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Social anxiety is a debilitating mental health condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by intense fear and avoidance of social situations due to the fear of being judged, embarrassed, or humiliated.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the complexity of social anxiety, exploring its symptoms, underlying causes, and providing valuable insights into effective coping strategies.
What Is A Social Anxiety Disorder Or Social Phobia?
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is a mental disorders characterized by an intense and persistent fear of social situations. Individuals with social anxiety experience excessive anxiety and self-consciousness when faced with the prospect of interacting with others or being observed by others. This fear goes beyond normal shyness or nervousness and can significantly impact their daily lives, relationships, and overall well-being.
People with social anxiety often anticipate negative judgment, criticism, or rejection from others. As a result, they may avoid social situations altogether or endure them with extreme discomfort and distress. Common situations that trigger social anxiety include public speaking, attending parties or social gatherings, initiating conversations, or even everyday activities like eating in public or using public restrooms.
What Causes Social Anxiety?
The exact causes of social anxiety disorder are not fully understood, as it is likely influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Here are some common factors that may contribute to the development of social anxiety:
Genetics and Family History
There is evidence to suggest that social anxiety can run in families, indicating a genetic predisposition. If a close family member has social anxiety or another anxiety disorder, there may be an increased likelihood of developing social anxiety.
Brain Chemistry and Structure
Neurotransmitters, which are chemicals in the brain responsible for regulating mood and anxiety, may play a role in social anxiety disorder. Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been associated with anxiety disorders. Additionally, certain areas of the brain, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which are involved in fear and anxiety responses, may be overactive or hypersensitive in individuals with social anxiety.
Traumatic experiences or negative events during childhood, such as bullying, teasing, or social rejection, can contribute to the development of social anxiety later in life. These experiences can shape negative beliefs about oneself, others, and social interactions, leading to heightened social anxiety.
Observing and modeling anxious behaviors from parents, siblings, or peers can influence the development of social anxiety. If individuals grow up in an environment where social situations are perceived as threatening or anxiety-provoking, they may learn to adopt similar anxious responses.
Social and Cultural Factors
Societal expectations, cultural norms, and social pressures can also contribute to the development of social anxiety. Living in a culture that places a high value on appearance, social status, or constant evaluation may increase the likelihood of developing social anxiety.
Certain personality traits, such as being introverted, highly self-critical, or having low self-esteem, may make individuals more susceptible to developing social anxiety. These traits can influence how individuals perceive themselves and others in social situations.
It’s important to note that while these factors may contribute to the development of social anxiety, they do not guarantee that someone will develop the disorder. Each individual’s experience is unique, and the interplay of various factors can vary from person to person. Understanding the potential causes can help in identifying risk factors and developing appropriate treatment approaches for individuals with social anxiety disorders.
Signs and Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of individuals who develop generalized social anxiety disorder is crucial for early identification and seeking appropriate help. Here are the unique indicators of social anxiety disorder, shedding light on its subtle nuances that may go unnoticed.
People with social anxiety disorder often experience heightened self-consciousness in social situations. They constantly worry about being judged, humiliated, or embarrassed. This self-consciousness can manifest as a persistent fear of saying or doing something “wrong,” leading to avoidance of social interactions.
Intense Anxiety in Social Settings
Individuals with social anxiety disorder may experience intense anxiety before, during, and after social situations. The anticipation of social events can trigger significant distress and unease. Anxiety symptoms may include rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, stomach discomfort, and difficulty breathing.
Fear of Evaluation
A hallmark of social anxiety disorder is the fear of being evaluated by others. Individuals may be excessively concerned about how they appear or are perceived by others. This fear of evaluation can lead to avoidance of situations where they may be the center of attention, such as public speaking or performing in front of others.
Avoidance of Social Situations
Avoidance behaviors are common in social anxiety disorder. Individuals may go to great lengths to avoid social interactions or situations that trigger anxiety. This can include skipping social events, declining invitations, or even withdrawing from activities they once enjoyed.
Difficulty Initiating and Maintaining Conversations
Individuals with social anxiety disorder may struggle with initiating and maintaining conversations. They may fear judgment, embarrassment, or running out of things to say. As a result, they may become quiet, struggle with small talk, or avoid socializing altogether.
Negative Self-Talk and Self-Doubt
Internal dialogue characterized by negative self-talk and self-doubt is prevalent in social anxiety disorder. Individuals may excessively criticize themselves, have low self-esteem, and perceive themselves as inadequate or inferior in social settings.
Social anxiety disorder can manifest in various physical symptoms, including blushing, sweating, trembling, dry mouth, and muscle tension. These physical manifestations can further reinforce anxious feelings and perpetuate the cycle of social anxiety.
Impact on Daily Life
Social anxiety disorder can have a significant impact on an individual’s daily life. It may affect academic or professional performance, hinder career progression, strain relationships, and contribute to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Social Anxiety Disorder Management and Treatment
Managing and treating social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying causes and helps individuals develop coping mechanisms. Let’s explore the various strategies and treatment options that can empower individuals to effectively manage social anxiety and improve their overall quality of life.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a widely recognized and effective treatment for social anxiety disorder. It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs associated with social situations. Through CBT, individuals learn to reframe their thoughts, develop more realistic perceptions of themselves and others, and acquire effective coping strategies.
Exposure therapy is a specific form of therapy designed to gradually expose individuals to feared social situations. Under the guidance of a therapist, individuals are exposed to increasingly challenging social scenarios, allowing them to confront and overcome their anxiety. This gradual exposure helps to desensitize individuals to their fears and build confidence.
In some cases, medication may be prescribed to treat social anxiety disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as sertraline or fluoxetine, are commonly used antidepressants that can reduce anxiety levels. Other medications, such as beta-blockers, may be prescribed to manage physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and trembling.
Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques
Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques can be beneficial in managing social anxiety. Mindfulness involves focusing on the present moment without judgment, which can help individuals reduce anxiety and redirect their attention away from negative thoughts. Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or meditation, can help alleviate physical and emotional symptoms of anxiety.
Social Skills Training
Social skills training aims to improve individuals’ interpersonal skills and confidence in social interactions. Through role-playing exercises and guidance from a therapist, individuals learn effective communication, assertiveness, and problem-solving skills. This training enhances their ability to navigate social situations and build meaningful relationships.
Joining support groups or therapy groups specifically designed for individuals with social anxiety disorder can provide a supportive and understanding environment. Interacting with others who share similar experiences can help reduce feelings of isolation, provide validation, and offer practical strategies for managing social anxiety.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to better management of social anxiety. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep can positively impact mood and overall well-being. Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake is also recommended, as these substances can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.
Engaging in self-care practices is crucial for individuals with social anxiety disorder. This may include setting boundaries, practicing self-compassion, engaging in hobbies and activities that bring joy, and prioritizing time for relaxation and self-reflection. Self-care activities can help reduce stress, enhance self-esteem, and promote emotional well-being.
Risk Factors for Developing Social Anxiety Disorder
Several risk factors contribute to the development of social anxiety disorder. Genetic predisposition plays a role, as individuals with a family history of anxiety disorders are more susceptible. Childhood experiences like bullying, social rejection, or traumatic events can shape negative beliefs and increase vulnerability. z
Personality traits such as introversion, low self-esteem, and self-critical tendencies are associated are more likely to develop social anxiety disorder. Societal and cultural factors, such as a culture that emphasizes appearance and constant evaluation, can also contribute. Additionally, imbalances in brain chemistry and overactive fear-processing regions in the brain may contribute to the development of social anxiety disorder.
Social anxiety disorder can significantly impact an individual’s life, hindering their ability to engage in social interactions and enjoy fulfilling relationships. However, there is hope for those struggling with social anxiety, and professional support can make a significant difference. Silver Lake Psychology is dedicated to providing comprehensive care and specialized treatment for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
With our team of experienced and compassionate psychologists, we offer a range of evidence-based therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and social skills training. These therapeutic approaches aim to address the underlying causes of social anxiety, challenge negative thought patterns, and equip individuals with effective coping strategies.
At Silver Lake Psychology, individuals receive personalized treatment plans tailored to their unique needs and goals. The therapists create a safe and supportive environment where individuals can explore their fears, develop self-confidence, and gradually face and overcome their anxiety-provoking situations. Through a collaborative therapeutic relationship, individuals are empowered to challenge their limitations, develop new perspectives, and improve their quality of life.
If you or a loved one is struggling with social anxiety disorder, reaching out to Silver Lake Psychology can be the first step towards regaining control and finding lasting relief. Let’s talk! | <urn:uuid:06374a84-c177-43cd-bb92-312b6865336f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.solidwheel.com/how-to-cope-with-social-anxiety-disorder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510368.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928063033-20230928093033-00537.warc.gz | en | 0.924473 | 2,235 | 3.875 | 4 |
The horse has been started to be domesticated since 3000 years ago and up today, human still uses the horse as an important part of farming, recreational and non-recreational purposes.
The horses used for the purposes are not obtained from wild region.
All horses that are used in the interaction with human are from domestication facilities.
The domestication starts when wild horse from wild animal world comes to the domestication center.
The experts and many horse riders try to breed domesticated horse.
They develop various horse breeds for various purposes.
For farming purposes, cold-blooded horse is the most suitable because they have strong power and endurance but easy to control.
For sport, hot-blooded horse is the best one because of their speed.
The breeds of horses are also used for recreational activity such as lazy horseback riding.
In some countries, horses also used to help police to patrol around their area.
To know more about the horse breeding, you can go to its facility in the nearest countryside.
You will be able to see the process of horse breeding with your own eyes.
If you can't afford it, you can also get many articles from the internet that gives you info about horse breeding facilities. | <urn:uuid:a1cc7284-9e08-4726-8245-1b67e96ab57b> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.hari.asia/horse-breeding.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038101485.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210417041730-20210417071730-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.960443 | 252 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Vaccines have, understandably, dominated news headlines in recent times, giving the public some insight to the practicalities of developing, distributing and administering life-saving medicines.
For ProjectBinder, a global company specialising in project management for the automation (OT), IT and network fields with operations in Denmark and Spain, finding a simple and inexpensive solution to frictions in the medicines supply process produced a business opportunity with positive human outcomes. Working with a leading producer of vaccines for critical conditions including polio, ProjectBinder created a mobile traceability device that improves the authenticity and trust of medicines in the field while producing massive cost efficiencies across the supply chain.
Supply Chain Risks
The authenticity and trustworthiness of products is largely taken for granted in the western world. Few shoppers of consumer goods or pharmaceuticals in developed markets would suspect tampering or counterfeiting in their purchases.
In the developing world, however, such issues are a real and common risk. News stories such as the Chinese melamine-laced baby milk scandal of 20081 highlighted the devastating effect that tainted goods can have when they infiltrate the supply chain.
When it comes to vital medicines, the risks are even more severe. Counterfeit vaccines account for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually across the globe and cost local governments billions of dollars2. In developing markets where the need is critical and the resources for rigorous inspection are limited, the necessity for verifiably safe medicines is massive.
Searching for a Solution
One of ProjectBinder’s customers, a leading producer of vaccines, has established a formidable reputation in the Life Sciences industry. A pioneer in medicine development, the company employs a complex global supply operations so that its vaccines can be issued to areas of critical need – in a safe and frictionless way. Producing and distributing polio vaccines to countries in the developing world could encounter a variety of logistical and administrative hurdles, opening up risks such as loss, theft or replacement with potentially hazardous alternatives.
The vaccine company wanted to improve the way it managed the distribution process, enabling its vaccines to be tracked and verified at every step from its production facilities through to the hospitals, pharmacists and vaccination clinics where it would be administered to patients. This approach is also desirable for the producer’s customers, such as hospital administrators, who often need evidence of receipt of goods in order to claim financial support from government bodies.
In 2019 the vaccine company began investigating potential solutions available in the market and found several significant problems. Firstly, most solutions it examined needed to be integrated with existing serialisation systems, requiring extensive technical work to implement the changes in its own infrastructure, as well as that of its clients. The second issue related to cost, as integrating a traceability solution end to end would involve replacing and upgrading existing systems, with costs typically in the millions of Euros. There were also administrative costs to consider, which would make sending smaller batches of medicines less feasible, potentially pricing some hospitals in poorer countries out of taking delivery of treatments.
Furthermore, the common solutions on the market posed problems from a mobility perspective. The hospitals administering the medicines would need to setup the tracing systems in a stationary location within their facility, which could prove difficult or bureaucratic in practice. As a consequence, the system could not then be taken out to the field, such as for the purpose of administering to remote communities.
The combination of these factors meant existing solutions were not practical for the company, nor for its customers.
Simple, Yet Effective
Fortunately, the company found a more suitable solution by engaging ProjectBinder. ProjectBinder has deep vertical experience in this area and was able to apply that knowledge in order to come up a unique and creative solution.
ProjectBinder designed a portable traceability solution named Black Diamond Mobile Commissioning & Aggregation Tool. Taking the form of a 20 kg suitcase-shaped box, it can be easily transported to wherever it’s required at any stage of the supply chain and simply set up without the need to connect to existing serialisation infrastructure. Featuring a scanning device, monitor, control system and label-printer, the solution allows the user to verify the medicine has come from an official source, and acknowledge receipt through a globally accessible, cloud-based data management system called TraceLink.
According to Martin Petersen, General Manager at ProjectBinder, Black Diamond filled an important gap in the serialisation market. “We were challenged to create an agile, flexible and robust method for our customer to commission and decommission product units, ranging from small bundles through to larger cases or pallets. This normally requires a substantial investment in OT infrastructure that would only be economical for large unit quantities, so we had to really think outside the box to overcome some of the evident design, cost and practical usage constraints.”
The solution uses leading-edge technologies from Rockwell Automation, for whom ProjectBinder is recognised as a system integrator partner. By using an Allen-Bradley® CompactLogix™ 5480 programmable automation controller (PAC), the serialisation component can be integrated together with the PAC logic, offering greater control over the process and increased traceability.
“We were looking for a control system that could collect data at speed and the 5480 model really delivered. With high-performance control and data throughput, the real-time controller integrates easily with the other components and provides strong reliability,” Martin added.
Any participant in the supply chain process, including in the procurement, packaging line, shipping and decommissioning phases, can scan the barcode to see what steps have been taken along the chain and quickly identify if there’s a risk of tampering in the medicine’s delivery. This is important from the perspectives of health and quality and also from a compliance standpoint, ensuring that the distribution aligns with regional and local regulations.
Moreover, the solution has been delivered at a significantly lower cost than alternative solutions. The end user was able to retain its existing IT infrastructure and operate the solution at a separate layer to integrate with its Level 4 and Level 5 systems, allowing implementation to be performed at a fraction of the cost.
Rolling Out, Rolling On
In the time since ProjectBinder implemented the solution, the end-user company has now seen significant progress. The solution has been rolled out across multiple sites and used extensively, particularly in hard-to-reach areas where mobility is a valuable feature.
Martin is proud of what’s been achieved to date, and hopes that it’s only a taste of the variety of potential applications for Black Diamond, especially as today’s consumers become more conscious of the need for verifiable product origin and safety.
“To have a solution we developed be used for the purpose of saving lives and helping healthcare workers, who are providing vital treatments to gain peace of mind in carrying out their work, is immensely satisfying. We are talking to our customer about how Black Diamond can be further scaled and hope to see new use cases for the solution emerge in other sectors too.”
The results mentioned above are specific to ProjectBinder’s use of Rockwell Automation products and services in conjunction with other products. Specific results may vary for other customers. | <urn:uuid:a95a8290-518a-4a41-93d1-497580513bed> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-be/company/news/case-studies/making-vaccine-treatments-safer-and-more-accessible.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945287.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324144746-20230324174746-00655.warc.gz | en | 0.944568 | 1,472 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The French Revolution
Part II: The Revolution
Part II: The Revolution
Thomas Allen[Editor's note: The footnotes in the original are omitted.]
At their international Congress of Wilhelmsbad in 1782, Freemasons made plans for the French Revolution. Three years later another congress met. This time it met in Paris. Like the previous congress, the Paris Congress of 1785 made plans for the French Revolution. Illuminists attending the Paris Congress included Bode, Baron de Busche, Cambaceres, Marquis de Chefdebien, Danton (Freemason), Duchanteau (Cabalistic Jew), Fouche, Lafayette (Freemason), Marat (a Freemason), Mirabeau (Freemason), Robespierre (Freemason), and Talleyrand (Freemason). Savalette de Langes was elected president.
The Frankfurt Congress of 1786 followed it. This Congress was more secretive and decreed the death of Louis XVI of France and Gustavus III of Sweden.
Following these congresses, the Rite of Perfection, which had been founded in 1754, was reorganized in 1786 and became the Order of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. Frederick the Great wrote the new constitution of this Order. He rearranged the degrees to bring the number up to 33. Frederick became Sovereign Grand Commander. Philippe, Duke of Orleans and Frederick’s lieutenant, became Grand Master of the Grand Orient. Thus, Frederick gained control of Freemasonry in France and carried on the work of Weishaupt and the Illuminati.
After the fall of the Bavarian Illuminati, some Illuminati fled to France and joined the lodge of the United Friends. Two Illuminati, Bode and Busche, meet with Mirabeau, who was also an Illuminate, and Talleyrand in 1787 in Paris. Also attending this meeting were two members of the Strict Observance, Marquis de Chefdebien d’Armisson and Count Leopold de Kollowrath-Krakowski, who was also an Illuminate. With the United Friends lodges, they brought together the revolutionists and subversives in the other lodges and the Grand Orient into one group. These Illuminists were so successful in gaining control of Freemasonry and allied systems in France that even the philosophical political program of the Illuminati replaced Cabalistic magic of the most mystical lodge.
Working in and through Freemasonry, Illuminists organized and orchestrated the French Revolution. The French Revolution was one of the great orgies of blood sacrifices to Lucifer in modern times. The purpose of the French Revolution was to satisfy Lucifer’s lust for blood and to transfer the property of the Church, nobility, and middle class to the bankers and their allied Illuminists. It also sought to destroy the political, economic, and social structure of France. In achieving these goals, the French Revolution was largely successful. By the end of the Reign of Terror, the Illuminists had achieved many of their destructive goals in France as the monarchy, the aristocracy, and Church had all been overthrown.
In England, Prime Minister William Pitt fell under the control of William Petty, Earl of Shelburne. Pitt became heavily indebted. Lord Shelburne and his closest associates paid Pitt’s debt. In turn they gained control of Pitt’s policy decisions. As the chief of the British intelligence, Lord Shelburne intrigued much of the excess of the French Revolution. His agents promoted some of the most atrocious acts of the Reign of Terror.
English money help finance the Revolution. However, the money seemed to have come from sources independent of Pitt and King George III.
The international bankers, led by the Swiss bankers, refused loans to the French government unless Louis XVI appointed Jacques Necker, a German banker, Minister of Finance. Preaching austerity, Necker destroyed the French currency through inflation. The inflation caused even greater unrest. Many suspect that he inflated the currency at the direction of certain Swiss bankers who sought to profit greatly from the demise of France.
Secular humanism, a modernization of the Cabala, also inspired the French Revolution. The Academia of the de Medicis had advanced secular humanism in Florence. From secular humanism came the denial of God. Once God was denied, regicide and mass executions were easy.
Freemasonry had degraded Christianity by placing it on the same level as Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and all the other false religions. (Perhaps more correctly, all religions were inferior to Freemasonry.) Freemasonry taught that no religion was any better than any other religion. (Thus, it negated all religions.) Religious dogmas were merely personal opinions. The Church should be reduced to executing the will of Freemasonry, which would be "the clearinghouse for ideas and beliefs and the guiding spirit of humanity." Freemasonry had become the new religion.
Furthermore, the nobility also lusted after the property of the Catholic Church. They knew that they could not have it without a civil war. Moreover, the Illuminists wanted to place the Church and its clergy under the control of the government, which they controlled. A new church and religion would be established to enlighten the people with Illuminism.
Also, responsible for the excesses of the French Revolution was the Enlightenment of Descartes. Another culprit was the Positivism of Comte: "God is only an abstraction—he does not exist; only humanity is real."
Once discontent had been fomented and an intense propaganda war waged against Church and state, all that was needed was a fuse to set off the volatile mixture. Philippe, Duke of Orleans, was the fuse. To create a crisis and popular unrest, the Duke of Orleans engineered a food shortage. Illuminists used the resulting famine of 1789 to lead the people into revolt.
From the beginning until the execution of Robespierre, the Jacobins controlled the Revolution. The Jacobins wanted to destroy the monarchy and other existing institutions as a preclude to usher in their New World Order. To achieve their goal, they used a Hegelian formula that has since become a common revolutionary tactic. They hired thugs and encouraged radicals to riot and act lawlessly (thesis). Then influential Jacobins came forth and promised "law and order" (antitheses). Next came oppression and the police state that the Jacobins used to get rid of their enemies and rivals (synthesis).
During the French Revolution, Illuminists used Masonic lodges to carry out the extremes of the Revolution. Illuminists brought about the Reign of Terror during which King Louis XVI and many priests and aristocrats were murdered. Many middle class Freemasons who knew too much were also murdered.
In 1789, France had more than 2000 Masonic lodges with more than 100,000 adepts. The presence of so many lodges in France facilitated the work of British intelligence in exasperating the Revolution.
During the Revolution, the National Assembly had 605 members. Of these, 477 were Freemasons. More than 300 members of the Constituent Assembly were Freemasons.
Freemasons (primarily Lafayette) wrote and approved in 1789 the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. This Declaration of Rights became the first chapter of the constitution adopted in 1791. It essentially renounced allegiance to Christ and declared that France no longer had any duty to God through Christ. Society was no longer to be organized under Christ the King. The Masonic controlled Constituent Assembly also emancipated the Jews.
Freemasons directed every aspect of the Revolution and profited greatly from it. Survival was difficult for those who were not Freemasons. Many of the most influential and powerful aristocratic families held high positions in Freemasonry in France. For the most part, they and their property survived the orgy of the French Revolution.
Mirabeau’s mentor was Moses Mendelssohn. Under the influence of Mendelssohn, Rothschild, and other conspirators, Mirabeau became an important leader of the French Revolution. He was a high-degree Illuminist. He became a champion of the people, whom he held in contempt and used for political advantage. Although he claimed to represent the people, he was really an agent of the Illuminists. One of his chief jobs was liaison among the Illuminati, German lodges, and the Grand Orient. As a member of the Estates General, his task, which he executed extremely well, was to prevent any reforms that would solve the problems of the nation and relieve discontent from taking place. (Most of the laws enacted during this time were designed to antagonize factory workers, tradesmen, and peasants.) He was also tasked with consolidating political power. (Within a month after convening, the Third Estate had converted itself into the National Assembly and had usurped the powers of the entire Estate General.) His downfall came when he conspired to save the life of King Louis. To silence him, the Illuminists had him poisoned.
Mirabeau and his associates delivered the government of France to the Illuminati with a coup d’etat by the Third Estate when it usurped all the power of the Estate General and converted itself into the National Assembly. This action destroyed the constitution of France. The National Assembly then had a new constitution, the Constitution of 1791, drawn up and adopted. This Constitution consolidated legislative and executive power in the National Assembly. Now the Jacobins openly held power.
Mirabeau and Mendelssohn persuade the Duke of Orleans to make poor investments until he had lost his fortune and was deep in debt. To pay his debt, he forfeited his palace, the Palais Royal, to his lenders. His lenders placed de Laclos in charge of the palace.
De Laclos was a Grand Master of the Rosicrucian Knights of Malta. He turned the Palais Royal into a high class brothel and a headquarters for printing revolutionary pamphlets.
Although the Duke of Orleans was an Illuminist (after all, he was Grand Master of the Grand Orient), he was a not a high-degree Illuminist. To the high-degree Illuminists, he was merely a tool to be used to achieve their goals. He wanted to be king. Using this desire, the Illuminists manipulated him to do their bidding. He only knew part of their plan, the part that the illuminist Mirabeau told him. He did not know that higher Illuminists had no intentions of replacing one monarch with another. Obviously, he had no idea of the extent that the Illuminists were using him. The Illuminists freely used his wealth and influence. He gave the cause all that he had. When the Illuminists no longer had any use for him, he was guillotined.
Two other leaders of the Revolution, Marat and Robespierre, conceived a plan to depopulate France. The plan called for killing as many Frenchmen as possible—at least half the population. Who died did not matter as long as vast numbers died. (Lucifer was thirsty for blood.) Victims were taken randomly; the more innocent, the better. They were all counterrevolutionists, and all counterrevolutionists must be executed. Thus, began the Reign of Terror. (The Illuminists also saw mass execution as a solution to the mass unemployment that their revolution had caused.)
With the Reign of Terror, occultism captured the French Revolution. The Revolution moved into a phase of murder and destruction just for the sake of murder and destruction. It was an "orgy of hatred, lust, and cruelty directed not only against the rich but still more against the poor and defenseless, the destruction of science, art, and beauty, the destruction of the churches, the organized campaign against all that was noble, all that was sacred, all that humanity holds dear." It was a rebirth of Satanism of the fourteenth century. The Cabalists, Gnostics, and other cults had finally succeeded in bringing down Christianity.
The Reign of Terror gave the politically powerful Insiders the opportunity to eliminate their weaker rivals. It also gave the weaker rivals an opportunity to usurp and overthrow their superiors. Not only did many poor, obscure people die during the Reign of Terror, so did many dupes, collaborators, sympathizers, and opportunists. Even some high-degree Illuminists were executed.
The Reign of Terror ended with the deaths of Marat, Robespierre, and Danton. These three had orchestrated the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was convicted of conspiracy and executed from fear that he would reveal the involvement of the Illuminists in the Revolution. Furthermore, he had also ordered the execution of Jean Baptiste Clootz (Anacharsis). Although the Reign of Terror had fallen short of its goal of killing half the French population, it had claimed thousands of lives including some important Illuminists.
Weishaupt had outlined the course of the French Revolution, and it followed his plan with amazing accuracy. He had said that princes were to be used to advance Illuminism. The Illuminists certainly used the Duke of Orleans and his lust to be king. Weishaupt called for enlisting women. The French revolutionists certainly used women—not women of intelligence or energy, but women with "disordered imaginations and perverted passions." His plan called for the destruction of the monarchy, which the French Revolution achieved. It called for the destruction of the Christian religion. Although the Revolution did not fully accomplish this goal, it did inflict great damage with the slaughter of priests and degradation of the churches with the blasphemous and immoral ceremonies performed in them. Weishaupt’s plan called for the destruction of industry and science, and manufacturing towns were ravaged, libraries burned, and scientists executed. When the Reign of Terror ended, France laid demoralized and in ruins, filled with hatred. It was bankrupt—morally, spiritually, physically, and fiscally; Lucifer and his Illuminists had won a great victory. The only real failure in Weishaupt’s plan was inciting a proletariat uprising across Europe. When the proletariat failed to revolt, the Illuminists forced the Jacobins to adopt a nationalistic attitude and launch a program of imperialistic conquest—the Napoleonic Wars.
The French Revolution ended, or more correctly, entered a new phase, when Napoleon, who was a high-degree Illuminist, assumed power. When it ended more than a million Frenchmen had given their lives. This loss was far short of the 12 to 15 million that the Illuminists had slated for death. Like all illuministic revolution, the French Revolution was not a revolution of liberation; it was a revolution of oppression. It never had popular support.
1. Denis Fahey, Grand Orient: Freemasonry Unmasked as the Secret Power behind Communism through Discovery of Lost Lectures Delivered by Monsignor George F. Dillon, D.D. at Edinburgh, in October 1884 (New and Revised Edition. Metairie, Louisiana: Sons of Liberty, 1950), p. 31. E. Cahill, Freemasonry and the Anti-Christian Movement, Second edition (Dublin, Ireland: M.H. Gill and Son, Ltd., 1930. Reprinted 1952), p. 14. Nesta H. Webster, Secret Societies and Subversive Movements (Palmdale, California: Omni Publication, 1924), p. 234.
2. Clarence Kelly, Conspiracy Against God and Man: A Study of the Beginnings and Early History of the Great Conspiracy (Belmont, Massachusetts: Western Islands, 1974), p. 151.
3. Webster, Secret Societies, pp. 236-237.
4. Eustace Mullins, The Curse of Canaan: A Demonology of History (Staunton, Virginia: Revelation Book, 1987), p. 112.
5. The Cause of World Unrest (New York, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1920), p 9. Lady Queenborough (Edith Starr Miller), Occult Theocracy (Two Volumes. Hawthorne, California: The Christian Book Club of America, 1933), p. 380.
6. Anton Chaitkin, Treason in America From Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman (New York, New York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1984), p. 20. Mullins, p. 113.
7. Bernard Fay, Revolution and Freemasonry 1680-1800 (Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, and Company, 1935), p. 297.
8. Mullins, p. 114. Queenborough, p. 337.
9. Queenborough, p.380.
10. Fahey, p. xiv.
11. Kelly, pp. 155-157, 168-169. Mullins, p. 112. Nesta H. Webster, World Revolution: The Plot Against Civilization (Editor Anthony Gittens. Seventh edition. Palmdale, California: Omni Publications, 1994), p. 45.
12. Webster, Secret Societies, p. 246.
13. Webster, World Revolution, p.46.
14. Kelly, p. 164.
[Editor's note: The list of references in the original is omitted.]
Copyright © 2009 by Thomas Coley Allen.
More articles on history. | <urn:uuid:f3a03634-d2a0-4e1e-819e-804ea95ad648> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://tcallenco.blogspot.com/2009/10/french-revolution-part-ii.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646189.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319003616-20180319023616-00632.warc.gz | en | 0.960803 | 3,593 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The Volvo Group is taking part in EU research project which involves replacing the cables in trucks with wireless sensors. This would result in reduction in the amount of copper and plastic used. The project will come to an end in 2017.
The cables, in trucks, are made of plastic and copper and are used, for example, to supply electricity and data to supply power and data to various sensors which ensure that components of the truck function properly, including the gearbox, the lights, the switches and the air conditioning system, informed the automaker.
“The savings could amount to a large number of hours, sometimes even days. In the factory, the cables are awkward to handle and time-consuming to fit in the right place. The wireless sensors are much simpler to install. The cables are also sensitive to dirt and rust and prone to faults. By replacing the cables with wireless sensors, it is possible to prevent all the potential cabling faults. When trucks come into the workshop for repairs, identifying faults in long cables that are difficult to access is very time-consuming,” says Jonas Hagerskans, a development engineer at the Volvo Group.
The new system may also bring benefits for both the development and assembly of trucks in factories. Design engineers and assembly line operators will not need to take into account where all the cables run. Instead, they can put the wireless sensors in new locations that would not have been possible otherwise. | <urn:uuid:5b6e56e0-0efd-4810-8a73-c2685c20b71e> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.cvnews.in/volvo-to-replace-wiring-harness-with-sensors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038887646.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419142428-20210419172428-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.955398 | 290 | 2.765625 | 3 |
After the disastrous incident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, various agricultural, livestock and fishery products have been inspected for radioactive contamination with cesium in Japan. In this study, radioactive cesium was measured in various edible parts of cattle to verify the current inspection method for cattle, in which the neck tissues are generally used as samples. Radioactive cesium concentration in the short plate, diaphragm, liver, lung, omasum, abomasum and small intestine were lower and sirloin, tenderloin, top round meat and tongue were higher than that in the neck. There was no significant difference between the other organs (heart, kidney, lumen and reticulum) and the neck. Ninety-five percent upper tolerance limits of the relative concentration to the neck were 1.88 for sirloin, 1.74 for tenderloin, 1.87 for top round and 1.45 for tongue.
Read here for complete abstract and reference. | <urn:uuid:38a922eb-4aa9-4a90-b62d-e09528854584> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/atomicage/2013/05/15/distribution-of-radioactive-cesium-in-edible-parts-of-cattle-via-us-national-library-of-medicine-animal-science-japan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174276.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00179-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941467 | 203 | 2.875 | 3 |
Traditional processors are typically based on silicon, however, researchers have developed experimental processors based on alternative materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and alloys made of elements from groups three and five of the periodic table. Further, transistors made out of a single sheet of silicon atoms one atom tall and other 2D materials have been researched for use in processors.
The progress of processors has followed Moore's law closely, the theory that the number of transistors in processors will double every two years.
Photonic processors are based on using light to make computations instead of semiconducting electronics. Processing is done by photodetectors sensing light produced by lasers inside the processor.
^Sun, Chen; Wade, Mark T.; Lee, Yunsup; Orcutt, Jason S.; Alloatti, Luca; Georgas, Michael S.; Waterman, Andrew S.; Shainline, Jeffrey M.; Avizienis, Rimas R.; Lin, Sen; Moss, Benjamin R. (December 2015). "Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light". Nature. 528 (7583): 534–538. doi:10.1038/nature16454. ISSN 0028-0836. | <urn:uuid:ec8a7fb2-53af-404e-86bc-6b473675e587> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.knowpia.com/knowpedia/Processor_(computing) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363312.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206194128-20211206224128-00439.warc.gz | en | 0.860908 | 274 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Composite Adhesive Tests
As a rule, bonding is used as a joining method for components made of fibre-reinforced plastics and composites. These join the individual components of the parts together and must withstand the same loads as the individual structural elements made of FRP themselves. The adhesives are often based on thixotropic duromer materials (epoxy resin or vinyl ester resin systems), but permanently elastic bonds (synthetic rubbers) are also used. Other base materials are polyurethanes or cyanates, silicones and acrylates. In addition to the purely mechanical load of the adhesive systems, external influences such as UV radiation, exposed media and temperatures play a decisive role in the selection.
Decisive for proper bonding is the physical, chemical and mechanical bond (cohesion and adhesion). This can only be achieved if the individual steps of the bonding process are followed according to the general procedural instructions and in accordance with the adhesive manufacturer’s specifications. The types of stress on bonded joints can be divided into tensile stress, split stress, tensile shear stress and peel stress. Further information can be found in DIN 53281-1…3, DIN 53283, DIN 54451 and VDI 2229, among others. | <urn:uuid:a931c8ad-7513-4bbb-94fc-06f1fccd7f60> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://grassezur.de/en/material-testing/adhesive-test | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473360.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221002544-20240221032544-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.913869 | 264 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Most of us start to tire after about half a day without any sleep. Staying awake for five in a row would be extremely difficult and even if you could manage it, you’d be a physical and mental wreck by the end. But not all animals suffer from the same problem. A dolphin can stay awake and alert for at least 5 days straight, chaining together all-nighters without any noticeable health problems or loss of mental agility.
The two halves of a dolphin’s brain can sleep in shifts, “shutting down” one at a time so that the animal is always half-awake. They can truly sleep with one eye open, an essential skill for an animal that has to be constantly watching for predators and timing its breaths.
Previously, Sam Ridgway from the US Navy Marine Mammal Program found that bottlenose dolphins could respond to a distinct noise for 5 straight days without any dip in accuracy. He trained a female called Say to recognise occasional 1.5-second beeps amidst a background of shorter 0.5-second ones. When she heard the longer tone, she pressed a lever for food. Say was slower to respond at night, but overall, her reaction times didn’t slow over the five day run.
It was an impressive performance, but one that didn’t require much in the way of thought. This time, Ridgway wanted to see if the dolphin’s mental skills would take a hit after five days of continual vigilance. To do that, he trained Say, and another male called Nay, to make different noises for two different visuals – a whistle for a single, vertical, green bar of light, or a burst of sonar pulses for three, horizontal, red bars. Incidentally, dolphins are colour-blind; the colours were for the scientists’ benefit. | <urn:uuid:59972b92-a8a8-4f39-bddf-712981ea6573> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/tag/vigilance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174159.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00163-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951939 | 381 | 3.25 | 3 |
With the constant attention being paid to the dangers of supposed cell phone radiation, the data supporting the dangers of e-waste is far more convincing. An academic journal recently published a study which shows that the improper handing of e-waste can contribute to cancer, DNA damage and cardiovascular disease to those who dismantle these items without proper procedures, as well as those around them.
Environmental Research Letters published the study, which took samples of the air surrounding an improperly run e-waste recycler. Two sites were set up for sampling, downwind of the recycling site. The results indicated that the exposure causes the inflammation of respiratory tissue, as well as oxidative stress.
These can lead to cancer or DNA damage, and are also related to many cardiovascular diseases. Researchers are scheduling another study in the near future. | <urn:uuid:5f1b9e2d-f50d-4269-89c7-4c5481550f05> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://southeasterndata.com/recycling-blog/electronics-recycling/356-study-details-the-health-risks-of-e-waste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247489282.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219000551-20190219022551-00312.warc.gz | en | 0.971433 | 163 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Few moments evoke a sense of summer like catching a whiff of freshly cut grass. For many people, it's a pleasant sign that warmer temperatures are here to stay. For the grass, however, this scent signals an entirely different story.
The smell we associate with freshly cut grass is actually a chemical distress call, one used by plants to beg nearby critters to save them from attack (usually it's an affront by insects, but in this case, it's lawnmower blades). After all, when danger strikes -- whether it's landscaping equipment or a hungry caterpillar -- plants can't lift their roots and run. They must fight where they stand.
To protect themselves, plants employ a volley of molecular responses. These chemical communications can be used to poison an enemy, alert surrounding plants to potential dangers or attract helpful insects to perform needed services [source: Krulwich]. Sometimes, a plant's molecular defense plays double-duty. For example, plants that produce caffeine use the chemical as self-defense, but it also gives bees a caffeine buzz. The caffeinated bees treat the plant like it's the corner coffee shop, returning again and again and leaving their pollination services as payment.
Clearly, plants can communicate. But does that mean they can feel pain? It's a troubling scenario for salad lovers squeamish at the thought of eating foods with feelings, and for them the answer may not be that appetizing.
According to researchers at the Institute for Applied Physics at the University of Bonn in Germany, plants release gases that are the equivalent of crying out in pain. Using a laser-powered microphone, researchers have picked up sound waves produced by plants releasing gases when cut or injured. Although not audible to the human ear, the secret voices of plants have revealed that cucumbers scream when they are sick, and flowers whine when their leaves are cut [source: Deutsche Welle].
There's also evidence that plants can hear themselves being eaten. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia found that plants understand and respond to chewing sounds made by caterpillars that are dining on them. As soon as the plants hear the noises, they respond with several defense mechanisms [source: Feinberg].
For some researchers, evidence of these complex communication systems -- emitting noises via gas when in distress -- signals that plants feel pain. Others argue that there cannot be pain without a brain to register the feeling. Still more scientists surmise that plants can exhibit intelligent behavior without possessing a brain or conscious awareness [source: Pollan].
As they grow, plants can alter their trajectories to avoid obstacles or reach for support with their tendrils. This activity stems from a complex biological network distributed through the plants' roots, leaves and stems. This network helps plants propagate, grow and survive. Trees in a forest, for instance, can warn their relatives of insect attacks.
One scientist injected fir trees with radioactive carbon isotopes and saw that within a few days the carbon had been sent from tree to tree until every tree in the 30-meter-square area was connected. The scientist learned that the mature trees "communicated" to the network to share nutrients through their root systems to feed nearby seedlings until they were tall enough to take in light for themselves [source: Pollan].
- Deutsche Welle. "When Plants Say 'Ouch.'" May 2, 2002. (Aug. 1, 2014) http://www.dw.de/when-plants-say-ouch/a-510552-1
- Feinberg, Ashley. "Nice Try, Vegans: Plants Can Actually Hear Themselves Being Eaten." Gizmodo. July 3, 2014. (Sept. 8, 2014) http://gizmodo.com/nice-try-vegans-plants-can-actually-hear-themselves-b-1599749162
- Krulwich, Robert. "Plants Talk. Plants Listen. Here's How." NPR. April 29, 2014. (Aug. 1, 2014) http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2014/04/29/307981803/plants-talk-plants-listen-here-s-how
- Pollan, Michael. "The Intelligent Plant." The New Yorker. Dec. 23, 2013. (Aug. 1, 2014) http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/12/23/the-intelligent-plant | <urn:uuid:5116b792-ff5a-46dd-9aab-94c1a69c5dcf> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/plants-feel-pain.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314696.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190819073232-20190819095232-00298.warc.gz | en | 0.934061 | 923 | 3.4375 | 3 |
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — A new study suggests that dark streaks on Mars represent flowing sand — not water.
Monday's news throws cold water on 2015 research that indicated that lines on some Martian slopes were signs of water currently on the planet. Instead, Arizona scientists report in Nature Geoscience that these lines appear more like dry, steep flows of sand, rather than water trickling downhill, at or near the surface.
If water is present, they said, it's likely a small amount — and not conducive to life.
NASA, though, said the jury is still out.
The lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, Michael Meyer, points out that the latest study does not rule out the presence of water. But he acknowledges, "It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs."
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter provided the images of these so-called recurring slope lineae, or RSL. Thousands have been spotted on Mars, from the equator midway to each pole.
The team led by the U.S. Geological Survey's Colin Dundas in Flagstaff, Arizona, measured 151 of these dark lines at 10 sites. Most of them end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees, a match for active sand dunes on both Mars and Earth, according to the researchers. A thin layer of dust on top that shifts and sometimes brightens the surface might help explain why these streaks seem to occur in the Martian summertime and then disappear, only to reappear the next year.
If these lines are dry, "this suggests that recent Mars has not had considerable volumes of liquid water," the researchers write.
That's key because water in liquid form would be essential to microbial life.
Dundas and his colleagues stress that many questions remain, demanding further study.
To Meyer, this is what makes Mars so fun. Scientists have long gone back and forth thinking of Mars as being dry or wet depending on the most recent data.
"I still think that Mars poses a great potential for having had life early on in its history," Meyer said. "As long as that's true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden."
NASA currently has no rover — either at Mars or in development — capable of climbing such steep slopes. That has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or drones.
"But going from a clever idea that works in your sandbox to something that goes to Mars takes a fair amount of engineering development," Meyer said. | <urn:uuid:661fc260-225c-4b06-863d-2e9aae2e6972> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.manufacturing.net/home/news/13119904/mars-theory-gets-dusted-streaks-may-be-sand-not-water | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738603.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810012015-20200810042015-00022.warc.gz | en | 0.959996 | 536 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Part of the Theology of Arithmetic website.
This lecture was presented 18 November 2006 at the annual conference of the American Academiy of Religion.
For the last several years I have been researching ancient number symbolism, particularly in early Christianity. I am here today to present a small subset of that research, on Greek numerology—numerology here meaning specifically divination, not number symbolism. My talk has two parts. I will first present the different types of Greek numerology and summarize the contents of major texts that are not well known. Several of these texts have never, to my knowledge, been properly edited, translated, or analyzed, so my communication will be, I hope, a special chance for you to preview and comment on new research in ancient and Byzantine divination. In the second half I will offer some thoughts on what Greek numerology has to tell us about ancient divination in general.
I classify Greek numerology in five types: lot divination, lucky numbers, psephic techniques, geomantic techniques, and miscellaneous. The first two types are well known, so I merely summarize them, without going into details about specific texts.
1. Lot divination, or cleromancy, was one of the most widely practiced forms of prognostication in the ancient world. In those forms of lot divination using numbers, practitioners would have the inquirer throw dice or astragali, or pick a number at random from one to ten. The resultant numbers would be checked against a list of values or responses, either immediately or after further operations. This form of divination is so widespread and widely known that we can easily forget that it is, properly speaking, a form of numerology. The technology is simple and ubiquitous: you need only the ability to count, coupled with a device, such as dice, a fertile imagination, or something else that can generate an unpredictable number. Because such requirements are so simple it is probably, along with the next type, the oldest form of numerology.
2. Lucky or auspicious numbers were used presumably as early as lot divination, or at least as early as humans learned to count and keep time. Certain months, days, or hours were noted for being lucky or unlucky. This practice developed, it seems, in two different but not exclusive ways. First, people began to observe occurrences in various cycles then note which times were auspicious or not. Second, number symbolism and lore about lucky numbers, developed without regard to time, influenced such lists. Many of these lists relate to medical concerns. Will the patient recover? If so, when? When is a good day to bleed a patient? Other lists apply to business transactions. Some texts claim to list “lit and unlit days.” Others go by the name selenodromion, a text sometimes ascribed to David and Solomon. A similar kind of list, ascribed to Esdras, ascribes to the days of the month various Biblical characters, to elucidate the quality of the day. There are variations ascribed to medieval authors, such as the patriarch Nikephoros or the astrologer Melampous. The manuscript tradition is a sprawling morass. I have so far identified around 120 of these lists, and the number grows. The few of these that have been published contradict one another in identifying what day or hour is auspicious or not. We are not likely to have a clear view of this type of numerology for decades, until the manuscript tradition becomes more accessible.
3. Psephic techniques (probably more familiar to you by the term gematria) were developed around the second century CE—about a century after psephy became a popular literary pastime—primarily in the Greek-speaking world, where letters were used for numerals. Because of the widespread use of alphabetic numerals, every word was potentially a number, and sometimes numerals could be words or acronyms. In psephic prognostication, names and terms were converted to numbers by adding the numerical value of their letters, and these sums were then analyzed to predict the future. The earliest attestations to psephic numerology come from three third-century sources: the Christian apologist Hippolytus, who attributes a rather complex system seemingly to a second-century figure; Artemidorus, who uses an idiosyncratic system that did not widely influence the numerological tradition; and the magical Greek papyri from Leyden. Psephic divination was very popular in the Byzantine era. I have identified four major texts and numerous minor ones.
