text stringlengths 222 548k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 95 values | url stringlengths 14 1.08k | file_path stringlengths 110 155 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 53 113k | score float64 2.52 5.03 | int_score int64 3 5 |
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Mesh networking is expected to open up large markets for ubiquitous LAN connectibles. Mesh networking is typically implemented in two basic modes: infrastructure and/or client meshing. To gain the maximum benefit that meshing can offer, both modes must be supported simultaneously and seamlessly in a single network. Infrastructure meshing creates wireless backhaul mesh among wired Access Points and Wireless Routers. This reduces system backhaul costs while increasing network coverage and reliability. Client meshing enables wireless peer-to-peer networks to form between and among client devices (i.e., end users) and does not require any network infrastructure to be present. In this case, clients can hop through each other to reach other clients in the network.
See Ad hoc networks, Smart dust. | <urn:uuid:840f1d26-f127-403e-8808-ce8d20274fe8> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.advancedbatteriesresearch.com/glossary/130/mesh-networks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107874340.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020221156-20201021011156-00594.warc.gz | en | 0.920839 | 151 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The Epiphany in Greece is one of the most fascinating of cultural traditions to witness during your travels.
Epiphany Around the World
The Epiphany is one of the oldest Christian celebrations. It is a significant feast day, sometimes referred to as the 12th day of Christmas or Three Kings Day. It falls on January 6th and represents the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist and the famous visit from three Wise Men.
Here in Greece, there are special customs that set this holiday apart.
Epiphany in Greece
The English word Epiphany derives from the Greek language and means manifestation. In Greece, it’s known as theophania which means a vision of God. It is also referred to as the Celebration of the Lights or ta fota. That’s because in the Orthodox Church, this is the special day when the world was illuminated by God’s presence. It’s also important to note that St. John’s religious name day takes place the day after on January 7th which is a popular name day for those with names like John, Joanna, Ioannis or Ioanna. This means a lot of cultural name day celebrations will be taking place at bars and restaurants too.
Officially, the Epiphany ends the Christmas period but of course, in Greece, this is done in a very ceremonious way. Here’s how…
Epiphany in Greece: Children Singing and the Blessing of the Waters
The customs around the Epiphany take place the day before. You’ll likely see Greek children singing special Greek holiday songs called kalanta. You’ll see these kids singing out at public squares, at small businesses or even in public transport. The idea behind this is that they are symbolically communicating the message of Jesus’ baptism. It is common for adults around them to give them a few coins for their efforts.
Should you go to a Greek Orthodox Church, a ceremony called the Lesser Sanctification of Water or mikros agiasmos is performed by priests. Sanctified water is sprinkled on the congregation.
Finally, on January 6th a big event takes place called the Blessing of the Waters. Whole communities gather by the water for this symbolic event that involves swimming in January waters. Among the crowd of villagers or city folk will be priests and local politicians. While the custom varies around the country, it always takes place at a body of water whether it is a sea, lake or river.
A priest will say prayers and throw a wooden cross into the water which symbolizes the Holy Spirit. Men will dive in and race quickly to grab it first. It is said whomever gets it first gets a special blessing from the priest and good luck is expected for him in the year ahead.
Ephiphany Customs Across Greece
Here are a sample of ways that Greeks across Greece celebrate this significant holiday with tradition and creativity.
- In the Greek capital of Athens, the Blessing of the Waters is sight to behold as thousands gather in Piraeus which is the city’s main bustling port.
- In Thessalia, you can find the Rougkatsi which are 10 costumed villagers who sing from house to house.
- In Kastoria and Kozani, the Ragkoutsaria takes place. Locals don scary masks to symbolically ward evil spirits away.
- In northern Greece, in a region called Halkidiki, the Fotarades custom brings forth a local “king” dressed in the talagani traditional shepherd’s cape and he leads a fantastic and ceremonious dance.
Witness Epiphany Celebrations in Greece
As you can see the Ephiphany in Greece is an important part of the winter holiday season. Should you travel to Greece during the first week of January, witnessing these traditions would be a unique part of the travel experience. Do locals celebrate the Ephiphany where you live? | <urn:uuid:ee071c7a-19f8-444b-bf73-4bb082a645bd> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://flymetothemoontravel.com/epiphany-greece-celebration-meaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057615.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925082018-20210925112018-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.951423 | 806 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Tips For Managing Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus In Mums
According to a report from Heidi Wollaeger, Extension Educator at Michigan State University, growers should be scouting their chrysanthemums for symptoms of tomato spotted wilt virus. So far this year, tomato spotted wilt virus has been detected on five cultivars in chrysanthemum crops in multiple greenhouses in Michigan.
Tomato spotted wilt virus, a tospovirus, is vectored in the greenhouse by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). The symptoms of tomato spotted wilt virus are yellow blotching or rings, brown necrotic spotting, and graying and collapsing of stems, often directly under the flower. Growers should look for these symptoms when scouting:
• Blotchy chlorosis in circular patterns and angular necrosis
• Blotchy chlorosis on one branch of mum with circular chlorotic spots on leaves on lower foliage
• Angular necrosis of leaves and plant stunting
• Even yellow, chlorotic blotching on leaves
• Angular marginal necrosis and yellow rings around necrotic region
Symptoms may initially appear on a few leaves or on one branch of the plant, and some cultivars may show symptoms of the virus more readily than others. You should not be able to visually identify the virus, as it has similar symptoms to other viruses and pathogens. You will need to submit samples to a diagnostics services lab or perform in-house testing to verify that the suspected plants do have tomato spotted wilt virus.
For more information, including photos of tomato spotted wilt virus symptoms, recommended products for controlling thrips (managing thrips is essential for preventing the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus because only thrips can spread the virus), and tips on how to keep mums safe for pollinators, check out the complete Michigan State report. | <urn:uuid:abcf9c04-7825-4969-bf47-06b9a89c52fc> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.greenhousegrower.com/production/crop-inputs/tips-for-managing-tomato-spotted-wilt-virus-in-mums/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267162563.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925222545-20180926002945-00166.warc.gz | en | 0.904042 | 389 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Law of Induction
Faraday's Law of Induction states that the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic field lines cutting it.
The “rate” here is associated with the speed of the movement of magnet / coil. When the speed changes, the magnitude of induced emf will change accordingly.
Note that when the question does not mention about speed, we do not need to explain the question with the “rate”. An explanation with “a change in magnetic field lines cutting the coil” is sufficient.
The below illustration shows the meaning of a CHANGE in magnetic field lines cutting the coil.
From position 1 to position 2, the number of magnetic field lines cutting the coil changes from 1 to 5, hence, there is an increase (change) in the magnetic field lines cutting the coil when the magnet moves from position 1 to position 2. Thus, an emf is induced during this movement.
Note that when we know the change (either increase or decrease), we have to state so.
The magnitude of induced emf can be increased by
Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced e.m.f. (and hence induced current in a closed circuit) is always such that its magnetic effect opposes the change producing it.
Note that although the direction of induced emf opposes the change producing it, it still occurs. This means the magnet will still go into the solenoid or leave the solenoid but it takes a little bit longer due to opposing force.
The following analogy might help to understand the Lenz’s Law better.
(a) As the coil moves into the magnet, there is an increase in the magnetic field lines cutting the coil. By Faraday’s Law, this induces an e.m.f. across the coil (which drives an induced current (include this only if question asks for induced current)).
(b) By Lenz’s Law, the direction of induced current always opposes the change producing it. Thus, North pole is induced on the left side of coil when it moves towards North pole of magnet. By Right Hand Grip Rule, the induced current flows clockwise in the coil
(c) If the coil is moved more slowly, there is a decrease in the rate of change of magnetic field lines cutting the coil. Thus, the magnitude of the induced current decreases, which is shown by a smaller deflection of the galvanometer. | <urn:uuid:aa6d2f92-1ab8-4689-b25e-9125f8b5adbb> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://www.excelatphysics.com/law-of-electromagnetic-induction.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999814.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625072148-20190625094148-00009.warc.gz | en | 0.938742 | 533 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Marijuana is a drug used both recreationally and medicinally.
Although this drug may be of benefit to some populations suffering from specific diseases, the adverse effects of recreational marijuana may outweigh the benefits.
One of these adverse effects could very well be hair loss.
So, how does marijuana cause hair loss? In this article, I’ll explore the preliminary research that suggests marijuana may lead to excess hair shedding.
What Is Marijuana?
Marijuana is a plant that contains cannabinoids. These are active phytochemicals that exert different effects on the body by interacting with molecular signaling systems.
Marijuana, in contrast to other Cannabis plants like industrial hemp, contains high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unlike the other cannabinoids in marijuana, THC is psychoactive cannabinoid. This means that it impacts the way the brain functions.
THC also influences the body’s systems in other ways.
Key Takeaway: Marijuana contains phytocannabinoids and is specifically high in THC, a psychoactive cannabinoid.
The Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system is a group of receptors. It includes CB1 and CB2 receptors along with the families of TRPV and PPAR receptors.
All of these receptors are distributed throughout various tissues in the body.
When cannabinoids like THC enter the body, they bind to these receptors. As a result, they can change the ways cells function and communicate with each other.
THC and all the other cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant exert their effects on the body through this system of receptors.
- The endocannabinoid system contains CB1, CB2, and the families of TRPV and PPAR receptors.
- These receptors are distributed throughout the body, allowing cannabinoid like THC to influence the way the body functions.
Does Marijuana Cause Hair Loss?
Now that you know how marijuana influences the body’s systems, you can better understand how marijuana might cause hair loss.
Below, I’ll discuss the possible mechanisms behind marijuana-induced hair loss.
Combustion, Contamination, and Free Radical Damage
Whenever something is burned, it always creates combustion byproducts. The purity of the product will determine how toxic these compounds are. But, combustion byproducts always have some degree of toxicity.
This means that even the purest of marijuana can produce toxic compounds.
Marijuana is often smoked using marijuana cigarettes, bongs, or pipes. This is one of the preferred routes of administration because of its fast-acting effects. Absorption through the lungs enters the bloodstream very quickly.
The downside of this is that Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced as a result.
PAHs are fat-soluble compounds that easily pass through cell membranes (1). They are first metabolized by enzymes in the body that produce pro-carcinogenic metabolites.
These metabolites increase the free radical concentration within cells.
Free Radicals, Inflammation, and Hair Loss
So, what does this have to do with hair loss?
Hair follicle cells, especially the dermal papilla cells (DPCs; the cells responsible for signaling hair growth) are extremely sensitive to free radical damage (2). Once free radicals damage these cells, it impairs hair growth.
Free radical damage can also stimulate inflammation through the activation of NF-κB, a pro-inflammatory transcription factor (5). When free radicals activate NF-κB, this transcription factor moves to the nucleus where it influences the production of genetic material.
It shifts gene expression to pro-inflammatory by increasing the production of:
- Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes which produce all the pro-inflammatory prostaglandins of the body
- Lipooxygenase (LOX) enzymes which produce pro-inflammatory thromboxanes and leukotrienes
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines which are signaling molecules that tell cells to upregulate inflammatory mediator production
Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators. Depending on what kind of mediators are produced, they can either have generally pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.
In the presence of high levels of omega-6 fatty acids in the body, excess COX & LOX activity stimulated by free radical-induced NF-κB activation can mean massive amounts of inflammation.
The production of pro-inflammatory mediators can directly antagonize hair growth and produce more free radicals, creating a vicious anti-hair growth cycle (6).
Altogether, free radical damage, which can be upregulated by PAHs from marijuana combustion, and the subsequent inflammation may cause hair loss.
Street Marijuana Contamination
Additionally, street marijuana samples have been found to be contaminated with toxins like ammonia (9). Ammonia is required by the body in very small concentrations.
However, excess ammonia can be extremely toxic. Once ammonia gets inside cells, it can deplete adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency for the whole body (10).
This ATP depletion is directly toxic to the nervous system and the brain. But, it may also prevent hair growth.
ATP is produced by the mitochondria, tiny little organelles within all of our cells. While the exact role of mitochondria and ATP may play in hair loss is unknown, we can make some assumptions based off of the findings of one interesting animal study.
In mice who were depleted of mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material needed to assemble mitochondria, they exhibited classic signs of aging: hair loss and skin wrinkling (11).
Because mitochondria produce ATP for the cell, this suggests ATP production may be critical for hair growth. This is not surprising considering ATP fuels all cell functions and collective tissue actions like hair growth.
Interestingly, when researchers restored mice mitochondrial function, their hair regrew and skin returned to normal.
Considering the potential for ammonia contamination, some marijuana may cause hair loss through ammonia toxicity.
Toxic Compounds Associated with Marijuana Use May Cause Hair Loss
With the overall toxicity that can potentially occur as a result of marijuana use, it’s safe to say that it’s best to stay away. If you’re looking to grow your hair, marijuana may be a no-go.
- Even the purest marijuana, when smoked, creates combustion byproducts called PAHs. These elicit free radical damage which is directly toxic to hair growth. They can also upregulate inflammatory activity (mediators and cytokines) through NF-κB which produces more free radicals and has a direct antagonistic effect on hair growth.
- Some marijuana samples may also be contaminated with toxins like ammonia. Ammonia depletes ATP which is not only toxic to the nervous system but may also hamper hair growth. Evidence from animal studies suggest ATP depletion may cause hair loss.
- If you’re looking to grow your hair, marijuana may be a no-go.
THC, the Endocannabinoid System, and Hair Loss
Besides the potential toxicity of marijuana, THC may directly affect hair growth.
Researchers attempted to investigate the effects of THC on hair (12). To do this, they created a full hair follicle organ culture that allowed them to test the effects of THC on the whole follicle as opposed to single cells.
What they found was this: when THC was added to the organ culture, it dose-dependently inhibited hair elongation or growth.
After adding a CB1 receptor antagonist, it reversed the hair growth inhibition by THC. This means that the hair growth suppressant effect of THC is caused by its activation of CB1 receptors.
This doesn’t necessarily mimic the effects of marijuana when administered to the whole body because it’s not a direct application to hair follicles like in the study.
However, cannabinoids like THC are known to accumulate in the sebaceous glands of the hair follicle with marijuana use (13). This suggests that smoking marijuana could cause THC to infiltrate the hair follicle and possibly cause hair loss.
So, even when marijuana is ingested orally to avoid combustion products, it still may pose a risk to hair health due to the effects of THC.
- THC was shown to inhibit hair growth via the CB1 receptor in one organ culture study.
- This does not necessarily mimic how THC could affect the hair follicle when administered to the whole body. However, THC is known to accumulate in the sebaceous gland following marijuana use.
- Even when marijuana is ingested orally to avoid combustion byproducts, it may still pose a risk to hair health.
Does CBD Cause Hair Loss?
THC isn’t the only cannabinoid in marijuana. Albeit in lower concentrations, cannabidiol (CBD) is still present. There are also various other cannabinoids present, but their effects on hair have not been explored as of yet.
CBD is much more concentrated in hemp extracts that are produced from the low-THC industrial hemp plant.
CBD, unlike THC from marijuana, is not likely to have a negative effect on hair. This is because it doesn’t activate the CB1 receptor that inhibits hair growth.
In fact, CBD may have a protective effect on hair. Preliminary studies suggest that CBD may normalize sebum production (sebostatic effects) as well as exert anti-inflammatory action on the skin (14).
This is believed to occur as a result of CBD’s activation of certain TRPV receptors and inhibition of NF-κB activation. This leads to the reduction of sebum production and inflammatory gene expression.
This may be beneficial for one type of hair loss: AGA.
Although hormones play a distinct role in AGA, the effects of excess male hormone activity can also exacerbate the condition (15).
One of the hallmarks of AGA and a consequence of male hormones is excess sebum production. This provides the perfect conditions for bacteria like P. acnes to proliferate inside hair follicles.
As P. acnes continues to grow, it continues to produce more and more porphyrins which are potent inflammatory molecules.
More sebum also means more potential for sebum oxidation. Oxidized sebum contributes to free radical damage (16).
These combined effects can not only damage the skin around hair follicles but also directly stimulate hair shedding, as mentioned before.
With the collective anti-inflammatory and sebostatic effects of CBD, it may help intervene in the vicious cycle that underpins AGA.
So, although THC may be toxic to hair growth, the non-psychoactive CBD counterpart is likely not.
- Marijuana also contains lower amounts of CBD.
- CBD, unlike THC, is a CB1 antagonist. CB1 activation is what mediates hair loss caused by THC.
- Moreover, CBD may have protective effect on hair. It has both sebostatic and anti-inflammatory properties that may mitigate some factors in AGA.
- Although THC may be toxic to hair growth, CBD is likely not.
Other Side Effects of Marijuana: It’s Not Just Hair Loss
Beyond its possible negative effects on hair health, marijuana also results in a host of other adverse effects, such as (17):
- Impaired short term memory
- Altered judgment
- Impaired motor skills
- Increased risk of psychosis
When use begins in teenage years, chronic marijuana users may experience:
- Altered brain development
- Poor educational outcome
- Cognitive impairment
- Diminished life satisfaction
Contrary to how marijuana is often portrayed, it is not a benign, non-addictive substance. Chronic use, especially in adolescent years, can result in severe consequences.
- Marijuana is not a benign substance and its adverse effects extend beyond its potential impact on hair growth.
- Adolescents are seemingly at higher risk for the long-term adverse effects.
Can Marijuana Truly Contribute to Hair Loss?
Marijuana contains high levels of THC. It is much higher in concentration compared to other cannabis plants like industrial hemp.
Marijuana may contribute to hair loss in a few ways. The combustion byproducts that result from smoking marijuana can cause free radical damage that is directly toxic to hair growth. Additionally, free radicals stimulate inflammation that further exacerbates hair shedding.
This drug also has the potential to be contaminated with toxins like ammonia. Depletion of ATP by ammonia may contribute to hair loss, according to some animal research.
Additionally, THC is believed to directly antagonize hair growth through the activation of the CB1 receptor. Contrastingly, THC’s non-psychoactive counterpart, CBD, is a CB1 antagonist. This cannabinoid may even confer protective effects to hair.
Despite these consequences, marijuana is a drug that can have dangerous long-term downsides. Examination of the literature tells us that adolescents may be at a higher risk.
Whether you are experiencing hair shedding or not, rethinking marijuana use (especially recreational) is a good idea.
Have you experienced marijuana-related hair shedding? When did you begin to notice it? What was your experience? Leave a comment with your story below. | <urn:uuid:653166a1-5a50-4462-88db-87d2d1c3c46a> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.hairscience.com/does-smoking-weed-cause-hair-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038119532.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20210417102129-20210417132129-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.925758 | 2,728 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Production Standards Lenzburg: ABB's state-of-the-art factory in Lenzburg manufactures high-power semiconductors. It features a "class 10" cleanroom which is 500 times cleaner than a surgery room. HVDC Light uses a special kind of semiconductors, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT), which are a core component of a system and ensure reliable switching operations.
Semiconductor production: Passivation
Passivation (synthetic coating) of high power bipolar semiconductor wafer edge.
Semiconductor production at ABB factory in Lenzburg, Switzerland (etching)
After a coating step, the wafers are patterned using a wet etching process through a photomask. Switching functions are embedded in the wafer.
Silicon wafers metalized on both sides using electron beam evaporators are the raw material of power semiconductors - switches that very precisely turn electrical current on and off. Semiconductors are found in everything from cell phones and computers to heavy industrial machines and HVDC power transmission systems.
Semiconductor production: Positioning
Turning single silicon chips into power modules begins with soldering them onto substrates. Chips and solder preforms are manually positioned before soldering takes place in a hydrogen atmosphere. | <urn:uuid:085c7d64-6123-4c3d-bfd9-e4dc189e320a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://it-spots.de/2009/06/the-abb-group-automation-and-power-technologies-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141740670.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204162500-20201204192500-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.870042 | 273 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Once a world leader in educational performance, the U.S. was the first country to offer free public secondary education to all young people and led the world in number of people earning post-secondary degrees after World War II.
Recently, however, there is growing awareness that the U.S. faces a national crisis in education and that our schools must improve dramatically in order to maintain our position in the competitive world economy. As a whole, the U.S. public education system does not produce students who are ready for college or competition in the global marketplace. In fact, students in the U.S. perform significantly less well academically than their peers from other industrialized nations – the United States now scores 17th in reading, 31st in math, and 23rd in science, as measured by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). This is despite the fact that we spend more per student on education than any other developed country. In addition, there is a persistent student achievement gap along income and ethnic lines. The broader social costs of this educational decline could be significant. A 2010 study conducted by the Hoover Institute and the OECD concluded that if the U.S. could boost average PISA scores by 25 points over 20 years, it could result in a $41 trillion gain for the U.S. economy over the lifetime of youth born in 2010.
Over the last decade, a number of results-oriented leaders in states, districts, charter management organizations, and nonprofits have led the reform of U.S. public education. These leaders bring new urgency, new ideas, and new strategies to address current challenges and drive higher and more equitable outcomes for students. Some of the new ideas prove to be critical levers for change, others face significant resistance or political challenges, and others have not delivered expected results. All hold lessons for how future educational leaders can contribute to solving one of the most important issues facing our nation.
This course will provide an overview of the critical issues facing K-12 public education in the United States and innovative reform strategies designed to drive higher academic achievement for all students. Students will examine the complexities of the existing education system, entrepreneurial strategies to address core challenges, and leadership styles and approaches to bring about systemic change. Students will learn about efforts underway by the federal government, state education departments, school districts, charter management organizations, and nonprofits.
The course has four modules:
- Understand the Context of Public Education – This module will set the stage to understand the current issues facing public education in the U.S. We will discuss the achievement gap and economic impact and then explore opportunities and challenges to improve our schools.
- Get, Grow, and Keep the Best Talent – This module will explore the human capital challenge facing public education. We will examine innovative strategies to prepare, recruit, evaluate, and retain effective teachers and school leaders. Sessions will focus on teacher preparation, measuring teacher effectiveness, and principals as instructional leaders and CEOs.
- Focus on Performance – This module will examine various theories of action to improve student outcomes as well as strategies to raise standards and hold people accountable. Sessions will focus on accountability and empowerment as well as new initiatives (such as the Common Core State Standards) to raise the bar for students.
- Create Systems of Great Schools – This module will focus on how to move beyond pockets of excellence in individual classrooms and schools to create systems of great schools so that every student receives an excellent education. Building on strategies explored in the talent and performance modules, sessions will focus on different public school models (e.g., district, charter), a portfolio approach that includes launching new schools and closing underperforming schools, and transformative reform at the district and state level.
Adjunct Associate Professor
Tracy Breslin has dedicated her career to ensuring that all students – regardless of background – have access to a high-quality education that prepares them to succeed in school and life. Tracy has over seventeen years of experience in education and nonprofit management. Tracy has served as a talent management consultant since 2011, working with a variety of urban school districts and state... | <urn:uuid:b6dc3b19-e276-44ee-bd2f-2440eb44e7d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/courses/mba/2014/spring/b8558-001 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118713.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00527-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946721 | 825 | 3.390625 | 3 |
According to experts every meal should be divided in terms of such nutrients, and the breakfast should have following division of calories:
- Carbohydrates: 45
- Proteins: 35
- Fats: 20
Carbohydrates contain every essential mineral and vitamin; it’s a main source of energy, hence we need it in high quantity. However, fats are of two types of which healthy fats should be used daily in the form of nuts, olive oil, and avocados etc. Protein is also essential that you can take from dairy products.
Another thing is calcium which is essential for our bones or teeth, and it should also be a part of our breakfast.
There are different ways through which you can add these minerals in your breakfast, as you can take whole grains because it is rich in fiber, minerals as well as vitamins. For breakfast you can have it in the form of whole grain cereals, whole grain breads, oatmeal, and granola that should be low-fat. You can have these carbohydrates in a moderate form.
Protein keeps you full; hence you will not take many calories. You can have one cup of skim milk as it is fatless with 8 grams of protein. You can also add skim milk to coffee, tea, oatmeal or any cereal.
Eggs are also good source of protein, and one large egg has only 70 calories with 6 g of protein, and only 5 g of fat, however it has more cholesterol so those who have cholesterol issues should avoid eggs. You should also avoid sausages or bacon because these are rich in fat.
How much calcium you should take depends on your age as well as gender; but as an average you should have 1,000 mg of calcium on a regular basis. The main sources are milk, yogurt and cheese, but adults should have low-fat diet so better use skim milk which has 306 mg of calcium. Whereas, low-fat cheese has 207 mg of calcium and an 8-ounce fat-free yogurt has 452 mg of calcium. However, children has no issues with fat hence they can take normal foods.
This is also essential and you can take it in the form of whole grain bread, and fruits or fruit juices. You can also add fiber rich fruits in your cereal or low-fat yogurt. | <urn:uuid:bbeca597-0384-4b27-b2f5-4ccf8e57b5d9> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.freshandnatural.com/green-living/what-is-the-ideal-breakfast-nutrition-breakdown | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039610090.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210422130245-20210422160245-00179.warc.gz | en | 0.968874 | 479 | 3.03125 | 3 |
27 September 2009
In the postwar period three British turboprop aircraft vied to be the next DC-3 replacement- the Avro 748, the Handley-Page Herald, and the Aviation Traders ATL.90 Accountant. Only the Accountant (so named due its advertised "good economics"), never reached service.
Aviation Traders was founded in 1948 by Freddie Laker, one of Britain's foremost aviation entrepreneurs. His company dealt initially with the scrapping of surplus war aircraft and later moved into the modification of existing aircraft. In the 1950s Laker decided to take the company into the realm of full aircraft manufacturing. At the 1953 Farnborough Air Show, the company revealed a 28-passenger aircraft powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart turboprops designed to operate from austere airfields. A stretched version seating 42 passengers was also planned and a swing nose was planned to ease the loading of freight (which was why the nose wheel was set so far back in the design).
The prototype first flew in July 1957 but as Aviation Traders was not an established manufacturer the Accountant failed to attract any orders other than interest from the Indian Air Force. Laker didn't have the funds to continue supporting the project and he failed to find an established manufacturer to take on production of the design. The larger Fokker Friendship F-27 proved to be a dominating competitor in the market and after only five months of flying and 200 flight hours, the Accountant never flew again. It would be scrapped in 1960.
Source: British Airliner Prototypes Since 1945 by Stephen Skinner. Midland Publishing, 2008, p119. | <urn:uuid:f37c3601-ba93-4f6e-b4be-91e39d836515> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.tailsthroughtime.com/2009/09/in-postwar-period-three-british.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187945.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00119-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96305 | 335 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Solution to: Water Bucket
The surface of a cylinder with an open upper side is: O = pi×R2+2×pi×R×H, where R is the radius of the cylinder and H is the height. The volume is given, V = 30 = pi×R2×H liters (or dm3). The surface can then be written as O = pi×R2+2×V/R. If you take the first derivative of R and look where this derivative equals 0 you get Rmin = (V/pi)1/3. So the minimum surface is O = pi×Rmin2+2×pi×Rmin×H = 3×pi1/3×V2/3 or about 42.42 dm2. | <urn:uuid:d242dcf9-36df-4f87-8886-77fe9da6a95a> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://puzzlesite.nl/arith/bucket_water_us.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578558125.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422155337-20190422181337-00522.warc.gz | en | 0.906775 | 161 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Assistive Listening Devices
Poor acoustics caused by noise, reverberation and distance between the speaker and listener may cause additional difficulty for students with hearing impairments. Students who are hard-of-hearing may benefit from the use of an Assistive Listening Device (ALD).
What is an ALD?
Assistive Listening Devices (ALD) support the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants by allowing the user greater ability to separate speech sounds from ambient noise when the person speaking is at a distance of more than a few feet.
How does an ALD work?
The ALD consists of a microphone (mic). There are two types of mics available (one directional mic “uni”, for a lecturer to wear, or multi-directional “omni”, for access to small group conversations/labs). Collected speech is passed from the microphone to a transmitter (worn by the speaker or installed in the room), then travels along to the receiver (could be a FM System the student is wearing), and finally reaches the user’s ear (headphones), hearing aid or cochlear implant.
How Can I Receive an ALD?
Contact the Disability Resource Center for assistance in trialing an FM System loan and/or exploration of current classroom ALD installations on campus.
Options for ALD’s:
The DRC has a variety of options available, including personal FM listening systems, classrooms with installed ALD systems, and PA systems.
- FM Systems: An FM system is designed to provide amplification assistance in a classroom environment, and may be checked out to eligible students.
- Classroom Installed ALD's: Listen brand transmitters are located in the following classrooms (“Channel 1” frequency):
- Center for Science and Mathematics, Bldg. 180, Room 101
- Christopher Cohan Center- Performing Arts, Bldg. 6, Room 124
- Science, Bldg. 52, Room E27
- Engineering IV, Bldg. 192, Room 106
Note: Instructors would need to be informed of the need in advance in order to collect the wireless mic/transmitter from the DRC.
- Public Address Systems (PA Systems): PA systems installed in classrooms of 100+ capacity.
Process & Responsibilities
To request the use of this equipment, students should:
- Verify their disability with the DRC office
- Meet with an Access Specialist, who will explain and authorize use of the appropriate Assistive Listening Device
- Complete an Equipment Request Form (available from an Access Specialist) each quarter that the listening device is used
- Notify and meet with instructors ahead of time to demonstrate the proper use of this equipment
- Report any problems to John Lee (805-756-5972) or Lori Waters (805-756-5797), immediately
- Return equipment to the DRC office at the end of each quarter
- Determine eligibility for Assistive Listening Device based on an impairment-related functional limitation
- Explain and assist students in Assistive Listening Device process and responsibilities
- Work with students to resolve any problems with Assistive Listening Device
- Answer any questions and/or concerns of instructors regarding use of Assistive Listening Device
- Regularly evaluate services for provision of Assistive Listening Device
John Lee, Assistive Technology Specialist, (805) 756-5972
Lori Waters, Access Specialist, (805) 756-5797
Location: Bldg 124 (Student Services, across from Spanos Stadium) | <urn:uuid:cd51f1e4-f18f-4dc4-b333-2fdb786b20e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://drc.calpoly.edu/content/services/assistive_listening | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689775.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923175524-20170923195524-00294.warc.gz | en | 0.90108 | 747 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Don’t get us wrong, protecting people for open head injuries is fantastic. An open head wound can result in a skull fracture resulting in fragments entering the brain. If that doesn’t happen, draining blood and brain fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, which creates a buffer between the skull and the brain) can kill the victim within minutes.
Even though concussions are closed head injuries, they can be also be very dangerous and potentially deadly. They can result in a break in the tissue surrounding the brain known as a brain hemorrhage. This is very hard to detect up front and can trickle blood into the skull causing a build up of pressure that eventually can kill the victim.
Concussions can also cause problems with:
These symptoms are both in adults and children, but some studies have shown that the long term effects on concussions suffered by children in car accidents can have a profound effect on their brain development in the future.
Concussions and Children
The study, conducted by a team headed by Keith Owen Yeates, a neuropsychologist at Ohio State University’s Center for Biobehaviorial Health, was published online Monday in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. Researchers aimed to identify which kids may be most at risk for lingering symptoms.
The study consisted of 186 subjects aged 8 to 15 who had suffered mild concussions and other mild brain injuries and had been treated hospitals in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio. The published results were based on parents’ reports of symptoms up to 12 months after the injuries.
The researchers specifically chose brain injuries that are considered “mild” (no more than half an hour of unconsciousness). Out of the test subjects 60% of kids with concussions or other brain trauma (74 children) had no loss of consciousness.
“In most kids with these injuries, symptoms resolve within a few months but the study results suggest that problems may linger for up to about 20 percent,” said Yeates, the study’s author.
After all of the response data was tallied, researchers found that children with even relatively mild concussions can have persistent attention and memory problems a year after their injuries. They found that 20% (15 children) who lost consciousness had lingering forgetfulness or other non-physical problems a year after their injury.
Problems like forgetfulness were more likely to linger than fatigue, dizziness and other physical complaints.
The study showed that losing consciousness seemed to be a much more telling sign of future complications. Children who lost consciousness or who had other mild head trauma that caused brain abnormalities on imaging tests, compared with kids who didn’t get knocked out or who had normal imaging test results.such as:
- Difficulty paying attention
Furthermore, they found 6 of the test subjects who had shown abnormal brain scans had lingering headaches or other physical problems three months after being injured.
“What parents want to know is if my kid is going to do OK. Most do OK, but we have to get better at predicting which kids are going to have problems,” Yeates said. “[Some children] may need temporary accommodations, including extra time taking school tests, or wearing sunglasses if bright light gives them headaches.”
Post Car Accident Treatment
When emergency medical staff, both at the scene and in the emergency room, examine the child, they must be vigilant. Just because it is a closed head injury doesn’t mean it isn’t a very serious situation that could have lasting effects on the child.
“[Concussions] should not necessarily be treated as minor injuries,” Dr. Frederick Rivara, Archives’ editor, said in a journal editorial.
Rivara, a pediatrician and University of Washington researcher has conducted similar showing that mild traumatic brain injuries, including concussions, in children should be properly prioritized and require far more study in order to determine the real effect, what type of treatment and activity restriction is needed on children in order to curb the number of head injuries resulting in future developmental consequences of head trauma.
It is imperative that parents, after a serious car accident, make sure that their children’s head injuries are properly examined, addressed, and monitored. Also, following the accident, they need to monitor their children’s brain function, memory, behavior, and keep a close eye on grades. They should also have regular candid conversations with teachers and care givers in order to determine if they have observed changes.
Seattle Car Accident Lawyers
The violent impact of a rear-end or front end crash can have a severe effect on children. In the case of spinal cord injuries or brain injuries, the child’s development can get severely hampered, affecting their physical and cognitive abilities throughout their lives. No parent wants to see his or her child grow up with a disability because of a car accident that may have been avoidable by displaying just a little bit more caution.
Phillips Law Firm can help you with your Vehicle Accident claim.
At Phillips Law Firm our lawyers are dedicated to getting you justice and compensation you deserve. Call Phillips Law Firm at 1-800-708-6000, we are waiting to assist you 24/7, offering a free case evaluation. Remember our no fee promise. If we do not recover anything for you, you do not owe us an attorney fee
It is important to act immediately. Do not let the window of opportunity for your case close as all cases have statues of limitations. You deserve justice and we are here to help. | <urn:uuid:8a61e682-bc87-4d15-9253-472a13026372> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.justiceforyou.com/how-does-a-concussion-in-a-car-accident-effect-my-child/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827639.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216095437-20181216121437-00429.warc.gz | en | 0.957088 | 1,138 | 3.328125 | 3 |
As part of our preparation for the 18 month Antarctic mission, the wintering teams of Bird Island, Halley, King Edward Point and Rothera stations of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) had a week long outdoor training in Derbyshire, UK. However the sessions focused on more or less the same outdoor skills that are used by mountaineers, these were all placed in the very special context of the Antarctic environment, which made the whole training different from those I had before, and so assumed it might be interesting for you too. Please consider that this post is a story and not an advice, the descriptions are neither detailed nor accurate enough to be used as a training material.
Weather and risk assessment
The scope of the training was the safe outdoor operation in the special environment of the Brunt ice-shelf in Antarctica: a large, flat, floating ice attached to the Antarctic continent and bordered by the Southern sea. The weather of the shelf is harsh: temperature from 0°C to -50°C (32 to -58 °F), wind speed up to 150 km/h (80 knots), typically dry air and precipitation in form of snow. The primary source of danger is the cold itself, which can be the direct cause of frostbite and hypothermia, and the indirect cause of incidents related to the „getting to home syndrome”, which has the main symptoms of hurry, bad judgment and corner cutting and results last-mile incidents. The feeling of cold is not simply related to the temperature but also significantly effected by the wind speed and the precipitation, therefore the weather, which can also obstruct both the sight and hearing and change the terrain by moving large amount of snow, has a massive impact on the risk level in general. The other big natural source of danger are the crevasses: these disguised, always hungry ice-cracks can swallow skiers, sleighs and even huge machines without problem. However, the two scariest dangers are man-made: the carbon-monoxide and the uncontrolled fire, both side-products of the efforts to create a livable environment in that vast frozen desert.
However the last fatal incident involving BAS personnel was a leopard seal attack a few years ago, it was a unique and unforeseeable incident – even though BAS has significantly limited the research diving and completely banned the recreational diving – so it is rarely mentioned as a lecture example. The risk that caused the most fatal incidents in the last couple of decades all over the Antarctica was the carbon-monoxide poisoning.
Since the main source of risks is the cold, we started with the protection against it, which is the clothing. Similar to most outdoor kits the clothing has three main functional groups: the sweat extracting base layer, the air filled heat insulating inner layer, and the wind-proof, physically durable outer layer. Since the body is continuously generating the heat this system can protect from hypothermia even in extreme cold. The user cand adjust the temperature by taking on and off some of the inner insulating layers according to the weather and the physical activity. The difference between digging a hole on the sun in a calm weather and then getting on the ski-doo and travelling with 30 km/h (17 mph) getting in and out the shades of a patchy sky can be huge. The clothing has to cover the whole body because even if the core temperature is normal any exposed part of it can suffer a frost-bite, especially if the overall clothing is insufficient, in which case the body heat retreats from the outer regions to the core by narrowing the capillaries. If the temperature of any body part reduces to -2°C (28°F) the blood starts to freeze and it slows down then stops the circulation of the effected body part resulting numbness, insensibility and finally the death of the tissues starting from the surface. Frost-bite can be prevented by systematically covering the whole outer surface of the body with insulating and wind-proof material: hat, scarf, balaclava, mask, ski goggles, gloves, and socks overlaying each other and in multiple layers if necessary. BAS provides a tested clothing kit for all its workers travelling to the Antarctica, which can protect its user even on the coldest days. The reason for cold injuries is therefore typically human error such as misjudgement of the weather conditions, unpreparedness for weather change or leaving certain parts of the body exposed to the cold, most typically the ear, nose and cheek.
There are still numerous frost-bite injuries happen at the Antarctic stations of BAS. One of the previous winterers told me the story that he arrived back from the work and found a small dark spot on his cheek. He rubbed it and it fell of leaving a ugly and painful wound behind. It was a frost-bite between the ski-goggles and the mask and he did not even feel any of it.
The secondary protection against cold is the shelter, which enables us to warm up, eat, work and sleep comfortably. Shelters can be found in many forms in Antarctica. The Halley station is a modular building complex powered by its own generator. There are other buildings powered from generators, like the emergency living module, the science cabooses and the temporary container camps used during the relocation of the station. Since these buildings are heated one just enters them and can immediately rest and stay in comfort. The second type of shelters are not powered from generators, but they are fireproof and have good ventilation so they can be heated up using primus stoves. A typical example is the pyramid tent similar to those what Scott used a century ago, but the halfway caboose between the present and the relocation site is also like this. Pyramid tents are generally packed and pulled on a sledge behind the ski-doos in all cases, when a party goes away from the station even if they cross only the 23 km (14 mi) distance between the two Halley sites, since if a bad weather comes in during the journey, the best choice is generally to make a camp and wait until it goes. Although these tents are not the light-weight 5 sec types, they are still relative simple to pitch, spacious enough to house two or three persons and equipment, has a high attic where clothes can be dried and they are absolutely bomb-proof, so one can sleep well in them even in the greatest storm sweeping down the ice-shelf. The primus stove itself is an old, reliable construction, almost the same that was used in the heroic age of Antarctica. It is powered by kerosine and generates a massive amount of heat, which is vital for melting ice to get water for drinking and cooking. Their disadvantage is the they potentially generate CO that is a colorless, odorless gas that can accumulate in the air of the tent and if breathed in, it blocks the oxygen transportation capability of the blood and leads to sleepiness, unconsciousness and finally to drowning. To prevent this, the tent has to always have a good ventilation, and stoves has to be always observed by someone. BAS has also modified the primus stove to generate the least possible CO and provided gas sensors with multiple alarm levels for all stoves. The third type of shelter provides solely protection against wind a precipitation, which is enough to enable a good night sleep in the thick sleeping bags provided with them. These light-weight tents and bivy-bags are used only when the weight is a limiting issue, so generally on airplanes and with skis. Light-weight packing is not typical at the Antarctica due to the harsh and changeable weather: redundancy and reserves are the pillars of survival. These shelters provide more than enough protection against the Antarctic conditions if they are used well. So the training was mainly a user’s manual and a practice opportunity for us.
A weather windows is a short time period with flyable weather between long periods of not flyable weather. For a field party that was forced to stay in the tent for days due to the bad weather this window is the opportunity to escape from the field and get home, thus this is a typical source of incidents caused by hurried preparation. A few years ago a field party had to pack in hurry to reach a weather window and a fire extinguisher got somehow into an unlabeled bucket. After they landed and emptied the plane the bucket ended up in the waste incinerator container, where one of the operators dropped it into the fire. The extinguisher blew up and triggered a major incident alarm on the station. Fortunately nobody has injured.
The Brunt ice-shelf is a large glacier flowing off the Antarctic plateau into the sea. It is floating on the top of the water and moving away from the continent pushed by the upper part of the glacier fed by the heavy snowing at the coastal regions. As it moves North it slowly melts from its bottom and every now and then parts are breaking off it and drifting away as ice-bergs. This continuous movement creates crevasses in the ice-shelf from the width of a few centimeters up to multiple meters. Since many of these crevasses are covered by snow, they pose a significant danger to lone travelers, and even though there are ways to detect these crevasses using probes, ground penetrating radars, and satellite images, the best practice is still that multiple travelers connect to each other with rope, no matter if they are travelling on skis or ski-doos. Since there are no mountains at the Brunt ice-shelf, the rope technique training focused mainly on the glacier related skills. We learned how to connect to each other, stop the other’s fall, install anchors, abseil down and climb up on the rope and how to pull our mate out of a crevasse alone with a 5:1 pulley system. However there are multiple ways of doing these, BAS preferred to standerdise both the techniques and the equipment, so one can find the same kit at every stations, cabooses and field packs and able to use them immediately. This standard kit containing carabines, ice-screws, slings, pulleys, jumars, prusiks and a belay plate, is hanging on everyone’s harness who travel outside the station perimeter. In case of a ski-doo travel, the vehicles are connected to each other and the drivers are connected to their vehicles. Compared to what I learned before about these techniques I found the BAS standard a very simple a reliable way that can be quickly learned and applied by anyone. This is very important, because on a field work it is typically the field guide who walks in the front, so if someone falls it will be likely him/her, and will have to rely on his/her partner to hold them and pull them out if necessary.
Once a field party was travelling back to base and one of their ski-doos broke down, instead of waiting for the mechanic they decided to travel the rest of the distance together on the operating ski-doo. A couple of miles from the station they fell into a crevasse and both died. This very unfortunate event is an example of the getting-to-home syndrome, due to which they neglected the glacier travel rules. It also shows that crevasses can be dangerous even on the well known areas close to the stations.
Antarctica is a place larger than Australia with the population of a town, so one thing you definitely want to avoid is getting lost there. Moreover, navigation on the featureless Brunt ice-shelf can be extremely challenging. There are no roads, no electrical wires, no rivers, no forests, no hills or valleys, between the sea and the edge of the continent the area is really like a desert. If even the weather comes in with its typical white-out caused by fog or snow-blast, the navigation becomes almost impossible, you might just leave your tent to ease yourself and you might never find it again. Your footprints are covered by snow, you see less than a meter away and your voice is blown away by the wind, what would you do? To experience these difficulties we had to walk up and down on a field with a bucket on our head trying to find certain points. The experience was shocking, even walking straight for 10 meters was almost impossible without the visual confirmation. But there are some techniques that can help in these situations and we were practicing these afterwards. A compass makes a major difference in the accuracy of walking straight. I managed to approach a small pile of rocks in 50 meters distance by walking slowly and stopping regularly to correct my heading. It was a slow process, but I didn’t get lost. Cubic and spiral search can help a lot too if you get lost with no map or compass, both consist of a small number of straight steps and 90° turns to sweep the area around you, the only difference is that with the cubic search you always return to the starting point, while with the spiral search you are getting gradually away from it by widening the circle of search. One thing we couldn’t experience on the fields of Derbyshire was the panic. Getting lost is a terrible feeling and by the efforts to quickly get back on the route again most people act in hurry and without thinking. The best practice tells that in case you are lost, you have to stop, take some extra clothes on, rest, eat, drink and try to calm down, and only after all these should you start finding your way. Of course technology can aid the navigation a lot: the field parties are equipped with compass, maps and GPS, the frequently used routes are indicated by flag lines and the perimeter of station on indicated by containers, and even if you manage to get totally lost, you can still contact the others, as for advice or settle down, get protected from the wind and wait for the rescue team or until the weather gets better.
A field assistant told me that he had been camping in a blowing snow so strong that they had to belay each other when they went to ease themselves outside the tent, otherwise they wouldn’t have been able to find the way back.
