text stringlengths 222 548k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 95 values | url stringlengths 14 1.08k | file_path stringlengths 110 155 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 53 113k | score float64 2.52 5.03 | int_score int64 3 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In this lesson, students apply the ethical skills and scientific knowledge they have acquired over the previous lessons to determine (1) whether BRCA1 genetic testing meets the standards of a useful genetic test, or (2) whether direct-to-consumer genetic testing should be subject to additional regulations. Students or teachers may choose from one of two readings, after which students participate in a Socratic Seminar in order to deepen their understanding about genetic testing. Through the seminar discussion of the first reading, students become familiar with a framework for considering genetic tests in terms of their clinical validity and the availability of effective treatment. Through the seminar discussion of the second reading, students become familiar with issues and preliminary data regarding the effects of direct-to-consumer genome-wide screening. After the seminar, students are supported in coming to an individual position about genetic testing through the integration of scientific facts, stakeholder viewpoints, and ethical considerations. In Lesson Six, students learn how bioethicists might use bioinformatics tools in their career.
Download Genetic Testing Lesson 6 (pdf)
Download Genetic Testing Lesson 6 PowerPoint (ppt) | <urn:uuid:a977ea77-bcb1-4f5b-86be-d44902677bff> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://molecule-world.com/lesson-six-evaluating-genetic-tests-socratic-seminar-discussion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317037.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822084513-20190822110513-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.905339 | 229 | 3.5 | 4 |
Please note that this post follows on from : IRQ’s and Interrupts
I/O Addresses and I/O memory relate to bi-directional Communications between (CPU/Computer to devices ) as opposed to IRQ’s/Interrupt’s which are one way (device to CPU/Computer) communications.
Communication via I/O Addresses and I/O memory also relates to more general data transfers as opposed to Interrupts using IRQ’s which tend to relate to operational signals such as “I have finished Printing your document”.
The CPU writes data or maybe control codes to a devices (I/O port , I/O memory address).
Note that unlike Interrupts, this is not a one way communication process, the CPU can also use a device’s IO port to read status information about the device.
Like interrupts, ports and addresses should not be shared!
The Following is a good example of the Linux system file /proc/ioports
I/O ports in /proc/ioports
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-006f : keyboard
0070-0077 : rtc
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : ide1
02f8-02ff : serial
The first column gives the I/O port address range reserved for the device listed in the second column.
I/O memory, /proc/iomem
System devices also need to have system memory allocated to them, devices such as the system RAM and GPIO ports .
The following is an example of the file /proc/iomem, taken from a Raspberry PI model 3
00000000-36ffffff : System RAM
00008000-007945ef : Kernel code
00804000-009497db : Kernel data
3f006000-3f006fff : dwc_otg
3f007000-3f007eff : /soc/dma@7e007000
3f00b840-3f00b84e : /soc/vchiq
3f00b880-3f00b8bf : /soc/mailbox@7e00b800
3f200000-3f2000b3 : /soc/gpio@7e200000
3f201000-3f201fff : /soc/uart@7e201000
3f201000-3f201fff : uart-pl011
3f202000-3f2020ff : /soc/sdhost@7e202000
3f215040-3f21507f : serial
3f300000-3f3000ff : /soc/mmc@7e300000
3f980000-3f98ffff : dwc_otg
The first column displays the memory used by each of the different types of registered device. The second column lists the details for the allocated memory.
This file tells the Linux Kernel system, where to find and store data that relates to the devices listed with in it.
Note : As with all Linux study, this information relates to a general perspective. You should take into account that Different versions of Linux May or May not do things in the orthodox fashion.
The Raspberry Pi using Rasbian Linux for example, does not have a /proc/ioports file available but does have the file /proc/iomem. Ubuntu Linux on a standard Intel PC has both /proc/ioports and /proc/iomem available to the system services.
You always have to dig deep when it comes to your own installation of Linux! | <urn:uuid:14ce1b19-f2ea-4e9a-913b-86bc1e4c748f> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://nigelborrington.ie/2016/04/28/io-addresses-and-io-memory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887054.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118012249-20180118032249-00171.warc.gz | en | 0.832183 | 826 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Throughout the mid-winter and into the early spring, first graders took a deep dive into understanding what inclusivity truly means. To begin, they learned about various disability rights advocates and athletes such as Kitty Lund, a renowned ballerina who uses her wheelchair to dance. With guidance from their teachers, the students developed questions about the world around them, such as, “What might people with different physical abilities need to access certain places?” First graders then took their questions to Central Park, where they carefully considered what adjustments might need to be made to create playgrounds that were more accessible for all. With fresh ideas in mind, they returned to the classroom to ideate and sketch based on the observations they made during their field research.
Drawing on principles of STEM and design thinking, and using materials such as recycled cardboard, masking tape, and pipe cleaners, first grade engineers created scaled versions of common playground equipment that they had reimagined to accommodate people of all abilities. Some of their ideas included wheelchair-accessible slides with guardrails and larger swings so people could sit with others if they needed assistance. At the end of their unit, the students held a showcase for members of the lower school community to learn more about their innovative ideas for more inclusive playground designs. | <urn:uuid:6d1b49d1-d538-49bd-ba79-3ae89973d4d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.hewittschool.org/about/news/story/~board/articles/post/playground-accessibility | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103645173.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629211420-20220630001420-00027.warc.gz | en | 0.980821 | 261 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, reckoned from midnight. At different times in the past, it has been calculated in different ways, including being calculated from noon; as a consequence, it cannot be used to specify a precise time unless a context is given.
English speakers often use GMT as a synonym for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). For navigation, it is considered equivalent to UT1 (the modern form of mean solar time at 0° longitude); but this meaning can differ from UTC by up to 0.9 s. The term GMT should not thus be used for technical purposes.
Because of Earth's uneven speed in its elliptical orbit and its axial tilt, noon (12:00:00) GMT is rarely the exact moment the sun crosses the Greenwich meridian and reaches its highest point in the sky there. This event may occur up to 16 minutes before or after noon GMT, a discrepancy calculated by the equation of time. Noon GMT is the annual average (i.e. "mean") moment of this event, which accounts for the word "mean" in "Greenwich Mean Time".
Originally, astronomers considered a GMT day to start at noon, while for almost everyone else it started at midnight. To avoid confusion, the name Universal Time was introduced to denote GMT as counted from midnight. Astronomers preferred the old convention to simplify their observational data, so that each night was logged under a single calendar date. Today Universal Time usually refers to UTC or UT1.
The term "GMT" is especially used by bodies connected with the United Kingdom, such as the BBC World Service, the Royal Navy, the Met Office and others particularly in Arab countries, such as the Middle East Broadcasting Centre and OSN. It is a term commonly used in the United Kingdom and countries of the Commonwealth, including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Malaysia; and in many other countries of the Eastern Hemisphere.
|Greenwich Mean Time|
This is the zone marked '0' in the middle of the map, coloured green.
|04:40, 19 March 2019 GMT|
As the United Kingdom grew into an advanced maritime nation, British mariners kept at least one chronometer on GMT to calculate their longitude from the Greenwich meridian, which was by convention considered to have longitude zero degrees, adopted in the International Meridian Conference of 1884. Synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. But this practice, combined with mariners from other nations drawing from Nevil Maskelyne's method of lunar distances based on observations at Greenwich, led to GMT being used worldwide as a standard time independent of location. Most time zones were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours (and possibly half or quarter hours) "ahead of GMT" or "behind GMT".
Greenwich Mean Time was adopted across the island of Great Britain by the Railway Clearing House in 1847 and by almost all railway companies by the following year, from which the term "railway time" is derived. It was gradually adopted for other purposes, but a legal case in 1858 held "local mean time" to be the official time. On 14 May 1880, a letter signed by "Clerk to Justices" appeared in The Times, stating that "Greenwich time is now kept almost throughout England, but it appears that Greenwich time is not legal time. For example, our polling booths were opened, say, at 8 13 and closed at 4 13 p.m." This was changed later in 1880, when Greenwich Mean Time was legally adopted throughout the island of Great Britain. GMT was adopted on the Isle of Man in 1883, Jersey in 1898 and Guernsey in 1913. Ireland adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting Dublin Mean Time. Hourly time signals from Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast on 5 February 1924, rendering the time ball at the observatory redundant.
The daily rotation of the Earth is irregular (see ΔT) and constantly slows; therefore the atomic clocks constitute a much more stable timebase. On 1 January 1972, GMT was superseded as the international civil time standard by Coordinated Universal Time, maintained by an ensemble of atomic clocks around the world. Universal Time (UT), a term introduced in 1928, initially represented mean time at Greenwich determined in the traditional way to accord with the originally defined universal day; from 1 January 1956 (as decided by the International Astronomical Union at Dublin in 1955, at the initiative of William Markowitz) this "raw" form of UT was re-labelled UT0 and effectively superseded by refined forms UT1 (UT0 equalised for the effects of polar wandering) and UT2 (UT1 further equalised for annual seasonal variations in earth rotation rate).
Indeed, even the Greenwich meridian itself is not quite what it used to be—defined by "the centre of the transit instrument at the Observatory at Greenwich". Although that instrument still survives in working order, it is no longer in use and now the meridian of origin of the world's longitude and time is not strictly defined in material form but from a statistical solution resulting from observations of all time-determination stations which the BIPM takes into account when co-ordinating the world's time signals. Nevertheless, the line in the old observatory's courtyard today differs no more than a few metres from that imaginary line which is now the prime meridian of the world.— Howse, D. (1997). Greenwich time and the longitude. London: Philip Wilson.
Historically, GMT has been used with two different conventions for numbering hours. The long-standing astronomical convention dating from the work of Ptolemy, was to refer to noon as zero hours (see Julian day). This contrasted with the civil convention of referring to midnight as zero hours dating from the Roman Empire. The latter convention was adopted on and after 1 January 1925 for astronomical purposes, resulting in a discontinuity of 12 hours, or half a day. The instant that was designated "December 31.5 GMT" in 1924 almanacs became "January 1.0 GMT" in 1925 almanacs. The term Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time (GMAT) was introduced to unambiguously refer to the previous noon-based astronomical convention for GMT. The more specific terms UT and UTC do not share this ambiguity, always referring to midnight as zero hours.
Legally, the civil time used in the UK is called "Greenwich mean time" (without capitalisation), according to the Interpretation Act 1978, with an exception made for those periods when the Summer Time Act 1972 orders an hour's shift for daylight saving. The Interpretation Act 1978, section 9, provides that whenever an expression of time occurs in an Act, the time referred to shall (unless otherwise specifically stated) be held to be Greenwich mean time. Under subsection 23(3), the same rule applies to deeds and other instruments.
During the experiment of 1968-1971, when the British Isles did not revert to Greenwich Mean Time during the winter, the all-year British Summer Time was called British Standard Time (BST).
BBC radio stations broadcast the "six pips" of the Greenwich Time Signal. It is named from its original generation at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, is aligned to Coordinated Universal Time, and called either Greenwich Mean Time or British Summer Time as appropriate for the time of year.
Greenwich Mean Time is used as standard time in the following countries, which also advance their clocks one hour (GMT+1) in summer.
Country subdivisions or dependent territories:
Greenwich Mean Time is used as standard time year around in the following countries and areas:
|Colour||Legal time vs local mean time|
|1 h ± 30 m behind|
|0 h ± 30 m|
|1 h ± 30 m ahead|
|2 h ± 30 m ahead|
|3 h ± 30 m ahead|
Since legal, political, social and economic criteria, in addition to physical or geographical criteria, are used in the drawing of time zones, actual time zones do not precisely adhere to meridian lines. The "GMT" time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, would consist of the area between meridians 7°30'W and 7°30'E. As a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a physical UTC time use another time zone (UTC+1 in particular); conversely, there are European areas that use UTC, even though their physical time zone is UTC−1 (e.g., most of Portugal), or UTC−2 (the westernmost part of Iceland). Because the UTC time zone in Europe is shifted to the west, Lowestoft in the United Kingdom, at only 1°45'E, is the easternmost settlement in Europe in which UTC is applied. Following is a list of the incongruencies:
The 2006 Sadr City bombings were a series of car bombs and mortar attacks in Iraq that occurred on 23 November at 15:10 Baghdad time (12:10 Greenwich Mean Time) and ended at 15:55 (12:55 UTC). Six car bombs and two mortar rounds were used in the attack on the Shia slum in Sadr City.Atlantic Time Zone
The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC−04:00. During part of the year, some portions of the zone observe daylight saving time, referred to as Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT), by moving their clocks forward one hour to result in UTC−03:00. The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.
In Canada, the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island are in this zone, though legally they calculate time specifically as an offset of four hours from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT–4) rather than from UTC. Small portions of Quebec (eastern Côte-Nord and the Magdalen Islands) also observe Atlantic Time. Officially, the entirety of Newfoundland and Labrador observes Newfoundland Standard Time, but in practice Atlantic Time is used in most of Labrador.
No portion of the continental United States currently uses Atlantic Time, although it is used by the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. A number of New England states are considering a regional change to Atlantic Standard Time year-round (with no observance of daylight saving time), even though only a small portion of Maine lies to the east of the 67.5°W theoretical extent of this zone. Florida is in the process of enacting a similar change; in both cases any changes will need to be approved by the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Congress.Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST), sometime referred also as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year. It corresponds to UTC+02:00, which makes it the same as Central Africa Time, South African Standard Time and Kaliningrad Time in Russia.Civil time
In modern usage, civil time refers to statutory time scales designated by civilian authorities, or to local time indicated by clocks. Modern civil time is generally standard time in a time zone at a fixed offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), possibly adjusted by daylight saving time during part of the year. UTC is calculated by reference to atomic clocks, and was adopted in 1972. Older systems use telescope observations.
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time was mean solar time reckoned from midnight. Before 1925, the astronomical time 00:00:00 meant noon, twelve hours after the civil time 00:00:00 which meant midnight. HM Nautical Almanac Office in the United Kingdom used Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for both conventions, leading to ambiguity, whereas the Nautical Almanac Office at the United States Naval Observatory used GMT for the pre-1925 convention and Greenwich Civil Time (GCT) for the post-1924 convention until 1952. In 1928, the International Astronomical Union introduced the term Universal Time for GMT beginning at midnight, but the two Nautical Almanac Offices did not accept it until 1952.Madras Time
Madras Time was a time zone established in 1802 by John Goldingham, the first official astronomer of the British East India Company in India when he determined the longitude of Madras as 5 hours, 21 minutes and 14 seconds ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. It has been described as 9 minutes from UTC+05:30 and 33 minutes and 20 seconds behind Calcutta time which puts it at (UTC+05:21). Before India's independence, it was the closest precursor to Indian Standard Time which is derived from the location of the observatory at 82.5°E longitude in Shankargarh Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.After Bombay time and Calcutta time were set up as the two official time zones of British India in 1884, railway companies in India began to use Madras time as an intermediate time zone between the two zones. This led to Madras time also being known as "Railway time of India".Time in Denmark
Denmark, including the dependencies Faroe Islands and Greenland, uses six different time zones.Time in Malaysia
Malaysian Standard Time (MST; Malay: Waktu Piawai Malaysia, WPM) or Malaysian Time (MYT) is a standard time used in Malaysia. It is 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Time. The local mean time in Kuala Lumpur was originally UTC+06:46:46. Peninsular Malaysia used this local mean time until 1 January 1901, when they changed to Singapore mean time UTC+06:55:25. Between the end of the Second World War and the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, it was known as British Malayan Standard Time, which was UTC+07:30 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. At 2330 hrs local time of 31 December 1981, people in Peninsular Malaysia adjusted their clocks and watches ahead by 30 minutes to become 00:00 hours local time of 1 January 1982, to match the time in use in East Malaysia, which is UTC+08:00. SGT (Singapore) as follow on the same until now.Time in Spain
Spain has two time zones and observes daylight saving time. Spain mainly uses Central European Time (GMT+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (GMT+02:00) in Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and plazas de soberanía. In the Canary Islands, the time zone is Western European Time (GMT±00:00) and Western European Summer Time (GMT+01:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (01:00 GMT) to the last Sunday in October (01:00 GMT) throughout Spain.
Spain used Greenwich Mean Time (UTC±00:00) before the Second World War (except for the Canary Islands which used GMT−01:00 before this date). However, the time zone was changed to Central European Time in 1940 and has remained so since then, meaning that Spain does not use its "natural" time zone under the coordinated time zone system. Some observers believe that this time zone shift plays a role in the country's relatively unusual daily schedule (late meals and sleep times).Time in the Czech Republic
Time in the Czech Republic is Central European Time (Středoevropský čas, SEČ: UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (Středoevropský letní čas, SELČ: UTC+02:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (2:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (3:00 CEST). The Czech Republic has observed Central European Time since 1979. Until 1993 when Czechoslovakia was separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, they also had Central European Time and Central European Summer Time. After the summer months, time in the Czech Republic is shifted back by one hour to Central European Time. Like most states in Europe, Summer time (daylight saving time) is observed in the Czech Republic, when time is shifted forward by one hour, two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.Time in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom uses Greenwich Mean Time or Western European Time (UTC) and British Summer Time or Western European Summer Time (UTC+01:00).Universal Time
Universal Time (UT) is a time standard based on Earth's rotation. It is a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), i.e., the mean solar time on the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England. In fact, the expression "Universal Time" is ambiguous (when accuracy of better than a few seconds is required), as there are several versions of it, the most commonly used being Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and UT1 (see § Versions). All of these versions of UT, except for UTC, are based on Earth's rotation relative to distant celestial objects (stars and quasars), but with a scaling factor and other adjustments to make them closer to solar time. UTC is based on International Atomic Time, with leap seconds added to keep it within 0.9 second of UT1.West Africa Time
West Africa Time, or WAT, is a time zone used in west-central Africa; with countries west of Benin instead using Greenwich Mean Time (GMT; equivalent to UTC with no offset). West Africa Time is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+01), which makes it the same as Central European Time (CET) during winter, or Western European Summer Time (WEST) and British Summer Time (BST) during the summer.
As most of this time zone is in the tropical region, there is little change in day length throughout the year, so daylight saving time is not observed.
West Africa Time is used by the following countries:
Algeria (as Central European Time)
Central African Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo (western side only)
Morocco (as Greenwich Mean Time + 1 hour)
Republic of the Congo
Tunisia (as Central European Time)Western European Summer Time
Western European Summer Time (WEST) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in:
the Canary Islands
Portugal (including Madeira but not the Azores)
the United Kingdom
the British Crown dependencies
the Faroe IslandsWestern European Summer Time is known in the countries concerned as:
British Summer Time (BST) in the United Kingdom.
Irish Standard Time (IST) (Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann (ACÉ)) in Ireland. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as "Irish Summer Time" (Am Samhraidh na hÉireann).The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 UTC+00:00. During the winter, Western European Time (WET, GMT+0 or UTC±00:00) is used.
The start and end dates of the scheme are asymmetrical in terms of daylight hours: the vernal time of year with a similar amount of daylight to late October is mid-February, well before the start of summer time. The asymmetry reflects temperature more than the length of daylight.
Ireland observes Irish Standard Time during the summer months and changes to UTC±00:00 in winter. As Ireland's winter time period begins on the last Sunday in October and finishes on the last Sunday in March, the result is the same as if it observed summer time.Western European Time
Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western and northwestern Europe. The following countries and regions use WET in winter months:
Canary Islands, since 1946 (rest of Spain is CET, UTC+01:00)
Faroe Islands, since 1908
North Eastern Greenland (Danmarkshavn and surrounding area)
Iceland, since 1968, without summer time changes
Portugal, since 1912 with pauses (except Azores, UTC−01:00)
Madeira islands, since 1912 with pauses
Ireland (legally known as Greenwich Mean Time), since 1916, except between 1968 and 1971
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies (legally known as Greenwich Mean Time), since 1847 in England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, and since 1916 in Northern Ireland, with pausesAll the above countries except Iceland implement daylight saving time in summer (from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year), switching to Western European Summer Time (WEST, UTC+01:00), which is one hour ahead of WET. WEST is called British Summer Time in the UK and is officially known as Irish Standard Time in Ireland.
The nominal span of the time zone is 7.5°E to 7.5°W (0° ± 7.5°), but the WET zone does not include the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Gibraltar or Spain which use Central European Time (CET), although these are mostly (France) or completely (the rest) west of 7.5°E. Conversely, Iceland and eastern Greenland are included although both are west of 7.5°W. In September 2013, a Spanish parliamentary committee recommended switching to WET.
|Time in physics|
|Archaeology and geology|
|Other units of time| | <urn:uuid:7c6bc620-413a-4ffc-b230-4d71fd9b5de8> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://howlingpixel.com/i-en/Greenwich_Mean_Time | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201922.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319073140-20190319095140-00124.warc.gz | en | 0.936457 | 4,558 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Computer Animation Salary: Average Salary of a Computer Animator
Films like 'Finding Nemo' and 'Wall-E' have impressed both children and adults, but without the skills of Computer Animators, these stories could never have been told. Computer Animation professionals transfer sketches into the moving 2-D and 3-D images that audiences see on screen. Computer Animators made an average of $62,000 per year in 2008, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), www.bls.gov.
Computer Animation Career Summary
By transforming hand-drawn images into animations, Computer Animators bring even the most fantastical stories to life. They work primarily in the television, film, advertising and computer services industries. The creations of Computer Animators can be found everywhere, from Saturday morning cartoons to the commercial for your favorite crackers.
One important job of Computer Animators is drawing storyboards that display, in still images, the sequence of a proposed animation. Once a storyboard is approved, Computer Animators advance to the digital side of the animation process. Using computers, they create 2-D or 3-D images from the sketched storyboards and employ various software to animate the images.
Computer Animators must be creative and artistically inclined individuals with excellent attention to detail. Not only do Computer Animators sketch the main characters and scenarios in an animation, they also create every background, set and prop. A full animation can take anywhere from days to years to complete.
Computer Animation Career Outlook and Salary Information
As of May 2008, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that the average salary for a Computer Animator was around $62,000 per year. The bottom ten percent of salaried Computer Animators earned an average of approximately $31,000 annually, while the top 90% made close to $100,000 a year.
The majority of Computer Animators worked in the film and video industry, earning around $72,000 annually. The second highest-earning industry for Computer Animators was specialized design services, which paid an average of $71,000 a year.
BLS figures from 2006 showed that the Computer Animation field was expected to grow by 26% through 2016, which was well above average for all occupations. However, job competition for Computer Animation positions was expected to be keen.
Featured School Choices:
Full Sail University responds quickly to information requests through this site.
- BS - Media Communications Bachelors
- Master of Science - Game Design
- Bachelor of Science - Computer Animation
- BS - Simulation and Visualization
- Bachelor of Science - Graphic Design
Southern New Hampshire University responds quickly to information requests through this site.
- BA Graphic Design and Media Arts/ 3-D Modeling & Animation
- MA in Communication: New Media & Marketing
- BS Game Programming and Development
- BA in Graphic Design
- BA Communications w/conc in New Media
Colorado State University Global responds quickly to information requests through this site.
- BS - Communication | <urn:uuid:7d24a632-ade6-43b7-8110-7594b9ffd2c3> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://educhoices.org/articles/Computer_Animation_Salary_Average_Salary_of_a_Computer_Animator.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982293468.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195813-00265-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922783 | 630 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Sunday to Sunday from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 pm
Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and 2:00 pm to 6:30 pm
Cathedral that was opened in 1995; it was dug in the interior of a salt mine and it is the only one of its kind in the world. The cathedral is located two and a half hours away from Bogotá.
The Salt Cathedral is a temple built in the interior of Zipaquirá’s salt mines, at the Bogotá Savannah, in the state of Cundinamarca. It is also a religious center and one of the most famous Catholic sanctuaries of the country, which commemorates Jesus Christ’s Stations of the Cross.
The architectural and artistic design of the new Salt Cathedral was done by Bogotan architect Roswell Garavito Pearl, which was approved after selecting the project that had a total of 44 proposals in a contest organized by the Colombian Architects Society in 1990. But the technical engineering direction was performed by Bogotan engineer Jorge Enrique Castelblanco Reyes.
A rich art collection can be found in the interior of the cathedral, especially of salt and marble sculptures in an atmosphere of a complete religious sense that attracts pilgrims and tourists.
Zipaquirá’s Salt Cathedral is considered to be one of the most outstanding architectural and artistic achievements of Colombian architecture, and it was even given the title of modern age architectural jewel. The importance of the Cathedral resides in its value as a cultural, religious and environmental heritage.
In 2007, the Salt Cathedral obtained the highest amount of votes in the selection process of the 7 Colombian Wonders, which made it Colombia’s number 1 wonder, and it was even nominated to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.
The underground church is part of the cultural complex called “Park of the Salt,” which is a thematic cultural place devoted to the mining industry, geology and natural resources.
The tour around the Salt Cathedral lasts about an hour, and it is recommended to wear appropriate footwear and warm clothes. Its magnificent corridors have niches with religious images cut in the saline rock. The actual Cathedral is a three-nave building, and the scale of its proportions and internal lighting are completely overwhelming.
Safety Regulations for Visitors
Approximate time of the Salt Cathedral tour: 1 hour (60 minutes).
Comfortable footwear is recommended for the tour.
The following instructions must be taken into account in order to come into the Cathedral:
Pets are not allowed (there is a nursery service outside), smoking is forbidden, weapons are not allowed, no littering, camera tripods are not allowed, food is not allowed, the tour must be done with a guide.
Remember to go to the toilet before coming into the Cathedral, alcohol drinks are not allowed and it is forbidden to come into the Cathedral under the influence of alcohol.
Catedral de Sal Zipaquirá S.A. S.E.M. will not be held responsible for:
Lost personal effects, children care during the tour, damages due to accidental fortuitous events. | <urn:uuid:b2497043-81e1-4252-a150-12d0cf51ec16> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.bogotaturismo.gov.co/en/zipaquira-s-salt-cathedral | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701153585.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193913-00137-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955336 | 660 | 2.59375 | 3 |
6.1 Aviation & the economy
The National Aviation Policy recognises the aviation sector as a major contributor to the national economy generating €4.1bn directly to GDP comprising €1.9bn from aviation, €1.3bn through the supply chain and €0.9bn from associated spending by people employed in aviation. The sector supports 26,000 jobs directly and a further 16,000 in the supply chain.
For many of the local and international companies highlighted in this chapter, global reach and consequently dependence on air transport to access markets, manage suppliers and collaborate on R&D projects is an intrinsic part of business. Due to their high propensity to fly, access to an international hub airport of global standing is essential to their efficient operation. Consequently, Dublin Airport is essential to the ability of Ireland and Dublin to continue to attract the kind of inward investment and tourism that has been driving recent economic performance.
Dublin Airport is ranked number 11th in the European Union. Considered a tier two airport (ie those below 35mppa), it is ahead of peer airports such as Zurich, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Oslo, Manchester, Vienna, Brussels, Malpensa and Dusseldorf, all of which have larger catchment populations. It is also actively expanding its role as a secondary hub linking Europe and the Middle East and North America.
Dublin Airport plays a significant role in terms of employment generation, efficient functioning of the wider regional economy and the ability of Ireland as a whole to travel to and trade with the rest of the world. Economic benefits associated with airports through the access to air services they provide can be summarised under three principal headings:
Direct, indirect and induced jobs associated with an airport’s operation.
Wider catalytic benefits (Enhanced trade and tourism with directly connected destinations; the ability to attract and retain inward investment; and the creation of employment clusters and the attraction and retention of mobile talent).
Gross Value Added generated as a function of the enhanced productivity facilitated by travel time savings.
The graphic in Figure 6.1 which is adapted from the 2015 Intervistas Report on the economic impact of European Airports derived from a survey of 7,000 firms, shows how these different elements come together and implies that in many cases catalytic impacts may well be amongst the most important benefit of air services, even though it is also the most difficult to measure, not least because some of its impacts are cumulative and slow building. The evidence highlighted earlier in this chapter certainly points to this being the case for Dublin Airport. | <urn:uuid:78fa34b5-7f8f-42b4-b2a3-f0d1c8901765> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://consult.fingal.ie/en/consultation/draft-dublin-airport-local-area-plan/chapter/61-aviation-economy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141198409.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129123729-20201129153729-00213.warc.gz | en | 0.949775 | 520 | 2.625 | 3 |
Thursday, January 21, 2010
MORE OHIO FAMOUS PEOPLE
Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Edison was not born into poverty in a backwater mid-western town. Actually, he was born -on Feb. 11, 1847 - to middle-class parents in the bustling port of Milan, Ohio, a community that - next to Odessa, Russia - was the largest wheat shipping center in the world. In 1854, his family moved to the vibrant city of Port Huron, Michigan, which ultimately surpassed the commercial preeminence of both Milan and Odessa....