First is called Pythagoras to Telauges, or The Little Pythagorean Plinth. This is what you might call combative psephy. Two names are taken, and a question is posed as to who will win in a fight or whether or not a marriage will be successful. Each name’s letters are added up then divided by nine until reduced to a remainder from one to nine (that is, an operation mod 9). One then consults a simple nine-by-nine table that shows who beats whom. Normally, if one number is odd and the other even, the larger number wins. If both are odd, or both are even, the smaller number wins. In case of a tie based on odd numbers, the challenger wins. For even-numbered ties, the challenger loses. Numerous variations of this technique and its application were developed. (For a description of the technique and its variations see Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies 4.14.) I have identified about sixty instances of this text in various manuscripts. Although there are several scholarly studies of this technique, they tend to restrict themselves to derivative traditions (such as Latin versions) or they treat merely one or two manuscripts.
The second text is what I call Petosiris to Nechepso, based on the pseudepigraphal letter that frequently prefaces the technique. It is also known as the Circle or Sphere of Petosiris or Democritus, from the circular diagram that often accompanies the text. Unlike the previous text, Petosiris to Nechepso uses only one name, usually that of a sick person. The day of the month on which the patient fell ill is determined. The letters in the spelled-out number of the day are added up, then combined with the psephic value of the patient’s name. That sum is reduced mod twenty-nine or thirty. The result is found on the Sphere of Petosiris, where all the numbers from one to twenty-nine or thirty are dispersed within a circle, divided into upper and lower halves, each half sometimes subdivided. The location of the number on the sphere provides the prognosis for the patient’s recovery. Note, this technique builds upon the previous type of numerology—lucky or auspicious numbers—to determine whether the outcome will be good or not. I have identified around ninety instances of this technique in various manuscripts. The most complete study of this technique is a 1988 article by Neugebauer and Saliba, who solved many important problems but left many more outstanding. Further, they handled only a dozen or so manuscripts, and they conflated this technique with the previous one, Pythagoras to Telauges.
The third text is what I call the Technique of Hermes, because many manuscripts attribute the technique to Hermes Trismegistos. This technique is very similar to Petosiris to Nechepso, but it employs conventions of the Egyptian calendar, and the resultant chart is based on predictable arithmetical patterns, not on the apparently random assignments of the numbers in the Sphere of Petosiris. This text might be a variation on Petosiris to Nechepso, but there is no prefatory letter and the manuscript tradition is extensive enough to warrant separate treatment: to date I have identified around twenty instances of this technique in various manuscripts.
The fourth major text is Approved Psephos Concerning the Sick, another psephic technique used mainly for medical prognosis. The text allows one to learn the chances of the recovery of a patient. You calculate the psephic value of the patient’s name and reduce mod three. This number, coupled with the day of the week when the illness began, is identified on a table that indicates whether or not the patient will die. If the patient gets the bad news that he or she is about to die, the same technique will tell them what day of the week he or she can expect that to happen. I have identified about a dozen instances of this text in various manuscripts.
Those are the four major psephic texts. To them should be added a host of variations and individual techniques. For instance, Artemidoros’s Dream Book reports unusual numerological techniques that depend on psephy, but the rules he uses are not found in the larger tradition. There are numerous other variations, attested usually in merely one or two manuscripts.
4. Geomancy, our fourth type, became popular first in the Muslim world, although its specific ethnolinguistic provenance and date of invention is impossible to determine. Whether or not the technique originated with the Arabs, Arabic forms became the exemplar for Greek and Latin forms. In geomancy the person asking about the outcome of an affair writes eight lines of dots, casts pebbles, or does something to generate eight groups of various sizes. The eight groups of dots or pebbles are grouped into four pairs. Each pair is reduced to one dot or two, depending on whether it comprises an odd or even number of dots or pebbles. Thus, everything is reduced to a figure consisting of four lines, each line containing one or two dots. This figure is then manipulated to produce a total of sixteen similar figures, and the whole tableau is analyzed to determine the answer to whatever question is being posed.
As I mentioned, the Byzantines embraced geomancy, but they also developed their own special version, which combines it with psephic techniques and cleromancy. The text in question is called either the Method of Chaleth (said in one manuscript to be one of the 70 translators of the LXX) or the Method of Leo the Wise, referring to the ninth century emperor and litterateur. In this method the inquirer is to pray to the Trinity and the Theotokos, then take the Gospels or the Psalter and pick a line at random. The first four letters of the line are taken, and determined to be odd or even (based on their numerical value mod 9). The result then becomes the first figure for the geomantic calculation. I have identified more than twenty instances of this technique in various manuscripts.
5. Many miscellaneous techniques cannot be placed easily into the above four categories. Some are ancillaries to other methods of divination. For instance, there is an anonymous, untitled text that I call Zodiacal Isopsephy, attested in the manuscript tradition at least six times. This technique, a preliminary step to starting an astrological calculation, is intended to find out the zodiacal house or birth planet for the person inquiring. Presumably this would be very helpful for people whose birthday was unknown. One takes the value of the name of the person, adds the value of the name of his or her mother or spouse, then reduces mod 7 or mod 12 to find the appropriate house or planet. After surveying the manuscript tradition, I believe there are probably dozens of these kinds of minor techniques, and we will not know the full extent of the tradition until all Greek manuscripts have been properly catalogued, an event we shall not see in our lifetime.
Given all the above, a basic historical outline of numerology would be the following: cleromancy and lucky or unlucky numbers developed very early, well before any literary attestation. In the second century CE there developed a new type of numerology: psephic divination. With Islam came geomancy, which the Byzantines adopted and developed into unique forms. Each new technique was added to the others. Thus, by the middle Byzantine period Greeks had a wide variety of numerological techniques.
In some texts there is a strong emphasis on the random or unpredictable, a factor especially evident in lot divination. Some scholars have emphasized the randomizing factor in divination. But numerology need not have been randomized, by any means. Psephic techniques, which depend for their outcome on a given name, are rooted in the predicable, not the random. In areas where psephic numerology were well known and learned possibly from childhood, people would be well aware of the numeric value of their name. If Ἰωάννης (1119) wants to fight Πέτρος (755), there is no random element in the calculation that tells you that John is in for a licking, because 8 beats 3 (even when you include the variations described by Hippolytus). There is a determinism at work here, a determinism evident also in astrology, whose principle randomizing factor is the navigation of the labyrinth of rules.
The comparison with astrology highlights another special function of psephic numerology, that of accessibility. No doubt anyone who wrote about divinatory techniques wanted to make them available and accessible to a certain group of people. So it could be argued that any written divinatory text is democratic; that is, it attempts to teach and propagate a given technique. But a technique like astrology remained opaque, no matter how many treatises were written about it. Astrological texts were meant to be understood in conversation or apprenticeship with an adept, to help explain the rules. Psephic numerology, however, is far more accessible, a do-it-yourself affair. Many of the texts I’ve described not only use simple rules and explain their techniques in full, but they sometimes provide tables showing the psephic values of common personal names or of the names of the zodiac and planets. That is, some of these numerological texts try to help the reader who cannot add well. No doubt, with some of these techniques you still needed an expert to help interpret your results, but with others the results are crystal clear. If your number winds up at the bottom of Petosiris’s sphere, you’d better shop for a coffin.
It is commonly believed that all prognostic texts were systematically eliminated by ecclesiastical authorities. I do not wish to minimize Christian opposition to many of these texts, but it remains to be explained how they could appear in so many manuscripts, including codices that contain theological treatises. From a sample of 123 Byzantine manuscripts that have at least one of these numerological techniques, twenty-five of them comprise, chiefly or completely, religious texts: writings of the Fathers, liturgical material, hagiography, even a Gospel book. So what kinds of people used these texts, and for what purpose? Evidence gleaned from Latin and Old English translations suggest that in the West these numerological texts were used commonly in monastic contexts. Can this be claimed of the Greek East, too? At this early stage, such a conclusion is hasty. Many Greek manuscripts indicate clearly that these numerological texts were used in other contexts. In Paris gr. 2009, Pythagoras to Telauges and Petosiris to Nechepso come just before the political text De administrando imperio. Many manuscripts contain chiefly astrological texts, which would scarcely appear in monastic settings. But nearly as many manuscripts contain medical texts, which cannot be assigned a priori to any one setting, religious or not. What do the contents of the various codices tell us about how these texts were handled and received? Were some but not other techniques acceptable? Was a given technique used seriously by some readers, but by others treated as an amusing pastime? There are many unexplored areas that need to be studied to understand better the relationships among numerological texts, the Church, and Byzantine society in general. This initial survey of new territory to explore will hopefully stimulate that study.
Bouché-Leclercq, Auguste. Histoire de la divination dans l’antiquité. 4 vols. 1879–82. Repr. Aalen: Scientia, 1978.
Catalogus codicum astrologorum graecorum. Brussels: H. Lamertin, 1898–1924.
Delatte, Armand. Anecdota Atheniensia. 2 vols. Paris: Champion, 1927.
Delatte, Armand, and E. Delatte. “Un traité byzantin de géomancie (codex Parisinus 2419).” Annuaire de l’Institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales et slaves 4 (1936): 575–658.
Kalvesmaki, Joel. “Formation of the Early Christian Theology of Arithmetic: Number Symbolism in the Late Second and Early Third Century.” PhD diss., The Catholic University of America, 2006. See excursus D.
Neugebauer, Otto, and G. Saliba. “On Greek Numerology.” Centaurus 31 (1988): 189–206.
Tannery, Paul. “Notice sur des fragments d’onomatomancie arithmétique.” Notices et Extraits des manuscrits de la Biblothèque nationale 31.2 (1886): 231–60. Reprinted in Mémoires scientifiques. 9:12–50.
Tannery, Paul. “Le Rabolion—Traités de géomancie arabes, grecs et latins,” in Mémoires scientifiques. 4:295–411.
Thorndike, Lynn. A History of Magic and Experimental Science. 2nd corr. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1929. See esp. 1:682–84, 692–94.
Torijano, Pablo A. “Un lunario Judeo-Griego: El Selenodromio de David y Salomón.” ’Illu: revista de ciencias de las religiones 7 (2002): 175–83. | <urn:uuid:1cc0d5d0-b923-41d5-ac26-a482612eba58> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.kalvesmaki.com/Arithmetic/GreekNumerology.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469258918071.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723072838-00313-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930617 | 3,817 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Rarely is diabetes listed as the cause of death; however, it is linked to so many different degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, strokes, and even premature aging. Type II diabetes is a new epidemic among children. In the past, it was termed Adult onset diabetes to distinguish it from type I which occurred in children. Today, this term can not be used because of the growing numbers in children.
The epidemic is said to be driven by poor diet and the lack of exercise in kids. I believe that diet does play a role, and the lack of exercise to a lesser degree, however the hidden culprit is only now getting press. New research is linking toxins to the growing number of childhood cases of Type II Diabetes.
Type I Diabetes, which is an auto-immune condition where the body is attacking the beta cells in the pancreas, has been linked to genetics and toxins already. The toxic link to Type II is still not making its way into treatments even in the alternative world. This is unfortunate, because if you don’t eliminate the cause, you will never find a cure.
Until you understand the flaws of the drug-based system you are locked into, you will never be able to understand why you continue to suffer with diabetes, take one drug after another (perhaps including insulin injections), continue to gain weight, continue to lose energy and quality of life, and live with the fear of complications. Common complications are loss of eyesight, heart damage, irreversible kidney damage, impotence, festering ulcers that will not heal, and eventual loss of limbs.
In truth, the “complications of diabetes” are largely created by systemic drug treatments themselves (plus the inferior if not dangerous dietary advice given to patients). There is no other disease process, in my opinion, which illustrates our nation’s healthcare woes more than diabetes.
If you have diabetes and continue to suffer with ill health related to it, if you are sick of being prescribed yet another drug, if you are seeing your life basically boil down to a daily struggle just to get through, then you are likely reading this at exactly the right time.
Many diabetics just like you, across the U.S., have said enough. They have decided to reverse their condition. They no longer accept the sacred medicine mantra that the best that can be done for a diabetic is to choke down one drug after another in hopes of only slowing down the inevitable progression of the disease.
Discover how you too may be able to reverse your diabetes and put your health on a very new trajectory.
Reserve your seat at my FREE Seminar where I reveal my clinical model for successfully reversing diabetes.
To Reserve YOUR seat, Call (408) 294-2322 or (925) 964-6492
Seating is Limited, reserve your seat today for our next event
Copyright © 2018 | HAWCC | Dr. Bradley Kobsar | designed by HMPMD | <urn:uuid:527e7bc3-da52-46ec-b282-116ede4a5ebf> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://hawcc.org/diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158279.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922084059-20180922104459-00497.warc.gz | en | 0.957678 | 607 | 2.625 | 3 |
Lance-shaped purplish-green leaves. The flowerhead is composed of cylindrical cymes of red-suffused green leaves. Produces seed used traditionally in Mexico as a confection with honey and popped seeds. Amaranth is a traditional seed crop grown by the Aztecs and Southwest peoples as a grain. The grain is high in Lysine and the young leaves are high in Iron and Calcium. Can be planted after the frost date, requires full sun. Plant 1/4-inch deep, thin the edible seedlings to 10 to 15 inches apart. Will cross pollinate with other varieties, so if you want to save seed, put paper bags over the flowerheads. Seeds can be cooked as a hot cereal, or ground and used as flour.
Google Plant Images: click here!
Size:Height: 4 ft. to 7 ft.
Width: 0 ft. to 0 ft.
Plant Category:annuals and biennials, edibles,
Plant Characteristics:low maintenance, seed start,
Bloomtime Range: Mid Summer to Early Fall
USDA Hardiness Zone:9 to 10
AHS Heat Zone:Not defined for this plant
Light Range:Sun to Full Sun
pH Range:5.5 to 7
Soil Range:Some Sand to Clay Loam
Water Range:Dry to Moist
FertilizingHow-to : Fertilization for Annuals and Perennials
Annuals and perennials may be fertilized using: 1.water-soluble, quick release fertilizers; 2. temperature controlled slow-release fertilizers; or 3. organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion. Water soluble fertilizers are generally used every two weeks during the growing season or per label instructions. Controlled, slow-release fertilizers are worked into the soil ususally only once during the growing season or per label directions. For organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion, follow label directions as they may vary per product.
LightConditions : Light Conditions
Unless a site is completely exposed, light conditions will change during the day and even during the year. The northern and eastern sides of a house receive the least amount of light, with the northern exposure being the shadiest. The western and southern sides of a house receive the most light and are considered the hottest exposures due to intense afternoon sun.
You will notice that sun and shade patterns change during the day. The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent property. If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older home, take time to map sun and shade throughout the day. You will get a more accurate feel for your site's true light conditions.
Conditions : Full to Partial Sun
Full sunlight is needed for many plants to assume their full potential. Many of these plants will do fine with a little less sunlight, although they may not flower as heavily or their foliage as vibrant. Areas on the southern and western sides of buildings usually are the sunniest. The only exception is when houses or buildings are so close together, shadows are cast from neighboring properties. Full sun usually means 6 or more hours of direct unobstructed sunlight on a sunny day. Partial sun receives less than 6 hours of sun, but more than 3 hours. Plants able to take full sun in some climates may only be able to tolerate part sun in other climates. Know the culture of the plant before you buy and plant it!
Conditions : Light and Plant Selection
For best plant performance, it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available light conditions. Right plant, right place! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color, have fewer leaves and a "leggy" stretched-out appearance. Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer blooms when light is less than desirable. It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamps. Plants can also receive too much light. If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct sun, it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged.
WateringConditions : Dry
Dry is defined as an area that regularly receives water, but is fast draining. This results in a soil that is often dry to a depth of 18 inches.
Conditions : Outdoor Watering
Plants are almost completely made up of water so it is important to supply them with adequate water to maintain good plant health. Not enough water and roots will wither and the plant will wilt and die. Too much water applied too frequently deprives roots of oxygen leading to plant diseases such as root and stem rots. The type of plant, plant age, light level, soil type and container size all will impact when a plant needs to be watered. Follow these tips to ensure successful watering:
* The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently. When watering, water well, i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball. With in-ground plants, this means thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches (1' being better). With container grown plants, apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage holes.
* Try to water plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress. Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall. This is paramount if you have had fungus problems.
* Don't wait to water until plants wilt. Although some plants will recover from this, all plants will die if they wilt too much (when they reach the permanent wilting point).
* Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation, mulching, and xeriscaping. Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center. Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and conserve moisture.
* Consider adding water-saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant. These can make a world of difference especially under stressful conditions. Be certain to follow label directions for their use.
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor Plants
Normal watering means that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly, as conditions require. Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season, but take care not to over water. The first two years after a plant is installed, regular watering is important for establishment. The first year is critical. It is better to water once a week and water deeply, than to water frequently for a few minutes.
PlantingHow-to : Planting and Removing Annuals
When planting annuals, begin by preparing the soil. Rototill rotted compost, soil conditioner, pulverized bark, or even builders sand into the existing soil and rake it smooth. Annuals grow quickly, so space them as recommended on plant tags. Remove plants from their containers or packs gently, being sure to keep as much soil as you can around the root ball. If the rootball is tight, loosen it a bit by gently separating white, matted roots with your fingers or a pocket knife. Plant at the same depth they were in the containers. Gently fill in around the plants, providing support but not cutting off air to the roots. Water the plants well.
Through the season, be sure to fertilize for optimal performance. Take special care to cut back or completely remove any diseased plants, as soon as you see there is a problem. At the end of the season, be sure to remove all plants and their root balls. Rake the bed well to prepare it for the next season's planting.
ProblemsPest : Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied, slow-moving insects that suck fluids from plants. Aphids come in many colors, ranging from green to brown to black, and they may have wings. They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunting, deformed leaves and buds. They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing/sucking mouthparts. Aphids, generally, are merely a nuisance, since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage. However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew (coveted by ants) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold.
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating. Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall. They're often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue. Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing.
Prevention and Control: Keep weeds to an absolute minimum, especially around desirable plants. On edibles, wash off infected area of plant. Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden. There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids. Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee.
Fungi : Leaf Spots
Leaf spots are caused by fungi or bacteria. Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular, with a water soaked or yellow-edged appearance. Insects, rain, dirty garden tools, or even people can help its spread.
Prevention and Control: Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry. Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of. Avoid overhead irrigation if possible; water should be directed at soil level. For fungal leaf spots, use a recommended fungicide according to label directions.
MiscellaneousEdibles : Edible Landscape
An edible landscape is one in which all or most of the plants can be eaten or used for cooking in some way. If you are interested in edible gardening, it is highly recommended that you pratice organic methods in the garden. At the very least, do not use chemicals in the area of the garden where there are edibles. Be creative. Many edibles look great in containers, hanging baskets, or even as foundation plants.
Glossary : Annual
An annual is any plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.
Glossary : Seed Start
Seed Start: easily propagated from seed.
Glossary : Edibles
An edible is a plant that has a part or all of it that can be safely consumed in some way.
Glossary : Drought Tolerant
Very few plants, except for those naturally found in desert situations, can tolerate arid soils, but there are plants that seem to be more drought tolerant than others. Plants that are drought tolerant still require moisture, so don't think that they can go for extended period without any water. Drought tolerant plants are often deep rooted, have waxy or thick leaves that conserve water, or leaf structures that close to minimize transpiration. All plants in droughty situations benefit from an occasional deep watering and a 2-3 inch thick layer of mulch. Drought tolerant plants are the backbone of xeriphytic landscaping. | <urn:uuid:2a8c3982-4e9c-4463-b223-200f7315fa85> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/amaranthus-cruentus-purple-amaranth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254889.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519141556-20190519163556-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.950282 | 2,333 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Definition of gallinule
n. - One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata). 2
The word "gallinule" uses 9 letters: A E G I L L L N U.
No direct anagrams for gallinule found in this word list.
All words formed from gallinule by changing one letter
Browse words starting with gallinule by next letter | <urn:uuid:f967de65-150c-48da-ab16-348751406d03> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.morewords.com/word/gallinule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823805.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00057-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.853555 | 200 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What is anaphylaxis?
You probably know someone who is severely allergic to something, like peanuts or bee stings. These allergies can cause anaphylaxis, a type of severe reaction that affects your whole body. It happens quickly and can lead to life-threatening complications.
In rare cases, anaphylaxis is caused by physical activity. A combination of exercise and other contributing factors such as food, weather conditions, or medications can cause exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
More vigorous exercises are usually blamed for exercise-induced anaphylaxis. However, it can happen during any physical activity, such as raking leaves or tearing it up on the dance floor.
Eating particular foods before exercising may bring on an allergic reaction. Peanuts, shellfish, tomatoes, corn, and wheat are associated with exercise-induced anaphylaxis, although any food can be a trigger. This is referred to as food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
Certain medications like aspirin and anti-inflammatories can trigger the reaction as well as can extreme temperatures, humidity, and hormonal changes.
Symptoms can come on suddenly. They may be mild at first but can accelerate rapidly. Common symptoms include:
- coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing
This can turn into a life-threatening situation requiring immediate medical attention. Severe cases may progress to shock, loss of consciousness, and respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Stop what you’re doing and rest if you feel early symptoms of exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Sometimes that’s all it takes.
Call 911 immediately if symptoms escalate in you or someone near you. Signs of anaphylactic shock escalating include:
- pale, clammy skin
- weak, rapid pulse
- breathing problems
- confusion and loss of consciousness
If the person has emergency medication like an epinephrine auto-injector, you may need to help administer it. Don’t attempt to give oral medications to someone who can’t breathe. It may be necessary to begin CPR while waiting for emergency responders. If you don’t know how to perform CPR, try to find someone who does.
The emergency medical team will try to help the person breathe and keep their heart beating. They may use adrenaline, or epinephrine, to lessen the body’s allergic response.
Emergency responders may also use intravenous antihistamines or cortisone to decrease inflammation in the air passages. The allergic reaction can cause airways to inflame, to the point of closing up and blocking airflow to the lungs. Medications called beta-agonists can also help ease troubled breathing.
See your doctor for a complete physical if you’ve experienced exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Keep a record of foods you eat and the conditions you are in before exercising. Figure out how long before exercise you should avoid the offending food, trigger, or allergen.
Avoid exercising outdoors during allergy season and in extreme temperatures. Exercise with a partner who is aware of your condition and who will know what to do in an emergency.
Pinpointing the factors that contribute to anaphylaxis will help you prevent future attacks.
Your doctor will probably prescribe an auto-injector, or EpiPen®, if you have exercise-induced anaphylaxis. It injects epinephrine into your system to slow the allergic reaction.
Seconds count, so make sure you understand how and when to use it. Tell those closest to you that you carry an auto-injector and teach them how to use it.
The auto-injector isn’t a cure in itself, it just slows the allergic reaction, so be sure to go to the hospital immediately after using it.
It’s important that you carry the auto-injector with you at all times and replace it before it expires.
The good news is that anaphylaxis is usually very treatable if you act quickly. If you have a known allergy, carry your medications, especially your EpiPen, with you when you exercise.
Try to avoid known triggers. Always remember that this is a serious allergy and you must treat it as such. Complications can include loss of consciousness, shock, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest, which can lead to death.
Alert your family and friends to your condition and teach them what to do in an emergency. You may also consider wearing a medical alert tag. Read all labels carefully if you have a food allergy.
Stop and rest at the first sign of anaphylaxis. Keep your medications and a cell phone on you when exercising.
Exercise is good for you. As long as you take the proper precautions and listen to your body’s signals, you should be able to continue exercising. | <urn:uuid:db885f31-dcb5-4baa-819c-2e1e2ed2c595> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-induced-anaphylaxis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00436.warc.gz | en | 0.936691 | 996 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Manatee County Audubon Society's Shorebird Surveys and Stewardship Program
The Shorebird Survey and Stewardship Program is used to educate beach visitors about the nesting shorebirds and the importance of not disturbing them. The program is set up for two persons (minimum) per shift each weekend day in three hour shifts running from 8:00AM to 8:00PM. A canopy structure and beach chairs are available to provide shade for the volunteers.
The nesting shorebirds have flown from the nests until 2022. Check back in next spring and summer to see if they return and how you can help!
2021 Nesting Least Tern Colony
In June and July, 2021 126 Least Terns created a nesting colony on Bradenton Breach. This was the first nesting colony on Manatee County Public Beaches in 5 years!
This colony faced many challenges including Tropical Storm Else, 4th of July Disturbances, and Feral Cats. 64 nests produced a total of 30 chicks, and 2 fledged.
Manatee County Audubon Society was able to assist Anna Maria Island Turtle Watch with stewarding this colony on the weekends and teaching the public about this threatened species. A big thank you to all that participated! Hopefully the Least Terns return next year!
Photo Credit: Kathy Doddridge of Least Tern with Two Chicks
Species in Trouble
Many of Florida’s beach-nesting shorebirds and seabirds have experienced declines as a result of habitat loss and excessive disturbance at nests and colonies. In response, here are easy ways you can help our effort.
1- MINIMIZE NEST DISTURBANCE
Please respect posted areas for beach-nesting birds and set an example for beachgoers around you.
Many nests are not posted. Please pay careful attention where you step in order to avoid stepping on a nest. Agitated adults are an indication a nest may be near.
Keep dogs leashed. An unleashed dog can destroy a colony in minutes.
2- WATCH OUT FOR CHICKS
Avoid walking in or near the wrack line or areas with dense seaweed and debris since these areas are frequently used by chicks as foraging habitat and shelter.
Chicks are very mobile soon after hatching and can be found well outside posted areas. As with nests, agitated adults may signify a chick is nearby, proceed carefully.
If you find a chick without an adult nearby, do not assume it has been abandoned and try to pick it up.
Manatee County's active shorebird nesting sites. Please note many sites have been under-reported due to COVID-19 limitations. Source: Florida Shorebird Database (https://public.myfwc.com/crossdoi/shorebirds/index.aspx) | <urn:uuid:beb7ef7e-16f9-4669-a487-9c68a29b2640> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.manateeaudubon.org/conservation/beach-nesting-birds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945144.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323100829-20230323130829-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.927469 | 584 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The Principle: Speaking to young children using quantitative terms, which are abstract and require a developmental level young children have not yet achieved, can create frustration. The medical community may want to avoid conceptual language and revert to a more concrete vocabulary.
To Our Friends in the Medical Community: A HYCL Team Member’s Account:
During a visit to the emergency room, I overheard a conversation between an ailing child and a physician. The doctor was trying to determine the cause of the child’s discomfort. He asked, “Does it hurt more here or here? What about here? More or less? Which hurts worse, here or here?” The conversation went on for a while, exhausting the child, the gentle doctor, and me. The reason for the communication challenge? Language.
Abstract verses concrete: Most young children do not understand the concepts of “more or less” and “most or least” until first or second grade. These quantitative terms are abstract and require a developmental level young children have not yet achieved. Therefore, when this emergency room child could not sort out which hurt more and which hurt less, he became frustrated.
When talking with a sick child, our friends in the medical profession may want to avoid conceptual language and revert to a more concrete vocabulary. When diagnosing pain, it may be more expedient to ask questions such as: “Is this a big hurt or a little hurt? Is this hurt bigger than this hurt? This small hurt, does it get bigger when I do this? …”
An assurance to parents:
When a child is sick, he will revert to an earlier stage of development. His emotional/mental age will temporarily become less than his chronological age. Language may deteriorate and baby talk resume. Insecurities and needs long since passed will surface again. The child may request a security blanket or other comfort item that may have been put away long ago. The good news is … it’s temporary.
– End – | <urn:uuid:66fca170-9e8f-45b3-b0fc-f6fd5fdf4c9d> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://howyoungchildrenlearn.com/community/to-the-medical-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649302.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603165228-20230603195228-00443.warc.gz | en | 0.935311 | 412 | 3.140625 | 3 |
In the never-ending debate over the impact that immigration has on the U.S. economy, the role of immigrant small businesses usually goes unnoticed. While mention is sometimes made of the fact that two in five Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants, the little businesses—the majority that employ under 100 people—are often forgotten. In large part, this is due to the absence of basic data on the subject. However, a new report from the Fiscal Policy Institute (FPI) finally quantifies the value of immigrant small businesses to the U.S. economy.
Using data from the Survey of Business Owners and the American Community Survey, the report compiles a treasure trove of entrepreneurial information that highlights the enormous role which immigrants play as small business owners:
- Immigrant-owned small businesses employed 4.7 million people and had $776 billion in receipts in 2007, the last year for which data is available.
- 18% of all small business owners in the United States are immigrants; higher than the immigrant share of the population (13%) or labor force (16%).
- The small businesses most commonly owned by immigrants are restaurants, physician’s offices, real estate firms, grocery stores, and truck transportation services.
- Immigrants comprise 65% of taxi service owners, 54% of dry cleaning and laundry service owners, 53% of gas station owners, and 49% of grocery store owners.
- Between 1990 and 2010, immigrants accounted for 30% of the total increase in the number of small business owners in the United States.
- Immigrants from Mexico account for 12% of immigrant small business owners, followed by immigrants from India, Korea, Cuba, China, and Vietnam.
- Immigrants from the Middle East, Asia, and Southern Europe have the highest rates of small business ownership.
- Immigrants who have been in the United States for more than 10 years are more than twice as likely to be small business owners as immigrants who have been in the country for 10 years or less.
- 29% of immigrant small business owner are women. In comparison, 28% of U.S.-born small business owners are women.
- Among the 25 largest metropolitan areas, immigrants comprise the largest share of small business owners in Miami (45%), followed by Los Angeles (44%), New York (36%), and San Francisco (35%).
- Among the 50 states, immigrants comprise the largest share of small business owners in California (33%), followed by New York (29%), New Jersey (28%), Florida (26%), and Hawaii (23%).
Taken in sum, this data illustrates that immigrant entrepreneurs are an integral part of the U.S. economy.
As the FPI report puts it, “immigrant small business owners contribute to economic growth, to employment, and to producing the goods and services that support our standard of living.” This is a basic economic fact with broad political implications. The report observes that “understanding who the one million immigrant small business owners are…can only help as the country struggles to achieve a better set of immigration policies.” And a better set of policies would recognize that immigration fuels American entrepreneurship.
Photo by Tyler Olson. | <urn:uuid:7afcc48c-4548-4c41-880a-5ee275b55c6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://immigrationimpact.com/2012/06/14/immigrant-owned-small-businesses-contribute-more-to-u-s-economy-than-youd-think/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118963.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00326-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955469 | 651 | 2.578125 | 3 |
With the current weather conditions in mind, Toyota said its new fuel cell vehicle could be the answer to keeping the lights on when power cuts strike.
Instead of fumbling for the candles when the electricity supply fails, owners of the new Toyota FCV could simply reach for their car keys to keep their homes warm and bright, says Toyota.
The FCV, due to make its world sales debut next year, is demonstrating its potential as a back-up domestic energy supplier at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.
Toyota explained the four-door sedan’s electric motor can produce more than 100 kilowatt and, with a full tank of hydrogen fuel, could generate enough energy to power a regular home for a week. Toyota’s engineers are now researching an external power supply device that could be used with the car to provide a safe and simple domestic connection.
The FCV’s potential as an emergency power supply is of course secondary to its principal role as a practical, zero-emissions vehicle. Benefiting from Toyota’s decade of hydrogen fuel cell research and development, it is expected to have a range of at least 300 miles on a full tank, and can be refilled just as quickly and safely as a conventional gasoline or diesel model. Toyota added when driven, the car’s only tailpipe emission is water, the by-product of the fuel cell system’s electricity generation process.
Toyota has made its hybrid vehicles central to its research into developing low-carbon homes, integrating the rechargeable Prius Plug-in into its “smart grid” housing developments in Toyota City, Japan, and in a pilot project last year in Indianapolis.
Toyota boasted that unofficially, its hybrids have already proved their worth as mobile power stations, notably with Prius models being drafted in as emergency energy sources in the aftermath of the Japan earthquake and tsunami in 2011 and in the recent storms and power outages hitting North America and the UK. | <urn:uuid:bf5367c4-2016-485d-93de-3571e1c528ed> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.hybridcars.com/toyotas-fuel-cell-vehicle-to-also-be-a-back-up-home-power-source/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400376321.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123256-00142-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959975 | 409 | 2.515625 | 3 |
2. Lion habitat has declined by 75% since then and lion numbers have dropped to less than 20,000
3. Only 9 countries in Africa have more than 1000 lions, while Tanzania alone now has 40% of the whole lion population
4. The African lion is heading for extinction.
5. Main driver for lion destruction is the reckless breeding habits of Africa’s human population. For instance, Kenya had a small population of 5 million people at the end of WW2, but that population has exploded to over 30 million.
6. Human over- population in rural areas means lions are killed routinely to protect livestock.
7. Trophy hunting is also a major cause of lion numbers declining, especially since the trophy hunter always wants the magnificent pride male, and once he has been removed, pride cohesion breaks down, with competing males killing all the cubs. It has been estimated that it can take 7 years before that pride can recover fully from the killing of the pride male.
8. Because hunters have wiped out so many wild lions there is a demand for a constant supply of living targets and lion farming has increased dramatically in South Africa.
9. In the last fifteen years the number of captive lions in S.A. has increased from almost zero to over 8000. That is twice as many as there are wild lions (4000)
10. Lion farmers grow out lions for at least three years before they reach huntable size. To help pay the cost of rearing lions, lion farmers rent out their cubs to be played with by tourists. And they take in volunteers who pay to be allowed to work at a lion farm (deceitfully described usually as a lion sanctuary)
11. What you can do to help the African lion:-
a. Cub petting. Do not patronise any tourist resort where cub-petting is allowed.
b. Volunteers. Do not volunteer at any facility where breeding of lions takes place. If there are cubs then it is a lion farm breeding centre.
c. Write to your MEP. And ask her to ban the import of African lion/leopard trophies in to Europe. | <urn:uuid:c895a1c9-2089-4eea-a211-36bd291f5e50> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.cannedlion.org/blog/canned-hunting-in-a-nutshell | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864022.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621040124-20180621060124-00094.warc.gz | en | 0.957114 | 438 | 2.75 | 3 |
Sometimes an eye condition that appears to be only a nuisance can become something more serious. One such condition is dry eye syndrome. Our Bronx eye care doctor can determine if a case of dry eye is a temporary condition, a chronic syndrome or a sign of a more serious disease that may be developing. Eyes depend on tears to provide moisture and lubrication to maintain vision, comfort and to help resist infection. Dry eye syndrome can be an imbalance in the composition of tears, which are actually made up of several different components or a blockage in the tear glands around the eyes. Dry eye syndrome can occur due to the natural aging process, especially during menopause, be due to certain drugs, such as antihistamines and birth control pills, or some medical conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome and collagen vascular disease. Environmental conditions, such as heating or air conditioning can also cause a temporary dry eye condition.
According to our Bronx eye care doctor at Urban Eyes, symptoms of dry eye syndrome include pain, light sensitivity, a sandy feeling in the eyes or a feeling that there is something in the eyes, itching, redness or blurring vision. It is also possible that someone with dry eye syndrome can experience the opposite effect and have excess tears running down their cheeks, this happens when the tears contain too much water and not enough of the other lubricating ingredients so the tears are runny but not effective as lubricants for the eyes.
Dry eye syndrome cannot be cured but our Bronx eye care doctor in has a number of treatments to control the condition and relieve the symptoms. The primary treatment for dry eye syndrome is the use of over-the-counter artificial tear drops and ointments. A more invasive treatment is to close the ducts that drain tears out of the eyes, this is called a temporary punctual occlusion and involves plugging the tear drain of the lower eyelid. If this temporary tear duct blocking is effective our doctor may recommend non-dissolving punctual plugs, which are longer lasting or even closing the tear drain through heat. There is a medical device called a lipiflow that uses heat and pressure on the eyelids to unclog blocked tear glands that produce oil that is part of the tear film. Restasis is a prescription medication that is an FDA approved treatment for dry eye; other medications also are used for dry eye syndrome including the short-term use of steroids. Don’t suffer with chronic dry eye let are doctor evaluate your condition.
Sick and tired of eyes and vision not feeling their best? Every second that ticks, you’re giving it an opportunity to get worse. Don’t do that. Take control of the situation now by reaching out to a group of first-rate professionals at Urban Eyes. Treat yourself to a proper exam through our Bronx optometrist. Couldn’t be easier.
Ignoring eye symptoms pretty much guarantees you’re setting yourself up for a world of complications further down the line. And why put yourself through all of that hassle needlessly? Precisely. So leave the gambling to the casinos. With that said, head over to visit a professional once time permits. What an eye doctor provides is someone with the expertise, skill, and tools who can evaluate the eye. Running tests for any diseases. As long as you stick to said plan, those eyes should be feeling amazing again. Here are a few common red flags to look out for that might signal the eye disease alarms: headaches after sitting in front of a computer screen for prolonged periods, nauseous when following a non-stationary target, and being diagnosed with diabetes. Don’t waste another second. Decide that today will be the day when you jump off that couch and make a decision that’ll bring return your eyes back to tip-top condition—unless you’re ok living with constant sand in your eyes. Otherwise head over to Urban Eyes soon and speak to our Bronx optometrist—you’ll wonder why you didn’t visit sooner.
Concerned about jumping over all kinds of hoops to get started? No need to worry—reaching out to us is incredibly simple. Just shoot us a call or an e-mail and then let our stellar Urban Eyes staff know you’d like to schedule an appointment. And then you’ll be well on your way to meeting with our first-rate Bronx optometrist.
390 E. Fordham Road
Bronx, NY 10458
Corneal diseases can be devastating to a person’s eyesight. One eye condition that negatively impacts the cornea and is common among people who wear Bronx contact lenses is Keratitis. It’s very important that patients with symptoms should see their eye doctor as soon as possible.
Keratitis is the inflammation of the cornea. There are different types of Keratitis. Bacterial Keratitis is generally very common and is the most common type of infection among people who wear Bronx contact lenses. It is an infection of the clear front portion of the eye called the cornea. If keratitis isn’t treated, it could scar the cornea and could lead to serious vision problems. Therefore, Keratitis should be treated by a professional eye doctor as soon as possible. Some common symptoms of bacterial Keratitis include: blurred vision, eye pain, redness of the eye, eye discharge, light sensitivity, and excessive tearing. People who wear contact lenses have a greater risk of developing but people who don’t wear contacts are also at risk. One of the most common reasons that contact lens wearers get the infection is because they failed to either clean, wear and/or store the contact lenses properly. For this reason, it’s very important to following the instructions of the eye care professional as to how to wear, clean and store contact lenses. They need to be properly cleaned and disinfected. They also need to be stored properly. The contact lenses need to be cleaned properly with the lens solution and rinsed properly with water. In addition to things that should be done; there are things that should not be done. Sharing non-corrective contact lenses should not be done. Sharing contact lenses places the contact-lens wearer at a high risk of developing Keratitis. The best way to prevent it is to avoid sharing contacts and to properly care for and maintain the contact lenses and contact lens case.
If you have symptoms you think are from your Bronx contact lenses, don’t hesitate. Contact our office right away. We’ll schedule your appointment with our eye doctor for an evaluation right away.
Wouldn’t it be great to not have to strain your already faltering eyes while trying to read…anything? Well, you’re in luck. Now you can, thanks to improvements in optometry. Treat yourself to a proper set of reading glasses. Getting started is easy, all you have to do is head over to Urban Eyes for eyeglasses in University Heights.
Diagnoses are best left to professionals. But there are a few symptoms to look out for that should mark red flags. If you’re constantly suffering from any of the following: headaches or sore eyes while reading for only a few minutes at a time, squinting when trying to read a magazine or see what’s on television, pushing a computer monitor back in order to see it… If the answer is yes to most of these, it’s definitely time to get a checkup. Oftentimes this is the byproduct of Presbyopia, an aging-related condition that affects vision. It’s an easy fix though. A proper set of reading glasses should do the trick. And don’t you worry. We understand your concerns about looking “goofy” or “unattractive” when putting on eyewear. That’s why we pride ourselves in overloading our stock, so our customers feel they have more than enough options out there. So whatever they pick out, rest assured it’ll be something that’s a reflection of their personal style and taste. Sound good? Our customers certainly think so. Now take back control today. Head over to Urban Eyes and hook yourself up with eyeglasses in University Heights.
Simple, easy. If you don’t have a prescription, don’t worry. All you need is an eye exam. Setup the appointment by calling or e-mailing Urban Eyes. Once you’re set, it’ll only be a hop and a skip away before you are able to check out our massive selection of eyeglasses in University Heights. See? Nothing to it.
390 E. Fordham Road
Bronx, NY 10458
Patients who have diabetes are very susceptible to other health conditions. Diabetes affects other parts of the body; the eyes; for example. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease that diabetes patients need to be checked for by a professional eye doctor at a quality eye care practice. Diabetic retinopathy can be detected through a dilated eye exam University Heights.
Our high quality eye care practice, Urban Eyes, provides our patients with an eye exam University Heights that checks for not only refraction errors but also for eye diseases and conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts are among the eye diseases and conditions that can be detected during a thorough eye exam. These regular eye exams are invaluable tools in maintaining good eye health by detecting and helping to prevent diseases in patients of all ages. The comprehensive eye exam typically includes but isn’t limited to: a slit lamp test, a dilated eye exam, refraction for eyeglasses and contact lenses and a glaucoma pressure testing. There are many eye diseases and conditions that present with no signs early on. The only way to detect them early is by getting a thorough eye exam done by a professional eye doctor like ours. Early detection of any problems will help reduce the risk of further harm and will allow for more treatment options. It’s crucial that you get eye exams done more frequently if you have diabetes. Since every person’s specific circumstances are unique, you should ask your eye doctor how often you should get your eye exams done. We also offer many other high quality optical services. We offer contact lens exams and fittings. We have a wonderful selection of eye care products in our optical department.
If you haven’t had a recent eye exam University Heights, contact our office right now and we’ll gladly set one up for you. We look forward to assisting you soon.
Sunglasses University Heights
While today’s sunglasses are better than ever at protecting the wearer’s eyes from the sun’s glare and harmful rays, they are also more stylish than ever. Designer sunglasses University Heights allow people to portray not only their sense of style but to also give off an individualized attitude at the same time. You can’t be truly cool without a pair of stylish sunglasses. Urban Eyes has a unique selection of designer sunglasses that allows each of our clients to explore their own attitude towards facing the sun.
Aside from the style and fashion of designer sunglasses University Heights our practice emphasizes their functional side. Eyes are extremely sensitive to radiation emitted by the sun in the form of UV-A and UV-B rays. Exposed to these forms of ultra-violet light over a short period of time human eyes can develop photokeratitis, a sort of sunburn for the eyes with symptoms that include red eyes, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light or a gritty feeling in the eyes. These symptoms are usually short-lived and the eyes recover. The long-term effects of exposure to UV rays are more serious and have been linked to the development of cataracts and damage to the retina. Our practice recommends wearing quality sunglasses to block UV rays, along with wearing a brimmed hat for additional glare protection. Good sunglasses will block 99 – 100 percent of both UV-A and UV-B rays and screen out 75 – 90 percent of visible light from reaching the eyes. Sunglasses should be perfectly matched in color and be free of imperfections and distortions. In other words, a pair of quality sunglasses is worth the investment in protecting your eyes.
Quality designer sunglasses University Heights are a specialty of our practice. We match your sunglass prescription perfectly to that of your eyeglasses or contact lenses. Even if you do not wear corrective lenses the quality of the protective lenses available in the sunglasses fabricated in our optical shop offers the ultimate in UV protection. So, protect your eyes from the ravages of the sun with high quality sunglasses that feature the latest in UV protection lens technology. Please come in and visit our optical shop and let one of our experienced staff members help you express your style and protect your vision.
Affordable Eyewear University Heights
You wouldn’t be the first person to endure the struggles of the blind life. Squinting, straining, doing anything you can to eek out even the smallest bit of clarity just to get daily tasks taken care of. Don’t do that to yourself any longer. Squinting will only make things worse. Take a sliver out of your busy schedule and make a trip to Urban Eyes and then browse our selection of affordable eyewear University Heights. The first step toward a brand new horizon. After paying her a visit, you’ll wonder why you didn’t do it sooner. Sound good? Next move is up to you.
If you’re struggling to pay the bills, investing in a pair of glasses might give you pause. We understand. That’s why we pride ourselves in providing a selection that won’t break the bank. So don’t hesitate to swing by Urban Eyes for unrivaled affordable eyewear University Heights—couldn’t be easier. If you have a particularly serious, unchecked condition affecting your vision—get that evaluated and treated pronto. Otherwise, you’re putting yourself at risk for impairing yourself further. Over time, your brain compensates for the vision disparity by relying more on the “stronger eye”, frequently resulting in headaches. In some cases, the eye spasms due to long-term overuse. Plus, depending on the severity of your vision loss, you might be putting yourself (and others) at risk by getting behind the wheel—especially during the night.
So what are you waiting for? Don’t settle for substandard vision. Treat yourself to high-definition level resolution by picking from our selection of affordable eyewear University Heights. You’ll be amazed by our selection. No need to wait any longer, contemplating your decision. All you have to do is pick up the phone and contact Urban Eyes. Or if it’s easier for you, go ahead and send us an e-mail to set up an appointment.