Out of all the modern technologies used at the Antarctica the communication is the one that has reduced the risks the most significantly. Nobody is alone out there any more. The team members can continuously talk to each other on the VHF radios, the field parties regularly contact the stations by HF radio or call any number in the world using the iridium satellite-phone, and all stations have a direct line to Cambridge through the satellite link. We have been trained for using all these communication devices, which wasn’t that hard in fact. The VHF radios are simple walkie-talkies, you switch to channel 6, press the button and talk. The HF radio is a bit more complicated, because the frequency has to be selected manually and the antenna has to be adjusted accordingly, which requires a little playing with it, but in return it is very powerful and cheap communication, since the radio waves are reflected by the ionosphere it is not only possible to contact the base from hundreds of kilometers, but the signal can be sometimes picked up even on the northern hemisphere. The iridium phone is really just like an old mobile phone, you turn it on, wait for the signal and then dial the number, although both the price of the device and the call is many times the price of a mobile phone system. The satellite link between the stations and Cambridge is always alive so to call the office you only have to dial an extension and you can talk as you would do to the next room.
Actually, I always wanted an iridium phone for my mountaineering trips in case of emergency, but it was too expensive for me to buy one. In this respect I will be less cut from the world in an Antarctic field journey then between the Swiss Alps.
Search and rescue
If one of the above goes wrong that generally does not mean a huge trouble. If you fall into a crevasse, your mate will hold you and pull you out. If the carbon-monoxide accumulates in the tent the alarm sounds, you turn off the stove and generate some ventilation. If bad weather comes you stop, pitch your tent, sit and drink tea until it goes away. If you loose the path, you get your GPS, or map and compass and find your way back to it. In most cases a professional field guide is always with you if you are outside of the station perimeter, but even if not and you are in doubt, you can call the station any time and ask for advice. At least two or three things has to go wrong before you get into trouble and at least one of these is generally a poor decision you made. In this case, when you cannot resolve the situation yourself, you have to rely on the rest of the team. There is no mountain rescue team, no firefighters or police down there. It will be the station leader, the field guides, the chef, the doctor, the plumber, the electrician, the engineers or the vehicle mechanics who will go and help you out of the trouble. That is why we were all trained how to sweep areas in team in case the range of hearing and sight is limited. How to provide first aid and how to transport the injured person back to the station. This is a tricky thing though, because people tend to get into trouble in bad weather, and bad weather is not something that you want to go out and search for others. Also, sending out a rescue team means that there are then a dozen people walking outside in that bad weather, who has to look after themselves, each other and even search for the missing person. This is why the first thing someone in trouble should do is to find shelter and keep in touch with the base, because it can take a while to carry out the rescue.
A previous winterer told me that it happened to her that she walked along the flagline back to the station, but suddenly she couldn’t see the next flag from the blowing snow. The best she could do is to sit tight and contact the base. Fortunately, they quickly located her and they sent out a man on rope to get her back to the station. If she would attempted to find the next flag and got lost, it would have taken much more time to find her. | <urn:uuid:b8f3bb42-f2bf-4c3f-8ce7-0ff46952c2ad> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://gaborgereb.com/2016/09/22/antarctic-winterers-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141203418.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129214615-20201130004615-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.964669 | 3,758 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Conservation and management
What threatens “Adazi” nature values?
- The intensity of the military training in various parts of "Adazi” differs, therefore some heath areas overgrow with trees and bushes.
- A number of drainage ditches has been built in the territory’s bogs and their water level has dropped. As a result, bogs overgrow and rare plant species disappear.
- Ignoring the rules irresponsible visitors dump waste, steal timber and drive off-road in the forests and bogs of “Adazi”. This damages the nature values and destroys more vulnerable species and their habitats.
How “Adazi” nature values are preserved?
Bog restoration - 400 ha of bog has been restored in the drained Rampa and Dzerve bogs by removing trees and bushes and installing water level regulators.
Maintenance of open heath landscape - each year, an average of 200 hectares are managed by mowing of overgrown heath and cutting down new pine, birch and aspen trees. In smaller areas – about 50 ha per year – controlled burning of heath is being carried out under the supervision of the State Forest Service.
Conservation of “Adazi” nature values is implemented by the State Centre for Defence Military Objects and Procurement in cooperation with the National Armed Forces. In 2006-2009 funding of the nature management and restoration works was allocated from the European Union LIFE program. | <urn:uuid:8de2f1be-60f8-48a4-9a97-21a9c961aad7> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://mail.putniadazos.lv/en/conservation-and-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735885.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804220455-20200805010455-00590.warc.gz | en | 0.926134 | 303 | 3.203125 | 3 |
9th December 2023 – (Hong Kong) McDonald’s may satiate hunger with convenient, tasty meals, but the repercussions for our health are severe. From weight gain to diabetes, cardiovascular damage to cancer risks, a growing body of research reveals the extensive harms of regularly eating McDonald’s menu items. Even occasional indulgence in McDonald’s food negatively impacts our bodies in multiple ways due to the chain’s reliance on ingredients like sodium, sugar and saturated fat. This was spotlighted by a Utah woman who kept an unchanged McDonald’s hamburger and fries for over 20 years, illustrating the abnormal longevity of such artificially preserved food.
Within an hour of eating a McDonald’s meal, our bodies suffer significant effects. The high calorie and fat content lead to surging blood sugar levels as the carbohydrate-heavy meal is digested. A Big Mac alone delivers 540 calories and 25 grams of fat, accounting for almost half the recommended daily value. As blood sugar spikes, the pancreas secretes excess insulin to remove sugar from the bloodstream, leading to an energy crash which fuels cravings for more fast food.
McDonald’s food also tends to be loaded with sodium, with a Big Mac containing 75% of the daily recommended amount. Such high sodium intake causes water retention and strains the cardiovascular system. The saturated fats and cholesterol from McDonald’s burgers and nuggets also immediately raise the levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol in our blood, increasing risk of heart disease.
Additionally, additives like artificial flavours and preservatives trigger inflammation throughout the body within an hour of eating McDonald’s food. Inflammation is the precursor to a host of chronic diseases tied to fast food including heart disease, liver damage and diabetes. Right after a McDonald’s meal, inflammation flares up as the body reacts to foreign chemicals.
Within 20 minutes of eating at McDonald’s, ingredients like high fructose corn syrup artificially spike insulin levels, rapidly shuttling sugar into our cells. This leads to the infamous “sugar crash” that promotes cravings and overeating. The effect is similar to how bodies react to refined sugar.
By 40 minutes, high sodium concentrations in McDonald’s food lead to dehydration as the body’s water reserves are drawn to the stomach to aid digestion. Dehydration then causes further hunger pangs even after finishing the meal. Ironically, reaching for another McDonald’s meal only exacerbates the unhealthy cycle.
After one hour, the initial digestion process has extracted the maximum nutrition possible from the meal. But the lack of fibre and essential micronutrients in McDonald’s food provide little satiation. Our bodies are still nutritionally starved on a cellular level, compelling us to consume more in a futile attempt to satisfy nutritional needs. This is how fast food addiction and weight gain occur.
While the immediate impacts are alarming enough, regular consumption of McDonald’s meals over the years can utterly devastate our health. One of the most obvious effects is obesity resulting from excessive calorie intake. A McDonald’s meal often far exceeds the calories needed for one sitting, leading to rapid weight gain over time.
Obesity then opens the door to many other issues, including diabetes as the body becomes less responsive to insulin. Type 2 diabetes prevalence has rapidly increased in line with rising fast food consumption. McDonald’s high meat content and large fry portions also boost the risk for cardiovascular disease, while sky-high sodium is linked to high blood pressure and stroke.
Furthermore, without sufficient exercise, obesity can impact the respiratory system due to the pressure placed on lungs. Breathing difficulties and diminished lung capacity frequently result among obese populations. McDonald’s high-calorie meals directly contribute toward this danger if consumed regularly.
The digestive system also suffers from frequent McDonald’s meals. The chain’s food is extremely low in fibre yet laden with sugar and fat, slowing digestion. Constipation and erratic bowel movements commonly occur as a consequence of poor nutrition. Over many years, colon cancer risk also rises due to prolonged exposure to food additives and preservatives.
Additionally, the vitamin and mineral deficiencies induced by eating McDonald’s instead of more wholesome food can create deficiencies that undermine our neurological health. Key nutrients like B vitamins, iron, selenium and zinc are vital for proper nerve functioning and development. By depriving our brain cells of these nutrients, cognitive decline and mental health issues may manifest after years of frequent fast food meals.
Kidney function similarly declines with age when chronically exposed to dietary toxins via consumption of McDonald’s beef and fries. The chain’s food also harms liver function over time, as this organ strains to metabolize excessive fats and sodium. McDonald’s food forces our vital organs to work harder, wearing them down more rapidly.
Besides internal organ damage and disease, surface effects on the body also occur over years of consuming McDonald’s. Persistent acne, dull skin, and hair loss can result as the inflammatory nature of fast food manifests through the integumentary system. The chain’s food damages our outward appearance just as it throttles internal organs.
Clearly, the toxic toll inflicted by McDonald’s food is immense. But it took a woman’s bizarre experiment to truly demonstrate just how artificially preserved and chemically altered McDonald’s menu items are. In 1996, she purchased a McDonald’s hamburger and fries, then left the meal untouched in her closet for over 20 years.
Astonishingly, when she finally unearthed the two decade old meal in 2016, the burger and fries looked largely the same as the day they were bought without rot or mold. The fact that McDonald’s food could endure for years with no decomposition illustrates how far from fresh or natural it really is. Food that won’t biodegrade has been heavily chemically treated.
This enduring McDonald’s meal exemplified why fast food wreaks long-term harm within our bodies. Food is meant to be metabolized and pass through our systems within 48 hours at most. But McDonald’s hamburgers, nuggets and fries evidently remain intact for years, clogging up our stomachs and intestines. This places an abnormal preservative-laden burden on our digestive organs unlike that from organic foods.
The Utah woman’s promotional stunt for a local radio station unwittingly highlighted the health scourge posed by McDonald’s grub. The perfectly preserved burger and fries from the 1990s offered a warning that should make us reconsider McDonald’s food altogether.
While an occasional fast food indulgence may seem harmless, the sheer artificiality of McDonald’s products makes moderation difficult. Our bodies simply aren’t designed to handle food engineered to last for years without spoiling. The corporation prioritizes long shelf-life over nutrition. But the consequences are chronic diseases and inflated healthcare costs that society must bear.
Rather than risk our health for corporate profits, we must reassess the role of fast food in our diets. Home-cooked meals from fresh, local ingredients provide the nutrition our bodies require without health side effects. If we must satiate a fast food craving, at least opting for slightly healthier menu choices reduces impacts. Becoming educated about how McDonald’s food physically harms us is key to changing social norms around convenience food. Any profits McDonald’s loses from reduced patronage sends a strong message too.
But above all, we cannot forget the Utah woman’s ominous warning embodied by her decades-old McDonald’s meal. Grossly unnatural food that never decays has no place in our stomachs. Purchased in 1996, the uneaten hamburger and fries looked largely unchanged when unveiled in 2021, having never moulded or rotted. While not inherently unsafe, this remarkable durability questions the freshness and nutritional value of ingredients used. If fast food lacks the ability to biodegrade naturally, that suggests high levels of artificial preservatives incompatible with healthy digestion. This famous long-lasting McDonald’s meal spotlights the chain’s reliance on chemicals and sugars for an abnormally long shelf-life. Our bodies are not waste bins for preserving chemical-laden junk. We deserve better than the chronic diseases bred by McDonald’s frankenfood. | <urn:uuid:05da0fd5-842f-4d18-a71d-93d4a77d35fd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/the-body-under-siege-how-mcdonalds-food-wreaks-short-and-long-term-havoc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473690.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222030017-20240222060017-00350.warc.gz | en | 0.909134 | 1,707 | 3.234375 | 3 |
第 I 卷 （共 89 分） 第一部分：听力理解（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What did Lucy learn to play this summer? A. The guitar. B. Th
e piano. C. The violin.
2. What does the man think of Professor Black? A. Boring. 3. Where are the speakers? A. At a shoe shop. B. At a clothing store. C. At a hairdresser’s. B. Wonderful. C. Interesting.
4. How probably is the weather now? A. Fine. B. Rainy. C. Cloudy.
5. Who has found the change of prices? A. Morris and Jill. B. The woman. C. The man. 第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 听下面 4 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。 6. Where was the man born? A. In the US. B. In Argentina. C. In Korea. 7. What can we know about the man’s parents? A. They first met in Chili. B. They like to live abroad. C. They are working in Yale. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. How did the speaker contact the woman?
A. 9. How will their relationship develop? A. They will be husband and wife. B. They will have a fight and break up. C. They will keep in touch by email.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。高*考*资*源*网 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. American Education. B. Travel plans. C. Graduation plans.
11. What does the man say about private schools? A. They are expensive. B. They are traditional. C. The students there are serious. 12. What do we know about the man? A. He’s got a scholarship. B. He wants to be a teacher. C. He likes parties. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15 题。 13. How much does a man dressed in theme need to pay for the ticket? A. $10. 14. What will be available for free？ A. Water. B. Soft drinks. C. Drink container. B. $7. C. $5
15. What can we learn from the talk? A. Parents are not allowed to attend. B. The social event will begin at 7:30 p.m.. C. Students with good behavior are encouraged to attend. 第三节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 听下面一段独白，完成第 16 至 20 题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有 20 秒钟的时间阅读 ．． 试题，听完后你将有 60 秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。注意：每空仅填一词。 Course information Course name Length of course Next courses begin Class size Cost of course ___18___ School hours From 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. （Monday ~ Friday） From 9:00 a.m. to ___19___ （Saturdays）
English 6 or 9 ___16___ Next ___17___ About 15 students ￡12.99
Nearest ___20___ station
第二部分：知识运用 （共两节，共 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 21. While he was seeking for ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _____ discovery which completely changed _____ man’s understanding of colour. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; / D. /; the 22. — I’d like to book a room for tonight. — Sorry, sir, but we don’t have any room _____ at the moment. A. suitable B. useful C. comfortable D. available
23. His efforts to raise money for his program were _____ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in vain C. in effect D. in advance
24. _____ the doctors insisted on was that they _____ more respect and sense of security. A. That; must be given C. That; would be given B. What; should give D. What; should be given
25. — Is it convenient if I call you up at 9 tomorrow morning? — I am afraid not. I _____ a group of visiting teachers then. A. am meeting C. will be meeting B. will meet D. will have met
26. It is believed in some science fiction stories that the world may one day be _____ by artificial intelligence. A. broken in B. run over C. taken over D. filled in
27. The traffic is heavy right now. I _____ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need D. might
28. The lecture _____ next week aims mainly to clarify the new admissions policy. A. given B. to be given C. will be given D. is given 29. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where
30. News came from the school office ______ the school library would be open next week. A. that B. what C. which D. where
31. I would really appreciate it if you could keep me _____ of how the negotiation is going on. A. informed B. informing C. being informed D. to be informed
32. If people _____ the importance of living a low-carbon life earlier, there _____ so many environmental problems now. A. realized; wouldn't be C. had realized; wouldn't have been B. had realized; wouldn't be D. realized; wouldn't have been
33. We will show you around the city _____ you like. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever
34. Meeting my old classmates at the 66th anniversary celebration of our school was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what
35. Interest, as well as skills, ______ important when one looks for a job. A. is B. are C. has D. have
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，共 20 分） Mama’s voice floated through the apartment as she sang a Mexican folk song that I had heard all my life. “Hola,” she greeted me when she came out of the bedroom. “Please speak to me in ___36___,” I interrupted. She paid no attention and ___37___ speaking in Spanish. The words ___38___ me of my grandparents and birthday parties in Mexico, but I knew my mother’s life would be ___39___ if she learned to speak English. We had lived in the United States for three years, and she still had difficulty ___40___ to store owners and my teachers. I was determined that she should try. “Why won’t you speak English?” I ___41___. “Don’t you want to be ___42___ to talk to people here?” “Isabel,” she whispered. Mama always whispered when she was upset with me. “What?” I was not ___43___ with her, either. She ___44___ for the English words. “Come with me to the, uh — how do you say it? Meeting.” “What kind of meeting? Where is it?” I ___45___ her, but now she refused to answer. In ___46___, we drove across town to the college, where she pulled into a brightly lit parking lot. I was ___47___. I had expected a meeting at someone’s ___48___ — a garden club or a parents’ group. Then I ___49___ a sign on a door. My mother was ___50___ night classes to learn English! “I don’t understand. ___51___ you’re learning English, why won’t you speak English at home?” I asked. “You’ll learn faster if you ___52___ with me.” “I speak English here,” she said in her thick accent. She hesitated, putting the words together, and then went on, “I speak Spanish at home ___53___ you.” I ___54___ understood — she spoke Spanish at home so that I wouldn’t forget the words, songs, and ___55___ of Mexico. I said, “O. K., Mama, estabien.” 36. A. Spanish 37. A. remembered 38. A. reminded 39. A. brighter 40. A. explaining 41. A. repeated 42. A. kind 43. A. friendly 44. A. searched 45. A. begged 46. A. turn 47. A. shocked B. Indian B. considered B. informed B. fresher B. gesturing B. insisted B. able B. happy B. accounted B. examined B. action B. puzzled C. English C. avoided C. warned C. busier C. agreeing C. stated C. equal C. bothered C. called C. blamed C. silence C. frightened
D. Russian D. continued D. accused D. easier D. speaking D. requested D. worried D. annoyed D. cared D. questioned D. order D. embarrassed
48. A. college 49. A. spotted 50. A. grasping 51. A. If 52. A. train 53. A. to 54. A. suddenly 55. A. situations
B. house B. witnessed B. enjoying B. Once B. play B. with B. fortunately B. effect
C. office C. watched C. taking C. Because C. perform C. for C. easily C. memories
D. company D. scanned D. preparing D. Unless D. practice D. at D. partly D. language
第三部分：阅读理解（共 17 小题；每小题 2 分，共 34 分） A We have met the enemy and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections （感染） we think of as human infections started in other animals,” says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University. It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea, “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them.” says Isaksen. “Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing.” says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug （病毒） may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful. Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person. 56. We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may ____________. A. come from Columbia B. prevent us from being infected C. enjoy being with children D. suffer from monkey-pox 57. Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets? A. Because they attack human beings. B. Because we need to study native animals. C. Because they can’t live out of the rain forest. D. Because we do not know much about them yet. 58. What does the phrase “the wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. A new disease. C. A dangerous animal. B. A clear warning. D. A morning call.
Two years ago，Wendy Hasnip，47，experienced a brain injury that left her speechless for two weeks. When she finally recovered, she found herself talking with what seemed to be a French accent. “I phoned a friend the other day, and she spent the first ten minutes laughing,” Hasnip said at the time, “while I have nothing against the French.” Hasnip suffered from foreign accent syndrome（外国口音综合症）, a rare condition in which people find themselves speaking their own language like someone from a foreign country. The condition usually occurs in people who have experienced a head injury or a stroke —a sudden loss of consciousness， sensation， movement or caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel（血管）in the brain. The condition was first identified during the Second World War in a Norwegian woman whose head was injured during an attack by the German military. The woman recovered but was left with a German-sounding accent, to the horror of fellow villagers who avoided her after that. Researchers have discovered that the combined effect of the damage to several parts of the brain makes victims lengthen certain syllable， mispronounce sounds， change the normal pitch and （音高） their voice. Those of changes in speech add up to what sounds like a foreign accent. Another researcher，a phonetician（语言学者） ，says victims of the syndrome don't acquire a true foreign accent. Their strangely changed speech only resembles the foreign accent with which it has a few sounds in common. When an English woman named Annie recently developed foreign accent syndrome after a stroke, she spoke with what seemed to be a Scottish accent. However, Annie's Scottish coworkers said she didn't sound at all like a Scot. 59. According to the passage，people __________ may have foreign accent syndrome. A. whose parent has experienced a head injury B. who have lived in a foreign country for a long time C. who have lost their consciousness owing to a stroke D. who have learned foreign language from their coworkers 60. If a person suffers foreign accent syndrome, __________. A. his coworkers will be afraid of him and avoid contacting with him B. he has more chance of suffering stroke again C. he will speak a fluent foreign language like native speakers D. his speech only has a few sounds in common with the foreign accent 61. Writing this passage，the writer's main purpose is to __________ .
A. introduce foreign accent syndrome and some related information B. warn people not to be at the risk of experiencing a stroke C. make it clear that foreign accent syndrome can be cured D. tell a story of an injured woman during the Second World War
C I woke up one morning last week to read a story about an athlete who had seemed to have everything. US track star Marion Jones owned a trophy （奖杯） case filled with medals. She had worldwide fame. She held the high honor of being the first female track and field athlete to win five medals at an Olympics — the 2000 Sydney Games. But last Friday, the 31-year-old track star tearfully confessed that she had lied to fans, sports official and US federal agents about taking steroids. The five Olympic medals in her trophy case? Gone. Meaningless. The worldwide fame? Exchanged for infamy. The honor of being the first female track and field athlete to win five medals at an Olympics? Forgotten, wiped off the record books. “It is with a great amount of shame that I stand before you and tell you that I have betrayed your trust.” Jones confessed. She’d posed for pictures with fans. She’d attended parties and talked about her accomplishments. But for years she’d slept —- or tried to sleep — knowing that much of what she had done was built on a lie. Now, finally, she’d decided to tell the truth. “If she had trusted her own natural gifts and allied them to self-sacrifice and hard work, I sincerely believe that she could have been an honest champion at the Sydney Games.” IAAF President Lamine Diack said over the weekend. “Instead, Mario Jones will be remembered as one of the biggest frauds in sporting history.” Sadly, she won’t be the last. There are still others lurking（潜伏） behind their trophies. They too appear to have everything. They’re superstars, the envy of every young person who has played a sport. But for how long? And at what cost? Every time they look at their trophies and medals they remember that the awards really belong to someone else. 62. The main character in this passage is__________. A. the writer himself C. IAAF president 63. It is still a worry that __________. A. Marion Jones has cheated the public so long B. Marion Jones may be remembered as a fraud in sporting history C. IAAF president will not forgive Marion Jones D. cheating is still widely existing in sports competition 64. The writer values __________ most in this passage. A. Marion Jones’ deciding to tell the truth B. the honesty and hard work in sports competition
B. Marion Jones D. US federal agents
C. trophies, medals and champions D. the spirit of Olympic Games
D “A good parent” can be a confusing phrase. It is almost impossible for one person to be “a good parent” at all stages of a child’s life. Some parents are at their best before their children begin to speak. Others are most successful before their children enter elementary school. Still others make their finest contribution to older children or teenagers. Every parent can understand one stage of a child’s development better than another. It is hard for a person to possess superior capacities throughout the entire period of a child’s growth. A mother might be “a good parent” from her baby’s birth until it is three; that is the period when it needs her protection and loving care. Then the start of her child’s independence might upset and alarm her, and she might then become less helpful for a few years. A father might be awkward and uncomfortable with a younger child, but could turn into an excellent parent when the child is old enough to be taught the skills of cycling, fishing and so on, or to be taken on trips. Some parents feel easier with boys, and others with girls — and then only at certain ages or stages. It is important for parents to understand and accept their own limitations in these matters, just as they must accept the child’s faults of personality and limitations of talent. Otherwise, fathers and mothers will feel guilty and blame themselves for weaknesses that may not be their faults. Much of the guilt experienced by modern parents comes from the mistaken feeling that they ought to be all things at all times to the child, which is clearly mistaken. In past ages, grandparents and uncles and aunts lived with the family, and provided different kinds of support; in our present “nuclear” family, too many roles are demanded of the two parents, which they cannot possibly fulfill. 65. Confusion arises about what it means to be “a good parent” because __________. A. it is normal to be a successful parent during most stages of a child’s development B. most parents are only good at helping older children or teenagers C. parents are usually at their best before their children go to school D. parents do not realize they cannot perform equally well through a child’s growth 66. Parents would feel guilty if __________. A. their children can’t accept their own limitations of talent B. they realize their weaknesses in raising children C. their grandfathers and uncles and aunts don’t live with them D. they don’t know their limitations in raising children 67. Parents of “nuclear” families sometimes feel at a loss because __________. A. they believe that such a family prevents the healthy growth of a child’s personality and talent B. they dislike the support that other family members give to their children C. they do not always have the help of other family members in child-raising D. they no longer regard grandparents, uncles and aunts as good educators of their children
Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit —- and that can be a very annoying thing. ______68______ Read on for some techniques worth trying. 1. ______69______ People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease （老年性痴呆症）, according to a recent study. ______70______ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2. Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose（葡萄糖）levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. ______71______ 3. Learn something new. Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. your friends. A. Focus on the future. B. This can be especially harmful to the aged. C. It should be something like learning gardening. D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E. But don’t worry if our schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 第 II 卷 （共 31 分） 一、单词拼写（共 10 小题; 每小题 0.5 分，共 5 分） 1. How could you t________________ his rude behavior for such a long time? 2. S________________ by trees, the lake looks beautiful and peaceful. 3. He would like to buy some local s________________ wherever he travels. 4. Yesterday a famous professor made a speech, strongly o________________ further research into gene-therapy. 5. After hard training, their performance in track and field was greatly e_________________. 6. Jim went to put up the tent. ________________（同时） Peter started to prepare supper. 7. The latest ________________（统计） prove that the epidemic has been under control. 8. This is the ________________（原始的） photo without being edited.
______72______ Or you can just go dancing with
9. Lack of communication may cause serious ________________（冲突） between bosses and employees. 10. I am in a ________________（进退两难的境地） over whether to tell him the truth or not.
二、完成句子（共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，共 6 分） 1. 我们必须牢记：在英语方面取得成功就意味着课外投入额外的工作。 We need to ________ ________ ________ that to get ahead with English means putting in extra work outside of the classroom. 2. 你意识到噪音污染给我们的健康和环境带来的负面影响了吗？ _______ you _______ environment? 3. 在实验室里做实验的时候，请遵守老师发出的指令。 Please follow the _______ _______ by your teacher while doing experiments in the lab. 4. 他是演艺界冉冉升起一颗的新星。对他而言，前途无量，没有界限。 He is a rising star in acting. For him, the sky is ________ ________ the limit. 5. 如果上周他没有被抓住作弊的话，他就通过考试了。 He would have passed the exam if he _______ not _______ _______ _______ last week. 6. 在 2008 年四川省的汶川地震中有 8 万多人丧生，这一点至今仍然对我们有警示作用。 Over 80 thousand people _______ _______ to the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008, which is still alarming to us. 三、短文填空（共 10 空；每空 0.5 分，共 5 分） From mountains to oceans to deserts, Earth is filled with awesome beauty. A____1____ we suffer from typhoons or earthquakes sometimes, we humans have a pretty fantastic home. It’s hard to i____2_____ anyone wanting to leave. Still, some scientists think that l_____3_____ Earth is a necessary part of humanity’s future. Stephen Hawking, a well-respected p______4______, once said he didn’t believe mankind would be able to s_____5_____ the next thousand years if it didn’t spread into space. “There are too many accidents that can take people’s lives on a single planet.” Hawking said. “But I’m an optimist. We will reach out to the stars.” In the past few d_____6______, humans have taken important steps toward conquering space. Astronauts have walked on the moon, and space t_____7_____ have caught wonderful images of distant galaxies. The International Space S ______8______ has even given astronauts the opportunity to stay in space for months. But there is a big d_____9_____ between staying in space for a short time and living there p _____10_______. 四、书面表达 （15 分） 目前， 很多中学生利用业余时间上补习班。 昨天， 你班同学就这一现象进行了讨论。 请你以 Are Tuition Classes Necessary ?为题，写一篇短文，客观地反映表格中的讨论结果，并表明你自己的观点。
_______ the negative effects that noise pollution has on our health and our
40%的学生赞同 1. 有老师辅导比自己学好
60%的学生不赞同 1. 容易养成依赖习惯， 缺乏独立思考 2. 学生需要时间休息和娱乐 3. 导致有的学生在常规课堂上不认 真听讲
2. 有更多机会和老师互动 3. 可以弥补上课错过或没听懂 的东西
注意：1.要包含所有的要点，但不要逐条翻译； 2.词数约 120。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Yesterday we had a heated discussion about ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
中国人民大学附属中学高二英语 质量检测卷(试卷七) 试题答案
第Ⅰ卷 （共 89 分） 第一部分 听力理解 （共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 第一节（共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B
第二节（共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C
第三节（共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分，共 5 分） ★每小题超过一个词不计分；★拼写错误不计分；★大小写、单复数错误扣 0.5 分。 16. months 17.Monday 18. book 19. 1:00 pm 20.subway
第二部分：知识运用 （共两节，共 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 21. C 28. B 35. A 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 36 — 40 CDADD 41 — 45 BBBAD 46 — 50 CBBAC 51 — 55 ADCAC 22. D 29. D 23. B 30. A 24. D 31. A 25. C 32. B 26. C 33. C 27. D 34. B
第三部分：阅读理解（共 17 小题；每小题 2 分，共 34 分） A 篇 56—58 DDB B 篇 59—61 CDA E 篇 68—72 FAEGC C 篇 62—64 BDB
D 篇 65—67 DBC
第Ⅱ卷（共 31 分） 一、单词拼写（共 10 小题，每小题 0.5 分，共 5 分） 1. tolerate 5. enhanced 9. conflicts 2. Surrounded 6. Meanwhile 10. dilemma 3. souvenirs 7. statistics 4. opposing 8. original
二、完成句子（共 6 小题，每小题 1 分，共 6 分） 1. keep in mind 4. no longer 2. Are, aware of 5. had, been caught cheating 3. instructions given 6. were lost
三、短文填空（共 10 空，每空 0.5 分，共 5 分） 1. Although 6. decades 2. imagine 7. telescopes 3. leaving 8. Station 4. professor /physicist 9. difference 5. survive 10. permanently
四、书面表达 （15 分） One possible version: Are Tuition Classes Necessary？ Yesterday we had a heated discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to attend tuition classes. Opinions are divided about it. 40 percent of the students approve of it. Firstly, it’s more effective to study with a teacher’s help than by themselves. Secondly, you can have more chances to communicate with teachers. What this means is that there are more interaction between students and teachers. Besides, you can make up for what you miss or fail to understand in classes on weekdays. The rest of the students hold the opposite opinion. For one thing, students can easily form the bad habit of dependence and by and by, they will not think actively on their own. For another, students need time for rest and recreation at the weekend. What’s worse, attending tuition classes even causes some students not to listen attentively in their regular classes. In my opinion, whether a tuition class is needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or interested in a certain subject, maybe it’s OK for you. But be sure to choose a good and suitable class, otherwise it would be a waste of time and money. 书面表达评分参考： 1. 第一档： （15~13 分） （很好） 完全完成试题规定的任务。运用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇，语法或用词方面有个别错误，但为尽可 能表达丰富的内容所致；体现了较强的语言运用能力。全文结构紧凑，逻辑清楚、合理。 2. 第二档： （12~11 分） （好） 完成试题规定的任务，运用的句式和词汇能满足任务要求，语法和用词基本准确，少许错误主要为尽 可能表达丰富的内容所致。使用了简单的语句间连接成分，内容连贯，逻辑清楚、合理。 3. 第三档： （10~9 分） （及格） 基本完成试题规定的任务。运用的句式和词汇基本满足任务要求，语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不 影响理解。内容基本连贯，逻辑清楚、合理。 4. 第四档： （8~4 分） （较差） 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。 所用句式和词汇有限， 语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 5. 第五档： （3~1 分） （差） 未完成试题规定的任务。句式单调，词汇贫乏，语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的
理解。信息未能传达给读者。 6. 0 分 未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。 7. 书写或标点符号不规范在 4 处以上（含 4 处） ，或字迹潦草，在得分中再扣除 1 分（第四、五档文不 扣此项分数） 。重复错误只扣一次分数。
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Q) What are the strengths and weakness of Kotters 8-stage model, Lewins Planned Change Model, and the Positivist Model? “Change management is a planned process for changing a core function or organization of an enterprise. Interestingly, the process of developing taxonomy can result in the need for change. See Quality Assurance” (www.twason.com/glossary.html)
Change management is important in every project and this change management will help the project to be successful in any business or organization. There are three models which help change management to be successful in an organization or business and further help them to handle them carefully.
The three models which explain about the change in an organization are:
Kotter’s 8-stage model.
There three steps of change management in the Lewin’s model.
Unfreezing is a starting process in an organization in which we determine the need of the change, understand and explain why the change is going on and communicate the vision in order to handle change in an organization. In this starting stage of change, the organization should explain the employees why the change is taking place. When this process starts there may be a crisis in the company and the company should balance everything and it is difficult to maintain it among the employees.
The second stage is Change and this is a process in which the employee tries to look forward for new ways to do their work and try to accept the new change. This entire change cannot be done overnight and this is a long process.
The third stage is Refreeze which helps to re-shape the organization and employees and also find new ways to work in the organization and it also help the organization to gain a change in every- day business life. There should be benefits to the employees who are trying to find new ways to work and the feedback should be taken from the employees regarding the change in the company.
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Strengths and Weaknesses of lewin’s model are.
The main strength of the lewin’s model can be specified as easiest and simplest model to implement in any organization. It also helps employees to face new problems and to overcome those. When the change is taken place, the communication between every individual will increase and they work in teams in order to overcome the problems.
The weaknesses of this model lead to the crisis in the company and the entire change cannot be done overnight and there may be lot of confusion in the employees and they need to find new ways to do their work. The weaknesses of this model are not in detail.
Kotter’s 8- stage model
The 8- stages of kotter’s model are
Form a powerful coalition.
Create a vision for change.
Communicate the vision.
Create short-term wins.
Building on the change.
Anchor the changes in corporate culture.
These are 8-stages of kotter’s stage model.
The first stage of kotter’s helps the organization to find out the changes to be taken place in the organization and helps to find the threats and defaults in the company and also rectify them and this stage shows the opportunities to overcome these. Finally this stage helps the organization in becoming strong.
In the second stage, form a powerful coalition which helps to build teams or groups to lead the changes in the organization and also helps to encourage the teams.
The third stage creates a vision of change. That is to “Create a vision to help direct the change effort” (MINDTOOLS, 2006). This also helps to develop the strategies for achieving the goals.
The fourth stage is communicating the vision. This stage shows how to communicate the new strategies and new ways to every individual in the organization.
The fifth stage is removing obstacles. This stage shows how to remove the obstacles when changes take place and helps to Change systems or structures that seriously undermine the vision. (MINDTOOLS, 2006).
The sixth stage shows the Plan for visible performance improvements and creates those improvements (MINDTOOLS, 2006). There should be rewards and benefits to the employees who perform well in the organization.
The seventh stage is same as the “Change” in lewin’s model.
The eighth stage is same as the “Refreezing” in the lewin’s model.
Strengths and weaknesses of the kotter’s 8-stages are
The strengths of the kotter’s 8-stage is model is very simplistic and easy to understand rather than lewin’s model.
The strength of this model is, it can easily identify the problem and it also helps to clear the problem in very short period.
This can be successful when all the employees are communicated well in all the stages.
The major weakness of this model is that it may lead to wrong assumptions.
Another weakness of this model is, the model itself. This model is not flexible once this model starts it’s process than it is difficult to change its way.
This model is difficult to communicate to the employees and which may lead to frustration among the employees to find the new ways to handle the change occurring in the organization.
Change models are not only having high success in implementing but also have the failures equally. They also have the negativism in planning their organizational change. The positive model helps to criticize the negativism in the organizational planning. This positive model also guides the organization whether it is going in a right way or not and helps the organization to develop.
There are 5 stages in this positive model. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Initiate the inquiry: In this phase the organization team finds out the issue which is going to be change in the organization. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Inquire the best practices: In this phase the organization team gathers the information about which is the best policy to implement the change. The organization team members collect the information from every individual of the organization and choose the best one to do. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Discover the themes: In this phase they gather information and stories from each and every employee about their experience this is done by interviews and meetings. This kind of information helps the organization to overcome all the obstacles. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Envision a preferred future: In this phase the gathered information from the employees is taken into consideration and then the organization support these ideas into the program. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Design and deliver to create the future: In this phase, the design and deliver for the future is processed. In this phase, slight changes can be made in order to achieve the goals of the organization. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009)
Strengths and weaknesses of the positive model:
The strength of this model is, it helps to find out the negativism in the organization when the change is taken place.
The employee satisfaction is taken as a main theme in this model.
This model is flexible and slight changes can be done during this process.
The weakness of this model is that it will not create urgency in the change process.
There may be conflicts between the employees in decision making.
There is no specialty in this model. It is same as the remaining models.
I finally conclude that all the models have their own strengths and weaknesses. The lewin’s model is the easiest model but it is not explained in detail and it is complicated. Positive model is same as the remaining models and it is slightly different when compared to remaining models.
I strongly recommend that kotter’s 8-stage model is the best model among all the change models as it is explained in detail and it is flexible in changing process and the communication between the employees when compared with the other models. So I finally conclude that, though all are the best models according to my research, but I strongly say that kotter’s 8-stage model is the best model.
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Realizing Your True Nature | Dharma WisdomInteresting analysis of human nature including discussion on the mind, body, and spirit.
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What is Philosophy? - General - The Basics of PhilosophyAn introduction to Theory of Knowledge and the Philosophy of Mind (review) A. R. Louch Journal of the History of Philosophy, Volume 6.At its simplest,. the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, knowledge and goodness,. mind, matter, reason,.Knowledge. of Language as a Focus of Inquiry. This study has frequently been understood as an inquiry into the nature of mind and thought.Meditation II. I. his existence (PM. is that his knowledge of the mind is more certain than his knowledge of other. it includes nothing of the nature of a mind.
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Epistemology in Islamic philosophyMIND - HOW THE MIND WORKS (Your first-ever Business e-Coach): Research on brain theory helps you understand why some people are excellent inventors but poor producers.Amazon.com: Knowledge, Mind, and Nature (9780917930270): Bruce Aune: Books.
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Descartes vs Hume Essay. and what thought is, seems to derive simply from my own nature. Is there certainty in knowledge. | <urn:uuid:76c9623b-d264-480d-a401-ec9afaa21b90> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://freewebsitedirectory.tk/zynu/knowledge-mind-and-nature-67.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886860.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117082758-20180117102758-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.894681 | 703 | 2.671875 | 3 |
If you could improve a poor, undernourished child’s language and motor skills, his behavior, and even his IQ just by giving him an inexpensive nutritional supplement, would you do it?
Of course—anyone would. That’s what doctors thought they were doing in 2002 when they enrolled thousands of African babies and toddlers in a study to receive some combination of iron, folic acid, and zinc. But 19 months later, an oversight board shut down the study when it found that the children who received iron were 15 percent more likely to have died during the study. No one knows for sure what killed them.
Throughout the developing world, at least 30 percent of preschool-aged children and pregnant women are iron-deficient, says Carla Cerami, a malariologist in the UNC Gillings School of Public Health. In some places, the number is much higher.
“We know all the downsides of not treating iron deficiency,” she says. “Developmental delays, learning delays, and all sorts of behavioral issues.” But today, because of the study cut short in 2003, the World Health Organization does not recommend iron supplementation in malaria-endemic areas. “It ended a lot of public-health programs,” Cerami says.
Increase your odds of dying sometime soon, or live with iron-deficiency anemia—that’s not a great set of options, especially for a child’s developing brain. That’s why Cerami and her lab are trying to solve the mystery of why iron supplementation seems to hurt rather than help in parts of the developing world.
Here in the United States, taking iron is safe, Cerami says (unless you have too much of it in your blood to begin with). Doctors recommend that pregnant women, for example, take extra iron. But in parts of the world that are rife with infectious disease and nutrition deficiencies, the picture changes.
“The growth of many bacteria depends on iron,” Cerami says. “It’s at the epicenter of a battle for resources between the host and the pathogen.” All living things need iron to grow. This means that being in short supply of iron might actually protect you from many potentially deadly bugs.
In the 2002 study, Cerami says, scientists suspected malaria was the culprit because the disease is endemic in the part of Africa where the study took place. In a similar study of nutrition supplements in Nepal, where there isn’t as much malaria, iron supplements did not increase deaths. Worldwide, malaria causes about 600,000 deaths a year, more than three-fourths of them children under age five, according to the World Health Organization.
“Maybe it was malaria,” Cerami says. “Maybe it was bacterial. Maybe it was something else.” Cerami, whose interest in malaria goes back to her grad school years, decided to find out for sure whether iron supplementation raises the risk of contracting malaria.
To begin figuring out the mystery, she started here, at UNC Hospitals. When patients turned up with iron-deficiency anemia, Cerami got samples of their blood—and then more samples later as the patients took iron supplements and recovered. Led by grad student Martha Clark, the lab cultured the patients’ red blood cells with Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria, mimicking the process by which malaria infects the body.
Senior biology major Marwa Elnagheeb did hours of painstaking microscopy for the project. “Malaria infects liver cells first,” she says. “Once the liver cells rupture, it enters red blood cells. The time the parasite spends in the red blood cells—that’s what causes the symptoms of malaria, the lethargy, fever, and chills.” The lab tracked these phases of infection by dyeing Plasmodium bright green, so the bug was visible inside the cells.
That study led them to a hypothesis: that the risk of malaria is highest when people are in recovery from iron-deficiency anemia. That is, you’re less vulnerable when you’re anemic, a bit more vulnerable when you’re not anemic, and most vulnerable when you’re in between. The group, led by grad student Morgan Goheen, is now heading to Africa to test this idea in one of the places where malaria and iron deficiency are most prevalent.
In The Gambia, where Cerami has been going to get read for the study, lots of factors complicate the picture of iron deficiency and malaria. Other infections, such as tuberculosis. Intestinal parasites. Sickle-cell anemia. Folate deficiency, riboflavin deficiency—a whole host of deficiencies.
The medical issues may be different in The Gambia, but in many ways, Cerami says, the area reminds her of parts of North Carolina. Rural, agricultural—and hot. Yes, she says, The Gambia is just as humid as North Carolina, and the heat lasts for longer. “It’s not always like North Carolina in August there,” she says, “but it’s like that for maybe half the year.”
They’ll do their research at a well-established facility owned by the Medical Research Council (the United Kingdom’s equivalent of the National Institutes of Health). Cerami will spend about a third of her time there over the next year and a half—when she’s not there, Goheen or another member of the lab will be. Working in the Gambian lab isn’t much different from the lab back home, Cerami says—only you have to drive about an hour and a half off of paved roads to get there.
In the neighboring village, Keneva, there’s no running water or electricity in the houses, although the Medical Research Council is putting in community water stations. “You know what they really need?” Cerami asks. “Books.” The primary school has only about half a dozen books, and many more students.
Some of those students will have younger siblings in the study: about 400 children under age five and about 400 pregnant women will enroll. Half will receive iron supplements. All the women and children in the study will be seen once a week by a field worker for the study. They’ll get screened for malaria, Cerami explains. The disease is common in the rainy season there, but it will be diagnosed and treated quickly.
The goal of the study isn’t to study people who have malaria. Like in the study back home, Cerami’s lab will take red blood cells from women and children before, during, and after their treatment for iron deficiency—not when they have malaria. Led by Goheen, the lab will culture the sample cells with Plasmodium and watch what happens as the parasite tries to infect the cells and replicate. If they find that cells are most vulnerable as they’re becoming freshly stocked with iron, that will be strong reason to think that malaria was what killed children in the 2002 study of iron supplements.
“After this, the next study would be to give iron supplements and also drugs to prevent malaria,” Cerami says. “Our end goal is to find a way to make it safe to give out iron supplements.”
The total number of deaths from malaria is declining each year, after reaching a peak of about 1.8 million in 2004, according to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The most recent figure—about 600,000 deaths each year—is still depressingly high. In the United States, the number of cases is actually on the rise as international travel increases. The Centers for Disease Control says that almost 2,000 people here now contract malaria each year. Deaths from malaria, although rare in the United States, happen occasionally when the disease goes undiagnosed.
“Progress has been made in fighting malaria, but it’s still a huge problem,” Cerami says. “I think of it like fighting obesity in the United States. Have we made progress on that?” In the areas with the most malaria, more people are getting treatment with anti-malarial drugs—but Plasmodium is evolving to resist the drugs, while the mosquitoes that transmit the parasite are also evolving resistance to insecticides.
But Cerami is heartened by the progress made since she was a grad student doing malaria research in the 90s. “Malaria was a neglected disease,” she says. “It was hard to get funding.” After that, she worked in the biotech industry doing drug development in a totally different area—therapies for brain injuries. Ten years in, as the Gates Foundation and others started to support malaria research, Cerami decided that her skills would be best put to use by going back to malaria.
“I decided you only go around once,” she says, “and you might as well do what you feel is most valuable—what you most believe in.” | <urn:uuid:a473b570-f308-4f97-9395-9700042a9bf0> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://endeavors.unc.edu/safer_supplements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315750.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821022901-20190821044901-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.965645 | 1,909 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Curious About Life: Interview with Darby Dyar
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has 10 science instruments, and each will be used in the coming weeks and months to help characterize the environment of Mars and determine if the planet ever had the potential for life.