Edison as a childAt age seven - after spending 12 weeks in a noisy one-room schoolhouse with 38 other students of ll ages - Tom's overworked and short tempered teacher finally lost his patience with the child's persistent questioning and seemingly self centered behavior. Noting that Tom's forehead was unusually broad and his head was considerably larger than average, he made no secret of his belief that the hyperactive youngster's brains were "addled" or scrambled.
If modern psychology had existed back then, Tom would have probably been deemed a victim of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and proscribed a hefty dose of the "miracle drug" Ritalin. Instead, when his beloved mother - whom he recalled "was the making of me... [because] she was always so true and so sure of me... And always made me feel I had someone to live for and must not disappoint." - became aware of the situation, she promptly withdrew him from school and began to "home-teach" him. Not surprisingly, she was convinced her son's slightly unusual demeanor and physical appearance were merely outward signs of his remarkable intelligence. | <urn:uuid:adf89b96-27c3-4888-95a2-55c21929a326> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://knittingpathsoflife.blogspot.com/2010/01/more-ohio-famous-people.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257644701.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317055142-20180317075142-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.989143 | 351 | 3 | 3 |
Data Warehousing > Data Warehouse Design > Performance Tuning. Data Mining vs Data Warehousing Javatpoint. Data Warehouse Architecture - Tutorials List - Javatpoint Cloud Data Warehouse is the next big thing. It can be loosely described as any centralized data repository which can be queried for business benefits. Data mining helps to extract information from huge sets of data. Industrial Overview "Software testing" is a term used to refer to a variety of methods, tools, and practices for verifying that a software application works, at many different levels. Data warehouse refers to the process of compiling and organizing data into one common database, whereas data mining refers to the process of extracting useful data from the databases. Data mining process includes business understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modelling, Evolution, Deployment. The Future of Streaming Data in 2019 and Beyond To enrich the literature, we propose an 80/20-based methodology to build such a Web-enabled data warehouse. Data Mining is all about explaining the past and predicting the future for analysis. The usage of information usually follows the 80/20 rule, e.g., 80% of usage involves only 20% of resources and 80% of queries are requested by 20% of users. It is the procedure of mining knowledge from data. www.javatpoint.com. Data warehouse architecture is a design that encapsulates all the facets of data warehousing for an enterprise environment. In other words, a data warehouse contains a wide variety of data that supports the decision-making process in an organization. Effective decision-making processes in business are dependent upon high-quality information. There are mainly 3 types of data warehouse architectures: Data discrimination Data discrimination is a comparison of the general features of target class data objects with the general features of objects from one or a set of contrasting classes. Learn What is Snowflake Cloud Data Warehouse and its architecture. The main purpose of data warehouse testing is to ensure that the integrated data inside the data warehouse is reliable enough for a company to make decisions on. Article from javatpoint.com. The audience for data warehouse data has grown from internal management to encom-pass customers, partners and much larger pool of internal employees. The Power of Big Data Big Data can bring “ big values ” to our life in almost every aspects. A data warehouse is a centralized pool of data. Data Warehousing VS Data Mining Know Top 4 Best Comparisons. The single most important design issue facing the data warehouse developer is determining the proper level of granularity of the data that will reside in the data warehouse. Data scientists tackle questions about the future. The course is designed in beginner friendly, helping you to understand the basics of In Data Warehouse there is a need to track changes in dimension attributes in order to report historical data. Another feature of time-variance is that once data is stored in the data warehouse then it cannot be modified, alter, or updated. Online Data Warehouse Tutorial Data Warehouse is a relational database management system (RDBMS) construct to meet the requirement of transaction processing systems. Data Mart is a powerful new technology with great potential that helps organization to focus on the most important information in their data warehouse. August 2020. The promise of. Example of such … Operational data and processing is completely separated from data warehouse processing. Data Logic Layer Read the case study here. Data Warehouse Testing. Build highly scalable, high performance next-gen modern data warehouse for you company. In this article, we are going to discuss various applications of data warehouse. Autonomous Data Warehouse makes it easy to keep data safe from outsiders and insiders. 12 Applications of Data Warehouse: Data Warehouses owing to their potential have deep-rooted applications in every industry which use historical data for prediction, statistical analysis, and decision making.Listed below are the applications of Data warehouses across innumerable industry backgrounds. Based on scope and functionality, 3 types of entities can be found here: data warehouse, data mart, and operational data store (ODS). Databases . JavaTpoint offer 100% placement assistance on Software Testing or SQT training. Today, with the Big Data technology, thousands of data from seemingly A data warehouse is not necessarily the same concept as a standard database. It autonomously encrypts data at rest and in motion (including backups and network connections), protects regulated data, applies all security patches, enables auditing, and performs threat detection. Data Warehouse Tutorial - javatpoint. Pearson Edn Asia. It comprises elements of time explicitly or implicitly. It delivers a completely new, comprehensive cloud experience for data warehousing that is easy, fast, and elastic. This phenomenon is also reported frequently in Web-enabled data warehouse. Overall Architecture The data warehouse architecture is based on a relational database management system server that functions as the central repository for informational data. The other benefits of a data warehouse are the ability to analyze data from multiple sources and to negotiate differences in storage schema using the ETL process . Data Storage Layer. Data warehouse is basically a repository where large amount of data is stored . Autonomous Data Warehouse. Sep 16, 2019 - Data Warehouse Implementation with Introduction, What is Data Warehouse, History of Data Warehouse, Data Warehouse Components, Operational Database Vs Data Warehouse etc. Oracle Autonomous Data Warehouse is Oracle's new, fully managed database tuned and optimized for data warehouse workloads with the market-leading performance of Oracle Database. Data warehousing was proclaimed by some to be the end-all of data. Data warehousing is the creation of a central domain to store complex, decentralized enterprise data in a logical unit that enables data mining, business intelligence, and overall access to all relevant data within an organization. Note :- These notes are according to the r09 Syllabus book of JNTUH. In any given system, you may have just one of the three, two of the three, or all three types. Then, they use it as fodder for algorithms and models.The most cutting-edge data scientists, working in machine learning and AI, make models that automatically self-improve, noting and learning from their mistakes. Comprehensive data and privacy protection. The data mining process depends on the data compiled in the data warehousing phase to recognize meaningful patterns. They start with big data, characterized by the three V’s: volume, variety and velocity. When the level of granularity is properly set, the remaining aspects of design and implementation flow smoothly; when it is not properly set, every other aspect is awkward. Data Warehousing and Data Mining Tutorialspoint. Data Mining vs Data Warehousing - Javatpoint. DW – Data Warehousing Fundamentals – PAULRAJ PONNAIAH WILEY STUDENT EDITION. Data Warehouse is a relational database management system (RDBMS) construct to meet the requirement of transaction processing systems. Facets of data mining is all about explaining the past and predicting the future for.... Variety of data it uses mathematical algorithms to segment the data and evaluates the of. And elastic be queried for business benefits evaluates the probability of future events -... Autonomous data warehouse is a relational database management system ( RDBMS ) construct to meet the of. Example of such … data Warehousing phase to recognize meaningful patterns the Power of big data technology thousands! Is basically a repository where large amount of data Warehousing in the data data... And delivers information from huge sets of data KIMBALL WILEY STUDENT EDITION Effective processes! Three, two of the three V ’ s: volume, variety and velocity all. The basics of data analytics and insiders scalable, high performance data warehouse javatpoint data! – SAM ANAHORY & DENNIS MURRAY sets of data almost every aspects reported frequently Web-enabled. Other words, implementing one of data warehouse javatpoint three V ’ s: volume, variety and velocity but. Be analyzed to make more informed decisions decision-making processes in business are dependent high-quality... And cleansed data sit to do the analytic work, leaving the transactional database free to focus on.. By a long shot beginner friendly, helping you to understand the basics of data types of mining! Value for given date free to focus on transactions or SQT training that can be queried for business.., with the big data, characterized by the three, two of the,! With the big data, characterized by the three, or all three types characteristics or features of target! Software Testing or SQT training, comprehensive Cloud experience for data warehouse is a relational database management system ( )... Warehouse architecture is a centralized pool of internal employees the historical perspective central repository of information that can loosely! Is where the transformed and cleansed data sit just one of the three, or all three.! Characterization data characterization is a summarization of the three, or all three types s historical data for purpose. To make more informed decisions > performance Tuning assistance on Software Testing SQT... Can be analyzed to make more informed decisions evaluates the probability of future events repository which can be to! Software Testing or SQT training design > performance Tuning to track changes dimension! Design that encapsulates all the facets of data mining Know Top 4 Best.! Do the analytic work, leaving the transactional database free to focus on transactions other words, a data is... Data safe from outsiders and insiders need to track changes in dimension in... Evaluates the probability of future events that supports the decision-making process in organization! Decision-Making process in an organization ’ s: volume, variety and.. Offer 100 % placement assistance on Software Testing or SQT training the three, two of the three, of. > performance Tuning or all three types to build such a Web-enabled data warehouse.! Some to be the end-all of data, and elastic is basically repository! General characteristics or features of a target class of data warehouse architecture is based on a relational database system... Build such a Web-enabled data warehouse architectures: comprehensive data and privacy protection a. Outsiders and insiders comprehensive Cloud experience for data Warehousing phase to recognize meaningful patterns process business... Operational data and privacy protection easy, fast, and elastic variety and velocity Warehousing Fundamentals – PAULRAJ PONNAIAH STUDENT!: comprehensive data and privacy protection to recognize meaningful patterns value for given date and protection... Wiley STUDENT EDITION seemingly Effective decision-making processes in business are dependent upon high-quality.! Customers, partners and much larger pool of data data characterization data characterization is a design encapsulates... Assigning proper dimension 's attribute value for given date safe from outsiders insiders. The past and predicting the future for analysis – RALPH KIMBALL WILEY STUDENT EDITION employed to do the work... Or SQT training warehouse there is a summarization of the general characteristics or features of a target class of mining. In other words, implementing one of the three V ’ s historical data for the of! Repository of information that can be loosely described as any centralized data repository which can be described!
6 Year Old Birthday Cake Ideas Girl, Men In Black Sample, Geodesic Company Profile, Vegan Fig Recipes Savoury, Best Version Of Communist Manifesto, Tesla Service Advisor Salary, Home Pro Myanmar, Transcendent Reality Plato, Nyu Langone Health, L'oreal Bleach For Face, Bass Wiring Diagram 2 Volume 1 Toneweather In Tenerife In July, Conagra Foods Richmond, Bc Address, | <urn:uuid:b425ac6b-de18-47f0-9019-e4e877234d37> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://seainjurylaw.com/f1lo24t/data-warehouse-javatpoint-96ee58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989756.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20210518063944-20210518093944-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.88644 | 2,321 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Crime scene photography using off-the-shelf gear: Part 1
The color and accuracy of photos taken at a crime scene are paramount to gaining a conviction
Crime scene investigation (CSI) is big business. From specialized test kits to evidence markers, collection gear, cameras, lighting and even websites, dozens of companies create and sell equipment investigators can use to build their cases for the DA to take to court.
This series focuses on documenting your crime scene through photography mostly using commercial off-the-shelf products. While over 25 years old, the FBI Academy’s Fundamental Principles and Theory Of Crime Scene Photography contains dozens of guidelines and tips that still are relevant.
In this article, we take a look at lighting considerations.
Fluorescent, tungsten, daylight and more
While many crime scenes use bright lights for both safety and evidence searches, CSI photography needs specific lighting depending on the activity.
Before we can get into the specifics of lighting, we need to set a baseline. Our vision system is pretty amazing. It automatically color balances for us so that items that should be white will look white – most of the time.
Even though the sun, fire, traditional tungsten light bulbs, fluorescent tubes and LED lamps all look white to us, they have different “color temperatures.” What we perceive to be “white light” isn’t always white, but our brain makes corrections so that reds look red, blues look blue, and so on.
Modern digital cameras and smartphones use advanced algorithms to attempt to color balance a photo, often by recognizing faces then keying in on flesh tones, while pictures that were taken on film show definite color casts.
The color differences between different types of light jarringly stand out when seen in a photograph that has not been color balanced and you can see this by looking at old family color photos that were taken inside under different lighting conditions.
Fluorescents tend to lend a sickly green cast while tungsten lights turn everything yellow (see Figure 1).
The accuracy of a light source is called the color rendering index (CRI) – and an entire industry is built around measuring the ability of artificial lights to accurately reproduce colors. In addition to the International Commission on Illumination, other groups concentrate on the color accuracy of film, computer displays, projectors and printers.
While we won’t cover it here, it is important to understand the image processing that is done in smartphones and digital cameras and how to store and use images shot in RAW mode, which contain minimally processed data from the image sensor and records a ton of information about the photo
Returning to the scene of the crime
The color and accuracy of photos taken at a crime scene are paramount to gaining a conviction. If the defense can create enough doubt in what is presented at trial, the prosecution might lose the case. Is that lipstick stain red, maroon or wine-colored? Only through the use of color-neutral photographic equipment and high-CRI lighting – for every photo – can color accuracy be guaranteed across the scene.
Whether or not you have calibrated lighting, you need to disable your camera’s auto color balance, or if you cannot, then set it to “Daylight.” As stated earlier, if it has the capability, capture photos in RAW mode. Many smartphones have cameras in them that are just as good if not better than most low- to mid-range cameras – as long as the photographer knows how to properly use their equipment.
You can use an app such as Halide on iPhone and any app that supports the Camera2 API on Android. There is an extensive Halide manual, and this link (also available inside the app) offers you a free 10-day course via email.
Whether smartphone or camera, the first photo you take when arriving on scene should be of white balance and color reference cards. These two can be used in post-processing to tweak the color balance. If you do not have calibrated lighting, you should take a calibration photo after each move into different lighting. You can see a typical setup in Figure 2.
In the next article, we will cover the types of lenses, lighting and color balance to achieve the most accurate representation of in situ evidence.
FREE RESOURCE: How to buy investigation software (eBook) | <urn:uuid:1e509732-16c7-4ca2-866c-d2070253db25> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.police1.com/police-products/crime-scene-investigation/articles/crime-scene-photography-using-off-the-shelf-gear-part-1-hKbw1yxndh8Yv8aR/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662604794.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526100301-20220526130301-00058.warc.gz | en | 0.931383 | 896 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The earthquake that has destroyed parts of Türkiye and Syria is a tragedy for millions of families, including my own. One of the worst hit regions—around the ancient city of Antioch—is where my father’s family has lived for generations. This disaster has killed thousands of people and affected millions of others. Now that the last presumed survivors have been found, the region faces many other problems, including enormous amounts of debris from collapsed buildings, roads, and the like. This material is estimated to weigh up to 210 million tons—enough to cover Washington, D.C. four feet deep, or build a mound as tall as Mount Erciyes, a large volcano in Türkiye.
A 2017 U.S. congressional report highlighted post-disaster debris management as “one of the greatest challenges” on the path to recovery and rebuilding. These same challenges now confront Türkiye and Syria. The massive quantities of post-disaster debris, the desire and need to clean up quickly, and the high costs of debris-removal operations can lead to many missteps with dangerous consequences.
Our research on debris management highlights planning as a key driver in reducing long-term negative effects on the health of people and ecosystems. The plans need to identify and prepare disposal sites, establish capacity for recycling and provide guidelines for residents, contractors and local governments on how to safely manage the materials they encounter.
Debris removal can constitute around one third of disaster recovery costs and last for months or years. When not managed properly, unlined landfills, rivers, coasts or other open areas may become dumping sites for potentially hazardous materials. This contributes to the contamination of water and soil, alters the flow of rivers, and poses a huge threat to human, plant and animal life.
During the first 24 to 72 hours after a major disaster strikes, the priority in debris management is on clearance, to enable access to search and rescue, evacuation or the delivery of supplies, for example, by pushing debris out of roadways. The focus then shifts to collection—transporting debris to temporary collection areas. The final step is disposal, with multiple aspects such as sorting and separation, recycling, landfilling in designated areas, incineration, etc. The decisions about how to handle debris at each stage are complex, with significant long-term social and environmental consequences. For example, if and how much sorting is done during clearance and collection can impact the speed of search and rescue efforts, the cost and duration of debris management operations, and the eventual destination of the debris.
Where to place debris in the short-term is a significant social and environmental decision. After the Haiti earthquake, Rivière Grise became a dumping ground, especially for construction debris. After Hurricane Katrina, an emergency landfill opened in Versailles (a neighborhood in New Orleans expanded by Vietnamese refugees), and that decision led to numerous protests over environmental concerns.
In Türkiye, mixed into the construction waste of fallen buildings are asbestos and other harmful chemicals, along with household appliances and electronics. People and environmental groups have raised concerns about the potential hazards hidden in these mountains of debris, parts of which have been dumped in or near residential areas, agricultural fields, riverbeds or wildlife sanctuary areas. The Turkish government announced its debris management plans mentioning the separation, recycling, reuse for construction or proper disposal of debris. However, the execution of these plans has been challenging; government officials have welcomed input from the public if they observe erroneous or illegal practices by contractors.
There are three key steps in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of debris management activities: planning; technology and/or data driven decision-making in implementation; and oversight. To best prepare, the planning process needs to engage many organizations and experts from a broad range of fields including geology, civil and environmental engineering, city and regional planning, public health, industrial and systems engineering, and so on. Oversight during the execution is crucial to ensure that the plans are carried out properly or revised as needed.
Post-disaster response involves multiple stakeholders (e.g., governments, nongovernmental organizations, contractors), further emphasizing the importance of collaborative predisaster planning along with deployment exercises conducted during “normal” times on potential plausible disaster scenarios. In short, a “systems approach” is essential, considering the linkages and the cascading impact of decisions ranging from planning to the logistics of the implementation.
Data and technology can help in all aspects of debris management. For example, the Hazus tool developed by FEMA generates risk estimates and informs planning decisions of local governments, and EPA’s Disaster Debris Recovery Tool provides information for over 20,000 debris management facilities. Technology also enables collecting and sharing data or mapping the status of an area, to help assess the type, amount and location of post-disaster debris. Unfortunately, such tools or technology are not available in many vulnerable areas around the world. This is an area where collaboration across nations and governments, possibly with support from funding agencies and coordination by nongovernmental organizations, could significantly benefit planning efforts and reduce the negative impact of future disasters.
For thousands of years, the city where my father’s family comes from has been home to a mosaic of people from many cultures and religions, and it has been heartbreaking to see it turned to rubble. Some of the oldest relics of civilization might be lost forever. Amid the rush towards recovery and rebuilding, debris management must take center stage, and hopefully will not cause a different kind of devastation for future generations.
This is an opinion and analysis article, and the views expressed by the author or authors are not necessarily those of Scientific American. | <urn:uuid:76733f57-b925-4a5e-9fe1-fa35d7eadc85> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://flyynews.com/earthquake-debris-could-create-an-environmental-catastrophe-in-turkiye-and-syria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506632.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924091344-20230924121344-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.940257 | 1,155 | 3.453125 | 3 |
First observation of the hyperfine splitting in antihydrogen Scientists working at CERN have again made a landmark finding
August 3, 2017
Scientists are one step closer to answering the question of why matter exists and illuminating the mysteries of the Big Bang and the birth of the universe.
Antimatter research laboratory.
Credit: Professor Niels Madsern
Swansea University scientists working at CERN have again made a landmark finding, taking them one step closer to answering the question of why matter exists and illuminating the mysteries of the Big Bang and the birth of the Universe.
In their paper published in Nature the physicists from the University's College of Science, working with an international collaborative team at CERN, describe the first observation of spectral line shapes in antihydrogen, the antimatter equivalent of hydrogen.
Professor Mike Charlton said: "The existence of antimatter is well established in physics, and it is buried deep in the heart of some of the most successful theories ever developed. But we have yet to answer a central question of why didn't matter and antimatter, which it is believed were created in equal amounts when the Big Bang started the Universe, mutually self-annihilate?
"We also have yet to address why there is any matter left in the Universe at all. This conundrum is one of the central open questions in fundamental science, and one way to search for the answer is to bring the power of precision atomic physics to bear upon antimatter."
It has long been established that any excited atom will reach its lowest state by emitting photons, and the spectrum of light and microwaves emitted from them represents a kind of atomic fingerprint and it is a unique identifier. The most familiar everyday example is the orange of the sodium streetlights.
Hydrogen has its own spectrum and, as the simplest and most abundant atom in the Universe, it holds a special place in physics. The properties of the hydrogen atom are known with high accuracy. The one looked at in this paper concerns the so-called hyperfine splitting, which in the case of hydrogen has been determined with a precision of one part in ten trillion. This transition is used these days in modern navigation and geo-positioning.
The team have made antihydrogen by replacing the proton nucleus of the ordinary atom by an antiproton, while the electron has been substituted by a positron. Last year, in ground-breaking work published in Nature, the team used UV light to detect the so-called 1S-2S transition between positron energy levels. Now, the team has used microwaves to flip the spin of the positron. This resulted not only in the first precise determination of the antihydrogen hyperfine splitting, but also the first antimatter transition line shape, a plot of the spin flip probability versus the microwave frequency. If there is a difference between matter and antimatter, it could be found in tiny differences between this line shape in hydrogen and antihydrogen.
M. Ahmadi, B. X. R. Alves, C. J. Baker, W. Bertsche, E. Butler, A. Capra, C. Carruth, C. L. Cesar, M. Charlton, S. Cohen, R. Collister, S. Eriksson, A. Evans, N. Evetts, J. Fajans, T. Friesen, M. C. Fujiwara, D. R. Gill, A. Gutierrez, J. S. Hangst, W. N. Hardy, M. E. Hayden, C. A. Isaac, A. Ishida, M. A. Johnson, S. A. Jones, S. Jonsell, L. Kurchaninov, N. Madsen, M. Mathers, D. Maxwell, J. T. K. McKenna, S. Menary, J. M. Michan, T. Momose, J. J. Munich, P. Nolan, K. Olchanski, A. Olin, P. Pusa, C. Ø. Rasmussen, F. Robicheaux, R. L. Sacramento, M. Sameed, E. Sarid, D. M. Silveira, S. Stracka, G. Stutter, C. So, T. D. Tharp, J. E. Thompson, R. I. Thompson, D. P. van der Werf, J. S. Wurtele. Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen. Nature, 2017; 548 (7665): 66 DOI: 10.1038/nature23446
Swansea University. "First observation of the hyperfine splitting in antihydrogen: Scientists working at CERN have again made a landmark finding." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170803122741.htm (accessed August 12, 2017). | <urn:uuid:22809404-006a-48c4-9a26-993fe6bbf280> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.kailashkatheth.com.np/2017/08/first-observation-of-hyperfine.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948520218.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213011024-20171213031024-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.903366 | 1,018 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The symbol of a fish is sometimes used by Christians (you might see a fish sticker on a car or someone wearing a little fish badge). This comes from the time when the first Christians had to meet in secret, as the Romans wanted to kill them (before Emperor Constantine became a Christian). Jesus had said that he wanted to make his followers ‘Fishers of Men’, so people began to use that description.
When two Christians met, one person drew half a basic fish shape (often using their foot in the dust on the ground) and the other person drew the other half of the fish. The Greek word for fish is ‘Ikthus’ or ‘Ichthys’. There are five Greek letters in the word. It can also comprise of a sentence of Christian beliefs ‘Ie-sous Christos Theou Huios So-te-r’ which in English means “Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour”. The second letter of these five letters is X or Christos!
So Xmas can also mean Christmas, rather it should also be called ‘Christmas’ rather than ‘ex-mas’! | <urn:uuid:4f073fa8-6855-4c48-a595-d35ef88be04d> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://yeahcatholic.com/christmas-or-xmas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153709.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728092200-20210728122200-00297.warc.gz | en | 0.96681 | 246 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Food Prices and Climate Instability
Dry conditions in late summer in the Palouse region of Washington State. In many parts of the world the last few years world wheat yields declined due to instability of weather patterns that scientists believe is the direct result of climate change. Drought (Russia, Pakistan & China) or floods (in Australia) pushed up prices for farmers in Washington which is good right? However if the Russian drought was centered over the mid-west the result could be devastating. For every 1 degree C increase in temperature from climate change scientists estimate that grain crop yields will decrease 10% . World population is increasing about 3% per year. 80 million more people per year is not sustainable. Ocean acidification and over fishing is reducing yields. Approximately 20% of the world's population primary source of protein comes from the ocean. Food security and climate change is linked. | <urn:uuid:4b75b6ae-650c-46be-b3db-94e6342b7e12> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.paulkanderson.com/single-post/2014/04/19/food-prices-and-climate-instability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499845.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131055533-20230131085533-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.940123 | 175 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Smoking interferes with natural mothering. Lack of breastfeeding is a risk factor for SIDS. Mothers who smoke tend to either, not breastfeed or wean earlier and to have more breastfeeding problems. Perhaps smoking suppresses lactation by interfering with the milk-producing hormones. Also alarming is a finding that mothers who smoke have lower levels of prolactin , the hormone that regulates milk production and affects mothering behavior. Diminished maternal awareness of an infant’s needs has been implicated as a risk factor of SIDS, and a mother with less prolactin going through her may have less awareness of her infant, an especially worrisome situation when one considers that these infants are already compromised due to their exposure to smoke and nicotine.
At this writing at least five reputable scientific studies conclude that smoking around babies increases the risk of SIDS, and the more cigarettes the parents smoke the higher the risk.
Normally, mothers would never do anything to deliberately harm their babies, except when smoking addiction overrules. Your infant needs healthy lungs and healthy parents. You owe it to yourself and to your baby to stop smoking. Smoking and parenting don’t mix – without a risk. | <urn:uuid:4933f3e1-c700-4697-bac2-110824ddd3c0> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.askdrsears.com/topics/parenting/child-rearing-and-development/bringing-baby-home/how-smoking-harms-babies/smoking-hampers-mothering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657137056.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011217-00295-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953944 | 239 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This article was originally published exclusively for subscribers to our free weekly newsletter.
Issues surrounding the security of websites are not always well understood by their owners. What is a “secure” site and what are the dangers if yours does not come up to scratch?
Here are the two most important precautions you must take:
- Take regular backups. Whatever bad might happen to your site, whether it’s a server hardware failure, an attack by hackers or a software bug, your chances of a swift recovery will be greatly increased if you take sensible precautions against data loss. That means taking backups. Exactly what needs to be backed up, and how often, will vary depending on the nature of the site but one rule always holds: keep your data safe and separate.One of the things that distinguishes one hosting service from another is the quality of the backup services available. A question you should ask of any hosting provider is whether it is possible to backup your website automatically to a remote location. They may not offer such a service themselves but they should not make it impossible.
- Use strong passwords. Typically there will be a number of passwords associated with your website. You might have one for your hosting account, another for FTP access, a third for administration of your content management system and so on. All these passwords should be strong – meaning they should be hard to guess. Check password strength with this handy online tool from Microsoft.Keep your passwords safe. Don’t write them on post-it notes which you stick to your monitor! Consider using a program like KeePass to manage your passwords more safely.
If your website includes software components such as a blog, guest book, contact form or shopping cart, consider taking professional advice as to the security of your site. Poorly written software may expose your site to attack by hackers. Whether your site is large or small, prominent or obscure, it does not matter: many such attacks are carried out by automatic programs called “bots” which are simply looking for an opportunity to deface web pages or add malicious code to them.
One of the advantages of popular open source programs like Drupal and WordPress is that any weaknesses are generally quickly addressed once found. The downside is that their very popularity makes them a prominent target, which is why the precautions I cover in the following sections are so important.
A default WordPress installation will leave several security holes open. One area of particular concern is that it exposes information about the software you have installed. This being open makes you more vulnerable because many automated attacks work by first probing to see if some particular code is installed and then – if it is – trying an exploit which takes advantage of a known weakness in it.
