how I did it here!
Additional Things to Start Doing
1. Start using a Natural Salt instead of Table Salt (Switch to a natural salt such as this)
4. Start Walking or exercising at least 20-30 min. a day (if possible, outside & get some natural Vitamin D) Try to work up to 10,000 steps per day. I love my Fitbit. It helps me to track my steps, workouts, heart rate, food intake & sleep patterns. As you start to feel better, try incorporating bodyweight exercises such as squats, planks, pushups etc… or yoga!
5. Have a cup of warm lemon water on an empty stomach 1st thing in the morning. Or even better have a cup of Lemon Ginger Tumeric Tea.
Supplements that can help Balance the Thyroid Naturally
- Vitamin D3 with K2 (have levels checked) or get it naturally by getting out in the sun 20-30 min a day.
- Selenium (no more than 200 mcg. daily) necessary for T3 production – (or just eat 3 Brazil nuts daily)
- Ashwagandha– balances T4 hormone
- L-tyrosine (500 mg. 2x daily)
- Fish Oil
- Vitamin B complex (1 B complex daily)
- Probiotic &/or eat homemade sauerkraut
- Iodine (150-300 mcg daily) Make sure you are tested. Do not take if you have Hashimoto’s unless under a doctor’s care. Most people get enough in their diets.
These are some of the supplements I take with the exception of Iodine. I have Hashimoto’s & do not take Iodine. Make sure you are tested for Hashimoto’s before taking Iodine & do not take if you test positive unless under a doctor’s care, preferably a Functional Medicine/Naturopath Doctor.
I also take a natural thyroid medicine which is a natural product made from animal thyroid glands that treat both T3 & T4. I have done much better than when I was taking Synthroid which only treats T4. That’s why it’s so important to have all 5 tests done instead of just TSH.
Most people find that when they treat both T3 & T4 they feel better than just taking Synthroid that only treats T4. I had a hard time finding a doctor that would do a complete panel & prescribe something natural. I kept firing them until I found someone who would listen.
I have since gotten my antibodies into the normal range which my Naturopath Doctor said is in remission now. She tested my iodine & I was low. I am now taking iodine & keeping a check on it. If you are not sure have your doctor test your iodine levels.
Books I Recommend Reading
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Lifestyle Interventions for Finding and Treating the Root Cause by: Isabellz Wentz, PharmD
The Paleo Thyroid Solution: Stop Feeling Fat, Foggy, And Fatigued At The Hands Of Uninformed Doctors – Reclaim Your Health by: Elle Russ
Stop the Thyroid Madness: A Patient Revolution Against Decades of Inferior Treatment by: James A Bowthorpe
***Remember to always check with your doctor (preferably a Naturopath Doctor) before taking any medications or supplements. NO information in this post should be used to diagnose, treat, prevent or cure any disease or condition. | <urn:uuid:b79d0c11-39dd-4d95-a9fb-260c4ef04d87> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.thehealthnutmama.com/7-steps-to-lose-weight-when-you-are-hypothyroid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107874637.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021010156-20201021040156-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.896997 | 2,102 | 2.65625 | 3 |
“If the tourniquet isn’t high and tight, you’re wrong.”
While this isn’t wrong advice, it’s important to understand where this tourniquet procedure came from and why we’re constantly being told to place the TQ as high up on the limb as possible.
I agree that all tourniquets need to be tight enough to stop bleeding, but why’s it so important to place it high on the limb?
Most people don’t realize that this word of advice is passed down to civilians from the military, who had to learn things the hard way.
Huge advancements in medicine have been made by militaries attempting to wage more efficient war, and while useful, we must remember the big differences between combat medicine and civilian EMS.
On the face of the problem, it doesn’t look like that big an issue. Trauma is trauma and the same techniques work in all environments, right?
Combat medics love to say: “Good tactics doesn’t always mean good medicine.” A medic taking accurate PKM fire is going to do things much differently then his colleagues might in a clean and safe hospital.
While the injuries might be the same or similar, the area of operation is the important distinction.