390 E. Fordham Road
Bronx, NY 10458
University Heights optometry
Patients with diabetes are very susceptible to other health problems. Diabetes affects other parts of the body such as the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease that diabetes patients need to be checked for by a professional eye doctor at a quality University Heights optometry practice. Diabetic retinopathy can be detected through a dilated eye exam.
Our optometrists at Urban Eye Care provide eye exams that check for not only refraction errors but also for eye diseases and conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts are among the eye diseases and conditions that can be detected during a thorough eye exam at our University Heights optometry practice. These regular eye exams are invaluable tools in maintaining good eye health by detecting and helping to prevent diseases in patients of all ages. The comprehensive eye exam typically includes but isn’t limited to: a slit lamp test, a dilated eye exam, refraction for eyeglasses and contact lenses and a glaucoma pressure testing. There are many eye diseases and conditions that present with no signs early on. The only way to detect them early is by getting a thorough eye exam done by a professional eye doctor like ours at Urban Eyes. Early detection of any issues will help reduce the risk of further harm and will allow for more treatment options. It’s very important that you get eye exams done more frequently if you have diabetes. Since every person’s specific circumstances are different, you should ask your eye doctor how often you should get your eye exams done. At Urban Eyes, we also offer many other high quality optical services. We offer contact lens exams and fittings. We have a fantastic selection of eye care products in our optical department.
If you haven’t had a recent eye exam, contact our University Heights optometry practice today. We look forward to assisting you.
University Heights Eye Exam
Human vision is an ever-changing sensory ability that needs to be monitored and often corrected as we go through different stages of our lives. An annual University Heights eye exam is an important part of the quality eye care that is available to the whole family at Urban Eyes. Our eye doctor offers a complete range of eye care services including comprehensive eye examinations, diagnosis of disease and recommended treatment, vision corrections in the form of eyeglasses and contact lenses, as well as optical shops stocked with the latest designer frames.
A comprehensive University Heights eye exam begins with a conversation between you and our practice’s trained and experienced staff. Our eye doctor will discuss the state of your vision and ask about any problems you are experiencing with your eyes, we’ll also inquire about the general state of your health since many disorders in other parts of the body can affect the eyes and your vision, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Our office is equipped with the latest in diagnostic equipment for the eye, which our staff uses to not only check your visual acuity but to also check for any developing eye diseases or conditions, including glaucoma, cataracts, diabetes retinopathy, macular degeneration, keratoconus and many others.
Our doctor will test your eyes using through a silt lamp test and a set of computerized tests as well as performing a dilated eye exam to check the inner structures of the eye and a glaucoma pressure test. The University Heights eye exam will also include a refractory examination to measure the eye’s ability top see clearly and prescribe any vision correction that is necessary. A significant problem is that many serious eye diseases progress overtime and have no noticeable symptoms during their early stages when treatment is more effective. Only a comprehensive eye examination can diagnose these developing serious conditions. The earlier they are treated the better the result will be. Make an appointment with one of our convenient locations for a free eye exam so that we can help you care for your eyes.
390 E. Fordham Road
Bronx, NY 10458
Fordham Road Children’s Eyewear
Our Fordham Road children’s eyewear includes an impressive array of possibilities. At Urban Eyes, we feel that there is no reason that your child shouldn’t have as much to choose from as adults do. And in addition to sharp, clear vision, we’re pleased to provide the chance for your child to indulge her or his sense of taste and personal style.
The quality of your child’s vision is directly linked to how well he or she does in school, as well as to social development. Nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are all correctable with our Fordham Road children’s eyewear. Unlike with adults, though, it’s not always obvious that your child can benefit from a pair of glasses. This is why we recommend that you bring her or him in for a comprehensive eye exam before first starting school. Thereafter, a visit every two years is typically sufficient. Single vision, bifocal, and multi-focal lenses are all available, so if your child has more than one vision need to address, that’s no problem at all. We are committed to both top quality and top service, so while you and your child select the pair of frames that will house the prescription that corrects her is his vision, our optical department will fashion those lenses to precise standards. In fact, we are able to fill most prescriptions for our Fordham Road children’s eyewear in just about an hour. A few of the well-known designers whose eyewear we proudly feature are Calvin Klein, Ray Ban, Hugo Boss, Michael Kors, Ed Hardy, and Versace. We have them in various colors and shapes, so no matter what your child’s taste is, we can match it ideally.
Schedule an eye exam at our office. Contact us right now. Your child’s vision deserves nothing less than the excellence that we’re dedicated to providing. | <urn:uuid:7cb4f23b-1fb1-4fd4-83de-bedb85859413> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://bronx.optical-urbaneyes.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823895.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212134123-20181212155623-00147.warc.gz | en | 0.938881 | 4,346 | 2.625 | 3 |
Some of the most serious stereotypes regarding Asian Americans revolve around the “model minority” myth, which suggests that Asian Tourists are an scholastically and socially successful ethnic group. This myth seems to have its dating asian women origins almost 50 years ago, when political figures, journalists, and academics began making use of the term to make a divide among ethnic minorities and downplay the role of racism. Nevertheless , there is a great deal of data that supports the stereotype.
Some of the common cliches about Asians are overt and covert, and often contain a mixture of exoticism and distinctness. Several cliches happen to be contradictory, with women typically portrayed while dragon girls or China dolls while guys are typically lecherous and game. Moreover, light actors are often used to encourage these stereotypes, and yellowface remains controversial.
Another well-known stereotype regarding Asians is that of perpetual foreign people. This stereotype is normally applied to Asians in command positions, and fails to take into account the cost of modesty and a traditional family group structure. In group configurations, this lack of outspokenness is construed as a lack of knowledge or perhaps interest, and it is often misconstrued like a sign of ineptitude. In reality, this kind of stereotype is more upsetting to the future of Asians than it is useful.
An identical stereotype affects Asian women. According to 1 study, 14% of Asian women thought that they could not become leaders. This understanding was reinforced by retaliation against women who spoke out about these beliefs. Even worse, several women reported losing their jobs consequently of their outspokenness. It is actually no wonder that Asian ladies are often the targets of discrimination, in the usa and overseas. The fact that women from varied backgrounds are more inclined to be targeted for male or female bias and elegance only causes it to be more difficult to create successful businesses.
Stereotypes about Asians are dangerous, especially in the US, because they can gap races against one another and exploit several groups. In addition , Asian Americans are often perceived as never ending foreigners, with minimal access to options thai brides cost and roles depending on the stereotypes developed by society. Because of this, a lot of them have turned to activism in the name of equity and equality. They are really proud of their ethnicity and their cultural traditions, but the prevailing stereotypes can easily still adversely affect the success inside the American place of work.
Regardless of recent hard work to get rid of this problem, there are still countless instances of elegance and microaggressions directed at Asians. The stereotypes are rooted in the advertising and perpetuated by the press. This bad perception of Asians, and the insufficient acceptance they love in many industrial sectors, restrict their very own advancement in corporate America. It is this opinion that holds the way forward for Asian Families back. Nonetheless there is hope! Fortunately, researchers possess uncovered the psychological effects of anti-Asian stereotypes.
In this thesis, I’ll look at the systemic racism of stereotypes against Asians in American cinema. Through the twentieth century, Asians were frequently portrayed mainly because Yellow Peril threats. In addition to this, Cookware males were perceived as scheming, weak, and ignorant, whilst Asian females were considered as enticing, cunning, and subservient. Let me track the origins of stereotypes and explore the impact on Asians in American culture.
While the concept of Asians getting technologically better than other backgrounds is seated in European colonialism, there are many misconceptions about them that nonetheless persist. The sort of myth is that Asians happen to be inhuman. This myth is based on a misconception that Asians lack empathy. With respect to case, an image of Asians as software suggests that that they might not have human feelings, and they are for that reason not human at all. These kinds of a view is definitely the foundation of the model minority myth.
While many films and TV series displaying Asian individuals currently have a strong rendering of Cookware characters, too few of them contain Asians. For instance , dating asian women the 1970s Tv shows Kung Fu featured a “Chinese” hero played by David Carradine. And in the 1973 movie Your Dragon, Bruce Shelter fought together with non-Asian actors. However , some other videos of this time feature non-Asian actors. | <urn:uuid:519f59f1-18a3-453b-ab0f-6dc6916ae9b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://etrans.ccstw.nccu.edu.tw/uncategorized/stereotypes-about-cookware-americans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103922377.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701064920-20220701094920-00028.warc.gz | en | 0.96857 | 867 | 3 | 3 |
Bipolar Depression, Manic depression Psychotherapy and Counselling
Bipolar depression is a form of mental health condition where the person suffers states of depression, and states of elevated mood which may start in a pleasant way, but which rapidly become agitated and disjointed. Historically sufferers have been categorized as Bipolar I, II or rapid cycling. However more and more it is being realized that neat categorizing is impossible, and even if the “type” is captured in initial diagnosis, it may vary considerably over time.
“I do not see the point in carrying on”
“I can’t see the point anymore”
“People would be better off without me”
“if I was gone my partner would be better off with someone else”
“My mood is all over the place”
“I get a lot of depression, but sometimes I am just mad happy!”
“I can be super crazy sometimes, which is a real break from the depression”
“I can go from suicidal to dancing on the table”
“Being nuts happy is the only break I get from the sadness”
“I go from being down to shopping over the top online to cheer up”
“When I have had enough I just go on a bender to escape from it all and act up”
Other problems present with Bipolar depression
Some estimates claim a third of bipolar sufferers also have OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder), usually presenting as obsessive thoughts, rather than actions.
Co-morbidity is a recognised major problem in mental health, where a mental health condition does not exist alone, but has another factor present as well. A classic Bipolar co-morbidity is with addiction. Historically this has been perceived as the personal with mental health problems slipping into further chaos in a weak minded way. Crucially there is a far more important factor actually at work. Mal-adaptive oping mechanisms like the consumption of alcohol can lead to addiction and co-morbidity in the long term, but usually result from an attempt to cope and “self medicate” in the short term. Thus a short term “fix” becomes a long term chaotic problem.
Serious anxiety is often present in Bipolar. Historically this has been considered to be part of the “up” or elevated state. However it is often seen in the depressed state, where the sufferer experiences both depression and feelings of fear or anxiety at the same time.
Mixed states often occur when a number of emotions collide, and this creates a painful state of chaos, often characterized by anger, aggression and self isolation. These states often occur when a state change is about to occur, for example from depression into elevated state.
How often do Bipolar states change?
This can be almost any frequency. For some people states change once or twice a year, and this can be seasonal and related to SAD (seasonal adjustment disorder). Less light in autumn can trigger depression or a tendency for mal-adaptive behaviour. Spring and increases sunlight can trigger anxiety and mania.
Hypermania occurs when the sufferer is “slightly up” and often feels very positive. Sufferers often report increased efficiency, speedy thought, creativity and sociability. It is a little like a “turbo” button. When this changes to full mania however, the stimulation becomes excessive and uncontrolled. the “up” state becomes painful, disjointed, with racing thoughts, irrational thoughts and chaos. Diagnosis often comes from sufferers committing criminal or self harming acts during this state.
Whereas some people have very infrequent state changes, others have extremely rapid cycling, with some people experiencing cycles during the course of a month, week or even a day.
Co-morbidity creates additional chaos, in effect creating cycles within cycles and making identification of the true bipolar component tricky at best.
Bipolar is a mental health condition where it is vitally important for the sufferer to maintain medical care, support and supervision. psychotherapies can be very helpful, but medical care and supervision must be maintained. Psychotherapists can work to complement the support of the medical profession.
NICE recommend CBT based psychological therapies for mood disorders, as well as a range of potential medications from the GP or consultant.
CBT and coaching are often used to help in managing the condition better, effectively “living with” bipolar. Life can be made far more stable with elements of life coaching, positive lifestyle, CBT, early warning recognition, relaxation therapies and counselling support.
Psychoanalysis looks at some of the contributing factors in Bipolar conditions and looks at the individual person rather than the Bipolar. Therefore incidents that have happened, perhaps as a result of damaging mood states can be talked through and reconciled, contributing developmental and relationship factors can be worked on, and positive life direction and self acceptance can be established. This is not “treating” the bipolar, but working with the individual.
Forms of depression including bipolar depression are usually either treated directly with cognitive behavioural therapy based psychological therapies or high intensity psychological interventions (as recommended by NICE), or it can be addressed by looking more holistically at the person using counselling, psychotherapy methods, mindfulness and other therapies chosen to meet the needs of the individual client. Other NICE recommended methods include behavioural therapy focusing on relationships, psycho-dynamic psychotherapy, couples behavioural therapy or counselling. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG90/chapter/1-Guidance#psychological-interventions
Generally therefore there are three options, but of course these can be combined into a course of treatment so it is not “either or”.
1. CBT based psychological therapies as recommended by NICE and the NHS, although this is often a rather “cold” and functional approach, and does not really look in any depth as to personal patterns and causation. NICE recommend 16-20 sessions.
2. Psychoanalysis, counselling and psychotherapy based work looking at the individual and working them them rather than “treating” the depression. In other words looking at the person, not the symptoms. Mindfulness, meditation, hypnotherapy and and other methods like life coaching can be useful too. NICE do recommend “short term” (16-20 sessions) psycho-dynamic therapy.
3. Cognitive Behavioural Analysis, a hybrid of Cognitive behavioural theory and psychoanalytic theory, which combines looking at function, and looking at why. It has a strong emphasis on relationships, experiences, personal understanding (perception / interpretation) and behaviour. It incorporates NICE recommended features of psycho-dynamic, cognitive behavioural and relationship behavioural therapy. Some studies have shown success rates of 85% combining forms of cognitive analysis with medication support from a GP [Keller, M. et al. A Comparison of Nefazodone, the Cognitive Behavioural-Analysis System of Psychotherapy, and Their Combination for the Treatment of Chronic Depression. New England Journal of Medicine Volume 342:1462-1470 May 18, 2000. ]
In reality the best approach is usually to combine elements of all three to help the individual, since no two clients are the same!!
Studies indicate that there is no clear “better” method comparing behavioural and other psychological therapies* Likewise there is little clear evidence to suggest “3rd way” versions of CBT are better than original CBT methods (does not examine Cognitive Behavioural Analysis which is different and has good evidence of additional success) ^.
* http://www.cochrane.org/CD008696/DEPRESSN_behavioural-therapies-versus-other-psychological-therapies-for-depression ^ http://www.cochrane.org/CD008704/DEPRESSN_third-wave-cognitive-and-behavioural-therapies-versus-other-psychological-therapies-for-depression
It may be worth noting that studies do show that receiving short term psycho-dynamic therapy (such as psychoanalysis or cognitive behavioural analysis) does lead to greater improvement in patients compared with control groups for persons with common mental health issues. http://www.cochrane.org/CD004687/DEPRESSN_short-term-psychodynamic-psychotherapies-for-common-mental-disorders
Other useful approaches including relaxation techniques such as self hypnosis or hypnotherapy, which reduces symptomatology but not as much as linked up psychological therapy. http://www.cochrane.org/CD007142/DEPRESSN_relaxation-for-depression
Bipolar counselling and psychotherapy in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Falkirk
Stuart is a psychoanalyst, clinical hypnotherapist and stress counsellor with additional training in a range of therapies including NLP, CBT and psychotherapy.
Bipolar management is one of Stuart’s specialist areas, and he has worked with patients as a mental health support worker, and now works with patients in his psychoanalysis clinic using a range of therapies including CBT. Stuart works alongside the medical profession and patients must maintain medical support and supervision. Bipolar, manic depression counselling. Stuart is also increasing his Cognitive Behavioural Analytic training with additional post qualification training in CBASP training in 2015.
Key words: Bipolar depression, manic depression, mood disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, counselling, therapy, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Falkirk | <urn:uuid:afb87459-f1cc-4d86-b556-ab2d76d64062> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.psychoanalysis.center/mental-health-therapy/bipolar-depression | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886133042.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824062820-20170824082820-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.937595 | 2,018 | 2.859375 | 3 |
UK Government introduces measure to safeguard water supply for England & Wales
Agreement puts cross-border arrangements for water on a footing fit for the 21st century
• UK and Welsh Governments introduce new water protocol for England and Wales
• Paves the way to remove the Secretary of State powers to intervene on water policy in Wales
• Protocol demonstrates how far we have come from the events of 52 years ago, which resulted in the flooding of the Tryweryn Valley
• Protocol will come into force on 1 April 2018
The UK Government has today laid before Parliament a water protocol for England and Wales which will safeguard water resources, water supply and water quality for consumers on both sides of the border.
Delivered jointly with the Welsh Government, this protocol meets a key commitment made during the passage of the Wales Act 2017 and paves the way for the Secretary of State powers of intervention in relation to water to be repealed.
Under the Government of Wales Act 2006, the Secretary of State currently holds powers to intervene if he believes an Assembly Bill, or the exercise of a devolved function, risks having a serious adverse impact on water resources, water supply or water quality in England.
The protocol replaces these intervention powers with a reciprocal agreement between the UK and Welsh Governments.
Secretary of State for Wales Alun Cairns said:
"The UK Government is today acting on its commitment to deliver a water protocol so that the interests of water consumers in Wales – and those in England – are protected.
"From today onwards, no action or inaction by either the UK or Welsh Governments relating to water resources, water supply or water quality should have serious adverse impacts for consumers on either side of the border.
"This protocol demonstrates how far we have come from the events of 52 years ago, which resulted in the flooding of the Tryweryn Valley. Today’s agreement puts cross-border arrangements for water on a footing fit for the 21st century and underlines what can be achieved when two governments work together for Wales’ future prosperity.
"These are powers which affect the lives of everyone living in Wales and are a major step towards the clearer, stronger and fairer devolution settlement that the UK Government is putting in place for the people of Wales."
Environment Secretary Michael Gove said:
"Across the UK we have a shared interest in protecting our environment and delivering a Green Brexit.
"The new water protocol for England and Wales is an important part of this shared interest and will make sure water resources, supply and quality are safeguarded for consumers on both sides of the border.
"We must all continue to work closely together on the environment, fisheries and agriculture as powers are returned from the European Union."
The intervention powers will be repealed when the new reserved powers model of devolution put in place by the Wales Act 2017 comes into effect on 1 April next year.
You can read the protocol here. | <urn:uuid:a6123afc-e34d-48d6-bd74-c5040bc54339> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.public-sector.co.uk/article/6e26326772478f643e747887278febf6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400228707.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200925182046-20200925212046-00583.warc.gz | en | 0.93577 | 594 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Difference between revisions of "Leh"
Revision as of 12:34, 23 January 2013
Leh is located in the Indus river valley at a crossroads of the old trading routes from Kashgar, Tibet, and Kashmir. Its importance as a trading town slowed down with the partition of British India, and ended with the closure of the border in 1962 during the Sino-Indian war. Since opening to tourists in 1974, it has become a bustling tourist town, with large numbers of Kashmiri traders. Since 2000, domestic (Indian) tourists have started visiting Ladakh, with a dramatic increase in 2010 after the movie 3 Idiots.
It's a small town, easy to get most places by foot. The old town is a compact area of mud brick houses and narrow lanes directly to the east of Main Bazar. Changspa is the agricultural "suburb" northwest of the center, with many guesthouses.
The main Bazaar's elevation is 3505 meters , so take it easy on your first few days there or risk possible altitude sickness. Even experienced high altitude travellers (Andes) might have some trouble.
There are two roads in to Leh, one from Manali in Himachal Pradesh in the south, and one from Srinagar in the west. Both routes are equally spectacular in different ways, and both are time consuming with winding, narrow roads, and numerous military checkpoints.
The main advantage of taking the road from Srinagar, covering a distance of 434 km (270 mi), is that it runs at a lower altitude, and thereby reduces the risk and severity of altitude sickness. It is also open longer - normally from the beginning of June to October - and follows the traditional trade route between Ladakh and Kashmir, which passes through many picturesque villages and farmlands. The disadvantage is that it passes through areas of higher risk of militant troubles. It takes two long days, with an overnight stop in Kargil. Tickets cost Rupees 370/470 on ordinary/deluxe buses.
The route from Manali to Leh, covering a distance of 473 km (294 mi), is one more commonly taken by tourists. It takes two days, normally with an overnight stop either in Kyelong (alt. 3096) or in tent accommodation in Sarchu (4253) or Pang (4500). Making the first stop in Keylong drastically reduces the risk of altitude sickness (AMS). It traverses one of the highest road passes in the world and is surrounded by wild rugged mountains. The scenery is fantastic, though it is definitely not for the faint hearted. This historical trade route was linked to Yarkhand and was severed by the India-China war in 1962, and later was transformed in to military supply road. Reliable access is limited from mid-June to end-September, as it is blocked by snow for rest of the year.
Clearing of snow on both these roads starts sometime in early April. Once the whole road is cleared of snow and has been opened for public transport, this is announced at:
State buses run from Srinagar and also privately operated deluxe buses.From Manali HPTDC,( Himachal Pradesh Tourist Development Corporation), operate Deluxe buses that stop overnight in Keylong , between July and September. Costs Rs 2000.HRTC , Himachal Road Transport Corporation, the state run buses ply the road during the officially open period, allowing you to stop in a number of places along the way. Total cost Rs. 130 (Manali-Keylong) + Rs 513(Keylong-Leh) . Private buses stop in Keylong , Darcha or Sarchu - the last alternative (eight hundred meters higher than Leh ) involving a high incidence of altitude sickness. There is also a direct bus from Manali to Leh, which takes around 24 hours. This route is not advisable as it dramatically increases the likelihood of altitude sickness. On some buses late booking passengers end up having a wooden bench instead of more comfortable seats, with no seatbelts, and will be repeatedly banging their head for the whole journey. Sleep in next to impossible, and by the end of the journey even the most hardy of passengers in this position will have lost the will to live. Drivers also have a tendency to cut corners; on one particular journey our driver drove down a muddy hill, before we got stuck and were forced to dig ourselves out in the freezing dark for two hours before we could continue. Notwithstanding, the views on this route are spectacular. It is possible to book tickets direct Delhi-Leh , but the best option is to break off the journey in Manali and at the lower end of Lahaul : Sissu , Keylong (main population center) or Jispa - all around 3100 altitude.
The fastest way to get to Leh from Manali is by 'jeep'. Shared jeeps do the trip in one long day (of about 20-24 hours) as opposed to two short ones on the bus. Keep in mind that that all single day rides comes with a risk of being stranded near five thousand meters without being acclimatized , with severe altitude sickness as a result. The journey costs up to Rs 1500 for a seat on a shared jeep. During the high season tickets for the jeep rides must be bought in advance of the day of departure and the main street in old Manali is full of ticket touts, you won't have to find them for yourself.
Leaving Manali before dawn, arrival in Leh is sometime after sunset. Although this is the longest and most uncomfortable car journey you will ever take it's an experience unparalleled in India. Crossing overthe five thousand meter passes affords views of stunning and the bizarre territory. It is advised to take a front seat in the jeep and by NO MEANS allow yourself to be seated in the boot. These seats (in the boot) are inward facing and 24 hours sitting on one of those will take all the pleasure out of the trip.
A privately hired jeep allows the luxury of stopping wherever you like, and allow you to decide on how many people you will travel in your group. If you have a group of five, or can form one with other travellers, this is the most recommended way to get to Leh. While it might be one of the most expensive things you book in the whole of India (around 3000 rupees), the ability to stop whenever you want, take your time and be comfortable for the whole journey is definitely worth it. On the uncomfortable and lengthy bus ride the experience can often be ruined. It is at least worth taking a private jeep on one of your journeys to really get a level of appreciation for the spectacular scenery at your own pace.
If you are coming from Srinagar, go to #1 taxi stand in town. Book only your seat on sumo taxi jeep to Kargil for Rs. 500. Stay overnight. Book your seat for Leh from Kargil and pay 400 rupees upon arrival in Leh. Get them to drop you at Fort Road which is the heart of the tourist area and accommodation is close by. Make sure you ask for middle seat in the taxi. Too crowded in the front and too uncomfortable in the back. Fantastic scenery for whole two days.
If you are coming from Leh, you can buy tickets either from various agencies around the town, or directly from office located in bus station. It is in the first floor of the nortern (uphill) building, doors facing away from the buses. Price there was Rs. 1500 for front seat in September 2009, and the ride down to Manali took 23 hours starting midnight.
It is also possible to travel between Leh and Manali by truck. These trucks ply the route when it opens in summer and they will be no new sight for anyone who has been in India for even a few days. Making the 490 km (304 mi) journey in the cab of one of these trucks is an experience; they are not as comfortable as the jeeps, nor do they give as good visibility as either jeeps or buses, and take anywhere up to 3 days to complete; but sleeping in the cab and eating the same food as the locals is worth it. You can pre-arrange truck drivers in Manali by going to the main truck stop in the new town. Here the drivers stop on their way from Delhi to Leh and will be more than happy to give you a ride for 500 rupees. Make sure you don't pay before you travel. In Leh there is a similar truck park. Try to pick a truck with the least amount of passengers already otherwise your trip will be even less comfortable. Travelers staying longer in Ladakh are likely to find themselves traveling by truck at some point, and probably don't need to go out of their way to take one.
The road from Manali to Leh is often known as a Biker's Paradise. Bikes (motorcycles) are available for rent at Manali. A popular place is Hardev Motors - located behind the Private Bus Parking Ground. Also Into Himalayas, near Manali mall road is a great place for bikes, especially Enfields. If you are looking for Pulsars and Royal enfields, you can check Bike rentals manali. Their office is in Vashisht. Heard good reviews about them.
When biking to Leh it is advisable to travel at a slow pace to allow acclimatization. A suggested itinerary is: Day 1 Manali - Jispa (110 km; 68 mi), Day 2 Jispa - Pang (130 km; 81 mi), and Day 3 Pang -Leh (130 km; 81 mi). Essential supplies include: puncture repair kit, spare clutch cables and some good carriers (to hold luggage). The next bike workshop after Manali is Keylong (110 km; 68 mi) and then at Leh (400 km; 249 mi).
Planes fly year round, and are the only option in the winter. Book early and give yourself at least a few days of flexibility as flights are often delayed due to weather conditions. Air India, Jet Airways and GoAir have daily flights from Delhi. Air India Flights are also available from Srinagar, and Jammu.
Those arriving by air are strongly advised to rest for at least one day in order to acclimatize to the high altitude. (See article on altitude sickness)
When leaving, make sure you have a printed copy of your ticket, otherwise you will not be able to enter the airport.
The closest train stations are Pathankot or Chandigarh, both at least three days away by bus. A new station added recently is Udhampur which is linked by rail to Jammu. Please check the Train schedule as trains may not run on daily basis.
Leh is small enough to walk most places, most notable exception being the airport, for which it's advisable to take a taxi for around 100 to 150 Rupees. DO NOT walk the first day as you may be a victim of AMS.
For such a historic site and popular tourist destination, Leh has surprisingly few tourist sights:
There are many NGO's in Ladakh working out of Leh doing important work, many of them taking on travelers who want to stop and volunteer for a few months.
Main Bazaar and the surrounding streets have numerous shops selling souvenirs, mostly Tibetan antiques or replicas. The Tibetan market is a good place to buy little jewelery, souvenirs, and various other goodies.
There are half a dozen good book shops with an excellent range of books on the Himalayas, including guidebooks, phrase-books, books on history, and on Buddhism, as well as novels.
People needing to pick up some warm clothing shouldn't miss out on the second hand clothing bazaar near the jeep stand. Quality used clothing from first world countries goes for next to nothing here, especially handy if you are only in the cooler climate for a little while.
Leh also has the best selection of food for trekking albeit not all that different from normal instant noodles, biscuits, powdered milk and chocolate that's available in any village with a shop, but with the addition of fresh and dry fruit and veggies, and a few other luxury foods.
Main Bazaar has a few sweet shops selling samosas, chana dhal with puri, and other Indian food in addition to the sweets. The shopping areas of the old town and the area around the bus station are good for Tibetan styled restaurants, although few offer more than thukpa (noodle soup) and momos (dumplings). Vegetarian dishes are difficult to find in these places.
You can enjoy some great fresh baked breads with honey and cheese in the main market of Leh.
Main Bazar has a decent selection of mid range Tibetan styled restaurants, popular with tourists and locals. In the summer numerous garden restaurants spring up in Changspa serving Tibetan, Western, and Indian dishes. Also, OpenHand Shop and Cafe around the Old Fort Road has good South African, and Continental Cuisine. The place also has good western coffee, and some good Indian Textiles.
There is little in the way of nightlife in Leh. You can order a beer at many of the restaurants, but they close fairly early. For a more adventurous alternative, ask around the old town (or your guest house owner) for Chang the local home brew beer. It goes for about 15 INR for a liter; bring your own bottle.
There are a few springs scattered around Leh that provide a natural and plastic free alternative to using bottled water.
Clean filtered and boiled water is available from shops, such as the organic food shop, and guest houses.
Leh has a large selection of mid-range accommodation, with some offering decent value. If you're coming from Manali you might find the selection somewhat limited, with attached bathrooms offering hot water somewhat hard to find. There are very few, if any, touts that are so common elsewhere in India, so looking around for accommodation here is much easier and less stressful as a result.
Most of the guest houses are located in Leh's northern suburbs in Changspa, Karzoo and surrounding areas, a 5 to 30 minute walk from the center. In fact it seems as though most of the houses in Changspa have been converted to guest houses. Surrounded by farmers fields and often with excellent views, they make wonderful place to spend a couple weeks unwinding. It's easy to wander around this area stopping at the numerous small guest houses to find something that suits your budget and needs.
Hotel Tsomo-Ri, Fort Road, Leh Ladakh Tel: +91 9419178031 In The Heart of Leh City, All facilities Available
Hotel Tso Kar, Fort Road, Leh Ladakh, Call +91 9419178663, .. Highly Recommended.
The Pangong Hotel, Near Fort Road, Leh, Ladakh. Call +91 9419003769, 9858394401, (0) 1982 258665, (0) 1982 253123 email: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.org Nice accomodation with a good view. Great facilities and in the heart of the city. Highly Recommended for Family Travel. (They might ask for some advance amount if you try to make a reservation through phone.)
Royal Heritage Resort, FortRoad,leh,Ladhakh-194101(India) Telephone +91-01982-255988, +91-01982-252688 Email: email@example.com Url- http://www.royalheritageresortleh.com
A highly recommended resort. Has spacious rooms and log huts and a very hospitable staff
Tsemarang Eco Camp http://tsemarang.nomadslandcamps.com/ or how to be next to Leh in the middle of the nature. From 5 to 7 000 INR per night
Hotel SpicnSpan www.spicnspanladakh.com. This is about Rs 2,500 per night
Hotel Golden Dragon. This is about Rs 5,000 per night
Hotel Whispering Willows. Located at Shey, the old capital of Ladakh, around 10km from Leh.
Leh is still in the early days of the communications revolution, and some Internet cafes use long distance, poor quality phone lines for dial-up. These are not only expensive, but also unreliable. But the scene is changing fast, now you can find many satellite run internet cafes and also mobile/cellphone services (BSNL, Airtel) in Leh.
Mobile phones from outside Kashmir will not work in Kashmir, so warn your loved ones beforehand that you may be out of touch and start writing postcards. The numerous centers for international calls are fairly reasonably priced. Kashmir specific SIM cards can be readily rented for a nominal charge.
Computers used are mostly samsung which have automatic recovery of EC2. There are no easy ways to get crashed computers or laptops repaired in Leh. There is a large samsung dealer shop in the Leh Main Market.
Leh is one of the safest places in India.
Carry a torch (flashlight) at night, as there is next to no street lighting, and there are some very deep drainage ditches. Beware of stray street dogs as they get aggressive and sometimes territorial after dark, especially in the inner alleys and around eateries.
Ladakh was struck with serious floods and mud slides in August 2010. The airport was operational within days , and the major roads and bridges after a few weeks , and Manali-Leh was re-routed temporaily , until October after Rumtse , making it more than a hundred kilometers longer. The road was fully operational in October 2010.
It is vital have your first acclimatization nights after arriving at altitudes over 3000 meters before venturing to higher altitudes. This means not going for the tent camps at Sarchu (4300) or Pang (4500) directly from Manali , i.e. no longer than Darcha the first night. All overnight stays are not planned , in September 2008 the Air Force had to evacuate travellers with altitude sickness from Sarchu in after massive snowfall, and landslides are not uncommon. Not allowing your body to acclimatize can result in altitude sickness, which has only one cure - turning back! Likewise stay absolute minimum two nights in after a fly in before thinking of going higher. So give yourself two nights to acclimatize and explore the city before you head to higher grounds.
If you are traveling from Delhi to Leh by road, the route which enables better acclimatization is via Shimla, and then towards Kinnaur & Spiti , which gives several acclimatization nights between 2000 to 3000 : Sarahan (2134), Kalpa (2800 ), Tabo (3265). After Kaza (3660) and the Kunzum La (4550) the road connects with the Manali-Leh highway just north of the Rothang pass.
If arriving by flight, rest at least over the first night before starting sightseeing, consider visiting Alchi first since it is lower than Leh .
Diamox is available over the counter in India (as opposed to all Western countries )and can be used with varying success to speed up acclimatization. Those that are allergic to sulfa medication can not use Diamox, and there are side effects to be considered : this needs to be discussed with a doctor beforehand. Information on Diamox, including a chart that offers recommendations on usage, can be found on the U. S. Center for Disease Control web site.
Unfortunately the Leh bus station is far from a highlight, it's chaotic and poorly organised. There are two sections, one for local transportation within Ladakh, and one for the state run buses.
The local buses get exceptionally crowded, times of departure fluctuate greatly, and there is no ticket office (just board the bus, and pay to the conductor). When planing a trip to a destination in Ladakh ask around to find when the departure time roughly is, and show up at the station half an hour early; ask people there what bus to take, don't trust the destinations marked on the buses; take a seat and wait for the bus to depart. Then expect to spend at least an hour at the bus station.
The state buses run to Srinagar, Manali, and even a direct service to Delhi (3 days away), there is a ticket office, and bookings are taken days in advance. The process here is more straight forward and less time consuming.
Taxis have fixed prices (updated every 2 years) and can be arranged from the Taxi Stand along Fort Road. When available, you may also purchase a copy of the fare-booklet for Rs 20.
Explore the Leh district. | <urn:uuid:ae957552-0ffa-4eeb-9283-912af802b60f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wikitravel.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Leh&curid=10493&diff=1985978&oldid=1985977 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280319.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00561-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955286 | 4,361 | 2.640625 | 3 |
VBA Macros for Solving Problems in Water Chemistry
This web page contains links to an Adobe Acrobat formatted text file that contains instructions for writing Visual Basic for Application (VBA) macros within Microsoft Excel (i.e., the application), and several Excel spreadsheets that contain sample VBA programs. Upon opening each spreadsheet you will need to 'enable macros' before they can be executed (i.e., run). All the macros are linked to ActiveX control buttons on the spreadsheets, making them easy to run. The author retains all copyrights.
Downloads (clink on the underlined links):
This Acrobat file contains the instructions for writing VBA macros in Excel and further explanations on each of the sample spreadsheets below. (15 pages)
An Excel spreadsheet that contains an example VBA macro that shows how to: (i) dimension variables and arrays, (ii) write 'For . . . Next' loops, (iii) read and write to the spreadsheet, (iv) format common mathematical expressions, and (v) do other common programming operations.
Introduction to VBA.xls
A simple spreadsheet than contains some user-defined functions (volume of a cylinder, roots to the quadratic equation, and the sin of an angle measured in degrees).
A spreadsheet that calculates buffer composition and draws the pC-pH diagram of a simple acid.
A spreadsheet that solves a system of three equations and three unknowns by Newton-Raphson iterations. The 'recipe' for the problem is the same as 'Case 3' on page 60-63 in the text "Principles and Applications of Aquatic Chemistry" by Morel and Hering.
Case 3 p60 in Morel & Hering.xls
A spreadsheet that solves a system of 2 simultaneous ordinary differential equations (ODE's) with Euler's method. The example case is the transport of tetrachloroethylene in a stratified lake - Lake Greifensee, Switzerland - presented on pages 551-574 in "Environmental Organic Chemistry" by Schwarzenbach, Gschwend & Imboden. The 2 ODE's are eqs 15-30a and 15-30b (p. 569) in the text.
The central difference solution to the 1-D diffusion equation with an impulse input at the center of the media. The numerical solution is calculated with a VBA macro and is compared to the analytical solution calculated directly on the spreadsheet. A second macro calculates the mass under the concentration profile with Simpson's Method.
Return to Jafvert's Homepage
Problem 1 Eulers Method.xls | <urn:uuid:2cb6edf0-1528-42df-83bd-8eb7d4d36fcf> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://engineering.purdue.edu/~jafvert/Macros/Macros.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528433.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420000959-20190420021735-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.847589 | 549 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The page table stored on behalf of a single process might look like this:
7FFFFFFF80234 maps to 835432
0000DDEE65111 maps to 45D834
many additional entries
0000A9CF9AAAF maps to 12387B
0x7FFFFFFF80234230 & 0xFFF = 0x230
0x230 | (0x835432 << 12) = 0x835432230
Many, including the authors of your primary textbook, view the hard drive as the physical memory and main memory as a cache storing those pages from disk currently being accessed. This viewpoint has many advantages!
Executables (e.g. ls, pipeline-test, etc) are stored on disk and loaded into main memory when a process is created to run that executable.
As a general rule, every single virtual page of memory uniquely maps to a physical page of memory. However, Linux often ignores that rule for code and rodata segments, since code and global constants are read only.
In particular, multiple processes running emacs—there were 17 such processes running on myth63 at the time I constructed this slide—all map their code segment to the same pages in physical memory.
As main memory becomes saturated, the OS will evict pages that have become inactive and flush them to the hard drive, often in a special file called a swap file.
For instance, at the time of I created this slide, myth53 had one process running vi that had been idle for 5 days.
The VM page mappings of that vi process have almost certainly been discarded and will only be remapped when the user interacts with that vi session again (or when someone else launches vi). The state of memory needed to eventually continue would have, at some point, been written to disk. | <urn:uuid:3ec93688-2f2d-4342-8541-dc799a31e91b> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://slides.com/jerrycainjr/12-autumn-21/fullscreen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358903.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130015517-20211130045517-00016.warc.gz | en | 0.954419 | 387 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The sight of our own shadows can affect our sense of touch. That's according to Francesco Pavani and Giovanni Galfano who have shown that seeing the shadow of a part of your body automatically directs your tactile attention to that body part.
Forty-two participants sat with their hands held in front of them. Two lamps above allowed shadows of their hands to be cast just beyond their real hands.
Throughout, the participants' task was to use a foot pedal (toe or heel) as quickly and accurately as possible to indicate where small lights appeared or vibrations were felt. The lights and vibrations, which occurred at the participants' index fingers or thumbs, were possible thanks to special gloves that the participants were wearing. Lights could also appear at the location of the shadows.
Sometimes, a couple of seconds before a light or vibration was delivered, a shadow of one or other of the participants' hands was cast beyond their real hands. These shadows weren't predictive - a hand shadow appearing didn't mean a light or vibration was more likely at the corresponding real hand. The key finding is the researchers found the participants were quicker and more accurate at responding to a vibration applied to one of their hands, if a shadow of that hand had been seen a couple of seconds earlier. This shows that seeing a shadow of their hand automatically enhanced participants' tactile attention to that hand.
The shadows didn't affect visual attention in the same way. For example, seeing the shadow of their right hand didn't lead participants to respond more quickly to the appearance of lights at their right hand, nor to lights appearing at the location of the shadow.
Moreover, the tactile-enhancing effect of the hand shadows was lost if the participants wore odd-shaped gloves that disfigured the shape of the shadows. Fake hand shadows with the right shape and location, but which obviously didn't move in synchrony with the participants' real hands, also failed to have the same enhancing effect on tactile attention. This shows a shadow has to be recognisable as cast by our own body part for it to exert its effect on our tactile attention.
“Body-shadows attract attention to the body location they refer to, rather than the portion of visual space the occupy”, the researchers said.
Pavani, F. & Galfano, G. (2007). Self-attributed body shadows modulate tactile attention. Cognition, 104, 73-88.
Post written by Christian Jarrett (@psych_writer) for the BPS Research Digest. | <urn:uuid:62083e6b-267c-4ebb-a776-4cc3709735ba> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2007/05/getting-in-touch-with-our-shadows.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541322.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00008-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96363 | 512 | 2.84375 | 3 |
How do measure your impact on society?
We often hear about millennials that are not satisfied with their jobs because they are feeling they are not impacting the world the way they would like to. But when I ask them: “How would you like to impact the world?”, the answer is often vague, as if it were a question they rarely accurately reflect on. But what is our definition of “impact”? Let’s begin by substituting it with the word “effect”. Together we will find a way to visualize the “effects” that our “outputs” have on the world. I will spend the next few lines (and your next 5 minutes) to walk together with you through the effects of your work, with the goal of starting a process in your brain to get a broader and clearer picture of what we are actually spending our time, health, talent and, eventually, happiness on.
For a matter of focus and simplicity, we are not going to discuss about interesting and really relevant effects such as personal growth and learning. We might just include a bit of serendipity in the process, but it will stay rather dry.
We can visualize the effects of our daily work as a tree. The trunk is the main direct effect of our job. We can have a tree for each of the roles, or projects we are working on. People working for the same organization will have trees from the same species. Normally I am a big fan of examples, but using the metaphor of the tree is enough for now.
The direct effects of our outputs and our work are obviously ending up on the branches (the first branches connected to the trunk of our tree). It is quite beautiful, isn’t it? These are the direct effects we have on people, machines or nature that are going to take the outputs we generated, and that will treat them as their new inputs. To keep the categorization easier I would focus on two types of outputs: functional and emotional (we may argue that emotional outputs have functional consequences, so feel free to add as much complexity to the piece of nature you are creating).
Now it is a matter of continuing with the consequential series of branches, from input to output, where sometimes a branch will branch off in turn into a single, smaller branch, sometimes into two or three or ten.
This process goes on until you reach the leaves. The leaves are your effect on individuals in the wider world. From the last, tiniest branches, and the connection to the leaves, stays the general purpose, or the general “outputs”, of your organization (forget profit for a while). The crown represents the general output of your company, or project, or business unit. How complex to make it and to focus, this is up to you, since we often talk about multi-products, multi-purpose, multi-service companies.
It is possible to zoom in the leaves and look at the veins that are still branching off into smaller ones. This helps us to visualize the consequential chain of events once the effects of our outputs reach society. What are the inputs and outputs of every branch and every vein of our tree?
When do we start losing track of our company consequential effects on society? This happens when a leaf falls off and slowly and softly it lies down on the ground. At this point they start coming together with the leaves from other trees making the effect of the various outputs difficult to distinguish. What was the tree of origin? The leaves will become then soil and will start nurturing the roots of your very own tree. The roots that represent the consequential chain of input and outputs that brought where you are now, that brought you to your trunk.
We are finished with the beta version of our tree. There are variations of course. What if your organization is trading business to business? Our tree might have no leaves and branch off directly to the tree of someone else (a different species of tree, therefore a different business), until we finally reach a tree with leaves. It is not that hard to imagine, you can just visualize the image of a jungle where a leafless tree has lianas which connect to other super green trees.
What about other professions, jobs, roles that do not involve being part of a corporation?
A PhD student might work for many years without seeing any leaves result from their work. On the other hand, many others will directly branch off into leaves, as we can imagine in a cactus (with cactus thorns or flowers).
What about an elementary school teacher? It might be the greenest of all the plants!
Which plant or tree should a doctor or a lawyer be?
Are NGOs (the good ones) looking like a pine or a giant sequoia?
This was just to offer some inspiration, it does not have to be rigorous. Maybe it might help you to understand what is the type of impact that you want to have on the world and the type of impact you are having right now. If they match, well done! It would be great if you could find creative ways that apply to your specific situation and it would be interesting to hear your thought about this. What does your tree look like? | <urn:uuid:aa3f902a-1388-4eeb-b910-b9a7d52aeb9c> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.wedowe.org/blog/the-tree-of-impact | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247518425.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222135147-20190222161147-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.969964 | 1,075 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Starting Points is a one school year (9 month/34 week) worldview course offered through One Day Academy for students ages 12-18.
Starting Points introduces the core teachings of the Christian faith and guides the student in establishing their own Christian worldview, identifying worldviews in literature and media, and articulating and defending their own Christian worldview of reality.
The Apostle Paul writing in 1 Thessalonians 5:21 explains that Christians are to "examine everything carefully." We are to be examining ideas- testing and proving all things- discerning which ideas are true from the vast array of ideas that are flowing from society. He then explains that we are to "hold fast to that which is good."
EXAMINING ... EVALUATING ... EMBRACING
These three words represent the focus of STARTING POINTS!
The purpose of Starting Points is to foster within the student a passion and commitment to a lifelong pursuit of Truth. The student will develop a Biblical worldview that seeks a better understanding of God as Creator, Jesus as Redeemer, the Holy Spirit as Helper, and our self in relation to God and the world in which we live.