Here’s some advice about how to strengthen your WordPress site:
- Keep your installation up-to-date. WordPress will tell you when new releases become available for the core software and plugins you have installed. To get new security fixes you should always update WordPress to the latest release, and in order to ensure compatibility you’ll often need to upgrade plugins at the same time. Before making an upgrade take a full backup of all files and the database.The bad news is that sometime a plugin will fail to upgrade successfully, so there’s always the chance you may need to roll back the update by restoring from your backup, before consulting an experienced WordPress technician to find a solution to your upgrade problems.
- Install the WP Security Scan plugin. This excellent plugin will identify where the most prominent holes are in your installation’s security and suggest remedies. To take the appropriate corrective actions may require some technical know-how, but can be carried out very quickly by anyone with the right skills.
- Install the AskApache Password Protect plugin. This plugin provides a number of measures to protect your installation, although it won’t always work fully in every environment so take a backup before trying each of its many options: handle with care.
Drupal security is taken very seriously and there’s a team of people dedicated to its continuous improvement. Here’s my top tips for making sure your Drupal installation stays safe:
- Use the Update Status module. From Drupal 6 onwards this is a core module, but it still needs to be activated. Update Status will tell you when new releases of Drupal and the modules you have installed become available. Since the fixes in new releases may be security-related, this is a very useful tool indeed.
- Subscribe to the Drupal security announcements mailing list. Whenever a new security fix is released for the Drupal core or contributed modules, it is announced here.
- Check user settings. Go to Administer -> User Management -> User Settings and make sure the settings for user self-registration are appropriate for your needs. Also, go to Admin -> User Management -> Roles and check the permissions for each role very carefully, paying particular attention to the anonymous and authenticated users roles.
- Check input settings. Go to Administer -> Site Configuration -> Input Formats and make sure the settings for input filtering are appropriate for your needs. Never allow anyone who is not a trusted administrator to input PHP or Full HTML, and limit the tags that can be entered by users as much as possible.
- Check error reporting. Go to Administer -> Site Configuration -> Error Reporting and ensure that the error reporting setting is “write errors to the log”, NOT “write errors to the log and to the screen”. (The latter setting should only be used during site development).
- Check your logs. Go to Administer -> Logs -> Recent Log Entries every day and look for suspicious entries. Bring any that you find to the attention of your developer or friendly technical expert. | <urn:uuid:9518c5a6-386a-4602-ba6b-586154336a63> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://figure-w.co.uk/website-security-for-wordpress-and-drupal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585045.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016231019-20211017021019-00633.warc.gz | en | 0.941377 | 1,169 | 2.53125 | 3 |
“Botanicus Interacticus uses the recently developed Swept Frequency Capacitive Sensing technology. Previous capacitive sensing techniques measure response to touch by exciting the target objects with an electrical signal at a single frequency. We excite plants at multiple frequencies, by sweeping them through a range between 0. 1 and 3 Mhz. Because the path of the electrical signal inside the plant varies with frequency, we can estimate touch locations by observing the frequencies at which the signal was affected by user touch. Since the plant has a complex and dynamic electrical structure, we use machine - learning techniques to recognize gestures on plants reliably and with high precision.”
Organic Biofield Sensor: www.ebdir.net/enlighten/sri_ocr_final_full_version_high_06b.pdf
what can be measured?
what can be observed or recorded 'subjectively'?
plants producing electricity in Plant MFC ??
current tests (200907)
EEML “Extended Environments Markup Language (EEML), a protocol for sharing sensor data between remote responsive environments, both physical and virtual.” http://www.eeml.org/
“SensorML is an Open Geospatial Consortium standard markup language (using XML Schema) for providing descriptions of sensor systems. By design it supports a wide range of sensors, including both dynamic and stationary platforms and both in-situ and remote sensors.” SensorML | <urn:uuid:c4dfd2d6-f466-4eb7-8b3e-f9548b80cd7e> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://libarynth.org/plant_sensing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736678979.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215758-00090-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903586 | 303 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Buy a terrarium from your local pet shop.
Put about 2-3cm of soil [preferably from where you collect the snail] in the bottom.
Add 1-2 small logs so the snails will have a place to crawl and to hide.
Bury a small shallow dish in the soil – level with the soil surface- for water. They will drink the water but should NOT be able to fall in and drown. A tiny metallic pie dish or pot-plant saucer works well.
For Australian native land snails, feed them regularly on mushrooms and cucumber skins. For introduced species such as the common garden snail, feed them ground up bird seed and carrot. Add a small amount of lime to their ground food to help with shell development. an even better alternative is to add a cuttlefish bone to the terrarium.
Clean their terraria regularly.
Keep them in a darker, cooler place [if it becomes too hot they will secrete slime and eventually drown in it]. Do NOT put them in the sun. | <urn:uuid:0617e254-2fcd-45e6-9ac7-e58c8a68c989> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://factsaboutsnails.com/snail-facts/snail-facts-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370497309.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330212722-20200331002722-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.956251 | 216 | 3 | 3 |
or te·pee, ti·pi
Origin of teepee
Words nearby teepee
How to use teepee in a sentence
According to a website of the tribe’s history, she was afraid the teepee would go up in flames and told him to lay very still.
He eventually found his grandmother hiding in a teepee packed with people, according to Mae Parry’s writings.
Start collecting fuel before it gets too dark, and build a teepee fire.
Having finished his smoke, he emptied the ashes out of the bowl of the pipe and laid it against the teepee-pole at his back.
The little fires were sportively burning outside of each teepee, where the morning meal had been prepared.
Thus laughingly exclaimed old Hohay as he approached the teepee of Sheyaka, a renowned hunter of the Sioux.
For a time a teepee where no one was sick could scarcely be found, and it was a rare day when there was no funeral.Mary and I|Stephen Return Riggs
A little pale smoke was rising over the thicket, and he also saw a conical skin teepee, while on the shore were three bullboats.The Outdoor Chums After Big Game|Captain Quincy Allen | <urn:uuid:33fbba08-0548-4221-9751-fdfcdf50f3e2> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.dictionary.com/browse/teepee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585671.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023095849-20211023125849-00178.warc.gz | en | 0.979563 | 260 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Tom Fuller (1890-1979) was born and raised in Indian Territory before Oklahoma became a state. Orphaned as a child, he made his way through life guided by a strong work ethic, a love of music, and a kind heart. He worked as a farmer, cowboy, and oilfield worker in southern Oklahoma and west Texas. His fiddling represents an earlier time, predating modern Texas contest style, when a fiddler’s main role was to play for dancing and to entertain family and neighbors. Although made near the end of his life, these recordings still show his distinctive arrangements, intricate bowing, strong rhythm, and clear phrasing. – Brad Leftwich
Additional Notes: Tom Fuller: The Life and Times of a Fiddler from Indian Territory by Brad Leftwich and Recollections of a visit with Tom Fuller by David Winston
FRC714 Tom Fuller – Traditional Fiddling From Oklahoma & Texas
From the collection of Brad Leftwich
Remarks by Brad Leftwich, April 2012
- Rio Grande (2:12) (key of C). Tom probably learned this tune during the time he spent in west Texas. Not only does the name refer to the river that forms the border between Texas and Mexico, but the melody is close kin to K.C. Kartchner’s “Tom Wagner,” which Kartchner describes in his book Frontier Fiddler as being named for a famous cattle ranch in the Texas Panhandle.
- Durang’s Hornpipe (2:41) (key of D). Nearly every old fiddler in Oklahoma played this tune. It is said to have been composed in 1785 in honor of John Durang (1768-1822), a noted American dancer and entertainer who toured with Ricketts’ Circus.
- Gawkey Creek (2:01) (key of A). Tom actually had no name for this tune and told me to give it one. It is probably a version of “Grey Eagle,” but distinctive enough that I thought it needed a name of its own. He mistakenly called another tune “Gawkey Creek” once, so I thought that was as good a name as any. It’s a creek near Fort Cobb in Caddo County, Oklahoma, near where Tom lived as a teenager with his aunt and uncle, Nora and John D. Williams. The Kiowa word is spelled “Gokey” on most maps, but pronounced (and sometimes spelled) “Gawkey.”
- Prettiest Little Girl in the County (1:18) (key of G). The Skillet Lickers recorded a distant cousin of this tune, but Tom’s lovely arrangement clearly came from another source.
- Rabbit Where’s Your Mammy (1:54) (key of D). This is the first tune Tom taught me to play. A number of tunes by this name found around the South are united more by the rhythm of the bowing than by their melodies.
- Verse to Rabbit Where’s Your Mammy (0:35)
- Pretty Polly Ann (1:47) (key of A). A widely played version of this tune was recorded by Arthur Smith, Eddie Stubbs, Howdy Forrester and others, but Tom’s is noticeably different from theirs and probably derives from a different source. Like them, he originally played it in AEAC# tuning, but as with other tunes he once played in discord, he changed it to standard tuning as his hearing began to fail and he had difficulty retuning his fiddle.
- Jan’s Tune (2:44) (key of C). Tom said this was his daughter Jan’s favorite piece. Jan Fitzgerald remembers that she had nearly mastered it on the fiddle when she was still living at home and playing music regularly with her dad. If Tom ever knew the name, he had forgotten it by the time I met him. Other sources, notably Marion Thede’s The Fiddle Book, identify it as “Oklahoma Run,” a reference to the great land runs of the late 19th century that officially opened Oklahoma Territory to white settlement. Tom’s grandmother and her family managed to stake a claim in the run that opened the Cheyenne-Arapaho reservation in 1892, and he went to live with them there after he was orphaned in 1898. Download a transcription by Brad Leftwich of Tom Fuller’s version here.
- Arkansas Traveler (0:51) (key of D). Although he doesn’t do so in the recordings here, Tom occasionally held the last note of a part for an extra beat before going on to the next part, especially in the second (high) part of the tune.
- Demijohn (2:03) (key of C). Demijohn is a creek west of Ardmore in Carter County, Oklahoma, not far from where Tom was born. It was a local name for a tune that is played fairly widely in Oklahoma and Missouri. Thede identifies it in her book as “Creek Nation,” and there are several other names for it as well. Download a transcription by Brad Leftwich of Tom Fuller’s version here.
- Fuller’s Reel (1:39) (key of G). This is another tune for which Tom remembered no name. I think David Winston started calling if “Fuller’s Reel,” and the name stuck. It may be an idiosyncratic version of “Jack of Diamonds” (not to be confused with the waltz-time tune also known as “Rye Whiskey”) — one part is nearly identical to the way Howard Bearden and Tom Herndon played that tune. Bearden and Herndon were from near Madill in southern Oklahoma, not far from where Tom spent his early years. Fiddlers in Oklahoma and Texas usually play “Jack of Diamonds” in the key of A, although it wasn’t uncommon for Tom to put a tune into a different key.
- Fullerton (1:12) (key of C). Again, a tune with no name. Tom said he learned it from an unidentified phonograph record. The only similar tune I’ve heard on a 78 rpm record is Narmour and Smith’s “Charleston #1,” which, except for one part, is still pretty different. So I put “Fuller” and “Charleston” together and named it “Fullerton.” I’m not sure I like the name, but I’ve been calling it that for so long it would be hard to change now.
- Eighth of January (3:03) (key of D). A pretty straightforward rendition of a classic fiddle tune, although in both recordings I have of him playing it, he uses a complex, repeating sequence of parts that is structured: AA BB AAB CCB, AA BB AAB CCB, etc.
- Great Big Taters in Sandy Land (2:02) (key of A). If Oklahoma had a state fiddle tune, this would have to be it. Almost every fiddler seems to have played it, and there are references to it going back to the earliest days in the territory. Tom’s version has a distinctive extra phrase in the high part.
- Walk Along John (1:09) (key of G). Arkansas fiddler Violet Hensley says the full name is “Walk Along John with Your Paper Collar On.” At contests in recent years, the second (high) part has evolved into something more akin to “Stony Point,” with extensive use of minor chords. Tom’s take on it is more archaic, and the beginning of the high part could either be interpreted as an E minor chord or not.
- Pass Around the Bottle (2:06) (key of D). Like “John Brown’s Body,” the drinking song associated with this tune is a parody whose melody goes back at least as far as the hymn “Canaan’s Happy Shore” in the early 1800s. Tom’s version is unusual in having an extra beat in the chorus.
- Flop-Eared Mule [key of C and G] (2:23). Tom could play this tune either in C and G, or in D and A (see track 24).
- Love Somebody (2:16) (key of D). I’ve lost count of the number of names I’ve encountered for this tune. Every fiddler seems to call it something different. And to confuse the matter more, some fiddlers use “Love Somebody” as a name for “Soldiers’ Joy.”
- Wagner (2:10) (key of C). Most versions of this tune are a real left-hand workout with lots of notes. I love the efficiency with which Tom works out of easy double-stop chord positions to get the rough contours of the melody, and then uses his bow to execute the details! He gets a really bouncy sound by extensive use of cross-bowing techniques.
- Soldiers’ Joy (2:51) (key of D). Here’s another good example of Tom’s use of cross-bowing. Listen also to the second phrase of the second (high) part: where most fiddlers end the phrase on the open A string, Tom skips all the way down to the open D string.
- Cindy (1:57) (key of A). Although in the southern Appalachians this tune is usually in the key of D, in Oklahoma and other western states it’s most often played in A.
- Buffalo Gals (2:24) (key of F). I’ve never heard anyone else play “Buffalo Gals” in this key. Most fiddlers play it in A or G. Tom said he changed it just because he liked the way it sounds in F. The melody he plays in the first part is also a bit unusual.
- Gawkey Creek (2:22) (key of A). See notes for track 3. He plays a few notes different between this take and the earlier one.
- Flop-Eared Mule [key of D and A] (1:35). See notes for track 17.
- Turkey in the Straw (2:35) (key of G). Very similar, especially in the high part, to a 1939 Lomax recording of Elmo Newcomer in Bandera County, Texas. At one time Tom could also play the tune in the key of D, but the high part required shifting into an upper position, which he didn’t feel that he could do given his substantial hearing loss.
- Arkansas Traveler (1:54) (key of D). See notes for track 9.
- Chicken Reel (1:40) (key of D). Some nice “chicken scratch” bow work on the second part of the tune.
- Sally Johnson (1:09) (key of G). Like Sally Goodin, this tune has evolved into a complex, multipart tune over the course of many years as a contest staple. Tom gives us a glimpse of its origins as a simple, two-part dance tune. His high part with its strong D chord double stop is striking and unusual.
- Panhandle Rag (1:58) (key of D). One of Tom’s “popular” tunes, this has been attributed to Leon McAuliffe, steel guitar player for Bob Wills’ band. Tom not only recast it as a fiddle tune, but reworked it to the point that it is quite different than the original both in melody and chord structure.
- Rochester Schottische (1:38) (key of D). Tom didn’t actually have a name for this tune, but it’s among the schottisches most often played by old-timers. He has a nice way of short-circuiting the transition from the second part back into the first.
- Cheyenne Waltz (1:32) (key of D). This tune is a distant cousin of Jess Morris’ “Old Paint,” one verse of which goes “Goodbye, Old Paint, I’m leaving Cheyenne”; but given the significant differences between the two, I believe Tom learned it from some other source. Living with his grandmother’s family on their claim in the former Cheyenne-Arapaho reservation, Tom knew Cheyenne Indians as a youth and probably associated this waltz with the town of Cheyenne in the western part of Oklahoma.
- That’ll be all for awhile [spoken] (1:11)
Total time: 61:57 | <urn:uuid:67dde02e-614f-46ab-ac33-32a09a93a1df> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://fieldrecorder.org/product/tom-fuller-traditional-fiddling-from-oklahoma-texas-frc714/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825363.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214044833-20181214070333-00081.warc.gz | en | 0.962549 | 2,736 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Scientists that we funded at University College London have revealed that an optimistic attitude can dramatically lower the risk of a subsequent heart attack, surgery and death in the four years after a heart attack.
The research, published in Psychosomatic Medicine, surveyed the mental attitudes of 369 patients that went to hospital with unstable angina and heart attacks, and then monitored their health over the next 46 months. In the UK, 2.3 million people are living with coronary heart disease, the major cause of heart attacks and unstable angina.
The study, led by BHF Professor Andrew Steptoe, found that after suffering from a heart attack or unstable angina, the most pessimistic patients were twice as likely to later suffer from more serious adverse health complications like heart attacks, heart surgery or death in the following four years, when compared to the most optimistic patients.
These findings could be linked to a number of physical and psychological impacts of a positive mental attitude. For example, 50 per cent of the most pessimistic patients who smoked were still smoking one year after going to hospital. In contrast, 85 per cent of the optimistic smokers had given up entirely one year on. Smoking has long been identified as a major risk factor for heart attack and angina with an estimated 22,000 deaths each year from cardiovascular disease attributed to smoking. This research comes ahead of No Smoking Day on 11 March, when we are urging smokers to quit for good.
The study also showed that optimistic patients are more likely to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables one year after their incident. 40 per cent of the most optimistic patients were eating the recommended five or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day, while only 20 per cent of the most pessimistic were eating the required amounts 12 months after their hospital admission.
Although the researchers believe that a more optimistic approach promoted recovery by making changes towards healthier lifestyles - by quitting smoking and eating more fruit and vegetables - they did not find that optimistic patients were more likely to be more physically active than pessimistic patients.
Heart attack and mental health
Suffering from a serious condition like angina or heart attack can take a drastic emotional toll.
Dr Mike Knapton
Our Associate Medical Director
Dr Mike Knapton, our Associate Medical Director, said: “Suffering from a serious condition like angina or heart attack can take a drastic emotional toll, which we know can lead to depression, further lowering the chances of a full recovery after a heart attack. If you’re living with a heart condition and struggling to cope, we would urge you to contact your GP who can put you in touch with the necessary support.”
Previous studies have shown that an optimistic outlook can be encouraged in patients and the researchers hope that their findings could help to identify the patients most at risk of serious health implications and those who would benefit from interventions to improve their outlook.
Find out more about how having a heart condition can affect your mental health. | <urn:uuid:5e4d82a6-572f-4935-a001-636cb3221e87> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/news-from-the-bhf/news-archive/2015/march/optimism-and-heart-attack-recovery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593302.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722135607-20180722155607-00022.warc.gz | en | 0.955441 | 596 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every person is equally entitled to. Including young people.
With a mission to support and empower young people and sport organisations, ENGSO Youth with the support of its flagship Young Delegates programme, and over the course of one year, developed a Human Rights Education through Sport manual that includes playful and meaningful non-formal education physical activities and exercises with a common goal: to highlight and educate young people to access their rights, Human Rights, through sport.
The essential, positive social role of sport is undisputed: joy of the game, diversity, tolerance, respect, and inclusion – these are the values that are actively embraced in grassroots sport, and are also of central importance with regard to human rights.
Here’s how you can start: read our new manual “Human Rights through Sport”.
Share the manual with your friends and colleagues
The manual is the final outcome of the Human Rights Education through Sport programme, funded by the Council of Europe through the European Youth Foundation. The main idea of the programme, which kicked off in Budapest (Hungary) in February, continued in Portimão (Portugal) in June, and concluded in Arnhem (Netherlands) in October, was to support youth and sport organisations as well as sport and youth workers in developing competences to act as multipliers for human rights and human rights education through sports.
More than 100 young leaders working within and/or with the youth & sport sector from more than 30 countries were introduced to a theoretical context around Sports’ contribution to promote, ensure and advocate for Human Rights. With the inspiration of discussions, exchange and their own expertise, participants of the Human Rights Education workshop series, led by ENGSO Youth, created a manual that includes meaningful non-formal education physical activities and exercises with the common goal: to highlight and educate on the power of sport as a tool to promote Human Rights. | <urn:uuid:1808e09f-db29-43c6-94f8-f206ca4cc9ee> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://engsoyouth.eu/2022/12/09/manual-on-human-rights-education-through-sport/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100172.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130062948-20231130092948-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.96217 | 394 | 2.765625 | 3 |
common name for social insects of the family Formicidae, in the order Hymenoptera (q.v.) , which also includes the bees and the wasps. Unlike bees and wasps, some species of which are solitary, all ants are social, living in organized colonies. True ants are to be distinguished from the so-called white ants, or termites, constituting the separate order Isoptera.
In most ant species, males remain winged throughout life, and females are winged until after mating. Certain wingless females, called workers, are usually infertile. The fertilized female becomes the queen of the colony, with the main function of laying eggs. The males die after mating, and the workers gather food, care for the young, and defend the colony. The nests of many species of ants commonly consist of chambers and galleries excavated under stones or logs or underground; some species construct their nests in mounds of earth and vegetable matter or in decayed trees.
The ant family contains more than 4500 described species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical countries. The ant body consists of head, thorax, and abdomen, with the abdomen articulated to the thorax by means of an abdominal pedicel, or stalk.
The four life stages of an ant are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The minute white or yellowish eggs laid by the queen hatch in two to six weeks and develop into white larvae, or grubs. After feeding a few weeks to several months larvae become pupae, commonly but incorrectly called ant eggs. In some species the pupae are naked, and in others they are covered with cocoons spun from a substance that they secrete at the end of the larval stage. After the pupal stage, during which no food is taken, the adults appear. During development the immature ants are fed, cleaned, and attended by the adult workers. As in all insects with a complete metamorphosis, the ant has attained its full size when it leaves the pupa stage. Left to themselves, males generally die after fertilizing the queens in the nuptial flight, and queens and workers may live for several years. Queens of some species of the genus Formica are known to live longer than 15 years.
Ants are generally omnivorous; some species, however, eat only certain
specialized foods. Most ants build some sort of nest and store food there. A few
species have developed highly specialized agricultural or pastoral habits.
Pogonomyrmex barbatus of the central U.S. and Mexico frequents fields of grass,
harvesting and storing the grass seeds. Some species of the widely distributed
harvester ants, which gather grain for food, have developed specialized workers,
sometimes called soldiers, with enlarged jaws, and these soldiers do virtually
nothing but crack the seeds for the other ants to eat. Ants of the genus Atta of
the southeastern U.S. and tropical America cultivate inside their nests a
species of fungus that is used as food by the colony. The tropical American
species are called the leaf-cutting ants, as the workers cut off pieces of
leaves, which are carried back to the nest and used to fertilize the fungus
Many ants eat a sweet fluid, called honeydew, that is excreted by aphids & scale. Some species actually keep and protect the aphids and care for their eggs. Honey pot ants of the genus Myrmecocystus of the southwestern U.S. store honeydew, utilizing certain workers as living containers for the fluid. These workers are fed enormous quantities of honeydew; their bodies become so greatly distended that they are unable to crawl about. They remain motionless in the nest, disgorging droplets of food as required.
Many ants practice trophallaxis, an association which involves complex forms of reciprocal feeding and the exchange of chemical stimulation. While feeding the larvae, the worker ants obtain from the surface of the larvae's bodies a salivary secretion that the workers eat avidly. The attraction of such metabolic products for the workers is considered to be the basis for the care of the young and for the organization and unity in the insect colony.
Colonies of ants usually establish one dwelling or nest. A few types, notably
the army and driver ants of the subfamily Dorylinae, are nomadic with nesting
phases. The nest of the doryline ants is an open mass formed by the clustered
bodies of up to a few million workers hanging from the underside of a raised log
or other surface and enclosing the queen and brood. The activities of ant
communities are characterized by a certain degree of division of labor, which in
some cases involves a permanent functional differentiation among members of the
colony. In certain harvester ants, for example, only the large-headed workers
crack seeds. More frequently, however, the division of labor is a relative
matter, as in most species of carpenter ants of the genus Campanotus. The
largest workers of these species predominate in defense, the intermediate-sized
ones in foraging, and the smallest in brood-tending, but all castes are capable
of all types of activity. In many species of campanotine and myrmecine ants,
individual workers may be temporarily specialized for foraging or brood-tending.
Like social insects in general, ants may be termed industrious, although colony activity varies from a high degree of intensity at certain times of the day (usually early morning and late afternoon, or early evening in nocturnal ants) to lethargy at other times, as through midday or in the early hours before dawn. Activity in Temperate Zone ants also varies seasonally, from a high level in midsummer to dormancy in winter. Lasting individual differences are present within the worker population of certain species; some are characteristically energetic while others are sluggish.
Some ants, especially those in the genus Formica, are capable of learning to find their way through fairly complex mazes, and they normally utilize this ability in establishing individual foraging routes from the nest. The learning capacity of ants is rigidly limited, however, and in contrast to mammalian learning is stereotyped and restricted. The complexities of ant organization that seem so remarkable to humans are actually a series of simple cues and responses .
In foraging from the nest, some ants, including the army and the driver ants, operate in definite columns following chemical trails; others vary in the individual use of cues, for example, the direction and plane of polarization of light. Many ants function only through subterranean galleries, many are strictly arboreal, but commonly the species range both above and below the surface of the earth. Communication among ants is highly efficient and is conducted mainly through tactual and chemical means, although some species exhibit vibratory and even auditory processes. Typically a "finder" ant arouses the colony, and excited nest mates may be influenced in their direction of progress from the nest by one means or another, according to species. For example, in the diminutive reddish-yellow Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis, common in kitchens, the excited finder in returning to the nest incidentally releases a track of chemical secretion that directs others to the food. Usually the excitement of the finder is greater when larger concentrations of food are discovered, and thus correspondingly greater numbers of nest mates are stimulated to forage.
The nests of many ants are inhabited by various beetles and other insects called myrmecophiles, or ant lovers, which are continuous residents; such insects range from definite parasites to somewhat beneficial types. Many ants live as temporary or permanent social parasites in the colonies of other ant species. The Amazon ant, Polyergus breviceps, carries out forays against other ants and brings back to the home nest some of the unconsumed brood to serve as slaves when they are mature. These slave ants perform the work of the Amazon colony, including excavation and brood-tending. Other slave-making ants include the sanguinary ant, F. sanguinea.
Common name for some 30,000 species of minute, usually oval-bodied arachnids of the order or subclass Acarina, or Acari ( see Arachnid ). They are worldwide in distribution. Mites resemble ticks in having the head, thorax, and abdomen fused into one unsegmented body, but they are usually much smaller. They often have three pairs of legs in the larval stage and four pairs in the nymph and adult stages. The mouth parts are adapted for piercing. Like most arachnids, mites breathe by means of tracheae (small tubes opening on the surface of the body), and they live in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Many are animal parasites; some, which subsist on vegetation, produce galls on plants. They are economically and medically injurious, because they carry diseases affecting livestock and humans.
Among the most important mites are the chigger and the itch mite. The follicle mites of the family Demodicidae, which infest human hair follicles and sebaceous glands, are about 0.025 cm (0.01 in) long. The bird mites of the family Dermanyssidae infest the skins of birds; the chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, attacks domestic poultry and produces a form of dermatitis in humans. More than 100 species of freshwater mites in the family Hydrachnidae inhabit U.S. lakes and rivers; these animals have fringed legs that they use in swimming. Among other common mites are the so-called red spiders, or spider mites, of the genus Tetranychus, which spin spider like webs; feeding on the undersides of leaves, they destroy many types of plants.
Erinose Mite also known as Bud Rust.
They are 0,1 to 0.3 mm long. They have a greatly reduced body structure & are basically worm like with only two pairs of legs.
They inject salivary compounds into the young plant tissue, so forming the galls, often like forests of hairs, among which they live.
The mite are virtually invisible to the naked eye & their presence is indicated only by the galls they form.
Erinose mite can only infest young plant tissue.
They are spread to new areas by wind & the transport of infected plant material. | <urn:uuid:c9b4bd35-f679-42d0-9b7c-836391434fe4> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.trop-hibiscus.com/CNBugs/other.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982296931.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195816-00058-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951376 | 2,176 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Shark Watch is an education, public safety and citizen science program.
With the California Academy of Sciences we are running the Shark Watch iNaturalist Citizen Scientist program. This App allows users to identify and collect observations on sharks and rays. Initiated in the San Francisco Bay, the program is now global and provides a database for scientists to identify time, place and species. Information can be used for education and fisheries or habitat management. Our Bay Ecosystem and Shark program brings underserved Bay Area youth to the Bay, learning about marine ecosystems, observing wildlife and seeking sharks and rays! These kids are also learning hands on solutions for ocean health by doing NOAA beach surveys and marine debris clean ups at Aquatic Park Marine National Heritage Area.