The military operates in austere environments, far from surgeons and the operating table where lives are actually saved. On top of that, they are likely to be in a hostile environment.
Danger is a constant companion on the battlefield, and because of that, there are things that are done to save lives that aren’t as applicable in the civilian world.
Why Are We Taught “High and Tight?”
Since the combat medic is likely to be taking fire (Care Under Fire Phase), or at the very least, applying a TQ while in significant danger, they are taught not to bother looking for exactly where the wound is.
This comes from the type of warfare being waged as well. IEDs are the most effective ways enemy fighters in Afghanistan and Iraq have of fighting against the US Military. Body armor is effective at protecting the vital organs but the legs and arms are still exposed, and this is where the majority of severe injuries are taken.
Since there is a good chance for limb amputation from an IED, and because the TQ is being applied in a very dangerous situation, combat medics are taught to place the TQ “High and Tight,” to save time.
A squad in combat takes a casualty. The medic pulls him behind cover and sees there is blood soaking through his pants but doesn’t know where on the leg the bleeding is coming from.
Instead of taking the time to discover exactly where the injury is, the medic instead places a TQ as high on the limb as he can, tightens it down, then goes back to the fight.
At the next available opportunity (when things are safe enough) the medic then does a more detailed exam to make sure the bleeding is controlled, and no other wounds need caring for.
What It Means
We civilians need to be aware that many of the techniques we know for treating trauma patients come from the military and that they might not be the best for our current situation.
As a civilian, you’re much less likely to be involved in a major fire fight or be in a very dangerous situation for both you and your casualty.
This means you have a little more time to ensure you’re using the right technique to control blood loss. If the injury is covered up with clothing, how can you be certain the bleeding is bad enough to require a TQ?
Trying to treat a casualty blind isn’t impossible, but it sure makes things more difficult. Does the wound need a TQ? Or can it be treated with a simple pressure dressing or maybe even a big Band-Aid? You won’t know until you get eyes on the injury.
Look at the Wound
If you aren’t in danger, take the time to expose the wound to see what you’re dealing with. Take their shirt off, cut off their pants, or do whatever you have to so you can actually see the problem you’re trying to solve.
Once you know exactly where the wound is and how bad it is, the correct procedure is to apply a TQ 2-4 inches above it. Make sure you aren’t placing the TQ over a joint, like a knee of elbow or you won’t stop the bleeding.
Or, if you rip open the shirt and see the bleeding isn’t quite as bad as you first feared, you might be able to treat it adequately with a pressure dressing.
A side note about this:
When in doubt, apply the TQ.
If you get eyes on the wound and you aren’t sure if it needs a TQ or just a pressure dressing, place a TQ anyway to be safe.
Multiple studies show that TQs aren’t nearly as dangerous as once feared and often the best choice, when uncertain, is to apply one until a doctor can see the victim. As long as they get to the hospital within 2 hours, there won’t be complications from the tourniquet.
However, if you decide to use a pressure dressing, make sure to closely observe the wound to see if blood soaks through the bandage. If this happens, the bleeding is not controlled, and you should immediately apply a TQ 2-4 inches above the injury.
The Take Away
Placing the TQ, “High and Tight” might be good tactics, but not good medicine. Whenever we have the opportunity, we should choose good medicine. Take a moment to observe the wound if the scene is safe to do so. | <urn:uuid:a1f91d7e-52d1-4283-8c4c-3e044874f5a5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.mountainmanmedical.com/is-a-high-and-tight-tourniquet-wrong/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00247.warc.gz | en | 0.948506 | 1,232 | 2.578125 | 3 |
David Sweeney inspired his third-graders to advocate for recycling and trash pickup at their school and in their community. Students collected trash, classified it, and analyzed the results. They connected with school community members to share their learning about recycling. David moved to fourth grade with his students this year and continues to support them in caring for their school.
What inspired you and your students to develop a recycling program in your school?
We read a story about the Plastiki, a boat built from plastic drinking bottles to raise awareness of plastic in the ocean. Students were amazed and became very concerned about the dangers of trash.