Starting Points is a place where students can pursue guided personal reflection, interact in peer-to-peer challenging dialogue, ask curious questions with confidence and without fear, read and respond to Christian nonfiction and fiction, and be exposed to powerful personal life stories, or testimonies, of people from the past and present who have come to faith in Christ from very different backgrounds and experiences.
The student will develop critical thinking and writing skills by learning to:
DEVELOP a Biblical framework for your own life.
RECOGNIZE assumptions, ASSESS ideas and EXAMINE viewpoints and worldviews presented in literature, media and culture.
FOLLOW the logic and strategies for clearly communicating and defending the Biblical world view to seekers and skeptics.
A variety of learning methods will be used including:
Reading for comprehension and analysis
Workbook Q & A
Student led inquiry and discussion
The curriculum also incorporates popular movies and apologetic readings through which the student is challenged in reading comprehension, critical analysis and various studies on topics such as God, the Bible, evil, morality, human nature, spirituality, apologetics, culture, and competing worldviews.
to the student...
DINoSAURS IN THE BIBLE?
When I was in 7th grade I remember sitting in my 3rd period science class and getting into a discussion about God with the kid beside me. I don't remember how it started but I clearly remember him asking me a question about the Bible that I had no clue how to answer. He got me! I was stumped. His question to me was, "So did Adam and Eve live with the dinosaurs millions of years ago? That would make them cave man and cave woman, right?" I hadn't even thought about it like that. So after school I peddled my bike home as fast I could so I could ask my dad that question. I was fortunate that my dad was also a pastor. I knew he'd have an answer for me and he did. Sitting in our living room, he opened up his worn black leather KJV Bible to Genesis chapter one and began teaching me the Biblical truths about the origins of mankind and God's creation. We read Scripture and talked until dinner time. Later that year for Christmas I asked my parents for a Bible just like my dad's. I still have it to this day. That was my first experience with Biblical apologetics (defending the faith) and articulating my Christian world view.
cAN I ASK A QUESTION?
You are at the perfect age to be asking and searching the answers to questions like, "Where did we come from?" "Why are we here?" "What happens when we die?" Or even specific questions about God, such as "Is there a God?" "How can I know God?" "What makes my God better than your God?" This is the course where you can ask questions about thoughts you've had, or like when I got stumped in 7th grade, you'll be introduced to questions you've never thought about but now you want to know!
where do i sign up?
STARTING POINTS IS JUST THE START!
The Starting Points course is preparatory to the high school courses Worldviews of the Western World I, II, and III also offered through One Day Academy. Although Starting Points is not required before taking Worldviews, it is an advantageous introduction. For a description of all the Worldviews courses offered through One Day Academy, click here. | <urn:uuid:5fa8f7f8-768a-4733-9089-57df31cb3706> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://sites.google.com/view/startingpoints | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662595559.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526004200-20220526034200-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.960245 | 977 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Studies suggest that cancer cases may be prevented through a healthy lifestyle and balanced diets. It is a known fact that a balanced diet helps to maintain a healthy body weight, which can itself reduce the risk of many cancers. The link between diet and cancer is complex and difficult to understand. This is because our diet is made up of lots of different foods and nutrients. Many of these do affect the risk of contracting cancer.
Food obtained from plants is highly effective against cancer. The presence of phytonutrients tends to reduce the risk of cancer and help in the treatment of the same.
Listed below are some effective foods that may lower the risk of cancer. Go ahead and take a look.
Green vegetables are an excellent source of nutrients and are rich in minerals and antioxidants. These contain essential anti-bacterial properties which sublime the tumor formation cells and kill the cancer cells accordingly. You can eat cooked green vegetables or simply go for raw juices to intake all the essential nutrients to the fullest.
Citrus fruits are a perfect example of food rich in phytochemicals and various antioxidants. The most important of all – the carotenoid antioxidant is an essential element for boosting up the immune system and improving the general health of the vital organs of the body. Citrus fruits are definitely the must-have foods for the prevention of cancer.
Not just any dairy product, but the foods actually recommended are the probiotic ones that help fight tumor development and curb the growth of cancer cells on a large scale. Examples of a few of the above are raw milk and its various products like cheese and yogurt. The essential proteins also help strengthen the body and give it a healthy look.
Essential oils like coconut oil, virgin olive oil are the best food ingredients that help prevent cancer in a highly efficient manner. Also, they aid in the functionality of the nervous system and strengthen the muscles and thus help in effective cancer care. Food cooked in these oils serves the most important and highly definitive functionality to fight cancer effectively on their own terms.
Cancer-fighting agents are not simply restricted to a complete vegetarian diet. One is advised to consume seafood like salmon and sardines which contain essential omega-3 fatty acid that regulates the nervous system and fights tumor formation to curb the growth of cancer on a greater scale.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered…
A bone marrow transplant also called stem cell transplant is a procedure that infuses…
A heart transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing the failing,… | <urn:uuid:1797b3c3-fa34-490b-be78-8cd654161bf3> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.manipalhospitals.com/blog/5-healthy-food-that-lowers-the-risk-of-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585504.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022084005-20211022114005-00603.warc.gz | en | 0.945601 | 521 | 3.1875 | 3 |
For decades, taxis have been operated by human drivers. That may soon change, however, as many automotive companies are now developing self-driving taxis. In this report, you'll learn more about the robot taxis market.
- Advertising -
Wouldn't it be great if taxis could operate without a human driver behind the wheel? While it may sound like science fiction, the technology for autonomous taxis is already here. Known as a driverless taxi or robo taxi, it's essentially a self-driving vehicle that's used for ride-hailing services.
How does a robo taxi work exactly? Robo taxis function using the same mechanism as other self-driving vehicles. Rather than requiring a human driver to operate the robo taxi, they use high-tech sensors and systems.
- Advertising -
A typical robo taxi features a network of sensors that detect other cars and objects in the taxi's surrounding environment. They also use navigation systems to automatically guide the taxi to the customer's intended destination. The combination of sensors and a navigation system allow robo taxis to operate just like other taxis but without a human driver behind the wheel.
Of course, robo taxis offer a variety of benefits when compared to traditional human driver-operated taxis, one of which is cost savings. It's expensive for ride-hailing services to hire and pay human drivers to operate taxis. Depending on the particular type of ride-hailing service, a human driver may earn up to 50% of the total cost of a ride. With robo taxis, however, ride-hailing services can eliminate this expense. At the same time, these ride-hailing services can pass the savings down to their customers, allowing for cheaper rides.
In addition to cost savings, robo taxis offer a safer riding experience for customers. While robo taxis are still a relatively new concept, they've been proven safer than conventional taxis. With conventional taxis, there's a risk for human error. If the driver makes a mistake, it could result in injury to one or more passengers. Robo taxis, on the other hand, are operated automatically using a computer system, so there is no risk of human error.
The Robo-Taxi Market to 2027 - Global Analysis and Forecasts by Service Type (Car Rental, Station-Based); Application (Goods Transportation, Passenger Transportation); Component (Camera, Lidar, Radar, Ultrasonic Sensors); Level of Autonomy (Level 4, Level 5); Propulsion (Electric, Fuel Cell, Hybrid); Vehicle (Car, Van/Shuttle… Geography report by The Insight Partners is a comprehensive study of the global robot taxis market. In this report, you'll discover the market's size, classifications, chain structure, growth drivers, growth challenges and more.
Some of the key robo taxi vendors profiled in this report include Daimler AG, Ford Motor Company, GM Cruise LLC, Lyft, Inc., nuTonomy, Tesla, Uber Technologies Inc., Volkswagen, Volvo Car Corporation and Waymo LLC. | <urn:uuid:a09e6b2a-41a8-4267-8564-82b295a4f05f> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.whatech.com/market-research/news/614217-new-report-cranks-up-the-robot-taxis-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347432521.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603081823-20200603111823-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.924558 | 621 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Government and Racism
The controversy surrounding remarks by talk show host Don Imus shows that the nation remains incredibly sensitive about matters of race, despite the outward progress of the last 40 years. A nation that once prided itself on a sense of rugged individualism has become uncomfortably obsessed with racial group identities.
The young women on the basketball team Mr. Imus insulted are over 18 and can speak for themselves. It's disconcerting to see third parties become involved and presume to speak collectively for minority groups. It is precisely this collectivist mindset that is at the heart of racism.
It's also disconcerting to hear the subtle or not-so-subtle threats against free speech. Since the FCC regulates airwaves and grants broadcast licenses, we're told it's proper for government to forbid certain kinds of insulting or offensive speech in the name of racial and social tolerance. Never mind the 1st Amendment, which states unequivocally that, "Congress shall make NO law."
Let's be perfectly clear: the federal government has no business regulating speech in any way. Furthermore, government as an institution is particularly ill suited to combating bigotry in our society. Bigotry at its essence is a sin of the heart, and we can't change people's hearts by passing more laws and regulations.
In fact it is the federal government more than anything else that divides us along race, class, religion, and gender lines. Government, through its taxes, restrictive regulations, corporate subsidies, racial set-asides, and welfare programs, plays far too large a role in determining who succeeds and who fails in our society. This government "benevolence" crowds out genuine goodwill between men by institutionalizing group thinking, thus making each group suspicious that others are receiving more of the government loot. This leads to resentment and hostility between us.
The political left argues that stringent federal laws are needed to combat racism, even as they advocate incredibly divisive collectivist policies.
Racism is simply an ugly form of collectivism, the mindset that views humans strictly as members of groups rather than individuals. Racists believe that all individuals who share superficial physical characteristics are alike: as collectivists, racists think only in terms of groups. By encouraging Americans to adopt a group mentality, the advocates of so-called "diversity" actually perpetuate racism. Their obsession with racial group identity is inherently racist.
The true antidote to racism is liberty. Liberty means having a limited, constitutional government devoted to the protection of individual rights rather than group claims. Liberty means free-market capitalism, which rewards individual achievement and competence, not skin color, gender, or ethnicity.
More importantly, in a free society every citizen gains a sense of himself as an individual, rather than developing a group or victim mentality. This leads to a sense of individual responsibility and personal pride, making skin color irrelevant. Rather than looking to government to correct our sins, we should understand that racism will endure until we stop thinking in terms of groups and begin thinking in terms of individual liberty. | <urn:uuid:de9b99c5-52de-489d-b054-45175d037209> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://votesmart.org/public-statement/252912/government-and-racism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930866.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00300-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95312 | 615 | 2.875 | 3 |
Secondary Science of Mining
Mineral resource development requires expertise in all fields of science. This resource consists of lab activities that mimic the mining process. It introduces rocks and minerals as non-renewable resources, environmental assessments and impacts at mine sites, the value of minerals in daily life, and the techniques involved in ore extraction, processing, and refining.
The experiment materials for the Science of Mining unit may be ordered from MineralsEd.($50.00) | <urn:uuid:394d2d96-77df-4347-9588-d305796a6c6a> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://mineralsed.ca/learning-resources/teacher-resources/mineralsed-resource-units/science-of-mining-a-resource-unit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039749562.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121173523-20181121195523-00293.warc.gz | en | 0.89254 | 95 | 2.84375 | 3 |
This gorgeous ornamental grass is native only in the Edwards Plateau region of Central Texas, but has become widely used in the nursery trade. And for good reason: the sharp bluish-gray foliage and seed heads create a striking addition to any garden. These perennial ornamentals look especially at home in a xeriscape, planted with other low water-use plants like blackfoot daisy and Copper Canyon daisies.
The plant itself gets only 2 to 3 feet tall and wide, but once it’s in bloom, the flowers spikes can extend that another 2 to 3 feet. Since they fill in quite nicely all the way to the ground, Lindheimer’s muhly, also known as big muhly, creates a very nice screen when planted in a hedge row.
Big muhly is native to dry prairies and rocky outcrops, but it can tolerate a little extra moisture if rainfall is high and your soil is a bit heavy. It easily thrives in the full, hot sun with very little water, so once established, you can virtually ignore this plant.
The native species have lovely pale-gray inflorescences, which are called panicles in grasses. Improved varieties with pale yellow and even reddish panicles are also available. One of the most popular is ‘Regal Mist,’ with deep pinkish-red flower spikes that develop in the late summer and add color to the garden into early winter, when most plants are going dormant and their color is fading. The fine, uniquely colored foliage also adds textural interest to the garden, in addition to color. Place big muhly in conspicuous areas of the garden, near walkways or in borders, and allow it to shine as sculptural element, all year long.
In winter, it will go dormant. Do leave it as long as you can, because it provides protection for overwintering butterflies and other creatures. In February, go ahead and cut it back to make way for new growth. Toss the old leaves in the compost pile. Very quickly, birds will gather them to line their nests | <urn:uuid:53032c80-ccac-441c-a74d-17d97b24a91e> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.centraltexasgardener.org/resource/lindheimers-muhly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027331485.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826085356-20190826111356-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.937445 | 434 | 2.9375 | 3 |
WASHINGTON — People who have big bellies in their 40s are much more likely to get Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia in their 70s, according to new research that links the middle-age spread to fading minds for the first time.
Surprisingly, a sizable stomach seems to increase the risk even among those who are not obese, or even overweight, the researchers reported in a paper published online Wednesday by the journal Neurology.
"A large belly independent of total weight is a potent predictor of dementia," said Rachel Whitmer, a research scientist at the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, who led the study.
The findings are alarming in light of America's growing girth, Whitmer and other experts said.
"If these findings are replicated and better understood, it looks like an unhealthy brain could be another consequence of this epidemic of obesity," said Lenore Launer of the National Institute on Aging.
The research is the latest evidence that fat in the abdomen is the most dangerous kind.
Previous studies have linked the apple-shaped physique to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease and even cancer.
Researchers suspect that those fat cells are the worst because of their proximity to major organs. They ooze noxious chemicals, stoking inflammation, constricting blood vessels and triggering other processes that might also damage brain cells.
"There is a lot of work out there that suggests that the fat wrapped around your inner organs is much more metabolically active than other types of fat right under the skin," Whitmer said. "It's pumping out toxic substances. It's very potent toxic fat."
Whitmer and her colleagues analyzed data from 6,583 members of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California health care whose belly fat was calculated as part of a broad health study between 1964 and 1973.
The researchers examined whether there was a link between abdominal obesity between the ages of 40 and 45 and the chances of developing Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia by the time they hit their 70s between 1994 and 2006.
The risk for dementia, the researchers found, increased steadily with the amount of fat in the abdomen, even after accounting for alternative explanations, such as other diseases, bad habits and lower education. They found no such association for thigh fat.
The researchers used a complicated method for measuring fat known as sagittal abdominal diameter. Those with a SAD score above 25 had the biggest bellies and the greatest risk. That is roughly equivalent to a waist of at least 39 inches.
"The effect of the belly is over and above that of being overweight," Whitmer said. | <urn:uuid:c271b5f1-a715-4564-86d3-38dcffab84d3> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-03-27/news/0803261021_1_fat-cells-dementia-rachel-whitmer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375098924.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031818-00292-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964539 | 531 | 2.75 | 3 |
Just under half a mile south of the main A96 as it runs through rural Aberdeenshire north west of Inverurie is one of the most magnificent Pictish stone ever carved. The Maiden Stone is all of 3.2m high and stands just off to the side of a minor road a mile west of Chapel of Garioch and half a mile from the Macdonald Pittodrie House Hotel.
Judging from the style and subjects of the carving, the Maiden Stone was completed some time in the 800s, whereupon it was erected a few yards east of where it still stands today. As was common on later Pictish stones, the Maiden Stone was carved with Christian symbology on one side, and more traditional Pictish designs on the other.
As you approach along the path from the small car park you first see the east or "back" side of the stone, which also happens to be the better preserved of its faces. This is divided into four panels running down its length. From top to bottom these contain a scene of animals; a geometrical Pictish symbol; a "beast", possibly an idealised dolphin; and a mirror and comb.
The front, or west side, of the stone carries the vaguer depiction of a ring-headed cross surmounted by a person standing between two fish: perhaps this is intended to be Jonah. The bottom section of the front of the stone carries an extremely complex roundel design underneath the foot of the cross. The two narrow sides of the stone are also finely decorated with geometrical patterns.
And why is it known as the Maiden Stone? It is tempting to think that the mirror and comb design at the foot of the east face might suggest an association with a noble Pictish female, either as the sponsor of the stone or as the person it commemorated. The more popular story is that the daughter of a local laird made a wager with a stranger: that she could bake a large amount of bread before he could build a road to the top of Bennachie, the 1600ft hill whose summit is under two miles to the south. Unfortunately for her, the stranger was the Devil, and he won the bet. She tried to escape, but the Devil caught her on this spot and turned her to stone. The place where his hand touched her shoulder is still marked by the obvious notch in one side of the stone. | <urn:uuid:366ca813-2e34-49ae-95f5-8956ead931e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/inverurie/maidenstone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934808742.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20171124180349-20171124200349-00630.warc.gz | en | 0.976566 | 492 | 2.515625 | 3 |
CHICAGO (WLS) -- A new report on air quality from the American Lung Association found that Chicago is 18th most polluted city in the United States for ozone pollution, a significant change when the city was ranked 22nd last year.
Increased pollution puts people at risk for asthma attacks, lung cancer, and other serious health issues. The report says the air quality is further affected by rising global temperatures, and a big part of it is due to emissions from vehicles combined with heat in 2015, 2016, 2017, three of hottest years on record.
Chicago's air quality was rated an "F" for ozone. That's not sitting well with people who want to be active outside.
"I run to stay healthy, and the air quality is kind of counteracting that I guess," Keller said.
"A lot of people compare ozone to a sunburn on the lungs," said Jill Thompson, Chicago area communications manager for the American Lung Association.
When you breathe in ozone, it irritates and inflames all of your air passageways in your nose, throat, and lungs.
"For sunburn, you can put like sunscreen on, but what can you do for your lungs? Nothing, so you just kind of have to take it," Keller said.
Breathing in ozone can have even more worrying results.
"If you have asthma, if there's a particularly bad ozone pollution day, then it could trigger an asthma attack," Keller said.
The ALA said ozone can also trigger COPD episodes and even heart attacks for people with heart disease. High ozone levels are caused by vehicle exhaust, factories, and pollution in the city reacting with the sun - and ABC7 meteorologist Larry Mowry said the breeze is a factor, too.
"If the air isn't really moving, the ozone levels can build up around the city and make the higher ozone levels much worse," Mowry said.
So solutions include driving less, carpooling more, taking public transportation, and not cutting your grass on high ozone days.
There are positives from the report as well. In the last 14 years, we've made great strides overall. In 2005, there were 38 unhealthy ozone days. Last year, we had 14. We also had the lowest levels ever of both year-round particle pollution and short-term particle pollution which has been linked to cancer.
You can read the full report here: https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/
Chicago ranked 18th most polluted city, gets 'F' for ozone
More TOP STORIES News | <urn:uuid:d9d30764-eb9c-49fd-9b36-6a26945c0207> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://abc7chicago.com/5268896/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038060603.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411000036-20210411030036-00208.warc.gz | en | 0.968677 | 541 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Primary Prevention of violence against women was introduced to EDVOS in 2016. This provided EDVOS with the unique opportunity to work across the continuum of family violence from primary prevention, to early intervention, response and recovery.
The work of the Primary Prevention Team is to plan, implement and evaluate evidence-based projects that aim to address gender inequality, which is the underlying cause of violence against women. Our approach aims to change the social conditions that excuse, justify or promote violence against women and children in our community. Drivers of violence include:
- Condoning of violence against women
- Men’s control of decision-making and limits to women’s independence
- Stereotyped constructions of masculinity and femininity
- Disrespect towards women and male peer relations that emphasise aggression
At EDVOS, we use Change the Story – the National Our Watch Framework, to guide our prevention work. The Primary Prevention Team at EDVOS works in partnership with many organisations and stakeholders in the region including health and community services, local government, community groups, schools, early childhood services, neighbourhood houses and more!
Please contact us at email@example.com if you or your organisation is interested in working closely with us.
Children aged 0-6, families and early childhood professionals
- Level Playground: A project for parents, caregivers and early childhood educators that provides helpful information and activities to support them in the day to day work of raising children free from gender stereotypes. The Level Playground website has a collection of resources that are not limited by gender. Lots of activities and ideas can be found on the following topics of learn, play and read. Some of the things that you will find on the website include; booklists, posters, lesson plans, gender audit tools and a variety of play ideas plus much more. Level Playground also uses social media platforms to provide messages and resources on play ideas and activities, stories to read and gift giving ideas that help to breakdown some of the limitations that rigid gender stereotypes can place on children’s development.
- Ways to Play: Activity play-based workshops that engages children aged 0-6 and their parents and caregivers in fun ways to play that support healthy childhood development and inspire children to play free from restrictive and harmful gender stereotypes.
- Gender Equality Resource Tub: Provides early childhood educators with age appropriate information, activities and resources to support them in day-to-day work of raising children free from gender stereotypes.
- Engaging Men-Reducing Resistance and Building Support: This new toolkit is a practical guide to assist practitioners, educators, and others working to prevent violence against women and building gender equality, to respond to and prevent resistance and backlash. The toolkit is a collaboration between three organisations and four authors: Michael Flood from the Queensland University of Technology, Josette O’Donnell and Benjamin Brewin from Eastern Health, and Brianna Myors from Eastern Domestic Violence Service. Click here to download the resource.
- Big Dreams: A 7-page colouring book packed full of illustrations that encourage children to be free to follow their dreams. The colouring book was created as part of an art project undertaken by EDVOS with students at Ringwood Secondary College. The students participated in a discussion about gender inequality and the specific issues it creates for both boys and girls when exposed to rigid gender stereotypes. Click here to download the resource.
- Level Playground Fact Sheets: EDVOS has developed a range of fact sheets you can print and use in your service, classroom or at home. These fact sheets will give you more information about creating environments that promote equality and respect. Click here to download the resources.
- Stories Beyond Stereotypes Booklist: This booklist was developed to highlight children’s books for 7-12 year olds that go beyond gender stereotypes and promote healthy, equal, respectful and positive relationships. All the books will be available throughout Eastern Regional Libraries. It was developed by Eastern Regional Libraries, EDVOS, Level Playground, Knox City Council, Maroondah City Council, Yarra Ranges Council, Women’s Health East, Inspiro and EACH. Click here to download the resource.
- You Can’t Be What You Can’t See – Poster Series: This was developed by the Yarra Ranges Gender Equity in the Early Years Working Group and aims to promote gender equity and breakdown gender stereotypes. The posters show real people undertaking diverse career and recreation roles. These images and the embedded messages promote to young children in early years services and their families that they can aspire and achieve a range of work and life choices, regardless of their gender. Click here to download the resources.
- Take Action For Gender Equality and Respect: EDVOS and Inspiro have created a student voice resource co-designed by young people. It aims to support young people to reflect on what gender equality and respect means to them, engage with their peers on gender issues and take action to create change in their community. Click here to download the resource.
Other Primary Prevention Resources:
Information, Statistics, Framework Documents:
- The National Community Attitudes towards Violence Against Women Survey: NCAS
- National Primary Prevention Framework: Change the Story
- Royal Commission Findings: Prevention
- Victorian Gender Equality Strategy: Safe and Strong
Project Planning and Evaluation:
Children, young people and teachers
- Let’s Take Action for Gender Equality and Respect: Engages middle years children aged 8-12 years in the development of student voice projects that promoting gender equality. This project is in partnership with Inspiro.
- Youth Ambassador for Gender Equality and Respect: Engages secondary school students in the development of student voice projects that promoting gender equality and respectful relationships. This project is in partnership with Inspiro.
- Thai Community Stands up for Gender Equality and Respect: The project involves developing and delivering culturally appropriate gender equality and respectful relationships education within the Thai community through working in partnership with teachers, students, families and community members from Thai Education Centre of Victoria.
Community engagement projects
- Together for Respect at Home – social media campaign: COVID-19 pandemic has presented new, unprecedented concerns and challenges for our community. In response to this complex issue, EDVOS in partnership with members from the Together for Equality and Respect (TFER) Partnership developed this social marketing campaign aimed at promoting safe, healthy, connected and respectful relationship at home. Click here for more information.
- Education and presentations: The Primary Prevention Team at EDVOS delivers educational sessions and presentations on topics relating to gender equality, respectful relationships, responding to resistance and breaking down rigid gender stereotypes.
For more information about any of the projects, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
If you (or someone you know) is experiencing or at risk of family violence:
Contact EDVOS on 03 9259 4200 between 9am – 8pm Monday to Friday and 9am – 5pm Saturday
Tell someone you can trust – family, friends, neighbours or your doctor
If you are in immediate danger call 000 | <urn:uuid:f13c66a0-df8c-43fe-a692-f73e0c46a77e> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.edvos.org.au/prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057417.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923074537-20210923104537-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.930073 | 1,460 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Back to: Module: Helping Students Read
Our Kindergartener, Herman, could recognize phonemic differences in words that contrasted with his own name (like Sherman) but had trouble coming up with simple sets of rhyming words. He was on the way to developing phonemic awareness, but not quite there. By working with a parapro on syllable and rhyming exercises, like the ones in this unit, Herman should be able to build his skills and achieve phonemic awareness soon. Even though his classmate Xi could not write English characters, he already has developed greater skill with phonemic awareness. He can auditorily distinguish phonemic sounds in his own name and can readily name rhyming words he recognizes as different: “cat,” “mat,” and “bat” and even more complicated ones like “spider,” “rider,” and “glider.” What are some things that you might do to help a student like Herman improve his phonemic awareness skills? | <urn:uuid:79c62271-b56d-43d6-b79d-36a02c070d3e> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.opepp.org/lesson/hsr-unit3-revisiting-the-introductory-challenge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948900.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328232645-20230329022645-00017.warc.gz | en | 0.984153 | 211 | 4.1875 | 4 |
The brainchild of Senator Stephen A. Douglas, the bill was controversial because it threatened to repeal the Missouri Compromise.
Abraham Lincoln’s reaction to the bill is interesting. He devoted the previous four years of his life to his law practice. He traveled the law circuit and, at least publicly, he stayed out of politics. But Kansas-Nebraska was too much.
When Lincoln heard the news, he said it:
...took us by surprise---astounded us… We were thunderstruck and stunned; and we reeled and fell in utter confusion. But we rose each fighting, grasping whatever he could first reach---a scythe---a pitchfork---a chopping axe, or a butcher's cleaver. We struck in the direction of the sound...
The Kansas-Nebraska Act encouraged Lincoln to re-enter political life. His speech at Peoria, Illinois on October 16, 1854 details Lincoln's opposition to the piece of legislation, but I've always thought it is an underrated speech.
After an extended absence, Lincoln has reemerged, but his rhetoric is different. No longer does he recite standard Whig doctrine; indeed, the Whig Party itself did not survive the slavery crisis. Lincoln seems more mature at Peoria--his argument relies less on emotion and more on logic--he seems more focused and, perhaps above all, he is extremely confident.
I see the "Peoria Speech" as the first major speech of the second half of Lincoln's political career.
CLICK HERE to read Lincoln’s “Peoria Speech.” | <urn:uuid:aedda7c7-b722-4853-8ce3-2021bea260ab> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://lincolnstudies.blogspot.com/2007/05/kansas-nebraska.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814036.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222061730-20180222081730-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.960939 | 330 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Importance of All Movement Behaviors in a 24 Hour Period for Overall Health
AbstractPhysical inactivity and childhood obesity are well-recognized public health concerns that are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. Historically, the benefits of physical activity (e.g., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity—MVPA) to overall health have dominated discussions and emerging evidence indicates that a broader, more integrated approach is needed to better understand and address current public health crises. Existing guidelines for children and youth around the world only focus on MVPA, and recently sedentary behavior, despite an accumulating body of evidence showing that light-intensity physical activity (LPA) such as walking can provide important health benefits. Furthermore, there is accumulating support for the importance of adequate sleep and that these behaviors moderate the health impact of each other. Ignoring the other components of the movement continuum (i.e., sleep, sedentary time, LPA) while focusing efforts exclusively on MVPA (accounting for <5% of the time in a 24 h period) limits the potential to optimize the health benefits of movement behaviors. In order to address this limitation, experts in Canada are currently developing the world’s first Integrated 24 Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth to help advance an integrated healthy active living agenda that has the potential to significantly improve the overall health and well-being of children and youth. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Chaput, J.-P.; Carson, V.; Gray, C.E.; Tremblay, M.S. Importance of All Movement Behaviors in a 24 Hour Period for Overall Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 12575-12581.
Chaput J-P, Carson V, Gray CE, Tremblay MS. Importance of All Movement Behaviors in a 24 Hour Period for Overall Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(12):12575-12581.Chicago/Turabian Style
Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Carson, Valerie; Gray, Casey E.; Tremblay, Mark S. 2014. "Importance of All Movement Behaviors in a 24 Hour Period for Overall Health." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, no. 12: 12575-12581. | <urn:uuid:fca12461-31b2-463d-a47a-1249b8c75815> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/12/12575 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158429.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922123228-20180922143628-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.878212 | 494 | 3.171875 | 3 |
39 - On site self-generation of electricity through renewable energy sources (up to 5 points)
Category : Energy
Status : Optional 5 Points
Type of accommodation : Accommodation
Definition (User manual)
The tourist accommodation shall have on site electricity generation from renewable energy sources as defined in Article 2(a) of Directive 2009/28/EC, which may include: photovoltaic (solar panel) or local hydroelectric system, geothermal, local biomass or wind power electricity generation that generates:
at least 10 % of the overall electricity consumption per year (1 point);
at least 20 % of the overall electricity consumption per year (3 points);
at least 50 % of the overall electricity consumption per year (5 points).
For the purposes of this criterion, local biomass is considered to be biomass from a source located within a 160 kilometres radius of the tourist accommodation.
If the self-generation of renewable electricity leads to the issuing of guarantees of origin, the self-generation can only be taken into account if the guarantees of origin do not end up on the market, but are cancelled to cover the local consumption. | <urn:uuid:bc40db90-5c46-44d8-ba07-ca07d9705abe> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://ecolabeltoolbox.com/en/criteres/226 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710684.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128235805-20221129025805-00342.warc.gz | en | 0.906297 | 244 | 2.546875 | 3 |
In a new report from the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, “Youth and Digital Media: From Credibility to Information Quality,” the authors set out to “map and explore what we know about the ways in which young users of age 18 and under search for information online, how they evaluate information, and how their related practices of content creation, levels of new literacies, general digital media usage, and social patterns affect these activities.” Their key findings:
1. Search shapes the quality of information that youth experience online.
2. Youth use cues and heuristics to evaluate quality, especially visual and interactive elements.
3. Content creation and dissemination foster digital fluencies that can feed back into search and evaluation behaviors.
4. Information skills acquired through personal and social activities can benefit learning in the academic context.
How Big Telecom Used Smartphones to Create a New Digital Divide (article)
An article in Colorlines argues that internet access on smartphones is giving rise to social injustice because of net neutrality laws and internet censorship. The article states that people of color, especially blacks and Latinos, are more likely to surf the internet on their phones, which is supported by a Pew Hispanic report we mentioned a few months ago that found Latinos more likely than whites to access the internet from their cellphones instead of through home connections. Thus, how people of color are accessing the internet is putting them at a disadvantage because “two internets” are emerging in the U.S.: the loosely regulated broadband computer access internet and the unregulated mobile internet, the latter including more people of color and low-income users.” In addition to discussing the important issue of the digital divide, the article looks at the larger picture of big media’s influence and makes a strong case for the urgent need to change our nation’s broadband infrastructure so that it does not disadvantage people of color. It’s important that the youth we work with have this information along with different perspectives on the issue so they can be part of advocating for policies and regulations that will benefit their communities. (This Colorlines infographic accompanies the article above and provides visuals about how Big Telecom has created a new digital divide that contributes to racial inequity).
25 TED Talks Perfect for the Classroom (videos)
Jeff Dunn at Edudemic curated a list of TED talks that would be beneficial to share with students. They range from healthy eating, to the importance of non-violence, to importance of pollination and much more. Most of all the talks highlight that much can be acquired from non-traditional learning spaces and encourage people to become curious about the world around them.
ThinkB4U: Google and Common Sense Team Up (web site)
ThinkB4U is a new collaboration addressing online safety education amongst Google and safety partners Common Sense Media, ConnectSafely, and the National Consumers League. Their goal is to address one of “the biggest learning curves thrown at the average user in a fun and interactive way” and “achieve high levels of digital literacy for everyone.” The site is a “choose your own adventure” style interactive learning site designed to get everyone — from parents to students to teachers — thinking about how to use the internet safely and responsibly. You’ll find select K-12 lessons from Common Sense Media as resources for educators on each of the topics and section along with videos, games, and relevant information customized for students, educators and parents.
What We’ve Learned About Games and Learning: An Interview with Kurt Squire (interview)
This three part interview by Henry Jenkins with Kurt Squire, author of Video Games and Learning: Teaching and Participatory Culture in the Digital Age, is a fantastic overview of the history of games for learning (Did you know, for example, that the first educational video game, Oregon Trail, was first made in 1971 and was all text?) The course of Kurt’s career has placed him in the center of so many significant developments in the recent history of games-based learning, providing him with a unique perspective to write his latest book. Henry asks Kurt to address topics crucial to understand for anyone interested in using games for learning, such as: “The logic of the book follows the shift in the field of games-based learning from designing games for use in school (or bringing existing games into the classroom, as you have done with the Civilization series) to developing games-based literacies which encourage kids to think of themselves as designers. What do you see as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach? Can you explain some of the factors which led to this shift in emphasis?” Grab something to drink, schedule a twenty-minute break, and dig in. Afterwards, scroll through or print out this amazing infographic on the history of gamifying education (even though we might differ on their definition of the term).
NMC Horizon Report – Higher Education Edition for 2012 (report)
The latest NMC Horizon Report has just been published, and can be found and downloaded from iTunes U. The annual report identifies and describes, as always, emerging technologies likely to have an impact over the coming years in education around the globe, all collected in one short, easy to read package. This time around, technologies in the one year or less time frame of adoption include Mobile Apps and Tablet Computing. Game-Based Learning and Learning Analytics are in the two- to three-year adoption timeframe. Other technologies to be adopted in the four- to five-year period include the Gesture-Based Computing and the Internet of Things. More information about all these technologies, their impact on education, and the methodology for the findings can all be found in the project wiki.
Global Kids does a great job each month pointing us to helpful resources; Joliz Cedeno, Daria Ng and Juan Rubio contributed to this month’s list. Please share what you’re reading and watching, too! Global Kids’ NYC-based programs address the need for young people to possess leadership skills and an understanding of complex global issues to succeed in the 21st century workplace and participate in the democratic process.
Banner image credit: Global Kids http://www.flickr.com/photos/holymeatballs/6838529720/in/photostream/ | <urn:uuid:7efcc94e-4972-49f4-bb41-e9b9df1b4369> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://clalliance.org/blog/very-worthy-reads/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371606067.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405150416-20200405180916-00193.warc.gz | en | 0.937184 | 1,297 | 3.75 | 4 |
Different types of traceability Matrix used in software development life cycle are mentioned below:
- Forward Traceability Matrix
- Backward Traceability Matrix
- Bi-Directional Traceability
1. Forward Traceability – Mapping of Requirements to Test cases.
a. Tracing the requirement sources to their resulting product requirements to ensure the completeness of the product requirement specification.
b. Tracing each unique product requirement forward into the design that implement that requirement, the code that implement that design and the test that validate the requirement and so on.
The objective is to ensure that each requirement is implemented in the product and that each requirement is thoroughly tested.
2. Backward Traceability – Mapping of Test Cases to Requirements.
a. Tracing each unique work product (e.g. design element, object/class, code unit, test) back to its associated requirement. Backward Traceability can verify that the requirements have been kept current with the design, code and test.
b. Tracing each requirement back to its sources.
3. Bi-Directional Traceability – A Good Traceability matrix is the References from test cases to basis documentation and vice versa. | <urn:uuid:af1c4fa7-8030-4074-9560-6608d61b4060> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.thatstechnology.com/different-types-of-traceability-matrix/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802772897.141/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075252-00152-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888217 | 244 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Scilla has most recently been classified as belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae; the subfamily was formerly treated as a separate family, Hyacinthaceae. Prior to that it was placed in the Hyacintheae tribe of the Liliaceae family.
The precise number of Scilla species in the genus depends on which proposals to split the genus are accepted. For a discussion of the relationship of Scilla to the closely related genus, Chionodoxa, see that page. Other proposals separate particularly the Eurasian species into a number of smaller genera such as Othocallis Salisb., e.g. Scilla siberica would become Othocallis siberica.
Scilla peruviana is of interest for its name; it is a native of southwest Europe, not of Peru. When Carolus Linnaeus described the species in 1753, he was given specimens imported from Spain aboard a ship named Peru, and was misled into thinking the specimens had come from that country. The rules of botanical naming do not allow a scientific name to be changed merely because it is potentially confusing.
Cultivation and uses
Many species, notably S. siberica, are grown in gardens for their attractive early spring flowers.
^Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x | <urn:uuid:51291118-7318-4c4b-bf6a-b3bc0b3ae787> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://blekko.com/wiki/Scilla?source=672620ff | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657119220.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011159-00243-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9265 | 363 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Tropes and Narratives
Tropes are an essential part of storytelling. An author uses tropes as a starting point for story and character development. Defining what a trope is difficult in the abstract, so let’s just look at some examples.
Some classic tropes are:
- The damsel in distress: There is a damsel, she has been captured by some evil character, and the hero must rescue her to save the day (this is an often overused trope in video games in particular).
- The superhero: A seemingly normal human character has been bestowed superhuman powers, and must save mankind from some evil force, who often has their own superpowers. Mankind is initially distrustful of the superhero, but comes to appreciate them once they save the day.
- The superhero fight scene at the end of the movie: our superhero movie always ends with a final battle between good and evil. The fight goes back and forth, with it looking like a close call, but good wins in the end (see happy ending trope).
- The kiss between superhero and love interest at the end of the superhero movie after the fight scene: tropes can cover just a single encounter.
While they may sound formulaic or cliched, tropes are very useful literary devices. By relying on concepts and narratives the viewer already knows they help the viewer settle in to a story. The viewer can feel comfortable with the story as they understand the basic storyline already - for we all know roughly how a rom-com plays out. This allows the reader to focus on the events elements and characters which make this story unique.
A writer can also twist tropes - making an unexpected departure from the typical storyline to catch the reader off guard, or may avoid tropes altogether, particularly powerful for the main storyline. Consider a movie like Memento, where a character with short term memory loss must figure out what he’s doing, and the movie is played to us effectively backward, which is not a classic, or formulaic trope.
Tropes and narratives are undoubtedly as old as stories themselves, and for storytelling they seem very effective and useful.
I have been thinking a lot though, about narratives and tropes in “real life” and whether they are useful, or harmful.
Each of us is undoubtedly unique - but we see tropes around us every day.
- The strict father
- The know it all
- The high school drop out
- The layabout.
These are tropes from real-life that we all understand, and have either experienced, seen, or are at least aware of. Like in storytelling, these tropes can be helpful. We can infer how the quiet loner that we see at the office is likely to act at home, socialising, at the pub. We can surmise that a harsh father is perhaps not the best husband, or the kindest of souls.
But there are a lot of downsides to labelling people, and seeing these tropes everywhere. They don’t allow for nuance - we assume the lazy layabout will be late with everything - even though they may just really enjoy taking it easy at the weekend and are otherwise well put together and punctual.
The trope in reality also doesn’t account for our uniqueness. The power of a trope in storytelling is it allows the writer to more easily convey the uniqueness of the story and the characters. But I’m not so sure tropes for the real world do the same. Life is messy, we make snap judgements of people and situations. There is no master storyteller weaving a well put together over the course of 2 hours or 500 pages - with the time and space to convert that nuance. We spot laziness, we assume lazy in about 30 seconds.
Breaking free from tropes is hard. During university I frequently broke things: I am tall with long clumsy limbs, and I am not particularly mindful. This became known as my “range of damage” - anything in that range was at danger from my flailing.
At first it was an amusing narrative, I suppose. Whenever anything broke in a 10 foot radius of me it was attributed to my “range of damage” even if it was in no way my fault.
Once a narrative is in place, we can’t help but fit things into that narrative. People love patterns, we can create them from randomness, so we want to fit things into a narrative. That mug broke when Phil picked it up - well it makes more sense that it’s was Phil’s fault as it fits his “range of damage” narrative pretty well.
Eight years later, I have grown up, I have more control of my limbs, but the narrative stands. I still hear that phrase from time to time when things go awry (or nearly do), and perhaps will never escape it.
The really stifling thing about tropes though, is when we start to believe them ourselves, and live our lives as if there is some path, some narrative that we are supposed to follow.
This is especially insidious when the stories we believe to be true about ourselves are imposed on us by other people.
As children growing up we absorb expectations, stories, tropes, about the way we are and the way we should be. When we are forming the meaning of “who we are” it is easy for us to believe these stories and take them to be our own.
Growing up I built a story of who I am based not on my own “plan” but on the stories and expectations other people held about me. The introvert. The high achiever. The potential doctor or high flying finance person. Only recently did I realise that my identity and “plan” was almost entirely constructed by other people, and that every experience decision and mistake I’ve made was compared to and squeezed into that narrative - rather than just being a part of my own story.
Maybe it’s time to discard narratives. Do we need a story or a plan for our lives? Sure we can have goals, and values, and things we care about - but doesn’t having a predefined story restrict what we can be? The only story that really matters is the one that we live, and you can only know what it is once you’ve lived it.
I’ll leave you with a really relevant quote from Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance:
“Mountains like these and travelers in the mountains and events that happen to them here are found not only in Zen literature but in the tales of every major religion.
The allegory of a physical mountain for the spiritual one that stands between each soul and its goal is an easy and natural one to make.
Like those in the valley behind us, most people stand in sight of the spiritual mountains all their lives and never enter them, being content to listen to others who have been there and thus avoid the hardships.
Some travel into the mountains accompanied by experienced guides who know the best and least dangerous routes by which they arrive at their destination.
Still others, inexperienced and untrusting, attempt to make their own routes.
Few of these are successful, but occasionally some, by sheer will and luck and grace, do make it.
Once there they become more aware than any of the others that there’s no single or fixed number of routes.
There are as many routes as there are individual souls.” | <urn:uuid:137bd858-dba2-4ff1-8978-d6841f3bfd62> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://latentflip.com/tropes-and-narratives | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814700.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223115053-20180223135053-00741.warc.gz | en | 0.969423 | 1,543 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Desert Long-eared Bat, Otonycteris hemprichii
The desert long-eared bat (Otonycteris hemprichii) is a vesper bat with no subspecies. Its ranges extends from the desert areas of northern Niger and Morocco through Egypt, from the Arabian Peninsula to Kazakhstan, with a far eastern range of north-west India. It prefers a habitat with dry and barren areas with little vegetation, as well as old buildings. The IUCN has listed the desert long-eared bat as of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.
The desert long-eared bat is small, reaching an average body length between 2.8 inches and 3.1 inches, with a tail that can be up to 2.7 inches in length. Two individuals were reported to weigh between .6 and .7 ounces. The underbelly is typically cream or white in color, while the rest of the fur is colored dark brown to light tan. The upright ears can be up to 1.5 inches in length and are connected by a thin piece of skin. The flight patterns of this bat are slow and loose.
Female members of the desert long-eared bat species will form breeding colonies, and groups have been found numbering between three and fifteen individuals. Seven pregnant individuals were found as well, most carrying two embryos, and three females with two embryos were found in an abandoned shack in Jordan.
Because of the floppy flight pattern and the body mass of the desert long-eared bat, it is thought that the bat is carnivorous. One study conducted in Kyrgyzstan found that the main diet of the bats found there consisted of arachnids like scorpions and spiders, and orthopterans like grasshoppers and crickets. It has been found that up to 70 percent of bat dung studied contained scorpion remains, including the highly poisonous Palestine yellow scorpion. When hunting scorpions, this bat will listen for the walking sounds of the scorpion, snatch it up, bite its head off, and often suffers sting wounds. However, the bats seem to have immunity to the scorpion venom. It will hunt for its food by flying low to the ground and emitting echolocation calls.
Image Caption: Otonycteris hemprichii. Credit: Charlotte Roemer/Wikipedia(CC BY-SA 3.0) | <urn:uuid:9a1edb38-edf8-4d51-ad53-ee0d134f4af9> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.redorbit.com/reference/desert-long-eared-bat-otonycteris-hemprichii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948515309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212060515-20171212080515-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.964835 | 496 | 3.546875 | 4 |
If you are an avid gardener, you know how great it is to have bumble bees in your garden. Not honey bees, but bumble bees. Bumble bees are friendlier than honey bees and typically, will not sting unless they are being handled roughly or harmed. Unlike honey bees, they do not “swarm”, nor do they attack like wasps. They do not live in hives or make large amounts of honey, but they have equally important roles in the ecosystem. This is why we need to attract and encourage bumble bees into our yards.
Humans have known the value of bees in agriculture for centuries. They are the most effective pollinators in the world and an invaluable resource in agriculture technology. About two-thirds of the world’s crops rely on bees and other pollinators; without them, there would be no fruits or vegetables. As a society, we are just starting to realize their power in bolstering the health and productivity of the home garden. Bees are just too important to be ignored.