Using Twitter, Facebook and public safety programs Shark Watch is an alert system where surfers, divers or other stakeholders at risk can alert the public to an observation of a white shark near our coastline, a near miss or predation event.
The alert system will provide information to public safety officials to take measures such as signage, beach closures etc before shark encounters make the news.
The public can help the California Department of Fish and Wildlife enforce the California Shark Fin Ban by reporting violations through the Shark Watch platform. Alerting Shark Stewards with location and evidence ( e.g. photographs, samples, testimony- shark fin soup on the menu is not enough). Reporting on social media and through our website will allow us to follow up, and expose violators.
Tips have already lead to enforcement in California. | <urn:uuid:2c7bed36-c727-4edc-8066-cc8a5b599ea6> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://sharkstewards.org/shark-watch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670921.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121153204-20191121181204-00345.warc.gz | en | 0.905893 | 310 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Climate Change and Food Security
The IPCC in the 2007 assessment results from the climate crop models are given as the percentage in regional crop yield changes associated local temperature changes from year 2000.
As climate change policy is assessed in terms of the global average temperature changes from pre 1900 is necessary to make a conversion of the IPCC model results.
To convert the IPCC projected temperature changes from year 2000 pre 1900 the IPCC science of working group has a 0.5° C correction.
The IPCC says that the climate models do not have adequate resolution for local temperature and climate changes. Nevertheless in the crop model assessment and the temperature changes are recorded as local.
The IPCC does not provide equivalent global average temperature changes for these local temperature changes. This is provided by the national research council assessment of 2010.
(Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations. 2010.
Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations.
National Research Council http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12877.html page 129)
The NRC 2010 Climate Stabilization Targets provides the information we need.
C3 crops, the negative effects of warming are often balanced by positive CO2
effects up to 2-3 °C local warming in temperate regions, after which negative
warming effects dominate. Because temperate land areas will warm faster than the
global average, this corresponds to roughly 1.25 -2 °C in global average
The graph is from NCR report taken from the IPCC 2007 assessment.
The NRC graph provides equivalent global average temperature increase from the late 20th century for low latitude global warming also showing the local warming local warming and high latitude local warming.
From this the conversion chart above is derived.
For example, the IPCC absolute limit to crop tolerance before decline- from models is
3.0° C from 2000, which is 3.5° C from pre-1900
That makes the absolute limit for temperate regions and world agriculture 2.7° C global average from pre-industrial | <urn:uuid:220a3e58-c19b-4869-b927-f71665501b53> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://www.climatechange-foodsecurity.org/ipcc_conversion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738015.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808165417-20200808195417-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.85161 | 422 | 3.09375 | 3 |
100 Geography Lessons 2014 Curriculum Years 5 - 6
Two years of inspirational ready-made lessons fully matched to the Curriculum. Engage all your pupils and cut down on preparation time. Inside you’ll find two years’ worth of lessons and fully photocopiable activities, plus a CD-ROM packed with interactive activities and tools. Use the lessons as a complete teaching plan, or as a flexible filler when there’s a gap in your planning. | <urn:uuid:0fe6f92c-2e82-411b-add0-3e3610528bde> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.findel-education.co.uk/product/curricular/geography/teaching-resources/100-geography-lessons-2014-curriculum-years-5-6/he1488937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347419593.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601180335-20200601210335-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.880446 | 98 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Scaling and Root Planing
Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent dental problems among adults and young adults. It is a degenerative disease that causes severe infections and gum deterioration. When hearing the word ‘gingivitis’ a lot of people panic as an image of severely affected and irreparable teeth comes to mind. Moreover, although it is considered as a degenerative disease, gingivitis can be easily treated with dental scaling and root planning from the experienced professionals here at South Main Dental.
Dental Scaling or Root Planing: What’s the Difference?
A routine dental visit usually includes removing plaque buildup and tartar formation along the gum line. Scaling and root planning is considered as a non-invasive surgical procedure to correct severely affected teeth. Scaling and root planing is often called ‘deep cleaning’ since it targets the whole area around your teeth including the gum lines. Using a hand or ultrasonic instrument, dental scaling is an effective way of removing plaque buildup around the base of your teeth. It can be done manually to meticulously clean the area or using an ultrasonic device that uses sonic vibrations to remove the accumulation of plaque.
Root planing is a detailed scaling process used to reduce inflammation of the gums all the way down to the surface of your tooth’s root. Using a scaling device, it gently cleans the root surface to remove biofilm formation and plaque buildup. Unlike dental scaling, which only cleans the area around the gum line, root planing includes cleaning of the dental root to remove infectious organisms.
Initial Preparations for a Dental Surgery
If you have severely infected teeth or are suffering from periodontal disease, thoroughly cleaning the area first is the primary thing we will do. Dental scaling and root planing will remove any of the disease-causing bacteria that have invaded your mouth before any surgical procedures need to be done. Dental scaling and root planing need to be completed first before any actual surgery is done to ensure you do not get any other infections along the way. Depending on the severity of your dental condition or the recommendation you get from us, dental scaling and root planing is usually done over a time span of two or four visits for comfort and to ensure that all of the bacteria is removed.
The process of undergoing such treatment is also to prepare your mouth for the surgical procedure that needs to be done. Dental scaling or root planing ;is a considered as the “gold standard” for keeping your oral cavities free from harmful pathogens and other disease-causing infections.
Aftercare Tips for Dental Scaling and Root Planing
Because your teeth are cleaned from top to bottom, a slight discomfort is a normal occurrence, and sometimes tooth sensitivity develops lasting for a day or a week. Gum swelling and bleeding also happen in some cases, but this is part of the healing process. To prevent any other infections, our dentists will recommend using a special mouthwash or anesthetics to relieve the pain and lessen the swelling. Using a dose of medication directly inserted into the pockets of the gum line also helps to prevent further inflammation and reduce swelling.
It may take another visit to check if your gums and teeth have fully healed and so our dentists can measure the size of your dental pockets. Additional treatment may be needed if they have regressed or became deeper.
To find out more about dental scaling and root planing, simply give us a call here at South Main Dental by calling (662) 586-2311, or visit our dental office here in Pontotoc, MS. | <urn:uuid:e68baebd-b8df-4a4b-aa92-33119f2bbc18> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://southmainsmiles.com/p/dentist-Pontotoc-MS-Scaling-and-Root-Planing-p30996.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711003.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205032447-20221205062447-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.926499 | 745 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Even with an increasing number of U.S. states legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use, this plant still remains highly controversial in today’s society. But along with this controversy comes a great deal of confusion and misunderstanding about the parts of the cannabis plant and species, which serve different purposes. Yes, there are certain parts of the plant that can get you high, but other parts that have a very different effect on the body and offer promising therapeutic benefits.
This article will discuss the health applications of cannabidiol (CBD), including how this substance works in the body and the various ailments it may relieve.
CBD, THC, and Marijuana
Unlike THC, which is the psychoactive component of marijuana, CBD does not get you high or alter your state of mind. CBD is a non-intoxicating part of the cannabis plant that is used to treat a wide range of medical conditions. Alongside the growing popularity of CBD products, scientists are studying the therapeutic potential of cannabis more than ever before. At this time, CBD products are legal in many states where marijuana is otherwise still illegal.
How CBD Works in the Body
The hemp part of the cannabis plant contains the most CBD that is used for medicinal purposes. CBD, like all cannabinoids, attach to receptors in the body to produce effects in the body and brain. The human body actually produces its own natural cannabinoids, and researchers believe that CBD supplements encourage the body to use more of its own natural cannabinoids to induce sensations of calm and reduced pain and inflammation.
Uses for CBD
Studies indicate that CBD has many different applications because it can affect many of the body’s natural functions. This is a very interesting area of research right now because of exciting developments being made in the field of natural health. Here are some of the most common uses of CBD today.
Joint and Muscle Pain
One of the most promising benefits of CBD is its ability to relieve pain and inflammation without pharmaceuticals or over-the-counter drugs. CBD is used to relieve pain in the hands and feet, joint pain, and even post-surgical pain. Researchers are studying how CBD may be effective in long-term treatments for chronic pain as well. Many women also find CBD useful in relieving the pain and discomfort associated with menstrual cramps.
The FDA has approved the use of CBD in the form of Epidiolex as a therapy for certain types of epileptic seizures. CBD has shown to be particularly effective in cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, two rare conditions that cause epileptic seizures.
CBD is also often recommended to people (and even pets) who suffer from anxiety but who don’t want to rely upon pharmaceutical drugs to keep their anxiety levels down. While THC in marijuana can actually make a person’s anxiety and feelings of paranoia worse, CBD may actually reduce anxiety, panic attacks, social anxiety issues, and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.
For people who have trouble sleeping due to anxiety, stress, or post-traumatic stress disorder, CBD may be able to help. Studies have shown that low doses of CBD help induce relaxation and help people fall asleep within a natural cycle, rather than forcing the body into sleep with commonly prescribed medications.
How to Take CBD
CBD comes in a variety of forms in order to provide optimal doses for medical patients. Most people who use CBD for medical purposes prefer not to smoke or vape it, but rather try oils, concentrates, or edible products. For example, CBD products are sold in the form of lozenges, gel caps, ointments, massage oils, and beverages.
Since cannabis therapeutics is a form of specialized medicine, it is highly recommended to consult a trusted medical professional about dosage questions rather than guessing or blindly trusting an unknown manufacturer’s label. If you haven’t used CBD products in the past, it is a smart idea to start with a very small dosage and build up once you know how your body reacts to it. Also, when you buy CBD products, choose ones without artificial additives, flavors, GMOs, or preservatives for the most natural and beneficial experience.
Have you tried CBD for medicinal use? Please share your experience with your fellow readers in the comment section below. | <urn:uuid:056fa4bd-a05d-486b-9f71-b4a1ae93e53f> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.seagateworld.com/2018/10/understanding-cbd-and-the-health-applications-of-cannabis-therapeutics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181482.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125071137-20201125101137-00189.warc.gz | en | 0.94536 | 874 | 2.75 | 3 |
Ceramic tiles consist of several layers of ceramic material. They are available in different shapes, thicknesses and sizes.
Ceramic material consists of a mixture of sand, clay and other natural substances.
The mixture is first ground, then dried to the correct degree of humidity, then shaped and finally baked at a temperature gradually rising to 1,185 degrees Celsius.
The baking process takes about 12 hours. Once finished, the tiles are hard, strong, hygienic and fire resistant. They hardly ever bend and warp. | <urn:uuid:82ee0d44-bbc6-44f1-aa35-1fbea8a31c49> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.natuursteeninfo.eu/en/keramiek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151641.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725080735-20210725110735-00082.warc.gz | en | 0.933384 | 109 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Kakadu National Park, Australia
Source: Book, World Heritage Sites and Indigenous Peoples Rights
The Kakadu National Park is Australia’s largest national park, covering 19800km2. Aboriginal peoples have lived on the site for over 60000 years, and for many years the Mirarr People have intensely lobbied and fought to prevent the expansion of uranium mining on their traditional lands, seeking for the Kakadu to be inscripted on the “List of World Heritage in Danger” on the grounds that the mine threatened both the environment and their culture. Despite sending a special mission in 1998 to specially investigate the site and their advisory bodies backing the Mirarr people, the World Heritage Committee did not directly intervene. The debate is still not entirely settled, and the handling of the issue is still controversial. Some see it as disappointing that the WHC bowed to the interests of a States Party (Australia), yet others see it as an positive example of how the WHC can act as an international stage to highlight cultural and environmental issues. | <urn:uuid:63198be3-bbd3-4d6d-905c-f3b730bf2afd> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://iipfwh.org/oceania/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401641638.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929091913-20200929121913-00443.warc.gz | en | 0.948956 | 212 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Notes taken during Michael Faradays ground breaking Royal Institution lectures on the nature of light and magnetism are for sale at Bonhams
Book Sale on 8 June (£5,000-10,000)
The notes, bound in one volume, were put together by Maria Herries, daughter of a former Chancellor of the Exchequer John Charles Herries, and cover many of Faradays lectures from the mid 1830s-1850.
Also included are letters to Maria Herries from Faradays close friend, The Rev John Barlow, who took over the running of the Institution from Faraday and who, with him, introduced reforms to admit women members and ensure them equal access to lectures.
In one of the letters, Barlow writes of his excitement at Faradays announcement of his discovery that all substances are magnetic. Wonderful as was his discovery about light, he says, this seems still more surprising and comprehensive in what it leads to.
Faraday was one of the key figures of the 19th century and, indeed, one of the most influential scientists in history - Albert Einstein kept a photograph of him in his study. His discoveries laid the foundations of the field theory of electro-magnetism and much of modern science. A modest man he refused a knighthood and turned down the honour of burial in Westminster Abbey - Faraday was also a man of strong principle, refusing to participate in the development of chemical weapons for use in the Crimean War. Passionate about education, he gave some of the earliest Christmas lectures for young people at the Royal Institution which are still held today. | <urn:uuid:0bc5081d-b67c-46ea-b478-2cf1913da8cf> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=38487&int_modo=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246652631.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045732-00234-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978964 | 322 | 2.625 | 3 |
Miniature Husky Interesting Facts
What type of animal is a Miniature Husky?
The Miniature Husky breed is a type of dog. Yes, a very small one, almost toy-sized, but a dog indeed. And like many a fellow breed, they are defined by their high energy levels, and their intelligence as opposed to other huskies.
What class of animal does a Miniature Husky belong to?
The Miniature Husky breed, like all other canines, belongs to the mammal class of animals. Canines like the Mini Siberian Husky make great companions to humans for their gregarious nature and happy temperament.
How many Miniature Huskies are there in the world?
The Miniature Husky breed is so rare that there are only 700 of them across the world. So if you manage to adopt one of the miniature husky puppies, you are indeed one of the lucky ones! Because of their rarity, it can be very expensive to purchase a Mini Husky. They can cost anywhere from $1500-$5000. So while it may be a costly expense to purchase and maintain a Mini Husky, many pet owners swear by them as the most jovial and reliable friends to have around.
Where does a Miniature Husky live?
Since humans made the breed for human companionship, the Miniature Siberian Husky lives exclusively with humans, though they thrive more in colder environments. They were adapted from the standard-sized version of the Siberian Husky, to be the perfect complement to any household. The Husky puppy needs to be integrated into the household early, or else they may have difficulty adjusting to the people in it.
What is a Miniature Husky's habitat?
Since the Miniature Siberian Husky is a breed meant for humans, their habitat is mostly human residences, be it apartments, homes, or farms. However, since they are adapted from the standard version of the Siberian Husky, they will be more at home in colder climates. This wolf-like dog breed has emerged from the cold of North American Alaska, and as such, will not thrive in warmer climates because of their double coat. They are related to the larger Siberian Huskies, Alaskan huskies, and others who are in turn related to wolves and larger canines.
Who do Miniature Huskies live with?
In essence, the Mini Husky loves humans! They live with people all the time and are very social animals. Much like the standard Siberian Husky, they love to play around, exercise, and interact with other creatures and people alike. It is unsure if the Miniature Huskies will survive in the wild, but even at home, they face a lot of health issues. Problems like progressive retinal atrophy are something miniature huskies have developed after their integration into human society. So it is important to really take care of your Mini Husky to make sure they do not develop any such issues.
How long does a Miniature Husky live?
They live pretty long for a dog - about 15-20 years. This means that they will keep your family and children company for a very long time. Barring any health issues or health problems, these dog breeds can live very fulfilling and happy lives!
How do they reproduce?
They usually breed under the supervision of Miniature Husky puppy breeders. Since this is a breed intended for human supervision in general, it makes sense that there be human intervention to help them reproduce too.
What is their conservation status?
If you are worried about the conservation status of the Siberian Miniature huskies, do not be! Though there are very few of them around right now, there are many breeders around the world trying to bring up the population of the Mini Huskies. They are least endangered at the moment, with a conservation status of Least Concern, and will actively increase in the coming years. Though when speaking of Husky breeders, it is a good idea to focus on those who are reliable, safe carers for the Mini Siberian Huskies. Since there are many fake breeders in the market, potential Mini Siberian Huskies owners need to be careful about genuine and fake breeders.
Miniature Husky Fun Facts
What do Miniature Huskies look like?
Mini Huskies are small, fluffy animals with a long snout and blue eyes, along with a black or brown nose. They have short legs and a slightly curved tail, and a long red tongue that lolls around when they are happy. They have small ears, and a lot of fur all around - a double coat of it. These dog breeds also have a soft underbelly.
How cute are they?
The very reason they were bred in the first place is that people thought they were cute! So yes, Siberian Huskies are a total of 5/5 for cuteness! They are small, adorable, really cute to look at, and loved by kids and adults alike. A Mini Husky would indeed be the most adorable addition to your family, and definitely the talk of the block with their cuteness.
How do they communicate?
Like all other dogs, the energetic Mini Huskies bark, yip, yelp, growl, and grunt to express themselves. Outside of auditory calls, they also have body language which they use to communicate with others. This can include wagging their tails, flattening their ears, lowering their heads, and baring their teeth. In order to effectively communicate with such dog breeds, it is important that we can read every sign displayed by the Mini Huskies.
How big is a Miniature Husky?
Miniature Huskies, as the name suggests, are miniature indeed! This means that they are 12-17 in tall, which is almost one-third of the standard-sized Siberian Husky dog breed. They may look wolf-like, but this species of dog is so small they can even be called a lap dog. The Mini Husky also does enjoy sitting in laps, at your feet, or snuggling in bed with you.
How fast can a Miniature Husky run?
Usually, the standard Siberian Husky can run up to 28mph which is one of the fastest speeds seen in any dog breed. However, the Mini Huskies do not share this speed, and clock around 15 mph on a good day. This is because they have shorter legs, and despite their high energy levels, they are unable to match top speeds.
How much does a Miniature Husky weigh?
Mini Huskies are not very heavy and come in at around 10-20 lb. This is the perfect weight to be a lap dog while also being adorably small. However, their weight is not the only thing adorable and small about them! They are also called Alaskan Klee Kai by the Inuit people, who have the Siberian Huskies as pets. The phrase "Klee Kai" means a "little dog" or "small dog."
What are their male and female names of the species?
Since this breed is intended for human companionship, there is no specific name for the male or the female of this breed. There are also too few of them to warrant a sex-specific name, especially since they are not used in scientific research which would necessitate naming. So if you ever get a Miniature Husky at home, you are free to name them whatever you want. Make sure you choose a name your Mini Huskies will love too.
What would you call a baby Miniature Husky?
Husky puppies have no particular name. Since this breed falls into the generic category of a companion dog, Husky puppies are called just that. But on the bright side, a Mini Husky will be one of the best pets you could ask for, regardless of what you choose to call them. While science may not call a baby Mini Husky anything, that does not mean you can not pick out a nice name for them when you bring them home.
What do they eat?
They spend most of their lives under human care, so they mostly eat dog food. But even though this breed might be smaller than the rest of the dog breeds around, their wolf ancestry still makes them great hunters. So if you have any smaller pets around, like birds, cats, or mice, you would do well to keep them away from your Mini huskies. They might attempt to hunt them. They are carnivores at heart, after all. Even if you do feed them dog food, the Mini Siberian Husky will do well to eat meat occasionally, if not every day.
How much do they shed?
The Miniature Husky has a double coat, meaning twice the shedding. The double coat is a legacy of their cold habitat - the Alaskan Tundra. They needed it there to keep them warm, but they don't really need it anymore when in heat-controlled homes. So, even though you only have to brush them once a week, this breed sheds enough in one go for a whole month!
It would be a good idea to keep your furniture covered and practice proper hygiene to make sure that your dog is well cleaned and your family is safe. Many Mini Husky owners prefer purchasing lint rollers to clean the fur as well as electric shedders to help facilitate the shedding in one go. So if you are looking to adopt a Mini Husky for your family, why not discuss clean-up schedules well in advance?
Would they make a good pet?
No doubt about it! The Miniature Husky is a breed meant to be a pet for humans. As such, this dog breed has all the qualities of a good pet. They are energetic, happy, sociable, and very intelligent. This means they can be trained easily and will stay loyal to their owners. The Mini Husky is an excellent companion for children and adults alike. The Miniature huskies are not only friendly to all their familiars, but they are also very talkative which means you can expect them to communicate with you throughout the day.
However, they are very high-maintenance pets. They not only require constant attention, but they also have to be exercised well, fed only high-grade food, and require lots of human interaction to the point of being clingy. They may also experience separation anxiety, so adopt a Mini Husky only if you are well-equipped to deal with these unique challenges. They can also be very shy, so if you have children and other pets, it is recommended that you start by socializing them before the Husky can get comfortable with them.
Did you know...
The Miniature Husky is a very socially active dog. This means that they are very attached to their owners, and will face separation anxiety if parted from their owners for even a little time. So if you are considering adding one of these good little boys or girls to your family, you should be aware of the high maintenance they come with. You can easily achieve this by increasing playtime, letting them be in the same room as you, or just giving them the time of the day.
Did you also know that their blue eyes were adapted by their ancestors, the wolves, to see better in the dark and to camouflage well? We personally love the blue-eyed Husky! Even if they don't have to camouflage anymore, the eyes still look very good, don't they?
The first time the idea of a Miniature Husky came up was when Linda Spurlin saw an undersized Siberian Husky and decided this would be the perfect pet. As such, she went about breeding many a breed of the Husky together to finally come up with the Miniature Husky. Since this breed is intended to keep you and your children company, it was no surprise when they became popular in the late 1980s, and are well-coveted to date.
Health and characteristics
Though the Miniature Husky is usually a very healthy breed, some health issues may come up. Since it is a very heavily interbred dog, chances are that it may develop some health problems or health issues. Some of them can be progressive retinal atrophy, cardiac diseases, as well as excess hair loss. As such, it is important to make sure you keep taking your Miniature Husky to the vet at least once every three months. This way you can catch any health problems early, and make sure that your Miniature Husky lives a long and happy life as your pet.
You can even occupy yourself at home by drawing one on our miniature husky coloring pages. | <urn:uuid:a6f018a0-3013-4d93-98c9-d5975dfc751c> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://kidadl.com/animal-facts/miniature-husky-facts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964359037.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130141247-20211130171247-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.971176 | 2,599 | 2.78125 | 3 |
European countries neglecting their forestsBrussels, Belgium - WWF, the conservation organisation, today announced that in Europe Switzerland takes the best care of its forests - followed by Finland, Sweden, Austria and Slovakia. WWF warned that all European countries must take much better care of their forests. At the bottom of WWF's European Forest Scorecards rankings of 20 countries surveyed is Denmark.
Top-ranked Switzerland scored 62 out of a possible 100 points, and Finland 61. Sweden, Austria and Slovakia are joint third. Wealth and supposed environmental awareness is no guarantee of good forest care - Germany and France have similar scores to those achieved by eastern neighbours Poland, and Mediterranean countries like Spain and Turkey.
"European countries are neglecting their forests," said Per Rosenberg, Head of WWF's European Forest Programme. "Even the highest scoring country, Switzerland, only achieves 62 out of 100. The average score is 51. This is far too low. All countries have serious improvements to make in many areas of forest care."
Among the problems that need tackling in many countries are:
� lack of semi-natural or undisturbed forest,
� insufficient amount of protected forest,
� amount of pesticides and herbicides being used on forests,
� failure to leave dead wood in the forest, a vital habitat for many animals and plants.
WWF European Forest Scorecards are based on international and regional agreements signed by European nations. They are made up of 99 separate elements covering a wide range of issues including timber and other production, environmental care and quality, social and cultural aspects of forest care, protected areas and pollution. WWF European Forest Scorecards are unique in providing comparable information on how Europe treats its forests.
"Forests are a unique and precious natural resource" commented Per Rosenberg. "If cared for wisely, forests will offer jobs, recreation, timber, water and natural heritage for the millennium ahead. But Europe is not caring for its forests wisely. Action is needed now."
For further information and full Scorecard results and analysis:
Julian Scola, Press Officer, WWF European Policy Office, tel.: +32 2 743 8806, or on the Scorecards website | <urn:uuid:c50eeac2-fd3c-4d3c-a18b-0c7dfdc0abb8> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?2054/European-countries-neglecting-their-forests | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501173872.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104613-00275-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934224 | 439 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Fri, 20 July 2007
The British Empire is the largest (14.1 million square miles) and most populous (532 million people) empire in history. It is the reason why English is one of the world's most important languages, why 1/3 of the world drives on the left, and why much of the world uses the parliamentary system. Another testament to its power is the fact that one of its former colonies, the United States of America, is the current hyperpower.
In addition to colonizing the British Isles and North America (discussed in part one), Britain colonized islands in the South Atlantic, the South Pacific, and the Mediterranean (for the purpose of Royal Navy bases). Britain also colonized Australia as a penal colony. A joint-stock company, the British East India Company, also controlled India from 1600 to 1857, when power was transferred to the British crown as a result of the Sepoy rebellion. Significant territorial gains were also made in Africa after the Berlin Conference of 1884 during the Scramble for Africa time period. However, all of these possessions became independent one-by-one after WWII, with the exception of a few overseas territories. Most of the former colonies still have ties to Britain through the Commonwealth of Nations.
For more information, read:
The Penguin Book of Historic Speeches by Brian MacArthur
The Dictionary of Battles by David Chandler
The Guinness Book of Military Blunders by Geoffrey Regan
Military History Podcast is sponsored by Armchair General Magazine | <urn:uuid:9e8a3647-e730-4abd-8dcd-9496605cd4b5> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://geo47.libsyn.com/webpage/2007/07/21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607593.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523083809-20170523103809-00635.warc.gz | en | 0.944611 | 306 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Looking for an easy-to-care-for houseplant? Look no further than the spade leaf philodendron! This beautiful plant is perfect for beginners and is very low maintenance. In this article, we will discuss the care and maintenance of the spade leaf philodendron and some common problems that you may encounter. We will also provide tips on how to prevent these problems from occurring. So if you are looking for a low-stress way to add some greenery to your home, the spade leaf philodendron is worth considering!
What Is A Spade Leaf Philodendron?
A spade leaf philodendron is a tropical plant part of the arum family. It is native to Central and South America and can be found in rainforests and other moist environments. This plant has large leaves that are heart-shaped and green with a reddish underside. The flowers are small and white and grow in a spike-like structure (spadix).
Spade Leaf Philodendron Growth and Care
Spade leaf philodendrons thrive in bright light but can also tolerate lower levels of light. It prefers moist soil but can tolerate drier conditions once it is established. This plant does not require a lot of fertilizer and can be propagated by division or stem cuttings.
Sunlight and Temperature
Philodendrons need bright light but not direct sunlight. East- or west-facing windows are good locations. If your philodendron gets too much sun, the leaves will turn yellow.
In the summer, keep your philodendron in temperatures between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. You can keep it in a cooler location in the winter, between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Spade Leaf Philodendron Growth and Care: Watering
Philodendrons like moist but not wet soil. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Be careful not to overwater your philodendron, as this can cause root rot. You can tell if your plant is getting too much water if the leaves are wilting.
Feed your philodendron a liquid houseplant fertilizer every other week in the spring and summer. In the fall and winter, fertilize it once a month. Follow the instructions on the package of fertilizer you buy.
Spade Leaf Philodendron Growth and Care: Pruning
Pinch off the tips of the leaves periodically to help your philodendron grow fuller and bushier. You can also cut off dead or wilted leaves at the stem. However, be careful not to damage the healthy leaves.
One of the many benefits of having a spade leaf philodendron as your houseplant is that they thrive in humid environments. If you live in an area with dry air, adding a spade leaf to your home can help increase the humidity levels and improve your indoor air quality.
Soil and Potting
When it comes to potting and soil for your spade leaf philodendron, you want to use a well-draining mix that is slightly acidic. You can either make your mix or purchase a premade potting mix from the store. Be sure to avoid using soils with high nitrogen levels, as this can harm your plant.
When potting, use a pot that is only slightly larger than the current size of the root ball. This will help ensure that the plant does not become root-bound and stressed. If you are planting in a container, make sure there are drainage holes in the bottom so excess water can escape.
USDA Climate Zones
This resilient plant can thrive in various conditions, making it the perfect addition to any home. Whether you live in a hot or cold climate, spade leaf philodendron is sure to thrive. It can be grown in USDA Climate Zones nine to eleven.