The Chemistry & Camera (ChemCam) will study Martian rocks and soil in depth. A laser will target selected rocks, creating an ionized, glowing plasma that will be used to analyze their composition. The instrument’s camera will resolve features 5 to 10 times more in-depth than previous rovers. Darby Dyar, of Mount Holyoke College, is one of the scientists using ChemCam to search Martian minerals for hydrogen and water.
What kind of science do you do, generally?
I started out as a field geologist, and now I’m a geochemist. I’m interested in how hydrogen and oxygen evolve on terrestrial planets. I’ve worked on everything from lunar samples to precious gemstones to the geology of the state of Maine to volcanoes in Nevada. All of them share this thread of trying to understand how hydrogen, in particular, and oxygen are distributed between minerals in places in our solar system. I try to determine things like what controlled how much hydrogen ended up in which bodies in the beginning, and then what controlled how hydrogen and oxygen are recycled over geologic time, including by organisms. One of my most exciting projects right now is bio-reduction of iron in minerals by extremophile microbes from the mid-ocean ridges.
For example, some people might tell you that the Moon started out completely dry, and that the only hydrogen on the surface of the Moon has been brought there by comets. Other people might say that the Moon was made of stuff that had hydrogen in it initially, and that the Moon is just continuously losing that hydrogen to outer space, which is why the surface is fairly dry now but only has a trace of hydrogen left.
So there are lots of problems in planetary science that ask the question, is the water endogenous or indigenous? In other words, did it come from somewhere else, or did it come from the interior of the planet? Some people even think that’s true of the Earth, that all of the water that’s here was brought by comets. I think that’s highly unlikely.
I wouldn’t call myself a Mars specialist, but I’m a specialist in thinking about how hydrogen evolved on planets. That’s pretty important for MSL, because it’s important to not just have people who know Mars inside out, but people who can relate the Mars results to other planets, especially Earth.
What it is specifically that you do with MSL?
I’m interested in the geological implications of all of the instruments on MSL, because many of them bear on the question of how is hydrogen distributed, both inside and outside of Mars—in the rock, on the surface, and then in the atmosphere. Many of the instruments in the payload address that question in different ways. My particular expertise as an instrumentation person is in working with the ChemCam instrument. I have a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer in my lab here at Mount Holyoke and we are actively running samples under Mars conditions.
We have a giant, stainless steel vacuum cube with a couple of windows on it. We put samples, a bunch of rocks, inside the chamber on a little merry-go-round, and we pump all the air out of the chamber. Then we put a little bit of carbon dioxide gas in it so that it’s the same pressure as the surface of Mars. We shoot a laser through the window at the rock and generate plasma just the way ChemCam does, and then take a spectrum of the plasma and try to understand the chemistry of the rock based on the spectroscopic signature of that little plasma.
ChemCam has a calibration target on it with nine rock standards and one titanium standard, and we have samples of those in my lab. We can shoot them in my lab, and then compare the results with the results on Mars. Understanding that then allows us to use other data from other rocks that we’ve acquired in my lab to draw conclusions about things that are happening on Mars. So we use the calibration samples as a sort of Rosetta stone to let us go back and forth between lab data and Mars data.
How does your work help us to answer astrobiology questions?
On Earth, life began in the ocean. Our Earth-centric perspective is that, if life began in other places similarly to the way it began here, then we need to look for places where there was standing liquid water. Understanding the history of water on Mars is really the next closest question to understanding where did life evolve on Mars. Of course, that’s what NASA has had as its hallmark for many of these Mars missions, the whole question of follow the water, because follow the water means go to the place where life could have formed.
It’s not simply a matter of looking for puddles or ripple marks. It’s also a question of looking for minerals that form in the presence of water or as signatures of biological activity and the environments in which they form. If life was present on Mars billions of years ago, those signatures are likely to be preserved as hydrous minerals, or minerals with water in their structures, distributed among different habitats.
As astrobiologists, we seek to tease out the interrelationships among varying environmental conditions, the associated microbial phenomena, and the resultant biomarkers. I think answers to important astrobiology questions will come only when we combine the best observations of Martian habitats, careful studies of biomarkers in analogous terrestrial habitats, and clever application of state of the art instrumentation. | <urn:uuid:d799b872-c055-48dc-91ef-26168618ad6e> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.astrobio.net/interview/curious-about-life-interview-with-darby-dyar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928102.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00017-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953582 | 1,201 | 3.3125 | 3 |
As a truly global organization, with National Societies in 186 countries and more than 97 million volunteers locally, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is very often the first to respond to any disaster, from the small to the large-scale. At any level of response, whether it is local, national or international, the effective coordination of available human, financial and in-kind resources is crucial both for the beneficiaries and for the donors.
One of the primary roles of any Red Cross or Red Crescent National Society, as auxiliary to the authorities, is to provide first-line disaster response services. National Societies have a role (often legally defined) assigned by their governments in disaster response, which varies from country to country. It may involve search and rescue operations, evacuating the injured or people endangered by the disaster, managing shelters, restoring family links, running ambulance services or retrieving and evacuating dead bodies. In most National Societies, volunteers are trained in first aid, so that they can bring life-saving assistance to people injured in a disaster. They are also trained to assess damage and the emergency needs of the population, to identify those in need of assistance and to organize relief distributions. They may also provide health care and psychological support.
In about 80 percent of cases, National Societies respond to a disaster at the local or national level, without the need for regional or international support. However, whatever the size and level, the National Societies’ response is governed by the same principles and policies.
Internationally, National Societies, each within the limits of its resources give assistance for victims of natural disasters and other emergencies. Such assistance, in the form of services and personnel, of material, financial and moral support is given through the National Society of the country concerned by the disaster and the International Federation.
At community level, groups of volunteers are trained to work together in Community Disaster Response Teams bringing assistance to people in their communities affected by disasters.
National Disaster Response Teams are made up of National Society staff and volunteers, often from different branches or chapters, trained and working alongside Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers at community level to bring assistance to people affected by disaster. They are made up of generalists and specialists in health, logistics, relief or water and sanitation. They can be mobilized at short notice and are trained to work as a team and support the local Red Cross or Red Crescent branch or chapter in its response to the disaster.
Find out more | <urn:uuid:7f741f6a-7e2c-45e3-84ed-a3f269ac34b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/responding/disaster-response-system/dr-tools-and-systems/red-cross-red-crescent-national-societies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049272349.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002112-00082-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95146 | 496 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Uneven muscle tension results in the distortion of one or several of the small toes. (hammertoe
points develop at the raised middle joint as well as at the tip of the toe and underneath the metatarsal head. In the beginning, when the misalignment can still be corrected, it often suffices to
lengthen the tendon and to cut a notch into the capsule. In a contracted misalignment, part of the middle joint is removed to form a replacement joint. Modern surgical techniques preserve the
metatarsophalangeal joint (Weil or Helal osteotomies).
The main cause of hammer toe is poorly fitted and/or poorly designed footwear. Any footwear that is too tight in the toe box, especially high-heeled shoes, can push the toes forward, crowding one or
more of them into a space that is not large enough to allow the toes to lie flat and spread as they should. Other causes include the following. Changes in foot anatomy. Sometimes the metatarsal bones
in the ball of the foot can ?drop,? creating a situation in which the toes do not make contact with hammertoe
the surface of
the shoe. The toes may then contract at one or both of the joints to re-establish contact with the surface. Traumatic injuries in which toes are jammed or broken. Diabetic neuropathy. This can cause
abnormal foot biomechanics due to nerve and/or muscle damage. Damage to nerves and muscles from other conditions, such as arthritis or stroke. Heredity.
Common symptoms of hammertoes include pain or irritation of the affected toe when wearing shoes. corns and calluses (a buildup of skin) on the toe, between two toes, or on the ball of the foot. Corns
are caused by constant friction against the shoe. They may be soft or hard, depending upon their location. Inflammation, redness, or a burning sensation. Contracture of the toe. In more severe cases
of hammertoe, open sores may form.
Your healthcare provider will examine your foot, checking for redness, swelling, corns, and calluses. Your provider will also measure the flexibility of your toes and test how much feeling you have
in your toes. You may have blood tests to check for arthritis, diabetes, and infection.
Non Surgical Treatment
In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases
podiatric surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity. The patient's doctor may also prescribe some toe exercises that can be done at home to stretch and strengthen the muscles. For example,
the individual can gently stretch the toes manually, or use the toes to pick things up off the floor. While watching television or reading, one can put a towel flat under the feet and use the toes to
crumple it. The doctor can also prescribe a brace that pushes down on the toes to force them to stretch out their muscles.
Toes can be surgically realigned and made straight again. They can even be made shorter. The good news is that toes can be corrected. Hammer toe surgery is often synonymous with ?toe shortening?,
?toe job? and/or ?toe augmentation?. Depending on the severity and length of the toe, there are several methods to surgically correct a hammer toe. In general, the surgery involves removing a portion
of the bone at the contracted joint, to realign the toe.
These tips may help you buy the right shoes. Buy shoes at the end of the day. Your feet are smaller in the morning and swell throughout the day. Don't assume your shoe size hasn't changed. As you
age, your shoe size may change, especially the width. Measure both feet and buy for the larger foot. Ask for just the right fit. A shoe repair store can stretch shoes in tight spots. | <urn:uuid:9ad85f4f-2435-4444-8876-42b27719e6fa> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://debrahkirkner.jimdo.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982293615.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195813-00024-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93676 | 819 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A Simple Plan For Investigating
November 8, 2022
Leaks Discovery Techniques
Recognizing leaks in a pipeline might call for numerous attempts. One means of doing this is to make use of a water leak indicator. This tool is a small silver wheel or triangular dial that turns when water flows via it. A leakage inside a pipe could create this sign to turn. The even more efforts the leak sensing unit makes, the more precise its results. Water leaks might be hidden, making it challenging to figure out where they’re coming from. To identify the source, check the exposed pipework and also joints. You may see a little stream of liquid or vapor gushing from a leakage. In either situation, it is very important to identify the source quickly. Overpass can likewise be an useful leaks detection approach. They are normally taped utilizing video, and also might even utilize thermal imaging to determine a leakage. Flyovers are best utilized to identify little leaks, however bigger spills may need even more thorough detection approaches. An overpass may additionally expose the place of a release by discovering dead vegetation as well as a “luster” around the area. Nevertheless, this method is not suggested as a main leak discovery approach. Discovering a leak is critical for commercial procedures, including the automotive and clinical markets. Leakages in these markets can compromise the honesty of crucial medical tools, so locating the source of a leakage is essential. Fortunately, there are a variety of leakage discovery devices available out there, and nearly any budget can pay for one. These tools can vary from hand held systems to huge leakage detection tools utilized for long-term upkeep. Identifying leaks is a great way to stop severe damage to your residential property. Water damage is 2 times as costly as break-ins and also fires integrated. A water leakage detection system can assist you catch any kind of leakages prior to they come to be a significant problem. If you’re out of town, the system can send you an alert with your residence net modem. Finding leaks early is vital for the wellness of your family and also neighborhood. If a leak is left unchecked for an extended period of time, it can damage your building and also create serious wellness impacts. If you delay detection, the damage may grow larger and end up being more difficult to clean up. When a leak is spotted early, it can conserve lives and protect against pricey water damages. Leakages discovery is very easy as well as can save you a great deal of money on water bills. By fixing a leak in a timely fashion, you can save as much as 10 percent of your water costs. Even if you’re a do it yourself kind of individual, it’s still beneficial to obtain an expert plumbing to take a look at your plumbing system.
Why No One Talks About Anymore
Discovering The Truth About
Why Aren’t As Bad As You Think
October 27, 2022
Tips to Help You Get a Reliable dumpster rental company
You must do your best to live in a clean environment. Because of this you should mind about the way you dispose your waste. Make sure that you hire a dumpster rental company to help you in disposing your waste. When you do this you will be able to focus on your work. Also, you will be stress free. This is the article that will help in fulfilling your desire of getting a reliable dumpster rental company.
You should not forget to put the reputation into consideration. The reputation of a dumpster rental company can either be good or poor. Since you can get confused as you make your selection, ensure that you do not rush to make the final decision. It is good to learn before deciding on the dumpster rental company to pick so that you avoid the one with a poor reputation. The reviews will help you to learn thus you should visit the websites since this is where you can get them. They are usually so many and helpful. Find time to read them when you are not busy. You can easily identify a well-reputed dumpster rental company through what you will gather.
You should also not fail to consider the certification. A certified dumpster rental company will serve you amazingly. You should know that the idea of getting a properly certified dumpster rental company is the best and will remain to be the best. You should embrace it so that you can be proud of the results. A certified dumpster rental company is committed to providing clients with beneficial services. This is what makes the goals of clients accomplished. The best thing to do at this point is to look for a dumpster rental company with a certificate of authorization. It is also to verify its legitimacy.
You should decide to check the experience of the dumpster rental company. It is crucial to have the idea of looking for the most experienced dumpster rental company in the area in your mind. This idea will do wonders when you take it seriously. Without a hint about the number of years that a specific dumpster rental company has spent in the field, there is no way how you can know about the experience. The number of years has to be many for instance more than 10 so you can believe that such a dumpster rental company can provide quality services.
You should consider the cost. If you want services from any dumpster rental company then you must be ready to pay them. All dumpster rental companys work at a cost. Make sure that your wallet will be comfortable to pay the dumpster rental company you will choose. For this to happen, you require to ask a dumpster rental company about the cost estimates of the work you want. It is good to explain what you want. You have the right to check the cost estimates of various dumpster rental companys to identify the affordable.
Looking On The Bright Side of
Looking On The Bright Side of
Learning The “Secrets” of
May 27, 2022
Throttle Response: The Benefits Of A Throttle Controller
The decision to get a throttle controller is one you can make easily because the device comes with so many pros. If you are considering going for the devices, then reading through this article, should assist you in making the decision.
There are several benefits that come with a throttle controller. And this explains the reason why they are quite popular among people with vehicles.
For one, the devices are of economic benefit because they help a lot when it comes to saving fuel. Today, we are all looking for economical ways to live as we try to make ends meet. This means that a throttle controller would be of great advantage. Therefore, if your car is one of those models that consume lots of fuel, then this device can come to your rescue. The device has a way of ensuring that as you drive, less fuel is being consumed. This will bring about more flexibility as you drive most especially when you are in a place far away from the gas station.
Another benefit is that this device helps in the elimination of throttle delay. Definitely, you wish to improve your throttle and also eliminate any delays that may be there. Throttle delays can be quite annoying and you do not want to struggle with the same. With the device, it becomes easy for you to have an easy time when it comes to getting ahead in instances where you wish to accelerate and even overtake another vehicle in front of you. Even more, a throttle controller helps in improving the ability of your car to move faster even when there is a heavy load. It will therefore add to that acceleration edge even when you are uphill even under a heavy load.
Well, there are other perks or benefits that you will get from a throttle controller. But it will depend on the model or brand. These include anti-theft benefits. It is always good to speak with your supplier about the throttle controller as well as the features that come with each model.
As well, the in the modern world of technology, there are so many changes and modifications that have been made to the devices. This includes being equipped with Bluetooth technology and you can configure the settings through your smartphone. This allows a high degree of convenience for you. And this is the level of convenience we are all looking for.
As you choose any device, remember that it is an essential investment that you are making. It is therefore critical that you do some research regarding the device as well as suppliers of the same. Understand the various models and features that come with the device. As well, check the price ranges in the market. This way, you will have a general idea of what to expect.
Be keen as well, on the supplier that you choose. It is best that you purchase such devices from the best and most reputable sellers. This increases the chances of buying great quality and functional products.
Where To Start with and More
Getting Down To Basics with
The Essentials of – Getting to Point A
February 18, 2022
Just How to Choose Digital Advertising Providers
The most effective means to pick an electronic advertising solution is by thinking about the company’s capabilities. A full-service company will certainly utilize a group of advertising and marketing professionals to create a comprehensive technique for your company. Nevertheless, there are also firms that focus on a particular service. For instance, if you are wanting to improve your conversion price, you don’t necessarily need an entire agency. A team of professionals will be able to make best use of the outcomes for you. An incorporated electronic advertising and marketing approach will certainly coordinate your efforts throughout all the systems to make sure that they reach your target audience. This indicates that if you have a blog site, transforming it right into a video clip will enhance the audience’s direct exposure. The ideal electronic advertising services will utilize different networks to engage your target market. You can even develop a video clip out of your blog post. These benefits can be enormous. And also you’ll locate that a lot of these firms offer a full variety of mini-services. Along with creating a tailored internet marketing technique, you’ll additionally obtain a specialized set of mini-services. For example, a digital advertising firm may give you with business-building suggestions as well as advice. A specialist group can craft a custom service for your needs and target market. And also due to the fact that it is a particular niche industry, it can additionally be a wonderful way to increase your firm’s online reputation. These solutions can assist you stand apart from the competitors and also rise sales. An additional difference in between a search engine optimization project and a PPC project is the time frame. With SEO, your website will show up in search results for targeted search phrases. This enhances the chance that possible consumers will click your internet site. On the various other hand, pay per click projects begin to generate outcomes practically instantly. This is a huge benefit over search engine optimization as it can take months to reveal results. By the time your pay per click advertisements go real-time, you’ll have raised conversions. A digital advertising and marketing solution will certainly provide a diversified range of solutions. They can enhance a post for internet search engine results or transform a video to advertise a single product and services. An electronic advertising solution is an important component of a growing organization, and will offer you the side over your rivals. They can likewise produce a personalized plan for your organization demands. A great digital advertising firm will certainly customize an electronic advertising strategy to fit your demands. Selecting the appropriate electronic advertising service is vital. Tiny startups, B2B business, as well as mid-market organizations will certainly have different requirements. Some agencies are better matched for smaller services, while others are best suited for big companies. Some digital marketing agencies need minimal credentials from their customers, such as annual income as well as marketing spending plan. In addition, some agencies only accept particular kinds of clients, which can aid them find the best fit. If your company is not rewarding in terms of sales, you may require to buy a much more pricey digital advertising solution.
How to Achieve Maximum Success with
The 5 Commandments of And How Learn More | <urn:uuid:3e676b26-c95a-45ab-b6e7-4c31a9f15a03> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | http://onbusinesswiki.com/category/arts-entertainment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510284.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927071345-20230927101345-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.951989 | 2,462 | 2.625 | 3 |
Setting Clear and Firm Boundaries
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December 12, 2018
April 18, 2018
- Processes can happen faster or slower, with harmony or chaos
- The Soul comes at the moment of conception
- Parents consciousness influence the baby
- Each Soul chooses its family and environment
- Our responsibility is to choose goodness over negativity
- Taking deep breaths and asking the Light for help handling challenges
- Everything is absolutely perfect for the process of each family
- Restriction is about redirecting, instead of saying no
- Children from birth to 3 years old require love, care, attention, protection and the parents to be present and redirect
- Children from 3-5 years old need to be acknowledged, treated with and empathy and respect giving them space to be
- Healthy parenting require firm boundaries with love and communication
In this class we learn the proactive attitude and kabbalistic tools that support the evolution of our children from birth to the age of 5 years old. It is important to understand that our kids don’t belong to us, our work as parents is to show the way, give them structure, and allow them to experience their own individual process and find their own path.
About This Course
Parents are the channels for their children, and need to develop gentleness, curiosity, and the ability to support them while setting up healthy boundaries. In this course, we learn the proactive attitude and kabbalistic tools that parents can benefit from to support the evolution and growth of children. | <urn:uuid:738e1425-3207-47bf-89a0-526124e98147> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://kabbalah.com/en/online-courses/lessons/lesson-2-setting-clear-and-firm-boundaries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143373.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217205657-20200217235657-00248.warc.gz | en | 0.934893 | 326 | 2.53125 | 3 |
While a lot is being said about the degree of economic disruption caused by COVID-19, there is very little being thought about our most valuable assets, “Our Children”. So, with this article, let us understand how the pandemic is affecting their development.
With the Preschools, Anganwadis, and child care centers closed due to the pandemic and only Online Learning platforms available, many toddlers are missing out on opportunities for holistic development. Children are not getting the cognitive and social stimulation that they would normally get outside their home in a kindergarten set-up.
Experts have noted delays in speech and language amongst toddlers. With childcare programs closed and social distancing measures in place, many children are facing trouble sharing and being in groups. Paediatricians are noting developmental delays as well as potential long-term health consequences. Issues like ADHD, OCD, Anxiety are at an all-time high. During the lockdown average Screen time has gone up manifold, children are glued to screens which is again causing grave concern for the next generation.
Children have lost access to critical resources that are likely to help support not only their cognitive development but also their mastery of basic foundational academic skills, as well as key social-emotional learning that we know happens in early childcare programs and spaces. And that’s not to say that parents can’t and don’t do a lot of that support at home, but with the work from home culture, there is a lot of work-life balance required.
For young children, a delay in social skills may not be the only consequence of the pandemic. With many parents undergoing financial stress, children face higher rates of housing and emotional insecurity. And others are subject to rising rates of neglect and household dysfunction – all of which can affect a child’s trajectory into adulthood.
So far, data suggest very few COVID-19 cases have been reported amongst children globally, with relatively few deaths compared to other age groups and usually mild disease and shorter recovery period. However, the restrictions caused during the pandemic are going to have long-lasting impacts on the mental health of society’s youngest members. It’s high time that we start reconsidering the idea of re-opening Kindergartens and Daycare Centres. Let us honestly answer this question “Are we not taking our children to markets, malls, weddings, parties, parks etc; then why deprive them of a beautiful experience called Schooling?”
With a responsible approach from both parents and school end, we can lift these self-imposed restrictions which are ripping off happiness & hope from the lives of our kids.
Vijeta Bhateja Dixit is an Entrepreneur, Philanthropist and Early Childhood Educator. She was also the 2nd Runner up of Mrs Chandigarh- A Woman of Substance 2019. | <urn:uuid:87df0663-fbaf-4c1e-a6c1-49860f7396c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://tricityscoop.com/tough-toddlers-rising-above-the-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127173917-20221127203917-00663.warc.gz | en | 0.972715 | 589 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The mollymawks are a group of medium-sized albatrosses that form the genusThalassarche. The name has sometimes been used for the genus Phoebetria as well, but these are usually called sooty albatrosses. They are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, where they are the most common of the albatrosses. They were long considered to be in the same genus as the great albatrosses, Diomedea, but a study of their mitochondrial DNA showed that they are a monophyletic taxon related to the sooty albatrosses, and they were placed in their own genus.
The word mollymawk, which dates to the late 17th century, comes from the Dutch mallemok, which means mal – foolish and mok – gull.
Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to the Diomedeidae family and come from the Procellariiformes order, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm-petrels, and diving-petrels. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns, although the nostrils are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. They also have a salt glandthat is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose. Finally, they produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defence against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. The fossil species Thalassarche thyridata known from a skull fragment from the Late Miocene of Victoria, Australia shows that the genus had already diverged from the sooty albatrosses 10 mya.
- Thalassarche chlororhynchos, Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross
- Thalassarche carteri, Indian yellow-nosed albatross
- Thalassarche bulleri, Buller's albatross
- Thalassarche cauta, shy albatross
- Thalassarche steadi, white-capped albatross
- Thalassarche eremita, Chatham albatross
- Thalassarche salvini, Salvin's albatross
- Thalassarche impavida, Campbell albatross
- Thalassarche chrysostoma, grey-headed albatross
- Thalassarche melanophrys, black-browed albatross
- †Thalassarche thyridata
Mollymawks have the largest range in size of all the albatross genera, as their wingspans are 180 to 256 cm (71–101 in). Mollymawks have what has been described as gull-like plumage, with dark black backs, mantle and tails and lighter heads, underwings and bellies. The heads of several species are often slightly darker grey, or have dark around the eyes. They all have a colourful pinkish flesh stripe from their gape to their ear that is shown during displays. They have distinctive bill structure and colouring which makes for easier identifying than other albatrosses. The bills of mollymawks are either brightly coloured orange or yellow, or dark with several bright yellow lines. | <urn:uuid:2da9cdaa-3eb6-41c9-a1fa-6c996265ad76> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://animals.wikia.com/wiki/Thalassarche | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867311.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526053929-20180526073929-00409.warc.gz | en | 0.952407 | 775 | 3.421875 | 3 |
At first you might feel a slight sting as the fangs enter. Then, a tingling will spread throughout your limbs. But within minutes your central nervous system will start shutting down, culminating in convulsions, paralysis, and a suffocating death. The venom of the black mamba snake, one of the world’s deadliest poisons administered by one of the world’s deadliest reptiles, can kill you within half an hour. Untreated bites have a mortality rate of 100%.
Hidden in the grim cocktail the snake carries, though, are a couple of proteins with a remarkably different effect. Research published this week in Nature has revealed two molecules in mamba venom that can eliminate pain with as much potency as morphine, suggesting an unusual new source for painkillers.
Sylvie Diochot, an engineer at France’s Institute of Pharmocologie Moleculaire and Cellulaire and first author of the paper, has always had a yen for the venomous. Fascinated by the destructive power of black widow bites, she studied venomous arthropods and was on familiar terms with her specimens. “Sometimes, I had several spiders and scorpions at home, in breeding, but I have children at home, so I prefer to observe them in nature (photos), or sometimes in our laboratory,” she wrote in an e-mail. Her research involved purifying the toxin molecules that make venom so deadly and then applying them to neurons and other cells to study how they send the body into catastrophic failure.
(MORE: The Strange World of Drug Origins: Nuns’ Urine, Yew Trees and Rooster Combs)
The conclusion that venom investigators like Diochot have reached is that the things that make animal venoms so deadly are often proteins that work by jamming open or closed the channels that let ions flow across the membranes of neurons. Chemical cross-chatter into and out of the cells is what allows neurons to send messages to the brain and elsewhere. Disrupt that communications feed and the whole system can come crashing down.
But not all the information neurons transmit is good. Pain, after all, is a neuronal signal too. Sometimes it’s a very helpful one, as when it alerts you that you might want to remove your hand from the hot stove you just touched. Sometimes it’s decidedly unhelpful; what good, exactly, is a migraine headache, chronic back pain, postsurgical pain? In cases like those, shutting down selected neuronal signals would be a very good thing. In the 1990s, researchers found a protein in the venom of the sea-dwelling cone snail that could do just that, disturbing the function of calcium ion channels such that pain signals never made it to the brain. A synthetic version of the molecule they extracted, ziconotide, is now being used to treat patients with severe chronic pain, a success story that inspires venom researchers today.
To see whether they could find anything in various venoms that had a similar effect on another set of pain-related channels, Diochot — along with her lab chief, neurobiologist Eric Lingueglia, and other collaborators — borrowed and bought more than 40 venoms from scorpions, spiders, sea anemones and snakes. Each was carefully separated into its component molecules, which were then poured on frog cells. What they were looking for was whether the molecules affected what are known as acid-sensing ion channels — which can play a key role in nociception, or the transmission of pain signals. Quickly, they saw that particular black mamba proteins, dubbed mambalgin-1 and -2, did block the ion channels in frog cells, at least in a petri dish. They had a similar effect on human cells — in a dish as well.
(MORE: Could an Addiction-Proof Pain Reliever Finally Be on the Horizon?)
The next step was to try the preparation in a living creature, in this case mice. Since mice can’t tell you if something hurts — never mind how much — the researchers conducted two standard pain experiments. After administering mambalgin-1 and -2 to their subjects, they dipped the paws of some of the animals in hot water; in others they injected the paws with substances that briefly cause pain. Mice respond to such stimuli by withdrawing their paws from the water and licking the pricked paws; how quickly they withdraw and how many times they lick are measures of how much pain they feel.
On both of these yardsticks, mice that had received mambalgin appeared to feel much less pain than those that had received none. The magnitude of the reduction is similar to the reduction that occurs when mice are given morphine. Although mambalgin got less effective the longer the mice were exposed it, tolerance did not develop nearly as fast as with morphine, and the mice did not have difficulty breathing, as they did when on morphine.
It will take a lot of work — and a lot of toxicity testing — before this particular venom extract or synthetic compounds like it are approved for human use, but even if it is, don’t expect it to replace aspirin or ibuprofen, or even morphine in most circumstances. Like ziconotide before it, it may need to be injected into the spine or elsewhere to have best effect, which means it may be primarily useful in the alleviation of certain types of chronic severe pain for which there is no other treatment. “For neuropathic pain, which is associated with problems in the nervous system, and for people with very severe pain, like in very advanced cancer, morphine is not very efficient,” says Lingueglia. “For these people, we have only a few molecules that can be active on their pain.”
(MORE: The Prescription Painkiller Experience: Less Than a Third Say They Like it)
That’s a very important niche — both in a humanitarian and economic sense — and for that reason, acid-sensing ion channels have been on drug companies’ radars for a while, says William Catterall, a pharmacologist at University of Washington. Mambalgin’s structure has been patented, and one of the paper’s authors is on the scientific board of Theralpha, a biotechnology company that is looking to develop the protein for use in humans.
Of less interest to pharmacologists than herpetologists is why such a deadly venom contains such a potent painkiller in the first place. What could be the advantage — either to the snake or to the victim? “This is a very good question,” says Lingueglia with a laugh. “It’s very surprising, because when the snake bites you, you are dead in a very short time. I don’t think analgesic peptides are of interest to the snake.”
(MORE: Recreational Use of Painkillers Linked to Other Problems in Teens)
This story is also available on DiscoverMagazine.com. | <urn:uuid:5a474469-b620-4598-abe9-d6d532866388> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://healthland.time.com/2012/10/05/how-a-deadly-snakes-venom-could-mean-pain-relief/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949678.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331175950-20230331205950-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.965207 | 1,452 | 3.015625 | 3 |
)(Pay attention to privacy and don't use sirnames.) Looking for high-quality Math worksheets aligned to Common Core standards for Grades K-8? 12 Times Table - Fun Ways of Teaching & Learning the 12 Times Tables. A link to our 12 times table worksheets is provided at the bottom of the page. Exclusive, limited time offer! Enjoy the 12 times table games! Generate unlimited examples for 12 times tables chart and complete the answers. Twelve times one is equal to twelve. Your email address will not be published. Try to find as fast a possible the matching questions and answers! Twelve times eleven is equal to one hundred and thirty-two. The 12 times table forms part of the Year 4 national curriculum in the UK (approx 8 years old). Twelve times seven is equal to eighty-four. Printable Fact Triangles (Multiplication & Division), Fact Triangles (Multiplication & Division), Understanding Circumference and Area of a Circle Worksheets, Shape Partitions (Rectangles and Circles) Worksheets, Decomposition of Numbers within 10 Worksheets, Understanding Statistical Questions Worksheets, Working with Radicals and Integer Exponents Worksheets, Solving Word Problems Involving Linear Equations and Linear Inequalities Worksheets, Parallel lines Cut by a Transversal Worksheets, Unlike Fractions (Denominators greater than 10) Worksheets, Solving Linear Equations in One Variable Integral Coefficients and Rational Coefficients Worksheets, Understanding Supplementary, Complementary, Vertical and Adjacent Angles Worksheets, Understanding Place Value Up to Thousandths Worksheets, Understanding Decimal Notations Worksheets, Multiplicative Comparisons and Equations Worksheets, Subtracting Whole Numbers and Decimals (Tenths to Thousandths) Worksheets, Polygons in the Coordinate Plane Worksheets, Understanding Basic Concepts of Relations and Functions Worksheets, Converting Rational Numbers to Decimals Using Long Method Worksheets, Writing Multi-Digit Numbers Using Base 10 Numerals Worksheets, Order of Operations and Grouping Symbols Worksheet, Solving Problems Involving Scale Drawings of Geometric Figures Worksheets, Finding the Surface Area and Volume of Solid Figures Worksheets, Rounding Off Decimals Up To Thousandths Worksheets, Understanding Angles and Its Measures Worksheets, Interpreting linear functions in a form of y=mx+b and its graph Worksheets, Adding 2-digit Numbers and 1-digit Numbers Worksheets, Factoring and Expanding Linear Expressions with Rational Coefficients Worksheets, Recognizing Symmetrical Figures Worksheets. You are now on the 12 times table page where multiplication calculations can be practiced in sequence.
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By Maggie Jones, Esri Conservation Writer
The mammoth, 40-ton gray whale is nourished by microscopic phytoplankton, plants that contain chlorophyll and depend on nutrients in the ocean to survive.
Phytoplankton are a link in a remarkable food chain; they serve as the primary food for shrimp and other crustaceans, which are the life source of gigantic gray whales. Researchers at Coastal Ecosystems Research Foundation (CERF), a Canadian nonprofit organization, have attempted to link the concentration of chlorophyll a, the blue-green pigment in phytoplankton, to gray whale distribution in order to better understand the relationship between whales and their feeding grounds. They are tracking the concentration of chlorophyll a in the ocean using geographic information system (GIS) technology, a process that could be crucial in sustaining the gray whale herds that populate the Pacific Ocean.
Every spring, gray whales make the long journey up the Pacific coastline from Baja California to feast on the swarming mysid shrimp found among kelp beds along the rocky coast of British Columbia, Canada. Many gray whales go further north into the Bering and Chukchi seas, feeding on benthic macrofauna. As early as the 1980s, the whales began looking for alternative feeding grounds, and the question arises whether this is the result of insufficient nourishment.
Michelle Kinzel, a CERF researcher, and Roberto Venegas, a research scientist with the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences (COAS) at Oregon State University, suspect that global climate changes are altering food webs and impacting all types of species within a coastal ecosystem. Kinzel and Venegas used GIS to track the distribution of gray and humpback whales, as well as the availability of food in their feeding grounds, to see if climate change affects whale distribution and behavior.
CERF has collected data on the number and distribution of gray whales visiting the summer feeding grounds since 1996 by means of sight and satellites. Whales can be tracked by visually identifying markings distinct to individual whales. This descriptive information can be put into GIS, to generate maps, which depict the factors that influence a specific whale's choice of feeding grounds and show changes in those factors over time.
CERF used imagery obtained using a Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) instrument aboard a satellite to study the relationship between whale distribution and concentrations of chlorophyll a. Color in the world's oceans is in the visible light range and varies depending on the amount of chlorophyll and other plant pigments in the water; the intensity of green color in the ocean is a direct measurement of the amount of phytoplankton. Quantification of variations in chlorophyll a levels was derived from the SeaWiFS data taken from various sampling stations off the coast at sites selected using GIS analysis.
To determine where whales were congregating, researchers observed individual whales and referred to their residency patterns, recorded with GPS and processed with GIS. (Residency patterns are determined by geographic locations, numbers of whales returning to an area, and the number of days they feed there.) Researchers found that whales exhibit site fidelity, meaning they often return to the same feeding grounds year after year. This discovery enabled the team to apply control variables to the study of feeding patterns. Researchers used Esri's ArcView software to visualize this data, better understand its geographic context, discover relationships, and identify patterns in whale activity.
Using Animal Movement (an ArcView Spatial Analyst extension), they analyzed habitat usage in terms of site fidelity to try and discover why the whales were seeking new feeding grounds. The researchers hypothesize that fluctuations in sea temperature affect the base food chain element chlorophyll, impacting shrimp density and, therefore, the change in whale food supplies from year to year.
By determining the range that whales traveled, the team quantified core areas (areas where whales spend 50 percent of their time) and home ranges (areas where whales spend 95 percent of their time). Data gathered from 1995 to 2001 was delineated using GIS technology, and maps were studied to analyze trends and correlations between whale home ranges and residency patterns relative to anomalies or fluctuations in chlorophyll concentrations. Kinzel and her team found that the size of gray whale home ranges expanded in 1998 and 1999 compared to 1996 and 1997.
The tracked whales expanded their home ranges because they stayed in their typical feeding grounds for shorter periods, then dispersed to find new feeding areas. The years the whales expanded their ranges corresponded with the years of the El Niño and La Niña climate changes. In particular, home ranges were largest during La Niņa years. Major shifts in oceanographic processes are caused by the El Niño phenomenon, a warming of the ocean's surface when currents of nutrient-poor tropical water replace the cold, nutrient-rich surface water that supports great populations of fish and nourishment. La Niña cools the surface of the water, also disrupting marine habitats. Kinzel and Venegas hypothesized that whale residency and site fidelity correlate to the availability and suitability of food.
The climate change seemed to have caused a shift in the primary food dominating shallow water communities, from several species of swarming mysid shrimp (the gray whales' main nourishment source) during non-El Niño years to schooling anchovy fish (the humpback whales' food) common in the warmer currents of El Niño events. That shift could be a driving factor in the whales' change of feeding ground preference.
Because restrictions such as limited data points hinder making a decisive correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and whale distribution, the jury is still out. Nonetheless, the methodology of employing satellite imagery to better understand ecosystem-based processes and analyze animal behaviors has prospects for application in other environmental research studies.
The idea that changing chlorophyll a levels directly affect the entire food chain, from phytoplankton to shrimp to whales, deserves further investigation. CERF researchers are continuing to assess whale habitats to prove their hypotheses as well as establish a geodatabase that will serve as a reference for whale habitat management and conservation. To read more about whale research projects in Baja and British Columbia, visit the CERF Web site at www.cerf.bc.ca. To learn more about Kinzel's gray whale project, e-mail her at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:a0dbb8dd-91ea-42d4-8fdc-8126df47408c> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.esri.com/news/arcwatch/1007/feature.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206147.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00367-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922064 | 1,322 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Rolling dough and baking, she makes the traditional sweet to share on Muslim holidays and also to send with pilgrims leaving her native Trinidad for the hajj in Makkah—with the provision they deliver some to her son, who lives there.
Maleeda is a sweetened dough ball made from a soft Indian griddle bread called paratha roti that first came to this Caribbean island in the late 19th century with Afghans, many of whom arrived as indentured servants, as well as with Muslims from India. Ever since then, Trinidadian maleeda has been adapted, like so many of its foods, to local tastes and ingredients such as coconut, cinnamon and clove, which are ubiquitous in Caribbean sweets—the latter two originally hailing from Southeast Asia. Although maleeda is to Muslims a special dessert for Muslims during Ramadan, the month of sunrise-to-sunset fasting, non-Muslim Trinidadians welcome it, too.
“It’s a usual thing for neighbors to share sweets and foods with each other,” says Ali, now retired and living near Point Lisas, an oil-industry town in the central part of the island. She is part of Trinidad’s Muslim community, which comprises mostly people of African, East Indian, Afghan and Syrian roots. “People will ask for and look forward to sweets like maleeda or sawine—the vermicelli pudding—that we normally make to bring to the mosque.”
The two-island country of Trinidad and Tobago, the southernmost islands in the Caribbean chain, is a nation of many cultures. Just 13 kilometers off the coast of Venezuela, Trinidad was among the few places Christopher Columbus actually dropped anchor, and it quickly became a prize in the colonial battles for the New World. Initially colonized by Spain, it was taken by France and, for its longest period, England.
The colonial powers brought enslaved Africans here and, later, indentured Chinese and Indians of Buddhist, Hindu and Muslim faiths, all to work on the sugar and cocoa plantations that built Trinidad’s first fortunes. (Today nearly half the island’s economy relies on oil and gas.) Cocoa laborers were recruited also from Venezuela, and, later, refugees from Syria and Lebanon found their way to these shores in an ongoing immigration that began in the late 19th century and continues today.
Second to Christianity, Islam is the longest-practiced religion in Trinidad. The first known and, later, most prominent Muslim was Yunas Mohammed Bath, an enslaved West African from the area between the Senegal and Gambia rivers. Literate in Arabic, he arrived in Trinidad around 1805, and he quickly became a leader among fellow enslaved Mandingo (Muslim) Africans.
A decade later Africans who were originally enslaved in Georgia and the Chesapeake region of the us arrived in Trinidad, where they were granted their liberty and some land along the eastern shore as payment for military service to Britain during the War of 1812.
Today eastern Trinidad remains a largely Muslim and mixed-race enclave, bolstered in the mid-19th century by indentured servants hailing from what is now Pakistan and northern India. As with all of the faiths, ethnicities and cultures that make up Trinidad today, it is food that most often provides opportunities for fellowship and understanding.
“Growing up, I remember that it was always the men who would make the paratha roti for big Islamic functions—weddings or holy days. They were the experts, so when anyone had a function—even if they were Hindu or Christian—the Muslim men were called upon as the best paratha roti-makers,” says Ali’s daughter Safiya, an attorney with Caricom, the Caribbean Community Secretariat, which promotes policy and development among 15 Caribbean nations. Safiya blogs about Trinidadian food on “Life-span of A Chennette,” and her mother tests recipes after reducing them from the large volumes used to prepare food for crowds at the mosque.
Food continues to represent mutually influential exchanges among Muslim and non-Muslim Trinidadians.
In the same vein, notes Safiya, whenever there was a large function in the village that required the help of women—perhaps for the ceremony beginning a Hindu wedding, or the celebration of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights—all the ladies in town were called upon, and her mother, Nazira, especially was asked to join in making sweets.
“We didn’t participate in the fetes or dancing, but when there was a village ceremony, we participated in the cooking because we were part of the community,” says Safiya. She adds that she, her mother and sisters could help all the more easily at Hindu functions because they were vegetarian affairs, thus mooting any question about Islamic halal dietary codes concerning meat.
Many point to the presidency from 1987 to 1997 of Noor Hassanali, the country’s first Indian president and the first Muslim head of state in the Americas, as a watershed in the history of social relations among Muslims and non-Muslims in Trinidad. It was the efforts of his wife, First Lady Zalayhar Hassanali, often made through food, that perhaps provided the most tangible opportunities for cultural and culinary cross-pollination.
“When I became First Lady, I served East Indian, Chinese, Creole and Syrian foods at state dinners to demonstrate our nation’s diversity,” she says. “But one thing we never served was liquor or pork because we are Muslims.”
While there was at first some concern about how dignitaries both at home and from abroad would accept this, Hassanali says people respected the couple’s decision—including Great Britain’s Princess Anne, whom Hassanali recalls enjoying the First Lady’s freshly pressed juices from fruits grown on the presidential estate.
“Even though it was shocking to many for a head of state to create a restriction about things that are so integral to Western diplomatic etiquette and there were those who frowned on it, in the end people respected the Hassanalis’ decision,” says hotelier Gerard Ramsawak, who is also a founding member of a multicultural outreach association the works with the office of the president of Trinidad and Tobago.
As manager of Pax Hotel, a historic building on the grounds of Mt. St. Benedict, one of the island’s oldest monasteries, Ramsawak regularly attended state dinners that included diplomats, artists and business people throughout President and First Lady Hassanali’s tenure.
“Mrs. Hassanali’s secret was that she embraced the larger culture of Trinidad and Tobago—a culture that is a melting pot where we’ve learned to appreciate each other’s differences,” he says.
Today food continues to represent mutually influential exchanges among Muslim and non-Muslim Trinidadians. While in the past most non-Muslim Trinidadians enjoyed Muslim foods, largely thanks to the generosity of Muslim neighbors and friends, some foods have become such a common part of daily life they are readily available to all.
The sawine that is a must-have for Muslims at ‘Id al-Fitr has become so popular that major Trinidadian food manufacturing brands such as Chief and Sheik Lisha sell packaged, toasted vermicelli with premeasured spices so that anyone can make the dessert at home.
“Sawine is something we all like even though it’s an Islamic food,” says Ramsawak. “Chinese, Hindu, Christian—we all make it at home.”
The presence of halal meat shops and restaurants throughout the country, frequented by people of all faiths and ethnicities, are another example.
Sarina Nicole Bland is part of the island’s extremely small Jewish community. She, too, blogs about the diversity of the cuisine in her homeland. She says she appreciates the ubiquity of halal restaurants, ranging from Chinese to burgers, Indian, barbecue, Arab and more.
“I keep kosher, and the laws of halal are extremely similar,” says Bland. “It makes things a lot easier for me.” Among her favorite Muslim Trinidadian foods is “fat kurma,” another sweet dish that is often brought to mosques for Friday prayers. It is one of the many dishes that demonstrate the subtle difference between foods that are considered Muslim versus Hindu or simply Trinidadian. A crispy fried treat that is coated in sugar, the Muslim version of kurma is more like a tiny doughnut with a crisp crust.
“I’m not sure how or why the two versions came about, or why one became associated with Muslims or the other Hindu,” says Safiya. “But that could be said about a lot of our foods.”
Nazira says that paratha roti, which is the forebear to the overwhelmingly popular “buss up shut”—in which the paratha is torn or shredded and has become the default standard to eat with curries—was considered Muslim while dalpuri—in which the paratha is stuffed with ground lentils—was largely thought to be Hindu, and was once only made for special occasions. “Now both are eaten by everyone interchangeably,” she says.