After reading the story, we went outside and picked up trash in our own schoolyard. Due to the winds in our area, trash that comes to campus stays on campus. Students were picking up handfuls of plastic bottles and chip bags. They felt that change needed to happen.
Tell us about the trash collection and classification your students did. Did the results surprise them?
Before we began collecting the trash, I posed a question: “Should you pick up other people’s trash?” I asked students to share their opinions, and we had a great debate. I just facilitated the conversation, and they argued the topic on their own, which was a proud moment.
Students collected trash for four days and then began to classify it, sorting it into recyclables and non-recyclables. Then, they broke it down to glass, plastic, paper, wood, and metal. They created a graph explaining what they found. Students were amazed that the trash was 53% plastic. They realized they use bottles and other plastics so often that they don’t even notice how much waste they’re producing. Some students brought in reusable water bottles the very next day, which shows how much they want to change their world.
How did your students involve other members of their school community in this recycling project, which became your National Geographic Educator Certification capstone?
My students designed Lego people cutouts, which they carried around campus and used as conversation starters. When school community members asked about them, students shared their learning about recycling and picking up trash. They taught others to support and take care of the school. When we see students being the teachers, we know we are on the right path.
We asked our art teacher, Mrs. Lewis, if we could create “Respect Our Campus” and “Recycle” posters, and she supported us in doing that. We also connected with our school resource officer to share thoughts and ideas.
My class reached out to other students and changed their habits; we had second-graders through fifth-graders bringing us trash to count. They began collaborating with sixth-graders to create a public service announcement to share with the school. And we just confirmed that PepsiCo Recycle Rally accepted our application to be in their recycling program, which will help students continue working to improve their campus.
What impact did this project have on your students?
The impact on the students, I believe, has been life-changing. They have seen that even as third-graders, they can make a difference. My students feel responsible for their actions and the actions of others, and they are empowered to do their part in taking care of the world. They look at trash in a whole new way: they do not just ignore it on the ground. They pick it up and determine whether it can be recycled.
Many went home and shared their learning with family members, who sent in stories. Some families even started to recycle at home. This is huge for any teacher, to have students take their learning and share it with others.
When you show connections to real life, students want to take part. I never look at my students and think they can’t do something. I look at them and think, “How can I help them understand? What will it take to have those fireworks take place?”
This interview has been edited and condensed.
Do you know a great educator who teaches about our world? Nominate a colleague or yourself as the next Educator of the Week!
The Educator Spotlight series features inspiring activities and lessons that educators are implementing with their students that connect them to the world in bold and exciting ways. | <urn:uuid:53bd6589-f2dd-4d35-b843-ead834a08fd8> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/2018/10/16/educator-spotlight-empowering-a-school-community-to-recycle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588242.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027181907-20211027211907-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.984888 | 889 | 3.4375 | 3 |
1681 Quaker Prison Reform
Quakers showed deep philanthropic conviction from their earliest days in America. They gave generously of both money and time to scores of causes—building schools, aiding the sick, donating to the poor, registering early opposition to slavery. Prison reform was one of their earliest crusades.
William Penn had been imprisoned several times in the Tower of London for his religious beliefs. (He wrote his Christian classic No Cross, No Crown while locked up.) So when King Charles II handed over to Penn, as repayment for a debt the king owed Penn’s father, the land that now makes up Pennsylvania and Delaware (one of the largest individual land grants in history), Penn was determined that his new colony would take a very different approach to imprisonment.
In 1681 he spelled out that in Pennsylvania “all prisoners shall be bailable…unless for capital offences, where the proof is evident, or the presumption great.” At a time when prisoners had to pay for their food, and for small services like having their irons unlocked so they could appear in court, Penn stipulated that “all prisons shall be free as to fees, food, and lodging.” Penn limited the death penalty to the crimes of murder and treason—at a time when English law doled out capital punishment for more than 200 different crimes. He also insisted that instead of being dungeons, prisons should be workhouses, aimed at rehabilitation, with inmates taught a trade that could allow them to earn an honest living once released. In his lockups, men finished and shaped wood, and women spun yarn. Penn intended that in these new measures “an example may be set up to the nations as…a holy experiment.”