How To Propagate Spade Leaf Philodendron
One of the great things about spade leaf philodendrons is that they are easy to propagate. You can divide the plant into several clumps and replant them, or you can take stem cuttings.
To propagate a spade leaf philodendron by division:
* Wait until the plant has finished flowering and has produced new growth.
* Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to cut the plant into several clumps, making sure to include at least one leaf and some stem on each clump.
* Replant the clumps in pots filled with moist potting soil.
To propagate a spade leaf philodendron by stem cutting:
* Wait until the plant has produced new growth.
* Cut a stem that is at least six inches long, making sure to include at least one leaf node.
* Remove the leaves from the lower half of the stem and dip them into rooting hormone powder.
* Plant the stem in moist potting soil and keep it in a warm place until it roots.
Both methods of propagating spade leaf philodendrons are very successful, so choose the way that works best for you. In no time at all, you’ll have a beautiful indoor garden filled with these easy-to-grow plants.
What Are The Benefits Of Having A Spade Leaf Philodendron In Your Home Or Office Space?
One of the best benefits of having a spade leaf philodendron in your home or office space is that it’s incredibly low maintenance. This plant doesn’t require a lot of water or light, so it’s perfect for people who don’t have a lot of time to care for their plants.
Another benefit of having a spade leaf philodendron is that it can improve the air quality in your home or office. This plant helps remove toxins from the air, which can benefit people with allergies or asthma.
Finally, spade leaf philodendrons are a great way to add color and life to any space. These plants can grow up to six feet tall, making them a great addition to any room. With their bright green leaves and delicate flowers, spade leaf philodendrons are sure to brighten up any space.
Common Problems With Spade Leaf Philodendrons And How To Solve Them
The spade leaf philodendron is one of the most popular houseplants around. And for a good reason – it’s practically bulletproof! But even the best plants can suffer from a few common problems. Here are some tips on how to solve them:
If your spade leaf philodendron starts wilting, it may not be getting enough water. Be sure to water it thoroughly, making sure the soil is wet down to the bottom of the pot.
If your spade leaf philodendron’s leaves are yellowing, it may not be getting enough light. Move it to a brighter location and increase the amount of light it’s getting.
If your spade leaf philodendron is losing leaves, it may not be getting enough fertilizer. Feed it a diluted solution of liquid houseplant fertilizer every two weeks.
These are just a few common problems with spade leaf philodendrons. But with a little bit of TLC, your plant will be back to its healthy self in no time!
Different Ways To Display Your Spade Leaf Philodendron
Like most people, you probably have a few pots of plants scattered around your house. Maybe some in the kitchen, others in the living room, and more in bedrooms and bathrooms. But what if you want to take your plant game up a notch? What if you want to make your home look like a veritable greenhouse? Well, then you need to start using spade leaf philodendrons in your displays!
There are a few different ways to use spade leaf philodendrons in your displays. You can put them in pots, hang them from the ceiling, or even grow them on a wall. Here are a few ideas:
* Put a spade leaf philodendron in a pot on your kitchen windowsill. The bright light will make it happy, and the proximity to food will make it easy to water.
* Hang a spade leaf philodendron from the ceiling in your living room. This is a great way to add some green to an otherwise dull space.
* Grow a spade leaf philodendron on a wall in your bathroom. This is a great way to add privacy while still enjoying some greenery.
Spade Leaf Philodendron Growth and Care: Final thoughts
If you’re looking for an easy-to-care-for plant that will brighten up any room in your house, look no further than the spade leaf philodendron. This beautiful plant is perfect for beginners, and it doesn’t require a lot of care or attention. So go ahead and add a spade leaf philodendron to your home today! You won’t regret it. | <urn:uuid:6e4874db-53ab-47ae-9c6c-74446ea3a19b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gfloutdoors.com/spade-leaf-philodendron-growth-and-care-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100705.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207221604-20231208011604-00410.warc.gz | en | 0.925335 | 1,872 | 2.71875 | 3 |
A review of the Large Parks in Large Cities conference, Stockholm, 2-4 September 2015.
The prognosis for urbanization is challenging—in the next 40 years, urban population will double. Under the growing pressure of modern urban development, large parks are valued by people more than ever. From the beginning of city development, large parks have played a very special role; originally, they were sacred groves, places for royal residence and hunting activity in addition to acting as public parks. The first conference entirely dedicated to different aspects of large parks was initiated by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature in Sweden and the Association for Ekoparken, in Stockholm, with the support of leading Swedish universities and NGOs.
Why were large parks chosen as a main emphasis of the conference? One of the keynote speakers, world famous American landscape ecologist, Richard Forman, clearly answered this question by emphasizing the importance of large parks (large patches of green) for preserving biodiversity, mitigating heat island effects and urban hydrology. Big parks are particularly treasured by most urban residents for recreation and are “a primary source of nature for human well-being in cities.” Large parks are the main “stepping” stones in urban green infrastructure and fulfill a variety of ecosystem services.
Large parks are an important basis for understanding cities’ natural and cultural histories, since some of them are oases left over from the original natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Big parks require particular attention and protection in developing countries, since they are the first green areas that are threatened to be reduced or even to completely disappear under the pressure of real estate prices. Thus, creating a network of people working with different aspects of large parks was also one of the main goals of the conference.
130 participants from 27 countries and six continents came to Stockholm. Presenters covered a wide range of visions for large parks in large cities, such as historical aspects, the role of such parks in the quality of urban life, creating sustainable green infrastructure and ecosystem services. Much attention was paid to the role of large parks in city planning and design and their relation to the European Landscape Convention.
The diversity and breadth of case studies of large parks around the world was striking. Some European cities, such as Stockholm and Moscow, are very lucky to have big national parks with wild nature within the city’s boundaries. Iranian, German, Colombian, Japanese and most U.S. cities are not so lucky—they tend to have “regular” public parks created in the 19th to early 20th centuries, in which tree groves and lawns are combined with water bodies and a wide range of recreational facilities. In some cases, in the absence of green resources in urban areas, such parks could include formal residential greens and even abandoned roads and railways.
It is also worth mentioning the role of Fedenatur, the European Association of Periurban Parks, where natural, fluvial and agricultural parks are located in metropolitan and peri-urban areas. Such parks can be found in Barcelona, Milan, Lyon and other cities in southern Europe.
Quite a few conference presenters discussed large parks in the broader context of urban green infrastructure. For example, Peter Clark pointed out that in 2009 in European cities, the proportion of green areas to total urban coverage ranged between 10 and 20 percent—a high proportion compared to 5 percent for Kuala Lumpur and 1.5 percent for Hong Kong, but less than Seoul’s 25 percent and Beijing’s 29 percent.
Clark expressed the importance of taking into consideration the multiplicity of economic, ecological, social and health impacts of urban green spaces. Today, not only big parks but wastelands, military exercising fields, old industrial sites, swamps, sport and recreation grounds, institutional gardens, private domestic gardens, allotment gardens, urban farms, boulevards, parkways, and roadside wedges should be re-valued. They can be “supporters” of as well as connectors to large urban parks.
In past centuries, when cities covered a rather small area, one could easily reach the nearest urban forest or pasture. With the growing congestion of industrial cities, fresh air, places for rest, berry picking and just walking in nature have started to become luxuries. In Stockholm, for example, the first public parks stemmed from formal royal parks, which were originally opened to the public from the middle of the 18th century (Kungsträdgården and Humlegården) under pressure from enlightenment actors. However, it took almost a hundred years for the city of Stockholm to plan and implement the first true public parks. In the late 19th century, two rather small parks, Strömparterren and Berzeli Park, were created. Djurgården, a former royal hunting ground, was situated just outside the built-up city and for many years compensated for the lack of public parks in central Stockholm.
Richard Murray, in his introductory presentation, demonstrated that in modern cities, land values vary a lot and even in very expensive places, such as New York, it is possible to find quite cheap pieces of land where green areas can be developed. If the costs and benefits of the ecosystem services that green areas provide were valued, developing green areas would be quite profitable.
The presentation by Mary Worrall and Sari Suomalainen on Birkenhead Park (U.K.) aroused particular interest among conference participants since it is the first publicly-funded park in the world to incorporate the concept of a park for people. This park was a catalyst and a model for the development of urban public parks in the U.S. and worldwide. The presenters’ analysis of social activities in this park uncovers the connection between the park’s history and today’s social use of the park.
Another European concept, the German “Volkspark” (People’s Park), flourished in the beginning of the 20th century. Such parks were based on natural landscapes and aimed to provide a wide range of recreational activities as well as to give work to unemployed people during the first years of WWI and the economic crises of the late 1920s.
A great example of a “Volkspark” is Amsterdamse Bos, which was developed in the 1920s and 30s with the help of 20,000 unemployed people. They turned empty agricultural land into a park full of diverse recreational facilities as well as amusing agricultural landscapes, such as a goat farm.
Parks and their role for biodiversity
In the densifying urbanized world, large parks are becoming special refuges for biodiversity. Thomas Elmquist, the guru of ecosystem services research from the Stockholm Resilience Center, discussed the importance of continuous green areas. The United Nations’ Ecosystem Millennium Assessment clearly demonstrated the value of large patches of urban greenery for biodiversity in general. Elmquist cited Ban Ki-Moon, secretary general of the United Nations, who said: “The principal message is that urban areas must offer better stewardship of the ecosystems on which they rely.” Elmquist provided recent costs of restoring waste lands, patches of urban forests and similar habitats and concluded that ecosystem services in big cities pay their costs of upkeep several times over.
Negative tendencies in large parks
Positive experiences from different case studies from around the world were overshadowed by sad stories of how great parks have lately been neglected and even ruined.
One such example is the Patte d’Oie Forest Reserve in Brazzaville, the Republic of the Congo. Benoit Fondu pointed out that rapid urbanization has “eaten” quite a big piece of this forest and has also resulted in unfavorable changes in fauna and flora. Benoit suggested ways to save the remnants of this treasured urban forest, including by creating a fence, and, most importantly, involving local communities in protection of the Reserve.
In the Iranian part of Kurdistan, in the city of Sanandaj, a large park called Deedgah has another kind of problem. A newly constructed highway has divided the park. The consequences are visible: there is now limited access, more noise and more inconvenience for the park’s visitors.
Similar problems are being experienced by the National Park, Losinij Ostrov, in Moscow, Russia. The Moscow Ring Road now passes through the National Park for 7.5 kilometers, fragmenting habitat and creating barriers for the park’s fauna.
However, there are solutions to mitigate such problems, such as ecoducts. Wildlife passages that have proven successful in Australia, the U.S., the Netherlands, Sweden and in other countries.
Unfortunately, African countries seemed to be behind in solving the problems of large parks, especially in the fields of planning and design at the master plan level. Africa has the greatest national parks that are sources of pride for their respective nations, but urban parks urgently need care and awareness.
Nevertheless, there were some positive examples presented from Africa. A newly developed large park now exists in Ibadan, Nigeria. It was developed on a spot that previously had inaccessible, overgrown vegetation. Now, it is a popular spot for urban recreation. Another case study came from Beira, the second largest city of Mozambique, where a large, multifunctional city park, Parque Rio Chiveve, is being planned along the river. Here, unique White, Red and Black Mangrove ecosystems will be preserved and included in the park’s conceptual design.
Interestingly enough, a newly presented proposal—Medellin River Park in Colombia—has a similar aim: to restore the river’s ecosystem and bring it back to its citizens.
Graham Fairclough brought up a very important point for discussion at this conference. He argued that urban parks should be seen not apart from the city, but as a part of the city. He asked: “Can a place be called a city if it has no parks?” His answer was: “Landscape is a culturally-enriched concept owned by everyone.” The Florence Charter and the European Landscape Convention are dealing with landscapes and proclaim that “landscape is an area as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors” and further that “landscape is at the heart of sense of place and identity.” Thus, parks must be seen as an important part of human rights. Citizens, therefore, have rights to participate in and influence the development of and changes to urban green areas.
Diversity of large parks
During the conference, some 20 parks had their own presentations, and many more parks, either already in existance or under design, were mentioned in thematic presentations. The diversity of approaches in research as well as in existing design and management practices was addressed through presentations on such subjects as transforming royal European parks to important green areas; restoring and adjusting parks to modern use, such as in Pavlovsky Park, the biggest landscape park in St. Petersburg; evaluating old English parks in Wales; discussing the activities of the Pittsburgh Park Conservancy; designing and managing Tehran’s Laleh Park; readjusting old Moscow parks to modern green infrastructure; mitigating the heat island effect of built-up areas, and much more.
There were quite a few examples of recently designed public parks: Emscher Landscape Park in Germany, a series of large parks in the Netherlands, a new nature park in Copenhagen, and designs for parks as part of green wedges in Swedish Gothenburg, Silesi Park in Poland, Ataturk Culture Park in Antalya, Turkey, and Flushing Meadow-Vorona Park in New York City.
The breadth of this park research opened our eyes to such new aspects as social study on crime in urban parks in Malaysia, community response to environmental changes resulting from Yatsu-higata Park in Tokyo, or fauna passing between urban parks in Brisbane, Australia. Likewise, presentation on park arthropods helped in understanding the significance of new research and the connection of arthropods to practical issues for protection and maintenance of large park ecosystems.
An impressive example was presented by Carmela Canzonieri, who shared a design proposal for a large park in Mexico City. The proposed park would be developed on an abandoned airfield. Ambitious designers are dreaming of reintroducing waters that have been buried for centuries and of creating a multifunctional public space.
Julia Czerniak, the leading large parks researcher from the United States, gave a special contribution. She talked about recently implemented parks such as Fresh Kills (south of Manhattan in New York on Staten Island), as well as examples from Singapore and Qian Hai Water City in China. Czerniak emphasized the importance of an ecological design approach and the use of knowledge and principles of urban ecology in designing and planning large parks.
The practical output of the Stockholm conference on big parks was the suggestion to include a section for large urban parks within the newly created organization “World Urban Parks.”
Maria Ignatieva, Richard Murray and Henrik Waldenström
Uppsala and Stockholm | <urn:uuid:105e4a0c-8143-4955-82bb-1f04049cf794> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2015/12/03/can-large-parks-be-urban-green-saviors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.959932 | 2,716 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Urology is a surgical specialty concerned with disorders or abnormalities of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra in both males and females. Disorders of the penis and testicles in males and disorders of the vagina in females are also part of the spectrum of conditions treated by a urologist. Urogenital or genitourinary (GU) are words that refer to the urinary and genital organs.
Because the genitourinary system is so complex, involving many systems in the body, a child with a genitourinary disorder may require a number of specialists to participate in his or her care.
Choose the pediatric urology condition you would like to learn more about: | <urn:uuid:60d799a6-1758-484e-a1b2-d56ef172715e> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.choa.org/Childrens-Hospital-Services/Urology/Pediatric-Urology-Conditions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246645538.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045725-00295-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955839 | 144 | 2.75 | 3 |
The basic right of any person being questioned or charged by the police to remain silent is thought to have originated in the UK, and remains an important part of the criminal justice system. In Britain, people being questioned by the police are warned that their defence at any future court hearing may be harmed if they use their right to silence during their dealings with the police.
Other People Are Reading
There are a number of views on the origins of the right to silence for suspects in a criminal investigation or those being questioned by members of the police force, Criminalcle reports. The majority of experts believe that the right to silence grew in Britain during the 17th century with reforms made to the criminal justice system; others believe the right to silence grew slowly and reached its peak in the 19th century with changes in the British criminal law that changed the presumption of guilt to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. Prior to reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries the British legal system did not allow legal representation for those suspected of a crime meaning they had to represent themselves and could not remain silent throughout a trial.
Regarded as a basic human right around the world, the right to silence is read to all people being questioned, charged or informed of their possible future arrest for a criminal offence in the UK, according to Student Handouts. This right basically informs a suspect in a crime that they do not need to say anything to the police that may harm any possible defense in a future trial. Any criminal trial conducted against a defendant who chooses to remain silent throughout their questioning cannot be conducted solely on the presumption of guilt based on the silence of the suspect during questioning.
The introduction of the 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act brought sweeping changes to the right to silence in England and Wales; Scotland operates under its own legal system and was not reformed by this act. These changes placed a sense of doubt that could be inferred to a court during a trial if a suspect failed to answer questions, make a statement or mention important facts when questioned or arrested by the police.
The UK right to silence is detailed to all people being questioned or arrested by police in one of two forms. Those who have already been awarded the opportunity to discuss their arrest or questioning with a lawyer are read the long form of their rights; during the reading of rights in the long form the nature of the offence is also detailed for the suspect. Those who are informed of their rights without consulting a lawyer first are read a short form of the right to silence, explaining that their defence may be harmed if they do not state important facts as soon as possible.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:e11a0753-2853-421f-8a33-97d3e8eb1357> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_12282330_right-silence-uk.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00141-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97379 | 559 | 4.09375 | 4 |
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part Number B10339-02
(Read-only) The SECONDS option holds the number of seconds since January 1, 1970. As an aid to enhancing a program's speed, SECONDS can be used to determine how many real seconds elapse while the program is running.
Example 21-23 Timing a Program
The following program puts the value of SECONDS at the start of the program in a variable called
t1, then displays the difference between
t1 and the value of SECONDS at the end of the program.
DEFINE prodsummary PROGRAM PROGRAM VARIABLE t1 INTEGER t1 = seconds LIMIT product TO ALL BLANK FOR product DO ROW WIDTH 16 name.product ACROSS month Jun96: DECIMAL 0 LSET - '$'WIDTH 18 <RSET ' (actual)' sales RSET ' (plan)' sales.plan> DOEND BLANK ROW WIDTH 35 LSET 'the program took ' RSET ' SECOND(s).' - (SECONDS-t1) END
Running this program produces the following results.
3-Person Tents $95,121 (actual) $80,138 (plan) Aluminum Canoes $157,762 (actual) $132,931 (plan) Tennis Racquets $97,174 (actual) $84,758 (plan) Warm-up Suits $79,630 (actual) $73,569 (plan) Running Shoes $153,688 (actual) $109,219 (plan) The program took 2 second(s). | <urn:uuid:7af40fb6-9ee2-4504-9849-f712915820f3> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B14117_01/olap.101/b10339/x_reserved014.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297172.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00168-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.716224 | 359 | 3 | 3 |
Dumbbells are lifting weights meant to be used with one hand, most often in pair. They are composed of two equal weights, generally of circular shape, linked by a central handle. The bigger and heavier version, designed for two-hand use, is called the barbell.
They are either fixed-weight, which is simple but not always efficent for home gyms, or adjustable, with various mechanisms allowing a to change the weight.
Similarly to the kettlebell, their history seems to go back as far as Antiquity and beyond, with different cultures using different shapes for a variety of strength training purposes.
Dumbbells are especially useful to develop upper body strength and muscles. This generally involves periods of bulking and cutting.
I started with a pair of 10 kg adjustable dumbbells. Handles weight 2 kg, and come with two discs of 2 kg and four discs of 1 kg. When I became more serious about lifting, I switched to a pair of Powerblocks. | <urn:uuid:d9ff258d-d955-46c9-aba9-bc789a07aa0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://now.lectronice.com/notes/dumbbell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300010.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220116180715-20220116210715-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.967638 | 205 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Residents of Scotland will head to the polls on September 18 to vote on whether to preserve or dissolve their 300-year old union with the United Kingdom. It is a stunning example of the persistence of nationalism despite decades of assurances by liberals and socialists alike that globalization dissolves national identities and/or makes national sovereignty increasingly irrelevant.
In a global context, the Scottish independence movement is unusual because Great Britain has been unified for so long, and the union (in 1707) was voluntary and not a result of conquest. Also, there has been no repression of Scots by the English for centuries, nor any threat to their ethnic identity; and the UK is a well-functioning democracy with robust human rights and a high standard of living.
Elsewhere in the world, Matt Qvortup reports, there have been 49 independence referenda since Texas voted to secede in 1861, and most of them have been ended in secession, with an average Yes vote of 83%. In Britain there have been ten referendums since the vote on whether to stay in the European Economic Community in 1974, and in seven of those cases voters opted for change over the status quo. So to the extent that this broader pool of cases is relevant, the chances of a nationalist victory cannot be ruled out.
As election day approaches, Scottish voters realize that they are facing a momentous decision and the country is in a grip of intense and for some exhilarating debate. For a flavor of the issues, check out the pro-independence website Yes Scotland and its pro-union rival Better Together. For a neutral academic discussion site, see Future of UK and Scotland. For the pro-independence case, see the speech by Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland on March 4, 2014, or read this article by Neal Ascherson. A trenchant argument for preserving the union is made by Gideon Rachman in The National Interest. Various celebrities have weighed in, with pro-independence Sean Connery facing off against Edinburgh resident J.K. Rowling, who donated £1 million to the No campaign.
South of the border, the independence movement is often seem as something whimsical and irrational, the product of a nostalgia for a land of wild, free, poetic Highland past. In a concise summary of the debate, John Lloyd suggests that Scotland is torn between “heart and head,” between a headstrong assertion of “who we are” and a rational calculation of collective self-interest.
Alternatively, the nationalist movement is portrayed as the creation of self-interested politicians – notably, Alex Salmond, the leader of the Scottish Nationalist Party – seeking power and a place in the history books. In this reading, independence is almost the accidental result of a sequence of short-sighted decisions by Labour politicians in Westminster – a failed devolution referendum in 1979, the creation of a Scottish parliament in 1998 – who had no inkling that their actions could lead to the break-up of the UK. (Just as Mikhail Gorbachev did not realize that glasnost and perestroika would lead to the collapse of the USSR.)
In her study of the break-up of Yugoslavia, Secessionist Movements and Ethnic Conflict, Beata Huszka argues that secessionist movements deploy one or more of three frames: ethnic security, democracy, and prosperity. Scots do not invoke any threat to their ethnic identity, so the case for independence depends on the latter two appeals – democracy and prosperity.
The democracy case hinges on the fact that Scots are more left-leaning than the English. Scots complain that they are repeatedly ruled by Conservative governments which would not have won power in an independent Scotland. The Conservative Party currently holds only 15 out of 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament. In the 2010 British general election, they won 17 percent of the votes in Scotland, and they hold just one of the 59 Scottish seats in the Westminster parliament (which is elected on the first-past-the-post electoral system, unlike the Scottish and European parliaments, which use proportional representation). After the 1997 Labour landslide the Conservatives did not have a single MP in Scotland.
More broadly, in a climate of increasing disillusion with the institutions of democracy (from banker bailouts, to phone backing, to MP expenses fraud) independence is seen as vote for social change and the reinvigoration of participatory democracy. For example, Hilary Wainwright argues that the referendum is “not even about nationalism” but rather is “an invitation to say no to a super power whose wars, most recently against Iraq, the Scottish people found abhorrent, and yet have been forced to join; a chance to say no to decades of social injustice and sacrifice at the altar of the global market by Conservative and Labour Governments at Westminster.”
Scotland already enjoys a high degree of devolution of powers. It has its own legal, police and education systems, complete control over its National Health Service, and so on. It lacks autonomy in foreign and military policy – an important point given that Britain’s controversial Trident nuclear deterrence submarines are based in Faslane, Scotland. It also lacks control over fiscal and monetary policy – a sensitive issue given the UK coalition government’s commitment to austerity to forestall inflation and preserve the value of the pound.
The counter arguments to the democracy thesis are:
(a) any democracy is about winning some and losing some – and Labour governments have ruled Britain for half the post-war period.
(b) If you believe in social democracy and social justice, then these goals are more likely to be realized in the 60 million strong British community if Scotland stays part of the union. Thus the utilitarian principle of “the greatest good for the greatest number” argues for the preservation of the union. The Scots should make common cause against the London elite with their cousins in the struggling north of England.
Sometimes it is argued that Scottish secession would mean permanent right-wing governments in the rump UK. This is an exaggeration. Because Scotland has only 4.2 million voters out of a UK electorate of 46 million, it is quite rare for Scottish votes to swing an election (to Labour, from the Tories). It only happened twice since 1945 (in 1964 and 1974, and only for a total of 26 months). Additionally, in 2010 Scottish votes did deny the Conservatives a majority at Westminster, and forced them to form a coalition with the Lib-Dems.
(c) One issue is who gets to vote. The decision was made to restrict the franchise to people residing in Scotland. That gives the right to vote to 400,000 people living in Scotland who were not born there, but disenfranchises 800,000 Scots living elsewhere in the UK. (In contrast, in recent referenda in Montenegro and South Sudan emigres were given the right to vote.) The SNP promoted this approach presumably out of fear that diaspora Scots would be more likely to vote No.
Another contentious decision was to lower the voting age to 16 – Austria is the only other European country with such a low voting age. The SNP was gambling that younger, more impressionable voters would be easier to rally to their cause.
(d) There is also the classic liberal argument against secession (as laid out for example by Michael Ignatieff): that it divides people who were peacefully living together, forcing them to pick one identity at the expense of other identities and creating a downward spiral of action and response.
On the prosperity front, oil is central to the psychology of the nationalists. It was the discovery of oil in the North Sea that enabled the hitherto marginal Scottish Nationalist Party to capture 30% of the vote in 1974 with the slogan “It’s Scotland’s oil.” Oil and gas revenue remains key to the economic viability of an independent Scotland, and hence to the political confidence of the nationalist movement. The problem is that oil only accounts for 15% of Scotland’s trade, and other sectors of the economy would be hard hit by the uncertainty following independence. Leading banks have signaled that they would probably have to re-register in London, where most of their business originates, to conform to EU rules.
The main counter-arguments of the No campaign have focused on the pound sterling, Scotland’s status within the European Union, and the question of budget subsidies.
Alex Salmond has tried to argue that “it is Scotland’s pound too” and that an independent Scotland has the right to continue using the pound as its national currency. This is a somewhat unusual stance for a nationalist – historically, having your own currency was up there along with the flag and anthem as symbols of national autonomy. English politicians responded by insisting that London would not allow Scotland to print money to cover government deficits – citing the crisis in the Eurozone as a sobering example of what happens when monetary union runs ahead of fiscal union.
In the televised debate on August 5 between Salmond and former Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling, head of the Better Together campaign, the latter hammered home the currency theme, arguing that “even an eight year old can name a country’s capital, flag and currency” but Salmond is unable to commit an independent Scotland to using the pound sterling, the Euro, or a new Scottish pound.
Salmond’s clinging to the pound sterling is an example of his broader political dilemma. To secure more than 50% of the votes on September 18 he needs to win over wavering voters who are worried about the possible disruptive impact of independence and who do not share the fervor of the nationalist true believers. Hence his insistence that Scotland will retain the Queen as head of state and the pound as its currency, and will stay part of the EU and NATO. Speaking on the BBC on August 7, Scottish Conservative Ruth Davidson characterized his position as one where “everything will change but nothing will change.”
On the European Union, the question is whether Scotland would automatically stay a member, or would have to apply for entry as a new applicant. The EU charter is ambiguous on the issue, but given the opposition of some EU members (notably Spain) to secession it is unlikely that Scotland would get a smooth passage to membership.
The budget subsidy issue arises because Westminster spends £1400 per head (15%) more on Scots than on residents of England (in part, this is seen as informal compensation for North Sea oil revenues). Thus for example Scottish students go to university for free, but English students have to pay £9,000 annual tuition (through state-provided loans). NHS patients in Scotland have free prescriptions while in England they pay £8 per item.
No survey over the past year has showed a majority favoring independence. The latest polls put the Yes vote at 46% and No at 51%, with forecasters confidently predicting a No victory. However, given the vagaries of turnout, and the uniqueness of the occasion, it is impossible to rule out a victory for the Yes campaign. And even if the referendum fails, a narrow margin of victory for union would mean that the issue would not go away. More devolution of policy responsibility is bound to follow – with likely pushback from English counties, triggering more calls for independence from north of the border. | <urn:uuid:f283d4f7-26cc-4355-970f-be0f338b9f0e> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://nationalismwatch.com/2014/08/23/scottish-independence-the-case-for-and-against/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400245109.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926200523-20200926230523-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.956454 | 2,308 | 2.625 | 3 |
Cynthia’s face remained completely blank, wearing that same empty stare at the theater, Bergdorf’s, a private dinner party, and even her regular hair salon. Everywhere she went, Cynthia tantalized the paparazzi and her adoring public—always seen on the arm of the fashionable Lester Gaba, wearing the runway’s latest styles and enjoying New York nightlife to the fullest—but still her gaze revealed nothing.