Also widely popular is pelau, the Trinidadian version of biryani, a Persian rice dish brought to India by the Mughal emperors. It is an excellent example of the influence, adaptation and evolution of Muslim dishes within Trinidadian cuisine. The layered rice dish is made with meat that is “browned” in caramel syrup in the African style and seasoned with “green seasoning,” a local mixed herb paste, hot pepper and coconut milk.
Like the biryanis that are often served in mosques in India, Trinidadian pelau is an incredibly popular one-pot dish that is also often made in mosque kitchens, particularly after 'Id al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice), in which cows, sheep and sometimes goats are sacrificed and the meat cooked immediately, while fresh. At the same time, pelau made from chicken or beef is a pan-Trinidadian dish often made for large gatherings and, especially, Sunday lunch with the family.
Even as the cuisine of Muslim Trinidadians has crossed over into larger culture and also been influenced by the culture around it, culinary evolution continues. A new wave of “Muslim food” is, again, changing the way Trinidadians eat—mostly in the form of the shawarma stands, locally called gyro (jie-roh), that now line major boulevards in towns, from the capital of Port of Spain in the north all the way down to San Fernando, the large oil-and-gas city in the south and, seemingly, everywhere in between.
Almost exclusively the bailiwick of the newest Syrian refugee immigrants, these stands range from independent operators, like Hassan’s, Yousef’s and Original’s, all the way to franchises like Pita Pit and even Lawrence of Arabia. Gyros are rapidly overtaking “traditional” fast-foods like doubles, a curried chickpea sandwich and oyster shooters from mangrove oysters, as the go-to after-party food for the clubbing crowd.
“The people line up for gyros every night,” says Zuher Dukhen who with his brothers arrived in Trinidad within the last few years. At their takeout stand, named Sami’s Arabian, they make their meat daily, hand-forming it using traditional methods. “Mostly we serve chicken because that is okay for most everybody—Hindu or Muslim.”
While for now the fare of this new food community remains fairly true to its ethnic origins, if the history of this island is any indication of the future, then it will not be long until it, too, is adapted, assimilated and in turn influenced.
“It wasn’t easy to make pure Arabic foods when our grandfathers first came,” says Adam Abboud, a Syrian-Lebanese Trinidadian whose Christian ancestors arrived more than a century ago. “They made do using things like the local shado beni for cilantro and patchoi for spinach. We made shankleesh cheese using cow’s milk instead of sheep’s milk. Now, it’s our own Trinidadian thing, and it’s what we prefer.”
Shankleesh is a homemade cheese made from aging strained yogurt (labneh) that is then rolled in spices and herbs, most often the Lebanese thyme called za’atar. Abboud is the proprietor of Adam’s Bagels, an eatery that bakes Arab breads onsite and serves olives, olive oil, herbs and spices imported from Syria and Lebanon, as well as locally made shankleesh.
Safiya Ali agrees. “My mother’s father was a Syrian Muslim who came here in the 1940s, and my mom made plenty of kibbeh and falafel when I was growing up, but I remember having to travel to Port of Spain to get the ingredients she needed. They weren’t so common as they are now,” she says.
For Trinidadians, these cultural nuances are just part of what it means to be Trinidadian.
Nazira Ali recalls attending mosque school every evening as well as the village Sunday school while she was growing up—with children of all faiths.
“We still all identified with our own religion,” she says. “Whenever the lesson was about biblical stories—like Ibrahim or the story of Christmas—we’d share our version of what Islam says about it,” she explains. “It was just learning. We grew up together and respected each other, in practicing our faith and in sharing our food.” | <urn:uuid:b1b7af0c-6ff2-4f70-89c4-ebae3d26955b> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/March-2016/Tasting-Trinidad?page=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998462.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20190617083027-20190617105027-00005.warc.gz | en | 0.970807 | 2,933 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Our world is warming. Is that a problem? During this workshop, your pupils will investigate the possible global consequences of climate change over the next 50 years, from sea level rise to drought. Using a combination of discussion, animation and activities, pupils will investigate the greenhouse effect and the various sources and sinks. The workshop culminates in an interactive quiz to test your pupil’s knowledge.
People, place and environment: By comparing my local area with a contrasting area outwith Britain, I can investigate the main features of weather and climate, discussing the impact on living things.
Energy sources and sustainability: Through exploring non-renewable energy sources, I can describe how they are used in Scotland today and express an informed view on the implications for their future use. SCN 2-04b
Technological developments in society: I can investigate the use and development of renewable and sustainable energy to gain an awareness of their growing importance in Scotland or beyond.
Tools for listening and talking: When I engage with others, I can respond in ways appropriate to my role, show that I value others’ contributions and use these to build on thinking. | <urn:uuid:dd107cf3-fe58-4577-a07c-94b8b3fe3756> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.dynamicearth.co.uk/learning/workshops/primary-school-workshops/climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687711.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921082205-20170921102205-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.904574 | 232 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Large and deadly!
The world’s largest venomous spider is the Brazilian wandering spider, a South American native which is also known as the banana spider due its fondness for banana plantations.
How big can it get?
Its body rarely breaches the 5 centimetre mark but its legs can grow as long as 15 centimetres (6 inches) making it the size of a an average paperback novel. However in terms of leg span it is dwarfed by both the Aussie Huntsman spider and the Goliath bird eating tarantula.
What does it eat?
Its dinner menu includes crickets and other large insects as well as small lizards, mice and other spiders. In fact, any creature smaller than itself is likely to be wolfed down when the dinner bell rings.
How does it hunt?
It takes to the jungle during the night time, stealthily looking for prey. Upon finding its desired dish, it clamps down with powerful jaws and releases its venom. After mealtime it returns to the darkness of termite hills and banana plants to rest.
How dangerous is it?
Fatally! There’s a reason that it is considered the most venomous spider in the world. Approximately half of all spider-related hospitalisations in South America are caused by this brute. It can release huge quantities of neurotoxins that attack the immune system in humans. Swelling, breathing problems, loss of muscle control and paralysis are just some of the effects of a bite. If left untreated a human can die in as little as two hours.
How many are left?
Population levels of this spider are unknown. Anybody that has been bitten probably thinks there are too many though.
Not content with simply wandering around its native South America, this spider clocks up more airmiles than any other spider, often stowing away within banana boxes. As such, reports of banana spider bites have come from as far away as Australia and also the U.K. | <urn:uuid:df842100-ba43-4dd7-adba-0f2f24fd1672> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://largestfastestsmartest.co.uk/largest-deadly-spider-in-the-world-brazilian-wandering-spider/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170613.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00642-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964031 | 407 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Xerophytes sentence example
- The transpiring surface of xerophytes is frequently reduced.
- For instance, some xerophytes are dry and hard in structure, whilst others are succulent and fleshy.
- Schimper used the term xerophytes to include plants which live in soils which are physiologically dry, and the term hygrophytes those which live in soils which are physiologically wet or damp. Schimper recognized that the two classes are connected by transitional forms, and that it is useless to attempt to give the matter a statistical basis.
- Bog Xerophytes live in the peaty soil of fens and moors which are physically wet, but which are said to be physiologically dry.
- They are eminently dry-country plants (xerophytes); the narrow leaves are protected from loss of water by a thick cuticle, and have a well-developed sheath which embraces the stem and forms, with the sheaths of the other leaves of the rosette, a basin in which water collects, with fragments of rotting leaves and the like.Advertisement
- Whilst Schimper objected to the constitution of a special category, such as mesophytes, to include all plants which are neither pronounced xerophytes nor pronounced hygrophytes, he recognized the necessity of a third class in which to place those Schuuw, Grundtraek til en almindelig Plantegeografie (Kjbbenhavn, 1822); German trans., Grundzuge einer allegemeinen Pflanzengeographie (Berlin, I 823).
- Tropophytes.Plants which are hygrophytes during some favorl part of the year and xerophytes during the rest of the year; ~., deciduous trees and shrubs, deciduous herbaceous plants with iderground perennating organs, and annuals and ephemerals.
- Such terms as hydrophytes, xerophytes, and halophytes had been used by plant geographers before Warmings time e.g., by Schouw;4 and the terms evidently supply a want felt by botanists as they have come into general use.
- The criticisms were directed chiefly to the inclusion of sand dune plants among halophytes, to the exclusion of halophytes from xerophytes, to the inclusion of bog xerophytes among hydrophytes, to the inclusion of all conifers among xerophytes and of all deciduous trees among mesophytes, and to the group of mesophytes in general.
- It is only in a general sense like Schimpers that such ecological terms as xerophytes have any value; and it is not possible, at least at present, to frame ecological classes, which shall have a high scientific value, on a basis of this nature.Advertisement
- Hydro-xerophytes (bog xerophytes) .Plants which live in ~t, peaty soils, and which possess aeration channels and xeroiilous leaves; e.g., Cladium Mariscus, Eriophorum angustifohium, if bus Chamaemorus, and Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea.
- Many xerophytes are hairy or have sunken stomata which may be further protected by partial plugs of wax: | <urn:uuid:784699d5-1748-4467-8586-02a7f859b27e> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/xerophytes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151672.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725111913-20210725141913-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.931929 | 717 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Partial knee replacement
Partial knee replacement is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that resurfaces the worn, arthritic surfaces of the knee joint with metal and plastic components. Over time, the cartilage covering the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) can wear away, causing pain, swelling and reduced mobility. If the wear is confined to one area of the knee, partial knee replacement may be an option.
What is the difference between a partial knee replacement and a total knee replacement?
The knee joint is made up of three bones—the femur, the tibia and the patella, or kneecap. The femur contacts the tibia with two areas, called condyles—the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. The underside of the kneecap also contacts the femur and tibia as it glides along the groove in the femur. Any of these three areas of contact can fall victim to the wear-and-tear effects of arthritis, causing pain, heat, stiffness and swelling. Total knee replacement involves the replacement of all three surfaces with metal and plastic components. If arthritis is limited to either the lateral or medial compartment of the knee, partial knee replacement may be considered.
Who is a candidate for a partial knee replacement?
Partial knee replacement may be an option for those who have painful, debilitating arthritis limited to one area of the knee and who no longer get relief from conservative measures, such as physical therapy, medications or weight loss. Only your doctor can determine if you are a candidate for this procedure.
What are the advantages?
There are a number of advantages of partial knee replacement when compared with total knee replacement. Because a smaller area of the knee is affected, the implants are smaller, allowing surgeons to use smaller incisions. In addition, there is less trauma to the bone and surrounding tissue, resulting in less blood loss, less likelihood of transfusion, and a quicker recovery time when compared with total knee replacement.
How long is the recovery period?
Many people will be able to go home the day after the procedure. Because most of the knee joint is left intact after the operation, there is typically less pain than with total knee replacement. Patients will typically use a walker or cane for two weeks or so, can drive in two to three weeks, and golf, dance and bowl in four to six weeks. Keep in mind that these are just estimates, and that recovery and healing times vary with each person.
How long will it last?
All knee replacements can wear out over time, including total knee replacements. How long a particular implant may last varies from patient to patient and depends on a number of factors, including the patient's weight, activity level and the accuracy of the implant's placement. Recent studies have shown that for appropriately selected patients, partial knee replacement can last 10 years or more.
What are the risks?
Even though partial knee replacement is considered a minimally invasive procedure, it is still surgery, and as with any surgery there are risks you need to be aware of.
Possible complications include:
- Blood clots in your leg veins.
- Implant loosening.
- Nerve or blood vessel damage.
Your surgeon and healthcare team will be taking great care to minimize the risk of these and other complications. Keep in mind that complications are relatively rare, but they need to be understood by you and your family. Your surgeon will be happy to answer any questions that you may have.
Have more questions? Just give us a call. We'll be happy to answer any questions you may have. And be sure to ask us about our upcoming seminars on knee and hip pain—we'd love to see you! | <urn:uuid:ea02ad83-a923-4f48-9a20-1f26517b2652> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.lrhc.org/services/orthopedics-and-joint-care/partial-knee-replacement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107893402.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027052750-20201027082750-00705.warc.gz | en | 0.92737 | 769 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Speckled Rattlesnakes at ASDMby Jonathan DuHamel on Sep. 06, 2010, under Natural History
The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum has a new exhibit on Speckled rattlesnakes. The exhibit will run through November.
Speckled rattlesnakes most commonly inhabit dry, rocky, granite-filled canyons and their speckles resemble rock pattern and color, giving the snakes camouflage. Speckled rattlesnakes come in several colors including white, orange, pink, blue, tan, silver, black, and gray. They are generally small, 2- to 3 feet, but one subspecies can be up to 5 feet long.
Their range includes Central and Western Arizona, Southeast California, Northwest Sonora, Baja California, and several islands in the Gulf of California.
The exhibit focuses on the characteristics of skin color and pattern.
For more information on rattlesnakes in general see my article: RATTLESNAKES. | <urn:uuid:3b7ba4f8-bf23-4da2-b96d-f7a3bee84793> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://tucsoncitizen.com/wryheat/2010/09/06/speckled-rattlesnakes-at-asdm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701943764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105903-00085-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915882 | 207 | 3.515625 | 4 |
As stated by its name, 3D printing is a process that creates a three-dimensional object using the information stored in a digital file. Although there are a number of methods that see use in 3D printers, all 3D printing consists of depositing layer after layer of material on top of one another until the desired object has been completed. (1) As a result, it is not just powerful but also versatile, meaning that it promises to become more and more prevalent in the near future.
What Has Airbus Created Using 3D Printing?
One example of 3D printing’s potential can be seen in how one of Airbus’s units has created an electric motorcycle that can be produced using the process, which weighs no more than 77 pounds but can still manage a speed of 50 mph. (2) In part, this was because it was made using an aluminum alloy. However, it should also be noted that its design could not have been brought into existence without 3D printing, which was responsible for the hollow components that made up its hollow structure. This is one more example of how 3D printing can change the way that businesses operate as well as the way that we live, particularly since Airbus is actually taking orders for a limited run of the electric motorcycles at around $56,095 per motorcycle.
Of course, there have been more breakthroughs because of 3D printing. (3) Here are examples:
One of the clearest examples of how 3D printing can improve the lives of people is its use in healthcare. For example, Kaiba Gionfriddo was born with a weak windpipe, which was a life-threatening medical condition because it caused his bronchus to collapse and his heart to stop beating. However, a professor at the University of Michigan was able to make a custom splint with a 3D printer for him by using information collected from a CT scan of his trachea and bronchus. As a result, Kaiba can breathe because the splint is keeping his bronchus open while also encouraging the proper growth of his respiratory system. Better still, the custom splint is made using a special biopolymer that will be absorbed into his body over a matter of years, thus eliminating the need for another complicated and time-consuming surgery later on.
On a related note, 3D printing is seeing use in the cloning of human organs, which is important because success would mean that people would no longer need to undergo painful and unpleasant treatments to fend off even worse problems while enduring long waits for compatible transplants. In short, 3D printing is being used to create artificial scaffolds which can be coated with living cells in order to guide their future growth, while other efforts are underway to create 3D printers that can save time by laying down both the artificial scaffold and the living cells at the same time. In time, these initiatives could end up saving a lot of lives that would be lost without easily available organs for transplant.
In fact, 3D printing is even being used to create prostheses for both humans and animals. One example is how prostheses made using 3D printing are enabling people to move with the same ease as those without a need for such devices, while another example is how a printed foot has enabled a duck born with a deformed foot to keep up with the other birds in its flock, which is all the more remarkable because it could not have expected to survive out in the wild. As 3D printing becomes better and better, it seems probable that 3D-printed prostheses will become better and better as well.
Car Makers are using it
A number of car makers are using 3D printing for various processes in their revenue-earning operations. For example, Ford is using 3D printers to not just create prototypes for the parts of their vehicles but also manufacture parts for their Explorer and EcoBoost engines. Similarly, General Motors has been using 3D printers to come up with prototypes of parts for their Malibu in an attempt to improve its fuel efficiency by reducing its weight, while a team of engineers headed by a man named Jim Kor is creating a vehicle called the Urbee 2 made using nothing but 3D printing.
NASA Rocket Engines
NASA was willing to trust 3D printing with the components of its rocket engines, which was proven worthwhile when its rocket engine injector passed a hot fire test while generating 10 times more thrust than its predecessors. This is particularly impressive because while it was sized for a smaller rocket engine, it will be able to be scaled up when the time comes for something bigger. However, this was not the sole NASA initiative when it comes to 3D printing, as shown by its intention to send a 3D printer to the International Space Station (ISS). Said machine will be able to print a wide range of tools for the astronauts stationed on the ISS, which should result in a respectable reduction in the number of things that they will have to bring with them whenever they head up into space.
What Are the Implications of 3D Printing?
Given the sheer amount of interest shown in 3D printing, it should come as no surprise to learn that there are more examples of its potential being realized than those that are listed here. Many of these examples are encouraging for the future, though some are more ambivalent in their implications. As a result, while 3D printers promise to bring much positive change to our lives, it could also bring negative change as well. In the end, it is impossible to predict exactly what will happen in the future as 3D printers become not just more powerful and versatile but also more accessible to the average consumer, not least because it promises to affect such a wide range of fields in such a wide range of manners. However, no matter what happens, people can expect 3D printing to play a more and more exciting part in the world. | <urn:uuid:f684e1ac-c2a6-4aa9-8c0e-cc6093d1830b> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://moneyinc.com/3d-printing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250598726.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120110422-20200120134422-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.973563 | 1,196 | 3.46875 | 3 |
As the eyes and ears of the public, journalists stake their professional reputations on overcoming hurdles to access information held by government. Spend any amount of time with the true FOI warriors, and you’ll hear tales of woe, amazing accounts of official stonewalling and intimidation.
Far too often, we leave these tales on the cutting room floor, so to speak, and present the public with only the results of dogged reporting. This leaves out an important part of the story: how we got the records in the first place, and how difficult it would be for the public to enjoy the same right of access they theoretically enjoy under FOI laws.
In an era in which journalists face unprecedented hardships, we must take the time and effort to tell readers and viewers the rest of the story. We need to rekindle public outrage at government secrecy, and the best way to do that is to give journalism consumers a peek behind the curtain.
A recent five-part series by Macon (Ga.) Telegraph environment reporter Heather Duncan did just that, highlighting not only the existence of chemical hazards in her community, but also bringing much-needed attention to the fact that such information lies well hidden behind a thicket of obstruction and bureaucracy. By taking readers along for the ride, Duncan’s series stands as a perfect example of the kind of FOI-driven show-and-tell we need to produce in abundance.
The series started in October 2004, when Duncan sat out to document the state of chemical hazards in the Macon area. To do so, she needed to read the EPA’s Risk Management Plans from two counties in the newspaper’s coverage area. RMPs are required for factories and treatment plants that keep amounts of certain dangerous chemicals large enough to pose a potential risk to neighbors.
The RMPs are part of a wide pattern of disclosure mandated by Congress in the wake of the disastrous 1984 chemical leak in Bhopal, India, and have been widely credited with placing pressure on the chemical industry to reduce the amount and type of toxic chemicals in the marketplace. Since the 2001 terrorist attacks, the government has limited public access to RMP information.
With this in mind, Duncan made access to the data a major element of her story and addressed the difficulty of learning your risk if you live or work near one of these facilities.
“The point of the series was how difficult it was to get information that was supposed to be public,” she said. “It means that citizens are at a complete loss as to risk. It is particularly hard for those in lower-income neighborhoods to examine documents to find out the conditions in their backyards. The average citizen sure isn’t going to that length.”
In fact, Duncan said that during the course of four months of reporting, she found no one aware of the facilities around them or of the level of risk posed.
Duncan’s quest started when she made an appointment to read the RMPs at the EPA reading room in Atlanta. She was allowed unlimited access to plans from her county, but access to plans from other countries was limited to up to 10 each month.
She was photographed upon entering the EPA offices, escorted to the restroom or the water fountain, and supervised the whole time she examined the files, per EPA policy. She credited EPA officials with being polite and flexible about some things – for example, they allowed her to use a laptop to take notes.
Although the EPA official had to look up and print out copies of the plans, he would not let Duncan take the copies, despite the fact that with the exception of off-site consequence reports, the rest of the documents should be disclosed under federal FOIA.
Duncan was told that if she wanted copies, she should contact the RMP reporting center via an 800 number. She did just that, and was told by an anonymous RMP reporting center official (they refused to give Duncan a name or any information about themselves) to fax the request on stationery from her newspaper.
She did so, and the next thing she knew, her request had been forwarded to the EPA FOIA office in Washington. The EPA responded by telling Duncan it would likely take at least 20 days to fulfill her request — for a document that had already been printed out, in three days, at the regional office! And the EPA said it would be charging search and copying fees.
But how much would the request cost? It took Duncan four different conversations with officials in different EPA branches to determine that the fee would be about $36.
Finally, in December, a month or so after the initial request, the request was forwarded to the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, which handles RMPs. An official in the branch office then said the office would send Duncan the data on CD, free from copying fees.
“No one in the branch office had any idea how the $36 figure had been arrived at, or for what,” Duncan said.
Then things got even more interesting. The data the EPA was offering to send did not include the report summaries — the essence of Duncan’s original request.
“The EPA official told me ‘We don’t know what to do, because we don’t want to give it to you,’” Duncan recalled.
For weeks Duncan repeated the same conversation, over and over. In the meantime the CD with the extraneous data arrived, but it was corrupted.
“I spent two weeks finding a techie to send me a good CD, then the person went on vacation for two weeks without resending it. Finally, a month later, I received the CD,” she said.
Duncan’s series finally ran almost three months after she first requested the RMP summaries.
She never got the copies and never received an explanation. The EPA stopped returning calls, for the most part, and Duncan made do with her voluminous notes taken at the reading room.
“There are no smoking guns here, no vastly irresponsible companies, no cheating,” Duncan said. “What I did find was lax enforcement, lax oversight, failure to list schools within range of toxic chemicals, and the like. What we did was paint a picture of just how difficult it is for citizens to access information they need to provide accountability.”
Exactly. It is a picture we need to paint much more often, as vividly as Duncan and the Macon Telegraph have, the better to remind the public that freedom of information exists for them, not us.
Tagged under: FOI | <urn:uuid:8ebc1567-e323-4cd0-9a77-1c98583e7f28> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.quillmag.com/2005/04/01/reporter-s-tale-shines-light-on-foi-struggles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104293758.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220704015700-20220704045700-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972463 | 1,363 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The development of innovative biomass conversion technologies is of major importance in realising the European goal of 16% sustainable energy in 2020. These technologies allow the sustainable use of all the valuable components in biomass. Lignin is a very interesting component of lignocellulose biomass that can be converted into various valuable biobased products using the proper conversion technologies.
In the ligniFAME project Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research will work with industrial partners and another knowledge institute to study the use of lignocellulose resources for the sustainable production of energy (sources), fuel additives, materials and chemicals. It involves the so-called cascading principle: optimising the sustainable use of as many valuable components from biomass for valuable products.
Side streams from waste, agriculture and ethanol production
Within the project, Food & Biobased Research works with lignin-rich sources such as side streams from lignocellulose ethanol production, municipal waste, and other agro-residues. By using the available side streams, it is possible to gain practical experience in their conversion into valuable components that can be deployed for energy (sources), materials and chemicals. Lignin, a side stream that does not compete with food crops, is often seen as a waste product while this valuable biomass component can be used in a wide range of products.
Developing large-scale biorefinery activities
The specific goal of the project is to develop biorefinery activities from processes that are technologically and economically feasible. The consortium partners, which include the companies Progression Industry, ADM, Essent, FeyeCon and SOPREMA as well as knowledge institute ECN, have high expectation from this lignin biorefinery. They see many opportunities for biobased products: more sustainable additives for shipping fuel, valuable bioaromatics, bio-bitumen with possible LCA improvements as well as cost reductions and enhanced sustainability for the co-firing of lignocellulosic biomass in existing energy plants.
Wide range of biobased products
Progression Industry and Food & Biobased Research are coordinating the project and working on the development of technologies to convert lignin into marketable products such as gas, biochar, bioaromatics, fuel additives and bio-asphalt. For this purpose Food & Biobased Research is developing a new catalytic process to depolymerise lignin. Downstream processing activities of the desired product flows are being optimised in cooperation with various partners. Food & Biobased Research is also working with Progression Industry on the specific potential of bioaromatics for fuel additives. With SOPREMA we are looking into lignin fractions for asphalt products, while with Essent the focus is on studying the use of fractions for energy applications. The eventual goal of the project is to initiate an even larger programme in which the achieved results can be further developed. Leveraging on our lignin platform, Food & Biobased Research is taking the lead in the future trajectory of up scaling and optimising technologies together with industrial partners. | <urn:uuid:4f9ae9b2-478c-4805-9bc6-8aff2f633e21> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.wur.nl/nl/project/LigniFAME-biobased-fuel-additives-materials-and-energy-from-lignin.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247479101.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190215183319-20190215205319-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.920422 | 644 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Introducing the Photophone. Considered by the great inventor himself to be his “greatest achievement,” the photophone is a telecommunications device that uses light instead of electricity to transmit sound. Not only is this the first known instance of optical-audio communication, it is also the first wireless communication sent, beating the invention of radio by almost 20 years!
So how did this miracle invention work? Actually, the process is essentially the same one used in a regular telephone. In Mr. Bell’s own words “We have found that the simplest form of apparatus for producing the effect consists of a plane mirror of flexible material, such as silver mica or microscope-glass, against the back of which the speaker's voice is directed . . . . Under the action of the voice the mirror becomes alternately convex and concave and thus alternately scatters and condenses the light.” So instead of using modulated (varied) electrical impulses to convert sound to signal and back again, the photophone uses modulated light. This is accomplished by vibrating a reflective surface (such as a mirror) with sound while pointed at a receiving mirror that converts the pulses of light back into electrical impulses which are then played back on a speaker. The public demonstration of this incredible technology took place on February 19th, 1880 at Mr. Bell’s laboratory in Washington DC where the signal was transmitted over 700 feet.
So why are we still using wires for telecommunications instead of truly wireless devices? Probably for the same reason that we still don’t have practical wireless electricity, but that’s a topic for another article. While the invention was certainly successful, it did have serious practical limitations at the time. Chief among these was the reliance on sunlight to make a transmission and the fact that changes in the light introduced interference to the signal, as Mr. Bell noted when writing to his father about the invention. “I have heard articulate speech produced by sunlight! I have heard a ray of the sun laugh and cough and sing! . . . I have been able to hear a shadow, and I have even perceived by ear the passage of a cloud across the sun's disk.” While listening to the sound of clouds could be intriguing, it could also be annoying. Although Bell and his assistant, Charles Tainter, continued to develop over 50 different variations and refinements of the photophone, it was until the invention of fiber-optic cabling in the 1970s that their discovery could be put to practical use. By sending the light pulses along a glass fiber, interference is virtually eliminated, allowing for crystal-clear, long-distance communication. The fact that the world couldn’t see the potential of this discovery didn’t seem to dampen their spirits any, as Mr. Bell was so excited about it that he wanted to name his second daughter “Photophone,” but his wife gently discouraged that idea.
The photophone may not be a ubiquitous device today but its operating principle is used by nearly every person on the planet. Primary Internet traffic, or “backbone” is transmitted via photonic (light) impulses all over the world. Those cellphone towers you see dotting the landscape? Those are connected to the rest of the world via fiber optic cable. We owe a great deal of thanks Mr. Bell and Mr. Tainter!
Looking for a cool science experiment? You can build your own photophone with very simple materials. A modern version requires two speakers, a small mirror that can fit on one of the speakers, a small solar panel, a 0.1uF capacitor and an amplifier. Attach the mirror to one of the speakers, connect it to an audio source (like an MP3 player) and place it in the sunlight. Setup you solar panel several yards (or more) away and connect the capacitor to it. Then complete the connection from the capacitor to the amplifier (a simple headphone amplifier will do) and then plug in your second speaker to the amplifier. Now, point your speaker/mirror at the solar panel to shine light on it. Start the music playing and head over to your other speaker to listen on your very own photophone! Here’s a little video demonstration of one in action.
Do you have a question or topic you’d like us to address? Email and let us know! | <urn:uuid:15c04018-3c23-4a21-bf7c-c2c1d6531962> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.yellowstonecomputing.net/blog/whats-old-is-new-again-the-photophone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232255773.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190520061847-20190520083847-00410.warc.gz | en | 0.963257 | 901 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Approximately 40 percent of all food grown in the United States is thrown away before is even eaten. Then it goes to landfills and produces methane emissions which is a potent greenhouse gas, 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide.
The City of New York under its OneNYC sustainability vision and its Zero Waste Plan ambitiously aims to divert all the waste it produces from landfills by 2030, food waste included. At a hearing Tuesday, reps from the Mayor’s Office for Sustainability and advocates testified on where those ambitions stand.
As of today, the city diverts from landfills a small part of its food waste primarily through compost and organics collection programs, which are costly. Local Law 146 approved in 2013 mandates businesses producing large quantity of food waste to recycle most of it but the lack of facilities able to process food waste is preventing DSNY from enforcing the law and makes alternative strategies even more important.
Hence the interest in preventing food waste in the first place. “Like for energy, the best strategy for food waste reduction is to use less,” said Margaret Brown attorney for Natural Resources Defense Council. When this is not possible, food that hasn’t been consumed and is still edible should be redistributed to avoid collection and composting costs.
One key problem is that New York City doesn’t know how much edible food is wasted every year. The Mayor’s Office of Sustainability is working with the Rockefeller Foundation and Natural Resource Defense Council to undertake a food waste assessment, but in the meantime the lack of data makes it harder to implement effective solutions.
“You can’t manage what you can’t measure,” said Kate MacKenzie of City Harvest, the oldest food rescue organization in the city. City Harvest alone in the last year diverted from landfill 55 million pounds of edible food and fed 1.4 million New Yorkers who are food-insecure through soup kitchens and food pantries.
“To increase the untapped potential of food donors, we need large caterers to be part of the process,” MacKenzie said, “The food that hasn’t been put out on the serving line can still be used.”
A major reason why people and businesses throw away edible food is the confusing date labels on food products. Unlike many states, New York doesn’t have a label regulation, as a result expressions like “sell by,” “use by,” “best buy,” and “expires on” mean different things to different people.
“We can start setting the standard,” said Councilman Reynoso, who is pushing for a local law that he says would allow New York to lead the way to uniformed labels. “They [food manufacturers] we’ll conform because we are New York City,” said Reynoso.
A clear labeling initiative is the most cost effective of 27 potential solutions to the food waste problem and has the greatest economic value per ton of any other action, according to a recent ReFED report.
Some advocates worry, however, that a local law could generate confusion and instead support a proposed bill under scrutiny in Congress that would introduce two labels: one that says “expires on” for food that would be unsafe to eat after a certain date and another that says “best if used by” for everything else.
Whatever policy is adopted, the committee and the advocates agreed that a public-awareness campaign targeting businesses and consumers will be essential to success.
“Education is the magic bullet here,” said MacKenzie.
City Limits’ coverage of food policy is supported by the Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund. | <urn:uuid:7d85d9de-aa18-463c-92a0-cd0c3962fb0c> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://citylimits.org/2016/06/08/saving-nycs-food-waste-from-both-landfill-and-compost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221208676.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814062251-20180814082251-00379.warc.gz | en | 0.93894 | 780 | 3.421875 | 3 |
DRAW: RECTANGLE BETWEEN SELECTED LINES
RECL command draws a rectangle (or quadrilateral) between two selected lines or polyline segments. It allows you to close custom shaped holes easily.
DRAW: RECTANGLE WITH SPECIFIED AREA
RECA command allows you to draw rectangle with specified area. APLUS will ask for start point and then give you live preview of the rectangle.
POLYLINES: DRAW CEILING HOLE SYMBOL FROM SELECTED POLYLINE
With PLHO command you can draw ceiling hole symbol from selected polyline. APLUS will create new, closed polyline.
PLUMBING: DRAW DUCTS
After setting some parameters you may easily design ducts both inside and outside buildings. | <urn:uuid:bd41964a-2ff0-4da1-9fee-41d08c5b3753> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://cadaplus.com/help-features.php?lang=en&show=32768 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986653876.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014150930-20191014174430-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.791464 | 167 | 2.984375 | 3 |
This is about as nightmarish as it must get for snakes: Scientists have finally identified an ebola-related disease that causes snakes to tie themselves into knots, stare off into space, and waste away. The condition, which was first discovered in the 1980s, is called inclusion body disease (IBD), and is known to affect pythons and boa constrictors.
Writing in National Geographic, Ker Than describes how IBD causes bizarre behavioral abnormalities in snakes, including an inability to flip over when turned on their backs, and a condition known as "stargazing," which makes them stare off into space and weave their heads back and forth as if drunk. The virus also makes the snakes more susceptible to other diseases, such as bacterial infections in their mouths.
Snakes infected with the disease also refuse to eat, or regurgitate their food when they do — thus making them starve to death.
Scientists think that IBD causes the buildup of proteins in cells, and that it's transmitted from snake-to-snake. Than explains:
[Mark] Stenglein and his team analyzed the genetic material of snakes infected by IBD at the Steinhart Aquarium in San Francisco during a recent outbreak.
In addition to the known snake genome, they found genetic material belonging to a previously unknown virus.
It appears to be most closely related to a class of viruses known as arenaviruses, that have only been known to infect mammals, namely rodents and people. However, the new virus doesn't fit into the two categories of arenaviruses-New World and Old World-that are currently known.
The snake virus also contains a gene closely related to one found in the Ebola virus, which belongs to a different class known as filoviruses. Ebola, one of the most contagious known viruses, causes death through severe hemorrhaging when it infects humans.
The fact that that the new snake virus contains aspects of two completely different classes could mean that its origins stretch back tens of millions of years.
If that's true, the snake virus is at least 35 million years old, said Stenglein...
Image via National Geographic/Les Stocker, Oxford Scientific/Getty Images. Inset image via. | <urn:uuid:b1dacb66-33fa-407a-9ed0-b2589c20883b> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://io9.gizmodo.com/5937562/scientists-identify-virus-that-makes-snakes-tie-themselves-into-knots-and-starve-to-death | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805417.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119061756-20171119081756-00704.warc.gz | en | 0.975772 | 458 | 3.640625 | 4 |
John Burroughs the poet and naturalist once believed in God. Growing up on a farm in the Catskills, he delighted in the bumble bee.
Transcendence and joy filled his poems and essays. Nature was to be delighted in. Nature was evidence of a Creator! In a small rural community he would have listened to this read on Sundays:
O Lord, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth,
Who have set Your glory above the heavens!
2 Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants
You have ordained strength,
Because of Your enemies,
That You may silence the enemy and the avenger.
3 When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers,
The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,
4 What is man that You are mindful of him,
And the son of man that You visit him?
5 For You have made him a little lower than the angels,[b]
And You have crowned him with glory and honor.
6 You have made him to have dominion over the works of Your hands;
You have put all things under his feet,
7 All sheep and oxen—
Even the beasts of the field,
8 The birds of the air,
And the fish of the sea
That pass through the paths of the seas.
9 O Lord, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth!
John hung with Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Theodore Roosevelt. He never liked Thoreau who always had a lesson to teach.
And then John Burroughs read The Descent of Man and On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles Darwin. The writing style and the bracing new ideas changed him and he wrote:
“When I look up at the starry heavens at night and reflect upon what it is that I really see there, I am constrained to say, ‘There is no God.’ The mind staggers in its attempt to grasp the idea of a being that could do that. It is futile to attempt it. It is not the works of some God that I see there. I am face to face with a power that baffles speech. I see no lineaments of personality, no human traits, but an energy upon whose currents solar systems are but bubbles. In the presence of it man and the race of man are less than motes in the air. I doubt if any mind can expand its conception of God sufficiently to meet the astounding disclosures of modern science. It is easier to say there is no God. The universe is so unhuman, that is, it goes its way with so little thought of man. He is but an incident, not an end. We must adjust our notions to the discovery that things are not shaped to him, but that he is shaped to them. The air was not made for his lungs, but he has lungs because there is air; the light was not created for his eye, but he has eyes because there is light. All the forces of nature are going their own way; man avails himself of them, or catches a ride as best he can. If he keeps his seat he prospers; if he misses his hold and falls he is crushed. Mankind used to think that the dews and rains were sent for their benefit, and the church still encourages this idea by praying for rain in times of drought, but the notion is nearly dissipated.” The Light of Day by John Burroughs
And then there’s these words by Darwin himself: “Up until the age of thirty . . . poetry of many kinds, such as the works of Milton, Gray, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley, gave me great pleasure. But for years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry: I have tried lately to read Shakespeare and found it so intolerably dull that it nauseated me. I have also almost lost any taste for pictures or music.” Darwin’s autobiography | <urn:uuid:8a0202d9-adc5-4e5c-8c27-4cb7a40d7116> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://middlemaybooks.com/2014/10/08/earth-first/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038072180.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413092418-20210413122418-00597.warc.gz | en | 0.973229 | 847 | 2.515625 | 3 |
As a parent, I have always struggled with finding good books for my children that teach about the Bible. You may know what I’m talking about. When my girls were much younger, they received “The Little Girls Bible Storybooks” in their Easter basket and I committed to reading them a story each night. This was a grand idea because I wanted my children to be familiar with the Bible but I found that often they were too young to truly understand the stories as I attempted to explain words like pharaoh or why Abraham tied his son to the altar as a sacrifice. Know what I mean? Bible stories are important but sometimes not always age appropriate.
Cyndi came across some great ones while at a visit to her daughter’s home and since, has purchased several for our preschool library. And we are very happy with them!
I recently used one for a devotion lesson that the children seemed to really enjoy. It was called “The Lost and Found Lamb.” The shepherd had 100 sheep. One day he counted them only to find that he had 99. Most of them were there so did it really matter that one was missing? It did to the shepherd. He and his sheepdog looked everywhere for that missing sheep. As the story goes on, we read all the places he looked for that sheep until finally finding him and bringing him home to celebrate. Just like the shepherd, Jesus loves each and every single one of us. And he always knows where we are and promises to take good care of us. I used a puppet as I read the story and the children were enthralled.
If you were to use these books at home, they are interactive as they all include flaps that the children can help to lift and see what is underneath. The end of each book contains a Bible verse too.
I read another one yesterday in our 4/5 Enrichment class about Easter. It can be especially tough to find age appropriate books that tell the story of Easter but this one did so perfectly! Jesus died on the cross for us, was buried in a tomb when an earthquake happened! An angel came down and when the soldiers guarding the cave looked inside the tomb, it was empty! Jesus was alive! He visited his friends and told them to announce to everyone, “Tell everyone the good news!” Jesus has risen! He went to Heaven and that’s where we will all go someday!
We supplemented the Easter story yesterday by making resurrection rolls. This is another excellent tradition to begin in learning about the Easter story. The recipe is quick and easy and one that the children can do. You can find it here.
When my family got home from watching the KU game last night, we were delighted to find that our yard had been “egged.” There was a sign on our door explaining that twelve eggs were hidden in our yard. One was empty to remind us of Jesus’ empty tomb: He is Risen! Find the printable here.
The Bible storybooks can be found on Amazon if you click here. | <urn:uuid:592fe04b-9b75-41ee-bff9-7d5df6aebfb6> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://aldersgatepreschool.wordpress.com/2013/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668539.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114205415-20191114233415-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.98954 | 633 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Navratri is a celebration prevalently known as the celebration of love and dance. The word Navaratri in a real sense implies nine evenings in Sanskrit; Nava meaning Nine and Ratri meaning evenings. During these nine evenings and days, nine types of Shakti/Devi for example female heavenliness are loved. The nine-day celebration of Navratri is held out of appreciation for the nine signs of Goddess Durga.
The strict importance behind the festival of Navratri is that the nine days are partitioned and dedicated to the Trinity of God loved in a female structure.
In Hindu folklore, the celebration is immensely celebrated all throughout the planet as the triumph of good over abhorrent as the Goddess Shakti (Maa Durga) killed wild ox – the headed devil, Mahishasura after a long clash of nine days and night on the 10th day, which is praised as Vijaya Dashmi Such worship to Mother Goddess is novel to Hinduism. Also, Dussehra is commended around the same time as Lord Rama with the gifts of Maa Durga statue has prevailed upon Ravana. The celebration additionally denotes the appearance of the winter season, a period when nature goes through a few climatic changes. Goddess Shakti in the nine structures, Maa Shailputri, Maa Brahmachaarini, Maa Chandraghanta, Maa Kushmaanda, Skanda Maa, Maa Katyayani, Maa Kaalratri, Maa Mahagauri, and Maa Sidhidaarti is adored during these nine days for great heath, riches, thriving, information and promise.
Customs for performing Puja during Navratri
Navratri puja is straightforward and not exceptionally confounded. One can undoubtedly notice the quick; regardless of whether one can’t notice the quick he can basically present the mantra “Om Ang Haring Kalimg Shreeng Maha Durgay Namah”. One should cautiously work upon his/her aahar (food), vyavhaar (conduct), and acharan (character) during the hour of Navratri.
Aahar – One ought to consistently keep away from nonvegan food sources and “Satvik” food like natural products, Kutu Ka Aata, Singara Ka Aata, Curd, and Potatoes ought to be devoured. Use of Onion and Garlic ought to stay away from.
Vyavhaar and Achaean – During the Navratri celebration all aficionados should revere the female god with otherworldly feeling (bhava)
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Here is the strategy for performing Navratri Puja
Prepare your home cleaned and. You are welcoming Goddess into the home. Typically this is done on the Amavasya, a day prior to the start of Navratri.
On the main day of the Navaratri, a little bed of mud (assumed from any favorable position) is set up in the puja room of the house and grain seeds are planted over it. On this Bed, a Kalash made of Earthen/Copper is kept and loaded up with water. Over the pot a bowl loaded up with rice is kept. A dry Coconut wrapped with mango leaves is then kept over this Kalash. This Kalash is accepted to be a representative type of Goddess Durga. By keeping Kalash one invocates the goddess in the Kalash.
On the 10th day, the shoots are around 3 – 5 crawls long. After the puja, these seedlings are pulled out and given to lovers as a gift from god. This Kalash should not be contacted during the nine days. One Diya is lit near this Kalash which should consume perpetually for nine days. This is known as Akhand Jyoti.
Numerous individuals accept that the length of the Shoots decides the Quantum of pay that they will have incoming a half year. This conviction might have been on the grounds that India is essentially an agrarian economy wherein the efficiency of the land decided one’s pay.
The day starts with a presentation of Sanskrit songs by the aficionados; they offer supplication to the goddess. Kumari Puja or the love of young ladies as the mother goddess is an exceptional piece of the ceremonies saw in various conventional and family pujas.
The celebration of Navratri finishes in Mahanavami. On this day Kanya Puja is performed. Nine little youngsters addressing the nine types of Goddess Durga are loved. Their feet are washed as a characteristic of regard for the Goddess and afterward, they are offered food fundamentally comprising of Kala chana, halwa, and poori alongside coconut pieces and Dakshina (cash) and Red chunni is offered to the kanjaks.
After the nine days of Puja, on Dashami, the last day additionally called Vijaya Dashami, the pictures of Goddess Durga are conveyed in parades around the region by the lovers lastly are drenched in a close-by stream or lake.
Shades of Navratri
Durga Navratri is the most hallowed and most commended celebration season in India which has a special custom of shadings. Shadings additionally assume a fundamental part during this celebration. Individuals ought to select tones as per every part of Devi. The tones address the nine symbols or manifestations or appearances of Goddess Durga Maa.
The first day is added to Durga Shailputri. She is the little girl of Himalaya and the first among nine Durgas who holds Trishul in the correct hand and blossom in the left hand. Sporting White/Red shading will be favorable on this day
The second day implies Durga Brahamcharini. Here “Brahma” signifies “Tapa”. The symbol of this Goddess is accepted to be stunning giving the message of adoration to the entire world. There is a rosary (mala) in her correct hand and Kamandal in her left hand. She is full of cheerfulness. Individuals can sport Saffron/Peach/Light Yellow on the day
The third day is of Durga Chandraghanta. The Goddess builds up equity all over and wears the sickle moon on her temple. She is charming and splendid is situated on Lion and prepared for going in the battle to battle. She is an exceptional picture of courage. Donning White/Red tone on this day would be productive for the enthusiasts.
Devoted to Durga Kushmanda the day addresses the wellspring of giving fundamental necessities to all. This type of Durga is supposed to be the maker of the universe. Individuals should don a Blue/White/Saffron tone on this day.
The fifth day of Navratri means Durga Skanda. The Goddess gives the endowment of separation of right from wrong to the world. Sporting Green/Red/White shaded garments will be favorable for the aficionados.
The 6th day of Navratri is devoted to Durga Katyayani. It is accepted that Maa Katyayani determinedly fights against the shrewd and tricky elements. A Red/White tone ought to be utilized to wear on this day.