By creating a more “bee friendly” yard and landscape, it will be easier for you to attract bees and keep them coming back! Avoid pesticides! Bumble bees, and other pollinators, respond to insecticides and herbicides commonly used for controlling Japanese beetles and Emerald ash borer. Even minimal exposure can cause bees to have problems flying, and they can lose their sense of taste. Planting flowers that will bloom successively over the spring, summer, and fall seasons will provide the bees with nectar and pollen. Perennials, annuals, and flowering trees/shrubs, would all be good resources. Bumble bees drink nectar and eat pollen, nothing else. Bees use a lot of energy as they buzz around looking for food. A flower’s nectar is sweet and gives bees the energy necessary for flying as they search for food. A full stomach will give a bee about 40 minutes of flying time. If it cannot fly, it cannot reach flowers to get nectar, and it will die.
Here are some of the bumblebees favorite annual and perennial flowers; lavender, bee balm, salvia, alyssum, zinnia, asters, joe pye weed, poppies, coneflowers, sunflowers, golden rod, hyssop, and snapdragons. Shrubs include; witch hazel, sumac, elderberry, blueberry, non-invasive honeysuckle, currants and serviceberry.
The disappearance of the bee and other pollinators, may seem trivial to some, and points to a harsh reality for our future. Without pollination, yields and diversity, agricultural crops will eventually decline, resulting in higher prices at the grocery store or worse. | <urn:uuid:76e8eed5-ea65-49e9-9d7f-3c5e9e89e666> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://beautifulbloomslandscape.com/blog/bumble-bees-in-the-garden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300805.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118062411-20220118092411-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.934527 | 575 | 3.421875 | 3 |
I spent last week volunteering as a resident at Hacker School, where I helped a number of students write small interpreters. For the most part, the students I worked with weren’t exactly beginning programmers. One of them, for instance, was a robotics Ph.D. student who had written a trajectory follower that helped a robot autonomously navigate through the desert.
Clearly, it’s possible to get quite far in a programming career without having written an interpreter — or, at least, without having consciously done so. So, why does it matter? Why should you write an interpreter?
To me, one reason is that an interpreter is the quintessential program that operates on programs. To be comfortable with interpreters is to be comfortable with the idea of code as data, a powerful and ubiquitous idea. Programs that operate on programs include things like interpreters and compilers, but also things like emulators and debuggers. Much of the programming world regards these kinds of programs as magical, but they aren’t.
So, if you’ve never written an interpreter, or if you’re not sure if you have, let’s write a tiny one, right now!
A tiny language of arithmetic expressions
We’ll start by interpreting simple arithmetic expressions, like
(5 + 3) or
((4 - 2) * (5 + (3 + 9))).
To interpret an expression means to evaluate it: to determine its value. For instance, the value of
(5 + 3) might be
8, and the value of
((4 - 2) * (5 + (3 + 9))) might be
34. So, our interpreter will be a program that takes an arithmetic expression as input and returns an integer as output.
Let’s write down a grammar for expressions we want to be able to interpret. For now, we’ll handle integers and a few two-argument operations on them: addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
1 2 3 4
Because the grammar is defined recursively, it allows for nested expressions like
(1 + ((3 * 7) - 8)), as well as simple ones like
(1000 * 3).
If we use a language that allows us to define our own data types, we can turn our grammar into a data type for expressions. In Haskell, for instance, it might look like this:
1 2 3 4
Times can be thought of as “tags” that we’ve put on each variant of
Expr so that we can tell them apart. These “tags”, though, are really value constructor functions that we can call to construct various values of type
Plus value constructor takes two arguments, each of which must itself be of type
Expr; it’s the same for
Number value constructor, though, only expects an
Int, which is a type built in to Haskell.
Expr type defined, we can construct a few
Exprs by calling the value constructors. We can use GHCi’s
:t command to see the type of each one, making sure that it is in fact an
1 2 3 4 5 6
Do things like
(3 + 6), and
(3 + (6 * 1)) count as
Exprs? Not quite. We’ve skipped a step, which is to write a parser that will convert a string like
"(3 + (6 * 1))" into its
Expr representation of
Plus (Number 3) (Times (Number 6) (Number 1)).
We’ll come back to parsing in a little while. For now, let’s concern ourselves with
Exprs rather than strings. We want to be able to interpret
Plus (Number 3) (Times (Number 6) (Number 1)), evaluating them to integer values like
We know that any combination of addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations on integers will result in another integer. (We conveniently left out division, which would mean dealing with non-integral values.) So, our interpreter can be a function that takes an expression and returns an integer. In Haskell, its signature would look like this:
Since there are four value constructors for
interp function will have four cases to handle. The first case is easy: If
interp is passed a
Number, then all it has to do is return the
Int wrapped up inside.
1 2 3
Trying out our code, we see that a
Number just evaluates to itself, represented as an
At this point, though, if we try to call
interp on any value that isn’t a
Number, we’re in trouble:
GHCi is complaining that we haven’t covered all the possibilities for
Exprs. So, let’s write the rest of the cases:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Just as the
Times value constructors in the
Expr type are defined recursively, so are the
Times clauses of
interp. To interpret a
Plus expression, we interpret its two subexpressions
e2, then just add the results together using Haskell’s built-in
+ operation. We do the analogous thing for
(Plus (Number 4) (Number 5)) works fine now:
And fancier, nested expressions work too:
1 2 3 4
Hooray! We’ve written a tiny, ten-line interpreter. Here’s the whole thing:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
It’s cumbersome to have to write long
(Plus (Number 3) (Times (Number 6) (Number 1))) to pass to
interp. Being able to write the string
"(3 + (6 * 1))" would be much more convenient. This is where parsing comes in. The job of a parser is to turn strings of concrete syntax like
"(3 + (6 * 1))" into abstract syntax representations like
(Plus (Number 3) (Times (Number 6) (Number 1))).
Some people enjoy writing parsers. Others find it unbearably tedious. Fortunately, if you belong to the latter group, parser generators help automate the work. We can use Happy, a parser generator for Haskell, to generate a parser for our tiny language.
In a Happy grammar file of a few dozen lines, we provide a grammar for our language, plus a little supporting code. The Happy documentation explains how to go about creating such a file. (In fact, I had never used a parser generator before writing this post, but I didn’t have any trouble creating the Happy grammar file. It was largely a matter of paring down the provided example in the Happy docs to the smaller grammar we’re using here!)
Happy will take this grammar file and generate a Haskell module that provides
parser functions. The
lexer function turns a string into a list of tokens:
parser turns this list of tokens into an
Finally, once we have an
Expr, we can pass it on to our interpreter,
We intentionally kept the grammar for our language excruciatingly simple in order to make it as easy as possible to create the Happy grammar file. This leads to some annoyances, like the fact that we have to parenthesize all operations. For instance,
"(3 + 4)" parses, but
"3 + 4" doesn’t. The parser doesn’t handle negative integers well, either.
1 2 3 4 5 6
We could fix these bugs at the cost of complicating the grammar. Nothing about the interpreter itself would need to change, though;
"(3 + 4)" and
"3 + 4" both ought to parse into
Plus (Number 3) (Number 4), and negative integers present no difficulty for
interp. The only hitch is in turning them into
Exprs in the first place.
Next time: variables
So far, we’ve managed to interpret a tiny, severely restricted language of arithmetic expressions. It would be nice to eventually grow our language into some semblance of a real programming language. To do that, sooner or later we’ll need a notion of variables. Luckily, it’s quite straightforward to add support for variables to the interpreter and parser we’ve got now. I’ll cover variables in my next post.
The code from this post, plus a little additional scaffolding, is on GitHub. | <urn:uuid:7bed48c1-9f8a-44c1-bf4a-d44bfb1134f4> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://composition.al/blog/2013/06/23/write-an-interpreter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232260658.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20190527025527-20190527051527-00033.warc.gz | en | 0.870149 | 1,783 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Starting the day with manuscript editing over coffee and breakfast, working on evidence of ancient astronomy. My interests in archaeology and astronomy preceded combining them. Inevitably, archaeoastronomy caught my interest. When my research focus shifted from Mesoamerican codices to rock art–to start reading the story from the beginning so to speak, Fajada Butte and Chaco Canyon caught my attention. I found the codices overwhelming and indecipherable. Rock art wasn’t any easier, but it is a much larger sample of the original “writing” and it is still in place, in context and I enjoyed a year spent in the Southwest desert “reading” the sites. After noting a specific glyph was distributed on a north-south line I examined Southwest ruins and found a concentration of major sites on a meridian. I named it the Chaco Meridian, drew a map, and, considering the finding significant, notarized the map and sent a copy to a few archaeologists. Thus I was drawn into a new area of research decades ago, site-to-site relationships of ancient monuments, what I term archaeogeodesy. Archaeology has a way of leading the researcher down new and unexpected paths of exploration and of learning.
Learning archaeology has been a long road with many branches. To study the past, especially if your focus is past knowledge, your level of knowledge has to match the topic. Archaeologists focused on ceramics become experts in ceramics, those focused on subsistence learn agriculture, etc. At one point I did not know the word geodesy existed, albeit I knew about navigation, surveying, and cartography. Our paradigms blind us to what other cultures knew and I did not suspect past cultures placed their largest monuments at specific latitudes or in relation to distant monuments. Bit by bit, the archaeological evidence forces the researcher to learn what the ancients knew. This process can hit a wall when the evidence demonstrates that past knowledge may exceed one’s one and the knowledge of one’s own culture. I hit that wall when my research results indicated past civilizations had determined longitude accurately. How else could they place major monuments in relation to each other when direct survey between them wasn’t possible. My knowledge was inadequate to explain how this was accomplished without modern tools.
Analysis of site-to-site relationships also yielded evidence of accurate heliocentric astronomy and precise knowledge of astronomy constants. How did ancient civilizations determine astronomy constants? Since modern astronomy offered no solutions, I had to figure it out the way they did, using reasoning. So now I’m trying to figure out how to communicate all this to a culture generally lacking literacy in these areas. No one said archaeology would be easy. Most certainly no one said we might lack enough knowledge to understand aspects of the past or that we would have to expand our own knowledge to do so. I really need that morning coffee because somehow I ended up an archaeologist. | <urn:uuid:92391779-d37d-4217-af92-64b53be00cce> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.dayofarchaeology.com/morning-coffee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738552.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809102845-20200809132845-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.954838 | 615 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Islands of Abandonment: Life in the Post-Human Landscape
Cal Flyn, William Collins, 2021, pb, £9.99
In our era of ecological Angst, many are desperately seeking strategies to mitigate human damage, but Scottish writer Cal Flyn suggests a holistic new way of seeing these problems – one that is simultaneously haunted, and hopeful. She writes often in sorrow, and sometimes in righteous anger, but always in a spirit of humanity and realism.
She visits real and metaphorical islands from Chernobyl to Paterson, N. J., and the Caribbean to Tanzania, that have been devastated by depopulation, industry, invasive species, pollution, radiation, volcanoes, or war – to find flora and fauna rebounding in richly unexpected ways. Utilizing insights from Celtic mythology to neuroscience, and E. O. Wilson to T. S. Eliot, she marvels, looking at rare orchids blooming on a shale oil spoil heap, ‘A self-willed ecosystem is in the process of building new life…starting again from scratch, making something beautiful.’ Earth is a stupendous alembic, in which new and old ingredients are always alchemizing. As Horace noted famously, ‘You can drive out nature with a pitchfork, but she always comes surging back.’
It is something like a sacred trust to do what we can about climate change and pollution. If the Earth is Gaia, it may also be Medea, eventually eating its own children. But nor should we despair. Even if the Amazon has been under reckless attack, forests elsewhere are advancing. Wild horses graze former farmland, wolves pad down deserted streets, owls nest in old factories, indigenous species adapt to or even prevail against invaders, and toxic dumps can sport resilient new growths. Domestic cattle left behind soon learn to live without us, and the least promising post-industrial wastelands can be havens for species otherwise almost extinct.
There is little real ‘unsullied’ wilderness left in the world – there never was as much as we thought – but new wildernesses are always forming, if we allow them. There may even be new forms of beauty, if we look properly, in the mouldering skeletons of houses, ships’ graveyards, or monumental works of ‘land art,’ like Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty in Utah. Cities like Detroit, so often seen as evidence of avoidable failure, may really be almost as organic as animals, with inherent natural spans, and whose individual buildings have a ‘domicology’ of change and decay. As Vladimir Nabokov observed in 1952, the future is ‘the obsolete in reverse.’
We have depleted and despoiled the earth, but even some of our most destructive actions may be ameliorated or self-remedying in time, especially if we can let go of outdated aesthetics, or imperious delusions of control. ‘This is a corrupted world,‘ she concludes sagaciously, ‘long fallen from a state of grace – but it is a world too that knows how to live.’
This review first appeared in Chronicles, and is reproduced with permission | <urn:uuid:4f25ed06-849c-4a27-8344-416cb396cc0a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.derek-turner.com/2023/01/18/the-world-in-motion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00765.warc.gz | en | 0.95015 | 672 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Failure to Diagnose Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a pregnancy complication
involving high blood sugar levels. It is one of the most common complications, affecting 2-5% of pregnant women. Typically, it is diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and, for the most part, the cause is unknown.
Many pregnant women show no obvious signs of gestational diabetes. This is why good and accepted standards of medical care require that an OB/GYN administer an oral glucose tolerance test to determine a pregnant mother's blood sugar levels. Some common signs of gestational diabetes include:
- blurred vision;
- frequent infections (e.g., urinary tract infections);
- extreme thirst;
- constant urination;
- nausea and vomiting; and
- weight loss.
Early diagnosis and treatment is critical to the health of mother and baby. Undiagnosed gestational diabetes can be dangerous because, more often than not, women with gestational diabetes deliver larger babies (greater than 9 pounds) which can increase the risk of a vaginal birth complication
such as hypoxia, ischemia
, or a shoulder dystocia
and birth injuries
such as Erb's palsy
and cerebral palsy
. Also, women with undiagnosed gestational diabetes may be at risk for complications from high blood pressure and/or preeclampsia
In most cases, symptoms of gestational diabetes are mild and are not life threatening to mother or baby. Where treatment is necessary, it typically consists of:
- diet management (e.g., 10-20% of calories from protein, 30% from fats, 50-60% from complex carbohydrates)
- exercise; and/or
- medication (e.g., insulin).
To discuss your case or concerns with an experienced Central New York medical malpractice and birth injury attorney, contact us now
at (315) 422-3466, (800) 336-LAWS, or by e-mail at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:3b60bfc7-2f23-47ce-b4ba-29e62b0397b0> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.bottarleone.com/amp/failure-to-diagnose-gestational-diabetes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866772.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524190036-20180524210036-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.88697 | 424 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The whole body hyperthermia therapy is a type of therapy in which body tissue is exposed to a controlled high temperature. In turn, the controlled high temperature may stimulate the body's immune system and improve the ability to self-heal. Hyperthermia therapy is an adjunct medical treatment. It can be used in conjunction with conventional therapies under the supervision of our GP, Dr Daniel Ho. Body temperature plays a crucial role in the regulation of our immune system. A healthy organism responds to certain illnesses with regulated increases in temperature, which may progress to a high fever during the acute phase of the disease. The onset of a fever triggers an enhanced immune response and is considered a natural temporary "immunological special event".
What are the benefits?
The Hyperthermia therapy is used for the treatment of illnesses associated with rheumatological, chronic inflammatory and oncological disorders. It is an adjunct medical treatment used alongside conventional treatments.
What is whole-body hyperthermia therapy?
We are proud to use the Heckel HT-3000 Whole Body Hyperthermia System. The Heckel HT-3000 Whole Body Hyperthermia System is a specially designed device in the form of a tent made of a flexible, thermally insulating material. While lying comfortably on the treatment table or bed, the tent is placed over the table with the patient inside during the IR radiation phase, with their head outside the tent. Radiation can penetrate the skin to a depth where the blood can absorb the heat and spread it throughout the tissue and organs. Subsequently the body's core temperature is safely heated within 1-2 hours.
Once the desired temperature has been reached, the tent walls can be folded down and wrapped on to the patient to maintain the elevated core temperature.
Hyperthermia therapy is always performed under supervised conditions with continuous monitoring of vital signs, including:
PO2 (saturation of oxygen in the blood) | <urn:uuid:b6a7e2e4-9466-4fda-96e0-549f4c0cb674> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.vitawell.com.au/hyperthermia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585768.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023193319-20211023223319-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.91737 | 389 | 2.59375 | 3 |
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM FROZEN FOODS IN OWERRI
A study was conducted to determine the presence of Salmonella species in Frozen Foods in Owerri in August, 2000. A total of 30 Food samples were collected from the different market in ten different locations in Owerri and examined for the presence of Salmonella. After the culturing and biochemical tests, three different Salmonella species were isolated and they include: Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphi A. out of the 30 Foodsamples examined, Salmonella were found in 20 (66.67%). Out of the total samples examined, Salmonella typhi were isolated with the prevalence rate of 12 (40%) from 30 samples, Salmonella paratyphi A were isolated with the prevalence rate of 5 (16.67%), and Salmonella typhimurium were isolated with the prevalence rate of 3 (10%).
Illnesses from food are one of the most important economic and health problems among industrial and non-industrial countries. In recent years, Salmonella has been one of the most common causes of food born disease Salmonellosis is an infectious disease which often occurs through contaminated food, especially food products with an animal origin such as meat, chicken, egg, animal foods and sometimes vegetables in the food chain. In developing countries, estimation of Salmonelosis is difficult because there has not been sufficient surveillance. Therefore, globally, many studies have been performed reporting that the prevalence and kind of salmonella serotypes are different based on geographical regions. Salmonella entericaserovarsEnteritidis and Typhimurium were reported to be the two most frequent serotypes of Salmonella isolated in Iran and other countries. During the two past decades, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella has become a serious problem worldwide. Wide usage of antibiotics in the diet of domestic animals has made drug resistant bacteria which could betransfered to human beings. Also, in recent years, problem of resistant strains to multiple drugs (MDR) is increasing and most studies in Iran and other countries have shown high resistance of Salmonella strains to several antibioticsIt belongs to the family Emtero-bacteriaceae and it is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacillus that parasitizes the intestine of a large number of vertebrate species. It also infects man leading to enteric fever, gastroenteritis and septicemia, collectively known as Salmonellosis infection.
Of all the enterobacteriaceae, the genus salmonella is the most complex with more than 2,000 closely related bacteria that causes illness by reproducing in the digestive tract. (Aora, 2004). Each salmonella subgroup or serotype share common antigen and has its own name and the antigenic complexity of the bacteria have been described by Kauffman-White scheme. According to this scheme, the terminology that identifies the particular protein coats, or serovars, is not well settled, and what previously were thought to be various species of the genus Salmonella are now thought to be serovars of only two species by many researchers, Salmonella enterica and Samonellabongori.
However, these designations are not always accepted in the scientific literature and so common serovars that have been named in the past are still used (for example, S. typhi, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. cholerasuis, S. saintpaul ). The Serovars are identified by the Kauffman-White classification that uses two major types of antigens (Somatic O and flagella H) to distinguish the over 2, 500 types of samonella bacteria. Initially each Salmonella species was named according to clinical consideration, e.g. Salmonella typhi-murium (mouse typhoid fever), S. cholerae-suis (hog cholera). After it was recognized that host specificity did not exist for many species, new strains (or serovar, short for serological variants) received species name according to the location at which the new strain was first isolated.
SerovarTyphimurium has considerable diversity and may be very old. The majority of the isolates belong to a single clonal complex. Isolates are divided into phage types, but some phage types do not have a single origin as determined using mutational changes. Phage type DT104 is heterogeneous and represented in multiple sequence types, with its multidrug-resistant variant being the most successful and causing epidemics in many parts of the world. Serovartyphi is relatively young compared to Typhimurium, and probably originated approximately 30,000-50,000 year ago. The common salmonella serotypes that are important in Animals and mammals include;
* Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae – is found in cold-blooded animals, poultry, mammals.
* Serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica.
* Salmonella choleraesuis (Bacillus paratyphoid B and C). This is an intestinal commensalists in pigs; it becomes pathogenic if resistance is weak; humans can be infected by ingesting sick animals; the bacteria cause septicemic salmonellosis in swine.
* Salmonella enteritidis – It is found in the intestines of cattle, rodents, ducks and humans; it causes calf paratyphoid fever and acute gastroenteritis in humans.
* Salmonella paratyphi B, in central Europe usually human pathogen, causes paratyphoid fever.
* Salmonella typhi, occurs in temperate and subtropical zones. It is the human pathogen of typhoid fever; 3-5% of persons falling ill remain permanent carriers of the pathogen.
* Salmonella typhimurium, causes a wide range of infections in birds to severe systemic paratyphoid diseases. It causes salmonella enteritis (food poisoning) in humans.
* Salmonella dublin, one of the pathogens causing cattle salmonellosis.
* Salmonella typhisuis, one of the pathogen causing hog Salmonellosis.
* Salmonella brandenburg, causes abortion and enteritis in shepherd cattle.
* Salmonella anatum and Salmonella montevideo.
Animals consume Salmonella from the soil or contaminated processed food e.g. feeds. The bacteria are then shed alive in the infected animals’ faeces.
Humans on the other hand consume Salmonella through contact withUnclean food, particularly in institutional kitchens and restaurants
Excretions from either sick or infected but apparently clinically healthy people and animals (especially endangered are caregivers and animals)
Polluted surface Food and standing Food (such as in shower hoses or unused Food dispensers)
Unhygienically thawed fowl (the melt Food contains many bacteria).
An association with reptiles (Pet tortoises and snakes) primarily aquatic turtles is well described.
Salmonella bacteria can survive several weeks in a dry environment and several months in Food; thus, they are frequently found in polluted Food, contamination from the excrement of carrier animals being particularly important. Aquatic vertebrates, notably birds and reptiles, are important vectors of salmonella. Poultry, cattle, and sheep are frequently agents of contamination. Salmonella can be found in food, particularly meats and raw eggs.
Salmonella infections other than typhoid fever are termed enteric fever, salmonella food poisoning and gastroenteritis. These diseases are usually less severe than typhoid fever and are scribed to one of the many serotypes of Salmonella enteritidis. Most outbreaks of epidemics and food poisoning in humans and animals are caused by salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium, others are Salmonella Dublin, Salmonella Thompson. Non-typhodialsalmonellosis are more prevalent than typhoid fever and currently holding steady at 40,000 to 50,000 case a year. All strains are zoonotic in origin though human may be some carriers under certain circumstances by contrast. The type of salmonella that affect humans usually cause disease which can be recognized by diarrhea, vomiting.
Diarrohoeal disease seems to be one of the major health hazards both for human and animals. Many salmonella grow in the gut of their host and once in the gut, salmonella wave-long filament called flagella moves about until they touch a suitable cell. The bacteria stick to the cell and are “swallowed” smaller “hairs” called fimbriae are important in stimulating immunity in the host. | <urn:uuid:023ef308-5dd3-48b8-943d-0ac11896a788> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://nationalopenuniversity.schoolprojecttopics.com/isolation-and-characteristics-of-salmonella-species-from-frozen-foods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296946535.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326204136-20230326234136-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.926392 | 1,877 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Spreadsheet Example at Saturday, October 13th 2018 12:33:51 PM by Duane M. Sanchez.
As stated above, one concrete means to keep track of your financial plan and make financial goals is via writing down it. You should also check if your financial plan is sound and whether it works for you. The budget supplied by your school is a fantastic beginning.
Should you stick to your financial plan and do not break it, you will in theory be in a position to place all the cash you have left in some type of saving. To put it simply, you're in need of a budget to observe where your hard-earned money is moving. If you are working on your financial plan and you are attempting to get a means to cut down costs, check out how much Hosted VoIP is able to help you to save in 2018. Realize that every family's budget will differ based on their personal circumstance. If you would like to create a household budget but you're unsure where to begin, try a budget planner application. So, you are in need of a household budget to be certain you can maintain financial stability as you raise your children.
As soon as you get your finances, you wish to begin tracking your expenses against your budget to be sure that you don't accidentally overspend. There are numerous unique procedures for establishing your budget. Setting a budget is only the beginning since you'll see in the upcoming actions. If you'd rather create your own budget in a spreadsheet or other method there are a couple of things that you want to take into account. Produce a effortless budget you can actually stick to. | <urn:uuid:5a670c7e-becb-47db-9275-70c2300283ae> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://excelkenya.com/journal-spreadsheet-template/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315551.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190820154633-20190820180633-00375.warc.gz | en | 0.967359 | 333 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A roundabout is an intersection where traffic flows in a counter clockwise direction around a centre island. When you approach a roundabout you must wait for pedestrians to cross and wait for a safe gap in traffic already in the circle before you enter the circle. Traffic inside the roundabout has the right-of-way. That means that if you are in the roundabout, you do NOT stop to let other vehicles enter.
Roundabouts are designed to reduce traffic delays because you do NOT have to stop before entering a roundabout unless there is a vehicle or pedestrian in your way.
Roundabouts also reduce collisions because there are fewer points in the roundabout where vehicles can come into contact with one another.
Slower speeds in roundabouts mean that any collisions that do happen will be less severe.
Speeds are slower in roundabouts because you must turn right to enter the roundabout, turn left to go around the centre island, and turn right to exit the roundabout. All this turning means that you must slow down but you do not necessarily have to stop. Once you are in the roundabout, all traffic is moving in the same direction so traffic flows more smoothly.
Because roundabouts keep traffic flowing, you may use less fuel. This can lead to better air quality because there is less vehicle-related pollution.
Roundabouts may have one or more lanes.
When you approach a roundabout, do these 3 things:
Once you are in the roundabout, follow the traffic signs and road markings to your exit. Do NOT stop to let other vehicles enter.
Roundabouts were developed in the United Kingdom (UK) in the 1960s and now are widely used in many countries. You can expect to see increasing numbers of roundabouts across Canada and the United States.
No. The most important thing to remember about roundabouts is that you must wait for a safe gap in traffic before entering. Once you are in the roundabout you do NOT stop to let other vehicles enter.
You may have had bad experiences with large, old-style traffic circles (also known as "rotaries") such as the Mic Mac Rotary.
Old-style traffic circles were bigger than modern roundabouts. Traffic moved at higher speeds. Drivers were expected to merge and weave their way through. As a result, drivers were often nervous when they had to enter the traffic circle. They had good reason to be. Traffic circles had high collision rates. If roundabouts are new to you, you may think you will have the same issues since they are also circular intersections.
Some ways roundabouts are different from rotaries and traffic circles
The features listed above make entering roundabouts easier than entering traffic circles as most traffic circles do NOT have these features. In addition, traffic circles are unpredictable as different traffic circles have different kinds of entry points.
When you see the following features, you know you are driving on a well-designed roundabout:
All of these features work together to get drivers to slow down and look for a safe gap in traffic.
The design features of a good roundabout improve traffic flow and safety.
Roads leading to roundabouts should curve far enough ahead of the roundabouts to get drivers to slow down.
Traffic islands that separate entrance and exit lanes are called splitter islands. These should extend from the edge of the roundabout into the approaching road. This allows for pedestrian crossings where drivers need look only for pedestrians and not competing traffic.
Traffic signs, road markings, and lighting should warn drivers that they are coming to a roundabout and that they should slow down. With multi-lane roundabouts, signs and lane markings should help drivers choose the lanes they need to enter and exit the roundabout.
Nova Scotia is currently using resources from BC, Alberta, Quebec, Ontario, Florida, and the UK as well as our own experience to help design our roundabouts. In the future we will use the Canadian Roundabout Design Guide as our major resource.
Roundabouts may seem bigger than traditional intersections but they take up about the same amount of space. Since you must turn right to enter a roundabout, there is no need to widen roads to make room for right-turn-only or left-turn-only lanes.
Sometimes, roundabouts need more space than simple intersections controlled by stop signs or traffic signals because the road has to go around a centre island. But the roads leading to roundabouts usually need fewer lanes and so take up less space.
Roundabouts may need more space than traditional intersections. Many factors determine the size of a roundabout. These include the following:
No. Different traffic conditions call for different solutions. Roundabouts are only one tool in the road planning toolbox.
Engineers study one intersection at a time to decide whether a roundabout is right for that particular area. They look at where and how the roads come together as well as traffic conditions before coming up with the best solution for that intersection.
These are some of the reasons engineers would choose a roundabout over a traditional intersection:
These are some other good places for roundabouts:
Roundabouts are NOT the best choice everywhere. These are some areas where traditional intersections may be a better choice:
Yes. Most Nova Scotia roundabouts are designed to handle a standard 53-foot tractor-trailer.
Roundabouts are designed to handle trucks, buses, tractors, and larger vehicles. They do this using a "truck over-run area". This is a slightly raised area around the centre island. The rear wheels of a truck can roll safely over this area making it easy for larger trucks to drive in the roundabout.
A truck over run area lets large trucks go through the roundabout easily and at the same time prevents smaller cars from going too fast.
When you come to a roundabout, you must wait for a safe gap in traffic before entering. Most vehicles come to a rolling stop-if they stop at all-then go slowly through the roundabout. As the driver of a large vehicle, take care to stay close to the left side of the lane when you enter and leave the roundabout. You should be able to drive a standard 53-foot tractor-trailer through most Nova Scotia roundabouts without riding over the curb as long as you go slowly.
Trucks need more space to turn than cars do. When using roundabouts, large trucks need to use all the available space. This means that in multi-lane roundabouts, trucks will have to cross lanes. Roundabouts are designed to allow for this.
Roundabouts are good for trucking because they cut down on delays, idling, and the need for hard breaking and acceleration.
In a traditional intersection with traffic lights, you would have to stop for the red lights, idle your engine and wait. When it is your turn to go, you would have to accelerate from a stopped position to drive through the intersection. The wear on braking systems, fuel consumption, and lost time due to red lights can add up if an intersection is on a haul route.
Yes. Roundabouts add green space wherever they are built and fewer traffic delays mean less air pollution.
Some ways roundabouts are better for the environment:
Studies have found that replacing a traditional intersection with a roundabout can cut green house gas emissions and that drivers can save fuel.
The main benefits of roundabouts are the following:
More ways roundabouts are good things:
Yes. Roundabouts have more green space and less asphalt than traditional intersections. Planners and designers have more freedom to beautify these green spaces safely and at low cost.
Many communities use the centre island of a roundabout to welcome travellers. Designers can plant trees, shrubs, and flowerbeds, or install sculptures or other artwork to make the centre island attractive. Centre islands are safe spaces for gardens and art because pedestrians are NOT meant to use them. Landscaping should NOT encourage pedestrians to explore the centre island.
Yes. Whatever is placed in the centre of the roundabout is put there to get you to look left. You need to look left, rather than across the circle, to find a safe gap in traffic before you enter the circle.
The landscaping in the centre of a roundabout is, first and foremost, a safety feature. It is there to get you to look left in the direction of oncoming traffic. Good landscaping will block your view across the circle so that you are not distracted by activity there. Instead, you are forced to look left before you enter the circle.
Limiting vision in this way gets you to slow down and watch for a safe gap in traffic before you enter the circle.
Roundabouts are new to North America. The switch from traditional intersections to roundabouts began in the 1990s. People are slowly getting used to them, but some still need convincing.
People are creatures of habit. When we are used to doing something one way, we often resist change. Sometimes we can only see the benefit of the change AFTER the change has been made.
Transportation agencies have been installing traffic signals for a long time. It's normal that changing this practice will take a while.
Some drivers and elected officials still need to be convinced that roundabouts are safer and better for the environment than traditional intersections.
What we know is that more people like roundabouts AFTER they use them than when they are proposed.
A study of 6 communities in the US shows this to be true. In the first 3 communities people were asked their opinion of roundabouts before and after they were built. Before the roundabouts were built, only a third of the drivers supported the roundabouts. After they were built, support doubled. A study of 3 more communities had similar results. Just over a third of drivers supported roundabouts before they were built but support jumped to half the drivers after they were built.
About a year after these roundabouts were built, drivers were asked for their opinions again in all 6 communities. This time, 7 out of every 10 drivers supported the roundabouts.
There are thousands of roundabouts in North America. There are about 300 in Canada.
Nevada was the first state to build roundabouts. It began building them in 1990. Soon after, in the late 1990s, Quebec began to build roundabouts. Since then, about 3,000 roundabouts have been built in the US and about 300 in Canada. By comparison, there are about 15,000 roundabouts in Australia, 20,000 in the United Kingdom, and 30,000 in France.
Traditional intersections and roundabouts cost about the same amount to build.
Every intersection is different.
Here are some things that make any intersection more expensive:
Roundabouts use less electricity because it is only used to light the area at night. Some intersections need electricity to power traffic lights.
There are fewer serious collisions in roundabouts and that saves money on healthcare and related costs.
Roundabouts may or may not use more land depending on the number of turn lanes needed for a traditional intersection.
Traffic in the roundabout has the right-of-way. You must wait for a safe gap in traffic before you enter the roundabout.
There are a number of things you must do when you use a roundabout:
Slow down. Roundabouts are designed for speeds of between 30 and 50km/h. Look for signs that will help you to find your exit. Watch for people using the crosswalk and be ready to yield or stop.
Some roundabouts have 2 or more lanes. Follow the signs and road markings to choose the correct lane before you enter the circle. On multi-lane roundabouts, the lane you use to enter the roundabout determines where you can exit.
Remember to yield to ALL lanes of traffic in a multi-lane roundabout.
There are 2 places to yield when approaching a roundabout:
Enter the roundabout when there is a safe gap in traffic. Continue until you reach your exit. Stay in your lane at all times. Do NOT stop except to avoid a collision.
Never drive next to a large vehicle or truck on a multi-lane roundabout and don't try to pass one. Large trucks need a lot of room to turn. You can give them the room they need by staying farther behind them than you normally would with passenger vehicles.
As you near your exit, use your right-turn signal to let others know you plan to exit.
Exit at a slow speed. Watch for people using the crosswalk and be ready to stop. If you miss your exit, keep going around the roundabout until you reach it again.
Emergency vehicles with flashing lights and sirens ALWAYS have the right-of-way. In a roundabout, that means giving the whole roundabout to the emergency vehicle. There are 2 possibilities:
Do NOT stop in the roundabout as you might block the emergency vehicle's path.
Slow down and take your time. If possible, practise driving in the roundabout when traffic is lighter. That way, you will be better prepared to use it in heavier traffic.
Using a roundabout is a lot like making a right turn from a stop sign or traffic light. In that case, you signal your intent to turn, stop at the stop bar, watch for a safe gap in traffic coming from the left, and then turn right onto the cross street.
In a roundabout, you yield to traffic in the roundabout at the yield line. That means you look left for a safe gap in traffic, and drive into the roundabout when the way is clear. Once you are in the roundabout, follow the road until you reach your exit. Signal your intent to exit and continue on to your destination.
Remember to watch for pedestrians and cyclists in the crosswalks.
If the thought of driving in a roundabout makes you nervous, take some time to practise during off-peak hours or whenever traffic is lighter. This way you can get used to driving in the roundabout. The more you practise, the more comfortable you will be driving in the roundabout.
Because of the low speeds, your risk of being in a collision or getting hurt is lower than it is in a traditional intersection.
If you know the rules of the road, pay attention to those around you, and slow down you will do well.
As roundabouts become more common you will get used to how they work. The more you use roundabouts, the more confident you will become.
Studies of roundabouts in the US suggest that they are safer for older drivers than traditional intersections.
In fact, traditional intersections can be more challenging for seniors who are coping with vision loss, hearing loss, trouble thinking, or other physical impairments.
When older drivers are involved in collisions at intersections, it is often because they fail to yield the right-of-way. This is particularly true when they turn left or enter busy roads from side streets. These problems do not exist in roundabouts.
Many seniors like roundabouts. A 2007 study in 6 communities where roundabouts replaced traditional intersections found that about 2 thirds of drivers aged 65 and older supported the roundabouts.
Roundabout ahead. Slow down.
Yield to all traffic in the roundabout including pedestrians at the crosswalk. "Yield' means wait for a safe gap in traffic. You may have to stop. Traffic in the roundabout always has the right-of-way.
Follow the direction of the chevrons. Drive one way, counter-clockwise around the roundabout.
Roundabouts can handle as much traffic as they need to. They are designed to be the right size with the right number of lanes to handle the traffic.
Many people, even some traffic engineers, don't realize how many vehicles can go through a well-designed roundabout. Most roundabouts can handle more traffic with fewer delays than intersections with traffic lights.
Single-lane roundabouts can handle up to 30,000 vehicles a day. They can handle more vehicles than 4-way stop intersections. Roundabouts have fewer and shorter delays than both 4-way stop intersections and intersections with traffic lights. Roundabouts with more than one lane can handle even more traffic.
There are fewer and shorter delays because traffic flows slowly, continuously, and all exits are right turns.
Roundabouts change how traffic flows in an area. Because there are no red lights or stop signs, vehicles can go through without stopping as long as the way is clear. Roundabouts don't 'create' traffic; they just handle it differently.
The goal of a roundabout is to let traffic flow efficiently and continuously. This does not necessarily mean that traffic will increase.
Traditional intersections, particularly those with stoplights, produce stop-and-go traffic patterns. Large numbers of vehicles line up at a red light and move together when the light turns green. This means there is a large gap in traffic downstream when the light is red, but few gaps when the light is green. Joining the flow from a side street or driveway can be difficult.
Roundabouts create a steady flow of traffic with frequent, smaller gaps. These gaps are not predictable, as they are at intersections with traffic lights. They do, however, create more frequent opportunities for drivers to turn out of driveways and side streets.
Here's how it works:
Traffic already in the roundabout has the right-of-way. That means anyone who wants to enter the roundabout must wait for a safe gap in traffic. When vehicles leave the roundabout, they will use different exits. This means that there is NOT a constant flow of traffic leaving the roundabout in any one direction.
When a vehicle leaves the roundabout on a different road than the one a driver waiting to turn onto from a driveway or side street wants to use, there is a gap that that driver can use to enter the flow of traffic. Slower traffic caused by the roundabout also helps drivers turning from driveways or side streets.
Sometimes a large amount of traffic and certain turning patterns can create problems downstream from the roundabout. But these problems would also happen where there is an intersection with a traffic light. At intersections, traffic turning right and left from the cross street tends to fill the gaps between large strings of through traffic.
Snowplows can clear roundabouts just as easily as they do other roads and intersections.
Give snowplows the right-of-way in the roundabout. If you see a snowplow enter the roundabout ahead of you, wait until the plow has finished clearing the roundabout and exited before you enter.
Drivers have to slow down to use a roundabout. Slower cars mean safer intersections.
These are some things that make roundabouts safer than other intersections:
Roundabouts are designed to slow traffic. Slower speeds give everyone more time to fix their mistakes. Collisions that occur at slower speeds are less harmful than those that occur when people drive faster.
There's one main rule: wait for a safe gap in traffic before you enter the roundabout. When you come to a roundabout, the road and signs will prompt you to slow down. As you near the crosswalk, you can see if you need to wait for someone to cross. That person is the only thing to watch for at this point. Once you cross the crosswalk, the next thing to look for is a safe gap in traffic in the roundabout.
The most harmful collisions are those that occur at high speeds or at sharp angles. Roundabouts are designed for speeds of between 30 and 50km/h. If you obey the rules of the roundabout, it is impossible to be in a right-angle or head-on collision.
Collisions happen at conflict points. Conflict points are places where vehicles may hit each other or pedestrians. There are 32 vehicle-to-vehicle conflict points and 24 vehicle-to-pedestrian conflict points at any traditional intersection. That's a total of 56 conflict points. Roundabouts, on the other hand, have 8 vehicle-to-vehicle conflict points and 8 vehicle-to-pedestrian conflict points for a total of 16. This means there are 40 fewer potential crashes wherever roundabouts are built.
According to Transport Canada, there are about 2,500 deaths and 145,000 injuries caused by collisions each year.
Studies done in Europe, New Zealand, the US, and Canada all show that there are fewer injuries caused by collisions in roundabouts than in traditional intersections - up to 74 per cent fewer. These studies also show that injuries caused by collisions in roundabouts are less severe than those that occur at traditional intersections.
That's why Transport Canada recommends changing traditional intersections to roundabouts.
Two things make crossing at roundabouts safer than crossing at traditional intersections:
When you cross at a traditional intersection, you need to look for vehicles in 3 directions: your left, your right, and over your shoulder for vehicles turning right. You also have to watch for drivers running red lights. Drivers running red lights can kill you because they tend to speed.
You are often safer crossing at a roundabout because you only have to watch for traffic coming from one direction at a time. Also, traffic is usually moving more slowly.
Because of this, you are less likely to get hit at a roundabout than at a traditional intersection. Also, there are fewer places for a vehicle to hit you in a roundabout because there are fewer conflict points. If a vehicle does hit you, your injuries will likely be less serious because traffic is slower in roundabouts.
Since you and the driver both have to decide when to go, you are likely to watch for each other more carefully.
As with all intersections, you need to know when vehicles are stopped so you can cross safely. Technologies are being tested across North America to improve crossing for everyone.
The North American transportation community is currently studying how to make roundabouts safer for the visually impaired. Some countries, like the United Kingdom, use crosswalk signals. We are also looking at using tactile surfaces, defined walkway edges, and added lighting.
Yes. Cyclists can ride or walk their bikes through roundabouts.
Because roundabouts are designed for speeds of between 30 and 50km/h, you should be able to ride your bike at nearly the same speed as the vehicles around you. As a cyclist, you can choose to ride on the road, as a vehicle, or use the sidewalk around the roundabout.
When you ride on the road, stay near the middle of the lane so that drivers can see you and will not try to pass you. This is called "claiming the lane." Vehicles should be going about the same speed as you in the roundabout.
If you choose to use the sidewalk around the roundabout, get off your bike and walk on the sidewalk and in crosswalks. Pedestrians have the right-of-way here. Some roundabouts have multi-use trails around them. To use these, you may have to get off your bike to cross a sidewalk or use a crosswalk.
Rear-end collisions are the most common collisions to occur at roundabouts. These are often caused by drivers failing to wait for a safe gap in traffic, or choosing the wrong lane and changing lanes at the wrong time. Still, collisions in roundabouts are less severe than those in other places because of the slower speeds.
Despite the safety benefits of roundabouts, some collisions still occur.
There are 2 kinds of collisions that are more common at single-lane roundabouts: rear-end collisions and entering collisions.
Rear end collisions occur when a vehicle hits the back of another vehicle. This usually happens at the entrance to the roundabout.
Entering collisions occur when a vehicle entering the roundabout does not wait for a safe gap in traffic and hits a vehicle already in the roundabout. These kinds of collision are generally only minor "fender benders." In contrast, head-on and turning collisions that occur at traditional intersections can lead to serious injury or death.
At multilane roundabouts the 2 most common kinds of collisions are "failure to yield" and "improper lane selection".
"Failure to yield" is another way of saying, "did not wait for a safe gap in traffic." In multi-lane roundabouts you must be sure that all lanes are clear before you enter the roundabout. This includes the inside lane. Vehicles in the inside lane will NOT stay there. They will have to leave the roundabout, which means they could move in front of the entering vehicle. This kind of collision is the entering vehicle's fault because it failed to wait for a safe gap in traffic.
Improper lane selection means a driver chose the wrong lane to enter the roundabout. This means the driver has to change lanes quickly inside the roundabout. This happens most frequently near the exit. There are 2 reasons for this:
It is illegal to cause a collision by changing lanes quickly without warning nearby drivers. This is true on all roads, not just roundabouts.
Going too fast in a roundabout can also cause a collision. Some drivers approach the roundabout too quickly to slow down enough to turn into the roundabout or to wait for a safe gap in traffic.
Most roundabouts are designed to warn drivers to slow down in plenty of time. These are some of the warning features: | <urn:uuid:7588f007-0e18-4003-b0ae-1b7f7b1fb6bc> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://novascotia.ca/tran/roundabout/roundabout.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316194.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821194752-20190821220752-00279.warc.gz | en | 0.96275 | 5,211 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Composition and details of headphone socket
Release time：2019-08-02 Clicks： Click
Many friends know a lot about the headphone socket, but they don't know how to make it up. Here we will give you a detailed introduction.
For headphones, everyone knows best, but for headphone sockets, people can get to know more about it. The next part will give you a detailed description of this problem. It is all the years of work experience of the manufacturers of headphone sockets. Introduce the structure of the headphone socket and the matters that we must pay attention to in detail.
The basic structure of headphone socket:
1. Touch parts:
Touch parts are part of the conductivity of RF connectors. They transmit voltage or data signals from PCB boards or cables connected at the end of the commodity to the matching contact parts of the common RF connectors between them. There are many kinds of touch structures and end structures of the touch parts.
2. Insulation layer:
The function of insulating layer in headphone socket is to use touch parts to maintain proper location order, and to insulate the middle of the touch parts and between the touch parts and the cover.
The chassis is the chassis of the headphone socket, which is equipped with mounting touch parts. Together, it is the way to fix the radio frequency connector to the machine equipment.
Common problems with headphone sockets:
1. There are two types of headphone socket package:
A: Software (DIP); b: SMD
2. Outer color of goods: the basic color is grey-black, while the non-grey-black is a unique commodity (the unique commodity must determine at least the order quantity, minimum packaging, cost price and delivery date).