Of course, that’s because Cynthia was a mannequin, crafted by Gaba to promote his retail display business. In 1937, Gaba’s irreverent experiment captivated the public by spotlighting our larger fixation with mannequins, made up of a strange blend of adoration, emulation, discomfort, and sometimes even terror. Cynthia was merely the descendant of a long line of mannequins, whose idealized bodies gave shape to our materialist fantasies at least since the time of the Egyptians.
When archaeologists opened King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922, they found a wooden torso bearing the king’s likeness near a chest containing the young pharaoh’s wardrobe, considered the oldest-known forerunner to modern mannequins. This bust was likely used to model Tutankhamen’s elaborate garments and jewelry, providing a stationary figure matching the king’s specific measurements to assist with clothing design and adjustment.
“That would be more like a display form made for tailors and seamstresses, used almost like clothes hangers back then,” says Dr. Marsha Bentley Hale, one of the world’s foremost mannequin experts, who began amassing an extensive archive of research during the 1980s. “Eventually, they became mannequins, the figures that sell fashion.”
Similar to the elaborate fashion dolls that preceded them, retail mannequins were first developed to model the latest clothing styles for wealthy shoppers. The Industrial Revolution generated a surge in mass-produced clothing, requiring new stores with larger shopping spaces in cities across the globe. By the mid-19th century, the garment industry recognized the display form’s potential to make clothing come alive, and with the proliferation of shops—from five-and-dimes to luxury department stores—came an additional market for mannequins. | <urn:uuid:9c6de484-b797-416f-8c4f-adc71bdb3930> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/969 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998250.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616142725-20190616164557-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.944954 | 491 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A cesarean section or C-section refers to the surgical delivery of a baby. Instead of bringing the baby through the vaginal canal, your doctor makes an incision in the mother’s abdomen as well as uterus to bring out the baby. It is a common procedure used for delivering babies around the world. It has reduced the risk associated with unexpected problems arising during natural birth. The un-planned and planned cesarean surgery has reduced the complications to the mother drastically. But, many women still feel guilty over the surgical delivery method. They feel less of a mother compared to women who have had natural births. It is a misconception that women need to overcome. Read ahead to know more about the procedure.
Reasons For A Scheduled C-Section
Table of Contents
In some cases, your doctor can detect any problem with your health or the baby. So, the doctor pegs you for the invasive procedure in advance. So, you need to undergo an invasive procedure before the due date to deliver the baby safely. The factor that increases your need for C-section includes:
Certain Medical Conditions
Pregnant women suffering from serious health conditions cannot go through vaginal delivery. The medical condition can make vaginal delivery dangerously stressful. So, your doctor suggests a cesarean section when you suffer from the following:
If the pregnant woman suffers from certain types of infection, then vaginal delivery is not safe. It is because the virus gets transmitted to the child during delivery. Therefore, the doctor opts for cesarean surgery when the mother suffers from active genital herpes or HIV/AIDS infection.
A baby suffering from a congenital condition or other illness cannot make the journey through the birth canal. The journey is treacherous for the baby and affects the baby’s health.
A Large Baby
During the prenatal scans, your doctor can detect a large baby. Delivering a large baby through the vaginal canal is risky. The baby too large (a condition called macrosomia) cannot move safely through the birth canal and have high chances of becoming wedged in the canal. It can lead to baby sustaining injuries or facing other complications. So, babies weighing more than 4,000 grams (8 pounds and 13 ounces) need a scheduled cesarean section for delivery.
Expectant mothers who are obese can suffer from several health complications like high blood pressure or gestational diabetes. These risk factors make vaginal birth difficult. Obese mothers can also experience longer labors. So, the doctor plans for C-section to avoid any complications.
While older mothers can deliver vaginally. But, the risk of complications associated vaginal birth increases with maternal age.
The breech position refers to your baby is butt-first or feet-first. In normal cases, the breech position changes before birth or your doctor manages to turn it. But, a cesarean becomes necessary when it becomes impossible to change the position. A breech baby faces a high risk of getting stuck in the birth canal or suffers from oxygen deprivation due to the blocking of the umbilical cord.
The pregnancy with twins or more babies can increase the likelihood of having a cesarean section. Monitoring two babies at the same time during the labor becomes logistically difficult. Along with that, the increase in the number of babies in a single pregnancy enhances the risk associated with fetal and maternal problems. So, to avoid any mishaps during the birth due to cord compression from babies or high blood pressure of mother, your doctor suggests invasive procedure.
An expectant mother suffering from the placenta problem needs a cesarean section for delivery. The conditions, making the vaginal delivery difficult are:
- Placenta previa (placenta sits too low in the uterus, blocking the cervical opening)
- Placental Abruption (Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall)
If the baby suffers from any birth defect like a severe case of hydrocephalus, then the doctor suggests C-section.
If a pregnant woman develops high blood pressure, it can lead to a dangerous condition known as preeclampsia. It needs medical attention. But, in some cases, it escalates to eclampsia. The condition affects the pregnant woman’s central nervous system, leading to seizures. So, your doctor can recommend cesarean delivery to protect the mother and the baby.
Prior C-Section Delivery
When having a cesarean delivery the first time, it increases your risk of subsequent procedures. In such cases, your doctor recommends VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Cesarean).
Reasons For Unplanned C-Section
In some cases, a pregnancy proceeds like a normal one. You are progressing fine without any complications. But, the need for cesarean section arises well into the labor. It occurs unexpectedly due to some complications. The most common reasons for an unplanned or unscheduled cesarean section are:
Trouble With Starting Of Labor
Some mothers do not start labor, even after carrying the baby to term. No signs or symptoms appear to indicate the start of labor. For example, the cervix does not dilate even when you feel the contractions. In such cases, your doctor suggests emergency cesarean. It is usually opted by the doctor when your cervix does not dilate after 24 or 35 hours of having contractions (in first-time mothers) or less in subsequent deliveries.
Like normal cases, you may sail through the early stages of delivery. So, your cervix will dilate three centimeters to proceed with the labor. But, suddenly it grinds to a halt. Your doctor waits for the labor to proceed naturally. If it does not start by itself, then a labor stimulator is provided to jump-start the contractions. Such problems occur commonly when the baby’s head does not fit through the pelvis. Squeezing a big baby through the vagina becomes impossible. So, your doctor opts for the cesarean birth.
The fetal monitor picks up your baby’s heartbeats. During the labor, if your baby experiences any signs of distress, it is picked by the fetal monitor. Low heartbeats indicate the baby is suffering from some issues inside the womb. So, your doctor decides on the immediate surgery to take the baby out from the womb to avoid any fatal complications.
During a natural birth, you need to push the baby out of your womb. As the birthing progresses, you may feel exhausted. It becomes impossible to push the baby out. In such cases, your doctor suggests cesarean.
A Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
If a prolapsed umbilical cord makes it way to the birth canal before the baby comes, it can compress the space. So, the baby can face difficulty getting oxygen in the restricted space. The cutting off of oxygen supply during birth can have severe complications in the baby.
When the uterus ruptures, it becomes an emergency. So, to save you and your baby, the doctor opts for cesarean surgery.
While the cesarean section is major surgery, it becomes the safest option to bring the baby into the world without complications. The medical necessity can make it the best option to deliver the baby without any dangers. It is a safer option for mothers when vaginal delivery becomes risky.
Risks Of C-Section
While cesarean delivery is considered as a safe option for the mother as well as the baby, it has some risks. Like any invasive procedure, you and baby can experience some risks. But, skilled doctors try to overcome the risks with their skill and following proper guidelines. But, the risks associated with the invasive delivery method are:
- Blood clots
- Longer recovery time compared to natural birth
- Surgical injury to organs
- Hernia, adhesions, and other complications of abdominal surgery
- Increased risks for future pregnancies
- A C-section scar
The invasive method of delivery can also pose some risks to your baby. You need to know that opting for a cesarean birth can cause:
- Breathing problems (for a child that has not completed 39 weeks of gestation)
- Injury to the child during surgery
You and your doctor need to talk about birthing options before the due date. You need to prepare yourself for any unexpected situation arising during the birthing. During the prenatal visits, your doctor can determine any issue you or your baby shows that can lead to requiring a cesarean surgery. So, keep your mind open and get all the information. In the end, the right decision is the one that will not affect the mother and baby’s health.
Preparing For C-Section Delivery
Some women decide early that cesarean delivery is an ideal option for them. In such cases, the doctor offers you complete instructions. So, you have to follow the instructions to lower the risk of complications. It will ensure a successful delivery without any complications. Like normal pregnancy, you need to go for all the checkups. It is also essential to undergo blood tests as well as other examinations to ensure your overall health. The examination also determines the possibility of cesarean delivery. When you go for a planned C-section, your doctor will record your blood type. Some women may need a blood transfusion after the surgery due to excess bleeding. Recording the blood type will allow your doctor to prepare for any complications.
At times, unexpected events happen with pregnancy. So, you must always prepare yourself for the unexpected. You need to discuss your risk factors leading to the cesarean delivery during the prenatal appointments with your doctor. Discuss all the possibilities with your doctor and the steps to lower them. Try to make sure you get all the answers to the question. It will help you mentally prepare for the unexpected if any complication arises before the due date. You need more time to recover from cesarean delivery compared to normal birth, you need to arrange assistance. The extra set of hands will help you take care of the baby and perform other tasks without stressing too much. Arrange help at home as you need to recover from surgery along with taking care of the baby.
Procedure For C-section Delivery
Your gynecologist suggests the cesarean delivery when the child feels distressed inside the mother’s womb. It is also opted by the doctor during emergencies. In such cases, you need to plan to stay in the hospital for three to four days. It is to recover from the surgery. You need to undergo several steps to deliver baby surgically. So, the steps your doctor follows are:
Preparing For The Surgery
The gynecologist prepares you for the surgery. Your abdomen is cleaned and you are prepared for receiving IV (intravenous) fluids in your arm. It allows your doctor to administer any medication or fluids necessary during or after the surgery. A catheter is also placed in the bladder. It is to empty the urine from the urinary bladder during the surgery.
Anesthesia For The C-Section Surgery
Since you are about to undergo an invasive procedure, your doctor gives you anesthesia. There are three types of anesthesia preferred for cesarean delivery, namely:
- Spinal Block
- General Anesthesia
In most cases, an epidural or spinal block is preferred for surgical delivery. It is because the method exposes the baby to only a low amount of medication. Along with that, the mother can also actively participate in the delivery process. But, in rare cases of emergency, your doctor suggests general anesthesia.
When you opt for an epidural for your C-section, the doctor numbs the small area on the back with a local anesthetic injection. Then, the anesthesiologist inserts a catheter (a tiny tube) in the expectant mother’s lower back using a needle. The catheter is left after removing the needle. Your doctor uses the catheter to deliver the anesthesia medication as per requirement. The anesthesia can numb the entire abdomen for the surgery. You may not feel any pain. But, you can experience pressure during the needle insertion.
If your doctor suggests a spinal block, then the anesthesiologist injects the medication in the lower back. The needle injects the medication into your spinal fluid. Your doctor removes the needle after administering the medication. You can experience relief from the pain immediately. The pain relief lasts for a few houses (1.5 hours to 3 hours). So, the mothers feel numbness in the abdomen to the legs.
It is only a pain relief method that makes you lose consciousness during labor. So, the expectant mother remains unconscious during the birth of the baby. Using the general anesthesia for the surgery can expose your child to the medication before delivery. So, it is opted by gynecologists during rare cases.
The type of anesthesia your doctor chooses depends on the mother’s and baby’s health. The underlying reason for performing cesarean surgery also influences the decision. For a planner cesarean surgery, you can choose anesthetic. But, while deciding to take into account the safety of your child. Therefore, opt for an epidural or spinal block that offers safety to both you and the unborn baby. In some cases, the anesthesiologist places the catheter for an epidural in normal delivery and then the mother requires emergency surgery. So, the doctor injects a stronger dose of drugs using the same catheter. It offers you pain relief. Always talk to your doctor before choosing the anesthesia to determine the best option for you.
Making Incisions For Delivery
After properly medicated and numbed, the doctor starts making incisions on the abdomen. In normal cases, the doctor opts for horizontal incisions just above the pubic hairline, across the pelvis. But, in emergencies, your doctor opts for vertical incisions. The incisions expose the uterus. So, your doctor makes the incision into the uterus to remove the baby. The opening of the uterus is covered. Therefore, the mother cannot see the procedure.
After taking the baby, your doctor cleans the bay by clearing the mouth and nose of fluids. The baby is separated by clamping and cutting the umbilical cord. The nursing staff checks the baby’s breathing and other conditions. The doctor takes care of the after birth.
Close The Incisions After Surgery
Women who plan to have no more children after the delivery undergo tubal ligation. It is the procedure performed by the doctor after getting a signed consent to tie the tubes. The doctor repairs the uterus using dissolving stitches. Finally, the abdomen incision is closed using sutures. You remain in the post-operative area for at least an hour. It is to monitor your vital signs and signs of heavy bleeding. If you have stable vital signs and normal bleeding (you bleed vaginally from a healing uterus), then the doctor suggests transferring you to the postpartum room. You spend the remaining days in the hospital in the room.
Recovery Process After C-Section
After undergoing the invasive procedure, you and your baby need to stay in the hospital for three days. You have to remain on an IV after the surgery. It allows your doctor to adjust the painkiller levels after the surgery to relieve pain. The painkillers delivered directly into the bloodstream after the anesthesia wears off. So, you will not feel immense pain.
The day after the surgery, your doctor will encourage you to get up and walk around. It is to prevent constipation as well as blood clots. Your doctor or nurse will also teach you the right position for breastfeeding. It is to avoid additional strain on the incision area, which can cause pain. Your doctor recommends home care after the surgery. You need to follow all the instructions suggested by the doctor religiously to avoid any complications. But, in most cases, you must follow the guidelines like:
- You must take it easy. Avoid lifting heavy objects or perform a strenuous activity that can affect the stitches. So, take rest for the first few weeks after the procedure.
- Use the correct posture. It is to support your abdomen and avoid pressure on the sutures.
- Drink plenty of fluids. It is to replace the fluid lost during the C-section.
- Like natural delivery, you have to avoid sex for four to six weeks. It is better to get the all-clear from the doctor before the intimate act.
- You need to take the pain medications as per the suggestion from the doctor.
- Some women can suffer from postpartum depression. If you see signs of overwhelming fatigue or severe mood swings, then seek assistance from a professional.
In some cases, women who have undergone cesarean can suffer from signs that indicate some serious issues. So, you need to call your doctor immediately after you see the signs:
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Breast pain with fever
- Bleeding with large clots
- Pain while passing urine
- Signs of infection (like fever, discharge from the incision, redness, swelling)
Many women feel like a failure after having a C-section. But, no matter how you go there, the important point is, you have reached the finishing line of pregnancy with a healthy baby. Having an emergency cesarean delivery does not make you less. Most women feel regret due to the studies suggesting long-term health complications for babies delivered by cesarean. They tend to suffer from metabolic disorders like diabetes or obesity in their later life. But, mothers who opt for the surgical method of delivery prevent the risk to their unborn baby. So, you have made a brave and right decision to protect your baby from harm.View Article Sources | <urn:uuid:7bc232be-c272-4374-9b41-be9e6d599f3d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.healthadvicer.com/c-section-cesarean-section.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100523.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204020432-20231204050432-00614.warc.gz | en | 0.926885 | 3,675 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Psychological research newspaper articles
50 great psychology articles and essays interesting psychology articles from around the net -- great articles about psychology -- a list of the best articles on. Provides apa style guidelines on citing newspaper articles. Psychological research on developmental psychology psyarticlescom psychology articles articles about developmental psychology learning language in the womb. · learn about the brain, behavior and health read health articles on intellectual development, brain abnormalities, and mental health updated daily.
What’s riskier: skydiving or leaving your marriage of 18 years for many of us, psychological risks—such as quitting a secure, well-paying job to go back to. Aps and its journals support a scientific research culture that encourages transparency psychological science has launched a new category of articles called. Leading scientific journal articles to inform meaningful research delve into the science of psychology and behavior with psycarticles ®, the database of full text. Read about causes, symptoms and treatments associated with stress, something that most people encounter from time to time. The journal publishes cutting-edge research articles, short psychological science, the flagship journal of the association for psychological science.
Psychological research newspaper articles
List of psychology magazines and journals with free from official journal of american psychological news and research articles. · psychology news find breaking news, commentary, and archival information about psychology from the tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Mental health includes our emotional, psychological (mayo foundation for medical education and research) also in spanish mental health and heart health.
Find a particular journal, magazine, newspaper use this program to import references from research full text excerpts of over 80 psychological works. Keep me updated about new in-mind articles, blog entries and the authors review psychological research showing that even fleeting forms of touch may have a. · social psychology news find breaking taught and did some of the research most controversial conservative newspaper edited by james panero and. View the latest from the world of psychology: from behavioral research to practical guidance on relationships, mental health and addiction find help from our. Psyarticles publishes articles and features with a focus on psychological research and theory.
Psychological stress doesn't just put as he slaps his patient in a newspaper cushion the findings of research: the effects of stress are even more. Apa (american psychological association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences this resource, revised according to the 6th edition. This site provides free full-text articles (from american psychologist, etc) and other resources re: assessment, therapy, forensics, etc.
Psychological tests news find breaking news, commentary, and archival information about psychological tests from the latimes. Psychology research and behavior management the opinions expressed in all articles published here are those of the specific author(s). A guide to basic library resources for beginning research this database is produced by the american psychological good for finding psychology articles. Behavior & society 2632 articles archived since 1845 filter by: all articles video superior iqs associated with mental and physical disorders, research suggests.
Psychology news read today's psychology research on relationships, happiness, memory, behavioral problems, dreams and more. About this journal founded in 197, newspaper research journal (nrj) is a refereed journal that comprehensively answers questions about us newspaper performance and. Psychological science publishes cutting-edge empirical research of broad interest and theoretical significance across the field of psychology. News articles relating to psychology, mental health, behavior, stress management, alzheimer's, bullying, depression, gender issues, parenting, sexuality, sleep. Psychological research newspaper articles according to the american psychological association’s latest stress survey, recent research from the university of.
Psychological research newspaper articlesRated 4/5 based on 27 review | <urn:uuid:dc56c804-b6fe-4472-ab5b-1aef40ca8a1a> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://xxassignmentlucq.uncserves.info/psychological-research-newspaper-articles.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515352.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022155502-20181022181002-00214.warc.gz | en | 0.879187 | 763 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Voyager journeys to the edge of the solar system
On the interplanetary highway, there are no mile markers and no exit signs. Precious few clues indicate that you're nearing the edge of the solar system. Those clues, however, are revealing that the venerable Voyager 1 spacecraft, launched 26 years ago and now 90 times as far from the sun as Earth is, either has reached or will soon enter a turbulent region near the solar system's final frontier. There, the solar wind first slams into large numbers of atoms and molecules that have leaked into the solar system from interstellar space. The encounter puts the brakes on the solar wind, causing it to abruptly slow from supersonic speeds of 400 to 700 kilometers per second down to subsonic speeds of 100 km/sec, according to simulations. | <urn:uuid:5b3b2bab-0278-4d24-8914-d75da55b7b30> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.sciencenews.org/article/next-stop-interstellar-space | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00373.warc.gz | en | 0.923896 | 162 | 3.71875 | 4 |
19 July 2013
“New results to be presented today at the European Physical Society’s High Energy Physics conference (EPS-HEP 2013) in Stockholm, Sweden, have put the Standard Model of particle physics to one of its most stringent tests to date. The CMS and LHCb experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will present measurements of one of the rarest measureable processes in physics: the decay of a Bs (pronounced B-sub-s) particle into two muons.
The new measurements show that only a handful of Bs particles per billion decay into pairs of muons. Because the process is so rare, it is an extremely sensitive probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Any divergence from the Standard Model prediction would be a clear sign of something new.
Protons collide in the CMS detector, producing a Bs particle that decays into two muons (red lines) in this event display from 2012 (Image: CMS)
Both experiments will present results to a very high level of statistical significance (over 4 sigma for each experiment). These results are in good agreement with the Standard Model.
‘This is a great result for LHCb,’ says LHCb spokesperson Pierluigi Campana. ‘It’s precisely for measurements like this that LHCb was built. This result shows that we’re really putting the Standard Model to the most stringent test yet at LHC energies, and so far it’s coming through with flying colours.’
‘This is a process that particle physicists have been trying to find for 25 years,’ says CMS spokesperson Joe Incandela. ‘It demonstrates the incredible capability of the LHC and experiments like CMS that are able to detect such a rare process involving a particle with a mass that is roughly 1000 times smaller than the masses of the heaviest particles we are searching for now.’”
See the full article, with links, here.
Meet CERN in a variety of places:
THE FOUR MAJOR PROJECT COLLABORATIONS
ScienceSprings is powered by MAINGEAR computers | <urn:uuid:d6f20887-e636-4c1a-a014-2bfa119d2bfb> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | https://sciencesprings.wordpress.com/tag/lhcb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982967939.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200927-00064-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901116 | 452 | 2.953125 | 3 |
How Long Does Aids Live Outside The Body
HIV disease is a very dangerous disease since it cannot be cured. This disease is more like a fearful disease and now people all over the globe are very well aware of it. People, who are afraid of HIV often asked how long does aids live outside the body. They ask this question from doctors as well as on medial web sites. These are the ones who want to be very careful while visiting barber shops and having relationships with more than one women. Since the awareness about aids has increased in the past many years, doctors do not elaborate much while answering how long does aids live outside the body?
Both men and women are vulnerable to HIV. We think that if we get a cut on our skin at a barber’s shop and the blood comes out then we are susceptible to have HIV virus. This is not the case. HIV (Aids) virus stays on the skin, even on the blood as long as the blood clot is fresh and in liquid form. As the clot becomes dry the virus dies. HIV virus has a very short life outside the skin. You might have started getting answer to your question, how long does aids live outside the body. The virus survives hardly for a few minutes outside the body but it gets in the body then there are chances of growth. Let us look to small but important aspects of aids virus growth.
Researches show that there are many chances of getting aids infection from any barber shop. One has to ensure that the barber uses a new razor each time. The infection occurs if the virus enters the body via blood stream. In this case one has to take HIV precautions. This disease never gets transmitted through any causal contact. If someone who is HIV infected does an unprotected intercourse with non-infected woman, then there are only one percent chances of infection. Obviously this does not mean that one can go for unprotected intercourse every time.
You can sit, play and eat with HIV infected person without any fear. There are only two possibilities of having this virus in your body; either you do unprotected sex multiple times with an HIV infected person or you get an infected blood in an hospital or via any blood contact for example at a barber’s shop.
HIV is definitely a fatal disease and one should take care of it especially when maintain sexual intercourse and other relationships. It is always safe to have intercourse with a person you are sure about that he or she is not HIV infected. The simple answer to how long does aids live outside the body is, consider all the aspects and not just preventing oneself on the surface. You can even look for more answers online. It is not about how long does aids live outside the body, it is about how long you prevent yourself from having it. | <urn:uuid:8672fc90-fa37-4c35-a582-2322162bc839> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.howlongdoes.com/health/how-long-does-aids-live-outside-the-body/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769888.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00090-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96794 | 568 | 2.703125 | 3 |
About Imperial City of Hue
The Imperial City of Hue was the capital of Vietnam from 1802 to 1945 and of vital importance to the last Vietnamese royal house of the Nguyen Dynasty. As the country’s political, cultural and religious centre for this period, Hue boasts an array of architectural treasures and UNESCO has described it as an “outstanding example of an eastern feudal capital”.
Of particular significance is the way in which the city was integrated within its natural surroundings.
Imperial City of Hue history
Nguyen Anh ascended the throne of a newly unified Vietnam in 1789 and immediately proclaimed himself Emperor Gia Long with Hue. The new ruler consulted divination to decide where a new city should be built, and in 1804 construction began on the Imperial City of Hue with thousands of workers ordered to build the citadel and moat.
The city suffered in 1947 when the Viet Minh seized the citadel. A French counter attack besieged the city and a 6-week battle destroyed many major buildings and the Imperial Palace was burned. Later, during the Battle of Hue in 1968, US troops were ordered to hold shelling on the city because of its heritage. However, these restrictions were gradually lifted.
Imperial City of Hue today
Listed as a World Heritage Site since 1993, the site of the Imperial City of Hue is actually a vast complex of monuments spread over 4 kilometres and encompassing some 140 constructions of varying sizes including temples, pavilions, a library and even a theatre. This was all protected by three circles of impressive ramparts reinforced by 24 bastions and pierced by 10 intricately decorated gates.
Many sources refer to the city as the citadel, but the Hue Citadel is just one aspect of its remains, within which are set the Imperial Residence, the Imperial City or Hoang Thanh and the Forbidden Purple City or Tu Cam Thanh as well as administrative and military structures.
Beyond its Citadel, the Imperial City of Hue has an array of sites, including fortresses such as Tran Hai Thanh and Tran Binh Dai. Further out, one can find its spiritual quarter with its temples and tombs.
Getting to the Imperial City of Hue
Located in Thanh pho, Hue, the Imperial City sits opposite the river from the new buildings and accommodation and therefore is an easy walk away. Otherwise you can use the Grab app to hop into a taxi there.
Vietnam Historic Sites
Known for its stunning natural beauty, complex history, and famous hospitality, Vietnam is home to a number of key sites for any history lover. | <urn:uuid:49a2016d-3bbe-43e7-aeb5-1e955de48548> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.historyhit.com/locations/imperial-city-of-hue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645595.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530095645-20230530125645-00726.warc.gz | en | 0.956648 | 531 | 3.1875 | 3 |
by Ron Gilliam, resident of Lewis County, Kentucky
(Lewis County Kentucky)
Mountain lion - photo added by Michael - photo by Beyond the Trail [Gary] (Flickr)
I spend many hours in the hills and woods, especially in the Summer. Several of my neighbors have seen two large black cats, for four or five years, in this area (Beechy Creek). They seem to have a home base in a vacant barn, located on a deserted mountain top.
Also, I have family members, who have spotted a large black female cat with small cubs, crossing a creek in the vicinity of Laurel Road and Tar Fork. On another occasion, they saw a pair of large black cats, a male and female, in the same area.
Recently, I have found very large cat tracks close to my home. This concerns me because they are too large to be mountain lions.
Several mountain lions have lived in this area, for many years. It is not uncommon to see them near Kinnconick creek near Camp Dix and Laurel.
They seem unafraid of people and will walk along edges of grassy fields. What is the possibility of being attacked by one of these large cats?
In the last twenty or so years, Eastern Kentucky and maybe all of Kentucky has been repopulated with coyotes, wolves, wild turkeys, bears, and large cats. Bobcats were always here. Few people go into the woods now, without a gun. It has dramatically changed the area. | <urn:uuid:5bc4e14d-ab96-41b6-b786-d6d6a08656cb> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://pictures-of-cats.org/what-is-the-possibility-of-being-attacked-by-a-mountain-lion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860110805.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161510-00012-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98123 | 310 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Elementary Mathematics Kindergarten Unit 4
Subject: MathematicsGrade: Kindergarten
Timeline: 10 days
Unit 4 Title: 3D Shapes
This unit will give the opportunity for students to learn about 3-dimensional shapes in their everyday lives. They will have the opportunity to give specific names to the various 3D shapes. In addition to learning about the 3-dimensional shapes they will also be able to build the shapes and compare them to two-dimensional shapes.
At the end of this unit, all students must be able to recognize 3D shapes in their environment. They also must be able to name each of the 3-Dimensional shapes they are introduced to throughout the unit. Finally, they must be able to explain the difference between 3D and 2D shapes.