The seventh day of Navratri is committed to Durga Kalratri. Kalaratri is perhaps the fiercest type of Durga and her appearance itself summons dread. This type of Goddess is accepted to be the destroyer of all evil presence elements. Blue/Red/White tone ought to be utilized to wear on this day.
The eighth day of Navratri connotes Maha Gauri part of Goddess Durga. Durga Ashtami Puja is held in numerous pieces of India. Sporting Red/Saffron/Yellow/White/Pink tone would be promising for the fans on this day.
Committed to Goddess Siddhidatri type of Durga the day is additionally seen as Mahanavami in numerous pieces of the country. This type of Goddess Durga showers information which makes every spirit unadulterated. Individuals can sport Red/White tone on this day. | <urn:uuid:694c129e-ab0c-4e7f-ba8f-fcae8512eed0> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://scrips.io/blog/2021/04/19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991488.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515223209-20210516013209-00086.warc.gz | en | 0.935383 | 1,744 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Traditional Birthstone: Garnet
Modern Birthstones: Moss Agate, Opal, or Sugilite
January Birthstone - Garnet
Garnets aren’t just the dark red of your Grandmother’s jewelry. They come in a rich palette of colors: greens, oranges, pinkish oranges, deeply saturated purplish reds, and even some blues with color change.
Thousands of years ago, red garnets adorned Egyptian Pharaohs; Romans used them as signet rings to seal important documents. In the 1500s there was a discovery of Bohemian garnet deposits which adorned jewelry until the late 1800s. Since then, red garnets have fallen out of favor, they are generally less valued. That being said, most people are unaware that Pyrope garnets (red) color can rival ruby’s red!
Rhodolite Garnet3 was first discovered in the United States, in North Carolina to be exact. This is the most valuable of the red garnets. It has a lovely, vibrant purplish red hue. It can range from a purplish raspberry red to a light reddish purple.
There are more than twenty garnet species; some are the most valuable gems in the market place. Russians discovered Demantoid garnets2 (green) in the Ural Mountains in the mid-1800s.This Russian garnet has an interesting inclusion, called a horsetail. Horsetails are not found in any other green stones and since horsetail inclusions can increase Russian Demantoid’s value, cutters strive to display them. These garnets have a higher dispersion than a diamond! Czar Nicholas II commissioned his finest artists to create elaborate jewelry for his wife. Carl Faberge’s pieces for the Russian royal family have Demantoid garnets in them. A 4ct, oval cut Russian Demantoid at auction in 1998 went for $48,000. At that time $4,000 was considered a high price for a Demantoid.
Tsavorite garnet1 discovered in the 1960s is one of today’s most important green gemstones. Because of its growth structure, almost 85 percent of all Tsavorite rough yield cut stones of less than a carat. The green color is comparative with emerald, it is less included and more durable and seldom treated, so the color it is in the ground is the color you see in your jewelry.
Spessartite Garnets4 were discovered in the 1960s, they can range in color from yellowish orange through bright orange (like a popular soft drink), to an “aurora” red which is highly saturated, slightly reddish- orange hue. A great colored orange garnet will disappear in a dish of that popular soda.
According to the Bible, in the book of Exodus, the breastplate of Aaron has a setting of stones, even four rows: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle. A carbuncle is an ancient term for what was probably a ruby or a garnet.
Garnet is believed to aid blood, heart and lungs and is thought to promote romantic love, passion, sensuality, and intimacy. So, if you were thinking that your January birthstone is dull and unassuming, think again! | <urn:uuid:53cafb13-cd54-4647-aa86-5a0d1a1fe73c> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.distinctivegold.com/blog?post=2483 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144167.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200219184416-20200219214416-00436.warc.gz | en | 0.951703 | 691 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Bloat (Gastric Dilatation Volvulus, GDV, Torsion)
Gastric Dilatation with or without volvulus is a life-threatening disease. It occurs when the stomach of a dog dilates preventing food or gas from exiting. Symptoms may include a distended abdomen, distended tight abdomen (like a drum), dry retching, dry heaving, or non-productive vomiting. If caught early enough dogs may still be bright and alert, but if left alone tissue death occurs and some dogs can become comatose and die from the disease.
Deep-chested breeds seem predisposed to bloat. This may include but is not limited to Irish Wolfhounds, Great Danes, Dobermans, German Shepherd Dogs, and Greyhounds. The author has diagnosed bloat in a dachshund and cocker spaniel.
Bloat in dogs may or may not be associated with twisting or torsion of the stomach. In dogs, the stomach will become distended with air. If the stomach has not twisted, the pressure from the stomach can be high enough where the stomach walls are squeezed to the point of not receiving any blood flow. If the intra-abdominal pressure is high enough, blood flow to the heart from the abdomen will be halted.
If the stomach should flip 270-360 degrees, the esophagus and pylorus become twisted shut, the blood vessels become twisted or torn shut, and the stomach will become devitalized and necrotic – it will die.
Success of therapy is prompt and aggressive therapy which may or may not include surgery. Any patient suspected of bloat/gastric dilatation volvulus/GDV/torsion must be treated by a veterinarian immediately. A “wait and see” approach to a patient that has symptoms concerning of bloat may have disastrous consequences.
Medical therapy may require immediate and aggressive intravenous volume support, possibly trocharization of the stomach, or possible placement of an orogastric tube.
Surgical therapy may require all of the above including exploratory laparotomy, reduction of the stomach, gastropexy to prevent torsion (THIS WILL NOT PREVENT BLOATING) of the stomach, resection of any necrotic portions of the stomach, and further evaluation of all intra-abdominal organs including the spleen. If the spleen has been damaged during the abnormal displacement of the stomach, concurrent splenectomy may be necessitated. | <urn:uuid:8ff1d18a-3b51-45da-9685-bb6d241f581e> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://www.socvets.com/blog/bloat-in-dogs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257432.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523224154-20190524010154-00188.warc.gz | en | 0.902331 | 522 | 2.75 | 3 |
Reinstating the death penalty would violate Philippine’s international legal obligations, in particular, the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which the country has ratified.
The reasons behind the reinstatement of the death penalty are ill founded and purely a political one. Numerous studies and analysis have concluded that death penalty does not deter crime. Indeed, there has been no existing reliable evidence to prove otherwise.
ADPAN also wishes to highlight that the UN Office on Drugs and Crime has consistently called for the abolishment of death penalty on drug related offences, citing that such irreversible and oppressive laws are not an effective prevention and solution and it is not supported by international drug conventions.
It is also to be noted that on 11th January 2017, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand Mr Wisanu Krea-ngarm had said that Thailand would eventually do away with death penalty by trying to amend the law to find alternative to the capital punishment, taking into consideration the global trend on abolition.
The Malaysian government has also announced its intention to abolish the mandatory death penalty on drug offences while a comprehensive study is now underway that may also see the total abolition of the death penalty.
Philippine, if successfully revive the death penalty, would not only move backward in its human rights standards and obligations, and would also not be in line with the progress made by its neighboring countries towards the eventual abolition of death penalty.
ADPAN states its disappointment that this Bill to reinstate the death penalty is being rushed on 16 January 2017 when the House of Representative resumes, and urges all members of the House of Representative and Senate to consider it carefully and reject it, respecting and upholding the right to life.
Ngeow Chow Ying
For and on behalf of the ADPAN Executive Committee
15 January 2017
The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) is an independent cross-regional network committed to working for an end to the death penalty across the Asia Pacific region. ADPAN is made up of NGOs, organizations, civil society groups, lawyers and individual members, not linked to any political party, religion or government and campaigns against the death penalty. It currently has members in 28 countries: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Denmark, France, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Vietnam, UK, USA.
Post a Comment | <urn:uuid:28051ed5-bf81-44c1-ac2c-404113910d82> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | http://deathpenaltythailand.blogspot.com/2017/01/protest-to-philippine-parliament-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648858.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602204755-20230602234755-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.956525 | 529 | 2.625 | 3 |
On March 25 1775,Jacob Brown leased about 10,000 acres on the Nolichucky River west of the Blue Ridge from the Cherokees and shortly after began to sell tracts to pioneers migrating from the British Colonies.A couple weeks later, the Minutemen of the Massachusetts Colony clashed with the British at Lexington andConcord on April 19, 1775 to begin the American Revolutionary War.The thirteen British Colonies declared their independence on July 4,1776.We do not know when the Box family arrived in the Nolichucky River area that was west of the Blue Ridge and beyond Colonial rule.However, land records and some court records, dating from May 7, 1776 to September 17, 1779 show James Box, Robert Box, Edward Box, Henry Box,Joseph Box, andJohn Box were in the area during the Revolutionary war period.There are records which show Robert Box owning land adjacent to John Sevier and as a tax collector for Zacharias Isbell, both of whom were leaders of the pioneer settlement.
On June 12, 1783,Edward Box, JosBox, Joseph Box, Henry Box and John Box were all paid sums (that included some interest) by the North Carolina Revolutionary War Accounts that indicate they all made contribution of some type to the war effort west of the Blue Ridge.It is possible they were participants in Col. John Sevier’s forces inthe Battle of Kings Mountain or the forces of Capt. George Doherty that Col. John Sevier commissioned to deal with the Cherokees during the same time frame.Michael Box, whose pay from the North Carolina Revolutionary War Accounts indicate his contribution to the war effort occurred near Hillsborough, NC, did not appear in the records west of the Blue Ridge until after the war.
Records in South Carolina suggest a Robert Box, an Edward Box , a Henry Box, a Joseph Box and a John Box were sons of Robert and Phillis Box.There are court records that indicate Robert Box, Edward Box and Henry Box of the Nolichucky River area also resided in South Carolina after the war..
Verna Stone and I express our appreciation to Jackie Peters and Juliet Wills whose research and ideas contributed to this summary. | <urn:uuid:ce97d231-7e55-4574-9fab-68a54541e01c> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/box/2231/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423992.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722102800-20170722122800-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.956744 | 455 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Education is very important in our lives, a key to success. It is a powerful weapon that helps to change the world. “Right to Educate” is our basic right. A process of getting knowledge that helps to enhance the skill. one that plays a vital role to build our future. Education helps a person to get knowledge and improve confidence in life. The government leads in this sector as free schemes for the welfare of society. There is are a lot of Importance of Education in our Life”. Most importantly education means getting skills not degrees. An individual learns child-rearing through education.
Needs of An Education in our life
Education is one of the most things in our life. without education there is nothing. a person can change his/her whole life with education. one can chase and fulfill their dreams.
Makes Physically and Mentally Strong
Both healths improved via education. Apart from text syllabus studies in schools. Extra activities is added up in schools for the mental and physical health of the students. Many indoor and outdoor sports classes have been implemenented with a regular course. Which makes a student strong. Some of the students choose sports as their carrier so that it gives your an imaginary lifestyle and helps to chase your dreams of life.
Roles of Education
Education is a process of teaching and learning. that helps to build strong relationships between teachers and students. Some of the roles of the education process areas. First Domestic values. Most importantly it provides a better lifestyle. Fifthly, resolving real-world problems. Sixthly, jobs opportunities. The School system in India has two levels: primary and secondary. Students get education from school. Nowadays there are a variety of schools that help to grow. No of Institutes assist students for their future so as we have no. of Importance of education in our life.
Importance of Education in our Life-Ocean of learning
Education is like an ocean that has no boundaries. Likely education is an ocean whose content is fresh and running in nature. Increase your knowledge that never has a limit and bounds. Always doubled by spreading day by day. Not a thing that has an endpoint. Is a lifelong journey of an individual. Online and offline are two modes of education. Both modes deal with ways.
Education as a Business
In India where primary education remains a luxury for many and higher-quality education is too Costly. it has become the mode of business and profitable future investment for a businessman. Everyone invest in this for their personal and business growth not for the growth of the society. Education must be the same for all so that an individual can easily afford to pays. Nowadays people have a higher degree but lack knowledge and skills.
Importance of Education
An educated person can change the world with their skills, knowledge. Helps to changes the way of thinking, behaving towards society. Teaches us how to deal with problems of life in a positive way. Helps how to be strong and positive throughout the problems. There is no end to education you can start at any phase of your life. Education is the backbone that holds the future of an individual.
Female education plays an important role in the development of the country. Which should not be gender-based. A woman educates her whole family. in result, an Empowered women can change the lives of her others. Provide a better positive environment for the family inside a | <urn:uuid:8067009f-d5c6-45b5-952f-c23c1bcadaef> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://techedo.com/blog/importance-of-education-in-our-life-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100909.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209103523-20231209133523-00618.warc.gz | en | 0.968923 | 699 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The public is being urged to take part in a survey of hedgehogs to see if climate change is having an impact on their hibernation and survival.
It is thought the population may have dropped by a quarter in the last decade.
From a peak of 30 million across the country in the 1950s there may only be about 1.5 million now.
Dr Pat Morris mammal expert from London University explains why that may be happening and what they are asking people to do.
Get in touch with Today via
or text us on 84844. | <urn:uuid:1a363e74-996d-484c-a8ff-d8665b019e28> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9680000/9680488.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462232.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00322-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953194 | 113 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Forms of government are a tricky thing as human beings are involved. Dealing with human beings can be very hard and complicated and so successfully governing them isn’t always an easy feat. Life is not a science lab; you can’t simply test every possible form of government till you land on the one that works best. You can also not just assume that what works for people A will work for people B.
All forms of government have certain pillars upon which they’re built without which they will be a colossal failure. Every system has its evils, no form of government can be ideal but some work better for a certain people than others would.
Some famous forms of government are Democracy, Monarchy, Communism, Authoritarian rule and even Colonialism. Yes, colonialism was/is a form of government. Every one of them has its distinct features and principles upon which they are built.
Democracy is for the most part the most preferred or probably sold to us as the most ideal form of government. Government of the people, by the people, for the people, and which people wouldn’t want that much power? Or even just the idea of it? The human species has one thing in common, the love of control and democracy somehow sells that idea beautifully.
With the human society in constant evolution Democracy has evolved over time and most practicing countries, use Representative Democracy for the most part. The people have the power to vote their leaders and representatives as well as retain the power to vote them out. Those representing of course reflect the wishes of the people or at least they should.
This modus operandi stems from what I consider as the core principle of Democracy. A principle whose absence upsets everything entirely: “Citizen participation”. The people are the core of democracy, their participation is only but mandatory. Which brings me to the question above: do we deserve a democracy?
A surface view of our country would make one think everything is going on well, but a closer look will reveal a nation in serious regression or not to sound too harsh stagnation. Everything seems to be going the wrong way and it’s two things: inaction & wrong action.
We have a very old president who recently celebrated 40 years on seat, his successor the speaker of assembly frail for the most part (I’ve been tempted to research the accuracy of the human brain functioning with age), most of our ministers are 50 years old and above, majority of legislators in the same age group. Almost like you can’t be anything in this country unless you’re really old. One would almost think we are a country at war and all the youths die in battle hence the old who cannot fight take charge of affairs.
We suffer from corruption, embezzlement, bribery and every social ill I sang in national day songs back in the day.
Apparently, the tyrannic days of Ahidjo were better, some people even suggest, and one can’t help but think to that direction. We still have solid proof of his works in our day.
For a practicing democracy, where power is in the hands of the people one should ask what have the citizens done? What role do they play in all that is and all that is not? Are such a people worthy?
In democracy wrong action and in action can cost the country a whole lot.
Most Cameroonians are lukewarm or completely uninterested in country affairs. Elections are organized and we REFUSE to vote, we SELL our votes for “bread & sardine”, we pay no attention to the quality of candidates.
Information is contraband in this country. I know very few people will read up to this point despite this being a discussion we should have every now and then (great job if you’re here, keep the flame burning) as it helps us refocus.
Very few Cameroonians take any real interest in politics and policies. We even believe that politics is a “dirty game” and so shy away from it.
I once read a quote that said, ” Democracy is injustice of the majority on the minority”.
In a country like ours where the majority celebrates mediocrity, where the majority hates order, where the majority is uninformed and easily manipulated, where the majority cares less about country affairs, a scared majority, a too careful majority and yet this majority is charged with taking decisions.
Contrary to the smart minority, the concerned minority, the informed minority, the engaged minority, the bold and daring minority with no power.
Without its core principles, Democracy would be a bullet on the leg, stalling development and growth, breeding pain and chaos and turning everything sour.
Who would you rather wield the decisive governing power?
Are we truly worthy of a Democracy?
– Wandji Winifred | <urn:uuid:cbc828f9-bd86-4c5e-be74-48103370a717> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://poisesocial.com/do-we-deserve-a-democracy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644571.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528214404-20230529004404-00661.warc.gz | en | 0.961168 | 1,002 | 2.625 | 3 |
Electronic health records refer to health information in digital format. This enables doctors and nurses to share important patient information in different settings. This is made possible by medical technology. An individual patient’s health information is entered into the system through a computer and can be accessed by any doctor or nurse responsible for that particular patient’s well-being without the need to read tons of information written on paper.
When hospitals make use of electronic health records, they don’t have to worry about making any medical errors or loss of patient information because it is all kept in the cloud where it can easily be accessed anytime by any doctor or nurse. This type of system has replaced the old fashioned way of chatting patient information in hospitals. Doctors and nurses have full access to their patient’s confidential medical records 24/7 as it is all stored on hospital computers.
Some doctor’s hand-writings are illegible; this means that many people find it hard to read and understand what the doctor is trying to say, leading to fatal errors sometimes. By utilizing these modern health systems, lives are saved as there are little or no errors made in the hospitals every day. Modern systems have saved time and lives, and eliminated guess work in hospitals. This has significantly improved the way hospitals and clinics operate these days.
Medical billing software makes it easy for hospitals to provide their clients with error free reports on payment status. Hospital billing software allows office staff to bill their clients on time and effectively, and has reduced denials.
Medical processes using technology have been employed to improve the quality of service in modern hospitals as well as clinics. In recent years the need for high quality medical care has become increasingly clear in the United States and around the world. | <urn:uuid:c3884dc1-ce64-4115-b0f4-8474b007519b> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.reydereyesrenacer.org/medical-technology-in-hospitals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187821088.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017110249-20171017130249-00533.warc.gz | en | 0.964619 | 354 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Drawing architectural structures is a fun way to hone your artistic skills. Drawing a house is pretty common, so why not learn how to draw buildings instead? After all, everyone appreciates bustling urban scenery with high-rise skyscrapers. By learning How to draw Buildings in Simple Steps, you’ll have captivating artwork featuring city views right at your fingertips. Drawing architecture can make for fascinating art, especially if you follow Building Drawing Tutorial for Beginners for composition, perspective and process.
How To Draw Buildings In Simple Steps: For Beginners
1 Get Inspired
The best thing you can do before you start drawing architecture is to have a look at other artwork featuring buildings, especially if you’re new to the topic and not quite convinced it’s for you. Much like with Still Lifes, sometimes it just takes an open mind and a bit of research to find that something you usually don’t consider can make for a super interesting subject. So, before you dive deeper into the topic why not take a half-hour or so and have a look at some fantastic
2 Pick a Subject That Speaks To You
As mentioned above, architecture is a very broad term and encompasses a great many types of buildings and designs. Not everyone will take a liking to every style, and that’s perfectly fine. With a bit of patience and an open mind you’re sure to find something you can’t wait to get on paper. All you need to do is have a little wander. When planning How to draw Buildings in Simple Steps, find something that speaks to you, with no regard to what you think is the correct building to choose. If you like castles and English cottages in the snow, go for it. If you prefer glassy skyscrapers or iron bridges sure thing, sketch away.
3 Create an Interesting Composition
Since architecture is usually designed to be symmetrical drawing it from an angle can help your final work to look less flat and more interesting. You could walk around your building and see if there is a particular view that will just be perfect for your next masterpiece. Do always keep an eye on the background as well, as that can have a strong effect on a composition. There is no rule that you have to draw the entire building. You could
4 Decide On a Style
If you like to experiment, it can be great fun to try out different materials and find the one that can best portray the particular kind of architecture you are drawing. For example, a subtle coat of watercolour might work well with delicate Japanese temples, scratchy charcoal would be great for a wooden cabin and a neat pen could be good to portray a glass skyscraper. Even the most ordinary building can make for a fascinating sketch if the artist uses an interesting angle or medium. You can follow your usual style, or you can use an approach that reflects the kind of architecture you chose to portray, or even just your mood of the day. If you would like to relay a specific message, be it philosophical or political, think about how you can best do so with the materials you selected. Naturally, when looking for Building Drawing Tutorial for Beginners, there are also no rules stating that you have to use the colour that reflects reality. For some absolutely breathtaking examples of good architecture art and impressive use of medium versus building, the style has a look at the work of Malaysian artist Ch’ng Kiah Kiean.
5 Work Out The Perspective
Once you’ve decided on a subject, medium, style and view you’ll want to work out what perspective rules you’ll need to apply in order to draw it correctly. Of course it helps if you know a little about perspective. The easiest way to work out the perspective of a subject from your point of view is to make a quick thumbnail sketch or check out How to draw Buildings in Simple Steps online; like the kind you did to work out the composition. Just sketch your building very roughly and find where the horizon line is or would be, if it’s not visible). Then look for convergence lines and vanishing points. Are you dealing with one-point, two-point or multi-point perspectives? Is there any atmospheric perspective? Are any parts of your subject overlapping other parts? You can also use your pencil to sight-size, to roughly measure the height or width of one element of your drawing and compare it to other parts to work out the proportions. E.g. the door might fit five times into the height of the house, making it easier for you to draw it.
6 Draw The Main Structure
Once you’ve worked out the above points which might take a while or it might be a very fast process, you can begin with your final piece. Good thing you’ve already done that thumbnail sketch and know roughly where your horizon and vanishing points (VPs) are located, because that’s what you’ll be drawing first. Mind you, the VPs won’t always be on the page, depending on the kind of perspective used. However, it’s still important to have a rough idea which direction they are and how far away. You can check out Building Drawing Tutorial for Beginners where you can use very thin lines for your basic structure means they won’t be noticeable in the final work or it’s easier to erase them. When you’re done you can start adding in the main shapes of your subject, such as the rough outlines of a house or the direction the street is running. You can use your horizon line and VPs to work out the convergence lines that’ll act as guides to get the angles right.
7 Divide The Big Shapes Into Smaller Shapes
This is where your sketch begins to take form, where things start to look like what you’re actually drawing. When you’ve got your basic, big shapes down, correct them where needed, then divide them into smaller shapes. For instance when you check out How to draw Buildings in Simple Steps you will find that for a standard house that would mean adding in the roof, the position of the windows and doors. You’ll also want to start indicating large objects like trees, fences, cars or background shapes. Use the vanishing points as guides as long as you need them, they’ll help you confirm what you think you see and figure out how far your eye can be trusted. Of course you can also always use your pencil to measure angles with an outstretched arm. When you divide very complex subjects into smaller shapes, such as Greek temples with all those columns or Gothic cathedrals with their elaborate ceilings, add some rough detail as you go along. That might be a person at the foot of a column or a stem of ivy curling around a small part of it. It’ll work as an anchor point and prevent you forgetting where in your subject these lines and shapes were and get all confused with the complexity of it.
8 Add Interest With Detail
As always, the final step is to make your work look all pretty. When the basic structure stands, you know where everything is and you’re sure the perspective is correct. Then you can start adding in some detail to make the drawing or painting special. Here you can add in the shading and all those smaller shapes that you will find when looking for Building Drawing Tutorial for Beginners. You can add interest to your work, such as window shutters, chimneys, door knockers, people, bushes, clouds. In rougher sketches, you can easily make some stylistic adaptions yourself, even if drawing from imagination isn’t your forte. You can add some texture, if you want, like brickwork, woodwork, leaves, reflections and so on. And now is the time when you go all out with the paints, if you chose to use any. | <urn:uuid:2809f7ba-3782-4d90-99d0-974c420b3ddd> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://obsigen.ru/how-to-draw-buildings-in-simple-steps-for-beginners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585302.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020055136-20211020085136-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.944112 | 1,627 | 3.25 | 3 |
What Is Standard Error? | How to Calculate (Guide with Examples)
The standard error of the mean, or simply standard error, indicates how different the population mean is likely to be from a sample mean. It tells you how much the sample mean would vary if you were to repeat a study using new samples from within a single population.
The standard error of the mean (SE or SEM) is the most commonly reported type of standard error. But you can also find the standard error for other statistics, like medians or proportions. The standard error is a common measure of sampling error—the difference between a population parameter and a sample statistic.
Why standard error matters
In statistics, data from samples is used to understand larger populations. Standard error matters because it helps you estimate how well your sample data represents the whole population.
With probability sampling, where elements of a sample are randomly selected, you can collect data that is likely to be representative of the population. However, even with probability samples, some sampling error will remain. That’s because a sample will never perfectly match the population it comes from in terms of measures like means and standard deviations.
By calculating standard error, you can estimate how representative your sample is of your population and make valid conclusions.
A high standard error shows that sample means are widely spread around the population mean—your sample may not closely represent your population. A low standard error shows that sample means are closely distributed around the population mean—your sample is representative of your population.
You can decrease standard error by increasing sample size. Using a large, random sample is the best way to minimize sampling bias.
Standard error vs standard deviation
- The standard deviation describes variability within a single sample.
- The standard error estimates the variability across multiple samples of a population.
The standard deviation is a descriptive statistic that can be calculated from sample data. In contrast, the standard error is an inferential statistic that can only be estimated (unless the real population parameter is known).
Standard error formula
The standard error of the mean is calculated using the standard deviation and the sample size.
From the formula, you’ll see that the sample size is inversely proportional to the standard error. This means that the larger the sample, the smaller the standard error, because the sample statistic will be closer to approaching the population parameter.
Different formulas are used depending on whether the population standard deviation is known. These formulas work for samples with more than 20 elements (n > 20).
When population parameters are known
When the population standard deviation is known, you can use it in the below formula to calculate standard error precisely.
When population parameters are unknown
When the population standard deviation is unknown, you can use the below formula to only estimate standard error. This formula takes the sample standard deviation as a point estimate for the population standard deviation.
First, find the square root of your sample size (n).
Next, divide the sample standard deviation by the number you found in step one.
The standard error of math SAT scores is 12.8.
How should you report the standard error?
You can report the standard error alongside the mean or in a confidence interval to communicate the uncertainty around the mean.
The best way to report the standard error is in a confidence interval because readers won’t have to do any additional math to come up with a meaningful interval.
A confidence interval is a range of values where an unknown population parameter is expected to lie most of the time, if you were to repeat your study with new random samples.
With a 95% confidence level, 95% of all sample means will be expected to lie within a confidence interval of ± 1.96 standard errors of the sample mean.
Based on random sampling, the true population parameter is also estimated to lie within this range with 95% confidence.
For a normally distributed characteristic, like SAT scores, 95% of all sample means fall within roughly 4 standard errors of the sample mean.
|Confidence interval formula|
CI = x̄ ± (1.96 × SE)
x̄ = sample mean = 550
|Lower limit||Upper limit|
x̄ − (1.96 × SE)
550 − (1.96 × 12.8) = 525
x̄ + (1.96 × SE)
550 + (1.96 × 12.8) = 575
With random sampling, a 95% CI [525 575] tells you that there is a 0.95 probability that the population mean math SAT score is between 525 and 575.
Other standard errors
Aside from the standard error of the mean (and other statistics), there are two other standard errors you might come across: the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of measurement.
The standard error of the estimate is related to regression analysis. This reflects the variability around the estimated regression line and the accuracy of the regression model. Using the standard error of the estimate, you can construct a confidence interval for the true regression coefficient.
The standard error of measurement is about the reliability of a measure. It indicates how variable the measurement error of a test is, and it’s often reported in standardized testing. The standard error of measurement can be used to create a confidence interval for the true score of an element or an individual.
Frequently asked questions about standard error
- What is standard error?
- What’s the difference between standard error and standard deviation?
- What’s the difference between a point estimate and an interval estimate?
- A point estimate is a single value estimate of a parameter. For instance, a sample mean is a point estimate of a population mean.
- An interval estimate gives you a range of values where the parameter is expected to lie. A confidence interval is the most common type of interval estimate.
Both types of estimates are important for gathering a clear idea of where a parameter is likely to lie. | <urn:uuid:cffb3a56-aa86-47ed-9936-44eb2b149d09> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/standard-error/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103347800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628020322-20220628050322-00323.warc.gz | en | 0.853902 | 1,292 | 4.25 | 4 |
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Vocational/Accounting
| North American Division
|| Skill Level 3
Year of Introduction: 1938
- 1 Complete a high school or college course in accounting OR the following requirements:
- 2 1. What is accounting?
- 3 2. What are some functions of an accountant?
- 4 3. Define the following accounting terms:
- 5 4. What are some advantages of computerized accounting?
- 6 5. What type of education and skills are necessary to be an accountant?
- 7 6. What certifications are available for accountants? How do they differ from earning a college degree in accounting?
- 8 7. Identify and define at least ten accounting career disciplines.
- 9 8. Individually or as a group, discuss the biblical principles of each of the following texts, drawing comparisons to the field of accounting:
- 10 9. Briefly describe the difference between an individual who is a “millionaire” versus an individual with a net worth of a million dollars. Include a discussion of liquid and non-liquid assets.
- 11 10. Complete three of the following:
- 11.1 a. Reconcile bank balance to book balance in checking accounts, including deposit in transit, service charge, returned NSF, interest on account, and checks in transit.
- 11.2 b. Show transactions necessary for acquisition or deposit of assets, and acquisition and disposal of liability. Show transactions necessary to close income and expense accounts at year-end.
- 11.3 c. Be able to write an income statement from a trial balance.
- 11.4 d. Be able to correctly classify balance sheet items with short-term asset, long-term asset, contra asset, short-term liability, long-term liability, and equity.
- 12 References
|The requirements below are for the North American Division . This honor has different requirements for the General Conference .|
This Honor is a component of the Technician Master Award.
Complete a high school or college course in accounting OR the following requirements:
Completing a course is the best way to really learn accounting. If attending school is not convenient, consider distance education. The requirements below represent some of the main skills you will learn in an accounting course.
If you insist on self study, get a good accounting textbook to read and work out problems in it. | <urn:uuid:88cbde48-78e3-451c-8554-f284bebef232> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | http://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/w/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Vocational/Accounting_(North_American_Division) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371876625.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200409185507-20200409220007-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.89069 | 500 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Q&A: What Happens During An Ultrasound?
When will I have my first ultrasound, and what are they looking for?
Maybe your first trimester, maybe the second. Ultrasound uses sound waves and echoes to create a moving image of your fetus and show what’s going on inside your womb. (Quick vocab lesson: Ultrasound is the procedure; sonogram is the image it creates.) Some docs routinely perform first trimester ultrasounds between weeks 4 and 12 to confirm the fetus’ age. Or, your doc might perform one in the first trimester only if there are signs of multiples, miscarriage or ectopic or molar pregnancy.
Between weeks 18 and 22, most women have a more detailed level two ultrasound. Now, your doc is checking for fetal heartbeat, location, breathing, movement and size, placenta location, amount of amniotic fluid, abnormalities and yes, gender. Look forward to the fuzzy picture you’ll get to take home as a souvenir of baby’s first photo session.
Throughout your pregnancy, your doc might order additional ultrasounds to check on any issues or possible complications. Or, you might not have one at all — according to the March of Dimes, only 70% of pregnant women have the procedure. In low-risk pregnancies, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends ultrasound should only be used to answer specific medical questions (not as routine procedure). Don’t let that scare you, though — of the multitude of large studies performed over the last 30 years, none have linked ultrasound to any harmful effects, for you or your fetus. | <urn:uuid:b4c53b82-c263-4af8-a8a0-7e28b01439be> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.thebump.com/a/what-happens-during-an-ultrasound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644064590.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00226-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915536 | 343 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Man Ray. Le violin de Ingres. 1924. [Source: Google Images/Man Ray Trust]
Doctoring photographs was nothing new when Man Ray created this iconic image in 1924. Photographers had been retouching photos ever since Niépce and Daguerre invented the medium in the early 1800s. Indeed, an early test of the “art” in photography was evidence of the photo-maker’s hand in the print. It was understood to be a sleight of hand, known to discerning connoisseurs but not to the public at large. What was astounding and revolutionary about Man Ray’s work was the obvious irony of his manipulation. To impose anachronism on it, Le violin de Ingres can be viewed as the Mother of All Photo-shopped Images. | <urn:uuid:169bd383-17ac-40f5-80a7-100c0cedcf8d> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://blindflaneur.com/2008/02/06/imaging-paris-le-violin-de-ingres/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612008.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529014619-20170529034619-00116.warc.gz | en | 0.967197 | 170 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In order to enjoy a beautiful pond with clear water, experienced pond owners will start the pond season in the spring - at a time long before people are considering swimming. In addition to the necessary maintenance measures, the pond can also be perfectly prepared by using Multikraft
microorganisms in a simple and natural way. Here are some tips for a clear pond season.
To start off
The condition of a body of water is always a matter of nutrient balance. It is therefore necessary to remove nutrients that are in the form of old biomass. Above all, dead water plants as well as foliage should be removed by March to April, because otherwise the plant parts decompose and the nutrients bound in it dissolve in the water body and are available for future algae growth.
By cutting back the water plants, growth is stimulated and dead plant parts are easier to remove. This time can also be used to separate aquatic plants that developed well in the last season and replenish areas where aquatic plants have died with new plants.
In the spring old sediments - especially in the swimming area - can also be suctioned away. This also reduces the nutrient content in the pond. Due to the sediments, the suctioned water is very nutrient-rich and can be used in the garden to fertilise it. Some pond owners wrap the head of the sludge suction cleaner with a net. This prevents it from suctioning newts, dragonfly larvae, and other pond inhabitants that are in the sediment. To prevent damage to the young shoots of aquatic plants, these maintenance measures should be carried out by the beginning of May at the latest.
As part of these measures, the pond liner should be checked around the edges for whether ice formation has caused damage. If the pond does not have a capillary barrier, the gravel fill around the edges should be checked once a year to check that it has not grown together with moss or other plants. This can cause nutrients from the environment to enter the pond when there is precipitation or humid conditions. In the case of ponds with filter material, the filter should be cleaned or backwashed at the beginning in order to prevent the nutrients from redissolving.
Multikraft spring treatment
After these first steps, the spring treatment can be carried out with Multikraft microorganisms, ZeoBas ultra-fine, and EM Ceramic Powder. These three products are mixed and diluted with a little pond water and spread using a watering can with a hole attachment over the entire regeneration area.
The spring treatment promotes the development of aquatic plants and prevents decay from forming. If decay occurs in the sediment or substrate of the aquatic plants, nutrients are released into the body of water and provided to the algae for future growth. EM Ceramic is best placed in flow-through areas such as watercourses or skimmers. It supports the effect of the Multikraft microorganisms and additionally provides pleasantly soft water by reducing the surface tension. Since bee pollen is very nutrient-rich, intense atmospheric input can pollute a pond. This can be remedied by using a skimmer that runs over a fine filter.
What to do with pond inhabitants?
For ponds with a fish population, work on the pond should start only when the water temperature is above 10°C and the fish are active again. The fish should only be fed at a constant water temperature from 12°C, otherwise the fish cannot utilise the feed. In the worst case, this could even lead to illness or death. If the water is too cold, the food is not accepted by the animals, sinks to the bottom, and begins to rot. This again promotes conditions under which algae as well as fish diseases can develop more easily.
In fish ponds, the use of the Multikraft microorganisms creates a milieu that promotes animal health and the balance of the pond.
Focus on the pond
With these maintenance measures in the spring, pond owners lay the foundation for a perfect pond season with clear water. Since each pond has its own character due to its location and circumstances, it should always be considered individually. Multikraft consultants are happy to provide further tips for the respective requirements or for specific questions about pond care.
Natural and man-made ponds that exhibit excessive algae growth, severe cloudiness, or odour can be restored to their natural balance by using Multikraft technology. Multikraft microorganisms prevent rot from developing. As a result, fewer nutrients are released into the water body and algae growth is reduced.
A spring treatment with EM Active, ZeoBas ultra-fine, and EM Ceramic Powder creates an environment in which aquatic plants can develop better and thus extract more nutrients from the water body. Furthermore, by using Multikraft microorganisms sludge and sediment can be reduced. These are ideal conditions for clear water and a smooth pond season.
Any questions? Our Multikraft partners will be happy to advise you.Find retailer in your area | <urn:uuid:f022ff9f-9070-4d8d-a917-f93424deecef> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.multikraft.com/en/blog/umwelt-natur/how-to-have-a-healthy-pond-tips-for-maintenance-in-the-spring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991553.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20210510235021-20210511025021-00136.warc.gz | en | 0.937067 | 1,007 | 2.875 | 3 |
Global warming used to be the defining term to represent the increase in the average temperature of the earth during the past 100 years. Recently, the more politically popular term, climate change, has replaced global warming. Why? One main reason is because the earth is currently cooling.
“Global warming” obviously entails global average temperature increase, whereas “climate change” is about much more than just temperature. “Climate change” can represent just about anything, which is handy when the earth doesn’t happen to cooperate with climate models predicting future climate catastrophe. If the earth gets too cold, if it gets too hot, if there happens to be a slight increase or decrease in storm/drought/precipitation frequency or intensity, all of these events can be blamed on “climate change.”
It is hard to advocate for overbearing regulations that attempt to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions when global temperatures have been stable or declining. In fact, in at least the last seven years, global temperatures have declined, despite increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. As it turns out, the term “global warming” is a little inconvenient for doomsayers predicting runaway global temperatures. Using the term “climate change” supports the modern-day witch hunt that allows any weather anomaly to be blamed on human activity.
The truth is that climate always changes. Every year, decade, and century is different from the last. If climate policies are honestly aimed at reducing global temperatures, then governments should stick to the term “global warming,” instead of using the ambiguous term “climate change” to regulate every sector of the economy, regardless of the actual temperature of earth. | <urn:uuid:b3dc33fa-8248-4220-b470-cd7ba83dd6d2> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://cascadepolicy.org/blog/2009/06/18/global-warming-no-it-is-now-called-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398444047.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205404-00262-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908541 | 349 | 3.328125 | 3 |
You may have heard about Google’s new Chrome OS operating system, but did you know there are some things you can’t do about it?
The Chromebook is a small computer that runs Google’s Chrome web browser. It has no physical keyboard, mouse, or screen, so everything must be done through the web browser.
Here’s how to copy and paste text from one app to another.
If you’re using a Chromebook, you’ll need to use the “copy” command to save something to your clipboard. Then, when you want to paste something into an application, just select the item from your clipboard and press Ctrl+V (or Command+V on Mac). This will automatically paste whatever was copied to your clipboard.
Press Ctrl+Shift+C (or Command+Option+C) to copy text.
If you’re looking for more ways to work with your Chromebook’s keyboard shortcuts, check out our guide here.
Press Ctrl+V (Command+V) to paste it into another app.
In addition to using the keyboard shortcut, you can also copy text by pressing Command+C (Ctrl+C). Then, just press Enter to paste it into another application.
Click on Menu icon at the top right corner of the screen.
From there, click on “More Tools” and then select “Copy.”
Select “Paste” or “Paste as plain text.”
Now, paste the copied text into any other application. If you’re using Microsoft Word, simply press Ctrl+V (or Command+V) to paste the text. If you’re using another program, check out our guide to copying and pasting on Windows. | <urn:uuid:c417fe63-f31f-4639-a35c-6e510901f424> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://wisesofttech.com/how-to-do-copy-and-paste-on-chromebook/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.839655 | 372 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.[page needed] Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups relative to their own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity. Ethnocentrism may be overt or subtle, and while it is considered a natural proclivity of human psychology, it has developed a generally negative connotation. Origins of the concept and its study William G.
Self-esteem History The identification of self-esteem as a distinct psychological construct is thought to have its origins in the work of William James (1892). James identified multiple dimensions of the self, with two levels of hierarchy: processes of knowing (called the 'I-self') and the resulting knowledge about the self (the `Me-self'). Observation and storage by the I-self create three types of knowledge, which collectively account for the Me-self, according to James. These are the material self, social self, and spiritual self. The social self comes closest to self-esteem, comprising all characteristics recognized by others.
Narcissus (mythology) Narcissus by Caravaggio depicts Narcissus gazing at his own reflection. Тhe myth of Narcissus has inspired artists for at least two thousand years, even before the Roman poet Ovid featured a version in book III of his Metamorphoses. This was followed in more recent centuries by other poets (e.g. Keats and Alfred Edward Housman) and painters (Caravaggio, Poussin, Turner, Dalí (see Metamorphosis of Narcissus), and Waterhouse). In Stendhal's novel Le Rouge et le Noir (1830), there is a classic narcissist in the character of Mathilde. Superficial charm Superficial charm (or glib charm) is the tendency to be smooth, engaging, charming, slick and verbally facile. The phrase often appears in lists of attributes of psychopathic personalities, such as in Hervey M. Cleckley's The Mask of Sanity, and Robert D. Hare's Hare Psychopathy Checklist.
Hubris Hubris (/ˈhjuːbrɪs/, also hybris, from ancient Greek ὕβρις), means extreme pride or self-confidence. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities, especially when the person exhibiting it is in a position of power. The adjectival form of the noun hubris is "hubristic". Ancient Greek origin In ancient Greek, hubris referred to actions that shamed and humiliated the victim for the pleasure or gratification of the abuser. The term had a strong sexual connotation, and the shame reflected on the perpetrator as well. Egocentrism Egocentrism is the inability to differentiate between self and other. More specifically, it is the inability to untangle subjective schemas from objective reality; an inability to understand or assume any perspective other than their own. Egocentrism and absolutism differ in the sense that an egotist's opinion must always allow everything to center around themselves, while an absolutist can form an opinion that does not center themselves, yet believes their idea and opinion is non contest. Although egocentric behaviors are less prominent in adulthood, the existence of some forms of egocentrism in adulthood indicates that overcoming egocentrism may be a lifelong development that never achieves completion. Therefore, egocentrism is found across the life span: in infancy early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. It contributes to the human cognitive development by helping children develop theory of mind and self-identity formation. See also
ICBS Everywhere › Narcissism + Incompetence = Ignorance and More Incompetence Last month I attended the Annual Convention of the Western Psychological Association (WPA), at which two of my students were scheduled to present research. I will spare you the five-page (single-spaced) description of my peril-fraught journey to Cancun and the disappointment of losing the posters along the way and just tell you that I am very proud of how my students handled it. Totally unrelated lizard image. If you close your eyes, you might be able to imagine a beautiful poster with a couple of people standing in front of it. However, instead of our ugly makeshift poster, you can look at a great shot of an iguana that my co-author Dylan Keenberg took on our excursion to Tulum.
Dark triad The dark triad is a group of three personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. The use of the term "dark" reflects the perception that these traits have interpersonally aversive qualities: Narcissism is characterized by grandiosity, pride, egotism, and a lack of empathy.Machiavellianism is characterized by manipulation and exploitation of others, a cynical disregard for morality, and a focus on self-interest and deception.Psychopathy is characterized by enduring antisocial behavior, impulsivity, selfishness, callousness, and remorselessness. All three traits have been associated with a callous-manipulative interpersonal style. Jakobwitz and Egan carried out a factor analysis and found agreeableness strongly dissociated with these traits, and other factors, such as neuroticism and a lack of conscientiousness, associated with some traits. History Subclinical dimensions vs. disorders
Technocentrism Technocentrism is often contrasted with ecocentrism. Ecocentrics, including deep ecologists, see themselves as being subject to nature, rather than in control of it. They lack faith in modern technology and the bureaucracy attached to it. Ecocentrics will argue that the natural world should be respected for its processes and products, and that low-impact technology and self-sufficiency is more desirable than technological control of nature. Technocentrism may also refer to a worldview that revolves around technology. Many children today could be considered to be technocentric since that is the way they oftentimes learn new information and interact with the world.
Theory of mind Definition Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is not directly observable. The presumption that others have a mind is termed a theory of mind because each human can only intuit the existence of his/her own mind through introspection, and no one has direct access to the mind of another. It is typically assumed that others have minds by analogy with one's own, and this assumption is based on the reciprocal nature of social interaction, as observed in joint attention, the functional use of language, and the understanding of others' emotions and actions. Having a theory of mind allows one to attribute thoughts, desires, and intentions to others, to predict or explain their actions, and to posit their intentions. Theory of mind appears to be an innate potential ability in humans; one requiring social and other experience over many years for its full development. Different people may develop more, or less, effective theories of mind.
Dunning–Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which low-ability individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly assessing their ability as much higher than it really is. Psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger attributed this bias to a metacognitive incapacity, on the part of those with low ability, to recognize their ineptitude and evaluate their competence accurately. Their research also suggests corollaries: high-ability individuals may underestimate their relative competence and may erroneously assume that tasks which are easy for them are also easy for others. Dunning and Kruger have postulated that the effect is the result of internal illusion in those of low ability and external misperception in those of high ability: "The miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others | <urn:uuid:23514d96-b08a-4022-ae72-d7e66eb35389> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://www.pearltrees.com/u/7197067-narcissism-encyclopedia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946453.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424022317-20180424042317-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.939288 | 1,671 | 3.515625 | 4 |
In 1909, Taft took off to Atlanta, Georgia, where the local Chamber of Commerce hosted him with the traditional 'possum and 'taters. The dish is basically to put the possum on the sweet potato and then put it on the table. Suddenly, the orchestra sounded and the guests began to sing, and then they presented another gift: a possum doll.