3. Storage: Packaged goods should be stored in environmentally friendly natural environment. The temperature should be - 30 ~65 C, and the air humidity should not exceed 90% of the natural environment.
4. Transportation: It can be transported by all means to avoid pressure, severe impact, rain, snow and so on.
That is to say, the headphone socket manufacturer LETTER electronic devices to the general public generated the relevant composition and common problem level problems.
Because of its advantages of light weight, long life and joyful touch, it has been used in many industries, such as electrical products. With the continuous improvement of people's standard of living, clothing and food, the upgrading of this kind of electrical appliances becomes faster and faster, and the total number of them will become larger and larger, which is the potential direction of its development. | <urn:uuid:e6c9652f-e2a0-42ae-97d1-d3f15c91047e> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | http://www.normagikatt.com/en/news/industry/20190802/4145.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154089.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210731105716-20210731135716-00544.warc.gz | en | 0.932358 | 532 | 2.71875 | 3 |
"Concept to Classroom" is a free professional development workshop series that addresses a variety of relevant topics in education today. The workshop series is a production of Thirteen Ed Online, the online professional development site of the Educational Resources Center at Thirteen/WNET New York.You probably received this letter from an educator in your school/district who is interested in receiving credit for their participation in one of the workshops.
The "Concept to Classroom" workshops were developed by experts in the field and reviewed by a select set of education professionals. Each workshop contains information that is directly applicable to the classroom, and is also appropriate for use in pre-service and in-service training in teacher education programs. The course your teacher is interested in is Tapping into Multiple Intelligences, developed in collaboration with university professors specializing in the theory of Multiple Intelligences. Our online chat expert for this workshop was Howard Gardner. We invite you to visit our "Concept to Classroom" site at http://www.thirteen.org/wnetschool/concept2class/index.html.
In the Tapping into Multiple Intelligences workshop, the educator will have the opportunity to apply the Multiple Intelligences theory to her/his classroom. In particular, the educator will be provided with the framework necessary to develop her/his own M.I. lesson plan. The time involved to complete the workshop is approximately thirty to thirty-five hours. Thirteen Ed Online education experts feel that the time and effort required to participate is worth professional development credit, and recommend that educators who successfully complete this workshop receive two credits.
You should also find two attachments with this letter. We have provided you with some tools to help in your consideration and assessment: a rubric and a syllabus. The Multiple Intelligences Rubric is an important conceptual tool that can help you judge the educator's Multiple Intelligences lesson plan based on specific evaluative criteria. We encourage dialogue between staff members and administration to ensure that everyone is using the same vocabulary and a similar background from which to draw on experiences and their work in the classroom. The syllabus presents an outline of the course, including topics that are covered, assignments, and a list of resources.
We hope that these tools will help you and your educator to determine the awarding of professional development credit.
We thank you for your dedication to continued professional development of educators at your school.
Thirteen Ed Online Team | <urn:uuid:4de6bc86-fb5d-40f6-9a4e-3e4d52ba9bc9> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/mi/credit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860122501.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161522-00137-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958881 | 500 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The two winged lions that confront each other across the span of the Rotunda are the oldest and most massive Chinese sculptures at the Penn Museum. Carved around 200 CE, as the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 CE) was disintegrating, they predate all the stone monuments surrounding them in the gallery, and represent the first flourishing of monumental stone sculpture in East Asia.
This presents us with some interesting questions, especially when we consider the Egyptian Galleries next door filled with large-scale stone sculpture that date millennia earlier than the winged lions. Why are large stone monuments rare in early China, which by the time the winged lions were made had already experienced 1,500 years of literate civilizations with sophisticated arts in a variety of media? What initiated the Chinese enthusiasm for large stone sculpture, seen in the Buddhist monuments that fill the gallery? The winged lions are not Buddhist, but like that religion, which began to influence China at approximately the time they were made, they are the product of impulses from more westerly regions of the Asian continent.
It is 90 years since the winged lions arrived at the Penn Museum. Although several articles have discussed them in the past, Chinese archaeology has flourished spectacularly in the interim and now provides a context for these monuments that was not available earlier. It is time for them to be reexamined.
Winged Lions Arrive in Philadelphia
The winged lions are a pair, male and female. The sculptor provided them with unambiguous genitalia, as well as less obvious sex-linked characteristics: vertical chestribbing and a single horn for the male, contrasting with horizontal chest-ribbing and two horns on the female. Each has a beard.
After their arrival in Philadelphia in 1927, they were published by Helen Fernald, Assistant Curator at the Museum. Fernald compared them to the winged lions from the Southern Dynasties (420–589 CE) imperial tombs near Nanjing, which were already well-known thanks to pioneering photography and studies by Victor Segalen and Matthias Tschang. Though evidently related, the style of the Penn lions differs noticeably from the Southern Dynasties examples. Fernald also noted the unmistakable parallels with fantastic winged beasts of Western and Central Asia, including famous examples from Susa and from the Oxus Treasure. The old gallery photograph on the next page hints at this distant and ancient relationship, juxtaposing the female with a winged bull from the 9th century BCE palace of Ashurnasirpal II at Nimrud in present-day Iraq. (The winged bull and its counterpart on the other side of the arch, a winged lion, are now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.)
Another early gallery photograph, not pictured, shows a third Chinese winged lion in the Rotunda. Unlike the two lions that remain in our gallery today, which were purchased by the Museum from the dealer C.T. Loo, the third remained the property of Loo. It is no longer at Penn, having made the journey across the Atlantic in time to be displayed at the 1935–36 exhibition of Chinese art at the Royal Academy, London—one of the most spectacular displays of Chinese art ever attempted, with loans from the United States, Europe, and China. Today, this third winged lion is in the Musée Guimet in Paris.
The Guimet winged lion is stylistically similar to the pair at Penn. All three are much more similar to one another than to any in the Southern Dynasties group near Nanjing. That all three appeared at the same time in Loo’s collection adds to the probability of a common origin. They clearly reflect a different time and place from the Nanjing examples. But what is their date and where are they from? Since Chinese monumental winged lions come in pairs, where was the counterpart to the third sculpture? Without knowing their original context, answering these questions was difficult. Writing in 1928, Osvald Sirén remarked with pointed irony that these and other examples were offered to museums by dealers with “every possible precaution being taken, of course, against any detailed investigation of their original position.”
Searching for the Origins of the Lions
In 1980, Barry Till, soon-to-be curator of Asian art at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria in British Columbia, compared the Penn winged lions with a securely datable Eastern Han pair from the burial complex of a highranking official named Zong Zi (2nd century CE) and his family. Because of their stylistic similarity, the Penn monuments are likely also to be from the 2nd or 3rd century CE. Till had information, ultimately from C.T. Loo’s documentation, that the Penn monuments came from Neiqiu County, in what is now Hebei Province.
Preliminary confirmation of this location was provided in 1987 by the Chinese scholar, Wang Luyu, who interviewed villagers in the county. They recalled that three “flying horses” were removed some time before the Japanese invasion of 1937, one from the village of Shifangcun and two from the neighboring village of Wucun. They also recalled that a fourth was found while ploughing fields in 1952, but reburied and its location lost. Remarkably, this fourth winged lion reappeared in 1999, confirming the story. In size and style, it is a good match for the Guimet specimen, and the two are likely to be a male-female pair.
Decoding the Winged Lions
At first glance, the two winged lionson display in the Penn Museum’s Rotunda are deceivingly similar in their visual appearance. Upon closer inspection, though, there are several features that designate the gender of the lions as either male (PM object C656) or female (PM object C657). In Chinese art, it is typical to represent pairs of guardian animals as male and female. The winged lions are differentiated by their genitalia and by several differences in physical features; in later periods, guardian lions were differentiated with more subtlety by the placement of a paw on a cub (female) or a ball (male).
The male winged lion is shown above while the female winged lion is seen in the large image below. Both lions are represented with limbs outstretched as if in motion, and their powerful postures and emphasized muscles convey equal strength and fearsomeness.
For both lions, the sculpted wings are nearly identical,
indicating that they are not gender-defining features.
The winged lions are represented with unambiguous genitalia, clearly identifying them as either male or female.
The female lion has two horns running down the back of her head (far left circle inset) while the male lion has only one horn.
The lions’ beards curve in opposite directions, with the male’s beard curving more dramatically.
The chest ribbing of the female lion is horizontal, whereas that of the male is vertical.
Monuments to the Dead
Tracing the Origins of Penn’s Winged Lions
The original locations of the two stone lions currently at the Penn Museum have been traced back to the villages of Shifangcun and Wucun, Neiqiu County, in the modern day province of Hebei, China.
The four winged lions from Wucun and Shifangcun tell us that there were two individuals buried there of sufficient social status to have large stone monuments guarding their tombs. Given the proximity in place and date, it is likely that they were members of the same family. We have already mentioned the comparable winged lions that belonged to Zong Zi and other members of his lineage. During the 2nd century, Zong Zi was Governor (taishou) of Runan (modern Henan), one of the highest ranks in the Han administration, and came from a long line of senior officials. So, we would expect the Wucun and Shifangcun tombs to belong to a similarly prominent family active sometime around the 2nd century CE, but with ties to the Hebei region.
The village of Wucun, from where the Penn Museum winged lions came, is also the site of the remains of a prominent tomb mound. County gazetteers going back to the 17th century report that this was the tomb of Zhang Yan, a warlord who emerged from obscure bandit origins during the social upheavals at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. According to his biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms, by the time of his death early in the 3rd century, he was the most powerful individual in the Hebei region, and recognized as such by the last Eastern Han monarchs, who granted him titles like “General Who Pacifies the North,” and “Marquis of Anguo.”
Most of the tumulus and burial chamber were destroyed in the 1960s, leaving only a fraction of the original volume. No formal record was made of the disturbed tomb, but the objects said to have come from the tomb were of a kind that would be expected for an elite burial of Eastern Han date. So, although total certainty is not possible, it is very likely that the original owner of the Penn Museum winged lions was indeed the warlord Zhang Yan who died in the early 3rd century CE. The Guimet stone sculpture and its rediscovered counterpart likely belonged to a son or grandson.
Stone Columns: A Shared Past
The free-standing, fluted columns with sculptural capitals and inscriptions found at Southern Dynasties tombs are best compared to Indian commemorative pillars. right: Ashoka’s edict-bearing pillars with animal (including lion) capitals were distributed throughout the subcontinent. Photo by Bpilgrim, Wikimedia. center: The Heliodorus Column provides a close stylistic match for the Southern Dynasties columns. Photo from Wikimedia. far right: The column from the tomb of Liang Wen Di in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. Photo by Eric N. Danielson.
Inspiration for These Fantastic Beasts
The families of powerful men such as Zhang Yan and Zong Zi were probably emulating the Eastern Han emperors when they erected monumental stone sculpture at their tombs. As we noted before, the use of large-scale monuments in stone was a recent innovation in China, roughly coinciding in time with the first eastward transmission of Buddhism into the Chinese-speaking world. A tradition of massive stone winged lions and other beasts appears much earlier in the Neo-Assyrian (9th to 7th centuries BCE) and Achaemenid (6th to 4th centuries BCE) empires. In Indian stone reliefs from Buddhist monuments like the Great Stupa at Amaravati, we often find winged lions playing an ornamental role at about the same date as the Penn felines. In addition to its burial mound and winged lions, the village of Wucun has one other feature that sheds light on the exotic roots of stone winged lions in China. But to understand its significance, we first need to take a detour to the imperial tombs of the Southern Dynasties.
After the Han Empire, what had been its territory was for 500 years divided between numerous, often ephemeral, successor dynasties. The so-called Southern Dynasties (420–589 CE) had their capital and their imperial burial grounds near modern Nanjing. The tombs of the royal families are the sites of the biggest and bestknown assembly of stone winged lions in China. The Southern Dynasties monarchs had continued (or perhaps had been prompted to revive) the Eastern Han tradition of stone winged lions as funeral monuments.
The Southern Dynasties tombs preserve the original layout of the tomb complex, with stone monuments aligned symmetrically along a “spirit road” toward the burial mound. Since none of the Han period sites with monumental winged lions preserves their original and complete layout, the configuration at the Southern Dynasties tombs is a useful guide to how the Han monuments might have been arranged.
A key to understanding the foreign origins of the Chinese winged lions, and to reconstructing the historical processes connecting them to Assyrian, Iranian, or Indian precursors, is the monument shown above: a freestanding, limestone, fluted, inscription-bearing column. Pairs of such columns, originally with lion capitals, were an indispensable component of the Southern Dynasties imperial tombs.
The presence of columns like these in China is striking. For many observers today, a fluted column might evoke the architecture of the ancient Mediterranean world (and its many revivals), or perhaps Persepolis. Besides formal similarity to stone columns in other cultures, and an association with foreign-looking winged lions, several things indicate that stone columns are exotic in China. The use of stone columns in China is narrowly circumscribed, confined to funerary contexts. During the 5th and 6th centuries they are uniquely associated with the Southern Dynasties imperial tombs. Examples from the 2nd to 4th centuries are also known, and again only as tomb monuments.
They have no architectural analogues either. Weightbearing pillars are fundamental to Chinese architecture, but like all other structural elements in traditional Chinese buildings, they are wood and never stone. The Chinese stone columns are free-standing, and the only load they bear (when it survives in place) is a lion or similar sculptural capital. Free-standing columns are a prominent feature of early Indian stone monuments. The edict-bearing pillars of Ashoka with animal capitals (3rd century BCE) are well-known. The free-standing inscribed Pillar of Heliodorus (2nd century BCE) in Madhya Pradesh provides a closer formal match for the capital, fluting, and other ornamentation found on the Southern Dynasties stone columns. The exact functions of these commemorative pillars varies of course: the Chinese examples mark tombs, with the name of the tomb occupant recorded in the inscription, while the Indian pillars and their inscriptions have no funerary associations. The subcontinent-wide distribution of the Ashokan edict pillars, and Heliodorus’ inscription recording his embassy from the Hellenistic king Antialkidas of Taxila (northern Pakistan), hint at some of the mechanisms responsible for a widespread currency of this monumental form. This includes the unprecedented interregional connectivity made possible by the growth of empires and their literate bureaucracies. These empires invested in monuments at their political and religious centers, and influential courtiers traveling between these centers carried news of what they had seen.
Indian Stone Monuments
“We came to the city of Pataliputra in Magadha, where King Ashoka had once had his capital. The halls of the royal palace which stand today as in antiquity were all built by demons and spirits, with masonry walls and gates, and carved ornament and sculpted reliefs, like nothing made in this world.
Ashoka demolished the seven stupa reliquaries to construct eighty-four thousand new ones. The Great Stupa, the first that he built, is three miles south of the city. Before it is a footprint of the Buddha, where the king constructed a monastery with its entrance facing north toward the stupa. South of the stupa stands a stone column twelve feet in circumference and twentyfive feet tall bearing an inscription.…Three or four hundred paces north of the stupa is where Ashoka built the castle of Nili, in the center of which is a stone column, again over twentyfive feet in height, with a lion capital, and an inscription recording the reason for building the castle of Nili and the date.”
The Importance of Stone Columns at Wucun
Returning to the village of Wucun, it will now be obvious why the discovery of a fallen stone column in the vicinity of the tomb mound is significant. Stone columns and monumental winged lions are known to occur at Han tombs, but Wucun, despite the damage to the tumulus and the dispersal of its winged lions, is the only site earlier than the Southern Dynasties tombs where we have evidence that winged lions and stone columns were used together as “spirit road” monuments. We expect that other Eastern Han tombs would have combined winged lions with free-standing columns, and it will be interesting to see if future archaeological work bears this out.
Chinese winged lions, then, were not an isolated borrowing from more westerly parts of Asia. They were just one of several monumental features, including stone columns and perhaps extending more broadly to the use of stone masonry and rock-cut chambers, which had previously been uncommon in China. These diverse traits were combined and reinterpreted during the 1st and 2nd centuries CE to form the monumental configurations that we find at elite Eastern Han tombs.
It has sometimes been suggested that the winged lion in Chinese art was introduced via the nomads of the Eurasian grasslands through easily transported small metal ornaments. Fantastic, aggressive felines are certainly part of the art of the nomads, and of the wide currency of the winged feline motif. But stone columns have no counterpart in nomadic art, and indicate a different mechanism of transmission: eyewitness encounters with stone monumental complexes by socially well-placed, intellectually engaged individuals with influence in the Chinese courts.
No such eyewitness accounts early enough to have influenced Eastern Han winged lions and columns have come down to us in writing, although many people would have been capable of relating them. We get some sense of how the stone monuments of India, Central Asia, and Parthian Iran might have impressed themselves upon the imagination of visitors from the Eastern Han by reading the later, 5th-century CE travelogue of the Buddhist monk Faxian, the earliest work of Chinese literature to include detailed accounts of foreign monuments and architecture. Faxian’s journey via Central Asia to India was motivated by his distress at the fragmentary state of the books of monastic rules then available in China, and Faxian’s legacy includes translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese made after his return. In his travelogue, he describes the already ancient stone architecture of Ashoka’s palace at Pataliputra (modern Patna, Bihar, India), and the city’s reliquary stupas and monasteries. At Pataliputra and elsewhere, Faxian’s description dwells upon free-standing stone columns with lion capitals, set up to bear commemorative inscriptions, which find echoes both in the Southern Dynasties monuments erected during the century and a half following his return to China, and in stone pillars erected earlier at Eastern Han sites like Wucun, where the Penn winged lions once stood.
In the Museum gallery, the winged lions stand surrounded by examples of monuments from China’s subsequent tradition of stone sculpture that continued many of the same traits that they exemplify. These include the two famous reliefs of warhorses from the burial complex of the Taizong Emperor (r. 626–649 CE) of the Tang Dynasty, where the convention was continued of arranging monumental sculpture symmetrically along the main line of approach to a major tomb. The Buddhist statues and narrative steles reflect the same creative response by Chinese sculptors to the stimulus of ideas and visual vocabulary from China’s Asian neighbors.
ADAM SMITH PD.D., is Assistant Curator in the Asian Section.QIN ZHONGPEI is a graduate of the Penn School of Design.
For Further Reading
Qin Zhen 秦臻. “Handai Lingmu Shi Shou Yanjiu” [Research on stone animal monuments at Han tombs] 漢代陵墓石 獸研究. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 文物出版社, 2016.
Till, B. “Some Observations on Stone Winged Chimeras at Ancient Chinese Tomb Sites,” Artibus Asiae 42.4 (1980): 261–81. | <urn:uuid:94b42558-2a07-436b-89f0-8acb14f5eb8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/marking-the-spirit-road/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103034877.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625065404-20220625095404-00327.warc.gz | en | 0.959387 | 4,220 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The writing system of ancient Mesopotamia, consisting of wedges pressed into clay.
Gods or goddesses; powerful supernatural figures worshipped by humans.
The first major civilization of ancient Mesopotamia, arising in the fifth millennium B.C.E. and lasting through the early second millennium B.C.E.; the Sumerians invented the first writing system, cuneiform. | <urn:uuid:b0f91826-d97e-4121-8f1e-3fdcf44d16fc> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://bibleodyssey.org/en/tools/image-gallery/g/gudea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744381.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118135147-20181118161147-00245.warc.gz | en | 0.84628 | 80 | 3.4375 | 3 |
There is a difference in HTML <div> tag and <span> tag although both tags are used to show data in the HTML body. <div> elements are block elements in HTML and XHTML? and automatically appear on its own line. Here is the difference in the presentation in both tag. If you need to show data on the same line as other text then you can use <span> element instead of <div> element. The <div> element is the most popular, but it is a block element and takes up its own lines in the browser. If you want to place new text inline, use <span> tag. | <urn:uuid:6fbdc338-5aed-4ad2-aba4-a9504121d4f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.bala-krishna.com/html-div-tag-versus-span-tag/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337404.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20221003070342-20221003100342-00486.warc.gz | en | 0.878473 | 129 | 3 | 3 |
If life expectancy were a marathon, you could say the United States is fading from the pack. Although everyone is living longer, the inhabitants of other industrialized nations have made more dramatic strides in life expectancy than Americans have. Australian men gained an extra six years between 1980 and 2001; Japanese women, 6.1 years. The result: Americans, once on par with countries such as Italy and New Zealand - in the middle of the pack - now rank below Spain and Greece, near the end.
Men, for example, average 74.4 years in the US, 75.6 in Spain, and 75.4 in Greece.
On the face of it, this shouldn't be happening.
Healthier nations are usually wealthier nations. The United States is the third richest of the 30 developed nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), after Luxembourg and Norway. But it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy - down from 12th for women and 18th for men in 1980.
Could the problem be inadequate healthcare spending?
No. The US spends $1 of every $7 of its gross domestic product on healthcare - far more than any other OECD nation, which typically devotes less than $1 in $10 of GDP to the sector. Per person, that works out to an extra $1,800 compared with the Swiss or $2,300 compared with the Canadians, even though both those groups live longer than Americans.
So what's at work?
One factor could be diet, according to a new study on longevity by Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, and two students, Robert Hatch and James Lee. Americans have been getting fatter, and physicians maintain that obesity often shrinks a person's life span.
"Americans don't seem to take care of themselves well," says Gary Burtless, an economist at the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank.
On the positive side, US alcohol and tobacco consumption is more moderate than the OECD average.
Another factor holding back longevity: poverty. The quarter to a third of Americans with low incomes often have less money than the same low-income groups in several other rich countries, points out Mr. Burtless.
A third factor - inequality - exacerbates the problem. The most prosperous 10 percent of Americans receive 17 times as much income as those in the bottom 10 percent. In countries with high life expectancies among those at 65 - such as Japan, Sweden, and Norway - the top 10 percent makes only five times as much income, Professor Munnell says.
The US also struggles with inequality in healthcare. While most rich nations have universal coverage, 45 million in the US didn't have health insurance last year, according to census statistics - a rise of 5.2 million since 2000. Millions more have insurance only part of the year.
Many of those without health insurance tend to postpone medical care for chronic problems, though they may go to hospital emergency facilities in a crisis.
Thus, a better predictor of life expectancy than GDP may be the average GDP for the bottom 40 percent of the population, notes the Boston College study. Here the US falls in the middle of the pack of rich countries, rather than at the top.
And for all the money the US showers on healthcare, it's not clear that it's well-spent. Some experts see the complex American healthcare system as costly and wasteful. One estimate is that $294.3 billion, or 24 percent of total healthcare spending in 1999, went to administrative costs for insurers, employers, and providers of healthcare.
If pushing American longevity back toward the head of the class depends on changes in public policy, the prospects don't look good. Too many political obstacles get in the way.
For instance: Some 60 percent of Americans get excellent healthcare through Medicare, corporate health plans, or other plans. So they're unlikely to vote for a system providing health coverage for lower-income people, says Burtless, because it would mean higher taxes.
If longevity depends on more equal distribution of income, similar challenges arise. Those with low incomes aren't usually politically active. And the economy, after narrowing the rich-poor gap in the late 1990s, is now widening it again.
"This is a real problem for our democracy," says Burtless. | <urn:uuid:b8e5a624-17c0-4e75-a4bb-ffccef1ecd47> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0909/p17s01-cogn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585209.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018190451-20211018220451-00512.warc.gz | en | 0.955752 | 884 | 2.515625 | 3 |
If you are developing a website that needs to deal with sensitive data, you’ll use authentication schemes such as ASP.NET forms authentication. However, these authentication schemes prevent access to web pages, the user credentials, and the data involved in the communication is sent as plain text. This is bad for your site because the data is sent in an unencrypted form, which means it can be easily intercepted by any malicious programs and can pose security threat to your website.
To secure the information, the sent text must be encrypted first before it is sent. An industry standard process is to use Secure Sockets Layer. This article will show how to use SSL in ASP.NET Web API.
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Amino acids are powerful agents that promote rapid muscle development
Amino Acids have many structures and functions. One of the most obvious and important function is for the direct incorporation of amino acids to muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is compose primarily of amino acids which build a long muscle fibers of the legs, arms, back, neck and hips. In order to have strong muscles, it is absolutely necessary to get adequate protein. Some sources of protein are better than others.
Scientists describe three categories of Amino Acids. First, there are non-essential amino acids. Our bodies make these from food sources when we obtain adequate nutrients. Second, there are essential amino acids that must come from protein on a diet. Our bodies cannot make this type. Third, there are conditionally essential amino acids which are most needed during physical exertion, stress, injury and recovery from disease or operation. When we are under any of these conditions, we need more of both the non-essential and essential amino acids.
Laminine contains all 22 Amino Acids +
The Fertilized Avian Egg Extract in the Laminine Formula is very high in free Amino Acids which are absorb quickly and enter the bloodstream fairly rapidly because they do not need a long process of breaking them down to digestion. Laminine contains the full array of amino acids. This means Laminine has a complete profile of all essential and non-essential amino acids in a natural, non-synthetic form. Laminine is also fortified with other natural, easily digest protein from pea and marine proteins. Simple proteins can fairly be absorbed fairly quickly. Laminine is a perfect protein supplement.
Scientists have discovered that amino acid supplementation enhances strength and increases muscle mass during workouts or exercise. A large analysis of 22 studies that has a total of 680 subjects showed an increase in muscle mass and strength in both trained and untrained subjects who consume simple protein and/or amino acids supplements. They experience statistically significant increases in muscle mass and also in strength as measured by leg press strength.
Studies on Laminine
Additional studies have shown that subjects who took amino acid supplements 30 to 60 minutes before bed and/or 30 to 60 minutes after their workouts for a period of six weeks showed a formidable gain in muscle mass and strength. This increase occurs because when the amino acids enter the bloodstream flow to the muscle fibers during exercise, they are incorporated to the muscle fiber even better.
Regardless of age and training, the subjects on protein or amino acids supplements experience increase of muscle mass and strength as compared to those in placebo. Placebos were on the form of carbohydrate drinks or water. The amount of the protein supplement consume prior to exercise was equivalent to 9 to 15 Laminine capsules or more.
Another study evaluated a group of 22 women masters athletes aged 52 to 54 years who rode in Pascu competitions. The group supplemented with Alanine Amino Acids for 28 days showed increase cycling performance as measured by the time they become exhausted and by greater work output. An added benefit was that Lactic Acid was found to clear much faster from the blood in the amino acid supplemented group as compared to placebo. Lactic acid produced turns strenuous exercises called muscle soreness and stiffness.
Take Laminine within the 30 to the 60-minute window after your workout.
Laminine promotes faster recovery from surgical operation.
Research has proven that supplementing quality protein and amino acids builds strength. To optimize your muscle building and strength, take Laminine within the 30 to the 60-minute window after your workout. Laminine capsules are easy to swallow. It can also opened up and sprinkled on food or mixed in the smoothies, yogurt, and beverages. It’s a practical and cost-effective way to boost your strength and overall health. Whether you’re an aspiring athlete or just trying to get protein and amino acids your body needs to function optimally.
Laminine contains 22 full chains of amino acids. The clear benefits of taking these special proteins are backed by science, studies, and user testimonials. One of its important work is for strong muscle tissues. There 3 categories: non-essentials, essential, conditionally essential that is most needed during stress, injury, or recovery from an operation. | <urn:uuid:a9c5fadc-cebc-4dfe-8ac9-0077a3ba52a6> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.altheadistributor.com/the-secret-power-of-amino-acids-for-muscle-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038075074.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413213655-20210414003655-00322.warc.gz | en | 0.955236 | 877 | 2.96875 | 3 |
In San Diego, sunny skies and warm weather year-round mean building projects are constantly underway. However, the sounds of jackhammers, heavy equipment, and busy construction crews really kick into high gear during summer. And, as the temperatures continue to climb, so does the risk of health problems caused by exposure to extreme heat.
According to OSHA statistics, 2,630 workers suffered from heat illness and 18 died from heat stroke and related causes on the job in 2014. Luckily, heat illnesses and deaths are can be prevented by taking extra precautions in hot and humid work conditions.
Construction companies have a certain responsibility to provide a work environment that’s free of known safety hazards, but it is also a worker’s duty to know the risks of a job site and take the proper safety measures to avoid them. This includes protection against extreme heat. Here are a few safety tips for avoiding summer hazards while working in construction:
Drink Water When Working in Construction in San Diego
Drink plenty of water, even if you’re not thirsty. Keep water at a cool temperature in an easy-to-reach place. Drink at least once every 15 minutes, and avoid soda and energy drinks.
Eat a Healthy Meal Before Working on a Construction Job
Eat a healthy meal during the hottest time of day. Skip high-fat, greasy fast food in favor of a lighter meal, like half of a sandwich, a bag of chips, unsweetened ice tea, and an apple.
Avoid Working in Direct Sunlight to Avoid Injuries on a Construction Site
Avoid working in direct sunlight. If this isn’t possible, schedule frequent breaks in a shaded area to cool down and wear evaporative cooling clothing with UV and insect protection.
Cover Your Head for Safety While Working on Construction
Cover your head. Hard hats should be worn at all times on a job site. If you can find one with a wide brim, you’ll protect yourself from falling objects and the harsh sun. Add a nape protector or wrap-around sun visor to maximize protection.
Be Alert for Signs of Heat Illness in San Diego
Be alert for signs of heat illness. The order of seriousness is heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. At the first indication something is wrong, stop what you’re doing. Seek water and shade and notify your supervisor immediately.
Heat Illnesses & Deaths at San Diego Construction Sites are Preventable
Construction jobs entail some of the most physically challenging work in America, and they can be very dangerous for employees and contractors if the proper precautions aren’t taken. Falling, electrocution, and accidents involving machinery are some of the most common incidents on a construction site. But during summer, the extreme heat adds an entirely new set of safety hazards workers need to prepare for.
Alas, no matter how careful you are to stay hydrated, eat right, and cover up in direct sunlight, heat illness can still happen. If you experience a combination of the following symptoms on the job, notify your supervisor or call 911 immediately:
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion
* Sweaty skin
* Nausea and vomiting
* Fast heart beat
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
* Red, hot, and dry skin
* High temperature
If you think you will need medical attention and/or time off work to recover from heat exhaustion or heat stroke, fill out a workers’ compensation claim form as soon as possible. From there, it’s your employer’s job to notify the insurance company and recommend the company’s doctor for an evaluation.
Are you suffering from heat illness due to a hot and humid work environment in San Diego?
The Law Office of Gerald D. Brody & Associates is here to help. Our workers’ compensation lawyers are experienced and skilled in helping construction workers collect the benefits they need, including those ill due to heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Call us today at (619) 528-9800 to schedule your free, initial consultation. | <urn:uuid:ff43d489-aaec-439c-89db-7db087f4a7a1> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://www.geraldbrodylaw.com/blog/2016/6/14/avoiding-summer-hazards-while-working-in-the-construction-industry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947693.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180425041916-20180425061916-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.925678 | 835 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Can solar cells be made more efficient? That's the question a team from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY) and Columbia University asked when conducting some recent experiments. They came up with a novel solution.
One challenge in improving the efficiency of solar cells is that some of the absorbed light energy is lost as heat. So, scientists have been looking to design materials that can convert more of that energy into useful electricity, according to a news release from Brookhaven Labs.
Working on a project funded through the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center at Columbia funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science, the team paired up polymers that recover some of that lost energy by producing two electrical charge carriers per unit of light instead of the usual one.
|Postdoctoral fellow Erik Busby and Matt Sfeir with optical equipment they used to study charge carrier production in organic photovoltaic polymers at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials.|
"Critically, we show how this multiplication process can be made efficient on a single molecular polymer chain," said physicist Matthew Sfeir, who led the research at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility. "Having the two charges on the same molecule means the light-absorbing, energy-producing materials don't have to be arrayed as perfect crystals to produce extra electrical charges. Instead, the self-contained materials work efficiently when dissolved in liquids, which opens the way for a wide range of industrial-scale manufacturing processes, including printing solar-energy-producing material like ink." The research was published in an advance online publication of Nature Materials on Jan. 12, 2015.
The concept of producing two charges from one unit of light is called singlet fission. (Think of the fission that splits a single biological cell into two when cells multiply.) Devices based on this multiplication concept have the potential to break through the upper limit on the efficiency of so-called single junction solar cells, which is currently around 34%. The challenges go beyond doubling the electrical output of the solar cell materials, because these materials must be incorporated into actual current-producing devices. But the hope is that the more-efficient current-generating materials could be added on to existing solar cell materials and device structures, or spark new types of solar cell designs, according to information from Brookhaven.
Most singlet fission materials explored so far result in twin charge carriers being produced on separate molecules. These only work well when the material is in crystalline film with long-range order, where strong coupling results in an additional charge being produced on a neighboring molecule. Producing such quality crystalline films integrated with solar cell manufacturing complicated the process. By contrast, producing the twin charges on a single polymer molecule results in a material that's compatible with a much wider variety of industrial processes.
The materials were designed and synthesized by a Columbia University team led by Professor Luis Campos, and analyzed at Brookhaven using specialized tools at the CFN and in the Chemistry Department. For Sfeir and Campos, the most fascinating part of the interdisciplinary project was exploring the electronic and chemical requirements that enable this multiplication process to occur efficiently.
"We expect a significant leap in the development of third-generation hot-carrier solar cells," said Campos. "This approach is especially promising because the materials' design is modular and amenable to current synthetic strategies that are being explored in second-generation organic solar cells."
At the CFN, Sfeir and Erik Busby (a postdoctoral fellow) used time-resolved optical spectroscopy to induce and quantify singlet fission in the various polymer compositions using a single laser photon. Xiaoyang Zhu of Columbia helped to understand the data and interpret results.
"We put light energy into a material with a laser pulse and watched what happens to that energy using a series of weaker light pulses - somewhat analogous to taking snapshots using a camera with a very fast shutter," Sfeir said.
The team also studied the same process using "pulse radiolysis" in collaboration with John Miller, who runs the Laser-Electron Accelerator Facility. "The differences observed between these two experiments allowed us to unambiguously identify singlet fission as the primary process responsible for the production of these twin charges," Sfeir said.
With Qin Wu, the team also used a powerful computer cluster at the CFN to model these materials and understand the design requirements that were necessary for singlet fission to take place.
The next steps for the CFN-Columbia team will be to test a large class of materials using the design framework they've identified, and then integrate some of these carbon-based polymer materials into functioning solar cells.
"Even though we have demonstrated the concept of multiplication in single molecules," Sfeir said, "the next challenge is to show we can harness the extra excitations in an operating device. This may be in convention bulk type solar cells, or in third-generation concepts based on other inorganic (non-carbon) nanomaterials. The dream is to build hot-carrier solar cells that could be fully assembled using solution processing of our organic singlet fission materials." | <urn:uuid:41b052b8-5cac-4f42-8ebb-c88df442235b> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.plasticstoday.com/improving-solar-cell-output-new-polymer-material | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057417.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923074537-20210923104537-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.928448 | 1,091 | 4.03125 | 4 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Favorable gallbladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with good ranking of world’s health system and high expenditures on health
BMC Public Health volume 19, Article number: 1025 (2019)
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. MIR as a prognostic marker is more accessible when compared with long-term follow-up survival surveys. Theoretically, countries with good health care systems would have favorable outcomes for cancer; however, no report has yet demonstrated an association between gallbladder cancer MIR and the World’s Health System ranking.
We used linear regression to analyze the correlation of MIRs with the World Health Organization (WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) in 57 countries selected according to the data quality.
The results showed high crude rates of incidence/mortality but low MIR in more developed regions. Among continents, Europe had the highest crude rates of incidence/mortality, whereas the highest age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence/mortality were in Asia. The MIR was lowest in North America and highest in Africa (0.40 and 1.00, respectively). Furthermore, favorable MIRs were correlated with good WHO rankings and high e/GDP (p = 0.01 and p = 0.030, respectively).
The MIR variation for gallbladder cancer is therefore associated with the ranking of the health system and the expenditure on health.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) and extra-hepatic duct cholangiocarcinoma are rare diseases with age standardized incidence rates of around 2 to 3 per 100,000 populations in both gender separately worldwide [1, 2]. GBC is a highly fatal malignancy, with a 5-year survival rate around 13%, and the only effective treatment is early diagnosis [3, 4]. GBC has a prominent geographic variability associated with the prevalence of risk factors such as cholelithiasis . GBC has a higher incidence in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia, according to previous studies . GBC has other known characteristics apart from this geographic issue, such as age , race, and gender , suggesting that the age-standardized rate (ASR) is more reliable than the crude rate as a method for disease evaluation of GBC.
The known risk factors of GBC are gallbladder disease (including gallstones , porcelain gallbladder , and gallbladder polyps ); chronic inflammation of the bile duct (e.g., primary sclerosing cholangitis , choledochal cysts, and abnormal pancreaticobiliary duct junctions ); and chronic bacterial infections (e.g., Salmonella and Helicobacter infections ) . In terms of these risk factors, congenital abnormalities and chronic bacterial infections are common mainly in low socioeconomic areas, whereas high-fat diets and Caucasian ethnicity increase the possibility of GBC in high socioeconomic countries.
The only treatment that provides a good outcome for GBC is early curative resection. The 5-year mortality rate is around 50% in cases with peri-muscular connective tissue involvement , regardless of the treatment choice of surgical resection or adjuvant chemotherapy. The poor response of current chemotherapy regimens means that once GBC invades beyond the gallbladder, the outcome becomes poor and the median survival is only around 3 years [4, 18]. Chemoradiotherapy is another approach for treatment of systemically spreading GBCs, but no randomized trials have yet directly compared the effectiveness of chemotherapy alone versus concomitant chemoradiotherapy .
Technical and equipment improvements suggest that health care systems may be able to improve early lesion detection. Better socioeconomic conditions can prevent delays in surgical cholecystectomy, thereby avoiding the extra-gallbladder spread of GBC. We considered that the mortality-to-incidence (MIR) ratio for GBC would be low in a country with a good health care system, as a similar concept has recently been confirmed for prostate and colon cancers [20,21,22,23]. The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between World Health Organization (WHO) ranking, geographic region, total expenditure on health/gross domestic product (GDP; e/GDP), and the ASR of GBC incidence and mortality. Our results provide an overview of the MIR and health disparities worldwide for GBC.
The data acquisition protocol was described previously . In brief, the cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database, which presented estimates for 2012. The crude rate and ASR are multiplied by 100,000 (cases per 100,000 populations). The database is maintained by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (http://gco.iarc.fr/). The WHO rankings are the World Health Organization’s ranking of the health systems based on an index of factors including health, responsiveness, and fair financial contribution. The health expenditure and life expectancies were obtained from the World Health Statistics 2015 of WHO.
The GLOBOCAN 2012 database contains information for 184 countries. We excluded countries that lacked WHO ranking data (22 countries) or that had a low availability level of data (i.e., a ranking of E to G for incidence or a ranking of 4 to 6 for mortality; 105 countries). Ultimately, 57 countries were used for our analyses. The MIR was defined previously as the ratio of the crude rate of mortality to the incidence .
The method used for statistical analysis was described previously . We evaluated the association between the MIRs and variants via linear regression using SPSS statistical software version 15.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Scatter plots were produced using Microsoft Excel 2010.
The distribution of incidence and mortality numbers/rates in gallbladder cancer according to regions
The incidence/mortality numbers, crude rates, ASR, and MIRs are listed in Table 1. The survey included 178,101 incidences and 142,823 mortalities worldwide. The more developed regions had higher crude rates of incidence/mortality, but favorable ASR and MIRs, when compared with the less developed regions. In the categories of WHO regions, the WHO Western Pacific region had the highest number, crude rates, and ASR of incidence/mortality. However, when we grouped the countries via continent, the highest crude rates of incidence/mortality were in Europe and the highest ASR of incidence/mortality was in Asia. In both categories, Africa had the highest MIR and the WHO Americas region and North America had the lowest MIR.
The World Health Organization ranking and total health expenditure are correlated with the mortality-to-incidence ratios in gallbladder cancer
The data for 57 selected countries are summarized in Table 2. The mean e/GDP was 8.0%, with a standard deviation of 2.6 (ranging from 4.0% [Malaysia and Fiji] to 17.0% [United States of America]). Among the 57 countries, Japan had the highest incidence and mortality number for GBC. For both the incidence and mortality rates, Japan had the highest incidence and mortality crude rates and Chile had the highest incidence and mortality ASR. Five countries had MIR values greater than or equal to 1.00, including Sweden (1.23), Estonia (1.12), Egypt (1.00), the Republic of South Africa (1.00), and Oman (1.00).
The association between crude rate/age-standardized rate of incidence/mortality and the WHO ranking or e/GDP is illustrated in Additional file 1: Figure S1 and S2. No significant association was noted, except between the e/GDP and the crude rate of incidence (p = 0.031, Additional file 1: Figure S2A). The favorable MIRs of 57 countries were significantly associated with good WHO ranking and high e/GDP (R2 = 0.176, p = 0.001; R2 = 0.083, p = 0.030, respectively, Fig. 1).
In this study, we analyzed the correlation of incidence, mortality, and MIRs for GBC with WHO rankings and total expenditures on health/GDP. A correlation between MIR and health care disparities was confirmed previously for many cancers [20, 23]. Our analysis showed that the more developed regions have higher crude rates of incidence and mortality but favorable ASR and MIRs when compared with the less developed regions. The developed regions and countries have greater numbers of elderly people and older age is one important risk factor of GBC; consequently, the crude rates of incidence and mortality were higher in the more developed regions, but the condition was reversed for ASR and MIRs. The geographic continent analysis revealed that the WHO Western Pacific region and Asia had the highest ASR of incidence and mortality for GBC and these results were similar to those of previous studies of geographic regions [5, 24] published decades ago. Both the WHO America region and North America showed a median ASR of incidence and the lowest age-standardized mortality and MIRs. These results imply an importance of economic level and e/GDP in GBC prognosis.
The best treatment choice is early diagnosis, so screening programs and high probability population for GBC have been established in some studies [25, 26]. The availability of precision instruments and experienced physicians are known key factors for the early diagnosis of GBC. Africa had the lowest crude rates and ASR of incidence/mortality, but the highest MIR around the world.
The WHO ranking and e/GDP showed no significant correlations with the crude rate and ASR of incidence/mortality, except for the crude rate of incidence. We found an association between a higher e/GDP and a higher crude rate of incidence for GBC in our analysis. We believe that the higher e/GDP countries have better or more frequent screening programs, which lead to more GBC diagnoses. Furthermore, the favorable MIRs of 57 countries are significantly associated with good WHO ranking and high e/GDP (R2 = 0.176, p = 0.001; R2 = 0.083, p = 0.030, respectively, Fig. 1).
This study has some limitations. First, many countries, and especially those in the least developed areas in the world, do not participate in the WHO, and this may influence the impact of total e/GDP on GBC incidence. Second, the ethnicity, geographic region, and national health insurance issues (especially for e/GDP) could not be fully analyzed in our study, and these issues may add some bias to our study. Third, the use of MIR for predicting disease outcome has many limitations, since MIR was calculated from the cross-sectional data of mortality and incidence for a certain period causing different patients calculated in the incidence and mortality. MIR would not substitute for prognostic data from long-term follow up or from a cohort study. Forth, we excluded countries with relatively poor or unknown data quality which changes the distribution of countries according to the regions or continents. We analyzed the main results without country selection, the conclusion remains unchanged. The favorable MIRs of all countries were significantly associated with good WHO ranking and high e/GDP (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.118, p < 0.001, respectively, Additional file 1: Figure S3). Other limitations include the lack of detailed information about the disease clinical parameters, health care facilities or policies, socioeconomic determinant, and confounding factors of cancer risks. Despite these limitations, MIR appears to provide more accessible data when compared with long-term follow up survival surveys.
In conclusion, the MIRs of GBC showed a significant correlation with the WHO ranking and e/GDP in this study. We successfully demonstrated that MIRs could reflect the health care disparities in GBC worldwide and could explain the differences in crude rates and ASR of incidence and mortality between WHO region categories and geographic continents.
Availability of data and materials
All the data were obtain from global statistic of GLOBOCAN (http://gco.iarc.fr/). The database of GLOBOCAN 2012 is closed while this manuscript was under revision since the updated database is released. The database might be available upon request to the IARC.
Total expenditures on health/gross domestic product
Gross domestic product
World Health Organization
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The results were presented at APDW 2018 (EE-0207; PE-0029, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14483).
This work was supported by grant from the Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (CSH-2013-A-027). The sponsors of the study had no role in the study design, in the collection of data, analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
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All authors declare no competing interest. All authors are employees of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Figure S1. The association between the World Health Organization rankings and the crude rates of (A) incidence, and (B) mortality; the ASR of (C) incidence, and (D) mortality. Figure S2. The association between the total expenditures on health/GDP and the crude rates of (A) incidence, and (B) mortality; the ASR of (C) incidence, and (D) mortality. Figure S3. The (A) World Health Organization rankings (N = 142) and (B) total expenditures on health/GDP (N = 139) are significantly associated with the MIR in gallbladder cancer under investigation without country selection. (DOCX 739 kb)
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Wang, C., Tsai, M., Wang, S. et al. Favorable gallbladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with good ranking of world’s health system and high expenditures on health. BMC Public Health 19, 1025 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7160-z
- Gallbladder cancer
- Mortality-to-incidence ratio | <urn:uuid:2236a452-ff78-42b6-b882-9c16120155bd> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7160-z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400196999.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920062737-20200920092737-00406.warc.gz | en | 0.884669 | 4,807 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The Middle East and North Africa are one of the driest regions on earth. Nearly two-thirds of the Middle East and North Africa is desert. A desert is land that receives an average of less than ten inches of rain per year. The Sahara Desert of northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across 3.5 million square miles, a area larger than the United States if you excluded Alaska and Hawaii. The Rub ‘al-Khali, or “Empty Quarter” is a large desert in Saudi Arabia. It is the largest area of continuous sand on earth.