Quakers continued to put energy and money into prison reform for centuries. Dismayed by the nineteenth-century convention of locking 30 to 40 inmates together in large rooms, the Quakers pushed to have hardened criminals separated from novices, debtors from the violent, women from men, and so forth. They were instrumental in establishing separate channels to handle juvenile delinquents. (See 1825 entry on companion list of achievements building Prosperity.)
In 1829 Quakers opened a famous prison in Philadelphia that housed every resident in a strict solitary confinement meant to encourage penitence. The concept became influential worldwide. This innovation was taken to an extreme—the isolation and silence could also sometimes encourage mental illness—but the shift to small cells, more humane treatment, and rehabilitative efforts became the new norm in America and other countries. | <urn:uuid:bb324ea7-a3ee-4465-914b-730d84b2de60> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/religion/1681_quaker_prison_reform | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00461-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970358 | 519 | 4.71875 | 5 |
I am a snacker.
I typically do not leave the house without two things: a snack and my water bottle. Snacking used to have a bad reputation. The standard American diet consisted of three square meals a day, not snacks. Snacking was linked in people’s minds with overeating and weight gain. It was a bad thing to do.
Oh how things have changed. Snacking is no longer the exception, it is now the norm and it may help people to lose or maintain their weight.
I got to thinking about this because I came across an article entitled “Frequent Snacking Linked to Healthier Diet” (1). This article reports on a five-year study of over 11,000 people aged 20 and over which found that snackers consume more healthy foods such as whole grains, fruits, and milk products and less high-sodium foods. Well, it sounds like snackers do have healthier diets! As one reads on, the study also reported that snackers also consumed more sugar, solid fats, and alcohol along with fewer vegetables. Hmmm. Finally, the article reports on another study in a younger population (teenagers) that found that teen snackers also consumed more fruit and dairy products.
Another study on snacking from the November 2011 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association (2) looked at women in the 30-60 age range and grouped them by BMI. The study found that normal weight women had the highest number of snacks (2.3 snacks/day), followed by those who had lost weight and were maintaining that loss (1.9 snacks/day), followed by those who were overweight (1.5 snacks/day).
This all seems to point to the fact that snacking may actually be beneficial in terms of BMI as long as we choose healthy snacks.
But is there a downside?
Let’s say that we eat a snack that includes carbohydrate-containing foods, such as fruit, milk, or grains. For most people, it takes 1 to 2 hours for all consumed food to move through the stomach and reach the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. Absorption of glucose (blood sugar) from the carbohydrate-containing foods triggers the hormone insulin, which is needed move glucose into our cells for use.
If we graze all day or have large snacks of carbohydrate-containing foods in between meals, we are asking our bodies to continue to release insulin and our insulin levels do not have time to go back down in between meals. On the flip side, if we eat three big meals a day, we see a big spike of glucose after that big meal and we may overload insulin’s ability to be effective. Both overloading our insulin with high levels of glucose at one time and having constantly elevated insulin levels can lead to insulin resistance and potentially to type 2 diabetes. Insulin also promotes energy storage – in other words, it makes our bodies store fat.
What’s a snacker to do?
It sounds like moderation and balance are the keys. I think we have heard that somewhere before. Here are some guidelines to help you keep your snacking healthy.
1. – Respect your body and eat when you are physically hungry. If your stomach is grumbling and you have been drinking your water, then it is time to eat something.
2. – Pick your snacks wisely. Focus on healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, and lean proteins. If you decide to have a “fun food” for a snack, then pay attention to the next point!
3. – Watch your portion size. A snack should not be the same as a meal in size or calories.
As always – enjoy your food!
Original publication date: December 4, 2011 at http://newmotivationcoaching.blogspot.com.