This toy was completely original to the locals. Later, the team of Taft took the toy "Billy Possum" to try to replace the teddy bear. "LA Times" also reported that Billy Possum has replaced the status of teddy bear stuffed animal
. In the next four or even eight years, American children would hold Billy possums.
At the time, Billy Possum did set off a wave and toy stores from New York to San Francisco are all on sale. But you probably know the ending of Billy Possum, because people in our time have never heard of this toy! In fact, in just a few months, Billy possum was completely forgotten by consumers, and the craze did not even last until the Christmas of the year!
Later generations have several explanations for why plush teddy
has always been popular, but Billy possum has survived for a year. One of the arguments is simple, that is, Billy possum is too ugly. Others think that this is related to the story of the origin of the two toys. After all, the story of the origin of the teddy bear shows the compassionate spirit of President Roosevelt, and the Taft is just sitting there and eating the possum.
What more people don't know is that the story of President Roosevelt and the little mother bear did not seem so warm on the surface. Old Roosevelt is a hunter after all. He is not an animal conservation expert. Although he refuses to shoot the mother bear, his compassion is very narrow. After he put down the gun, he immediately turned his head and said to the assistant "to solve his pain." The assistant immediately cut the neck of the mother bear with a sharp edge.
Later, they took the mother bear back to the camp and enjoyed a few days of bear meat. Ironically, on the last day of the hunting trip, they just finished eating the mother bear, baking the bear's paw, and the dishes on the side are 'possum and 'taters.
I didn't expect the story behind the teddy bear to be full of blood...
Despite this, teddy bears have become popular in the world. Many children and even 20- to 30-year-old adults'sleeping companions are still plush teddy bears who have been with them for many years. They find that they are used to sleeping with them. Without it, they can't sleep at all. The raw materials of the teddy bears produced by YZJOYTOYS are in full compliance with EU and American standards. Sleeping with a teddy bear and even a teddy bear bite will not cause any harm. We accept all OEM processing and can design your own unique teddy bear according to your preferences. | <urn:uuid:953674fa-cd0b-46d8-ad8d-cc48aeff951e> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.yzjoytoys.com/blog/why-is-the-teddy-bear-called-teddy-bear-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348504341.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200605205507-20200605235507-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.979379 | 637 | 2.984375 | 3 |
May 31st, 2011
01:08 PM ET
The first Sectary of Commerce was William C. Redfield in 1913, a magnate of the Iron and Steel industry and author of the book, “The New Industrial Day.”
The longest serving Commerce Secretary was Herbert Hoover, who oversaw the Department in the pre-Great Depression boom years of 1921-1928. Hoover went on to become President of the United States in 1929.
The first woman Commerce Secretary was Juanita Kreps, who served from 1977-1979.
The first African American Commerce Secretary was Ronald Brown, who served from 1993-1996. Brown was killed in a plane crash in 1996.
Source: Commerce Department | <urn:uuid:a576a7d0-1936-4489-9c7b-d4f21d563c2b> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/31/did-you-know-fun-facts-on-commerce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689779.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923213057-20170923233057-00644.warc.gz | en | 0.967682 | 144 | 2.53125 | 3 |
As health authorities raced to find the source of the unprecedented E. coli epidemic sweeping through Germany this past spring, epidemiology was faulted when the first case-control study erroneously pointed to cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce as possible suspects.
But it was microbiology, not epidemiology, which implicated the wrong vegetable. After lab tests found pathogenic E. coli on four cucumbers, three of them from Spain, it took days to determine that the contaminated Spanish cucumbers did not carry E. coli O104:H4, the unusual outbreak strain.
In the end it was epidemiology, not tell-tale DNA evidence, that showed the probable source of more than 4,300 illnesses and at least 55 deaths was organic sprouts grown from tainted fenugreek seeds — sprouts that in many cases had been served in salads along with cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce.
The difficulty in picking out the correct salad ingredient arose because so few patients had mentioned eating sprouts, researchers at the Robert Koch Institute recount in the New England Journal of Medicine.
“The one dish that frequently exposed guests to sprouts was the side salad, which contained tomatoes, cucumbers, three sorts of leaf salads and sprouts,” the researchers wrote in an outbreak profile published Wednesday. “Sprouts may have been the ingredient that visitors recalled least in such a mixed salad.”
Using menu cards to spur restaurant patrons’ memories and to help investigators identify ingredients of various dishes eventually helped crack the case. After June 10, when health authorities warned the German public to not eat raw sprouts, the number of illnesses “dropped substantially,” according to the NEJM profile.
“Although international guidelines generally recommend otherwise, this experience suggests that food items or ingredients that are deemed to be hard to remember should be included in analytical studies, even if they are mentioned by less than 50% of those surveyed,” the researchers suggest.
Back in May and June, Europe’s deadly E. coli outbreak may have seemed a distant threat to the United States – until the spread of Listeria on contaminated cantaloupes this fall. Listeria, a common contaminant in deli meats, had never been detected in cantaloupes before.
In an accompanying NEJM editorial, Dr. Martin Blaser observes that “infectious disease epidemics constantly arise, usually involving familiar pathogens but with combinations of known and unknown virulence factors or in new vehicles, causing novel outbreaks and clinical consequences.”
The surprise in Germany’s massive outbreak was the uncommon E. coli O104:H4 strain, which Dr. Blaser describes as “well-armed for mayhem.” And while all outbreaks are different, the NEJM profile details how the epidemic in Europe “exemplifies the threat posed by foodborne pathogens with their propensity to cause large common-source outbreaks.”
Other insights from the profile:
— The outbreak lasted roughly from May 1 to July 4, growing “dramatically” from May 8.
— The estimated incubation period – the time between exposure to the pathogen and the initial symptoms – was 8 days, compared with the typical 3- to 4-day incubation for E. coli O157:H7.
— Both children and adults affected experienced painful abdominal cramps, but adults were more likely to have bloody diarrhea. Vomiting occurred more often in children than adults.
— About 22 percent of those stricken developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the potentially fatal kidney disorder associated with E. coli infections. In E. coli O157:H7 infections, the HUS rate is typically 6 percent.
— Among patients who died, death occurred a median of 10 days after the onset of the disease.
— HUS predominantly affects very young children, but 88 percent of the case patients in the German outbreak were adults. This could reflect food choice — the implicated sprouts — or the lack of previous immunity to a novel bug.
— Among women, the incidence of HUS peaked in the 30 to 34 age group. Among men, it was in the 25 to 29 age group.
— Even among the 101 pediatric patients with HUS, the median age — 11 — was considerably higher than is typically seen in an E. coli outbreak. Only 2 percent of the case patients were younger than 5.
— Women were disproportionately affected, likely because they were more likely to have eaten sprouts. Fifty-eight percent of those infected, and 68 percent of those with HUS, were female. Of those with HUS who died, 75 percent were women.
— Toward the end of the outbreak, when secondary household transmission caused more infections than consumption of sprouts, there was a shift to a more even gender distribution.
— The outbreak strain combined the virulence properties of two different kinds of diarrhea-causing E. coli — enteroaggregative, the common cause of diarrhea in travelers, and Shiga-toxin producing.
— The strain’s host remains unclear, but because typical enteroaggregative E. coli normally is transmitted by people, the fecal contamination of the fenugreek seeds could have been by humans or animals.
— The organic farm that grew the tainted sprout seeds was inspected routinely and used satisfactory hygienic measures. But given that sprouts and sprout seeds are so vulnerable to contamination, the researchers suggest they should be tested for Shiga-toxin producing E. coli.© Food Safety News | <urn:uuid:34ffa545-f57b-4a85-883d-47110f609530> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/10/profile-of-germanys-catastrophic-sproutbreak/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648594.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323200519-20180323220519-00592.warc.gz | en | 0.965005 | 1,147 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Medical Concerns Associated with Down Syndrome
This material adapted from: Patterson, Bonnie (2003).
"Down Syndrome Medical Issues Research." PowerPoint Presentation
given at Healthcare Symposium. Shriner's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky,
June 21, 2003.
Persons with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for a number of associated
medical concerns, the most significant of which are outlined below.
Children with Down syndrome all have their own unique personalities.
Historically persons with Down syndrome have been stereotyped as having
placid, amiable, dispositions. Recent studies reflect much more variety
in temperament. An easy temperament alone, however, does not preclude
development of conduct disorders. Any child or person may develop negative
behaviors in certain situations/environments. No area of problem behavior
seems to be specific to Down syndrome. Conduct disorders are the most
frequently reported, with an incidence of between 11 and 12 percent. Difficult
behavior may be precipitated and/or exacerbated by communication difficulties.
It is important for clinicians to remember that although certain behaviors
may appear immature for chronological age, they may not be immature for
developmental age. It is best to consult a professional/therapist experienced
in developmental disabilities when evaluating behavioral issues.
Forty-six to sixty-two percent of persons with Down syndrome
are born with some form of cardiac defect. The most common is Atrioventricular
Septal Defect (59%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (19%), Atrial
Septal Defect (9%), Tetralogy of Fallot (6%), Patent Ductus Arteriosis
(4%), and other cardiac abnormalities (3%). Significant defects are typically
discovered and repaired during the first year of life. Despite this early
intervention, some children with such history may require continuing cardiac
care throughout their lives. Additionally, recent studies have suggested
that children and adolescents with Down syndrome frequently demonstrate
mitral valve prolapse or insufficiency, and/or atrial regurgitation. Antibiotic
prophylaxis is recommended for these individuals prior to any surgical
or dental intervention.
Persons with Down syndrome are just as susceptible to depression
as the general population. Specifically, the incidence of depression in
persons with intellectual disability in particular has been estimated
at 6 to 7%.
Depression can occur as a result of current stress (acute), such as the
death of a family member, leaving school, loss of siblings for college
or home, or illness. Depression may also develop as a more chronic condition.
A recent history of the person's life is necessary to define the problem,
if possible, and identify available support systems. Mental health assessment
must accommodate the individual's specific cognitive/developmental level.
It is important that any of the signs and/or symptoms of depression be
closely assessed to determine if they are symptoms of a biological/medical
condition (e.g., seizures, hypothyroidism ) or a condition in itself (i.e.,
depression). Possible signs and/or symptoms of depression include withdrawal,
sadness, sleep disturbances, behavioral changes (either quieting or aggressive),
weight loss or gain, recurrent thoughts of death, lack of energy and/or
feelings of worthlessness. Often the diagnosis of depression is missed
because the family is told that the particular signs/symptoms are just
"Down syndrome." Signs and/or symptoms also might be misinterpreted
as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. It is important when symptoms are
present to consult a therapist experienced in the treatment of individuals
with developmental disabilities. Timely treatment may prevent or diminish
the need for inpatient service.
Many physicians, psychologists and other mental health professionals
currently have had little training in the relationship of psychiatric
conditions to intellectual disability, leaving room for missed or misdiagnosis.
The clinical presentation of depression in persons with Down syndrome
may be quite different from someone without a cognitive deficit.
As the person with Down syndrome ages, mental function and social support
may decrease, creating an opportunity for depression to occur. Adults
with Down syndrome may experience isolation, changes in residence, and
a lack of social opportunities and adaptive skills. All of these factors
contribute to decreased self-esteem, an inability to care for themselves,
and depression. It is often the case that adults with Down syndrome lack
the opportunities to make their own decisions in areas where they are
capable (e.g., social activities, hair style, clothing choice, etc.).
They are often treated as children and thus feel they have little, if
any, control over their lives. Additionally, individuals who care for
adults with Down syndrome may overlook support systems, over-protect the
person, and/or inappropriately take punitive actions toward the person
with Down syndrome.
Dental abnormalities are common in persons with Down syndrome
as well. Common problems include delayed eruption of primary teeth, misshapen
or missing teeth, delayed loss of primary teeth, narrow palate, bruxism
(grinding one's teeth), and periodontal disease. In addition, a small
oral cavity is often seen in young persons with Down syndrome, potentially
resulting in overcrowding of teeth and possible malocclusion. Orthodontic
consultation may be required.
Skin problems are common in young people with Down syndrome.
These may in part be related to immunologic factors (as in alopecia).
Skin texture may be dry and rough. Up to 70% of individuals with Down
syndrome are affected by xerosis (abnormally dry skin) by the teenage
years. Hyperkeratotic lesions, elastic tissue defect, and alopecia areata
are not uncommon. Localized hyperkeratotic lesions frequently occur on
the anterior thighs, ankles, and wrists. Follicular skin infections of
the buttocks, thighs, and perigenital area are more likely to occur in
adolescents with Down syndrome. These infections may progress to abscess
if left untreated. Fungal infections of the feet are frequently seen in
patients with Down syndrome as well. Healthcare counseling should address
preventative measures such as good hygiene, weight control, use of antibiotic
ointments and emollients.
Five percent of persons with Down syndrome experience gastrointestinal
abnormalities. Included in this five percent are Duodenal Stenosis/Atresia
(50%), Imperforate Anus (20%), Hirschsprung Disease (10%), Tracheoesophageal
Fistula (9%), Pyloric Stenosis (6%), Malrotation (4%) and other gastrointestinal
Persons with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for several
immune / infectious disorders, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,
alopecia areata, celiac disease, deficiencies of cellular and humoral
immunity, immunoglobulin deficiencies (such as low IgG Subclasses 2 &
4 , with elevated 1 & 3, found in individuals with serious pyogenic
infections), and frequent ENT infections such as nasopharyngitis/sinusitis/otitis
media. Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome may be related to autoimmune
factors as well.
Persons with Down syndrome are at high risk for musculoskeletal
abnormalities, including ligamentous laxity and atlantoaxial instability.
In the latter, excess mobility of the articulation of C1 (atlas) and C2
(axis) occurs. Fifteen percent of individuals with DS develop atlantoaxial
instability. Of these 1-2% will develop subluxation and cord compression
in this area. Clinicians should note that there is a higher incidence
of individuals developing atlantoaxial instability during the rapid growth
of adolescence. Cervical evaluation via x-ray is thus in order. Patients
(and parents of children) exhibiting clinical atlantoaxial instability
should be counseled to avoid contact sports, diving, trampoline exercises
and/or other activities which may place undue stress on the neck area.
Occasionally surgical stabilization of the atlas and axis may be required
to prevent neurological compromise from spinal cord compression.
Ophthalmologic disorders are very prevalent among individuals
with Down syndrome. Of these the most common is strabismus, affecting
23 - 44 percent of individuals with Down syndrome. Amblyopia (decreased
vision in one eye) is also common, but less frequent, occurring approximately
12% of the time. Cataracts also occur more frequently in individuals with
Down syndrome. Although usually considered an issue affecting mature adults,
cataract formation typically begins in adolescence, possibly as a result
of the early aging process typically seen. Additionally, 5 to 8 percent
of individuals are affected by keratoconus, or an anterior bulging of
the cornea. Keratoconus is the second most common cause of blindness in
individuals with Down syndrome. Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids)
is also relatively common among adolescents, as are nasolacrimal duct
stenosis and nystagmus. Refractive errors are also often present which
may be easily corrected by optical lenses. Due to the increased incidence
of these disorders in persons with Down syndrome, a thorough ophthalmologic
exam is recommended with each check up.
Thyroid disorders are prevalent in persons with Down syndrome,
with hypothyroidism occurring much more frequently than hyperthyroidism.
Autoimmune factors may play a role in the etiology of hypothyroidism in
Down syndrome, although the exact relationship is not completely understood.
Studies have demonstrated that thyroid hormone levels may gradually decrease
during the adolescent years. Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction may thus
become more evident during this time. Thyroid dysfunction may have implications
for multiple systems; cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous system
effects are frequently seen. Undetected hypothyroidism may contribute
to the decline in mental function over time frequently seen in individuals
with Down syndrome, as well as to depression. Thyroid hormone levels should
thus be monitored at least annually in affected individuals.
Other congenital malformations commonly associated with Down
- sensorineural hearing loss;
- ENT / Audiologic disorders such as hearing loss (either sensorineural,
conductive, or mixed);
- midfacial hypoplasia; frequent purulent nasopharyngitis/sinusitis;
- tracheomalacia; tracheal stenosis; and
- frequent croup and obstruction of airways from tonsillar and adenoidal
Sleep apnea is a concern for persons with Down syndrome.
Symptoms of sleep apnea include snoring, sleeping in unusual positions,
and restless sleep. Being overweight may exacerbate symptoms of sleep
apnea due to increased fatty deposits within the pharynx. Midfacial hypoplasia
typically seen in individuals with Down syndrome also contributes to pharyngeal
obstruction. If untreated, sleep apnea can lead to right sided heart failure
and pulmonary hypertension - and may also cause behavior and learning
problems. A sleep study should be used to confirm sleep apnea when suspected.
Treatment includes radio ablative tongue surgery and C-pap.
Pueschel, S.M., and Sustrova, M. (1997). Selected medical
conditions. In S.M. Pueschel & M. Sustrova (Eds.), Adolescents
with Down syndrome: Toward a more fulfilling life (pp. 47-55). Baltimore,
MD: Brookes Publishing
Protective Genes on The 21st Chromosome
Trisomy 21 is protective in two ways; first, a gene present related
to homocystine protects against atherosclerotic heart disease. Therefore,
it is rare for a person with Down syndrome to have a heart attack or stroke;
second, the 21st chromosome houses a tumor suppression gene. Except for
testicular cancer, people with Down syndrome do not develop solid tumors. | <urn:uuid:4996cb28-92ae-4bac-a618-738d2697cc2a> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://aapa.hdiuk.org/htm/ds_med_concerns.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535920849.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909042537-00025-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906402 | 2,559 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Ro'ya is an Arabic word that means vision to indicate the focus of our community on computer vision datasets, methods and applications that impact our African communities.
We aspire to have a diverse community whose members span the whole continent and come from every country in Africa inspired by DLIndaba-X. One of our main beliefs inspired by the DLIndaba community is that “We learn together to build together”. We want to encourage more students and researchers to learn about computer vision fundamentals and its applications which impact Africans. We aim to solve real-world problems that are happening in developing countries, especially the African continent, instead of the current CV research that is focused on developed countries and big tech companies' goals. Our community focus is on a big umbrella of multiple computer vision applications including medical image processing, precision agriculture, remote sensing, traffic monitoring, wildlife monitoring, climate change, AI fairness and others.
To build and facilitate a community of Computer Vision researchers, connect and grow it, spurring and sharing further research, build helpful tools for applications in medicine, agriculture, science and education, to benefit our African communities. We aspire to have a computer vision community with members from every African country and help establish diverse goals that serves the whole continent without bias to certain areas.
To build data sets and tools to facilitate Computer Vision research for Africa, and to decolonize the current Computer Vision research that is mostly focused on Big Tech companies and developed countries goals instead of our needs.
Our community members are helping in multiple initiatives
CV4Africa Workshop in DLIndaba 2023, Ghana. We are working on organizing a computer vision for Africa workshop with two tracks (Datasets - Methods). Where the first track focuses on datasets for Africans on applications that are relevant to us, while the second track is about the algorithms, architectures and computer vision approaches that serve our African communities. We are also working with Zindi to host a challenge as part of the workshop.
Computer Vision for Africa, A Bibliometric Study. We are currently working together on building a bibliometric study for both datasets and methods that are for Africans and by Africans. The goal of this study is to understand the current CV research ongoing in Africa and understand the gaps where we need the community to contribute to.
Weekly Reading/Study Group on Sundays 3:00 pm GMT. We have studied the fundamentals of meta-learning, fewshot learning, and vision transformers. Additionally, we had one hands-on practical on ViTs. Next we are focusing on medical image processing application and learning about generative modelling along with its intersection with few-shot learning. | <urn:uuid:5f3004d5-ed33-438d-ac3d-6d1ee119138d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://ro-ya-cv4africa.github.io/homepage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476532.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304200958-20240304230958-00699.warc.gz | en | 0.949797 | 536 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In a new report from the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, “Youth and Digital Media: From Credibility to Information Quality,” the authors set out to “map and explore what we know about the ways in which young users of age 18 and under search for information online, how they evaluate information, and how their related practices of content creation, levels of new literacies, general digital media usage, and social patterns affect these activities.” Their key findings:
1. Search shapes the quality of information that youth experience online.
2. Youth use cues and heuristics to evaluate quality, especially visual and interactive elements.
3. Content creation and dissemination foster digital fluencies that can feed back into search and evaluation behaviors.
4. Information skills acquired through personal and social activities can benefit learning in the academic context.
How Big Telecom Used Smartphones to Create a New Digital Divide (article)
An article in Colorlines argues that internet access on smartphones is giving rise to social injustice because of net neutrality laws and internet censorship. The article states that people of color, especially blacks and Latinos, are more likely to surf the internet on their phones, which is supported by a Pew Hispanic report we mentioned a few months ago that found Latinos more likely than whites to access the internet from their cellphones instead of through home connections. Thus, how people of color are accessing the internet is putting them at a disadvantage because “two internets” are emerging in the U.S.: the loosely regulated broadband computer access internet and the unregulated mobile internet, the latter including more people of color and low-income users.” In addition to discussing the important issue of the digital divide, the article looks at the larger picture of big media’s influence and makes a strong case for the urgent need to change our nation’s broadband infrastructure so that it does not disadvantage people of color. It’s important that the youth we work with have this information along with different perspectives on the issue so they can be part of advocating for policies and regulations that will benefit their communities. (This Colorlines infographic accompanies the article above and provides visuals about how Big Telecom has created a new digital divide that contributes to racial inequity).
25 TED Talks Perfect for the Classroom (videos)
Jeff Dunn at Edudemic curated a list of TED talks that would be beneficial to share with students. They range from healthy eating, to the importance of non-violence, to importance of pollination and much more. Most of all the talks highlight that much can be acquired from non-traditional learning spaces and encourage people to become curious about the world around them.
ThinkB4U: Google and Common Sense Team Up (web site)
ThinkB4U is a new collaboration addressing online safety education amongst Google and safety partners Common Sense Media, ConnectSafely, and the National Consumers League. Their goal is to address one of “the biggest learning curves thrown at the average user in a fun and interactive way” and “achieve high levels of digital literacy for everyone.” The site is a “choose your own adventure” style interactive learning site designed to get everyone — from parents to students to teachers — thinking about how to use the internet safely and responsibly. You’ll find select K-12 lessons from Common Sense Media as resources for educators on each of the topics and section along with videos, games, and relevant information customized for students, educators and parents.
What We’ve Learned About Games and Learning: An Interview with Kurt Squire (interview)
This three part interview by Henry Jenkins with Kurt Squire, author of Video Games and Learning: Teaching and Participatory Culture in the Digital Age, is a fantastic overview of the history of games for learning (Did you know, for example, that the first educational video game, Oregon Trail, was first made in 1971 and was all text?) The course of Kurt’s career has placed him in the center of so many significant developments in the recent history of games-based learning, providing him with a unique perspective to write his latest book. Henry asks Kurt to address topics crucial to understand for anyone interested in using games for learning, such as: “The logic of the book follows the shift in the field of games-based learning from designing games for use in school (or bringing existing games into the classroom, as you have done with the Civilization series) to developing games-based literacies which encourage kids to think of themselves as designers. What do you see as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach? Can you explain some of the factors which led to this shift in emphasis?” Grab something to drink, schedule a twenty-minute break, and dig in. Afterwards, scroll through or print out this amazing infographic on the history of gamifying education (even though we might differ on their definition of the term).
NMC Horizon Report – Higher Education Edition for 2012 (report)
The latest NMC Horizon Report has just been published, and can be found and downloaded from iTunes U. The annual report identifies and describes, as always, emerging technologies likely to have an impact over the coming years in education around the globe, all collected in one short, easy to read package. This time around, technologies in the one year or less time frame of adoption include Mobile Apps and Tablet Computing. Game-Based Learning and Learning Analytics are in the two- to three-year adoption timeframe. Other technologies to be adopted in the four- to five-year period include the Gesture-Based Computing and the Internet of Things. More information about all these technologies, their impact on education, and the methodology for the findings can all be found in the project wiki.
Global Kids does a great job each month pointing us to helpful resources; Joliz Cedeno, Daria Ng and Juan Rubio contributed to this month’s list. Please share what you’re reading and watching, too! Global Kids’ NYC-based programs address the need for young people to possess leadership skills and an understanding of complex global issues to succeed in the 21st century workplace and participate in the democratic process.
Banner image credit: Global Kids http://www.flickr.com/photos/holymeatballs/6838529720/in/photostream/ | <urn:uuid:7efcc94e-4972-49f4-bb41-e9b9df1b4369> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://clalliance.org/blog/very-worthy-reads/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371606067.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405150416-20200405180916-00193.warc.gz | en | 0.937184 | 1,297 | 3.75 | 4 |
Bowl with us to cure cystic fibrosis!Read More
Typically somewhere between 12 to 14 years, CF patients begin to undertake more responsibility for their own care. The following is advice targeted to this age group.
The Road to Independence
Adolescence is a time when you are finding your own identity. It is natural that you want more independence, but it is also important that you take the right steps to keep healthy; this includes working cooperatively with your caregiver/parent and CF clinic team. Cystic fibrosis is a progressive disease, which makes staying on top of your health extremely important.
To begin the journey to more independence, it is essential that you are informed and learn to “take charge wisely”. The following are suggestions to help you get started:
Ask questions about your care such as why certain medications or treatments are completed.
Begin to more actively participate in your treatment e.g. “lay out” your medications and “set up” your equipment for treatment (for your caregiver’s review). This will build confidence and is an important step in the transition to self-care.
Research cystic fibrosis and what the future will bring.
Book your own CF clinic appointments. Get organized before appointments and make a list of questions.
Take the lead in communication with the CF clinic team members.
Nutrition for Adolescents
By now you’ve probably heard how important it is to eat high-calorie foods and take your nutritional vitamins and supplements. Adolescence can be a difficult time as the social stresses of media tells young adolescents that they must look a certain way. It’s imperative you talk with your CF nurse or dietitian to discuss ways to maintain your weight and adequate nutrition.
Below are a few documents to review, published by cystic fibrosis dietitians across Canada:
- Vitamins and Cystic Fibrosis
- Healthy Diet, Healthy Fats
- Healthy Nutrition for Cystic Fibrosis
- G-Tube Feeding: Eating Without Effort
Contributions from: Daina Kalnins, MSc, RD and Janey Hughes, P.Dt, CDE
Sexuality and Adolescents
To help you understand more about cystic fibrosis and sexuality during adolescence, read the following brochure that takes you through the common questions, along with your CF team:
Making the Transition from Paediatric to Adult Clinics
Once you reach the age of 18, you are considered an adult and this will transfer you from a paediatric CF clinic to an adult CF clinic.
In order to ensure a smooth transition and prepare you for this change, your paediatric CF clinic may organize a day when the adult CF clinic staff (physician, nurse and other team members) attend the paediatric CF clinic to meet you and your caregiver/parent. This is your opportunity to ask questions regarding what you may be concerned about. The adult CF clinic staff wants you to feel comfortable with them, just as you did with your paediatric CF team. | <urn:uuid:c26e77b4-a5d2-49f4-87cb-06b6b225886c> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.cysticfibrosis.ca/about-cf/living-with-cystic-fibrosis/adolescents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590443.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719012155-20180719032155-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.942833 | 633 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Government and Treasury of the British Virgin Islands have issued a new coin celebrating the 90th birthday of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, which took place on April 21. In reaching this auspicious birthday, she became the longest living British monarch.
She was born in the early morning hours on April 21, 1926 in the London home of her maternal grandparents. As the first grandchild of the reigning monarch, King George V, her arrival was celebrated with a 21 cannon salute at the tower of London.
From the first day of her life, the little girl, titled HRH Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary of York, became the focus of intense media coverage. Although she was third in line to the British throne — behind her uncle the Prince of Wales and her father the Duke of York — few expected she would one day become Queen.
The events in 1936, when the Princess was only ten years old, thrust her into the direct line of succession when the country saw three kings in a time-frame of just eleven months. Princess Elizabeth’s grandfather died in January and her uncle, the newly proclaimed King Edward VIII, abdicated the throne to his young brother the Duke of York, known from then on as HM King George VI. In 1952, the life of the 25-year-old Princess, then known as the Duchess of Edinburgh since her 1947 marriage to Prince Philip, changed forever.
She succeeded her ailing father on February 6. From the very start, the Queen has shown an intensely keen interest in both her peoples and the commonwealth, visiting each country and territory at least once during her long reign.
Today, the Queen is seen as a symbol of continuity, stability, and dedication in a modern world where many of the principles she stands for have gone out of fashion. As Queen Elizabeth II continues in her reign, now the longest ever in British history since September of last year, she gains in popularity and affection by many admirers the world over.
To mark this joyous occasion, the government and treasury of the British Virgin Islands have issued a unique coin. It has been produced in the shape of London’s famous Clock Tower, showing the intricate architecture of this stunning landmark. As a special tribute to the Queen’s 90th birthday this year, the time of the clock face is shown at 2:40 a.m., the time Her Majesty was born.
The obverse carries the Queen’s effigy, which is an exclusive design of the Pobjoy Mint, as well as some of the tower’s architectural details.
The Clock Tower is situated at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and was renamed the Elizabeth Tower in 2012 in honor of Her Majesty’s Diamond Jubilee. Though the tower is often called “Big Ben,” that nickname actually refers to the tower’s Great Bell; 2016 marks the 160th Anniversary of the casting of the original bell, cast in Stockton-on-tees in England. The tower itself holds the second-largest four-faced chiming clock in the world and is one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom.
|1 Doller||Nickel-silver||25.9 Grams||85 / 19.5 mm.||BU||5000 pieces|
The nickel silver coin is shipped in special packaging consisting of a red, white, and blue leather effect pouch that recalls the flag of the United Kingdom, known as “Union Jack.” For more information on the coins offered by the Government and Treasury of the British Virgin Islands, please visit the Web site of the Pobjoy Mint. International sales dispatched where applicable. | <urn:uuid:36c6f855-fbb6-478e-b775-205ff020a7f1> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://news.coinupdate.com/british-virgin-islands-features-big-ben-on-new-birthday-coin-for-her-majesty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541426.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00407-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964454 | 749 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Basics
There is currently an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel (new) coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The virus was first detected in China and has now been detected across the globe, including in the United States. COVID-19 usually causes mild disease such as fever and cough, but can cause severe symptoms such as pneumonia and difficulty breathing. The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6ft) or through respiratory droplets produced when someone coughs or sneezes.
The Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services, Health Department Operations Center is activated at a Level I, and is conducting an extensive contact investigation, following up with individuals who may have been exposed. The City of Long Beach Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is activated at Level II.
What Is COVID-19?
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The virus was first discovered in Wuhan, China, and has now been detected across the globe, including in the United States and Long Beach.
- Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals and humans. Most human coronaviruses cause only mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold.
- Novel coronaviruses like COVID-19 can cause serious and widespread illness and death because the new pathogen is not yet recognized by individuals' immune systems.
How Does COVID-19 Spread?
- The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6ft) or through respiratory droplets produced when someone coughs or sneezes.
What Are The Symptoms Of COVID-19?
- Some people may be asymptomatic, which means they are infected with the virus, but not experiencing symptoms.
- Others may experience mild illness. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure, and may include:
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Muscle pain
- Sore throat
- New loss of taste or smell
- If you develop any of these emergency warning signs* for COVID-19, get medical attention immediately:
- Trouble breathing
- Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
- New confusion
- Inability to wake or stay awake
- Bluish lips or face
*This list is not all inclusive. Please consult your medical provider for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you. Call 911 if you have a medical emergency: Notify the operator that you have, or think you might have, COVID-19. If possible, put on a cloth face covering before medical help arrives.
Who is at higher risk of serious COVID-19 illness?
- Adults 65 years or older
- People in nursing homes or long-term care facilities
- People of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions including:
- Chronic kidney disease being treated with dialysis
- Chronic lung disease
- Hemoglobin Disorders
- Liver disease
- Serious heart conditions
- Severe obesity
- It’s important that people who are at higher risk of serious COVID-19 illness take special precautions to reduce their risk of getting sick.
- On March 15, 2020, Governor Newsom recommended that those aged 65 and older and those with chronic conditions should reduce their risk of COVID-19 by self-isolating at home.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay away from large gatherings and crowds.
- Stay home as much as possible.
- Consider ways of getting food and supplies brought to your house through family, social, or commercial networks.
- Useful links
- Everyone should reach out (call, don’t visit) at-risk family members, friends, and neighbors to ensure they have what they need.
What Can I Do To Prevent Spreading The Virus?
- Wash hands with soap and water often for at least 20 seconds.
- Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick, and stay home if you or household members are sick.
- Cover your nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.
- Routinely clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, bannisters, and countertops. Use the cleaning agents that are usually used in these areas and follow the directions on the label.
- Increase physical distancing.
- Wear a Face Covering any time you are within 6 feet of anyone you do not live with. Read the City Health Officer's Face Covering guidance (Spanish) (Khmer) (Tagalog).
What Is Physical Distancing?
- Physical distancing is a practice individuals can proactively do to prevent becoming infected from others in public who may be infected. Everyone should practice physical distancing.
- Physical distancing means remaining out of crowded, congregate settings where close contact with others may occur, such as shopping centers, movie theaters, and stadiums, and avoiding mass gatherings.
- Physical distancing also means maintaining distance (approximately 6 feet) from others when possible.
Order to Self-Quarantine
- Quarantine is used by public health professionals to separate potentially exposed individuals from the public, in the case that they become symptomatic and thus contagious to others. Quarantined people are asked to limit their contact with others for 14 days, and may be excluded from work or school. Quarantined people should notify their provider immediately if they begin experiencing symptoms. Should they begin exhibiting symptoms, they may be required to isolate.
- Anyone who has had close contact with someone who has or is likely to have COVID-19 (while the person had symptoms or 48 hours before the person's symptoms began) is required to self-quarantine in a residence until 14 days from the last date that they were last in contact with the symptomatic person who had, or was likely to have, COVID-19.
- Close Contact to someone who has or is likely to have COVID-19 is defined as a person who meets any of the following conditions:
- Lives with or frequents the household where someone with or likely to have COVID-19 resides
- Is an intimate partner of someone with or likely to have COVID-19
- Is a caregiver for someone with or likely to have COVID-19
- Has had any contact with someone with or likely to have COVID-19 while they were symptomatic, including anyone who:
- Was within 6 feet of someone with or likely to have COVID-19 for more than 10 minutes OR
- Had unprotected direct contact to secretions or excretions (sneeze or cough) of someone with or likely to have COVID-19
- Everyone who meets the above conditions must adhere to the requirements outlined in the Home Quarantine Guidance for Close Contacts to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Spanish) (Khmer) (Tagalog).
Order to Self-Isolate
- Isolation means separating a person that is sick in order to prevent them from spreading the virus to others. People may be asked to self-isolate at home while they are being tested, while they recover, or they may be isolated in a healthcare setting if they need medical support to recover.
- Anyone with or likely to have COVID-19 is required to self-isolate for at least ten (10) days after symptoms first appeared, and at least 3 days (72 hours) after your fever is gone without the use of fever-reducing medications, and your other symptoms have improved. If you never had symptoms, then you must self isolate for 10 days from the date of your positive test.
- Anyone required to isolate may not leave their place of isolation or enter any other public or private place, except to receive necessary medical care. Furthermore, anyone in self-isolation is required to notify any close contacts of their potential exposure so they may self-quarantine.
- For the purpose of the Isolation Order, someone with or likely to have COVID-19 is defined as a person who has:
- A positive lab test for COVID-19;
- Signs and symptoms that are consistent with COVID-19 within 14 days of being in close contact with a person who had or was believed to have had COVID-19; OR
- Been informed by a physician that they are likely to have COVID-19
- Any person who meets the above conditions must adhere to the requirements outlined in the Home Isolation Instructions for People with Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) Infection (Spanish) (Khmer) (Tagalog).
- In preparing households, people should take what they need. Overbuying creates a shortage for others.
- The current situation does not necessitate additional preparation beyond standard emergency preparedness. However, you should do what you can to limit unnecessary trips.
- Households should always be prepared in the case of a natural disaster. Ready.gov/pandemic has a list of recommended items to prepare, including:
- Store a two week supply of food, and other important items you rely on, including food for any pets you may have.
- Periodically check your regular prescription drugs to ensure a continuous supply in your home.
- Have any nonprescription drugs and other health supplies on hand, including pain relievers, stomach remedies, cough and cold medicines, fluids with electrolytes, and vitamins.
How can we stay connected while practicing physical distancing?
- It is important to stay socially connected in such a difficult time. So, send a text or do a video chat with people important to you, whether it’s a family member, a friend, or an elderly neighbor.
There’s a lot going on. How do I deal with everything?
- We are dealing with a situation that can be stressful and scary. It’s important to know that it’s normal to have reactions like fear, anxiety, or stress.
- Even though we are all practicing physical distancing, nobody has to be alone. If you need to speak with someone, you can call the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health Access Center 24/7 Helpline at (800) 854-7771.
- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has developed tips for dealing with stress during disease outbreaks like COVID-19. See their Coping with Stress During Infectious Disease Outbreak guide for information on recognizing signs of stress, and tips for staying healthy during outbreaks. | <urn:uuid:b5348f37-7ffc-43c7-a81a-eb062f64abcc> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.longbeach.gov/health/diseases-and-condition/information-on/coronavirus/basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347424174.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602100039-20200602130039-00258.warc.gz | en | 0.958434 | 2,258 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Students can get almost all the potential sources of help. Most of the papers at the intermediate level divide into three main parts and these are multiple-choice questions, short questions, and long questions. Here at this page students will find 11th class long questions of almost all the subjects including inter Mathematics long questions, 1st year Physics long questions and long questions of almost all other subjects that are categorized for the science study group and art study group at an intermediate level. The section of long questions answers comprised almost 40% of your paper and students can easily bring them in the safe zone if they only attempt a long question section.
11th Class Long Questions Of All Subjects :
To the students who are going to start their intermediate level of education, first of all, we offer best wishes to them for their new and advance education career and at the same time students are advised to do work hard from the beginning point of their study session in they want to get an exceptional result in the end. If you are thinking that you would start your studies from tomorrow, then believe me that tomorrow will never come in your life. So, do not rely upon tomorrow and start your work from today or right now. Well, if you are getting confused that how to take the start of your exam preparation then we are here to direct you on the right path. Start with 1st year long questions available for Fsc, Ics, Fa, I.com part 1 for all subjects at the campus.
Other Than Important 1st year Long Questions Online Preparation :
However, students are to inform that they can also prepare other sections of their paper except for long questions. For example, students can find 11th class solved MCQs test preparation. This test preparation will help you to cover the MCQs section and at the same time, students can also find the 12th class short questions section. So, in this way, students can easily cover 100% of the paper. So, join us today and get a better way of examination practice. | <urn:uuid:1eed910d-f984-42d5-b033-e9814bcec40f> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.campus.pk/11th-class/long-questions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151641.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725080735-20210725110735-00239.warc.gz | en | 0.953835 | 411 | 2.625 | 3 |
The chlorite group includes a number of minerals, which have similar physical properties. They are sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals, which were formed during early metamorphism. They have an oily/soapy feel and perfect cleavage. They are found in all sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The important mineral of this group is ”Chlorite”.
Chlorite Minerals: (Mg,Fe) 3(Si,Al) 4O 10(OH) 2·(Mg,Fe) 3(OH) 6
Physical Properties of Chlorite:
- Crystal System: Chlorite minerals have a monoclinic crystal system.
- Cleavage: Chlorite mineral has perfect basal cleavage.
- Hardness: Chlorites are very soft minerals that have 2-2.5 hardness on Moh’s scale.
- Sp.gr: Specific gravity of the chlorite group of minerals is 2.6- 3.3.
- Luster: Chlorites have a vitreous lustre, resinous or dull luster.
- Colour: Chlorite minerals have a green colour with various shades.
- Habit: They are usually habited in foliated mass.
Occurrence of Chlorite Minerals:
Minerals Species of Chlorite Group:
Uses of Chlorites:
- There are very few industrial uses of chlorite minerals.
- As chlorites do not have definite physical properties, which do not make them suited for a particular use. Moreover, chlorites are mixed with other minerals, which makes its mining expensive. Therefore, it is not mined for making it useable for any purpose.
- Chlorites are taken as a constituent of clay and used as filler.
- Chlorite is found abundantly in many types of crushed stone, therefore, the mere use of chlorite is as a filler material. | <urn:uuid:6690916a-b4dc-40da-b483-6c4d676e51c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://geostudies.org/chlorite-group-of-minerals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335059.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927225413-20220928015413-00392.warc.gz | en | 0.916939 | 410 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Definition of Coccinella
: a cosmopolitan genus of small beetles that is the type of the family Coccinellidae and includes a number of typical ladybugs
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Origin and Etymology of coccinella
New Latin, from Latin coccinus scarlet-colored (from Greek kokkinos, from kokkos kermes berry) + -ella
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up Coccinella? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). | <urn:uuid:66903eb6-3f11-4d52-b79e-85eab932fb47> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Coccinella | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320270.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624170517-20170624190517-00565.warc.gz | en | 0.869628 | 215 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Inducing Infringement: Everything You Need to KnowPatent Law ResourcesPatent Infringement
Inducing infringement means a party is responsible for someone else copying a trademark, copyright, or patent without permission, even if they didn't do it.5 min read
What Does Inducing Infringement Mean?
Inducing infringement means that a party is responsible for someone copying an idea without permission which can take the form of a trademark, copyright, or patent infringement. The party didn't do the infringing, but the infringement is still their fault.
For example, let's say someone invents a self-inflating balloon and then patents it. The inventor then sells the patent to a major company, and now the balloon is sold in every department store. Years later, the inventor says he still owns the patent and sells it to a different company. Once the second company starts selling self-inflating balloons, the first company can sue it for infringement, and it can sue the inventor for inducing infringement. While he didn't infringe on the patent directly, it's his fault the second company did.
Inducing infringement applies to trademarks and copyrights, too. If someone tells a business owner that "Frisbee" isn't a trademark and the owner prints "Frisbee" on all her flying discs, the person who gave the advice was inducing infringement. If someone publishes a book text on his website but it turns out to not be in the public domain, then whoever told him it was is also responsible.
Why Is Inducing Infringement So Important?
Intellectual property rights are important. They let inventors, authors, and other creative people make money off their creations in spite of how easy it is to copy a blueprint or a book. That's why patent, trademark, and copyright laws punish the people who infringe on these rights.
However, deciding who's responsible and how much they knew is a tricky business. It's even possible that someone who infringed on a patent didn't know. Ignorance isn't always an excuse, but it can lower the penalty.
Inducing infringement works like the criminal charge of conspiracy. Even if you don't break the law yourself, if you help someone else break the law, the court can decide you're responsible.
Induced infringement is also different from contributory infringement. "Contributory infringement" means that a party helped someone else infringe by giving them a part of the patented invention. If the company that makes the inflators for the self-inflating balloons sells them to the second company, and if it knows that only self-inflating balloons use them, then that company is a contributory infringer.
When Does Inducing Infringement Apply?
That's the million-dollar question. Literally, in many cases. Inducing infringement has been a part of patent law since 1952, and patent courts have accepted the idea for even longer. However, what counts as "inducing" keeps changing over time.
In a 1990 decision, a Federal Circuit court said that inducing infringement only applies when:
- the patent holder can prove that the inducer knew about the patent,
- and knew that telling someone to copy the invention would infringe on it.
20 years later, in 2010, the Federal Circuit took another look at the question and made a change. The defendants in the case said they didn't know about the patent they induced infringement on, and so they said the law didn't apply to them. However, the court said they were "indifferent" to the patent, which means they didn't care whether it existed or not. Companies should find out whether a patent exists before they start selling similar products, and so the court said they were responsible after all.
The case went up to the Supreme Court after that. The court decided the Federal Circuit was being too general, and so it brought up the idea of "willful blindness." Willful blindness means that someone pretends not to notice a person breaking the law, and it applies to patent law when it's obvious a patent exists and a party tells someone to infringe on it anyway. In the 2010 case, the defendant bought a product from a foreign country so it wouldn't have a U.S. patent number on it, and so the Supreme Court ruled against them.
However, a 2015 Supreme Court case made another change, which is that a "good faith belief" that you aren't inducing an infringement isn't a good defense. In other words, if you know about a patent, and you know that telling someone to copy it could infringe on that patent, then you can't say "I didn't think it applied anymore" afterward.