Desert air contains little moisture, so few clouds form over the land. Without clouds to block the sun, temperatures may reach as high as 125°F during the day. At night, without the clouds to contain the heat, the desert temperature can fall to as low as 40°F.
Extreme temperatures combined with little rainfall make desert life difficult for people, plants, and animals. Yet, some life forms have adapted to even the most severe desert environments. Camels are able to survive long periods without food or water. Many desert plants have long, shallow root systems. This allows the plants to reach out to collect water over great distances. Other desert plants have taproots. Taproots grow very deep so they can tap sources of underground water. Plant life in the desert is usually spread out over great distances. This is why deserts are often described as barren, or lifeless.
When many people think of a desert they often think of endless miles of hot sand, but a desert does not have to be hot or sandy. Most of the land of the Middle East and North Africa is hot, dry desert land, but some deserts look very different. Most of Antarctica is a desert but there is no sand on the continent and the climate of Antarctica is the coldest on earth. | <urn:uuid:90a3231f-6b66-42ef-aa57-15a985f6c4d3> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.mrdowling.com/607-deserts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583658681.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20190117020806-20190117042806-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956406 | 380 | 4 | 4 |
The oldest standing brick fortification in Georgia and a National Historic Landmark, Old Fort Jackson not only provides a wealth of history but is also allegedly haunted.
Officially called Fort James Jackson, this restored 19th-century fort was built when President Thomas Jefferson authorized the construction of eight forts in the area to defend the Savannah area. One of these fortifications included Fort Jackson which was named for James Jackson, a British native who fought In the American Revolution and rose to the rank of colonel. When he was just 25 years old, he accepted the surrender of the British in Savannah at the close of the revolution. He was later a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and Governor of Georgia.
The fort was built between 1808 and 1812 over the site of a 1776 earthen battery from the American Revolution. It was originally built as a six-gun fort with three, two gun batteries facing the water. The back of the fort was open and unfortified.
In the War of 1812, local militias and U.S. troops saw active duty at Fort Jackson. After the war, two periods of construction followed at the fort. A moat, drawbridge, brick barracks, privies, a rear wall, and another powder magazine were added.
During the Civil War, Fort Jackson, along with nearby Fort McAllister and Fort Pulaski, defended Savannah from Union attack. In 1862, Fort Jackson was shelled from a ship captained by an escaped slave named Robert Smalls. The fort was commanded by Colonel Edward Clifford Anderson and would become the Confederate Headquarters for the Savannah River defenses, including the Confederate Navy. The fort was held by the Confederates until December 1864 when it was evacuated as General Sherman approached. The departing Confederates set the fort afire, spiked the guns and destroyed everything of military value. Union troops occupied the fort until the end of the war. The Confederate forces retreated to South Carolina where they joined other forces and continued to fight until April 26, 1865, when they surrendered to General Sherman’s army at Durham, North Carolina.
After the Civil War, the fort was placed in caretaker status and was renamed Fort Oglethorpe in 1884 and carried that name until it was decommissioned in 1905. It was purchased by the city of Savannah in 1924 for park purposes but not fully restored until the 1970s.
As to the ghosts of Old Fort Jackson, the one most often sighted is thought to be that of a Confederate private by the name of Patrick Garrity. Garrity apparently had a problem with his superior, Lieutenant George Dickerson. One night when Garrity was on guard duty near the drawbridge, he was approached by Lieutenant Dickerson and for reasons unknown, the private bludgeoned his superior with his musket, breaking both his musket and the officer’s skull in four places. Private Garrity then fled the scene by jumping into the moat, but his escape was not to be effective, as he drowned in the moat. Lieutenant Dickerson survived the beating but was unable to remember the attack. He never fully recovered and was forced to step down from his command.
Today, there is a ghostly specter that is often spied at the site of the attack, believed to be that of Patrick Garrity. Said to be dressed in a Confederate uniform, the soldier is seen walking along the parade ground or standing near the drawbridge. Some reports say that the apparition appears only from the waist up.
Evidently Garrity is not alone, another silhouette of a soldier has been reported standing on the casement walls above the parade ground. Other fallen soldiers are also seen in various areas, some walking leisurely and others intensely manning their posts with a watchful eye. On one occasion when a cleaning lady reportedly heard strange noises, she turned around to come face to face with a Confederate soldier standing in a doorway. After glaring at her, the spirit vanished.
Many who visit the old post describe feeling unsettling energy or eerie feelings just before they glimpse a darting shadow or a full-fledged apparition of a historic soldier. Others report hearing phantom footsteps and other strange sounds.
Situated on the Savannah River, two miles east of the city of Savannah, Fort Jackson is located at 1 Fort Jackson Road. The old fort is owned by the state of Georgia and operated as a museum by the Coastal Heritage Society. Fee for admission.
By Kathy Weiser-Alexander, updated October 2019. | <urn:uuid:4f912403-b471-488d-b7c3-ece976c672f6> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ga-fortjackson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594209.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119035851-20200119063851-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.978115 | 925 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Oregon is within a belt along the coast that will experience subducting, the coast rising up by a thousand feet or more due to this. Other than the danger of hot earth, this is a good spot, both before and after the pole shift. The climate will become more moderate, and the elevation will be well above the rising seas. Hot earth can be guarded against if one chooses their cataclysm hide-out carefully. Humans during former cataclysms ran to safety from the winds first, as these were the first to arise. Thus they went into the valleys, the low areas, and it is here that the heat from friction in lower plates rubbing is the hottest. The legends report that those seeking shelter in valleys jumped into rivers to cool themselves, only to find the water boiling. Thus plan on a wind and firestorm shelter above the low elevations in broad valleys, and return to the valleys when the danger is past.
Certainly being in the volcanic belt will put one too close to an active volcano. Safety can be found closer to the coastline, and this affords ocean fishing in the Aftertime, but the dangers of hot earth and mountain building will also be there in the coastal regions. But close examination of seismic activity within Oregon shows a swath of land near the Idaho border, in the current SE portion of the state, where seismic activity is virtually nill, and the land is flat. These are all indications of what we call rock strata that has withstood mountain building in the past, and will during the forthcoming pole shift.
Note Cascade and Siskiyou Mountains commentary.
Note Poison Gas Depot commentary.
Note West Coast commentary.
Note San Andreas Fault commentary.
Note San Andreas Slide commentary.
Note West Coast Volcanoes commentary. | <urn:uuid:c87bbe66-d654-44e0-9d46-bba605bf58d4> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www6.zetatalk.com/info/tinfx054.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221212910.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817202237-20180817222237-00318.warc.gz | en | 0.953777 | 361 | 2.75 | 3 |
The magnetic force acting on magnetic toner from the magnetic latent image recorded by longitudinal recording is theoretically analyzed. Heretofore analysis using sinusoidal approximation of magnetization has been reported wherein the force acting on toner can be several hundred times the force of gravity and it is not much smaller than the force used in electrostatic printing. This paper employs arctangent approximation of magnetization for digital longitudinal recording. A new approximate equation of the force attracting toner is presented which is applied to the magnetic printer using metal thin film recording medium and dry toner. Typically, the recording medium comprises Co-Ni-P plated metal thin film with the thickness of 1 micrometer. The toner comprises soft magnetic toner with the diameter of 10 micrometers. The resulting force acting on toner can be about three orders larger than the force of gravity. It is almost the same as the force used in electrophotography.
Norio Kokaji, "Analysis of the Magnetic Force Acting on Magnetic Toner in Magnetography with Longitudinal Recording" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP14), 1998, pp 349 - 352, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00005_2 | <urn:uuid:856edb07-3977-4edf-ab25-8ff76be79f82> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://library.imaging.org/print4fab/articles/14/1/art00005_2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474581.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225035809-20240225065809-00660.warc.gz | en | 0.892416 | 272 | 2.53125 | 3 |
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English for Kids Apk is a simple app for children’s which contain more than 100 word and different game for kids to learn English in fun and simple way. children’s easily use this app without help of parents. It also contains word about science, number, vehicle and many more. Once you introduce this app with your children they enjoy it and start learning with interest. | <urn:uuid:307a0f5c-d1fc-4978-a460-6c3b2a13aa82> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://offlinemodapk.com/english-for-kids-apk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030338001.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007080917-20221007110917-00547.warc.gz | en | 0.92894 | 572 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The text of the Gettysburg Address, as delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 19, 1863, and transmitted by The Associated Press 150 years ago:
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (Applause.) Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war; we are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or to detract. (Applause.) The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here. (Applause.) It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly carried on. (Applause.) It is rather for us here to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that the dead shall not have died in vain. (Applause.) That the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (Long applause.) | <urn:uuid:50396be7-3843-4ba1-b167-7a1b2482b7e5> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://thetimes-tribune.com/news/text-of-gettysburg-address-1.1587965 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662166.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00070-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957632 | 368 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Ethereum has garnered a name in the market which no other cryptocurrency has been able to capture. The Ethereum platform is directly responsible for the exponential growth of smart contract development, and it’s amazing uses. The smart contract has many uses that are exciting and practical uses. A smart contract in layman terms is a pre-specified set of instructions to be followed on the blockchain.
Here’s an example to understand Smart contract better; suppose there’s a transaction that’s about to take place on the blockchain, smart contracts come into play as soon as the specified conditions are met. Let’s take the instance of a real estate deal about to happen on Ethereum blockchain with ERC20 tokens.
The sender and receiver can specify certain conditions for the transactions to take place and other details. Smart contracts ensure that seamless transactions take place without any human intervention and with 100% accuracy in accordance to of the pre-defined instructions.
How smart contracts work
It’s worth noting that bitcoin was the first to support basic smart contracts in the sense that the network can transfer value from one person to another. The network of nodes will validate transactions only when certain conditions are met.
Ethereums’ underlying coding principles are less rigid than Bitcoin’s inner workings. This enables developers to modify and change the way conditions are set on the blockchain. The power to support a wide variety of instructions fares well with Ethereum as it’s far more advanced, and has broader capabilities than Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency.
- Smart contracts can operate as ‘multi-signature’ accounts and this, and this enables the funds to be spent only after a certain amount of people agree to spend it.
- Handle agreements between users, if one buys insurance from the other provide utility to other contracts.
- Save information about an application, such as domain membership records or domain registration information.
With such advanced functionalities created by the arrival of smart contracts, it is time to develop something similar to feed in your entrepreneurial desires. | <urn:uuid:d131c8ae-3478-4109-b6f1-bd843cf8b833> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.blockchainappfactory.com/blog/the-complete-know-how-of-smart-contract-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107917390.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20201031092246-20201031122246-00481.warc.gz | en | 0.924297 | 418 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Amaranth – Guarantor of Immortality
It might be related to the word AMRITA (drink of the gods, which grants them immortality) – “Mrita” – death, the prefix “a” – denial.
Indian names: Chaulai, Chua, Harive, Cheera, Shravani Maath, Khada.
American Indian names: Key ak, Bled, Huatli.
Amaranth is a moderately tall, broad-leafed, bushy type of plant that grows about six feet in height and produces a brightly colored flowery head containing a very large number of seeds (up to 60,000). These seeds are source for amaranth cereal and flour. Like quinoa, buckwheat, and millet, amaranth is not technically a grain, but because it is enjoyed in meals like other true grains, it is usually referred to as such.
Amaranth is a member of the Amaranthaceous family of plants and therefore is a relative of beets, Swiss chard, spinach, and quinoa. Before 1998, these plants were believed to belong to the Chenopodiaceous family of flowering plants, also called the goosefoot family. The more recent gene-based APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) have included this plant in the family Amaranthaceous.
Amaranth, an ancient crop originating in the Americas, was used as a high-protein grain or as a leafy vegetable. Grain amaranth species have been important in different parts of the world and at different times for several thousand years. The largest acreage grown was during the height of the Aztec civilization in Mexico in the 1400’s. The past two centuries grain amaranth has been grown in scattered locations, including Mexico, Central America, India, Nepal, China, and Eastern Africa. Amaranth was an integral part of many ritual actions, which used paint made from it.
Rediscovering of Amaranth.
Research on amaranth by U.S. agronomists began in the 1970’s. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as “the crop of the future.” It has been proposed as an inexpensive native crop that could be cultivated by indigenous people in rural areas for several reasons:
- It is easily harvested.
- Lysine. Compared to grains, amaranth is unusually rich in the essential amino acid lysine. Most cereal grains, like wheat, are relatively low in this amino acid. Conversely, amaranth is relatively rich in it, containing approximately twice as much lysine as wheat.
- Protein. The seeds of amaranth species contain about thirty percent more protein than cereals like rice, sorghum, and rye. In cooked and edible forms, amaranth is competitive with wheat germ and oats – higher in some nutrients, lower in others.
- Minerals. In regards to calcium, iron, and magnesium, amaranth is much more like Swiss chard than wheat. It contains about four times as much calcium as wheat and twice as much iron and magnesium.
- It is easy to cook.
- Amaranth can be simmered like other grains and has a porridge-like texture.
- It can be combined with other grains if you desire a more “rice-like” dish.
- It can also be popped in a skillet like popcorn, which gives it a nutty flavor and crunchy texture.
The root of mature amaranth is a popular vegetable with a milky taste. It is white and alkaline and can be cooked with tomatoes or tamarind gravy.
Leaves previously scalded, or fried can be added to salads, sauces, and casseroles.
In addition to the wonderful culinary properties possessed by amaranth oil, it contains a number of unique substances, trace elements, and vitamins, which benefit to the organism cannot be overestimated. Amaranth oil is a known source of Squalene – a substance that captures oxygen saturation of the tissues and organs of our body. Furthermore, Squalene easily penetrates through the skin into the body and is a powerful immune stimulant. Preparations containing amaranth oil may reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood and protect the body from the effects of radiation exposure due to Squalene – a unique substance in its composition.
Squalene has been found in 1906. Dr. Mittsumaro Tsudzhimoto from Japan isolated it from deep-sea shark liver extract, which was later identified as Squalene (from Lat. Squalus – shark). In 1931, Professor, University of Zurich (Switzerland), Nobel Prize winner Dr. Klaur proved that this compound lacks the 12-hydrogen atoms to achieve a stable state, so this unsaturated hydrocarbon captures atoms from any sources available to it.
Squalene is used in cosmetics, and more recently as an immunologic adjuvant in vaccines. Squalene has been proposed to be an important part of the Mediterranean diet as it may be a chemo preventive substance that protects people from cancer.
Modern research has revealed the presence of Squalene in small doses in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran. However, the same study found that the highest content of Squalene in the amaranth grain oil (several times more than in the deep-sea shark liver).
TODAY’S TIP: Because it is a non-grain food, amaranth, along with quinoa, buckwheat, and millet is a good source of nutrition for those who are grain intolerant and for those who observe Ekadashi fast, when grains are not recommended (See Ekadashi). | <urn:uuid:5fd662e4-ffa5-4458-8f79-d41b0e7c5eee> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://ayurvedaplace.com/2015/02/27/amaranth-guarantor-immortality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886117874.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823055231-20170823075231-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.957089 | 1,210 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Online First Aid Course
Our CPR/AED courses include Adult, Child and Infant techniques. Additionally, our CPR certification course includes training on the use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). The CPR/AED certification is valid for 2 years.
Chapter 18: Nervous System Emergencies
The relationship between the brain and its central nervous system is very interrelated with the functioning of each and every other part of the body. The nervous system controls: the five senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch), the ability to think and reason, voluntary and involuntary functions, and regulates blood flow and blood pressure.
For this reason, head and spinal injuries may have a very significant affect on another part of the body. Prompt and timely First Aid given to nervous system emergencies is very crucial.
There are many different causes, mild or severe, that can lead to a nervous system emergency. Some of these conditions and injuries include:
|Degenerative diseases, such as: Parkinsons, Alzheimers, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)|
|Mental health problems, such as: depression, anxiety disorders|
|Organ failure, such as: heart failure|
|Problems with blood supply|
|Trauma to the head or spinal cord|
Signs and Symptoms:
|Chest discomfort: squeezing, pain, pressure|
|Discomfort in: arms, back, neck, jaw, abdomen|
|Fluid or blood drainage from the nose or ears|
|Nausea or vomiting|
|Numbness, weakness, tingling|
|Paralysis (inability to move one part or any part of the body)|
|Shortness of breath: nausea, sweating, dizziness|
|Slurred speech, loss of speech, trouble speaking|
Common Emergency Example(s):
A heart attack develops when blood flow is blocked and a segment of your heart muscle / tissue dies or is damaged.
Most commonly you can tell if someone is having a heart attack if they complain of chest pain. They may also experience uncomfortable pressure, nausea, shortness of breath, and/or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw and abdomen.
A seizure is a sudden attack, which involves abnormal electrical activity in the brain. A person may experience mild shakes or more severe convulsions (rapid and uncontrollable shaking). Most seizures will stop within a few minutes of onset.
Seizures can be caused by head injuries, poisons, missed medications, low blood sugar or a medical condition called epilepsy.
A stroke usually occurs very suddenly when there is a problem with the blood supply to the brain. The supply gets blocked or a blood vessel within the brain ruptures.
Some specific signs and symptoms include: sudden and severe headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness or balance, slurred speech, drooling, inability to understand words, weakness, and/or paralysis on one side of the body.
Spinal / Head Injuries:
The spinal cord primarily transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and controls reflexes. Injuries to the spine can cause a person to lose the ability to move parts of the body.
A person may have a spinal or head injury if he/she was struck in the head/spine, fell, was assaulted, experienced a sports injury, or was in a car / motor vehicle accident (without a helmet).
The person may suddenly get sleepy, experience nausea, vomit, get a headache, have trouble walking and talking or not respond all together.
First Aid Actions / Treatment:
- Assess the scene and check for your safety.
- Activate EMS (Call 9-1-1) and follow the dispatcher instructions.
- Get an AED or First Aid kit if available.
- If person is experiencing:
- Heart attack: if the person is not allergic to aspirin, is not bleeding and is not showing signs of a stroke, give him/her an aspirin (1 regular dose or 2 low-dose)
- Seizure: remove any object which may hurt the person; do not restrain the person; place in recovery position if the person is vomiting and you don’t suspect a head, neck or back injury
- Stroke: note the time the stroke first begin and place person in recovery position, if the person is unconscious and you don’t suspect a head, neck or back injury
- Spinal / Head Injury: do not move the person unless the scene becomes unsafe; place in recovery position (minimize movement of head and neck) if the person begins to vomit
- If necessary, provide CPR. If you do not know how, give Hands-Only CPR. | <urn:uuid:62437ef9-79ec-40ad-93db-1a21ad0d19a3> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://cprcare.com/course/hc_fa/18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573368.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918213931-20190918235931-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.897684 | 981 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Last Tuesday, particle physicists at CERN did not announce that they had found the Higgs Boson particle. Nor did they announce that they had not found the Higgs Boson. Instead, what we got was an update on the state of the research. But it's a really tantalizing update.
The Higgs Boson is a popular, but confusing, bit of physics. You know that reality is like a Lego model, it's made up of smaller parts. We are pieced together out of atoms. Atoms are made from protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are made of quarks. (Quarks and electrons, as far as we know, are elementary particles, with nothing smaller inside.) When you're talking about the Higgs Boson, you're talking about the mass of these particles. Here's an imperfect analogy: A top quark, the most massive particle we know of, is like an elephant. An electron, on the other hand, is more like a mouse. And nobody knows for certain why those differences exist.
There is a theory, though. Back in the 1960s, a guy named Peter Higgs came up with the idea that all these particles exist in a field, and their mass is a reflection of how much they interact with that field. Heavy particles have a lot of interaction. Lighter particles are relatively standoffish. If this field exists, the Higgs Boson is the tiny thing it's made of. Fermilab physicist Don Lincoln has a really great video explaining this, where he compares the Higgs field to water, and Higgs Bosons to the molecules that make up water. Everything that exists swims in an ocean of Higgses.
Tuesday morning, we learned a little more about the hunt for the Higgs Boson. But the point of the presentation wasn't really to say, "Yes, we found it" or "No, we haven't." In fact, if all you're paying attention to is that simple yes-or-no answer, you're going to miss a lot of interesting information—information that can help you better understand how science works and why the Higgs Boson is so important.
1: "Pretty sure" isn't good enough.
In the presentations, CERN researchers told us two big things:
First: Looking for the Higgs Boson used to be a lot harder because nobody knew its mass. Think of it like trying to find a single Lego piece, in a giant box of Legos, when you don't know what the piece you're looking for looks like. That's changed. Researchers now believe that the Higgs Boson, if it exists, probably has a mass somewhere between 115 and 131 gigaelectronvolts.
Second: Two different detectors on the Large Hadron Collider have found signals, consistent with what you'd expect to see from a Higgs Boson particle, within that mass range—at 126 and 124 gigaelectronvolts.
So why was the un-announcement so non-committal? Simple: Physicists don't like to be wrong.
You can't actually see a Higgs Boson. This isn't like sitting in the jungle and waiting for a rare species of panther to come along so you can photograph it. Instead, scientists are looking for the particles they've predicted that a Higgs Boson would leave behind as it decays. Say you have a hypothesis that a new species of panther exists, but it's invisible as long as it's alive. The only way to figure out whether or not it's actually there is to look for panther poop, or maybe some bits of bone and fur. Trouble is, there are lots of things in the jungle that could leave behind poop, bone, and fur. How do you know what you've found is actually evidence for the existence of the hypothetical panther?
That's essentially the problem physicists are faced with. Those intriguing signals could be decaying Higgs Bosons. They could also be normal things you'd expect to find in the aftermath of proton collisions. The only way to tell the difference is to look for an excess of those signals in the mass range where you'd expect the Higgs Boson to be. But, even if you see that, it could still be a coincidence. This is especially true of the hunt for the Higgs Boson, because it started out looking at a huge range of masses, says Greg Landsberg, professor of physics at Brown University.
"When you look at many, many places what is unlikely in a given place becomes more likely in one of many, many places," he says. "Ask an astronomer what is the probability of a particular star having a planet orbiting it. He’d say the probability is extremely small. However if you asked that differently, 'What the probability of any star having a planet,' the probability would be much closer to 1."
To make sure that the promising signals they're seeing aren't just flukes, the physicists at CERN will need to run their experiments, in that much-more-specific mass range, many more times. Right now, says Don Lincoln, there's a 1 in a 1000 chance that what they're seeing is a coincidence. But, in the past, particle physicists have found that 1-in-1000 chances aren't a very good bet. "That's equivalent to tossing a coin 10 times and having it always come up heads. To be comfortable saying we've found something we'd have to have the equivalent of tossing a coin 20 times and having that all come up heads—a 1 in a million chance," he says. The more coin tosses, the more you rule out coincidence. The physicists I spoke with said we're likely to have enough data to do that by next summer.
2: The mass of the Higgs Boson matters.
If the Higgs Boson is actually there, around 124 or 126 gigaelectronvolts, that means it's a lighter particle than many people had guessed. In fact, originally, people were looking for the Higgs Boson at masses as high as 600 gigaelectronvolts. This is interesting for a couple of reasons.
First, there's the "d'oh" factor. A big selling point on the Large Hadron Collider was the fact that it had the power necessary to study very high energies. That's what makes it different from particle accelerators that have come before, like the recently closed Tevatron. But 124-126 gigaelectronvolts is well within the range of what the Tevatron could study.
In fact, the Tevatron looked at that range. Unfortunately, it doesn't yet have enough data to make any definitive statements. That could change. Don Lincoln says that when the Tevatron researchers are finished analyzing their data, they might be able to back up the CERN findings. That's because the Tevatron noticed a small signal around 125 gigaelectronvolts. However, Lincoln also says it's a smaller signal than you'd expect if the CERN results really were correct. This could mean the Tevatron saw the Higgs Boson signal first, but couldn't verify its results before CERN got better data. It could also mean the signal from CERN is just a coincidence. Right now, it's too early to tell.*
Second, if the Higgs Boson exists and if it is light in mass, that opens up a way more awesome world for future physics research than would exist with a heavy Higgs. Physics operates on the Standard Model—a mathematical theory aimed at explaining the forces at work in the Universe and how particles interact with one another. The Standard Model requires the existence of a Higgs Boson, but a light Higgs Boson would mean that we'd have to make some changes to the way the Model works, possibly incorporating ideas like supersymmetry, says Frank Close, particle physicist at the University of Oxford.
A light Higgs also means the Large Hadron Collider has enough power to find lots of other previously unseen particles. "Strategically, if this thing turns out to be real, the fact that it is at low mass end is good news," Close says. "If it was at the high end you’d have that fear that the interesting physics was out of the LHC's reach. This suggests lots of interesting things are still available for us to find using the LHC."
3: This story will actually be a lot more exciting if it turns out that the Higgs Boson doesn't exist.
Everybody is all excited about the prospect of finding the Higgs Boson particle. This is kind of the wrong way of thinking about it.
I told you before that the existence of the Higgs Boson is part of the Standard Model—finding it is a key part of verifying that the Universe works the way we think it does.
"If we don’t find it, it’s extremely weird," says Jeremiah Mans, associate professor of physics at the University of Minnesota. "We know from other measurements that properties of regular particles aren’t quite right unless there’s a Higgs around to pull them just a bit. If you take it out, then the theory, that otherwise works well, breaks down and doesn’t make the right predictions. That points to something being there."
Verifying that your big, important theory is correct is a big deal. But that outcome is also just a little boring. It would be a lot more exciting if everything we thought we knew turned out to be wrong.
And there is more than one way that the Higgs Boson could throw off the Standard Model. It could, of course, flagrantly refuse to exist. But it could also be quite a bit weirder. We could find the Higgs Boson, and it could turn out to be different than what we've been predicting. See, all this time, physicists have only really been looking for what's known as "the minimal Higgs." You can think of it as the simple version. In the minimal Higgs theory, there's only one type of Higgs Boson and it has no electrical charge, among other characteristics.
What happens if the Higgs we find turns out to have a charge? What happens if the Higgs turns out to actually be five different types of Higgses, as some versions of supersymmetry predict? If that's the case, the Standard Model could end up having to dramatically change, just like if the Higgs Boson didn't exist at all.
If, in six months, the physicists at CERN are able to say definitively that they've found the Higgs Boson, particle physicists will be gratified. They will understand the Universe in a way they didn't before and they will be able to work on some new questions. But if CERN is wrong, particle physicists won't hang their heads in shame. Instead, it could well be the most exciting day of their lives.
"If we don't find it, that would be a huge discovery," says Fermilab's Don Lincoln. "The Standard Model does work very well. We’re talking on a phone, after all, and that’s done through electricity, and how that works is part of the Standard Model. A new theory would make have to make some similar predictions, but it would rewrite textbooks."
• • • •
For more information on the Higgs Boson and particle physics, I recommend checking out a couple of books:
Frank Close has a book called The Infinity Puzzle, about the history of Peter Higgs, the Higgs field, and the hunt for the Higgs Boson.
Don Lincoln, who, over the last couple days, has become one of my favorite explainers of physics, has a book called The Quantum Frontier. It's about the Large Hadron Collider—how it works, what we can do with it, and what it might teach us about the Universe.
*This part of the story has been changed from its original version. The previous version was incorrect and read, "First, there's the "d'oh" factor. A big selling point on the Large Hadron Collider was the fact that it had the power necessary to study very high energies. That's what makes it different from particle accelerators that have come before, like the recently closed Tevatron. But 124-126 gigaelectronvolts is well within the range of what the Tevatron could study. In fact, the Tevatron looked at that range. It didn't see anything. This could mean that the signal CERN saw is just a coincidence. It could also mean that the Tevatron was in the right place, but missed seeing something really important." Thanks to Don Lincoln for helping me get this fixed, and to Joe Haley and Peter for pointing out the problem.
Image: A rendering of one of the events, captured by the Large Hadron Collider's CMS detector, that could be evidence of a decaying Higgs Boson particle. Or, it could just be stuff that happens when protons collide. Either way, it's kind of pretty.
Published 4:00 am Thu, Dec 15, 2011
About the Author
Maggie Koerth-Baker is the science editor at BoingBoing.net. From August 2014-May 2015, she will be a Nieman-Berkman Fellow at Harvard University. You can follow Maggie's adventures in the Ivory Tower by subscribing to The Fellowship of Three Things newsletter. | <urn:uuid:453d7385-1194-4636-b388-a424b41fd2ab> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://boingboing.net/2011/12/15/3-things-can-teach-you.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510272329.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011752-00289-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970151 | 2,813 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Student Exploration: Identifying Nutrients
Vocabulary: carbohydrate, disaccharide, lipid, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, protein, starch
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. What are the major types of nutrients you can get from food?
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins
2. How are these nutrients used by your body?
Nutrients are used by your body for everyday functions.
Have you ever wondered what is in your food? Scientists use a variety of tests to determine the nutritional content of food. You will learn four of those tests with the Identifying Nutrients Gizmo™.
1. Below the Food samples label, drag tube A into the Food sample holder. Below the Benedict test, click the Test button. What is done in the Benedict test?
The liquid turns pink when heated for 5 minutes.
2. The Benedict test is a test for monosaccharides; simple Sugars like glucose or fructose (fruit sugar). In contact with Monosaccharides, the Benedict solution turns from blue to
Does Sample A contain monosaccharides?
Note: Disaccharides such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) are more complex than monosaccharides. The Benedict test does not detect disaccharides directly.
Activity A: Identifying nutrients | Get the Gizmo ready: * Click Reset. * Drag Sample A into the Food sample holder. | |
Introduction: Most food is composed of three types of molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. * Carbohydrates such as starches and sugars are major source of energy. Simple sugars are found in sweets and fruits. Starches are found in potatoes, cereal, pasta, flour, and other plant products. * Proteins are used in body structures such as muscles, skin, and hair. Rich sources of proteins include meats, dairy products, and beans. * Lipids (fats and oils) are used | <urn:uuid:b2b3438c-62ae-418d-9870-30b46488cf33> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.studymode.com/essays/Identifying-Nutrients-1312590.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648000.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601175345-20230601205345-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.886854 | 440 | 3.59375 | 4 |
WILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENHANCE OR HACK HUMANITY?
Watch Yuval Noah Harari speak with Fei-Fei Li, renowned computer scientist and Co-Director of Stanford University’s Human-Centered AI Institute — in a conversation moderated by Nicholas Thompson, WIRED’s Editor-in-Chief. The discussion explores big themes and ideas, including ethics in technology, hacking humans, free will, and how to avoid potential dystopian scenarios. Publication is available under Creative Commons, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 – https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…. The event was hosted at Stanford in April 2019, and was jointly sponsored by the university’s Humanities Center, McCoy Family Center for Ethics in Society, and the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI).
The good old days of cold war disinformatia are gone. Social media are increasingly relevant in shaping the public opinion, but they are just “eco chambers”. Foreign actors with malicious intent can easily exploit this intrinsic feature of social media manipulating online information in order to influence the public opinion. Moreover, cyberspace allows a large degree of anonymity, behind which it is easy to automate propaganda, and cyber attacks may be leveraged to exfiltrate and expose sensitive content or to gain information dominance during military operations, increasing the strategic relevance of the “information space”. Operations in this domain are central in Russia’s security strategic thinking, featuring predominantly in its “New Generation War” military doctrine. But the ongoing militarization of cyberspace risks having dangerous spillovers in the conventional domain. What can we do in order to protect our open democracies while preserving a global, free will and resilient Internet? The answer is multi-faceted, in as much as CEIW (cyber-enabled information warfare) is an emerging asymmetric threat that forces us to innovate our security approach in many ways. | <urn:uuid:f7e662b7-e72b-44a2-b2ae-66ecd712a10c> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://nanobrainimplant.com/2019/04/29/will-artificial-intelligence-enhance-or-hack-humanity-mind-hacking-information-in-the-cyber-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949644.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331144941-20230331174941-00436.warc.gz | en | 0.901459 | 412 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Major General Sir Andrew Scott Waugh (1810-1878) was a British army officer and surveyor now remembered as the man who named the highest mountain in the world after Sir George Everest, his predecessor in the post of Surveyor-General of India.Waugh, Sir Andrew Scott (1810–1878), army officer and surveyor, eldest son of General Gilbert Waugh, military auditor-general at Madras, grandson of Colonel Gilbert Waugh of Gracemount, Midlothian (descended from Waugh of Shaw, standard-bearer at Flodden Field), and nephew of Sir Murray Maxwell of the Royal Navy, was born in India on 3 February 1810. He was educated at Edinburgh high school, and, after passing through Addiscombe in 1827 in half the usual time, came out first of his term and was commissioned lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers on 13 December 1827. After training at Chatham he went to India, arriving there on 25 May 1829.
Waugh was appointed in 1830 to help build a new foundry at Kashipur. On 13 April 1831 he was appointed adjutant of the Bengal Sappers and Miners, and on 17 July 1832 to the great trigonometrical survey of India under the immediate direction of George Everest, the surveyor-general. Waugh and his friend Lieutenant Thomas Renny (afterwards Major Thomas Renny-Tailyour) were the first engineers on the Indian establishment to join the department as subalterns and to make their careers in it. In 1833 they were sent to Sironj, to carry a series of triangles up one of the meridians fixed by the longitudinal series. They explored the jungle country between Chunar and the sources of the Son and Narbada up to Jubbulpore, and submitted a topographical and geological report to the geographical department of the India Office.
In November 1834 Waugh joined the headquarters of the surveyor-general at Dehra Dun, to help measure the baseline. In April 1835 he was appointed astronomical assistant for the celestial observations connected with the measurement of the great arc, and at the end of that year he was at Fatehgarh, conducting the rougher series of the great trigonometrical survey. In January 1836 he joined Everest at Saini, to help measure the arc of the meridian extending from Cape Comorin to Dehra Dun, starting with the northern baseline in the Dehra Dun valley, and connecting it with the baseline near Sironj, some 450 miles to the south; and remeasuring the latter in 1837 with the new compensation bars which had been used at Dehra Dun. The operation was so accurate that the difference of length of the Dehra Dun baseline as measured and as deduced by triangulations from Sironj was only 7.2 inches.
In November 1837 Waugh was appointed to work southwards on the base Pagaro to Jaktipura. The work was completed by March 1838, when he was sent to test the accuracy of the triangulation between Bedar and Takalkhard and to lay out the site of an observatory at Damargidda. In October he began fieldwork with azimuth observations at Damargidda, and, working north with the triangulation, completed the work by April 1839. He shared with Everest the arduous observatory work carried on simultaneously at the stations of Kaliana, Kalianpur, and Damargidda from November 1839 to March 1840, by which the arc of amplitude was determined. In 1841 Waugh was engaged in the remeasurement of the Bedar base. Between 1834 and 1840 he had conducted the Ranghir series of triangles in the North-Western Provinces, and in 1842 he rapidly but accurately carried the triangulation through the malarious Rohilkhand terai.
At the end of 1843 Everest retired, recommending that Waugh, whose abilities in both the theoretical and practical aspects of survey work he had consistently praised, succeed him as surveyor-general. Although only a subaltern of Royal Engineers, and although he had only eleven years' experience of surveying, Waugh was accordingly appointed from 16 December 1843. In 1844 he married Josephine (d. 1866), daughter of Dr William Graham of Edinburgh, and was promoted captain on 14 February of that year. He began his tenure as surveyor-general by carrying out the remaining seven series projected by Everest. These covered some 28,000 square miles and originated from the Calcutta longitudinal series on the ‘gridiron system’. The eastern side was formed by the Calcutta meridional series (1844–8), which terminated in another baseline near the foot of the Darjeeling hills.
Waugh took a leading role in the north-east Himalaya series, connecting the northern end of the meridional series. The line of the country was along the base of the Himalaya terai, a malarial submontane tract in which many of his staff died. These operations fixed the positions and heights of seventy-nine of the highest Himalayan peaks in Nepal and Sikkim, including Peak XV, named Mont Everest in 1856 by Waugh. The series was then the longest ever carried between measured bases, being 1690 miles long from Sonakoda to Dehra Dun.
On 3 December 1847 Waugh was given the local rank of lieutenant-colonel. After completing the South Konkan, the Madras coast series, the South Parisnath, and South Maluncha series, he was free to undertake a system of triangulation to the west of the great arc series over the vast territory, much of it recently acquired, that lay in Sind, the North-Western Provinces, and the Punjab. The Chach base, near Attock, was measured in 1851–2, and the north-west Himalayan series, emanating from the Dehra Dun base, extended to it; and from Sironj the Calcutta great longitudinal series was carried westward to Karachi, closing on another baseline at Karachi, measured in 1854–5 under the surveyor-general's immediate supervision. Waugh was promoted major in the Bengal Engineers on 3 August 1855, and in 1856 the great Indus series was begun, forming the western side of the survey on its completion in 1860. In 1856 Waugh instituted a series of spirit-levelling operations to determine more accurately the heights of the baselines in the interior, beginning in the Indus valley. He was promoted regimental lieutenant-colonel on 20 September 1857, and the same year was awarded the patron's gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. In 1858 he was elected fellow of the Royal Society. In 1859 the survey of Kashmir under T. G. Montgomerie was completed, earning Waugh, who had supervised it, many congratulations.
During Waugh's tenure of office he advanced the triangulation of India by 316,000 square miles, and of this 94,000 were topographically surveyed. He was promoted colonel on 18 February 1861, and retired from the service on 12 March following. He received the honorary rank of major-general on 6 August 1861, and in the same year he was knighted. He retired to London where he was a deputy lieutenant of the city for many years, a prominent member of the council of the Royal Geographical Society (and its vice-president from 1867 to 1870), honorary associate of the geographical societies of Berlin and Italy, a fellow of Calcutta University, and an active committee-man of the London Athenaeum. In 1870 he married Cecilia Eliza Adelaide, daughter of Lieutenant-General Thomas Whitehead KCB, of Uplands Hall, Lancashire. He died at his home, 7 Petersham Terrace, Gloucester Road, London, on 21 February 1878, leaving his wife and at least one son from his first marriage.
The results of Waugh's work while surveyor-general are given in some thirteen volumes and reports deposited in the India Office and in 1861 he published Instructions for Topographical Surveying. He was energetic and enthusiastic, as well as meticulously accurate. He was a distinguished surveyor-general even by comparison with such predecessors as Lambton and Everest.
R. H. Vetch, rev. Elizabeth Baigent DNB
Henry William Pickersgill, (1782–1875), portrait painter, was born on 3 December 1782 in London, and baptized at St Andrew's, Holborn, on 23 June 1808, the son of Thomas Pickersgill and his wife, Mary. The register is annotated ‘born 3 Dec 1782’. Early in life he was adopted by Henry Hall, a silk manufacturer in Spitalfields. He began an apprenticeship as a silk weaver, abandoning this apparently on account of the decline in the silk trade as a result of the wars with France.
Pickersgill then determined to become a painter, an occupation at which he had already shown some skill. He studied under the landscape and marine painter George Arnald ARA (1763–1841) from 1802 to 1805. After this he became a student at the Royal Academy Schools, which he entered on 28 November 1805, through the good offices of Henry Fuseli. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1806, when he sent in a portrait of Hall. He exhibited a self-portrait in 1808, and a portrait of Mrs Hall in 1809, as well as a view of Minster Point, Isle of Sheppey. As well as some landscape views, he painted historical and mythological subjects at this time. Often his subjects were inspired by contemporary poetry; examples are The Shepherd Boy (1812) from a poem by Robert Bloomfield and The Death of Blanche from Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake (1814). It was at this time that his reputation as a portrait painter began to grow. He was felt by many at the time to offer a refreshingly sober alternative to the stylish work of the leading portraitist of the day, Sir Thomas Lawrence. The landscape painter Constable, with whom he struck up a friendship, commented in a letter of 1828, ‘Pickersgill is an honourable man, and his art is sound and good’ (Constable's Correspondence, 283).
It would seem that Pickersgill's wife, Maria Price (1784/5–1857), whom he married at St Andrew's, Holborn, on 8 July 1805, before becoming a student at the academy, was a key figure in negotiating his professional success as a portrait painter. ‘He has a clever wife, who manages all matters for him’, observed Constable in his journal on 31 May 1824 (ibid., 282). Mrs Pickersgill was a lady of literary talents, and published a volume of verse, Tales of the Harem, in 1827. This book shows a considerable knowledge of oriental customs and it was presumably this interest that encouraged Pickersgill to paint several studies of young ladies posing in Greek and Near Eastern costume, such as The Greek Girl (1827; Benaki Museum, Athens) and The Syrian Maid (exh. 1837; Tate collection). In his journal entry of 31 May 1824 Constable further gave a picture of Pickersgill suffering from overwork: ‘He is involved in business—but almost dead with work & so nervous that when a knock came to the door he danced like a top & could not hold a limb still’ (ibid.). At that time he was living and working in 18 Soho Square, London.
In 1822 Pickersgill had been finally elected an associate of the Royal Academy, a position he had first sought in 1814. In 1826 he became a Royal Academician. He was a constant and prolific exhibitor at the academy, showing nearly 400 pictures over a period of more than sixty years. During the 1820s Pickersgill's reputation for sober and accurate portraiture was confirmed with the success of his portraits of Hannah More (1822; NPG) and Jeremy Bentham (1829; NPG). Another noted success was his portrait of Wordsworth, which inspired the poet to write a sonnet, now preserved (together with the portrait) at St John's College, Cambridge. From surviving correspondence it would seem that Wordsworth enjoyed the company of the portraitist, who was noted for his lively and sympathetic conversation. As well as the portraits of More, Bentham, and Wordsworth, the National Portrait Gallery contains thirty-two portraits by H. W. Pickersgill including those of William Godwin, M. G. Lewis, and George Stephenson. He painted the celebrated naturalists Richard Owen, Cuvier, and Humboldt for Sir Robert Peel, the botanist Robert Brown for the Linnean Society, and Faraday for the Royal Institution. He also excelled in military portraits, painting General Lord Hill and the duke of Wellington for Lord Hill. There are innumerable portraits by him in Oxford and Cambridge colleges, including one of Sir John Herschel at St John's College, Cambridge. His position as a painter of eminent men and women became almost unchallenged after the death of his rival Thomas Phillips in 1845. As a result of his increased success he moved from his Soho Square dwelling to a larger studio in Stratford Place.
In 1856, on the resignation of Thomas Uwins RA, Pickersgill became librarian of the Royal Academy, a post he held until his death. He last exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1872, and placed himself on the list of retired academicians in 1873. By this time his art had fallen out of favour. This can be seen in the harsh judgement of Richard and Samuel Redgrave in the second edition of their Century of Painters of the English School (1890). Pickersgill, they declared, was ‘a portrait painter whose works are distinguished more for their being satisfactory likenesses than for any artistic qualities they possess’ (Redgrave and Redgrave, 326). Pickersgill left central London about 1870 to settle at Fern Lodge, Church Road, Barnes. He died at his London address, 3 Blandford Square, on 21 April 1875 and was buried in Barnes Common cemetery.
Henry Hall Pickersgill (1812–1861), painter, one of the five children and the eldest son of H. W. Pickersgill and his wife, Maria, was born in London and baptized at St Andrew's, Holborn, on 25 June 1812. He gained some reputation as a painter of historical and fancy works. He studied abroad for some years and first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1834 with The Troubadours. He exhibited Holy Water in 1837, Charity in 1838, and similar subjects in subsequent years. He spent two years in St Petersburg and subsequently resumed painting in London, though working largely for a clientele in manufacturing cities, such as Manchester and Wolverhampton. His wife, Jeannette Caroline Grover [see below], whom he married on 20 July 1837 at St Anne's, Soho, Westminster, was also a painter. H. H. Pickersgill died in Berkeley Street, Portman Square, on 7 January 1861 and was buried in the family vault at Barnes Common cemetery.
H. H. Pickersgill's widow, Jeannette Caroline Pickersgill [née Grover] (1814?–1885), born in Amsterdam, exhibited works at the Royal Academy between 1848 and 1863 and was ‘well known in literary and scientific circles’ (The Times, 27 March 1885). She was the first person to be legally cremated in the United Kingdom, following the trial of William Price, in 1884, when Sir James Fitzjames Stephen held that this mode of disposing of a body was not unlawful. She joined the Cremation Society in January 1885, and died of broncho-pneumonia shortly afterwards, on 20 March 1885, at her home, 5 Cornwall Residences, Clarence Gate, Regent's Park, London. Her will contained instructions for cremation and, after an autopsy, this was carried out on 26 March 1885 at the crematorium established by the Cremation Society at St John's, Woking, Surrey. Her ashes were deposited at Kensal Green cemetery in 1887.
There were a number of other members of the Pickersgill family who were artists in the nineteenth century, notably Henry William's nephew Frederick Richard Pickersgill (1820–1900) and his daughter M. A. Pickersgill (fl. 1832–1838).