1. Frequent Snacking Linked to Healthier Diet. Today Health Web site. Available at: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/45307103/ns/today-today_health/t/frequent-snacking-linked-healthier-diet/
2. Bachman et al. Eating Frequency is Higher in Weight Loss Maintainers and Normal-Weight Individuals than in Overweight Individuals. Available at: http://www.adajournal.org/article/S0002-8223(11)01376-9/abstract
3. Image from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images. | <urn:uuid:62887c4b-3129-47e9-a896-a68b62a185b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://alexialewisrd.com/2012/11/30/how-to-be-a-healthy-snacker/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662529658.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519172853-20220519202853-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.952297 | 939 | 2.9375 | 3 |
McGregor developed the Theory Y and Theory X. These define how managers view their employees. This was not covered in the lesson. Do your own research about McGregor’s theory and answer the following questions:
1. Contrast McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y assumptions about people.
2. What types of managers have you dealt with in your organization?
3. Assess why there is a predominance of Theory X or Theory Y managers in your organization or industry? | <urn:uuid:33b0007a-d93e-4f0e-b517-01e878dc573e> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://searchessayhelp.com/contrast-mcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335504.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220930212504-20221001002504-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.952575 | 99 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Running from March 23 – April 30, 2015, The Americas Underground explores the various ways in which caves, rockshelters, mines, and other uses of the ‘underground’ have been perceived across the Americas. The exhibit addresses the theme of continuity and change in underground practices through time with the hopes of shedding light on these 'dark and scary' places. The exhibit demonstrates how caves have provided spaces for ritual and social practices throughout history, while practices such as archaeology, mining, caving, and tourism have emerged in different areas in different times and been slowly added to the repertoire. Photography, cultural objects and artifacts collected from ancient and modern contexts by UC Merced scholars and California residents demonstrate how modern practices intersect and overlap with past practices in interesting, but sometimes conflicting ways.
The exhibit is arranged around six themes:
1. Central America: This case features recreations of both an archaeological investigation of a 1000-year-old ancient Maya cave site and a modern Maya ceremony which took place outside a cave in 2012. Both of these displays are based on research being collected by UC Merced graduate and undergraduate student in SSHA under the direction of Dr. Holley Moyes.
2. Haiti: Featuring and exciting collection of modern Vodou ritual paraphernalia including drums, Vodou dolls, and rum this case is displays a recreation of one of the many rituals that Haitians perform in the caves of northern Haiti. The materials are provided by Patrick Wilkinson, a Ph.D. student in SSHA who has been assisted by undergraduates interested in anthropology and ethnography.
3. Ancient South America: This display features items and photographs collected by Dean Mark Aldenderfer during one of his research visits to a Peruvian cave site dating between 2500-1600 B.C. Due to a combination of climate, altitude, and burial practices, the oldest mummies in the world come from South America. Sometimes found in caves and in human-made niches in cliff faces, they provide a fascinating lens into abilities of people to not only survive, but thrive thousands of years ago in often harsh environments.
4. Ancient North America: The oldest recorded human remains in North America were recently found in a cave in Oregon, dating to 14,300 B.C. From this point on, people used caves and the underground to take shelter, store items, paint vibrant scenes and geometric designs, and bury their group members. Items in this case have been provided by Dr. Kathleen Hull in SSHA who continues to work on sites in Yosemite National Park.
5. Historical California: From the 16th century onwards occupation of North America by Spanish, French, and English colonialists forced a clash of cultures which led to much destruction, displacement, industrialization, and technological innovation. In California, the construction of transcontinental railroads through the Sierra Nevada Mountain range required tunnels to be dug under dangerous working conditions to bring not only goods but passengers across the country, bypassing the need for long boat trips around South America. When precious metals, including gold, were found in California, numerous mines were established as close as Mariposa and led to the economic rise of California in the 19th century. Gems and minerals have been generously provided by the California State Gem & Mineral Mining Museum in Mariposa.
6. The Americas Today: While many of the ancient activities that once took place underground (rituals, water collection) still take place today, over the past hundred years people have begun delving into the underground for a variety of additional activities. From recreational activities such as caving, exploring, swimming, filming, and tourism, to research-oriented activities such as geological sample collection for climate studies, monitoring for damage due to environmental change, and plant and animal research, more people have been entering cave sites than ever before. With this comes an increased awareness that conservation of these sites, which still hold cultural significance for many people, is crucial to preserving these sites for the benefit of everyone.