Examples of Induced Infringement
- In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled on a case about a method patent, which is a kind of patent that protects a set of steps. Akami Technologies had a patent for tagging information on a server automatically. It sued Limelight Networks for using some of the same steps but making the customers tag information themselves. The Federal Circuit said this wasn't direct infringement since Limelight didn't do all the steps. However, it was induced infringement since it had the customers finish the steps. The Supreme Court overturned this decision, saying you can't induce infringement when there is no direct infringement.
- In 2006, the Federal Circuit heard a case between DSU, JMS, and ITL. DSU made a special kind of injection needle in America, and ITL made a different needle in Australia. JMS bought the ITL needle, changed it to make it like the DSU needle, and then sold it in the United States. DSU said that JMS infringed on its patent and ITL induced and contributed to the infringement. The Federal Circuit decided that ITL didn't know about the U.S. patent and didn't help JMS infringe on purpose.
What to Do About Induced Infringement
"Willful blindness" is a very high bar to clear, at least for now. The law for induced infringement is a single sentence, so most of the rules about it come from court cases. More court cases could change the rules in the future. Fortunately, direct infringementis still easy enough to prove.
Still, direct infringement might not catch the responsible party, so you should make yourself hard to ignore if you discover someone might be infringing on your rights. If you can't tell them to stop, you should at least send them a copy of your patent and explain how you think they're infringing. Some patent lawyers would say you're giving them a head start on the court case, but it's worth the risk to prove willful ignorance.
If you find yourself on the other side of an inducing infringement case, the best thing you can do is try to prove you had little to no knowledge of the patent you might have let someone else infringe on. If you can do that, and if you had nothing else to do with the case, you should be in good shape.
Either way, you may want to check out UpCounsel's marketplace to post your legal need and receive free custom quotes from top patent and trademark lawyers before taking any steps. Induced infringement can change quickly thanks to Federal Circuit and Supreme Court rulings, so it helps to speak to an expert with up-to-date information. Infringement lawsuits demand a lot of time and money, and you don't want to make any mistakes before they even begin. | <urn:uuid:f8fbd3a2-cd25-407e-b7de-63eaabe8e89a> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.upcounsel.com/inducing-infringement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578733077.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425193912-20190425215912-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.968125 | 1,535 | 2.75 | 3 |
This is a graphic representation of the Time Series Design:
You make a few observations to establish a baseline, do the intervention, and then make a few more measurements. (Just how many observations you make on either side of the intervention is determined by the stability of the data. This will be covered in advanced concepts.)
Time series quasi-experiments can have any number of outcomes. They can be graphed as follows (some examples):
The interpretation of these outcome graphs is simple:
In 'A', the outcome measure is stable at a certain value until your intervention, then it increases and stabilizes at a higher level. In our diabetes example, this would be equivalent to having the intervention "backfire" (i.e., blood sugar levels increase instead of decrease).
In 'B', the outcome measure is again stable at a certain value until the intervention, then it decreases and stabilizes at a lower level. In the diabetes example, this would be equivalent to success (i.e., blood sugar levels become consistently lower after the intervention).
In 'C', the outcome measure is stable at a certain level until the intervention, then it increases immediately after the intervention; however, it then returns to the pre-intervention baseline. Something may have happened as a result of the intervention (e.g., an increase in blood sugar level in the diabetes example), but it was not permanent.
In 'D', the outcome measure is - well - basically all over the place. In a situation like this it will be tough to "tease out" the effects of your intervention. There may be a stable effect of the intervention in there somewhere, but it is not readily obvious. This is an example of a situation where you would have to give some thought to how many pre and post observations would be needed to gain enough statistical power to detect a result (if it is there).
The major threat to the internal validity of the time series is history. That is, a charge that the results obtained would have occured with or without the experimental intervention is difficult to defend with data from the simple Time Series experiment.
Return to quasi-experimental designs. | <urn:uuid:784a49da-f446-46a4-aaa8-ab7b3edb7821> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.fammed.ouhsc.edu/tutor/times.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931007301.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155647-00203-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951519 | 440 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Apple iOS is considered to be among the most secure operating systems given its restriction to the source code and high protective nature about the apps. Apple does not give permission any app to be included in its OS without vetting, and that has made its apps much more lucrative to other users.
As a pioneer to the tablet devices apple also provides a unique but attractive interface to all its devices, which taunts others. Moreover, the high price of its instruments has kept the devices out of the reach of ordinary people and has classified its branding as for elites.
If all the above is clubbed together, then it haunts the developer to develop any software, which can run the iOS apps and give, your device an iOS interface look. We will provide solutions to these two problems in this article and give you suitable options so that you can fulfil your dreams to have an iOS replica.
Emulators and Simulators are two types of software that is useful to have an iOS ecology in Windows.
What are Emulator and Simulator?
Before we start, we should understand the difference between these two. Emulators are software that creates an environment in a system, which can behave like the other system. A simulator is a software, which gives you only the interface of one system in another. When emulators give you the freedom to run apps and games designed for iOS to run in Windows, Simulators cannot.
Why Can We Not Have an iOS Emulator?
Apple is an industry, which has its hardware as well as operating systems and other software like apps and games. From the prime objective of Apple, it is clear that their marketing strategy is entirely different. They have never allowed any other to use either their hardware or their software in any device other than their product. If you want to have it, own their device.
Also Read: – 10 Best Android Emulators For Windows PC to Run Android Apps on PC
We have already mentioned earlier that Apple allows using its content through its own devices. It is the fundamental difference between Android and IOS operating system. Android is an open source operating system, which has allowed the base source code accessible to any developer. Unfortunately, Apple iOS source codes are not available to anyone apart from Apple, making it closed source code. Besides, there is no possibility in future to publish these origin codes to any of the developers.
I believe by now you have understood that there cannot be any ios emulator available now or in future unless Apple changes their business strategy.
Frustrated, continue reading for our solutions.
The Solution: Best iOS Simulator Software To Use on PC
Before jumping to find the answer, we need to understand what kind of people are in search of either iOS emulator or simulators. Firstly, some people want to convert the interface of their windows similar to an Apple device.
Secondly, the developers who want to launch their apps or games on the iOS platform. To facilitate these developers, we furnish our best-researched iOS simulators.
iPadian is the first in the list which has the most popularity. When you want to get a feel of the iPad in your Windows10, this iPadian can fulfil your aspire. The iPadian has the same icons gestures and look of an iPad. Unlike iPad, this simulator comes with all the popular app like Facebook, Twitter and other pre-installed in there. The simulator provides a customizable app store, which gives you, access to some of the iOS apps. Besides this simulator has a sidebar, dock and dashboard, which comes helpful, while playing or switching tab.
Also Read: – Top 10 Best Android Browsers to use in 2019
The best part of iPadian is the games available within it. You can play the games sitting in your PC and get a good iPad feeling. The performance of this app is quite high in windows as well as Linux. The simulator comes as a free and paid version. In the unpaid version, you have limited access to the preinstalled apps only. While in the paid version, you can use a variety of iOS apps.
One can easily enjoy iPad experience with apps and games.
There is no room for testing a new build.
The iPadian Simulator can be downloaded from official website
Smartface is the solution of the second kind of people or the developers. Smartface is the solution of iOS app development in Windows and Linux. It makes the life of developers easy to develop iOS on windows with its cross-platform technology. You can emulate your app in a single click.
Smartface is therefore not a virtual cross-platform simulator; it also allows you to debug your app in windows with full debugging features like watches, breakpoints and real-time code changes. Due to all these features, the developers can launch their apps quickly and test them in a real environment.
One stop solutions for developers.
Standard users have no place of interest
The smartface simulator can be downloaded from official website
Starting at $99.00
Another cloud-based cross-platform iOS app tester is APPETIZE.TO. On the subject of app developing, you could establish your iOS apps and games with the help of this iPhone emulator on a cloud platform.
The website comes with an excellent live demo of the app you want to test. Also, it has huge documenting support for the developers. The developers can get help in creating, updating, listing of iOS apps with sample source codes in this platform.
Also Read: – Top 8 Best VPN’s For PC to use in 2019
Although not as a genuine iOS emulator or a simulator, this is a beneficial tool for iOS developers to emulate their apps through APPETIZE.TO. All these features have made this as a favourite for the developers but the ordinary users have no place of interest in it.
- Upload your app through our website or API
- Available to stream immediately, through any browser
- Embed into any HTML with an iFrame
- Fully managed, and always up to date
- Standard users have no place of interest
The simulator can be reached from the following link:
Starting at $40.00/month
4. Xamarin TestFlight
Xamarin Testflight is one of the best ios emulator one can use currently. Its one of the first official iOS emulator which can be easily used on pc devices. Whether you’re a developer or just somebody who likes to see if the Apple ecosystem is for you, this emulator works smoothly. One of the coolest things about this little iPhone emulator for PC as a programmer is that you can be able to debug easily using Windows Visual Studio Enterprise.
Read Also : – Top 10 Best Video Editing Softwares for Windows PC
Another thing you need to know is that the emulator facilitates this entire project and you don’t have to worry about anything. The software is too easy to use and simple. There are certain limitations on the use of Xamarin however, for beginners the emulator will only run apps designed for iOS 8.0 or later. In both cases, it is better suited for professional use instead of conventional usage.
- The source is free to download
- Suitable for app testing, but not for development
The simulator can be reached from the following link:
5. AIR iPhone
We will conclude our list with the name of AIRiPhone, which aimed for the common user, not the developers. AIR iPhone is an Adobe AIR product that replicates the iOS GUI. You have to install the AIR framework before Air iPhone.
AIR iPhone isn’t entirely purposeful, for the developers. The net browser, Safari, and most other capabilities are not available on the replica software. These packages don’t run like I phone since the software creates the environment but not the hardware support. Important to note that there is no recent release of this software.
- Gives the iOS GUI to user
- Good for getting iOS experience but not very practical.
The simulator can be reached from this link
PRICE : – Free
Some other simulators do not exist anymore but available as an alternate in many outdated articles. Do not need to search for them as we confirm their disappearance. For your ease, we provide that list below:
- iPhone simulator
- iPad simulator
- Mobione studio
When you are in search of iOS emulator for PC, you will find thousands of article providing you with big lists. Do not get confused as they are not offering you the real fact.
We have explained in details about the difference between ios emulator for windows and the actual products, which are simulators.
Also, we have tried to segregate the ineffective links for you. If you like our research, do give a thumbs up in the comment box below. | <urn:uuid:b348df86-9a6e-4be9-8a79-6b6617774074> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://impactresearch.org/best-ios-emulators/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944452.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322211955-20230323001955-00178.warc.gz | en | 0.942331 | 1,860 | 2.53125 | 3 |
GLASIER (Glazier), JOHN, lumberman and politician; b. 3 Sept. 1809 in Lincoln, near Fredericton, son of Benjamin Glasier and Martha —; m. 24 Sept. 1842 Emmaline (Emanaline, Emeline) Garraty, and they had seven children, of whom one son and one daughter survived their father; d. 7 July 1894 in Ottawa.
Early in his career John Glasier became a legend as a combative woods boss and daring entrepreneur. A generation after his death he was elevated to the status of a folk hero with the appearance in 1926 of “Glasier’s men,” the most widely published and one of the most memorable of Hiram Alfred Cody*’s poems.
He was the second of four brothers, grandsons of Benjamin Glasier, a Massachusetts hero of the Seven Years’ War who had acquired a large intervale property at Lincoln on the Saint John River [see Beamsley Perkins Glasier*]. John’s father and uncle engaged in shipbuilding as well as farming but suffered a serious set-back in business in the mid 1820s and also had their sawmill and their woods destroyed in the great fire of 1825.
While all the members of this close-knit family farmed, lumbered, and helped in developing a small grist-mill and a carding-mill, John and his younger brothers became increasingly involved in the timber trade. John usually worked in partnership with Stephen, cutting timber and driving it to the booms near Fredericton; Duncan D. operated on the lower river, towing log rafts and carrying freight.
By 1837 John and Stephen had large contracts with the Saint John timber merchant Robert Rankin*. Initially they worked on the Shogomoc Stream in York County but in the early 1840s John was operating far up the Saint John watershed in the territory awarded to Britain under the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. In 1849 the Glasiers also moved into Maine, where they purchased a whole township (36 square miles). The tales of John’s personal courage and of his bold spirit were born in that remote high country where Quebec, New Brunswick, and Maine meet: “First to bring a timber drive through the wild Grand Falls; / First to sight the Squattock Lakes where the lone moose calls.” These lines celebrate Glasier’s achievements in being the first to show that it was feasible to bring timber drives through the falls on a regular basis and in pioneering the exploitation of the last great resource of pine timber in the valley, to the considerable advantage of the port of Saint John.
Legends portray him as a tough, intensely competitive individual who lived by his own rules. Verifiable, at least in part, is a story of his leading his woods crews across the border into Maine, battling the local woodsmen, and destroying a large dam on the Allagash River below Churchill Lake in order to release a head of water to carry his timber drive over Grand Falls. His reputation for combativeness is similarly revealed in an allegation that a Glasier vessel, the Bonny Doon, in an effort to claim the title of fastest boat on the Saint John River, ran across the bow of, and later tried to ram amidships, Benjamin Franklin Tibbetts’s famous Reindeer. A gentler side to John’s character appears in stories of his favourite mare, after whom the river-boat was named. A New Brunswick version of Paul Bunyan’s ox, Bonny Doon was a road horse, unequalled for speed, with the stamina to maintain an unbelievable pace from Fredericton to Quebec City and the added virtue of being John’s adviser and business confidante.
In 1852 John and Stephen Glasier obtained the J. D. Pierce, the first stern-wheeler to travel the Saint John. They had the Bonny Doon built the following year at Farmingdale, Maine. It had a very shallow draught so that it could operate on the river above Fredericton and even reach Grand Falls at favourable seasons of the year. Their depot was 75 miles above Grand Falls on the St Francis River, where nearby Glasier Lake preserves their name.
The high point in the fortunes of the Glasier partnership was reached in the early 1860s during the American Civil War, when at one time they employed more than 600 men. The depression of 1872–73 caught the firm greatly overextended, however, and John and Stephen appear to have been able to retain only their inherited farms, both heavily mortgaged.
John Glasier had entered politics as a Liberal in the 1861 election, winning a seat in the House of Assembly for Sunbury by only two votes. In 1865 he was one of the small number of pro-confederation candidates elected, winning the poll by an overwhelming majority, as he did again in 1866. He was appointed to the Senate in March 1868 to fill one of the vacancies created when Edward Barron Chandler* and William Todd* declined the appointments offered to them. Glasier had few political graces and seldom spoke in either the provincial assembly or the Senate, though he was, according to the Saint John Globe, “able to express his views clearly when it was necessary to speak.” He “conscientiously and fearlessly” discharged his public duties. Independence was characteristic of him in all fields; even in religion he was, as another newspaper commented, “wonderful in his knowledge of the scriptures” but “followed no creed or sect.”
He refused to have his photograph taken, probably because he was sensitive about the black wig he always wore after losing his hair during a bout with typhoid fever at the age of 18. A grandnephew remembered that “he looked like Uncle Sam. He had a long nose that hooked down and a long chin which hooked up and he was never without his beaver hat – not even when he was tramping through the woods to visit one of his lumber camps. He was a tall, tremendously powerful man, all bone and muscle, and as supple as a boy even in his old age.”
He was also sensitive about his status, insisting that in his partnership with Stephen he was “the main man.” This led Paddy McGarrigle, an employee, privileged jester, and sometime cook, to dub him “The Main John Glasier,” a name that was adopted widely among woods crews. First used to distinguish the proprietor of a lumber company from the local woods boss, it later came to be applied to the woods bosses themselves. The original “Main John” contracted cholera while attending a session of the Senate and died at Ottawa on 7 July 1894.
N.B. Museum, John Glasier letters; F. A. Hoben, journal. PANB, MC 30; MC 38; MC 300, MS2/115; MS5/5, 10–11, 17, 19, 23, 25; MS8; RG7, RS72, A, 1814, Benjamin Glasier; 1849, Benjamin Glasier; 1884, D. D. Glasier; 1923, Arthur Glasier. Sunbury Land Registry Office (Burton, N.B.), Record books, 1788–1898 (mfm. at PANB). UNBL, MG H104, T. S. Glasier, “Reminiscences of Thomas S. Glasier” (typescript, c. 1914); another copy, entitled “Lumbering with the Main John,” intro. L. M. Beckwith Maxwell. N.B., House of Assembly, Journal, 1838, app.3; 1862–67. Daily Gleaner, 7, 9–10 July 1894. Herald (Fredericton), 14 July 1894. Saint John Globe, 7 July 1894. Elections in N.B. L. M. Beckwith Maxwell, An outline of the history of central New Brunswick to the time of confederation (Sackville, N.B., 1937; repr. Fredericton, 1984). H. A. Cody, “Glasier’s men,” Fifty-four narrative poems, ed. O. J. Stevenson (Toronto, 1933), 7–8 (copy at N.B. Museum). Ted Jones, All the days of his life: a biography of Archdeacon H. A. Cody (Saint John, N.B., 1981). G. [B.] MacBeath and D. F. Taylor, Steamboat days: an illustrated history of the steam-boat era on the St. John River, 1816–1946 (St Stephen [-Milltown], N.B., 1982). W. O. Raymond, The River St. John: its physical features, legends and history from 1604 to 1784 (Saint John, 1910). Beatrice Craig, “Agriculture and the lumberman’s frontier in the upper Saint John valley,” Journal of Forest Hist. (Santa Cruz, Calif.), 32 (1988). F. H. Phillips, “The Main John; lumber king Glasier had great courage but wasn’t popular,” Daily Gleaner, 24 June 1958. Telegraph-Journal (Saint John), 21 Oct. 1926, 29 Jan. 1936, 25 Oct. 1948. | <urn:uuid:e5fad0f2-2ee2-459c-97f5-cdb656a8a49d> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/glasier_john_12E.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783403826.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624155003-00162-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962513 | 1,976 | 2.890625 | 3 |
A significant number of women, especially in developing countries, need protection against more than one sexually transmitted infection (STIs), for instance HIV-1 and HSV-2, and family planning methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Dual protection technologies (DPTs; also known as multipurpose technologies) are designed to address two different indications with one product. Examples of DPTs are vaginal products capable of preventing transmission of HIV-1 in women while simultaneously providing contraceptive properties and a vaginal product capable of reducing HIV-1 transmission while preventing transmission of a second STI. DPTs can be categorized into three main approaches: 1) physical barriers, 2) chemical barriers, and 3) a combination of physical and chemical barriers. Examples of physical barriers are male and female condoms, diaphragms and cervical caps. Chemical barriers include use of a single drug with two mechanisms of action (viz., dual-activity compounds with microbicidal and contraceptive properties or activity against HIV-1 and a second STI pathogen such as HSV-2) or a combination of two drugs each targeted against separate mechanisms for achieving contraception and inhibition of HIV-1. Combinations of chemical and physical barriers are based on physical barriers such as a diaphragm along with a microbicide. Examples of each approach and current prototypes (such as vaginal gels and intravaginal rings) under development are described in this paper. Challenges facing development and regulatory approval of DPTs are also reviewed. This article forms part of a special supplement on a presentation covering DPTs, based on the symposium " Trends in Microbicide Formulations" , held on 25 and 26 January 2010, Arlington, VA. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Mendeley saves you time finding and organizing research
Choose a citation style from the tabs below | <urn:uuid:c4da42d6-5567-4544-bd99-424ed8057c55> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/combining-prevention-hiv1-other-sexually-transmitted-infections-unintended-pregnancies-development-d/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814801.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223154626-20180223174626-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.930191 | 371 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Nutrition is the cornerstone of good health. http://globalnews.ca/news/3337455/recipes-to-help-you-start-your-ketogenic-diet/ contains simple and helpful tips to keep your nutrition, balanced and optimal. Don't feed your body junk. Good nutrition will keep you looking and feeling great. These tips will teach you easy ways to keep your body healthy from the inside out.
Smoothies are a great diet drink that can also act as a meal or desert. All you need to make it is a blender, along with any ingredients necessary for the smoothie of your choice. Fresh fruit, yogurt, and milk are the main ingredients and all of those are exceptionally healthy foods.
The most important meal of the day, breakfast gives you the energy and motivation needed to lose weight. Breakfast foods naturally contain the carbohydrates, vitamins, and healthy sugars that everyone needs to function effectively and lose weight. Without breakfast, many people will find themselves overeating later in the day. So, never skip breakfast; it will haunt you later that day.
Be aware of what chemicals are in your food. This is generally why it's best to stick to natural food like natural produce and fresh proteins and natural grain options. You should avoid these like you would anything else hazardous because they can slow down your metabolic rate and harm your diet.
When considering a diet that provides an adequate nutrition level, be sure to distribute your food intake more evenly across the day, as opposed to large meals. This will help to prevent eating too much, as well as to aide in digestion and the usage of nutrients. Having five or six medium or small meals, is much better than two or three larger meals.
Each autumn brings a fresh crop of winter squash: acorn, butternut, buttercup, hubbard and more. We welcome this crop both for its taste and nutritional value. Squash provide natural sweetness and can make a delicious soup. They are also strong in nutrients, such as, potassium and calcium and provide fiber, too!
If you are not a fan of raw fruit and vegetables you should purchase fruit juice. You can get minerals, vitamins, fiber and more from high-quality, all-natural fruit juices, and you won't have to cook, chop or peel anything. Consider drinking your fruit juice through a straw so as to avoid damaging your teeth.
Check This Out as a healthy snack food. Nuts are not just good for you, they also help you feel full. There are many different flavors of nuts out there. You can even try soaking them in water for a different texture. Just be sure you don't have a nut allergy before snacking.
Put a lot of fiber in your diet. Foods with a lot of fiber in them such as nuts and whole-grains are great. Because the fiber takes a long time to break down in the body, you feel full for longer than with other foods. This way you won't have cravings for junk food as often.
Even though it is true that carbs turn into sugar, it is not a good idea to cut them from your diet in total. Your body needs these extra sugars to create energy, so having too little carbs would lead to a decrease in your overall energy level.
You want to consume low-fat foods that are high in protein for a diet that is heart healthy. Turkey and chicken with the skin removed meets the requirements. The best options for poultry are baking, broiling or roasting, but frying should be avoided. White meat tends to be healthier than darker meats.
There are many recipes that you can try to help lose weight. A great one is to shred zucchini, and top it with some raw tomato sauce. It will look a bit like spaghetti, but will be a healthy alternative. You can even use some veggie meatballs to go along with it.
A great nutrition tip is to shop around the outer section of the grocery store. The healthiest foods tend to be on the perimeter which include the meat section, produce and dairy foods. The unhealthy foods are usually in the central aisles, such as candy, cookies and other junk food.
If you find yourself feeling kind of mucus filled after consuming dairy products or if you have an allergy to dairy products, it may be time to give it up. You can get the nutrition that diary provides by switching to Greek style yogurt, cottage cheese and high-quality whey protein.
It is not all about counting points or counting calories. It is all about controlling your insulin levels and eating food that is good for you. If you follow a diet of nutrient-dense food, you are sure to have much more success in maintaining a healthy weight.
In summary, there are some obvious ideas that have been tested over time, as well as some newer theories that you may not have considered. Hopefully, as long as you follow what we suggest in this article, you can either get started with a healthy nutrition plan or improve on what you have already done. | <urn:uuid:6e2ee69e-a010-4832-9fb1-8557e830b210> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://skysecond15damon.beep.com/nutrition-info-that-will-change-your-life-2017-05-24.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794868316.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527131037-20180527151037-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.967095 | 1,034 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Oregon Supreme Court Building
|Oregon Supreme Court Building|
Front of the building on State Street
|Location||1163 State Street
|Design and construction|
|Architect||William C. Knighton|
The Oregon Supreme Court Building is the home to the Oregon Supreme Court, Oregon Court of Appeals, and the Oregon Judicial Department. Located in the state’s capitol of Salem, it is Oregon’s oldest state government building. The three story structure was completed in 1914 and currently houses the state’s law library, and once housed the Oregon State Library.
The state supreme court used to hold session in various locations in downtown Salem. In 1854 Oregon Territory began construction of the Territorial Capitol Building in Salem that was finished in 1855. The court was briefly located in that building on the second floor. However, on December 29, 1855 after the building was partially occupied, it was razed by fire. Then in 1876 the state finished construction on a second capitol building where the court was located on the third floor.
In 1911, a bill was introduced in the Oregon Legislature by John A. Carson (grandfather of future Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr.) to expand the 1876 capitol building to add a wing for the court. This bill was later amended to allow for the construction of a separate building instead. Construction began in 1913 with the design by local architect William C. Knighton. Knighton was the state’s first official architect. The building was completed in early 1914 and the first session of court in the building was held on February 14, 1914 in the third floor courtroom. This was the 55th anniversary of Oregon’s statehood. Total cost for the structure was $320,000.
Prior to the completion of the Oregon State Library Building in 1939 the state library was located in the basement and first floor of the Supreme Court Building. As this building and the Oregon State Capitol were connected by tunnels used for utilities, the fire that destroyed the capitol in 1935 also damaged the library. This was due to all the water that was used to fight the fire drained into the basement and destroyed many books in the library. On October 12, 1962, during the Columbus Day Storm that caused an estimated $170 million in damages, the decorative stained-glass skylight in the courtroom was destroyed. The original stained-glass piece was created by Povey Brothers Art Glass Works, who were the premier artisans of that trade in the Northwest from 1888 to 1929.
Beginning in 1981 the building was renovated with much of the courtroom refurbished with Italian silk paneling, hand-painted carpet, and new furniture built by inmates. This refurbishing was completed in 2002 when the State of Oregon Law Library’s renovations were completed. During this time in 1989, the building was added to Salem’s Historic Properties List as a local historic landmark. Funds for the renovations came from private donors. The stained-glass skylight located above the courtroom that has a design of the Oregon State Seal was reinforced at this time and a protective clear skylight was built over the decorative skylight installed in 1914.
The building’s exterior’s finish is a cream colored terra cotta. It has five ornate columns in relief on the front of the building’s façade. The exterior was designed to resemble the previous Oregon Capitol building (which burned in 1935). On the interior, the building contains a marble finish, ornate spiral staircase, the stained-glass skylight, a library with columns throughout, and tile flooring. The primary wood used in the courtroom is Philippine mahogany.
The Oregon Supreme Court Building currently houses the courtroom for the Supreme Court and the state’s law library. This single courtroom is also home to where oral arguments are heard for the Oregon Court of Appeals, while the building is home to Oregon Judicial Department. The Supreme Court’s courtroom and offices for the justices are located on the third floor. This building is the oldest state government building in Oregon. In 2006, new security measures were implemented at the building that require visitors to sign in with an Oregon State Police officer who is posted at a security desk near the main entrance to the building on the first floor.
The State of Oregon Law Library on the second floor of the building was created in 1848 when Oregon Territory was created. In 1851 the legislature passed an act to provide a librarian for this library that mainly served Oregon government officials. Then in 1855 a capitol building was nearly complete when it burned down on December 29, 1855. This building included the law library on the second floor. In 1905 control of the library was changed to the Oregon Supreme Court and both moved into the Supreme Court Building in 1914. In 2002 the library name was changed from the Oregon Supreme Court Library to the State of Oregon Law Library after the completion of renovations that among other items increased the number of electrical outlets from just two.
Currently the library is open to everyone and is the largest state government law library in the state. The library is a split level facility existing on both the second floor and third floor of the building. The library has a total of 165,000 volumes in its collections. Collections include the laws of all United States jurisdictions, many historical legal documents, and a variety of legal periodicals. The library is also a depository for the Federal Depository Library Program.
Historical documents include an 1854 copy of the Revised Statutes of the Territory of Oregon and a copy of the Congressional Act creating the Oregon Territory from 1848. Historical books include one from 1569 concerning Magna Carta, an 18th-century book by Blackstone, and a 17th-century version of Coke’s Commentary. Additional items of historic note are a large, ornate safe that traveled around Cape Horn and an oak chest built for justice Lord by a prisoner that was allowed to stay in prison after his sentence had ended at his own request. As the primary legal resource for the state government, it also has a collection of case law from all fifty states. Along with the Oregon State Library and Willamette University’s J. W. Long Law Library and Hatfield libraries, the law library is a member of the Hatfield Library Consortium and shares a single reference catalog. The library is staffed by librarians and contains copy machines and computers for legal research.
- Brief History. Salem Online History. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- First State House. Oregon State Capitol, R HMC-1111 (Salem Public Library)
- Corning, Howard M. Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956.
- The Oregonian, January 15, 1893.
- Finnemore, Melody. Built Like a Fortress: Preserving Oregon's Historic Supreme Court Building. Oregon State Bar Bulletin, August/September 2005. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Oregon Historic Photographs Collections: Supreme Court Building, State & 12th Streets, Salem, Oregon. Salem Public Library. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Kester, Randall. Oregon Legal Heritage: EX LIBRIS: A lament for libraries. Oregon State Bar Bulletin, June 2003. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Columbus Day Storm. Everything2. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Christ, Janet. John Povey House proposed for list. The Oregonian, May 6, 1998.
- Historic Properties. City of Salem. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Suo, Steve. Oregon Supreme Court is robed in tradition-bound world of its own. The Oregonian, December 3, 1995.
- Oregon Blue Book: Oregon Court of Appeals. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Office of the State Court Administrator. Oregon Judicial Department. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Oregon Supreme Court Building Security Enhancements. oregoncourt.info. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Oregon Blue Book: State of Oregon Law Library. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
- Monthly Membership Newsletter. Mary Leonard Law Society, May 2007. Retrieved on June 28, 2007.
- "Oregon". Federal Library Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- Main page. State of Oregon Law Library. Retrieved on June 28, 2007.
- About us. State of Oregon Law Library. Retrieved on June 28, 2007. | <urn:uuid:2e3ab14e-a365-43e8-a662-81e0c3a0731c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_State_Supreme_Court_Building | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824931.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022003552-20171022023552-00175.warc.gz | en | 0.95329 | 1,750 | 2.75 | 3 |
Tularemia is a rare infectious disease that can attack the skin, eyes, lymph nodes, lungs and, less often, other internal organs. Often called rabbit fever or deer fly fever, tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. The disease mainly affects mammals, especially rodents, rabbits and hares, although it can also infect birds, reptiles and fish.
Tularemia spreads to humans through several routes, including insect bites and direct exposure to an infected animal. Highly contagious and potentially fatal, tularemia usually can be treated effectively with specific antibiotics if diagnosed early.
Aug. 30, 2012
- Tularemia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html. Accessed May 4, 2012.
- Longo DL, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=9122226. Accessed May 4, 2012.
- McPhee SJ, et al. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2012. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=1. Accessed May 4, 2012.
- Graham J, et al. Tick-borne illnesses: A CME update. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2011;27:141.
- Snowden J, et al. Tularemia: Retrospective review of 10 years' experience in Arkansas. Clinical Pediatrics. 2011;50:64.
- Conlan JW. Tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and remaining hurdles. Future Microbiology. 2011;6:391.
- Safe minimum cooking temperatures. FoodSafety.gov. http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html. Accessed May 15, 2012.
- Game from farm to table. USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/fact_sheets/farm_raised_game/index.asp. Accessed May 15, 2012.
You Are ... The Campaign for Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Make a difference today. | <urn:uuid:7c364760-19ec-47ed-b60e-11c7492f245e> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tularemia/basics/definition/con-20028009?dsection=all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657133033.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00176-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.81165 | 493 | 3.40625 | 3 |
How to Plant Flowering Bulbs
24 March 2017
You love gardening but don’t know how to plant flowering bulbs? This guide tells you everything you need to know about planting bulbs correctly. Incorrectly planted bulbs and maintenance of the bulbs may result in them not sprouting or flowering.
What you will need to plant your bulbs:
• More flowering bulbs than you may need.
• Trowel, spade or any other gardening tool you use to plant bulbs
• A suitable fertiliser for your bulbs
• Mulch for the winter months
• Water and a watering can or hose.
Planting and Maintaining your bulbs:
• When you decide to plant your bulbs check the temperature of the soil, it should ideally be below 15 degrees, the autumn season would most likely be the ideal time. Professional gardeners recommend that you plant the bulbs in October.
• Use as many bulbs as you can, whilst always ensuring you give them enough space to grow, always check the supplier’s recommendations on spacing between bulbs. Rather than placing the bulbs in straight line and being regimented in where you plant them, try grabbing a handful, throwing them and planting them where they land, this will give a more natural look to the resulting floral display.
• Perhaps lay more than one flower species in the bed. This will make your garden maintenance efforts more efficient.
• Consider how much exposure the bulbs will get to the sun, most bulbs grow best if they are planted in a position where they get the full sun throughout the summer season. Most bulbs require at least 6 hours sunlight a day and grow best in well-drained soil. It is always best to check on the packaging of your bulbs, however, in case your specific bulb requires full or partial shade.
• Plant bulbs should be planted at a depth that is three to four times their height. Dig individual holes or if you are planting a number of bulbs, one big hole and place the bulbs in the hole with their roots or basal plate pointing down. Fill the hole back in with soil and press the soil down.
• Ensure you use a suitable and dry fertiliser on the bulbs to help them to grow. Ensure the fertiliser is of a good quality and is low in nitrogen. Sprinkle the fertiliser on top of the soil after you have planted the bulb. Do not place it directly on the roots or the bulb as it could burn through them. After this you will not need to fertilise again until the shoots have started to come through the ground in the spring season. Thereafter you will need to fertilise annually, preferably every autumn; the amount and type of fertiliser that is suitable may vary so you will need to check on the packaging of the plant bulbs or with your local gardener.
• To settle the soil water the soil and the planted bulbs thoroughly.
• You can cover the area of your planted bulbs with thick organic mulch which will improve the quality of the soil and help keep weeds at bay. This will help make garden care easier and less time-consuming.
• Consider adding insect and rodent repellent as it is common problem for newly planted bulbs to get eaten by things like mice. You could even add extra protection in the form of a plastic or mesh covering/chicken wire, or add some sharp gravel of the recently filled up hole. Do your gardening chores on time and enjoy your garden flowers.
• If frost settles in, add mulch to the top of the soil to prevent the bulbs being pushed up and out of the ground.
• Once the flowers have finished blooming in spring, remove the flowers but leave all the leaves and foliage until it turns brown or yellow, then pull it out of the bulb. If you remove the leaves and foliage too early the bulb may not produce as many the following year.
Follow these tips on planting bulbs and garden maintenance and enjoy the floral display! | <urn:uuid:01e48a7c-d916-4c83-9ba7-bff6ce1bfba0> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://handygardeners.com/blog/how-to-plant-flowering-bulbs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257316.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523164007-20190523190007-00516.warc.gz | en | 0.936794 | 804 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Name: Trichogaster trichopterus
Origin: Thailand, Borneo
Three-Spot Gouramies are very hardy and pretty fish which can be readily found in several different color patterns, ranging from light to dark blue, yellow, pink and brown. Dispite the name, many of these have no spots at all. They're often sold to and chosen by beginners because of their hardiness, but they do have two points against this choice: first, they grow rather large (~15 cm) and may overcrowd smaller tanks. Second, the males tend to be very territorial and with their large size will often bully all the smaller fish, forcing them to stay hidden in some corner of the tank. This can be very frustrating to beginners, especially kids. The solution is to keep them in large, well planted tanks, or to keep only females. Sexing them is easy, since the male has a long and pointed dorsal (upper) fin, while the female's is short and rounded (as in the picture above). I find it quite disappointing that few employees in fish shops actually know this difference.
In my experience, I have not had any problem keeping males and females together. I have a total of eight gouramies in a 200 liter tank and I believe that in a tank of such length (1,20 m) one should be okay since the fish have plenty of space to move around. Actually, in my situation, the females are more aggressive than the males! Everyone seems to have a different experience with these fish, and with experience comes knowledge of what works for you.
I keep some (now about ten) gouramies in 200 litres and 1 metre long tank. There are also some other species, mostly catfishes. Occasionally even a couple of barbuses for a moment. Up to now without conflicts as gouramies are bigger. During a couple of years gouramies are dominating in this tank and regularly nesting and spawning. I have a lot of Ceratophyllum plants on the surface and it is protecting offspring. Once I had 3 successful nests at the same time with about 30 cm distance. Sometimes females get smaller damages from males, but damages quickly recover and females don`t look stressed.
One of the color variants is called the "Opaline Gourami" or the "Cosby Gourami" after the fish breeder who first established it. In this fish the dark spots are replaced by a marbleized patterning of dark ink blue against the light metallic blue of the body. This is one of the most beautiful of the many color varieties of Trichogaster and Colisa spp. however, when you choose this fish don't accept one where the spots are still distinct, they should be blended into the clody rippled markings of the fish. This Gourami too is subject to intestinal parasites: it needs a quarantine and medication for nematodes before you introduce it to your aquarium.
I haven't intentionally bred these Gouramies, but I've seen them mature and spawn in my tanks, so here's how it normally went:
- As they mature, the male develops a more slender body and a longer and more pointed dorsal fin. Females develop huge whitish bellies, which means they're full of eggs. Their dorsal fins are short and rounded.
- The dominant male chooses some corner of the tank where the water is still, marks his territory and starts building a bubble nest. His colors become very intense (deep blue) and he won't tolerate ANYONE, not even you, coming near his corner. Whenever I stuck my hand into the tank for maintenance he would visciously attack it...good thing they don't have teeth :-)
- He then moves around the tank looking for a receptive female. If they aren't ready they'll just run away while he chases them for a while. If one of them is receptive, he eventually attracts her to just below the bubble nest.
- They begin some interesting dances, and at some moment he bends his entire body, embracing the female's belly, and "squeezes" out the eggs and fertilizes them. This is a truly fantastic scene, it's hard to believe that the male can bend that much until you actually see it.
- They make sure the eggs get to the bubble nest and stick to the bubbles. After that the female is typically dismissed and the male takes over caring for the eggs.
- The eggs hatch after 2 or 3 days (if I remember correctly) and that's the end of the story where my experience is concerned, since the babies had this inevitable tendency to go hide inside other fish's bellies :-)
I believe they need still, warm and soft water in order to do this. The spawning conditions in my tank were typically T 27-30 C, pH 6.6-7.2, GH 3-5. | <urn:uuid:47457732-f550-4687-b27e-f114a24d3421> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.aquahobby.com/gallery/e_tricho.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891817999.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180226025358-20180226045358-00686.warc.gz | en | 0.970511 | 1,007 | 2.75 | 3 |
Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Wash Waters Using Dilute Chlorine Bleach Solutions at Different Temperatures and pH Levels
Gallardo, Vincente, D. Schupp, J. Heckman, R. Krishnan, AND E. Rice. Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Wash Waters Using Dilute Chlorine Bleach Solutions at Different Temperatures and pH Levels. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH. Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA, , 1-36, (2017).
In the last fifteen years a number of buildings have been intentionally or accidentally contaminated with Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores. During the remediation following these events, disinfectant solutions were often used to wash equipment and building surfaces that may have contained viable B. anthracis spores. In addition, personnel performing the remediation activities were often washed down with cleaning solutions prior to removing personal protective equipment (PPE). In typical operations, the wash water generated from these decontamination processes was collected in containers prior to disposal. Because of the possibility of this water containing B. anthracis spores, disposal often posed a challenge. In this study, inactivation of Bacillus globigii spores in wash water were studied to simulate chlorine inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores in water generated during biological cleanup. Eight waters were studied, with six containing detergent. Results across different waters showed decreasing inactivation with increasing pH. Inactivation did not appear to be influenced by chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, turbidity, or dissolved solids.
URLs/Downloads:INACTIVATION OF BACILLUS SPORES IN WASH WATERS USING DILUTE CHLORINE BLEACH SOLUTIONS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND PH LEVELS Exit
Free access through PubMed Central Exit | <urn:uuid:8376f385-a928-48bd-bea9-149a2e16fe35> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=337353&Lab=NHSRC&fed_org_id=1253&view=desc&subject=Homeland%20Security%20Research&sortby=pubDateYear&showcriteria=1&count=25&searchall='Water%20treatment'%20OR%20chlorination%20OR%20chloramine%20OR%20biofilm%20OR%20'chlorine%20inactivation' | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057421.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923104706-20210923134706-00385.warc.gz | en | 0.901248 | 383 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Maize / Corn / Makai Price in Pakistan Today 2024
Maize (corn) is a major staple crop in Pakistan and is widely grown for food and feed purposes. It is the third largest cereal crop grown in the country, after wheat and rice. The majority of maize grown in Pakistan is used for animal feed, with the remainder being used for human consumption and industrial purposes such as starch production. The main maize-growing regions in Pakistan are Punjab and Sindh provinces.
The Maize (corn) price in Pakistan today 2024 is updated on this page whatisprice website. The Pakistani government provides various forms of support for maize farmers, including subsidies for seed and fertilizer, credit, and extension services.
آج کا مکئی کا ریٹ – قیمت فی 40 کلو گرام پیک
|District / City
|Minimum Rate Per 40 KG
|Maximum Rate Per 40 KG
|Dera Ismail Khan
|Rahim Yar Khan
|Toba Tek Singh
What is maize :
Maize, also known as Corn, is a cereal grain that is widely grown for food and livestock feed. It is a staple food in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. Some of the properties of maize include being high in carbohydrates and protein and having a relatively low glycemic index.
Maize in Pakistan:
In Pakistan, maize is used primarily for food, feed, and industrial purposes. It is a major crop in the country and is used to make a variety of food products, including flour, grits, and corn oil. It is also used as feed for livestock, particularly chickens and cattle. In addition, maize is used in the production of industrial products such as starch and biofuels.
Maize in Pakistan Growth :
Maize production is an important contributor to Pakistan’s GDP. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the value of maize production in Pakistan was approximately $3.3 billion in 2020, making it the third-highest value crop in the country behind cotton and wheat. Additionally, the agricultural sector accounts for around 21% of Pakistan’s GDP, so maize production plays a significant role in the country’s overall economic growth.
Maize uses in Pakistan:
- Food: Maize is a staple food in Pakistan, used to make various products such as flour, grits, and corn oil.
- Feed: Maize is used as feed for livestock, particularly chickens and cattle.
- Industrial uses: Maize is used in the production of industrial products such as starch, corn syrup and biofuels.
- Cereals and snacks: Maize is used in the production of cereals and snacks such as corn flakes, popcorn, and corn chips.
- Animal feed: Maize is used as animal feed for poultry, cattle, and fish.
- Beverages: Maize is used in the production of soft drinks, beer, and whiskey.
- Pharmaceuticals: Maize is used in the production of certain pharmaceutical products such as glucose and dextrose.
- Cosmetics: Maize is used in the production of certain cosmetic products such as body lotions and creams.
- Paper: Maize is used in the production of certain types of paper such as corrugated cardboard.
- Adhesives: Maize is used in the production of certain types of adhesives such as corn starch glue.
- Textiles: Maize is used in the production of certain types of textiles such as corn fiber fabric.
- Plastics: Maize is used in the production of certain types of plastics such as biodegradable corn-based plastics.
- Biodegradable plastics: Maize is used to make biodegradable plastics that can be used in packaging and disposable products.
- Ethanol: Maize is used to produce ethanol, which is used as a fuel additive and a solvent.
- Cooking oil: Maize oil is used for cooking, frying and in the production of margarine and shortening.
- Starch: Maize is used in the production of corn starch, which is used in a wide range of products including adhesives, paper, and textiles.
- Sweeteners: Maize is used to produce sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup and dextrose.
- Industrial alcohol: Maize is used to produce industrial alcohol, which is used in the production of a wide range of products including perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning products.
- Biodegradable packing materials: Maize is used to make biodegradable packing materials such as corn-based foam.
- Biogas: Maize is used as a feedstock to produce biogas, which can be used as a source of energy.
Maize Industries and products of maize in Pakistan:
It is a well-known fact that Pakistan is an agricultural country and maize is one of the most important crops in Pakistan. Therefore, there are likely many industries involved in the production, processing, and distribution of maize in Pakistan. These industries may include those that grow, harvest, and process the maize, as well as those that manufacture products made from maize such as flour, corn oil, and animal feed. Additionally, there are also likely trading companies and export businesses that specialize in exporting maize and maize-based products from Pakistan to other countries.
Mostly Asked questions about maize production in Pakistan:
Q: What are the major regions in Pakistan where maize is grown?
The major regions in Pakistan where maize is grown include Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan.
Q: What are the major challenges facing maize production in Pakistan?
Some of the major challenges facing maize production in Pakistan include water scarcity, lack of modern farming techniques, lack of proper storage facilities, and pest and disease infestation.
Q: What is the role of government in maize production in Pakistan?
The government plays a role in supporting maize production in Pakistan through policies and programs aimed at increasing productivity and profitability, such as providing subsidies for fertilizers and seeds, investing in research and development, and building storage facilities.