William Vaughan DNB | <urn:uuid:3fac3f93-aa56-4254-b870-a04b15c77df4> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://artwarefineart.com/gallery/portrait-major-general-sir-andrew-scott-waugh-1810-1878 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608877.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170527075209-20170527095209-00253.warc.gz | en | 0.980927 | 3,502 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Dream. Dare. Do – that is Suyati’s work principle in a nutshell.
Big Data is data characterized by the three V’s of volume, velocity and variety which stand as raw material for analysis and consequent generation of insights. In the retail industry, data is generated from diverse sources ranging from supply chain to the marketing operations. The population of information is also mounted with data from social media galleries. This plethora of information can be used to extract predictions on trends, to estimate the demand for products, for perfecting the pricing of products, for creation of lead client profiles and to customize user experience in the retail sector. Data analytics has turned out to be a critical wedge in the machinery of retail sector.
Prediction of Market Trends
The landscape of world wide web can be quarried to process and predict the products which would dominate the market in the near future. This can range from children’s books to electronic appliances. The web-browsing histories and social media records are filtered through algorithms of trend-prediction to gauge the tastes of buyers. Contexts within which products are browsed and bought are utilized to calculate the potential of a particular product in a category.
Estimation of Demand
Once we gather the predictions on which products would be bought in the coming season, we can use demographic and economic data to find out which target audience, under what conditions, tends to buy the products. For instance, market trend shows that brides begin their attire and cosmetic planning over two months before the due date. This allows companies to showcase their products and services in their virtual feed.
Perfecting the Prices
Retail giants like Walmart have begun investing in technologies which would help in generation of profits through strategic management of the prices. The ability to monitor live transactions around the clock and flip through a series of inventories helps enterprises to be proactive and alter their pricing pattern.
One instance of such strategic control on prices is the Markdown Optimization. This generally determines the point when prices of certain products should be reduced. Before data analytics stepped in with insights, the retailers showcased ‘End-of-Season Sale’ and ‘Clearance Sale’ to sell off products whose demand had been shaved off. The latest discovery in the field of retail spells that the prices must be reduced gradually in order to ensure increased revenue. Retail sector can therefore derive methods for increasing revenue by dissecting user experience manifested in Big Data.
Creation of Client Profiles
The prediction of potential products and perfecting of their prices is followed by measuring the type of onliners who would be inclined to buy it and to exhibit the products to them. The recommendation engine technology is the main source of information to form the customer profiles. Transaction reports and loyalty plans are also used for this purpose. A certain demographic section is observed to infer the buying trends and when an individual visits the online store, data is used to predict the kind of products they can buy. Once the shift from visitor to buyer is complete and the product has been ordered, the company can send the products quicker and more efficiently.
The avenues of interaction between customers and retailers – social media posts, inclination-specific website, demo videos and others, are utilized to bring the products within the audience’s spectrum of attention. Novel methods like SMS, mail and mobile notifications through near field communication (NFC) transmitters are also put to use.
Monetizing the Wish-List
Studies on shopping behavior show that the visitor-to-buyer transition does not occur at the last few miles in instances where the client adds the product to shopping cart but does not check out the purchase. Analytics theorize that this could be because of the absence of credit or debit card to verify details. Klarna, a Swedish ecommerce stage has catalysed on this insight to prepare an invoice-scheme where the product can be paid for, after the delivery. This scheme is often accompanied by tools which ensure that the purchase is not made by suspicious visitors.
Accommodating the Small-Scale Retailers
Big Data is also at the footsteps of small-scale retailers who can take assistance from mediators playing the role of “Big Data servicemen”. There are also organizations, mostly start-ups, which provide social analytics to initiate the products onto social media networks. Thus, small-scale businesses can bask in the merits of Big Data without having to use pocket-heavy hardware or to recruit three-figure per annum data scientists.
Problems to Retailers in Use of Big Data
Many retailers tend to stick to the classic IT project management schema instead of exploring company-specific methods. Businesses must dip into Research and Development to find out the way in which Big Data can further their projects. Also, some businesses which enter Big Data analytics get swallowed in the hype of insights and initiate a huge Big Data project. The first rule in use of Big Data must be to begin with a small scale project, learning through its hurdles and then, moving onto larger ones. Lastly, many times, companies fail to implement insights from analytics. This can be fixed by continuous work on alterations of retail styles where a certain team or members in the team are allotted for task of arrangement of insights and their implementation.
The Challenge to Big Data Analytics
Unsystematized data forms a great challenge to Big Data. Customer comments, video shots of their products, tele-conversations and GPS information are among the list of data sources waiting to be explored. The main point in Science of Big Data is not the collection of information from multi channels but in creating a global structure of these discovered local links. Moreover, the apparatus of Big Data analytics must be such that it can digest the qualitative aspects of information and bring out insights which reflect lives of the buyers than only isolated habits. | <urn:uuid:8f346efc-9299-42be-9da4-0f2ac288af3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://suyati.com/blog/the-impact-of-big-data-on-retail-sector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424287.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723062646-20170723082646-00658.warc.gz | en | 0.944047 | 1,184 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A huge asteroid will pass by our Earth tonight, but you do not have to worry. This asteroid does not pose any danger to us.
by the time Turkey carries a 3 night sky, a short distance from the world and will pass quickly tangent 12 kilometers per second. Of course, there is a benefit, the nearest concept is quite relative.
That Sky Stone Has Fallen Another Time Dinosaurs could be alive today!
Astronomers discovered this heavenly rock for the first time on November 30, 2010 and named it '2010 WC9', soon after which the heavens disappeared from the viewpoint of scientists. Paul Chodas of the research team: "We did not know it was close enough, but the asteroid would not hit the Earth, which would be a great chance for us."
If you have a small amateur telescope, set your watches to 3 and stand by. If you are wondering where the sky stone will be, you can check the coordination information in the following context. | <urn:uuid:056eb785-9c85-4438-857a-458a69b37235> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.no1geekfun.com/a-giant-astereoid-tuget-gececek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020225938-20181021011438-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.938516 | 200 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Crepitus or crepitation is the sound that might be listened to throughout joint activities, such as a fracturing, standing out, breaking, or grinding. These feelings as well as noises can take place in the neck too. The majority of people eventually have actually experienced neck crepitus. When transforming the head to back up an auto, one instance is really feeling a fracturing experience in the neck.
Video clip: Why Do My Joints Fracture?
Crepitus describes any kind of breaking, standing out, breaking, or grinding feeling that happens when a joint actions. There are 3 typical sources of joint crepitus. See: Video clip: Why Do My Joints Split?
Neck crepitus is normally pain-free and also commonly does not stand for anything severe. Nevertheless, if crepitus accompanies various other uncomfortable signs such as discomfort or adhering to injury, it might suggest a much more severe hidden clinical problem exists.
Neck Composition Associated With Splitting Appears
The element joints in the neck are where the rear of nearby vertebrae collaborate. There is a smooth surface area on completion of each bone called cartilage material. Inside the element joint is synovial liquid, which lubes the joints. At the front of the surrounding vertebrae is one more link called the intervertebral disc area. When frameworks in the back scrub with each other and also make audios, neck crepitus is assumed to happen.
Enjoy Cervical Spinal Column Makeup Computer Animation
Some most likely root causes of neck crepitus consist of:
See Neck Discomfort Triggers
When frameworks in the spinal column scrub with each other as well as make audios, neck crepitus is believed to take place. One recommended reason for neck crepitus is the development as well as collapse of small gas bubbles, brought on by stress modifications within the joint.
Neck crepitus might be triggered by any one of these elements, or in many cases maybe a mix of these or various other elements. It must additionally be kept in mind that crepitus can take place in any kind of portable joint in the body (with usual instances consisting of the shoulders and also knees).
Review What Is Crepitus? on Arthritis-health. com
In This Write-up:
Neck Grinding and also breaking: What Does It Mean?
Exactly How Neck Crepitus Really FeelsWhile neck crepitus is generally pain-free, it can additionally be gone along with by numerous levels of neck tightness or neck discomfort, varying from boring pains to acute pains.
See Sorts Of Neck Discomfort
Individuals that have some level of discomfort with neck crepitus might go to a greater threat for having unfavorable ideas and also tension connected with their neck's splitting as well as grinding audios. When it does not, these adverse ideas may create individuals to needlessly stress or modify actions that the neck has major architectural damages also. A research that considered individuals with unpleasant knee crepitus discovered that the individuals had much more fears that their knee-cracking audios showed early aging, and also they were additionally more probable to attempt to customize motions to stay clear of making the audios.4 Comparable outcomes could apply for individuals with neck discomfort as well as crepitus.
The Program of Neck Crepitus
Neck crepitus can happen at any kind of age, yet it is most likely to happen as an individual grows older. The regularity of neck splitting as well as grinding noises can differ substantially. Some individuals may experience neck crepitus a couple of times a month, whereas others could experience it each day and even throughout the day with a lot of neck activities.
Neck crepitus might experience some durations where it happens regularly than others. As an example, neck grinding as well as splitting could happen often for a couple of days and afterwards disappear. In instances where neck crepitus is the outcome of bone-on-bone grinding because of facet joint osteo arthritis, the neck splitting and also grinding noises are most likely to happen often with activities and also not vanish.
See Cervical Element Osteo Arthritis Video Clip
While enhanced neck breaking as well as grinding audios can accompany joint inflammation, there is presently no clinical proof to recommend that constant neck splitting can result in joint inflammation. As we age, the noises often tend to relocate from louder as well as much more obvious splits to a lot more grinding or grinding feelings.
When Neck Crepitus Is Severe
If neck grinding or breaking is come with by discomfort, tightness, or various other worrying signs and symptoms, it might suggest a hidden clinical problem that requires to be inspected by a certified health and wellness expert.
1. Unsworth A, Dowson D, Wright V. 'Splitting joints' A bioengineering research study of cavitation in the metacarpophalangeal joint. Ann Rheum Dis. 1971; 30: 348-358.2. Kawchuk GN, Fryer J, Jaremko JL, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R. Real-time visualization of joint cavitation. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10( 4 ): e01194703.Chandran suja V, Barakat AI. A Mathematical Version for the Appears Generated by Knuckle Fracturing. Sci Rep. 2018; 8( 1 ):46004. Robertson CJ, Hurley M, Jones F. Individuals"s ideas concerning the significance of crepitus in patellofemoral discomfort as well as the influence of these ideas on their practices: A qualitative research. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017; 28:59 -64. | <urn:uuid:361e2955-1e2e-4b8e-884e-6fa26f730ef9> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://livingdazed.com/the-noise-produced-by-bones-or-cartilage-rubbing-together-is-called/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662562106.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523224456-20220524014456-00748.warc.gz | en | 0.945142 | 1,188 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Controlling the Enter Key
When you press the Enter key Excel typically selects the cell beneath the current cell.
Some people change this default option so that the selected cell does not move at all when Enter is pressed.
When you think about it, you often press Enter and then immediately move back to the cell to either copy it, or format it.
If you want to change what the Enter does when you press it, you can change a setting in Excel Options.
In the Advanced section of Excel Options (press Alt t o in sequence to see Excel options) the very first option controls the Enter key.
If you un-tick the option the Enter key will not change the selected cell when pressed.
You can see from the image above that you can also get the Enter to move in any of four directions.
Using the Right option may be handy if you are entering data across a page. | <urn:uuid:d6651eee-723a-4399-8219-117e584cb2a5> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://a4accounting.com.au/tips/controlling-the-enter-key/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991252.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20210512035557-20210512065557-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.869983 | 185 | 3.34375 | 3 |
In this particular excerpt from a discourse, Osho speaks about Gertrude Stein’s final moments before dying, when “she flowered in this koan.”
Gertrude Stein, (February 3, 1874, Allegheny City [now in Pittsburgh], Pa., U.S. – July 27, 1946, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France), was an avant-garde American writer, eccentric, and self-styled genius whose Paris home was a salon for the leading artists and writers of the period between World Wars I and II. One of her most widely known quotations is “A rose is a rose is a rose.”
Gertrude Stein was dying. Suddenly she opened her eyes and asked her friends who were gathered together around her, “What is the answer?” Now this is tremendously beautiful, almost a koan. The question has not been asked; she asks, “What is the answer?” Of course, nobody was capable of answering it. They looked at each other. They were at a loss even to understand what she meant. A Zen master was needed, somebody who could have responded from his heart – spontaneously, immediate. Somebody who could have laughed uproariously, or shouted, or done something, because such a question – What is the answer? – cannot be answered through words.
Stein is saying that the question is such that it cannot be formulated – and yet the question is there, so what is the answer? The question is such that it is impossible to utter it. It is so deep, it cannot be brought to the surface. But still it is there, so what is the answer? The question is such that it is not separate from the questioner, as if the questioner’s whole being has become a question mark: What is the answer?
They looked at each other. They were completely at a loss as to what to do. They must have thought: The dying woman has gone mad. It is mad, absurd, to ask, “What is the answer?” when the question has not yet been formulated. No one replied. No one was aware enough to reply to it. No one responded, because in fact no one was there to respond. No one was so present as to respond.
“In that case,” she insisted, “what is the question?” Again silence followed. How can anybody else tell you what the question is? Certainly she has gone mad. Certainly she is no more in her senses. But the question is such that it is impossible to say what it is. The moment you say it, you betray it. The moment you verbalize it, it is no more the same. It is not the same question that was there in the heart. Once it becomes verbalized, it becomes a head thing. It looks almost trivial, almost superficial. You cannot ask the ultimate question. In asking it, it will not be the ultimate any more.
Only a master could have understood what she was saying. She was a beautiful woman, a beautiful person, of tremendous understanding. And at the last moment of her life, she flowered in this koan. You must have heard her famous statement which has almost become a cliché, ‘A rose is a rose is a rose’. Nothing can be said about the rose, except that it is a rose. All that you can say about it will falsify it. It is simply there in its strange beauty, with its unknown fragrance, as a fact. You cannot theorize about it. And whatsoever you theorize will be about something else, will not be about this rose; will be a reflection in the mirror, will not be the true thing.
A rose is a rose is a rose – nothing more can be said. Nothing is being said when you say: A rose is a rose is a rose. If you go to a logician, he will say this is a tautology; you are repeating the same word unnecessarily. You are not saying anything! But something is being said: that nothing can be said.
“In that case,” she insisted, “what is the question?” The silence remained unbroken. Nobody was capable enough to respond. A reply was not needed; she was asking for a response.
You can go on thinking about life and death, and you can go on creating many theories and hypotheses, but the whole of philosophy is just rubbish. Life remains unanswered, death remains unanswered. At that moment, Stein was asking about life and death; about that which is life, about that which is also death – about the ultimate, the substratum, the very ground of your being. She was asking: Who am I? But philosophy has no answers. Philosophy has been trying to answer; centuries of thinking, speculation, but the whole effort is empty.
Osho, The Search, Ch 8 | <urn:uuid:17049b4d-940c-4bf1-9f42-18f7d2dadef3> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.oshonews.com/2018/09/08/what-is-the-answer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573121.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917203354-20190917225354-00439.warc.gz | en | 0.987041 | 1,028 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Transitional Factors that Cause the Simultaneous Presence of Undernutrition and Obesity in Developing Countries, a Lecture by Dr. Dan Hoffman, Ph.D., March 12, 2014
Dr. Hoffman studies the biological and environmental factors that cause obesity. His research investigates how changes in substrate oxidation may predispose an individual to an increase in body fat. Dr. Hoffman collaborates with the University of São Paulo, Brazil and the University of Southampton, UK in the study of two large, unique cohorts. In Brazil, Dr. Hoffman follows a cohort of over 600 children in the shanty towns of São Paulo in order to discern the factors that affect nutrition and health in this population.
Dr. Hoffman is also involved in evaluating the roles of an influx of multinational supermarkets on obesity in transitional countries such as Bulgaria. The aim of this research is to determine the parameters that dictate whether an individual will shop exclusively at a large supermarket versus a traditional public market.
In his lecture, Dr. Hoffman first discussed the current state of nutrition throughout the Developing world. Countries discussed were China, Korea, countries in Africa, and countries of the former Soviet Union. Then Dr. Hoffman discussed his own research on nutrition and children in São Paulo, Brazil.
Developing countries are currently facing the dual problems of undernutrition and obesity within the same population. Poor nutrition is often reflected by the rate of stunting in the population of a particular country. Stunting occurs when there is inadequate nutrition in the first few years of life that prevents a growth spurt from occurring. Dr. Hoffman showed the following slide:
Children do not grow on a continuous basis, but, in fact, have growth spurts at specific times in the first few years of life. The slide depicts that undernutrition during one of these growth spurts can lead to limited growth at that particular time leading to stunting in the young adult and adult.
At the same time as incidents of undernutrition in certain areas of the country, there is now occurring throughout the developing world, movement of people from rural areas to cities.
In so doing, people who are new to urban life are more prone to become obese because they no longer walk as much as they did in the rural areas, and their diet changes from locally grown food to food (often fast food) purchased in shops. An example of this is shown in the figure below:
Dr. Hoffman assigned the following articles for the class to read:
Andrew M Prentice. The emerging epidemic of obesity in
developing countries. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006;35:93–99
Daniel J. Hoffman , Dylan J. Klein. Growth in transitional countries: The long-term impact of under-nutrition on health. Annals of Human Biology
September-October 2012, Vol. 39, No. 5 , Pages 395-401
Available through Rutgers Libraries
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/03014460.2012.705893 | <urn:uuid:df48c01b-9c9c-4931-9e0a-4dc572720847> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://howtocureobesity.com/2014/03/18/transitional-factors-that-cause-the-simultaneous-presence-of-undernutrition-and-obesity-in-developing-countries-a-lecture-by-dr-dan-hoffman-ph-d-march-12-2014/?share=google-plus-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528433.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420000959-20190420022959-00516.warc.gz | en | 0.940598 | 616 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.
Academic writing, like all forms of communication, is an act of identity: it not only conveys disciplinary ‘content’ but also carries a representation of the writer. The notion of identity has only surfaced in writing research relatively recently, but it is increasingly seen as less a phenomenon of private experience than a desire for affiliation and recognition.
‘Cave men could do it, why can’t I’?
Communication in the written form has been around for millions of years, be it on a cave wall, or the best university in the land. Mans attempt to get across a message has truly been a constant in our lives for so very long. Essay writing to many people is a difficult concept to grasp. Plenty of time is taken up preparing the makeup of the essay. There are no shortcuts in a well written essay, only time and research can bring about the results the university requires.
The plan, Where to begin! The age old question when it comes to essay writing. How do you put that first word, then sentence and finally paragraph together? Well according to most of the sources that I have come across, a basic structure keeps coming up. The importance of an introduction, as well as the body and conclusion are all key areas of an essay. Then just as you embark on your writing task, more problems are faced.
Outlined below are 4 key areas I believe let students down time over time.
To identify the main issue(s), explain and justify the methods(s) of analysis to be use, and assess the quality of the evidence available.
Sounds straight forward enough when you start out, but without the correct introduction, the reader or audience will be lost to you. Trying to find balance between the correct amount of information, to draw the reader in, without sounding to boring or waffling on.
A quote or hook is one way to draw the reader in, and have them wondering if the rest is as good or have they used up their best material. Do you agree with the question or disagree? Put together an argument that can both show your knowledge of the subject material, and putting it into an argumentative context.
DEFINITION OF PLAGIARISM
Oxford English Dictionary (Vol XI, pg 947) 1989:
1. The action or practice of plagiarizing; the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication of one’s own, of the ideas, or the expression of the ideas (literary, artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.( of another.
2. A purloined idea, design, passage, or work.
Plagiarius in Latin means “kidnapper, seducer, plunderer”, a “literary thief” according to the Roman poet, Martial.
Plagiarism is not simply understood. Students may deliberately choose to plagiarize their work, but others may through other means, reach the same desired goals.
Students from many backgrounds may not understand the reasoning behind plagiarism, which can lead to significant problems within education. Students tend to plagiarize because they do not understand how they can write in their own voice, as it can be such a daunting task.
Others may not have developed the skills to accurately document their information. Still others may be struggling to learn English.
Planning and research
So we have been asked to write an essay 2000 words long, ideally the best thing we can do is to always start with a plan. Planning an essay makes things much easier. It gives you the chance to organize your time so you can meet your deadlines accordingly. It helps you distribute the information in a clear way. Planning provides you with a true sense of safety, since you are already half way done even before writing the first paragraph of the paper.
With this particular essay I find that I am in agreement with the question. It is an extremely complex issue, as I have outlined above, to organise and write. A problem faced by so many is the ideas and information that is floating around inside their mind, but do not have the natural ability to get said material onto paper.
‘To form an argument: introduce the concept, talking about obvious instances first, such as size and style, talk about what they tend to involve, and answer what this provides. Give the positive and negative aspects. Then assess the perfect environment, and contrast this with a good or bad situation’
(Northedge, 1990, pp. 110-155)
BODY where the evidence is presented, examined, arguments put forward and supported or refuted. This is where you should develop your argument or themes. Taking each of your main points and support them with examples and illustrations. Start breaking your materials down into paragraphs, one paragraph for each aspect of the topic.
The following is the basic essay structure or discernible pattern, which should help you plan your essay and organize your material, expanding the three elements that constitute any essay.
MAIN BODY – where the evidence is presented, examined, arguments put forward and supported or refuted.
CONCLUSION – where you sum up and draw the threads together.
Your introduction should:
(a) Comment on the title or topic of the essay
(b) Define or explain any difficult or ambiguous terms in the title; plus keywords
(c) Direct the reader by stating which aspects off the topic you intend to cover and why
The introduction should be roughly 5% of the total length of your essay, generally one paragraph.
The main body of the essay should develop your argument or theme. Take each of your main points and support them with examples and illustrations. Break your materials down into paragraphs; one paragraph for each aspect of the topic.
A paragraph may:
(a) raise a particular issue, or
(b) develop a particular issue.
Often the first sentence is the topic sentence – that is, it explains what the paragraph is about.
As you develop your argument, you must move from point to point and from paragraph to paragraph. This involves transitions to smooth the way for the reader. It is important to remind the reader where you have been and where you are going.
Linking words are used as ‘signposts’ to help the reader make the transition from one paragraph to the next. The linking words you use will depend on the way you are developing your argument.
The following are ways to develop your essay from one paragraph to the next, and common linking words for each.
1. Cause and Effect: You can discuss the cause in one paragraph and the effect in the next one, or the other way round. In this case you are expressing a relationship or drawing a conclusion.
(Linking words: ‘as a result’, ‘thus’, ‘therefore’, ‘consequently’,’ thus’, ‘for this reason’, ‘because of’.)
2. Positive and Negative Aspects: You can contrast the positive and negative aspects of something. You might discuss the positive aspects in one paragraph and the negative in the next.
(Linking words: ‘but’, ‘however’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘although’.)
3. Sequence of Events, i.e. before and after: You can show the next step or the previous step to the event you are discussing.
(Linking words: ‘then’, ‘after that’, ‘finally’, ‘ultimately’, ‘following’, ‘before’, ‘first’, ‘previously’, ‘firstly’, ‘ …secondly ‘, ‘ … thirdly’.)
4. Illustration: You can illustrate or give an example of what you have been talking about.
(Linking words: ‘for example’, ‘for instance’, ‘such as’, ‘that is’.)
5. Extension: You can extend an idea, add weight to your argument, give further examples.
(Linking words: ‘similarly’, ‘moreover’, ‘furthermore’, ‘in addition’, ‘not only’.)
Your conclusion should:
Summarize your main ideas.
Answer any specific questions which were asked, through your answer may be tentative.
Draw a general conclusion from your argument.
In your conclusion you may also, discuss the wider implications.
You should not introduce any new arguments or information.
The conclusion should make up about 7-8% of the total length of your essay.
It is useful to check the essay for basic errors a day or two after writing it, if you have allowed time for this and you are not then tempted to start re-writing bits of it!
Thompson, Celia. Discourses on Plagiarism: To Discipline and Punish or to Teach and Learn?, http://www.bond.edu.au/hss/communication/ANZCA/papers/CThompsonPaper.pdf.
The purpose of the essay is the natural aim or plan of the essay itself. As the writer, it is your sole responsibility to judge just what exactly you wish to accomplish with your essay once you’re done with it. A common misconception among students is that the essay’s purpose is to simply impress their high school teachers or professors who’ve requested them to write an informative or persuasive essay. This is not just harmful, but frowned upon, as professors are genuinely disappointed in such efforts by their students who don’t see the wider perspective of the essay (i.e. the actual target audience).
Your essay must include the following:
Selection of at least four (4) key points from the Readings and/or other academic sources
Presentation of ideas in an essay structure
Correct referencing throughout (in-text and in the Reference List)
Presentation of ideas that are related to student learning
Demonstration of your understanding of the issues and concepts
Demonstration of your ability to reflect on own context and present relevant argument
Good Study Guide by Andrew Northedge)
Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31,
Essay Structure diagram
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To check the reliability of the HABS drawings I measured the Meeting House this month. Yes, the drawings used here are accurate.
This Meeting House for the East Hoosuck Society of Friends (Quakers), built in 1786, is now a museum in Adams, Massachusetts. It sits high on a hill in its cemetery, looking east over the Hoosic River to the Berkshire mountains. This is its west side.
As I was creating a handout for the guides about the scribe rule markings visible on the frame, I wondered what the geometry might be. Quaker communities existed nearby in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. We knew Quakers migrated up the Hudson River watershed from Rhode Island and Nantucket after the Revolution. Would I see similarities to other frames I had measured?
I did see similar ways of laying out a frame. However, without more research I cannot say these layouts were particular to Quakers.
The Friends Meeting would have told the master carpenter how large the building should be, that windows were needed for light and ventilation, fireplaces for warmth. These Friends knew that the door should face south, that the wind here came around the mountain from the northwest, that a chimney is best supported by bringing it through the roof at its peak.
He laid out a square from the inside of the posts and marked locations for posts on the corners.*
Why would he have begun his layout on the inside edge of the posts?
Perhaps because the trench in which to place the footings for the posts would be outside the line. The ground under the frame would not need to be excavated.
The plan could also be trued from the interior edge of the posts much more easily than from the exterior when the posts were in place: the diagonals would be made equal across the rectangle. Contractors today still 'true' foundations by pulling lines.
His center line located the middle posts on the north and south walls as well as the 8 sided posts that are located between the pews.
Using the Rule of Thirds, he laid out the eastern end. The location of the eastern wall posts is 1/3 the width of the main square beyond the square.
I have marked the 1/3 of the square and the extension with arrows in red.
The center line running east west determined the post on the east wall.
His post locations set, the framer laid out the 4 bents. This is the eastern exterior bent.
It uses crossed squares with the side of the square the height of the wall from floor to plate.
Even the braces follow the geometry.
The height of ridge of the roof, and thus the pitch of the roof, was set by the intersection of the arcs of the height of the wall.
This way of finding a ridge was also used in the Hartford, NY, barn I measured in 2014. http://www.jgrarchitect.com/2014/12/a-hartford-new-york-barn-was-carefully.html
The window placement was determined by the same crossed squares geometry.
The 4 sides of the windows are determined by the geometry.
I have drawn the lower window only. The upper window requires more lines which are hard to read at this scale.
The south facade of the meeting house is 2 squares wide.
Quakers worshiped together, men and women, and children.
Their Meetings for Business were held separately: women on the left, men on the right, with a wall between them which could be raised or lowered as needed. Thus the two doors which sit neatly within one quarter of the square.
The window sizes on the south side do not fit the geometry. They were probably enlarged when the men's stair was added.
Both scribe and square rule framing details as well as joist pockets without joists indicate renovations.
For me it's fun to see how the first floor windows are located at the bottom of the stairs, where light would be needed for safety.
*The hybrid barns in New Jersey which I looked at earlier were also laid out based on dimensions measured between the posts: http://www.jgrarchitect.com/2017/06/practical-geometry-for-hybrid-dutch.html
For more information about the Meeting House and the Quaker community in Adams please see: | <urn:uuid:03a6c88a-201b-4ddf-9724-3a340092bb1a> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.jgrarchitect.com/2017/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195530250.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20190724020454-20190724042454-00290.warc.gz | en | 0.970461 | 901 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that happens when the nerves carrying messages between the brain and spinal cord are diseased or damaged.
Peripheral nerves comprise the network that connects the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body such as skin, muscles, and internal organs.
There are several potential causes of peripheral neuropathy. The diagnosis is usually done through physical exams and blood tests.
Treatment of peripheral neuropathy
Treatment of peripheral neuropathy is about managing the condition to reduce the symptoms. If your medical exam reveals that there is no underlying condition, then the doctor may suggest a few things to see if the symptoms will improve.
There are a number of medications used to treat conditions related to peripheral neuropathy. Some of them may be effective while some may not, depending on how your body reacts to them.
It is always recommended that you carry out enough tests to ascertain that the symptoms you are suffering from are actually those of peripheral neuropathy.
• Pain relievers
There are over-the-counter medications that are usually recommended for peripheral neuropathy symptoms. They include anti-inflammatory drugs and nonsteroids. If you are experiencing severe symptoms, then your doctor can recommend painkillers.
It is however important to note that medications that contain opioids such as oxycodone and tramadol can lead to addiction and dependability.
Medicines such as pregabalin and gabapentin normally used to treat epilepsy can also be used to relieve pain. You may experience side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness.
Some tricyclic antidepressants like doxepin, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline have also been found to help a lot in relieving pain. They do that by interfering with the chemical process taking place between the spinal cord and the brain.
• Topical treatments
Medical experts believe that capsaicin cream containing an element usually found in hot pepper can also improve peripheral neuropathy symptoms.
Although you may experience skin burning and irritation effects while applying the cream, it will lessen within a short time.
Another form of treatment you can try is lidocaine patches. If you apply the cream to your skin using the correct procedure, then you are likely to experience pain relief.
There are a number of procedures and therapies that have also proven to improve the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. However, ensure that the therapy is conducted by a qualified doctor after diagnosis.
• Intravenous immune globulin and plasma exchanges
This procedure helps in suppressing the activities of the immune system. It is more beneficial for people with specific inflammatory conditions.
Plasma exchange is basically the removal of a patient’s blood together with proteins and antibodies from the blood system and returning only into the body.
• Physical therapy
In case you are experiencing muscle weakness, a doctor may recommend physical therapy so as to improve body movements. You can also try foot and hand braces, a wheelchair, or a walker.
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
This is a process where electrodes are put on the skin of the skin to release a gentle electric current at different frequencies. This procedure should be done at least 30 minutes every day to get maximum benefits.
Surgery is often recommended if the peripheral neuropathy condition is as a result of pressure on the nerves. Surgery will help to release the pressure from the nerves and bring about comfort to the patient.
Lifestyle and home remedies
You can also manage peripheral neuropathy by doing the following:
• Exercise: Exercising regularly such as taking a walk at least three times a week can help reduce neuropathy pain, control sugar levels and improve muscle strength
• Quit smoking: Smoking can affect blood circulation and increase foot problems among other neuropathy complications
• Healthy eating: a healthy diet will ensure that the body gets the right nutrients and vitamins. Always include vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and whole grains in your diet.
• Monitor your sugar levels: In case you have diabetes, ensure that you closely monitor your blood glucose levels to improve neuropathy symptoms. | <urn:uuid:e4efdc0b-014b-419b-bebd-2c693f3c24e1> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.acroan.com/how-to-treat-peripheral-neuropathy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038072366.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413122252-20210413152252-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.936084 | 838 | 3 | 3 |
It’s Washington, D.C. about to enter late June. The blissful breeze, low humidity, and near-perfect temperature levels of late can’t and won’t last forever. Indeed, long range computer models agree hotter, stickier times are around the corner.
Next week, slowly but surely, a classic “Bermuda high” pattern will evolve. What happens is simple: as high pressure drifts from the East Coast over the Atlantic towards Bermuda, the clockwise circulation around it acts like a heat pump, channeling oppresively moist tropical air up the East Coast.
It’s a little too early to say exactly how hot it will get.
NOAA’s Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) predicts the maximum heat index - what it feels like combining the heat and humidity - will ascend as such:
By Thursday, the heat index has a 20 percent chance of exceeding 100 HPC says.
These temperatures are not record-breaking and lower than peak levels reached last June, but could be the hottest of 2012 to date.
Enjoy the weekend before the sultriness seeps in. | <urn:uuid:236cd2dd-f0a0-4704-85c7-5503c1391e80> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/hot-weather-lurks-for-washington-dc-next-week/2012/06/15/gJQAWPULfV_blog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1387345775611/warc/CC-MAIN-20131218054935-00099-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88262 | 244 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Definition of Bayadere
The word "bayadere" uses 8 letters: aabdeery.
n. - A female dancer in the East Indies. 2
Direct anagrams of bayadere:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after bayadere (in bold), or to aabdeery in any order:
Shorter words found within bayadere
aa ab aba abed abrade ad ae ar arb ardeb are area areae ba baa baaed bad bade bar bard barde bare bared be bead bear beard bed bee beer bra brad brae bread bred brede bree breed dab darb dare de dear deb debar dee deer dere drab dree ear eared ed er era ere rad re read reb red rede ree reed | <urn:uuid:54f0d12d-8427-41d7-bed3-12bbf97042c8> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.morewords.com/word/bayadere/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999141.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620044948-20190620070948-00510.warc.gz | en | 0.701475 | 172 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Type of Thesis
Cuban coral reefs have been well-preserved due to a global economic embargo over the past sixty plus years, as well as strict environmental policies and goals implemented by the Cuban national government. This thesis examines sustainable natural resource management in the context of coral reefs in Cuba, studying the importance of reef ecosystems to the economic and ecological health of local communities as well as the strengths and weaknesses of environmental policies implemented by the Cuban government. As the U.S. embargo on Cuba begins to lift, there will be a dramatic increase in tourism and foreign industry into Cuba, bringing with it a host of environmental concerns. Australia, the Bahamas, and the Philippines are used as case studies to examine the relative successes of various environmental management strategies with each country receiving a numerical ranking based on a variety of criteria. Using the results of this ranking, a set of recommendations are made for Cuba to consider in order to best preserve the quality of the country’s coral reefs while still allowing for economic growth and development.
Kitz, Kelsie, "Cuban Coral: An Analysis of Environmental Policy, Conservation Practices, and Sustainable Development" (2016). Undergraduate Honors Theses. 1227. | <urn:uuid:44f945c2-0469-4e1d-9541-0b1f396c6bfc> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://scholar.colorado.edu/honr_theses/1227/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948517350.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212153808-20171212173808-00184.warc.gz | en | 0.904293 | 243 | 2.609375 | 3 |
As part of the Location Photography module, I am required to take 2 environmental portraiture images of a person with an ‘unusual job.’ One must be interior while the other is exterior. I am also required to use flash, an interesting challenge as I have only ever used it in a studio setting.
Environmental portraiture is considered to be:
‘making a portrait that’s executed in the subject’s living, working, or playing environment and illuminates their life and surroundings.’ (Bourne, 2011)
Arnold Newman was considered a pioneer of the technique, representing many well known figures through the technique, such as Stravinsky. One of Newman’s best environmental portraits comes from photographing Alfried Krupp.
Krupp was an amateur photographer and Olympic sailor who was the heir to the Krupp industrialist empire. He was a supporter of Nazism and a member of the SS from 1931. Krupp was imprisoned at the Nürnberg war crimes trials for building a fuse factory inside Auschwitz to take advantage of slave labour. Newman has described his photograph of Krupp as ‘one of my best photographs.’
The image is extremely evocative of villainy and has a cold, calculating feel through the pose of the subject, the contemplative look and the very sculptural lighting. The lighting creates interesting shadows on the face that darken the eyes, making him look more sinister. The background links Krupp to the industry from which he came, while also combining it with the sinister look of the man himself. This ensures that he is remembered for his role in World War II and his 12 year imprisonment for the use of slave labour. Krupp was apparently not a fan of the image: ‘When he saw the photos, he said he would have me declared persona non grata in Germany.’ (Source) | <urn:uuid:e2d5133a-c5aa-4985-aff6-75cefd1a2645> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://emilywintrip.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/environmental-portraiture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887600.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118190921-20180118210921-00629.warc.gz | en | 0.96943 | 392 | 2.71875 | 3 |
January 10 to March 29, 2002
Exhibited at the Archives’ New York Research Center
The definition of American folk art is notoriously difficult to pin down. In the twentieth century “folk art” has embraced everything from Pennsylvania German frakturs to eccentric architectural environments.
Holger Cahill in his landmark 1932 exhibition American Folk Art: The Art of the Common Man in America, for the Museum of Modern Art, looked to the pre-industrial past for “the simple and unaffected childlike expression of men and women who had little or no school training in art, and who did not even know that they were producing art.” In the 1940s, art critic and collector Jean Lipman pointed to folk art as the product of a great democracy. It was spontaneous, home-grown, non-derivative, and non-academic. Three decades later, Herbert Waide Hemphill, Jr., and Julia Weissman in their book Twentieth Century American Folk Art and Artists, expanded the scope to include living artists, and asserted that &ldqou;the vision of the folk artist is a private one, a personal universe, a world of his own making,” unaffected by the mainstream art world.
The Archives of American Art has collected a wealth of primary sources documenting the contested terrain of American folk art. In celebration of the opening of the American Folk Art Museum’s new building at 45 West 53rd Street, the Archives presents selected documents from the papers of the tastemakers who advanced the aesthetic appreciation of these individual expressions. | <urn:uuid:62dc01ce-3b6a-4a8d-9f5b-f4baf867ad6b> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.aaa.si.edu/exhibitions/folk-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783398628.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154958-00051-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95931 | 321 | 2.671875 | 3 |
by Ann M. Colford & r & & r & & lt;span class= "dropcap " & S & lt;/span & ometimes, no matter how compelling the artifacts, a museum exhibition just can't convey all the fascinating details about a subject. No one knows this better than museum professionals like Marsha Rooney, curator of history at the MAC. After three long years developing "The Mapmaker's Eye: David Thompson on the Columbia Plateau" and locating items like the explorer's original field journals, Rooney found there was more to say than could fit into a single gallery. So she tracked down seven experts on various aspects of Thompson's world and made plans to bring them all to Spokane this month. The first two speakers -- local author Jack Nisbet and Kalispel elder Francis Cullooyah -- addressed a crowd last weekend at the MAC, but the remaining five will make four separate presentations on the next two Saturday and Sunday afternoons.
"They're all people I ran into while working on the exhibit, and contacts that Jack [Nisbet] made," Rooney says. "I wanted to build on some of those themes and threads that we were not able to develop as much in the exhibit."
One of those threads is artist Paul Kane, who recorded some of the first visual images of the landscape traveled by Thompson, although Kane passed through some 35 years later. Several of Kane's field sketches from his travels with the Hudson's Bay Company are on display at the MAC to illustrate the landscape that Thompson saw and wrote about. Like the American painter George Catlin, whose work he saw in London, Kane sought to capture what he saw as the rapidly disappearing wilderness and tribal culture of the West.
"The understanding in British North America at that time was that a trip across the continent was a trip across the wilderness," says Dr. Ian MacLaren of the University of Alberta, who will talk about Kane on Saturday. "Even after the Oregon Treaty had been signed [establishing the 49th parallel as the international border], the Hudson's Bay Company still was the way to get across the continent."
After one aborted trip on his own, Kane convinced the HBC to let him tag along on a two-year journey (1846-48) from Lake Superior across the Continental Divide and down the Columbia River to Fort Vancouver and back again. In return, the artist created several paintings for HBC governor George Simpson after his return to Toronto. Later, he used his sketches to produce more than 100 paintings in the studio.
"He never had in mind that he'd make his money by sketching," MacLaren says. "There wasn't any market. Patrons had no taste for sketches; they thought sketches seemed preparatory for finished works of art."
While the prejudice toward finished paintings remains a reality in the art market, the sketches have great ethnographic import, says MacLaren. As unedited first impressions of what Kane saw, the sketches share the immediacy of observations in Thompson's field journals.
& lt;span class= "dropcap " & D & lt;/span & uring his years of travel, Thompson filled his journals with observations of the land and people, notes on furs bought and sold, and detailed astronomical readings to determine longitude and latitude. Soon after his retirement from the fur trade in 1812, he produced extensive maps of the area; only later, in 1845, did he draw from the observations in the journals to begin a narrative that he called his Travels.
"Thompson's Travels is his most accessible work," says Dr. William Moreau from the University of Toronto, who is working on a new three-volume edition of Thompson's writings, drawn from the journals, maps, oral sources and the Travels. "It's the work where he's trying to weave together the whole tapestry of his life and how it unfolded against the backdrop of western North America. It's an expansive text, as expansive as the West itself."
Moreau will speak Sunday afternoon about the process of editing historical texts. Once a text is selected, located -- not always an easy task -- and examined, he says, a scholar must choose how to present and explain the text to an audience who will read it across a gulf of time and space.
"I'll talk about the editor as mediator," says Moreau, "and examine some of the decisions that editors make, getting into the mindset of an author. There are all kinds of assumptions that we bring to a text that Thompson wouldn't have had.
"Everyone wants to latch onto Thompson and claim him as his own, but we can't pretend that he's a person of 2006," he continues. "That gets into the last function of the editor, which is explicating the text, deciding what kinds of footnotes will be included, how much to explain."
Next weekend, Dr. Jean Barman and Bruce Watson of Vancouver will talk on Saturday about the intermingling of cultures that came about from the fur trade. On Sunday, Dr. William Lang of Portland State University wraps up the lecture series by placing Thompson in the context of other explorers of the Northwest, including Lewis and Clark and George Vancouver.
The March Lecture Series, held in association with the exhibit, "The Mapmaker's Eye: David Thompson on the Columbia Plateau": "The Art of Paul Kane," Dr. Ian MacLaren, University of Alberta, on Saturday, March 11, at 2 pm; "Puzzling History: Editing Thompson's Papers," Dr. William Moreau, University of Toronto, on Sunday, March 12, at 2 pm; "Intermingling Cultures: Fur Trade Families," Dr. Jean Barman, University of British Columbia and Bruce Watson, Vancouver Community College, on Saturday, March 18, at 2 pm; "Comparative Exploration: Lewis & amp; Clark, Vancouver, and Thompson," Dr. William Lang, Portland State University, on Sunday, March 19, at 2 pm.
All events are at the Eric A. Johnston Memorial Auditorium, Northwest Museum of Arts & amp; Culture, 2316 W. First Ave. Tickets: $15; $12, MAC members. Visit www.northwestmuseum.org or call 456-3931.
The new one is smart and funny and action-packed, and it’s bigger and better and sleeker. And Downey does it again, this time ramping up Stark’s arrogant wisecracking, telling anyone who’ll listen (mostly women) that, via the creation of his powerful Iron Man suit, he’s brought years of uninterrupted peace to the world. | <urn:uuid:7d378b0e-36fa-4ba7-b155-687aff1c55af> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.inlander.com/spokane/travels-over-time/Content?oid=2179909 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430453921765.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501041841-00028-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968266 | 1,376 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The effect of stamping shrapnel
Due to its characteristics, springs are widely used in machinery and equipment manufacturing, electronics, electrical appliances, computers, high-tech product parts, etching, auto parts, kitchen supplies, adjusting gaskets, stainless steel foil overmolding and other industries. What is the function of metal stamping spring shrapnel?
(1) It can control mechanical movement, such as the valve shrapnel in the internal combustion engine and the control shrapnel in the clutch.
(2) It can store and output energy as power, such as shrapnel from clocks and firearms, etc.
(3) Ability to absorb the energy of vibration and impact, such as the cushion shrapnel under the car and train carriage and the vibration-absorbing shrapnel in the coupling, etc.
(4) It can be used as a component for measuring force, such as force measuring device and shrapnel in shrapnel scale, etc.
The ratio of the load to the deformation of the shrapnel is called the stiffness of the shrapnel. The greater the stiffness, the harder the shrapnel. According to the nature of the force, the shrapnel can be divided into compressed shrapnel and curved spring shrapnel, etc. If divided according to the shape, it can be divided into disc-shaped shrapnel, annular shrapnel, truncated scroll shrapnel, torsion bar shrapnel and so on. | <urn:uuid:24a67734-7b13-4785-a43b-783c81538e12> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | http://en.szdifei.cn/news/452.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335444.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220930051717-20220930081717-00548.warc.gz | en | 0.950978 | 295 | 2.953125 | 3 |
I thought that today, as I have so many photos of churches I would take a look at the differences between churches with spires and steeples like photo 1 and towers, like photo 2. If you look at a British Ordnance Survey Map you will find different symbols for churches with steeples and towers. Why is this and why is it important? The main difference between the two is age. Steeples and spires were first built in the 12th century in Europe and were certainly being built in England by the 14th century. Towers on churches are much younger. It is because of this fact that the two are differentiated in the maps – so the observer can get a broad sense of the age of the church. So take a look, is it a tower or is it a steeple?
Fun Fact: St Martins Church, Canterbury, Kent dates from 597 CE/AD. It is believed to be Britain’s oldest church.
#miniblog #mybrittrip #www.mybrittrip.com #church #tower #steeple #spire #england #britain #unitedkingdom @rgtmum @brittrip2017 #ordnancesurvey #map | <urn:uuid:ed103ced-7432-4d54-a13a-902acff68f17> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mybrittrip.com/2017/10/10/tower-or-steeple/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.96884 | 261 | 2.890625 | 3 |
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