The exhibit has been organized by Marieka Arksey, Ph.D. Student in SSHA at UC Merced. It is made possible with generous assistance and funding from the following: | <urn:uuid:464d27cb-6341-446e-8ede-15135d0953ad> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://library.ucmerced.edu/use/exhibits/gallery/625 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526446.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720045157-20190720071157-00380.warc.gz | en | 0.961755 | 846 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A drug being tested in the battle against cancer is showing promise for the treatment of spinal injuries, say researchers at Vanderbilt University.
Of 26 mice with spinal injuries, 24 recovered the ability to walk within 12 days after treatment with CM101, according to a report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. One died and one remained paralyzed. Of 14 mice with similar injuries that did not receive the drug, eight died; none of the six survivors recovered the function of paralyzed limbs.
CM101, which is being used to fight cancer, blocks the formation of new blood vessels which are needed by rapidly growing tumors. Researchers said CM101 significantly reduced the compression-induced scarring around the spinal cord following injury. The drug was given within an hour after injury and doses were repeated every other day. | <urn:uuid:6618543c-10bc-40f8-b91a-bdd9b41fb08a> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www2.aaos.org/bulletin/dec98/fline13.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812938.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220110011-20180220130011-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.976247 | 159 | 3.109375 | 3 |
From the article entitled “Artful Concealment and Strategic Visibility: Transgender Bodies and U.S. State Surveillance After 9/11” written by Toby Beauchamp:
From his article, Toby Beauchamp wrote about how surveillance and security policies affect trans populations. These policies were created from the aftermath of Al Qaeda’s attacks on September 11, 2001. Beauchamp argues that transgender and gender-noncomforming bodies are more susceptible and likely suspected of criminal intent due from the assumption of practicing deception through perceived gender presentation. These new policies help form normatively gendered bodies and behaviors, which affect the people who differ from the dominant gender norms. It is deeply rooted in the monitoring and enforcement of normatively gendered bodies, behaviors, and identities. Beauchamp is critical of gender-normatizing aspects of security surveillance. Because of these new policies, (such as the Real ID Act, no-match policy, and 2001 USA PATRIOT Act), and the Department of Home Security (DHS) Advisory, trans populations would be targeted as suspicious and subjected to new levels of vigilance. The new surveillance and security policies focuses not necessarily on transgender identity, but more on targeting perceived gender deviance and those that don’t comply to the dominant gender norms. (The DHS advisory does not specifically write the term transgender populations in their text, it doesn’t mean it is not relevant to trans populations.) (Beauchamp 49)
Who is Audre Lorde?
Audre Lorde was born on February 18, 1934, in New York City. She was known as the leading African-American writer (of poetry and essays) and also internationally known as an activist and artist, along with being the Black feminist, lesbian, poet, mother, and warrior who gave voice to the oppressed people. She plays an important role in the discussion about the struggles for the liberation among oppressed people. Lorde expresses how it is important to unify and organize a coalition across differences. These differences are from issues of race, gender, sexual orientation, class, age, and ability; along with the issue of identity. Lorde considers herself a warrior because she refuse to be victimized by breast cancer. She even wrote about her struggle over her battle with breast cancer from her nonfiction work, The Cancer Journals, 1980. She continued to be remembered today for being a great warrior poet who valiantly fought many personal and political battles with her words. Audre Lorde died on November 17, 1992 in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Works by the Author
- The Collected Poems Of Audre Lorde (1997)
- The Marvelous Arithmetics Of Distance: Poems 1987-1992 (1993)
- Undersong: Chosen Poems Old And New (1992)
- Our Dead Behind Us (1986)
- Chosen Poems: Old and New (1982)
- The Black Unicorn (1978)
- Coal (1976)
- Between Ourselves (1976)
- The New York Head Shop and Museum (1974)
- From a Land Where Other People Live (1973)
- Cables to Rage (1970)
- The First Cities (1968)
- Burst of Light (1988)
- Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (1984)
- Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (1982)
- The Cancer Journals (1980)
What is the Audre Lorde Project (ALP) about?