Q: How does climate change affect maize production in Pakistan?
Climate change can affect maize production in Pakistan by leading to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, which can lead to crop failures, reduced yields, and increased pest and disease pressure.
Q: How does the use of genetically modified maize seed affect maize production in Pakistan?
The use of genetically modified (GM) maize seed can potentially increase yields and reduce the use of pesticides, but there is also concern about potential negative impacts on the environment and human health.
Q: What are the export opportunities for maize and maize-based products from Pakistan?
Pakistan has export opportunities for maize and maize-based products in the region, particularly in neighboring countries such as Afghanistan, Iran, and China.
Q: What are the major maize-based industries in Pakistan?
Some major maize-based industries in Pakistan include feed manufacturing, starch and glucose production, and biofuel production.
Q: What are the major maize-based food products in Pakistan?
Some major maize-based food products in Pakistan include corn flour, corn grits, and corn oil. | <urn:uuid:420c491a-b805-4de3-9f05-744a954fd5fd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://whatisprice.pk/maize-price-in-pakistan-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474686.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227184934-20240227214934-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.917373 | 1,532 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Free science presentations Oct. 10, 14
The Virginia Museum of Natural History is hosting two science-themed presentations free to the public on October 10 and 14, with guest speakers from the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University. Dr. Bernard Means of VCU will present "Adventures into the (Virtual) Unknown: 3D Laser Scanning and America's Past" on Thursday, October 10 from 6 to 7 p.m., while Dr. Larry Richards of UVA will present “Engineering Greats” on Monday, October 14, also from 6 to 7 p.m.
"Adventures into the (Virtual) Unknown: 3D Laser Scanning and America's Past” will focus on how technology and 3D laser scanning has helped advance the fields of anthropology and archaeology over recent years. The presentation will be conducted by Dr. Bernard Means, instructor of anthropology at VCU, who has completed extensive 3D scanning work at the museum in recent months.
“Engineering Greats” will highlight the contributions of engineering professionals that have shaped the world we know today. Dr. Larry Richards, who serves as professor in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Virginia, will conduct the presentation, which is geared towards both adults and students, especially students at the high school level and above.
Each presentation will take place in the museum’s Walker Lecture Hall and each is free to the public thanks to generous donations to the VMNH Foundation Discovery Fund. For more information about these events, visit www.vmnh.net or email email@example.com.
About Dr. Bernard Means
Dr. Bernard K. Means has a B.A. in Anthropology and a minor in Physics from Occidental College, Los Angeles, and a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Arizona State University. His dissertation research involved applying new theories and cutting-edge technologies to American Indian village sites from southwestern Pennsylvania, many excavated during the 1930s by New Deal archaeologists. Means's scholarly pursuits include reconstructing American Indian village life from cross-cultural studies of village spatial and social organizations, the research potential of archaeological collections, applications of accelerator mass spectrometry dating to developing new chronological frameworks in southwestern Pennsylvania and northwestern Virginia, archaeological investigations of the Monongahela Tradition, directional statistics and analysis of mortuary and other archaeological data, and, the history of New Deal archaeology in Pennsylvania and across America.
About Dr. Larry Richards
Richards is a professor in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Virginia. He came to UVA in 1969, joined the School of Engineering and Applied Science in 1976, and moved to mechanical and aerospace engineering in 1985 to develop and administer the manufacturing systems engineering program. He served as director of the program from 1986 to 2002, and director of the A. H. Small Center for Computer Aided Engineering from 1992 to 2002. Richards now teaches courses on creativity and new product development, invention and design, and graduate probability and statistics for engineers and scientists. He regularly offers courses via distance education through the Commonwealth Graduate Engineering program.
For the past 12 years, Richards has brought Engineering Teaching Kits into middle school science and math classes through the Virginia Middle School Engineering Education Initiative. These kits introduce the engineering design approach to problem solving, and teach key science and math concepts using guided inquiry. The kits have been developed on over 50 topics, including submersible vehicles, solar cars, heat transfer, building bridges, catapults and projectile motion, water filtration systems, electricity and magnetism, crash testing and passenger protection, aerospace engineering, sustainable house design, simple machines, and brain surgery. Teams of undergraduate students design and implement the kits, and field-test them in local schools. Recently, Richards has been working with middle schools near the new Rolls Royce Crosspointe manufacturing facility and helping teachers bring engineering into their classes.
Richards is active in the American Society of Engineering Education and Frontiers in Education. He is past chairman of the society's educational research and methods division, and has been on the advisory board for the K - 12 engineering education and outreach division. He is a Fellow of the society, and serves as the UVA campus representative. | <urn:uuid:cc07b8da-0503-48dd-b686-e04e5e42a339> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.vmnh.net/news/details/id/292/free-science-presentations-oct-10,-14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320873.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626235612-20170627015612-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.943016 | 866 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Report on the Ramsar Advisory Mission to Pakistan undertaken in response to the disastrous floods in 2010
The RAM was undertaken in response to the disastrous floods in 2010 that Pakistan faced and the aims were to visit the wetlands along the Indus River floodplains to a), devise a workable and cost effective strategy for wise-use of the floods b), to make recommendations for alteration in the prevailing flood control strategy so as to obtain maximum benefit from the flood water and c), identify high priority wetlands/Ramsar Sites for restoration by using the floods as a tool for restoration.
|RAM team in discussion|
The visit highlighted the fact that the Indus River is truly the lifeblood for Pakistan, flowing through the country to provide water and nutrients for agriculture, as well as food, energy and livelihood for people across the country, from the high mountains to the Arabian Sea. However, there is a lack of an integrated basin approach to the management of the river to maintain the many services and benefits that the river provides for people and the environment, including it capacity for flood retention.
The overall recommendations from the RAM included the following:
- A broad-based coordinating authority should be established for the sustainable management of the Indus River Basin in Pakistan and its resources, e.g. water, fisheries, biodiversity, as well as for pollution control and flood management;
- The coordinating body should be tasked with drafting and regularly updating an ‘Integrated Indus River Basin Plan’ to coordinate up-stream land-uses with the needs of down-stream users, which can also maintain the social, economic , environmental and flood control benefits that the river provides through maintaining environmental flows;
- The government should move away from the paradigm of solely using a hard-engineering approach to controlling flood and instead, take an integrated approach and consider including soft-engineering approaches. This would include managing floodplains and using, or restoring lakes and ponds for flood water storage, and the replanting of riverine forests to slow the speed of the flood waters. There is a need to take the traditional approach of looking at the annual floods as blessings and to maximise the benefits we can obtain from them.
|Lal Suhanra wetland|
- A number of sites along the Indus River were identified as being suitable for further investigation for conducting pilot projects on the restoration and management of floodplains for flood management as well as for the improving the livelihood of the local communities. These sites include the ponds by Taunsa Barrage Ramsar Site, as well as sites in the Indus Dolphin Ramsar Site and at Lal Suhanra National Park;
- The management plans that are being developed for the Ramsar Sites along the Indus River floodplain, e.g. Taunsa Barrage, should also discuss and provide recommendations on the management of the site for flood management;
- Activities under the pilot project would include the removal of illegal structures and encroachments into the sites which otherwise would obstruct the flow of water and impact on the capacity of the site to hold flood water;
- To control encroachment of the flood plains by illegal settlements and illegal structures in general, the staff of the Irrigation Department should be empowered and strengthened by facilitating them to enforce the Canal and Drainage Act (1873);
- The trial of alternative livelihood methods which are adapted to the annual floods for the benefit of the local communities; restoration and management of ponds and lakes for flood water storage; develop opportunities for biodiversity conservation (e.g. restoration of riverine forests and provisions of habitat for waterbirds) as well as for education and public awareness should be undertaken.
|Farming in the floodplain by the Indus River|
Report and photos by Lew Young, Senior Regional Advisor for Asia-Oceania | <urn:uuid:43d1ba35-85a3-409e-b11d-5d46358bd306> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-news-ram-pakistan-news/main/ramsar/1-26%5E26207_4000_0__ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533308.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00439-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954683 | 774 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Definition of kinkajou
n. - A nocturnal carnivorous mammal (Cercoleptes caudivolvulus) of South America, about as large as a full-grown cat. It has a prehensile tail and lives in trees. It is the only representative of a distinct family (Cercoleptidae) allied to the raccoons. Called also potto, and honey bear. 2
The word "kinkajou" uses 8 letters: A I J K K N O U.
No direct anagrams for kinkajou found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after kinkajou (in bold), or to aijkknou in any order:
s - kinkajous
All words formed from kinkajou by changing one letter
Browse words starting with kinkajou by next letter | <urn:uuid:73c934bf-3ab4-47fc-9340-781d6164c9d7> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.morewords.com/word/kinkajou/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768378.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00144-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910715 | 191 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In the last days of Hitler’s life, a half-Jewish doctor was holding his hand. Theodor Morell was a German doctor coming from a partly Jewish family and was a specialist in skin and venereal diseases. He studied medicine in Grenoble and Paris and established his medical practice in Berlin. Morell also claimed that he studied under the Russian biologist and Nobel Prize winner Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov.
Before serving at the front during the First World War, Morell worked as a ship’s doctor. After the war, he moved to Berlin where he became famous for his unconventional treatments and apparently was the personal physician of the Shah of Persia and the King of Romania. In 1933 he joined the Nazi Party.
In 1935 he was treating the official photographer of Hitler – Heinrich Hoffman for gonorrhoea and then Franziska Braun, the mother of Eva Braun. At the time Hitler was suffering from stomach cramps and no medicine could heal him, so his photographer recommended Morell to him. It was 1936 when Morell examined Hitler and concluded that he suffered from “complete exhaustion of the intestinal system”.
Morell’s treatment for Hitler’s cramps contained a mixture of vitamins and a hydrolyzed E. coli bacteria called Mutaflor. With the treatment, Hitler got better and besides his healed stomach; during the treatment, a leg rash that he had for a while also disappeared. Hitler was convinced that Morell was a medical genius and appointed him as his personal physician.
Even though Morell was a recognized doctor across Germany and was personally recommended by Hitler, some people from the leadership such as Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, and Albert Speer believed that he was a sham. In his autobiography Inside the Third Reich, Speer has written about his experience with doctor Morell saying that in 1936 he had circulation and stomach problems so he called Hitler’s doctor.
Without a detailed examination, Morell prescribed Speer with his intestinal bacteria, dextrose, vitamins and hormone tablets. Suspicious of his diagnosis and treatment, Speer went for another examination by Professor von Bergmann who concluded that his symptoms were nervous caused by overwork. Being afraid of offending Hitler, Speer claimed that he is taking the therapy prescribed by Morell and that it made him feel better.
There was a time when Hitler suffered from grogginess in the morning and was given one of Morell’s injections “Vitamultin” that Morell himself invented and claimed to consist of water mixed with a substance from several small, gold-foiled packets. However, Himmler’s physician Ernst-Günther Schenck took a sample of the “Vitamultin” and after testing it in a laboratory concluded that it has methamphetamine.
Morell kept a medical diary of the drugs, tonics, vitamins and other substances he administered to Hitler, usually by injection (up to 20 times per day) or in pill form. Some of them were Morell’s own mixes. His experiments sometimes contained toxic and addictive compounds such as heroin.
Later, historians speculated that Morell played a big role in Hitler’s deteriorating health. Some of the compounds given to Hitler and written in Morell’s diary were: atropine, caffeine, cocaine, adrenaline, morphine, testosterone, lipids derived from animal tissues and fats and many others.
When Morell was captured by the Americans, on of his interrogators described him as fat, disgusting, and as lacking hygiene. He was never charged with a crime but his health deteriorated and he died in a Tegernsee hospital in 1948.
Goring referred to Morell as “The Master of the Imperial Needle” and he was also known as “Doctor Feelgood”. | <urn:uuid:07c183e4-72ce-412b-8d54-25987190ec5b> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/10/29/theodor-morell-was-hitlers-personal-physician-who-was-treating-him-with-unorthodox-medication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371700247.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407085717-20200407120217-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.986656 | 800 | 3.125 | 3 |
This week in When Science Fiction Becomes Reality I want to highlight a very cool piece of technology which is just starting to come into its own… echolocation.
This incredible science uses echoes and sounds to measure the dimensions of a room (kind of like sonar). More of the science is described here, but I wanted to talk more about the future of this technology.
So at the moment we need several microphones which will will map out the dimensions of a room (or a cathedral!). In just a few years I’m sure this will advance to mapping out entire buildings, perhaps complete with furniture and lifeforms. And maybe this technology could come from something as simple as a phone? Smart phones can already do so much, with this new algorithm and a bit of tweaking they could become personalised sonar devices.
What does this mean for the future (and for our beloved science fiction genre)? Well, soldiers could instantaneously get a floor plan for a building complete with enemy locations- that kind of technology could definitely come in handy! Of course at the moment this technology is aimed at optimising amphitheaters etc. but there is so much more potential! Aside from soldiers, this technology could help sight impaired people, if you combine it with a pin-point accurate GPS- it could walk a person through their house using audio, stopping any collisions! Architects, builders, interior designers; all could benefit from this kind of technology, from the ability to instantly measure a room.
Explorers would also get a kick out of these advancements. Have you ever been stuck in a dark cave and you don’t know how far it goes or which way is out? No problem! Just send out your sonar and up comes a map of the cave system.
How can you see this technology being used? Tell us about it in the comments section below. | <urn:uuid:94a3d89f-0865-4822-b5af-3e258ca384c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://saffronbryant.com/echolocation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00762.warc.gz | en | 0.961507 | 385 | 2.8125 | 3 |
How to convert Kilometer to FootThe kilometre or kilometer is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres. It is now the measurement unit used officially for expressing distances between geographical places on land in most of the world; notable exceptions are the United States and the road network of the United Kingdom where the statute mile is the official unit used.
The foot is a unit of length in the imperial and US customary systems of measurement. Since the International Yard and Pound Agreement of 1959, one foot is defined as 0.3048 meter exactly. In customary and imperial units, the foot comprises 12 inches and three feet compose a yard.
Use the following method to convert a kilometer into a foot unit:
One kilometer equals to 1/0.0003048 foot.
10 km = 10 * ( 1 / 0.0003048 = ~3280.839895013 ) ft = ~32808.398950131 ft | <urn:uuid:5248be7f-129f-433b-a908-4e6a351ee26d> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.convzone.com/kilometer-to-foot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370493121.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328225036-20200329015036-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.752726 | 198 | 3.296875 | 3 |
American Enterprise Institute
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American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a private nonprofit American institution of research founded in 1943 by American industrialist Lewis H. Brown. One of the oldest and most-influential think tanks in the United States, it supports limited government, private enterprise, and democratic capitalism. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
AEI originally consisted of 12 resident thinkers who set up the institute to serve as an advocate for big business and the promotion of free enterprise. It became a major research organization and think tank in the 1970s, under the leadership of William Baroody, Sr., who served as president of the institute until 1978. During his presidency the AEI expanded to 145 resident scholars, 80 adjunct scholars, and a large support staff.
From its founding the AEI played a prominent role in politics in the United States, and people affiliated with the organization have served in influential government positions. Its influence grew stronger during the administration of Pres. George W. Bush, in which Dick Cheney, an AEI member, served as vice president of the United States. Also, because most of the AEI’s board of directors are typically CEOs of major U.S. companies, the organization can also exercise considerable influence through its connections in the business world.
The AEI’s operations are financed by contributions from foundations, corporate sponsors, and individuals. The AEI maintains close ties with scholars and fellows at research universities in the United States who conduct research for the institute and attend its conferences. The institute publishes research articles, books, and the policy magazine The American.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Antonin Scalia: Education and early career…review published by the conservative American Enterprise Institute. In 1982 President Ronald Reagan nominated him to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Nominated by Reagan to the Supreme Court in 1986, he won unanimous confirmation in the U.S. Senate.…
Irving Kristol: Early life and career…Distinguished Fellow (1988–99) at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank; he was thereafter senior fellow and senior fellow emeritus. Under his influence the American Enterprise Institute became the centre of neoconservative scholarship in the country.…
John Bolton…prominent conservative organizations, including the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), at which he was a vice president in 1997–2001, and the Project for the New American Century. He also was an official of the Republican National Committee.… | <urn:uuid:20cf69e3-1789-4571-b04f-7fbceb973f8d> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Enterprise-Institute | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703519923.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210120054203-20210120084203-00514.warc.gz | en | 0.957789 | 552 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Do you know what a finch is? It is a small Australian bird. People love to keep it as a pet in their houses because of its fun and quirky personality. Finches are easy to take care of and breeding them is not difficult. There are different types of finches and the easiest to breed successfully are the Society and the Zebra finches. These finches have a maternal instinct especially the Zebra finch. It can bring up the young ones of other finches like the rare Australian Grass finch.
Many species of the finch have varied physical appearances depending on their gender whereas; a few of the species have similar features. However, a male finch can only be distinguished through its behavior or song. But for the Zebra finch there are different characteristics which distinguish their gender. Mutations may cause some color alteration and varied characters in the Zebra Finch. However, some of the features remain unchanged. The male Zebra finch has a distinguished feature of orange patches on its cheek and a black and white striped throat. Also on the breast there is a Black bar and white spots in a chestnut colored flank. The female Zebra finch does not have the above characters but are pale in the areas mentioned for the male Zebra finch. The male has a beak which is bright red in color and it is orange for the females. Juveniles have a black beak and the rest resembles that of the female Zebra finch. When they are about 90 days old the beak and the colors are matured.
The arrival of spring is the beginning of the breeding season. In order to successfully breed, each species of finch needs a suitable environment unique to itself. Few of the species can breed in an isolated breeding box. However, others need the company of other birds in a large area. A pair of Zebra finches who are compatible with each other will breed in any kind of atmosphere. In addition, the Zebra finch couple is good at parenting and does not have problems while breeding. The responsibility to raise the young is shared by both male and female. In fact the male weaves the nest for the eggs. If you want to see it weave in your cage, you may supply him with grasses, feathers or the readymade material that is available commercially. Most pet supply stores will be able to help you with finch nesting materials. You will want to remove the excess material from the cage after the female lays her eggs. Otherwise, the male finch will cover the eggs to make alterations in his nest building.
The average clutch size of the female Zebra finch is four to five eggs. The hen will lay one egg per day for four to five days. There are some species of finches which lay only two eggs whereas there are others that will lay up to ten eggs. The hen stays at her nest most of the time after she has laid the eggs but the male finch gives her company and helps her to take breaks for food and exercise. The eggs take twelve to eighteen days to hatch after they have been laid.
We know that every new parent needs an unlimited access to calcium. The demand for Calcium is very high when the babies are in the nest. The calcium for the finch parents can be provided through cuttlebone and high protein diet. When the chicks are 18 days old the feathers start growing and they leave the nest. And when they are one month old they eat their food on their own and can be left independently. At that time the young | <urn:uuid:34926e27-38e4-4eab-9632-20559a08baea> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.finchinformationcenter.com/breeding-finches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802767828.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075247-00109-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969443 | 720 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Happy Belated Birthday Mr. Wassily Kandinsky!
I've sat through numerous art history classes during my years of schooling. Every single time one of Kandinsky's paintings appeared on the screen, it instantly captured my attention. The glow of the screen projector made the colors pop. His style is so distinct and characteristic of the era.
Kandinsky was a master of the Gestalt principles, whether he himself realized it or not. He knew how to harness the power of the principles to create an art piece that truly sang to me, as if notes from a sheet of music were somehow translated into geometric lines, shapes, and forms onto canvas. His work is timeless, and I think all designers can learn to better themselves by simply digging a little deeper into Kandinsky's work and processes.
Earlier I mentioned the Gestalt Principles. "What is gestalt?" you may ask. By definition, it can be translated from German to mean "shape" or "form." In theory, Gestalt is a term most commonly used in psychology that means "unified whole." You may have heard of the phrase, "the whole is more than the sum of its parts." For a while, this theory perplexed me, until I learned more about the Gestalt theory.
It was first introduced in a ground-breaking paper by Max Wertheimer in 1923, an Austro-Hungarian-born psychologist, and was further developed by German psychologists Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, and others.
The Gestalt theory can spark new light when it comes to design. It helps us to think about our compositions in ways that we have not imagined them before. In fact, many principles that come from the Gestalt theory can be applied to all forms of art and design, from painting to photography, digital design to architecture, and good old fashioned print design.
As consumers of various user interfaces (UIs) on a day-to-day basis, we tend to view these UIs as a whole before we see the individual elements that make up the entire interface. Below are the various principles the Gestalt theory covers. All of these principles can be summarized in a few sentences, but the detailed theory behind them can be explored endlessly, should you desire to do so. Let this be a brief introduction to greater understanding.
Our eyes try to differentiate an object from its surrounding area. If you think about it, it's an evolutionary advantage. When we were surviving on the plains of Africa, our vision helped us to spot potential prey or to narrowly escape our potential predators.
A form, silhouette, or shape is inherently perceived as figure (object), while the area surrounding it is perceived as ground (background). We have a tendency to see the figure as positioned in the front, and the ground at a further depth plane that continues to extend behind the figure. The classic Rubin vase illusion of face profiles versus a vase is a great example of figure vs ground. What do you see first? To some, it may seem like an ordinary vase. To others, it may be two faces facing each other over a gray background.
Another great example of figure vs ground is the illustration below. Do you see a silhouette of a tree, or a gorilla and lion facing each other?
The two examples above leave us with a sense of confusion, as we are not sure which item is figure and which is ground. When users are looking at designs, one of the first things they will do is determine what elements are figure and what is ground. This is mostly a subconscious thought, unless a designer is purposely trying to create a juxtaposition between the two. The easier it is for a user to distinguish between what elements are figure and what elements are ground, the better their user experience, as the elements are not creating unwanted noise or confusion within a design.
Area & Convexity
Area and Convexity can further define the differences between figure and ground.
In the principle of area, the smaller of two overlapping objects is commonly interpreted as figure, while the larger object is interpreted as ground.
In the principle of convexity, convex patterns tend to be perceived as figures more than concave patterns.
With the principle of similarity, elements that share similar characteristics are perceived as more related than elements that do not share those characteristics. This statement sounds obvious, but it can be manipulated in various ways.
Characteristics that can be potentially manipulated are:
When viewing a group of objects, elements sharing the same characteristics as mentioned above are perceived as being related.
One example of similarity when applied to web design is the usage of link colors. Usually, links are styled differently from the rest of the content, but each are styled similarly. The old standard used to be blue, underlined text, but that has since changed to accommodate unique styling based on a design. The rule here is to keep link and button styles consistent. Users not only consume a website's or app's content, but they also learn how to navigate through it based on visual cues. If a link color is blue on one page, but orange on another, users will have trouble differentiating what text type is a link versus an accent color, highlighted text, and the like.
Conversely, when similarity does occur, an object can be emphasized further if it is dissimilar to other objects. This is called an anomaly, or focal point, of a set of elements. These elements can hold the viewer's attention. Naturally, our brains are wired to spot patterns, and if an element contrasts from the rest of the surrounding elements, we quickly become aware of it. This goes back to ancient humans spotting potential prey or predators back on the plains of Africa where quickly identifying a contrasting element from its surrounding environment, no matter how subtle it may be, can be the difference between eating or being eaten.
Law of Pragnanz
Roughly translated, this means Law of orderliness or simplicity. As human beings, we prefer things that are simple, ordered, and uncluttered. We attempt to perceive complex or anomalous shapes into the most simplest forms possible for ourselves. Take for example, the object below. You can probably make out a square, circle, and triangle from this form, but by itself, it is ambiguous in shape.
Closure occurs when an object is incomplete or not entirely enclosed. Our brains attempt to fill in the gaps if enough information is provided to us. Again, this is our human instinct, as we try to simplify what we see into the most basic shapes or forms. By doing so, we can process what we see easier and faster without overcomplicating ourselves.
Like Pragnanz, this law yearns for simplicity. Unlike Pragnanz, however, instead of separating and interpreting different shapes from one large form, we do the opposite; we combine different parts to form a whole. Take for example, the three circles with triangle cutouts in each one. For most people, we see a white triangle overlaying the three circles at its points. Another example is the panda figure, also below. We attempt to close the white gaps to process the image in our minds. By combining different shapes to form a single shape, we simplify a figure, gaining clarity and understanding.
With the law of continuation, we prefer to see continuous, unbroken paths and curves. Our eyes move through one object and continue to follow its intended path. Elements arranged in a line or curve are typically perceived as being related to each other, even if we attempt to apply other Gestalt laws with it. If we see the example below, these two lines intersect. Here, the law of Similarity (green color) is actually weaker than the law of Continuation (following a path), as we try to view this green and gray path as a horizontal line, rather than an angled green line and angled gray line.
With the law of unity, elements that have a visual connection are perceived as related, whereas elements with no connection are not related.
In the figure below, we see 2 sets of a circle and square connected by a line, rather than a pair of each form. Note that lines do not necessarily have to touch other objects to form a connection; they can simply point to an object to imply one.
Uniform connectedness can also refer to a relation of elements that are defined by enclosing elements within other elements, regions, or defined areas. In the figure below, we see two separate sets of circles, even though they may share the same shape and color. Because of the enclosure, we no longer pair the green circles together, but rather, as their own separate entities within each enclosed region.
In design, the use of borders around a group of elements is a great way to create a distinct separation from other elements near it.
The Law of Proximity states that elements that are close to each other are perceived as a related group than elements that lie farther apart. If you take a look at the illustration below, the one on the left has circles placed without proximity. All of the circles are perceived as their own separate shape. The illustration on the right has grouped the circles into a uniformed block. Because of this grouping, they are now perceived as one group rather than individual shapes. This law is similar to the law of Common Regions, but instead employs the use of space rather than enclosure to separate elements from one another.
1 + 1 = 3 effect
Typically, we think of white space as a background element, but when manipulated, it can become an active visual element. An example is the 1 + 1 = 3 effect. When elements are placed closely together, the white space between the objects transforms into its own individual element, becoming visually active as the elements move closer together. We've seen an example of a grid of squares and the optical illusion of seeing gray dots in between the corners of the grid. We can avoid amplification of this noise by being mindful of how we place elements on our mockups and how much space we give between elements.
By and large, human beings are more or less symmetrical. We have a pair of eyes, ears, legs, arms, hands, feet, etc. It is in our nature to attempt to perceive objects as having some form of symmetry. Below, we see a group of brackets. Rather than perceiving them as an individual group of open brackets and an individual group of closed brackets, we see them as three pairs of open and closed brackets. Here, symmetry trumps similarity. Also with this example, symmetry trumps proximity, as we view an open and closed bracket pairing, rather than two sets of closed and open brackets with lone brackets on either side of them.
Common Fate (Synchrony)
With the Law of Common Fate, elements that move in the same direction are perceived as being more related than elements that are stationary or that move in different directions. Elements that change at the same time are also grouped together. Regardless of their shape, color, etc., elements that are seen as moving or changing together will be perceived as being related.
Elements that are parallel to each other are seen as more related than elements that are not parallel to each other. Lines are often interpreted as leading, pointing, or moving in some direction. Parallel lines pointing or moving in the same direction are perceived as being related because of this same directional movement.
The Law of Past Experiences is a tricky law to employ, as it is highly subjective based upon an individual. It is perceived that elements that are shared within our past are known as being related. For example, a red, yellow, and green light in a row or column tends to convey to many as a stop light. We perceive red as stop, yellow as slow down/stop, and green as go. Because of our past experience, we may assume that many others will understand the same thing.
The same can be true for language. We perceive a pattern of strokes that are grouped to form characters or letters, which are then understood as words that form sentences. This is universal across all languages (provided that you understand the language in which you reference). Note that this arrangement of characters may not be familiar if observers lack such past experiences with the characters (people that view the word dog with no understanding of English will not know what this word conveys).
With this example, the law of proximity goes hand in hand with the law of past experiences. By inserting blank space characters between words, our eyes group together the letters correctly, thereby establishing words as the most recognizable visual units in text, rather than individual letters. Compare this to the style of writing —scriptio continua— for example. We can quickly see the importance of this when we removealloftheblankspacesfromthetextprovided or pl acet heb lanks pacesi nune xpect edo rw rong pla ces.
We've only begun to scratch the surface of the Gestalt principles.
The principles help us to design mindfully, questioning whether or not an element is truly needed or simply unnecessary. Grouping of elements, layouts of a page or screen, size and colors of images, text blocks, and/or shapes are all dictated by these principles. Even emotions can be triggered through the use of these principles. Simply browse through Kandinsky's paintings and one can quickly see the musicality of his works.
If you can harness the power of these principles in such a way to become a master at them, then you will become a master at visually communicating your designs to others in ways that words simply cannot achieve.
Below is a list of resources that brought this blog post to life. Thank you to all who have helped contribute to them. | <urn:uuid:788ff16e-b1a3-4fe5-8ef1-4deaf6058efa> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://graybox.co/knowledge/blog/gestalt-principles-applied-to-design | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304928.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126071320-20220126101320-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.957024 | 2,869 | 2.828125 | 3 |
One of the greatest portrait photographers of the twentieth century, Yousuf Karsh rose from his status of Armenian Genocide survivor to photograph “anyone who was anyone.”
He was born on December 23, 1908, in Mardin, in the province of Diarbekir, to the family of Massih Karsh, a merchant, and Bahai Nakash. The Armenian population of Mardin was mostly Arabic-speaking, and their names were Arabic-looking (Yousuf was the Arabic variant of his Armenian name Hovsep.) In its obituary, The Economist noted that Karsh “thought of himself as an Armenian.”
After the genocide, Karsh and the surviving family members managed to escape to a refugee camp in Aleppo (1922). He migrated to Canada in 1925: “For the moment, it was enough to find myself safe, the massacres, torture, and heartbreak of Armenia behind me,” he wrote in his last years. He went to live and work in Sherbrooke (Quebec) with his maternal uncle George Nakashian (Nakash), a portrait photographer, who taught photography to him. For three years, from 1928 to 1931, Karsh apprenticed in Boston for John H. Garo, the most prominent Armenian photographer in America at the time.
Back to Canada, Karsh opened his first studio in Ottawa in 1932, where he remained for the next forty years. He married French-born actress Solange Gathier (1902−1961) in 1939. After losing his wife to cancer in 1961, Karsh remarried to Estrellita Maria Nachbar, a medical writer, in 1962.
Karsh specialized in photographing almost exclusively famous people. Asked about this, he replied: “I am working with the world's most remarkable cross-section of people. I do believe it's the minority who make the world go around, not the majority.” His initial success came after capturing the attention of Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King, who helped him arrange photography sessions with visiting dignitaries.
Such an arrangement in 1941 derived in his iconic photo of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (picture). It was taken after a speech on World War II to the Canadian Parliament members. The British politician is particularly noted for his posture and facial expression, which have been compared to the wartime feelings of persistence that prevailed in Great Britain in the face of an all-conquering enemy. The photo, characterized by The Economist as the “most reproduced portrait in the history of photography,” now hangs on the wall of the chamber of the Speaker of the House of Commons in the Canadian Parliament, where it was taken.
During World War II, Karsh photographed political and military leaders, and in the post-war period he began capturing photos of writers, actors, artists, musicians, scientists, and celebrities. Some of his notable portraits included George Bernard Shaw (1943), Dwight Eisenhower (1946), Georgia O’Keeffe (1956), Ernest Hemingway (1957), and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushshev (1963).
Karsh was a visiting professor at Ohio University and at Emerson College in Boston. He earned numerous honorary degrees from Dartmouth College, Ohio University, Tufts University, Syracuse University, Ohio State University, and others. He was awarded the Canada Council Medal in 1965 and the titles of Officer (1967) and Companion (1990) of the Order of Canada. He published around twenty collections of his photographs. The National Archives of Canada acquired his complete collection in 1987, which currently has his 150,000 negatives and a total of 355,000 items.
More than twenty of his photos had been published on the cover of Life magazine by the time he closed his second studio in 1992. He moved to Boston in 1997 with his wife and passed away on July 13, 2002. He was buried in Ottawa.
A bust of Karsh by Canadian-Armenian sculptor Megerditch Tarakdjian was unveiled before Château Laurier, Ottawa, his second studio, on June 9, 2017. It depicts Karsh with his famous camera and was a gift to Canada from Armenia on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations and the 150th anniversary of Canada. The City of Ottawa awards biannually the Karsh Award, dedicated to Yousuf and his brother Malak Karsh to an established professional artist for outstanding artistic work in a photo-based medium. | <urn:uuid:5756d4e4-41ce-4e66-be4d-5554524cb0b9> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://thisweekinarmenianhistory.blogspot.com/2018/12/birth-of-yousuf-karsh-december-23-1908.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525483.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190718022001-20190718044001-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.981956 | 933 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
Speech and language therapists are specialists in communication disorders. The ability to communicate is central to all that we do- to who we are, how we learn and how we relate to each other at home, at school and at work. Thousands of people fail to access education, social, economic and career opportunities due to communication difficulties.
Added: Feb 12 2004
Category: Teaching and Teacher Resources: Special Educational Needs: Speech Delay | <urn:uuid:ace45a55-dcd8-4188-af8f-af876ccebdb4> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.usingenglish.com/links/Detailed/807.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802773864.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075253-00091-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948289 | 96 | 2.515625 | 3 |
• Climate change and the ocean – What does the future hold?
The ocean isshielding us from the worst effects of accelerating climate change by absorbing excess CO2 and heat from the atmosphere. The twin effects of this – acidification and ocean warming – are combining with increased levels of deoxygenation, caused by nutrient run-off from agriculture near the coast ,and by climate change offshore, to produce what has become known as the ocean’s ‘deadly trio’ of threats whose impacts are potentially far greater because of the interaction of one on another. The scale and rate of this change is unprecedented in Earth’s known history and is exposing organisms to intolerable and unpredictable evolutionary pressure.
• Climate change impacts on coral reefs
Synergies with local effects, possibilities for acclimation, and management implications Coral reefs are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It is imperative and urgent that emissions targets below 450 ppm CO2e be agreed and implemented, combined with coordinated programmes at local and regional levels to reduce other stress factors and boost resilience; otherwise it is predicted that most reefs will be lost as effective, productive systems within a few decades.
• Fisheries: Hope or despair?
The global picture of ongoing depletions of fish stocks, the degradation of food webs, threats to seafood security and poor quality of most fishing management is alarming and demonstrates that recent more optimistic outlooks aremisplaced. Reversing these global trends towards “despair” demands urgent, focused, innovative action to promote effective community- and ecosystem-based management.
• Evaluating legacy contaminants and emerging chemicals in marine environments.
Protecting marine ecosystems and seafood resources from the adverse effects of complex cocktails of ‘legacy’ (already regulated) contaminants, emerging (unregulated) chemicals and natural chemicals (e.g. algal biotoxins) remains a critical, unresolved global problem. The economic and infrastructural challenges posed by such a wide variety of chemicals means that the most cost-effective approach is to implement a targeted, effects-based strategy that prioritizes key groups of chemicals of most concern.
• Ocean in peril: Reforming the management of global ocean living resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction
The current system of high seas governance is fraught with gaps, directly leading to themismanagement and misappropriation of living resources, and placing our ocean in peril. It is time for a new paradigm that can only come about through the fundamental reform of existing organisations and systems, overseen by a new global infrastructure to coordinate and enforce the necessary action. Crucially, the authors call for the negotiation of a new implementing agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction.
Founded to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on the ocean and identify workable solutions to eliminate or remedy them, IPSO– with the support of IUCN – is unique in bringing together experts from a range of disciplines within marine science, as well as the legal, policy and communications arenas, in order to highlight the connectivity and synergy between the multiple stressors impacting the ocean and treat them collectively.
This holistic approach is essential to developing viable, practical solutions that consider marine ecosystem health, socio-economic drivers, as well as the larger Earth system perspective. Achieving this integrated, ecosystem-based management of the ocean and its resources is an immensely complex challenge but these five papers all stress that we have a vast wealth of information, expertise, management tools and proven solutions at our disposal.
The two IPSO workshops showed that deferring action will increase costs in the future and lead to even greater, perhaps irreversible, losses. If we want to continue to benefit from the goods and services the ocean has provided for millennia, we must radically change the way we view, value, use and govern marine ecosystems
As a matter of urgency, IPSO urges that:
• There should be a significant reduction in global C02 emissions to limit temperature rise to less than 2C or below 450 CO2e . Current targets for carbon emission reductions are insufficient in terms of ensuring coral reef survival, especially as there is a time lag of several decades between atmospheric CO2 and CO2 dissolved in the océan.
• Effective implementation of community – and ecosystem-based management, favouring small-scale fisheries is achieved. Examples of broad-scale measures include introducing true co-management with resource adjacent communities, eliminating harmful subsidies that drive overcapacity, protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, banning the most destructive fishing gear and combatting IUU fishing.
• The global infrastructure for high seas governance should be enhanced so that it is fit-for-purpose. A global high seas enforcement agency should be established to provide integrated and coordinated monitoring and enforcement for the full range of threats to ocean sustainability and globalsecurity. Most importantly, a new implementing agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction under the auspices of UNCLOS should be introduced urgently.
Ocean acidification due to carbon emissions is at highest for 300m years
Overfishing and pollution are part of the problem, scientists say, warning that mass extinction of species may be inevitable
Health of oceans ‘declining fast’ The health of the world’s oceans is deteriorating even faster than had previously been thought, a report says.
Image rights: NOAA http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanexplorergov/9267769511/ | <urn:uuid:f473df80-dc7d-4fa9-be9c-49b169fa644b> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://climatestate.com/2013/10/03/state-of-the-ocean-ocean-acidification-and-previous-marine-extinctions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213540.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818095337-20180818115337-00428.warc.gz | en | 0.913805 | 1,114 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Knowing yourself is a very important task that one has to undertake and the most challenging as well. When one knows who he is and clearly understands what he wants, then he has a better option of discovering how to reach his own success, personal fulfillment and happiness.
Knowing one’s true and inner self will be of great help in working to reach one’s goals more effectively. It will guide one through the path to success. It will transport one to such calmness so to improve one’s attitude as well as one’s relationships and connections with others.
Psychologists devote their time helping individuals see and understand things within their inner self which they have long been suppressing from their own selves. This is natural, as people are skilled at such hiding games. Often, when one does not wish cope with a certain circumstance or situation, one denies that it had transpired, or translate it so to fit another different perception of the world.
Knowing yourself consequently, empowers and enables you to create different choices.
Success easily comes to those with pleasing personalities. However, this does not necessarily mean that one needs do what everyone wishes; rather, acquire a positive attitude of being respectful to the opinion of others at the same time remaining true to one’s own beliefs.
Don’t expect to suddenly go on a certain course and immediately become aware and know yourself. This is a voyage where one can board and allow it to transform one’s life, for the better. The success of such journey depends deeply on how bravely you face yourself; on the way, you might discover certain things that you do not like and possibly opt to hide or deny it. Be strong and accept those negative things because it is only by accepting your faults can you truly change for the better.
Be open to accept and listen to the opinion of others, eager and willing to learn. Changing your judgment and views on account of more reliable facts is not a sign of weakness but of strength in your character. Always be inclined to offer help, be caring and polite but do not forget to keep your own personality.
The basic principle of knowing yourself is that every individual is responsible, in control and generate their own life encounter. This is a complex process that may be severely obstructed when one is unconscious of how one functions, or if one has a misunderstanding of thyself.
Rationalizations are used by many to give justifiable explanation for their actions. One can pretend that the problem is to be blamed on the other person. This is known as projection.
You therefore need to discover and improve your true person and not what others perceive you to be, and also not who you believe you must be, but the person that you truly are. How you manage your life, guide others, take charge, perform and behave in relationships really depends on how effectively you use your strengths and identify your weaknesses that you will discover when you truly know your “self.”
Understand how you could guard yourself against responses triggered by emotions. You are vulnerable to miscalculation of judgment should you permit your emotions to interfere. Indeed, everything that one does is based on one’s emotions, but angry or careless emotions does not have a place when it comes to decision making. Take control of your emotions and delay conclusions, decisions and choices when in a very emotional state.
Develop enthusiasm in yourself. Enthusiasm draws good relationships and success. It is that positive outlook that radiates on you that individuals like dealing with. Your positive and enthusiastic outlook will contaminate and encourage those around you to also be enthusiastic and positive, therefore become cooperative.
Also, be ready to face unreasonable and negative people and never let them destroy you. Stay reasonable and calm.
Knowing yourself will enable you to develop your full potential and be happy, contented and fulfilled. Whether one’s idea and understanding of success speaks about fulfillment in business, friendship, love, sports, a blend of all these or another thing altogether, knowing yourself and working on to change for the better will enable you to achieve your goals. Then when you reach your goals, indeed you will turn out to be a much happier person. And that is success in its truest sense. | <urn:uuid:fa31c023-13f3-4aef-aa78-02528a943b85> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://personal-development.com/steve/know-yourself.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104655865.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220705235755-20220706025755-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.960498 | 863 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 moved through Congress and was signed into law at breakneck speed. While many got what they wanted in the new tax law, Indian Country was again disappointed by the lack of inclusion of provisions that would put tribes on an equal footing with sovereign nations. To make matters worse, modifications of the "Kiddie Tax" had unintended and harmful consequences for some Native American children and young adults. As Congress looks at next steps on tax reform, these issues must be addressed.
The Kiddie Tax became part of the Internal Revenue Code in 1986. Its purpose was to stop wealthy parents from lowering their taxes by putting income-producing investment property in their children's names. The tax received its nickname because it originally applied to children under age 14. The age limitation was increased in 2007 to apply to many "kiddies" up to age 23. Generally speaking, the Kiddie Tax applies to unearned income (e.g., income other than wages or compensation for services) over a threshold amount and (prior to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act) taxes it at the rate the parent would pay if it were the parent's income.
In the name of simplification, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act applied the Kiddie Tax to more taxpayers at higher tax rates. Rather than look to a parent's tax rate, the Kiddie Tax is now pegged against the rate applicable to estates and trusts – which stands at 37 percent for amounts of unearned income of more than $12,500.
Unearned income subject to the Kiddie Tax has long been understood to include per capita distributions made by tribal governments to their tribal members. Per capita payments are the distribution of tribal revenue to an individual tribal member on a per capita basis and are derived from a number of sources, including gaming, allotted tribal lands, rents or royalties, and the sale of resources. All per capita derived from gaming and certain other activities is taxable. Often, these per capita payments are used by young tribal members to attend college or purchase their first home.
However, the modifications to the Kiddie Tax in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 will in some instances increase the tax rate and thus the overall amount of tax due from many tribal members receiving these distributions. In many cases, this has an unintended consequence of doubling or tripling the tax rate paid by young Native Americans on financial support they receive from their tribal governments.
For example, if a 20-year-old Native American student earns $18,000 from a part-time job in 2018, she would pay tax at an effective rate of 10 percent. But if she received that $18,000 as unearned income as a per capita payment from her tribe, she would be in the top tax bracket for trusts and estates of 37 percent and pay tax at an effective rate of 26 percent – a difference of almost $3,000.
To make matters worse, both the 1986 Tax Reform Act and the 2017 Tax Act applied the Kiddie Tax to unearned income of children under age 18, unless they are full-time students, in which case it applies to unearned income of children and young adults up to age 23. Thus, Congress has structured the law in a way that encourages individuals to drop out of school. The effects of this perverse incentive is particularly felt in Indian Country, where the tax burden associated with per capita payments is significant.
From a tax policy perspective, the Kiddie Tax should not be applied to transfers of tribal funds to tribal youth and young adults. Tribes do not pay income tax. Thus, the transfer of tribal funds from tribes to their younger tribal members is never motivated by a desire to shelter tribal income from tax or to gain a tribal benefit from a reduced tax rate. Rather, transfers are made to tribal members in furtherance of tribal general welfare and sovereignty as well as to ensure that tribal members have the resources they need to attend school, among other things.
To date, attempts to exempt tribal distributions from the Kiddie Tax have been unsuccessful. Common sense and basic fairness requires that Congress amend the Kiddie Tax provisions to expressly exclude the transfer of funds by a tribal government to young tribal members. If such a fix were made, the amounts received by younger tribal members would remain taxable, just not at the higher tax rates for trusts and estates.
Information contained in this alert is for the general education and knowledge of our readers. It is not designed to be, and should not be used as, the sole source of information when analyzing and resolving a legal problem. Moreover, the laws of each jurisdiction are different and are constantly changing. If you have specific questions regarding a particular fact situation, we urge you to consult competent legal counsel.
Please note that email communications to the firm through this website do not create an attorney-client relationship between you and the firm. Do not send any privileged or confidential information to the firm through this website. Click "accept" below to confirm that you have read and understand this notice. | <urn:uuid:cd079646-ddcc-41cb-9207-cfaa75484446> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2018/06/tax-parity-kiddie-tax-exemption-still-needed-for-i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439740343.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20200814215931-20200815005931-00250.warc.gz | en | 0.974542 | 1,017 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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