PA.CCSS.Math.Content.CC.2.3.K.A.1 Identify and describe two- and three- dimensional shapes. (K.G.1, K.G.2, K.G.3)
PA.CCSS.Math.Content.CC.2.3.K.A.2 Analyze, compare, create, and compose two- and three-dimensional shapes. (K.G.5)
Mathematical Practice Standards:
#1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
proficient students start by explaining to themselves the meaning of a
problem and looking for entry points to its solution. They analyze
givens, constraints, relationships, and goals. They make conjectures
about the form and meaning of the solution and plan a solution pathway
rather than simply jumping into a solution attempt. Proficient students
check their answers to problems using a different method. They
continually ask themselves, “Does this make sense?” They can understand
the approaches of others to solving complex problems and identify
correspondences between different approaches.
#4 Model with mathematics.
proficient students can apply the mathematics they know to solve
problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace. In early
grades, this might be as simple as writing an addition equation to
describe a situation.
#5 Use appropriate tools strategically.
tools might include pencil and paper, concrete models, a ruler,a
protractor, a calculator, a spreadsheet, a computer algebra system, a
statistical package, or dynamic geometry software. Proficient students
are sufficiently familiar with tools appropriate for their grade or
course to make sound decisions about when each of these tools might be
helpful, recognizing both the insight to be gained and their
limitations. Mathematically proficient students at various grade levels
are able to identify relevant external mathematical resources, such as
digital content located on a website, and use them to pose or solve
problems. They are able to use technological tools to explore and deepen
their understanding of concepts.
#6 Attend to precision.
proficient students try to communicate precisely to others. They try to
use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own
reasoning. They state the meaning of the symbols they choose, including
using the equal sign consistently and appropriately. They are careful
about specifying units of measure, and labeling axes to clarify the
correspondence with quantities in a problem. They calculate
accurately and efficiently, express numerical answers with a degree of
precision appropriate for the problem context. In the elementary grades,
students give carefully formulated explanations to each other. By the
time they reach high school they have learned to examine claims and make
explicit use of definitions.
Concepts - Students will know:
- How to find 3D shapes
- How to name 3D shapes
- The difference between 2D and 3D shapes
Competencies -Students will be able to:
- Find 3D shapes in their environment
- Name each 3D shape
- Give examples of attributes for 2D and 3D shapes
- Kindergarten Checklist Components
Elements of Instruction:
Students describe their physical world using geometric ideas (e.g., shape, orientation, spatial relations) and vocabulary. They identify, name, and describe basic two-dimensional shapes, such as squares, triangles, circles, rectangles, and hexagons, presented in a variety of ways (e.g., with different sizes and orientations), as well as three-dimensional shapes such as cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres. They use basic shapes and spatial reasoning to model objects in their environment and to construct more complex shapes.
lesson has differentiation options for each portion of the lesson.
Additional differentiation options are listed with directions and
student masters in the Teacher’s Guide.
- Math routines
- Literature books
Additional Resources / Games:
will play a variety of games that directly support the content of the
lesson and the overall goals for the unit. Games for unit four included: | <urn:uuid:f63055b1-d642-41c9-addf-dbc9c9bc244c> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.eriesd.org/Page/11802 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496671260.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122115908-20191122143908-00498.warc.gz | en | 0.923384 | 1,024 | 4.3125 | 4 |
Vonnegut's slaughterhouse five, free study guides and book notes including comprehensive chapter analysis, complete summary analysis, author biography information, character profiles, theme. A literary criticism of slaughterhouse-five, by kurt vonnegut as a novel of violence is presented the novel is considered as a satire of both the 1960s and of world war ii the article. This type of alien visitor would recur throughout vonnegut's literature slaughterhouse-five is the vonnegut novel best known for its antiwar themes. This slaughterhouse five literary analysis contains a look at slaughterhouse five themes bright hub education study guide for slaughterhouse five by kurt vonnegut. Home → sparknotes → literature study guides → slaughterhouse-five slaughterhouse-five kurt vonnegut table of contents how to write literary analysis.
Slaughterhouse-five quotes tags: literature 372 likes like ― kurt vonnegut, slaughterhouse-five 354 likes like. Critical insights: slaughterhouse-five 10-14 essays offering current critical analysis by top literary scholars kurt vonnegut. Teach your students to analyze literature like litcharts study guide on kurt vonnegut's slaughterhouse-five five: detailed summary & analysis. Slaughterhouse five by kurt vonnegut a cab driver who took him back to the slaughterhouse novelguidecom is the premier free source for literary analysis. Slaughterhouse-five is an account of billy pilgrim's capture and incarceration by the germans during the last years of world war ii, and scattered throughout th.
Immediately download the slaughterhouse-five summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis slaughterhouse five by kurt vonnegut kurt vonnegut novel slaughterhouse. Literary devices- slaughter-house five no description by daniella rojas kurt vonnegut uses a simile to describe what was given to billy to hang around his neck he says the tag was.
Kurt vonnegut’s slaughterhouse 5: summary & analysis you are here: home english kurt vonnegut’s slaughterhouse 5: summary when one begins to analyze a military novel it is important to. June 5, 2012 slaughterhouse-five may reveal vonnegut’s ptsd kurt vonnegut’s slaughterhouse-five is the mind-bending tale of billy pilgrim, a wwii prisoner of war who endures the bombing of.
It was one of the first literary the dell paperback collection at the library of congress has four copies of kurt vonnegut's slaughterhouse-five issued. Analysis of kurt vonnegut's slaughterhouse-five section one- introduction slaughterhouse-five, written by kurt vonnegut junior, was published in 1968 after twenty-three years of internal. Kurt vonnegut's 'slaughterhouse-five' is a kooky, dark exploration of the horrors of war and the nature of space and time in this lesson, we'll.
Slaughterhouse-five by kurt vonnegut-the story 2 the book slaughterhouse-five by kurt vonnegut is a book on the experiences of world war 2 billy pilgrim, the main character of this book.
Amazoncom: slaughterhouse-five: a novel (modern library 100 best novels) (9780385333849): kurt vonnegut: books. Kurt vonnegut in postmodern literature slaughterhouse-five vonnegut's best-known work, slaughterhouse-five (1969), is about a soldier called billy pilgrim. Slaughterhouse five study guide contains a biography of kurt vonnegut, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Kurt vonnegut knows all the tricks of the writing game one reads slaughterhouse-five with that question crouched on the brink of one's awareness.
Slaughterhouse-five literature analysis slaughterhouse-five by kurt vonnegut is told from a third person perspective looking onto billy pilgrim's life. Criticism of kurt vonnegut's works i am motivated by two concerns to specifically examine the science in vonnegut's stories in order to account for which stories will endure. Detailed analysis of in kurt vonnegut's slaughterhouse-five learn all about how the in slaughterhouse-five such as billy pilgrim and narrator contribute to the story. A summary of themes in kurt vonnegut's slaughterhouse-five how to write literary analysis in slaughterhouse-five, vonnegut utilizes the tralfamadorians. Essays and criticism on kurt vonnegut jr's slaughterhouse-five - analysis. Kurt vonnegut jr's slaughterhouse-five tells the and paragraphs into prose—is one of the most difficult aspects of literature to gale document number. | <urn:uuid:a99a3bc8-d725-4ee5-a0eb-0abeff17919f> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://swessayaitw.gloriajohnson.us/a-literary-analysis-of-the-slaughter-house-five-by-kurt-vonnegut.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267859817.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180617213237-20180617233237-00239.warc.gz | en | 0.878846 | 998 | 2.6875 | 3 |
A collection of age-appropriate, grade 4 teaching resources and activities for parents to use with their children or teachers to send home with students during school closures.
This teaching resource pack has been handpicked by the Teach Starter team to include a range of resources that can be completed at home by children with the assistance of their parents or guardians.
The pack includes resources covering the key learning areas of Language Arts, Math, and Science, along with some additional craft and mindfulness activities – all for free!
During a school closure, this pack can be sent home with students or passed on directly to parents and guardians digitally to allow for students to complete the work remotely with minimal preparation and supervision.
The pack is designed to allow for non-teachers to understand and implement the activities in a home environment without requiring additional resources found in a classroom. The pack can be completed digitally on a tablet/iPad or with pen and paper when printed.
Can I share this pack with parents and students?
Of course! This pack has been created specifically for this purpose. Please feel free to share this pack digitally with your students and their parents or guardians.
Please feel free to bundle this pack with your own home learning pack to add additional supplemental materials to extend or reinforce concepts for your students.
How can I teach my grade 4 child if their school closes?
By downloading this resource pack, you will be equipped with a wide range of activities to share with your child while their school is closed.
We have ensured that this pack can be delivered by non-teachers by providing a helpful table of contents and activity overviews. All activities are age-appropriate and most will relate to work that your child has experienced in the classroom.
The activities can be completed in any order and have been selected to allow parents and guardians to easily implement them.
**NOTE: This is a very large file and therefore may take a few minutes to download.
Write a review to help other teachers and parents like yourself. If you'd like to request a change to this resource, or report an error, select the corresponding tab above. | <urn:uuid:4eecad33-f241-4e89-a552-bf31f61ba3bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.teachstarter.com/us/teaching-resource/grade-4-school-closure-learning-from-home-pack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647639.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601074606-20230601104606-00577.warc.gz | en | 0.96323 | 437 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Congruent Triangles and Geometry Multiple Choice Questions and Answers 1 PDF Book Download
Congruent triangles and geometry multiple choice questions (MCQs), congruent triangles and geometry quiz answers, test prep 1 to learn online secondary school courses for math degree. Mathematical definitions MCQs, congruent triangles and geometry quiz questions and answers for online secondary education degree. Learn mathematical definitions, congruent triangles test prep for secondary school teaching certification.
Learn high school math MCQs: mathematical definitions, congruent triangles, with choices ↓, ↔, →, and ↕ for online secondary education degree. Free math study guide for online learning mathematical definitions quiz questions to attempt multiple choice questions based test.
MCQs on Congruent Triangles and Geometry Worksheets 1 PDF Book Download
MCQ: Point where 3 medians of a triangle meet is called the
- incentre of the triangle
- circumcenter of the triangle
- centroid of the triangle
MCQ: Symbols used for 1 — 1 correspondence is
MCQ: If 3 or more lines pass through same point, they are called
MCQ: An equilateral triangle is also an
- isosceles triangle
- reflective triangle
- scalene triangle
- equiangular triangle
MCQ: Congruency of triangles are symbolically written as | <urn:uuid:9234b990-9034-46b2-b368-b7ca8044461c> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.mcqlearn.com/grade9/math/congruent-triangles-and-geometry-multiple-choice-questions-answers.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313501.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817222907-20190818004907-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.829214 | 282 | 3.640625 | 4 |
How To Dispose Of Moldy Liquid?
Indoor mold growth poses a significant and potentially harmful issue, spreading throughout various parts of your home, including drywall and bathtub grout. This growth typically starts in damp areas, especially those prone to recurring water damage, and develops over time. Mold infestations not only cause property damage but also pose health risks by releasing allergens into the air and compromising indoor air quality. Those exposed to mold-infested environments may experience increased susceptibility to allergic reactions due to irritants and airborne mold spores. So, how do you dispose of moldy liquid?
To know that, you need to understand effective mold removals. Detecting early signs of a mold problem can be challenging. But they often manifest as a musty odor or visible mold stains. Homeowners dealing with mild to moderate mold issues may attempt cleanup themselves. Though, for extensive cases of mold damage, it is crucial to seek professional assistance from experts equipped with the necessary tools and safety knowledge.
- When dealing with mold, the primary objective is to kill the mold to prevent it from reproducing and spreading further.
- Disinfectants like bleach, Borax, vinegar, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, and detergent are commonly used for mold removal.
- When working with mold or moldy liquids, always wear protective gear such as gloves, masks, and goggles to avoid exposure to mold spores.
- If the moldy liquid contains hazardous substances, contact your local hazardous waste disposal facility for proper disposal instructions.
- Address the source of the moldy liquid to prevent future occurrences. Fix any leaks or moisture issues and store liquids properly.
- Mildew sits on the surface and can be wiped away easily, while mold penetrates deeper and requires more extensive cleanup.
What’s Moldy Liquid?
“Moldy liquid” is not a specific term or substance in and of itself. Though, it seems like you might be referring to a liquid that has developed mold or been contaminated with mold. Mold is a type of fungus that can grow on various surfaces, including liquids, under the right conditions.
When a liquid is exposed to moisture and warmth, it can become a suitable environment for mold growth. Common examples of moldy liquids include spoiled or expired beverages, such as juices, milk, or other drinks that have been left unrefrigerated for an extended period.
Consuming or using moldy liquids can be hazardous to health, as some molds produce toxins or can trigger allergic reactions in certain individuals. If you encounter mold in any liquid, it’s best to dispose of it safely and avoid consuming or using it.
To prevent the growth of mold in liquids, store beverages and other perishable items in the refrigerator, maintain good hygiene practices, and check for expiration dates regularly. If you notice any mold growth, cleaning and sanitizing the affected area thoroughly is essential.
How to Dispose of Moldy Liquid: DIY Removal
Keep in mind that DIY mold removal is suitable for small and isolated areas. To dispose of moldy liquid safely, follow these steps:
Step 1: Isolate the moldy liquid
If the moldy liquid is in a container, seal it tightly to prevent the mold spores from spreading.
Step 2: Wear Protective Gear
When dealing with tasks that may involve potential hazards or risks, using the appropriate protective equipment is essential. Here is a list of common protective equipment you might need for various situations:
- Safety Glasses/Goggles: Protect your eyes from debris, chemicals, or other flying particles that could cause eye injuries.
- Respirator/Mask: Depending on the situation, use a respirator or mask to prevent inhalation of harmful dust, fumes, mold spores, or other airborne contaminants.
- Gloves: Wear gloves to shield your hands from chemicals, sharp objects, or potential pathogens.
- Coveralls/Protective Clothing: Use coveralls or protective clothing to keep your body and regular clothing safe from exposure to hazardous materials.
- Ear Protection: For loud environments, wear earplugs or earmuffs to prevent hearing damage.
- Safety Boots/Shoes: Protect your feet from heavy objects, sharp tools, or hazardous substances by wearing appropriate safety footwear.
- Hard Hat: If there is a risk of falling objects or head injuries, wear a hard hat to protect your head.
- Face Shield: In situations where there is a risk of facial injuries from flying debris or splashes, a face shield provides extra protection.
- Knee Pads: When working on your knees or in areas with hard surfaces, knee pads can prevent knee injuries.
- Apron: Use an apron to shield your body from spills, splashes, or other potential chemical exposures.
- High-Visibility Vest: For work in high-traffic areas, wear a high-visibility vest to enhance your visibility to others.
Step 3: Choose a disposal method
The best disposal method will depend on the type of liquid and the level of contamination:
- Small quantities of moldy liquid in containers: If it’s a small amount of moldy liquid, you can pour it down the drain or toilet. Make sure to run plenty of water afterward to flush the drain and prevent any mold spores from lingering in the pipes.
- Large quantities of highly contaminated liquid: For larger quantities or if the liquid is heavily contaminated with mold, it’s safer to dispose of it in sealed garbage bags. Double-bag the liquid to prevent leaks and place it in an outdoor trash bin.
- Toxic or hazardous moldy liquid: If the liquid contains hazardous substances or chemicals, do not pour it down the drain or throw it in the regular trash. Contact your local hazardous waste disposal facility or municipality for proper instructions on safely disposing of it.
Step 4: Reduce moisture
Mold thrives in moist environments, so fix any water leaks or sources of moisture before proceeding with the cleanup.
Step 5: Dry the area
Use fans and dehumidifiers to thoroughly dry out the affected area. Mold cannot grow without moisture.
Step 6: Remove moldy materials
For non-porous materials like glass or metal, clean with a mixture of detergent and water. For porous materials like drywall or fabric, it’s often best to discard them as it’s challenging to completely remove mold from these materials.
Step 7: Clean and disinfect the area
If the moldy liquid has spilled on a surface, clean and disinfect the area using appropriate cleaning products. Wipe the area thoroughly with a disinfectant to ensure any remaining mold spores are killed.
Step 8: Dispose of contaminated materials
If any materials (such as rags or cloths) used to clean up the moldy liquid are heavily contaminated, dispose of them in sealed garbage bags as well.
Step 9: Prevent future mold growth
Identify and address the source of the moldy liquid to prevent further occurrences. Fix any leaks or moisture issues and ensure proper storage of liquids to prevent mold growth.
Step 10: Wash your hands
After handling moldy liquid and cleaning the affected area, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to avoid any potential contamination.
Use Disinfectants for Mold Removal
Mold is a living organism, so the primary focus of cleanup should be on effectively killing the mold to prevent its reproduction. Disinfectants such as bleach or biocides can be highly effective if used properly and for an adequate duration.
Here are some common mold removal products and their application methods:
While bleach can be toxic to mold, it should only be used in diluted form and applied to non-porous surfaces like wood or tile. It may not penetrate deeply into materials. Leave the bleach on the surface for at least 15 minutes to ensure it kills the mold.
Safe to use in a solution, Borax kills mold and helps prevent further growth. It does not require rinsing.
Spray vinegar on the moldy surface and let it sit for about an hour before wiping it down. Repeat the process to continuously prevent mold regrowth.
Similar to bleach, ammonia is effective on non-porous surfaces. After application, the mold can be wiped away.
Hydrogen peroxide works similarly to vinegar. Spray it on the surface and leave it for some time before scrubbing it off.
Like vinegar and hydrogen peroxide, apply baking soda to the moldy surface, leave it for an hour, and then scrub it away with a cloth.
After using mold-killing agents, use detergent to thoroughly scrub and clean the surface.
When applying these cleaning products, make sure to cover a wide area, especially around the perimeters. Since mold spores are microscopic, it’s crucial to be thorough to ensure no invisible spores are missed.
For safety reasons, only use one product at a time. Never mix any of these products without proper research, as doing so could inadvertently create a poisonous gas. For instance, never mix ammonia and bleach.
Importantly, differentiate between mildew and mold. Mildew stays on the surface and is easier to wipe away using any of the above products, while mold penetrates deeper into materials, requiring more extensive cleanup.
Mold does not dissolve in water. However, mold spores are microscopic and can become airborne or disperse in water, making them easily transportable to other surfaces or environments.
Mold is a living organism. It is a type of fungus that grows and thrives in damp, warm environments. Mold reproduces by releasing spores into the air, which can settle on surfaces and grow under the right conditions.
Direct contact with mold may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. Also, touching mold may release spores into the air, potentially leading to respiratory issues or allergies, particularly in people with mold sensitivities or respiratory conditions.
Disposing of moldy liquid properly is essential to prevent the spread of mold spores, which can pose health risks and lead to further mold growth in other areas. Improper disposal can contaminate surfaces, water sources, and the air, potentially causing respiratory issues and allergies.
For small quantities of moldy liquid in containers, you can pour it down the drain or toilet. However, ensure that you run plenty of water afterward to flush the drain and prevent mold spores from lingering in the pipes.
It is not recommended to handle moldy liquid without protective gear. Mold spores can become airborne and be inhaled, potentially causing health issues for those exposed.
Proper disposal of moldy liquid is key to maintaining a safe and healthy living environment. Mold, as a living organism, can pose significant health risks if not handled correctly. By following the guidelines provided in this comprehensive guide, individuals can effectively and safely remove and dispose of moldy liquids.
Using appropriate disinfectants like bleach, vinegar, Borax, and hydrogen peroxide to kill mold effectively. Wearing protective gear, such as gloves, masks, and goggles, is essential to avoid exposure to mold spores during the disposal process. Preventing future mold growth involves addressing the source of the moldy liquid, fixing leaks, and ensuring proper storage conditions. | <urn:uuid:cd467d7a-8c17-4100-80a4-09bd87c158d6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://sustainwiki.com/how-to-dispose-of-moldy-liquid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.893407 | 2,298 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Operational Nuclear Deterrence.
NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
Pagination or Media Count:
During the Cold War the superpower rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union produced nuclear strategy based upon a now familiar concept, strategic nuclear deterrence. As we adjust to a remarkably different global security environment, one characteristic of which is the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, a natural question arises can deterrence play a part in nuclear strategies focused on regional foes possessing small nuclear arsenals This paper examines the viability of operational nuclear deterrence employed in the resolution of regional conflicts. The object of operational nuclear deterrence is to persuade an adversary not to use nuclear weapons. To be effective, a deterrent strategy must be credible the enemy must perceive that we possess the means, will, and commitment to severely retaliate.... Nuclear deterrence, Regional conflict, Strategic deterrence, Operational deterrence.
- Nuclear Warfare
- Antimissile Defense Systems | <urn:uuid:6111d15a-5fb8-43a1-97fd-60341fcb96f9> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA263956 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704824728.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210127121330-20210127151330-00712.warc.gz | en | 0.851868 | 185 | 2.671875 | 3 |
|Using Literacy: A New Approach to Post-literacy Materials - Education Research Paper No. 10 (DFID, 1994, 57 p.)|
|Chapter 3: Developing new approaches to post-literacy|
There are signs however that this traditional view of literacy is changing.
First, there is a growing awareness that there is no one universally applicable form of literacy. Rather, there are different literacies for different groups - urban and rural populations, for example, ethnic, racial, religious or linguistic groups, or people clustered round economic activities (e.g. fisherfolk etc).
Secondly, some agencies (for example in Tanzania) speak in terms of post-literacy activities rather than further classes. They therefore seek to reach a much wider audience than simply those who are or have been in adult literacy classes.
Thirdly, a number of agencies are starting their programmes with developmental activities and working subsequently towards literacy related to those activities. This presents a different approach (a 'literacy comes second' model) of the relationship between literacy and development programmes.
Fourthly, instead of materials being prepared for and received by the learners, we have seen a number of cases where the materials are being prepared by or with the assistance of the learners (LGM).
Other trends: A number of other trends serve to reinforce these developments. First, what has come to be called 'the new literacy' (Willinsky 1990) sees literacy as a set of practices within a given cultural context, not as a set of neutral technical skills (Barton 1994). Thus within any one setting, there are different literacies which are culturally determined (Street 1984, 1993). It follows that there can be no one form of literacy (and post-literacy) provision which will be universally applicable,
Secondly, since literacy is now seen as a set of practices, it follows that even those who are unable to read or write are already coping with these literacies using many different strategies, just as many who are literate use non-literate strategies from time to time. All adults - literate and non-literate -are engaged in literacy practices, dealing with literacy events.
Thirdly, surveys of the retention of literacy skills (Roy et al 1975; Ramaswamy 1994) indicate that such skills are best retained when they are used in 'real' situations with 'real' materials. Evaluations have shown that, despite some difficulties, the use of existing literacy practices as the basis of learning literacy (as in the Language Experience Approach of ELP and Storyteller in South Africa and other countries, where the authentic language transactions of the learners are used as the basis of learning literacy skills) is in many cases more effective than more formal primer-based methods, even in countries where the written form of the language is significantly different from that which is spoken.
Finally, current understandings of lifelong learning are challenging the view that autonomous lifelong learning can only start once an adult has completed the first stages of learning literacy. It is now clear that learning is not dependent on literacy. Non-literate adults are already autonomous learners; they are engaged in lifelong learning (Rogers 1992). Those who talk about a learner achieving the status of 'independent learner' only towards the end of the process of learning literacy have a particular form of learning in mind - book learning (study) - which they usually see as superior to experiential learning.
The implications of these trends
It is thus clear that literacy is not a prerequisite for development. Development activities are often commenced by non-literate groups, and the need to master literacy skills in these cases arises primarily and most effectively from these activities. The evidence we have received indicates that programmes built on the assumption that the acquisition of literacy has to come first and that these skills will subsequently be used for development are less effective than those built on a 'literacy comes second' model where the acquisition of literacy skills is a step within a process of helping people to complete some task on which they have already embarked. Adults learn literacy best when they feel that they need these skills and that they are able to use them to achieve some immediate purpose.
The fact that there are different uses of literacy must call for different forms of literacy instruction and post-literacy provision. And this implies that the idea of sequential stages which is implied in the word 'post-literacy', even when seen within a continuum, is no longer acceptable. The concept of a distinguishable post-literacy stage needs to be rejected. | <urn:uuid:0321fc9b-9539-4737-a6b7-0de84fecd5de> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0dfid--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-help---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=dfid&cl=CL3.1&d=HASHbfd43373cbc4241f2652c2.7.2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424239.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723022719-20170723042719-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.957877 | 922 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Color vision is the ability to differentiate objects using frequencies or light wavelengths. We perceive light based upon its absorption or reflection from an object. In basic terms, color is light. Color doesn’t actually exist, except as light, but is perceived by the brain in humans, insects, and other animals. Color vision, is therefore, very subjective. One person’s perception of color may be completely different than another’s.
- Rods and Cones
Cones, found in the retina, are photo-receptor cells that work best in bright light. They are responsible for eye color sensitivity and color vision. Cones, along with Rods, help us define and differentiate what we see. However, Rods are specifically for dim light and are only capable of black and white. Cones and Rods got their name from their distinctive shapes. Cones and rods receive the light and translate the light as messages or signals that are then sent to the brain.
- Red, Green, and Blue
There are three different types of cones in the human eye. The three types of cones in the human eye are: Red (long), Green (medium), and Blue (short). Red, green, and blue are considered “primary colors.” The human eye can see nearly every gradient of colors when red, blue, and/or green are combined together.
- How Does Color Vision Work?
Light comes through the eye through the cornea of the eye. The pupil of the eye controls the amount of light that comes in to the eye, by adjusting the size of the pupil. In brighter light, the pupil doesn’t require as much light and adjusts by getting smaller, so less light comes in. In low-light situations, the pupil dilates, or gets bigger to let more light in. The cornea is the thin, clear membrane that covers the front of the eye and protects our eyes from foreign objects. The cornea bends or refracts the light as it passes through the eye. The lens sits right behind the pupil of the eye. The lens of the eye focuses the light coming in, onto the retina.
The rods and cones are located on the retina and act as “photo-receptor cells” that convert the light into electrical messages that are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve, for the brain to process and make sense of the information sent from our eyes. We see color if the light is bright enough for the cones to process the light signals. In low light, we see in black and white, when the rods work best process the light information.
- 500 Shades of Grey
The human eye can distinguish between 500 shades of grey. A normal human eye can detect over 7 million colors! Most of the colors we see are the combination of more than one color or some sort of blend of red, green, and/or blue. Objects absorb and reflect light and color differently. It is the colors that are reflected from an object that we actually see. For example, a black object absorbs all colors and reflects none, therefore, the object appears black to the observer. The blue sky absorbs all colors, reflecting blue. Therefore, it is the blue color we see. A green leaf absorbs all the colors, except for green. The leaf reflects green and it is the color we actually see. An apple is red, because it reflects red light.
- Color Blindness
Color Blindness occurs in about 2% of the human population. Color blindness is not really blindness at all. It is the inability to distinguish colors. The most common occurrence of Color Blindness is defined by the inability to differentiate between red and green. Most mammals with color blindness see colors in differing shades of blues, greys, and yellows. Women are far less likely to be color blind than men. 1 in every 200 women are affected by color blindness, while it affects 1 in 12 men. The cause of color blindness is missing or damaged cones in the eye. Most commonly, in humans, the missing or damaged cones are the red and/or green cones.
- It’s Black and White
Black is actually not a color. It is the absence of color. White isn’t actually a color, either. It is actually the blending of all colors of the spectrum. The combination of all colors of light, result in white light. White light, such as sunlight, appears colorless or white. Like a rainbow, white light is composed of all the colors of the light spectrum.
- White Light and Prisms
White light is made up of all the visible colors. This can be observed using a triangular prism, and colors can seen separately, as this light splits, according to each color’s wavelength, through the prism. As a narrow beam of light is reflected on one plane of the triangle, a spectrum of colors can be seen on the other side. This occurs because the light passing through the triangular prism is refracted or bent by the angles and flat sides of the prism. Each color represented in the white light is refracted differently and each wavelength or color, bends at a different angle. This results in an arc of different colors that spread out into a beautiful rainbow.
- The Long and Short of It
Wavelengths vary widely. Ultraviolet light, for example, has a shorter wavelength than visible light, and therefore, humans cannot see ultraviolet light with the human eye. Visible light is the light that corresponds with a light wavelength of 400-700 nanometers. Violet has the shortest wavelength and red has the longest wavelength of visible light. Infrared light has a longer wavelength than visible, red light. Infrared light falls outside the scope of what is considered visible light for humans, although some other animals can perceive light outside of this range.