The Audre Lorde Project (ALP) is a community organizing center for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, two-spirit, trans and gender non-conforming (LGBTSTGNC) people of color communities. This progressive organization is located in the New York City area. Their mission is to reflect, represent and serve their various communities that are struggling across differences (race, gender, sex, class, age, and ability). The ALP work for community wellness and seek for progressive social and economic justice “through mobilization, education, and capacity-building”. (Capacity building is basically an conceptual approach that refers to strengthening the skills, competencies, and abilities of people and communities in developing societies so they can overcome the causes of their exclusion and suffering.” The goal of community capacity building is to tackle the problems that are related to the policy and methods of development while considering the potential, limits, and needs of the people of the community or communities concerned.)
The history of the ALP was first formed in 1994 by the Advocates for Gay Men of Color (a multi-racial network of gay men of color HIV policy advocates). The goal of the ALP expanded in order to address the multiple issues that face their diverse communities, (which is the LGBTSTGNC People of Color communities). The ALP is also described as a place “to serve as a home base that LGBTST peoples of African / Black/ Caribbean, Arab, Asian & Pacific Islander, Latina/o, and Native/Indigenous descent can use to organize, support, and advocate for our diverse communities.” As a whole, their community strategies can be unified because these multiple issues are intersectional to one another. Their commonality is shared through their collective histories of struggle against discrimination and other forms of oppression.
“TransJustice is a political group created by and for Trans and Gender Non-conforming people of color. TransJustice works to mobilize its communities and allies into action on the pressing political issues they face, including gaining access to jobs, housing, and education; the need for Trans-sensitive healthcare, HIV-related services, and job-training programs; resisting police, government and anti-immigrant violence.”
How does the ALP relate to Beauchamp’s article? (Such as its connection to this week’s theme: “Biopolitics, Neoliberalism, & Administrative Violence) How does it help us understand ALP? How does ALP illustrate and/or complicates the ongoing course discussion?
The Audre Lorde Project work to seek economic and social justice for LGBTSTGNC people of color organizations and communities across differences. This progressive organization is connected to Beauchamp’s article because it’s important to recognize how the state surveillance and security policies does not affect only the trans populations, but can be expanded to discuss how it also affect other various, diverse groups. It’s important to organize a coalition to unite diverse communities to work together on their multiple issues and to not polarize them, in order to not create marginalized groups. If the “us vs. them” is created to polarize communities, then it’ll place certain marginalized groups to be more highly scrutinized. Certain marginalized groups would be more vulnerable and susceptible to oppression and discrimination.
Administrative law plays an important role in the ALP and Beauchamp’s article. Administrative law is a tool that “structures and reproduces vulnerability for trans populations”, as said by Dean Spade from his book “Administrative Law and Critical Trans Politics”. (Spade 29) (As mentioned from a previous lecture, Dean Spade is one of the lead thinkers on trans politics and law.) The policing of immigrant populations is one instance to how administrative law is important as a tool. The legal measures of administrative law includes documentation, such as birth certificates, driver’s licenses, and passports. Without these legal documentation, (or lack of a single gender marking), undocumented immigrants would have a hard time getting a job. Racial profiling plays a role in the surveillance and security measures due to the Advisory’s focus on Al-Qaeda, such as Islamophobia. Other systems that relate to these measures are sexism, classism, and heterosexism. (Beauchamp 50)
As explained from Beauchamp’s article, transgender advocacy organizations has argued against these surveillance and security policies in how they affect transgender individuals. One such argument is the equal access of privacy rights, in order to protect trans employees and gender-nonconforming employees. This way, the medical information on an employee’s gender would be left as only a private and privileged information. It may benefit trans employees and gender-noncomforming employees, but it does fail to consider how other groups are affected by equal assess to privacy rights, such as “undocumented immigrants, prisoners, and individuals suspected of terrorism, who may or may not be transgender-identified or perceived as gender-nonconforming”. (Beauchamp 54) This plays into the complexity within transgender studies in relation to surveillance and security policies because it questions which bodies are recognized as legitimate and which bodies are seen as suspicious? It’s based on how gender normativity forms the expected norms of society. It also relates to how those who differ from the expected gender norms are compared to the ideals of whiteness, class privilege, and heterosexuality, which mostly makes up the dominant normativity.
Another good example from Siobhan Somerville and how not all gendered bodies easily fit into the defined dominant normativity. Somervillle mentioned how black people can be understood from historical context through medical aspect, and racial and cultural expression in connection to perceived abnormality, along with gender and sexuality. She mentions Plessy v. Ferguson legal case, which progressed racial segregation and caused a panic from the supposed sexual danger of white women from black men. The second example mentioned by Somerville is the history of Saartje Baartman during the mid-1800’s. Somerville “historicizes” Baartman in connection to the discussion of gender and sexuality from a medical context, racial and cultural aspects. These two examples illustrate how perceived gender normativity is not only related to gender, but also in connection to race, class, sexuality and nationality.
Transgender studies provide a an important contribution to the ways of how the state surveillance strategy are understood and interpreted. Normalizing gender can be analyzed from medico-legal surveillance. We can think through how state surveillance affect gendered bodies “in terms of medical and psychiatric monitoring of trans people.” (Beauchamp 47) It also relates to how legal gender is defined in relation to medicine and law. Spade argued how medicine and law work together as a way to “correct” people whose body or gender presentation doesn’t fit the expected gender normativity. (Beauchamp 48)
Whether or not a trans person or a gender-nonconforming person did go through medical intervention (such as sex reassignment surgery), it’s more important to think about the visibility strategy, the notion of “going stealth” or to claim status as a “good transgender citizen”. The visibility strategy is discussed by Sandy Stones. (Beauchamp 52) If trans people remain visible and not erase their trans status, then there is a way to overcome how transpeople may be perceived as deviant. A counter discourse, such as the analysis of intersectionality of recognition can be studied and analyzed more if trans people do remain visible, making their trans status not erased from their (sex) history. This way issues such as oppression of trans people can be analyzed from intersectional of recognition based on its connection to differences of race, gender, sex, class, age, and ability. It’s important to realize that no single form of oppression is the root cause, as explained by Richard M. Juang from his article “Transgendering the Politics of Recognition”. This is why the ALP found it especially important to recognize and unite diverse communities to overcome multiple issues, such as oppression and discrimination.
The notion of legitimacy is the assimilation to be a “good transgender citizen”, in order to escape state surveillance. (Beauchamp) This way, “going stealth” doesn’t mean erasing one’s trans status, but instead means being a “good citizen, a patriotic American — erasing any signs of similarity with the deviant, deceptive terrorist”. (Beauchamp 54) Going stealth and maintaining one’s trans status is placed very far away and differentiated from being labeled “deviant”. This is also a way to shift the importance of protecting trans people from state violence, (and from other types of violence), and to have organizations focus more on protecting the whole nation from terrorists/acts of terrorism. | <urn:uuid:639d7836-28d2-4942-807d-668f85231efa> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://wgs552spring2014.wordpress.com/category/blog-post-2-event/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813109.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220224819-20180221004819-00735.warc.gz | en | 0.947903 | 2,572 | 2.53125 | 3 |
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) is a common thermoplastic used to make lightweight, rigid products such as automotive parts, piping and laboratory equipment. It is widely used for mechanical purposes, and also has good electrical properties. ABS is strong, rigid and tough and can withstand temperatures between -13 °F and 140 °F without affecting its impact resistance. Dimensional stability under load of ABS is excellent. ABS is resistant to aqueous acids, alkalis, hydrocholoric and phosphoric acids, alcohols and natural oils. | <urn:uuid:698ae030-0701-4368-ab69-ea611c159c3e> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://theplasticfactoryct.co/products/pvc-foam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891817908.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20180226005603-20180226025603-00384.warc.gz | en | 0.936539 | 115 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.