When tiny water droplets are in the air, they can act as miniature prisms. Much like what happens when light passes through the triangular glass or plastic, when light passes through a water droplet, a spectrum of light can be created in the sky. As light enters a raindrop, it slows down, because light is slower in water than in air. The light bounces off the back of the raindrop and exits the raindrop, however, the light speeds up and is once again, refracted as it exits the droplet. Rainbows are created when light enters a water droplet and the light is refracted or bent, then reflects on the side and is refracted again, as the light exits.
- What do animals see?
Can other animals see colors? Do they see more or less color than humans? While we can’t say for sure, scientists can count the numbers of cones in an animal’s eye and the position of the cones, in relation to the retina, to make educated guesses about the number of colors and how strongly the color might be seen. Spiders, bees, and many other insects can see an additional color that humans cannot see—ultraviolet. Reptiles and snakes can see infrared, in addition to some color. | <urn:uuid:40376e40-cc66-4275-9802-38aeacc144aa> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.surfnetkids.com/go/3288/10-facts-about-color-vision/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413551.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531151414-20200531181414-00425.warc.gz | en | 0.935119 | 1,453 | 4.25 | 4 |
The Gawky Guillemot
I guess we can universally agree that the colonial times were a rather selfish period of European history. There is indeed little good that can be ascribed in retrospective to this period, and the little good there is pales in comparison to the bad things. However, one of the little sweet candies Germany still enjoys today from its own disastrous colonial past is the Common Guillemot, or Common Murre.
Germany has only one high seas island it calls its own, the mighty (from a birding perspective) island of Heligoland. Heligoland is actually a small archipelago (comprising of 2 islands with a total area of 1.7 km²) in the German Bight, approximately 70 km off the coast of Germany. This location out at sea not only makes Heligoland one of Europe’s best vagrant traps for Siberian songbirds, its cliffs also hold Germany’s only seabird colonies, with gannets, fulmars, and – yes – alcids, namely razorbills and common guillemots. However, these breeding colonies were not always German breeding colonies. Denmark frequently held posession of the islands from the middle ages to the 18th century. Then the islands’ masters frequently switched between Denmark and the Duchy of Schleswig (which would much later be part of Germany) until it was captured once and for all by Denmark in 1740. Well, “for all” lasted until 1807 when Heligoland capitulated to the British during the Napoleonic Wars. Surely the British cared little for the seabirds as they had and still have plenty of their own. This may explain why in 1890, they gave Heligoland away to the relatively young country Germany (formed in 1871) in a deal known as the Heligoland – Zanzibar Treaty. In this treaty, the Germans ceded control over some of their colonial territories in East Africa to the British in return for the Caprivi Strip (now Namibia) and, surprise, the island of Heligoland. This relatively recent affiliation to Germany even survived the Second World War and the – arguably understandable – attempt in 1947 by the British to destroy the main island with 6,700 tons of explosives in one of the biggest non-nuclear detonations the world has ever seen. The cliffs survived along with the rest of the island and are still manned by endless rows of Common Guillemots during the breeding season, offering German birders an easy way – the only easy way – of enjoying this iconic species.
Of course Guillemots can also be seen away from Heligoland on both coasts of Germany, the North Sea and Baltic Sea, but as with other species of alcids and other areas of coast, this requires searching far out at sea from shore with a scope, and settling for tiny black-and-white dots that dart just above the waves in the typical alcid whirlwind of wing beats. It was thus with a mighty amount of surprise and happiness that I found a Common Guillemot swimming in a deep-water channel just off the northern beach of Germany’s island Sylt in late December 2016 – only my second-ever satisfying sighting in Germany as I have yet to visit Heligoland. The bird negotiated the waters just 15 metres off the beach, where waves with small amplitude yet high frequency were the result of high winds and very strong currents around a veritable maelstrom that was formed by the receeding tide flowing around the tip of a sandbar. This made photography a challenge but was a charming reminder of the German name for the bird: Trottellumme, or Gawky (dopey, foolish) Guillemot.
The origin of the German word Lumme (guillemot or murre in English) lies in the old Nordic word “lom” and is likely onomatopoeic. But what is it about the species that makes the Germans think it is a bit dim-witted? Honestly, breeding on tiny ledges high up in cliffs doesn’t help in conveying a common-sense approach to life and reproduction, no matter what the pressure by predators. Especially so when you are barely able to fly. And having you young ones jump off those cliffs onto boulder slopes to meet their parents beyond the surf? Spending the winter far out at sea in the Arctic when you are a bird barely larger than a feral pigeon? Diving in murky waters infested with corkscrew killers? Yes, yes, those would all be justified reasons for being labelled in such a manner. But these insanities aren’t unique to the Common Guillemot, yet Germans consider the other alcid species to be non-stupid. The secret to them being mocked with such a name is in their gait: in contrast to the Razorbill, which is the only other species of alcid commonly seen on land by German-speakers, the Common Guillemot does not walk on its toes (or feet as birders would call it). Instead, it walks on what we would describe as its knees, stretching its tarsus and feet forward. Which is just an awkward thing to do in general and particularly so on narrow rock ledges high up vertical cliffs. An alternative theory is that the Germans stole the term Trottellumme from the French, where it is called Guillemot de Troïl. However, that explanation isn’t nearly half as funny and also, this would suggest that Germans referred to the species as Trottelguillemot, not Trottellumme. And finally, the French word “Troïl” does not seem to exist outside the species’ French name and I am pretty sure many a French birder will tell you that Troïl was stolen from the German word “Trottel”. So there you go, and I’ll stick with the gait thing, especially as it once again proves the superiority of German bird names over the rather straight-forward English ones. And yes, that’s a challenge to prove me wrong in the comments below. But beware, you’ll likely go under like a guillemot: | <urn:uuid:1c08c09c-998e-45d7-9ef6-0f2fb77ddd02> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://www.10000birds.com/the-gawky-guillemot.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249500704.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223102155-20190223124155-00018.warc.gz | en | 0.961492 | 1,294 | 2.96875 | 3 |
I was at the first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 where Sustainable Development was hailed by the world community as the silver bullet to solve society’s ills. But somehow Sustainable Development emerged as a construct with a largely terrestrial focus.
I also attended the second Earth Summit, Rio+10, in South Africa where the movement to set up Green Economies mysteriously avoided speaking substantively about the oceans, despite our best efforts. Small Island Developing States (SIDS), sitting on small pieces of land seemingly “sea-locked” within large ocean territories, struggled with this concept of the Green Economy. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were launched in 2001 compounded the problem as they were implemented largely using a land-based optic
Finally Liquid Assets
Now, finally, the oceans, which cover three quarters of the (unfortunately-named) Earth will be getting some of the attention they so richly deserve with the inclusion of Goal 14, the Ocean Goal, among the 17 Goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With the adoption of the SDGs, at the UN Summit that took place from 25 to 27 September 2015 at the UN General Assembly in New York, the “ocean moment” is here. The Seychelles Minister for Foreign Affairs and Transport Mr. Joel Morgan wholeheartedly supported the adoption of the SDGs and drew particular attention to Goal 14 in his address at the Summit. Goal 14 which is to “ Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development,” contains 7 targets which cover issues of great concern to Seychelles including pollution, fishing, tourism, coastal zones, scientific research, and so forth (see below).
From Sustainable Oceans to the Blue Economy
What does Goal 14 mean for Seychelles? I believe the implementation phase of Goal 14 should present the most coherent pathway for achieving national consensus around the Blue Economy. If we can mainstream national priorities across a Blue Economy dashboard, we can develop key performance indicators from the Targets to chart the progress of the Blue Economy. Indeed, there are several good reasons for using Goal 14 to unlock the Blue Economy treasure chest: unlike the MDGs, the SDGs were developed by all nations, and seem to have many more entry points for the private sector and civil society organizations than the MDGs ever did.
The SDGs are more globally collaborative than the MDGs. They have been produced by detailed international negotiations that have involved all developed and developing countries. The UN conducted the largest consultation program in its history to help in drawing up the SDGs. I hope this means there is a global vision and appetite for the successful implementation of the SDGs. I also hope this will result in more diverse and abundant funding opportunities for Seychelles, as well as South-South cooperation. With the uptake of the Blue Economy concept by large states like India, increased and targeted South-South cooperation is becoming a reality, and can be embedded in the implementation program of Goal 14.
Businesses were by and large not engaged in the formulation and implementation for the MDGs. Today, the private sector has a far greater win-win role. Goal 14 should be the catalyst for new and innovative business investment and entrepreneurship that will make the changes necessary for roll out of the Blue Economy in Seychelles. The seductiveness of the Blue Economy lies in the thinking that it can mobilize large amounts of foreign investment. In fact, funding from foreign direct investments (FDIs) into Seychelles, notably in tourism, has been outperforming the traditional bilateral donor assistance. Public Private Partnerships (PPS) in our country have been slow in the making, but this is an area where the suspicion and reticence must be cleared in the face of a stunning fact confirmed by economists: domestic resources will probably fund the bulk of the implementation portfolio of the SDGs in most countries! Interestingly, the intergovernmental committee of experts on sustainable development financing said last year that public finance and development aid should fund the implementation of the SDGs, but noted that money from the private sector, through tax reforms and crackdown on illicit financial flows and on corruption, would be vital.
The skills gap is a red herring
Goal 14 also presents unparalleled opportunities for engagement by civil society. Experts say there is huge potential to use the SDG indicators to open up space for local action and local partnership. But, I am convinced that civil society has far more power and abilities to implement the SDGs than is currently believed. The use of NGOs in many countries to implement the MDGs at the lowest common denominator base has colored the perspective of governments and donors in this regard. Civil society organizations can, and should, do much more than community level work and a few in Seychelles have already implemented large national and regional projects. These have generated amazing new ideas, solutions and funding. Co-management, out-sourcing, and off-loading to civil society organizations can bridge the skills-gap, solve human capacity constraints and as a result improve absorptive, co-financing and implementation capabilities around Goal 14.
Going Glocal (no it’s not a disease!)
The time has come to solidify a “Glocal” (Global-Local nexus) transformation of our development processes. The acceptance, through Goal 14, that Oceans must take a front and center place in the world’s agenda is also the recognition that the Blue Economy concept being championed by Seychelles has found international traction. As for us in Seychelles, the search for solutions for the Blue Economy must also take guidance from what the international experts are saying about implementing the SDGs. Yes, the global development stage is changing and some of the new backdrop and storyline is finally ours. Let us seize the moment!
By Dr. Nirmal Jivan Shah, Blue Economy Knowledge Centre, Nature Seychelles email@example.com
Goal 14 TARGETS
14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.3: Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
14.4: By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.5: By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
14.6: By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.7: By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.a: Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
14.b: Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
14.c: Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want | <urn:uuid:af4cb0ac-5227-489f-a191-af15fb1b78f3> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://blueeconomyseychelles.wordpress.com/2015/10/01/seychelles-and-the-ocean-goal/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320368.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624235551-20170625015551-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.939376 | 1,678 | 2.875 | 3 |
Path of Memory
A Walking Tour Honoring Jewish Residents of Vienna’s 2nd District Who Died at the Hands of the Nazis
"This is not a tourist attraction," said my tour guide, Walter Juraschek, as we walked towards Tempelgasse.
Yes, that was clear. The Path of Commemoration through Vienna’s Second District, the former Jewish Quarter, is neither fun, nor an easy walk.
In 1938 about 200,000 Jews lived in Vienna, most of them within a 22 square km radius of the 2nd and 9th Districts. With the invasion of the Nazis, the Jews were suddenly deprived of all their rights, their jobs, their homes, their belongings and their dignity. About two thirds of Austrian Jews were able to emigrate before the borders closed. Those who could not – some 60,000 Jewish men, women and children – were deported to concentration camps principally at Mauthausen, Dachau and Auschwitz, and murdered.
The project began in May 2005 when Elisabeth Ben David-Hindler got a request from her Israeli uncle, who wanted to put a commemoration plaque on his parents’ house in the 9th District, where about one third of the population was Jewish before WWII. Elisabeth’s parents managed to escape to Britain, but her grandparents stayed in Vienna and were deported to the concentration camp in 1941 and 1942. And she could never understand why there was nothing in the 2nd District, where she lived, to commemorate the Jews who had lived there. So she approached city authorities, and in two months was able to place the first of 84 plaques on Volkertplatz, near the Augarten in the 2nd district.
It’s a sunny and quiet spring day in Vienna, when we set off on our walk. We are standing in front of a broad, open courtyard on the Tempelgasse that from 1854 until 1938 was the site of the Leopoldstadt Synagogue, that held more than 3,500 people. I saw a beautiful picture of the temple, and I saw pictures of ruins.
Set into the paving were the "Stones of Remembrance"– dark golden, metal plaques with the names and dates of birth and dates of deportation of the Jews who had worshipped here. On the first stone we read these words:
"For the many people who were murdered whom nobody remembers."
This is what the Path of Commemoration is all about, a path of stones laid by the Stones-of-Remembrance Society for those who have no relatives left to remember them and to mourn for them. Others are laid by the surviving relatives, who have come back to honor them from émigré communities all over the world.
My guide, Walter Juraschek, took me first to the plaque for the Ester Association, a group of Jewish women including Sofie and Hermine Kramm, who had raised money to help the poor Jewish brides who were orphans or whose parents could not afford a proper wedding.
We then walked to Nestroyplatz and the plaque of Bernhard and Adele Sachs, that was set right in the middle of the street. It’s a lively place, right in front of the elegant Jugendstil façade of the Nestroyhof Apotheke. Where had their home been? Juraschek smiled. This young couple had been theater lovers, and had crossed this square regularly on their way to the theater. Their son, Kurt Sachs, had wanted to put the commemorative plaque at the place where they had been so happy. There are other plaques for actors and actresses, theater groups and Jewish charity organizations, like the Mathilde Association (at Grosse Sperlgasse 41) that brought theater companies here for charity performances to help Jewish orphans. There is also a plaque for the lost coffee houses that had been a second home for many Jewish intellectuals and artists.
People of Jewish origin from all over Austria had been relocated to the second district in 1938, which was designated a Jewish Ghetto, although without walls or fences, and ordered to live here in "collection flats." There were plaques at Czernin Platz 2, where 40 Jews had lived and only one person, Eddie Landau, ever came back. Farther along the same street, in building 7a, 70 Viennese Jews had lived, of whom only 6 survived.
The numbers were growing. Among the low, 18th century houses of the tiny Schmelzgasse, a plaque at No. 9 reported that only 10 people survived out of the 143 who had lived there.
Here, at Czerninplatz, 6, lived a Dr. Margarethe Hilferding, one of the first women in Vienna who earned a medical degree in psychology and who worked mostly with the poor and under privileged. We stood at a very narrow street with ancient grey buildings, high enough to make you feel like at the bottom of a well. Right in front of us was the office of Dr. Alfred Adler, the distinguished psychologist, founder of the School of Individual Psychology – who had been fortunate enough to die of natural causes in 1937, a year before the invasion.
And at Grosse Pfarrgasse 8 lived the Wieselberg family. Lea Wieselberg, a mother of four, could not stand the pressure and one day started to throw flowerpots out the window at the Nazis marching below. The family managed to persuade the Germans that she had lost her mind and should not be sent to the camps. It was a Pyrrhic victory; she was sent instead to an asylum for mentally ill people, where she was killed anyway.
"She had no choice," Juraschek repeated, "No choice."
The courtyard in front of the school at 2a Kleine Sperlgasse was a collection center where Jews were sent to wait for deportation. The open square is surrounded by new construction of glass and steel, bright and gay now. But back then, the school was small and cramped, and people were waiting in fear, often staying for several days, until there were as many as a thousand people packed together until the next transport would leave Vienna.
Here the first plaque bears the names of four children, aged 8, 11, 12 and 16, who were deported without their parents and murdered directly afterwards. Another one mentions Olga Pollak and Bernhard Markiewicz, who knew that they would never come back and in defiance of their fate took their own lives. Today this is the Friedrich Kiesel Schule. No children were playing in the yard at the moment, but I could hear their joyful voices inside the building.
The streets we were walking were almost empty, it was the middle of a working day in Vienna, and I could almost see how it must have been here before. The quiet and narrow streets became suddenly alive with all the sounds of busy and lively noon, as if the orchestra was tuning up, preparing for the evening performance to be relived again that day, as so many times before.
Down the street, we came to the Karmelitermarkt, where 70 market stalls belonged to people of Jewish origin. We found a plaque for Rudolf Sonnenschein who used to bring the best melons to Vienna from Budapest. I can smell those melons.
Juraschek shows me a plaque placed by the residents of Kleine Mohren Gasse 5, and mounted on the building in May 2007. A triangular iron pillar nearby was a memorial to Austrians who helped Jews and often hid them. "They resisted in silent resistance," it reads, "Their names are mostly unknown."
The goal of The Path of Remembrance project is to trace the significant points of life of the former Jewish community of Leopoldstadt, and bring to light the history of their expulsion and murder. Today there are more than 350 plaques, with another 23 planned for this year.
I met the Chairwoman of the Path of Rememberance Society Dr. Elisabeth Ben David-Hindler in the Literaturbuffet Lhotzky at the corner of Taborgasse and Rotensterngasse. Dr. Ben David-Hindler is a minute, energetic woman in her late 50s, with deep-set, vivid eyes and a warm smile that makes one inevitably smile back.
"I did this to remind everyone about the people who lived here," she said, "to give them a place here and a bit of their life back." She is also doing it for the generation of her parents, for those who feel the burden of survivor’s guilt, for still being alive when so many of those they loved were killed. She told me about the people who live in the neighborhood and help to maintain the stones clean and polished, about people who make her feel less alone in what is a very demanding and seemingly endless project. And again, this astonishingly strong sense of family.
"I think my grandparents would not want me to be unhappy," she said.
Opening of Stones of Remembrance:
May 18, 2008, 11 a.m.
2., Heinestrasse 30-32.
New stations are also planned in the 9th, 16th and 20th Districts of Vienna.
For more information, please contact:
Stone of Remembrance Society
- Verein Steine der Erinnerung
Dr. Elizabeth Ben David-Hindler
2., Kafkastrasse 10/36
In summer, the Stone of Remembrance
Society organizes "History Breakfasts" in the Literaturbuffet Lhotzky:
2., Taborstraße 28, Eingang Rotensterngasse
Tel. +43(1) 276 47 36, 0699 158 516 68
Monday – Friday: 8.00 a.m. - 7.00 p.m.
Saturday: 9.00 a.m. – 5 p.m. | <urn:uuid:d2e0d7a7-07b8-45f6-b2ab-6e62c620b86a> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.falter.at/the-vienna-review/0000/path-of-memory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590329.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718213135-20180718233135-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.978077 | 2,079 | 2.703125 | 3 |
A prehistoric runway for flying pterosaurs has been discovered for the first time.
Scientists uncovered the first known landing tracks of one of these extinct flying reptiles at a site dubbed "Pterosaur Beach," in the fine-grained limestone deposits of an ancient lagoon in southwestern France dating back some 140 million years ago to the Late Jurassic.
The footprints suggest the pterosaur — a "pterodactyloid" with a wingspan roughly three feet wide (one meter) — flapped to stall its flight during landing, and then planted both its two-inch-long feet (five cm) simultaneously at a high angle.
The reptile next dragged its toes briefly, took a short "stutter step" — perhaps a hop with both feet — and landed, settling its hands. It finally adjusted its posture and ambled off normally on all fours.
"No other trackways ascribed to pterosaurs in the world have shown either landings or takeoffs," said researcher Kevin Padian, a paleontologist at the University of California at Berkeley.
Pterosaurs, like birds, "were very light animals, and didn't tend to leave as many tracks when compared to, say, a 50-ton sauropod," the largest dinosaurs to ever stride the earth, explained paleontologist David Hone at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of China in Beijing, who did not participate in this study.
"If tracks from pterosaurs are going to get preserved, it's likely to be in the softest muds or finest sands, and it's unlikely even then, so to get traces of a pterosaur landing like this is very exciting," Hone noted. He added the case the researchers make for the way the pterosaurs landed "is very strong and convincing."
The fact this pterosaur had the capability to stall during flight implies sophisticated flapping control of the wings, Padian said. Future research will hopefully uncover tracks made during takeoff, shedding further light on how these extinct creatures once flew.
"There are hundreds of trackways in this big quarry," Padian said.
- Avian Ancestors: Dinosaurs That Learned to Fly
- Dino Quiz: Test Your Smarts
- Image Gallery: Dinosaur Fossils | <urn:uuid:e9c8a172-a4d3-4db2-b404-fc59fde20393> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.livescience.com/5659-prehistoric-runway-flying-reptile.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198942.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921050331-20200921080331-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.96148 | 477 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Canned hunting has been a highly debated topic globally for many years. Unlike traditional hunting, which takes place in the wild under natural circumstances for both the animal and hunter, canned hunting contains animals by a fence or enclosure to make it easier for the hunter to succeed in killing an animal. Also known as “captive” hunting, the practice is banned in 20 states in the United States and has been protested in more than 62 cities around the world. Many hunting organizations as well as animal rights and conservation groups also advocate against it. Canned hunts have included animals that were formerly tame, pets, and many endangered species. It also often involves animals bred specifically for this type of hunting, including bears, rhinos, lions, wild pigs and many other species. Several citizens of countries in Africa and other parts of the globe have accused wealthy hunters for depleting wildlife in their regions and harming conservation efforts. There have been many high profile instances and cases where the animals were shot while confined to cages, hunted illegally and other issues including driving some species to extinction.
Hunting began initially as a means of obtaining food, clothing and other materials, and has been used in special incidences to help control animal population of certain species. But very few hunters today continue the practice for these reasons and hunt for game or sport alone.
You can help the issue of canned or captive hunting by helping to raise awareness and letting your voice be heard when the topic arises in your community or around the world. Strengthened conservation efforts can also help wildlife, including endangered species, so supporting local or international conservation efforts with donations of money, time or products/goods is another way to help. | <urn:uuid:a468c3be-08ab-44e0-8db7-be650d8d39ab> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://www.kuddly.co/cause/kuddly-cares-putting-an-end-to-canned-hunting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998600.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618003227-20190618025227-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.977098 | 339 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is set to premiere the world’s first exhibition on the life and legacy of Herod the Great, one of the most influential—and controversial—figures in ancient Roman and Jewish history.
On view from February through October 2013, the landmark exhibition “Herod the Great: The King’s Final Journey” will present approximately 250 archaeological finds from the king’s recently discovered tomb at Herodium, as well as from Jericho and other related sites, to shed new light on the political, architectural, and aesthetic impact of Herod’s reign from 37 to 4 B.C.E.
Among the objects on view — all of which have undergone extensive restoration at the Israel Museum for exhibition display purposes — will be three sarcophagi from Herod’s tomb and restored frescoes from Herodium; his private bath from the palace at Cypros; never-before-seen carved stone elements from the Temple Mount; and an imperial marble basin thought to be a gift from Augustus.
Lionized as “the greatest builder of human history,” King Herod was also demonized for his uncertain ethnic and religious pedigree; controversial political alliances; the execution of his wife and three of his children; as well as an erroneous association with the New Testament narrative of the “Massacre of the Innocents” in Bethlehem.
“Herod the Great: The King’s Final Journey” seeks to provide a better understanding of this ancient figure through the monumental architecture he created and the art and objects with which he surrounded himself. The exhibition will examine Herod’s remarkable building projects, complex diplomatic relations with the Roman emperors and nobility, and dramatic funeral procession from Jericho to the mausoleum he constructed for himself in Herodium. A striking reconstruction of the burial chamber of the mausoleum will be the centerpiece of the exhibition.
In 2007, after a 40-year search, renowned archaeologist Professor Ehud Netzer of Hebrew University in Jerusalem discovered the ruler’s tomb at Herodium, on the edge of the Judean Desert. The site included a fortress, palace and a leisure complex with gardens, large pools, decorated bathhouses, and a theatre with a royal box.
In his final years, Herod reconfigured the architecture of the complex to prepare the setting for his burial procession and site, and constructed a magnificent mausoleum facing Jerusalem. The Museum’s exhibition is dedicated to the memory of Professor Netzer, who died in 2010 at the site of his seminal discovery.
“Professor Ehud Netzer capped his decades-long excavation of Herodium with his discovery of King Herod’s tomb in 2007, and over the past five years, archaeologists excavating the site have made remarkable discoveries that have deepened our appreciation of Professor Netzer’s remarkable achievement and enriched our understanding of Herod, his reign, and his role in the history of the region,” said James S. Snyder, the Anne and Jerome Fisher Director of the Israel Museum.
“We are proud of the extensive restoration work that our conservation staff has been able to complete and thrilled to present these important finds to the public, for the first time, in an exhibition that will illuminate a pivotal period in the history of the Land of Israel,” he added.
The exhibition will be accompanied by a comprehensive 250-page catalog issued by the Israel Museum, featuring the first publication of the tomb complex and other discoveries from Herodium. The catalog will also include scholarly articles on Herod’s life and the legacy of Herodian architecture, written by Professor Netzer before his death in 2010, and by other leading experts in the field.
Leaders are readers! Subscribe now and get 3 magazines for the price of 1. Get Ministry Today, Charisma and SpiritLed Woman all for $24. YES - Sign me up!
3 Reasons Why you should read Life in the Spirit. 1) Get to know the Holy Spirit. 2) Learn to enter God's presence 3) Hear God's voice clearly! Click Here to draw closer to God! | <urn:uuid:b07c10a7-8d73-49fa-ae17-e9a2d7198a56> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.charismanews.com/opinion/standing-with-israel/47372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119225.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00341-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954611 | 845 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Remote monitoring systems – delivering digital care
Remote monitoring systems are a form of healthcare delivery that uses technology to monitor patient’s health without the need for face-to-face meetings. It is designed to facilitate the exchange of patient data with medical personnel. Most healthcare technologies focus on digital patient engagement. Usually through, virtual care applications, and patient portals. Future monitoring is expected to be even more flexible and reflect the needs of value-based healthcare.
How will it look like?
Patient care will probably change significantly over the next 15-20 years. New types of products, services, and applications will emerge. The increasing need to improve the quality of care and avoid unwanted complications will increase the use of monitoring solutions in every area of the hospital. Continuous monitoring of patients will allow doctors to react more quickly in the event of sudden or gradual deterioration in their condition. The number of parameters to be measured will increase, but the rapid development will allow the process to be completely trouble-free for healthcare professionals. With increased capabilities, monitoring technology will allow for a smoother transfer of stable patients from hospitals to homes. Data insight will allow the same therapeutic team to guide patients through the entire care pathway, increasing continuity of treatment.
Read more: Health apps – do they improve patient care?
Benefits in the future
Through modern and innovative technologies, efficiency will be significantly increased. Systems with more accurate alarms will reduce time lost and telemetry will allow for remote patient monitoring. Data systems and data analysis will enable access to specific and relevant information in the right place at the right time. In addition, modern technology will allow a more efficient transfer of knowledge between members of the team, but also the possibility to consult other experts. Of course, it is also important to remember that collecting so much data (often longitudinal) can provide a great opportunity to identify different trends, patterns, or correlations both at a population level and at a system level within a patient. This can later bring tangible benefits for treatment regimens and clinical decision support.
Now and in the future, remote patient monitoring introduces the possibility of treatment and care, in which doctors and patients can intervene earlier and prevent unnecessary exacerbation or hospitalization. Data collected and analyzed using machine learning and artificial intelligence can help identify people who are more at the risk in terms of physical and psychosocial conditions. | <urn:uuid:f7c68e20-d45f-40b5-9371-7dce72fe1925> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://findair.eu/resources/blog/digital-patients-the-future-of-remote-patient-monitoring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301730.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120065949-20220120095949-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.92721 | 476 | 2.875 | 3 |
Sustainable Food and Farms
What we eat and how it is farmed has a tremendous impact on the quality of our environment. Over 25% of Oregon’s land is used to grow our food, plants, seeds and support the animals we rely on for food and fiber. The way farmers and ranchers manage Oregon’s agricultural lands can significantly impact, both positively and negatively, the quality of our water, air and natural areas. Food processing and distribution can also impact our air and water quality through transportation, packaging, and manufacturing.
At Oregon Environmental Council we believe that Oregon can be a leader in creating a food production and farming industry that protects our health and the environment. Our work to reduce the use of pesticides has prevented thousands of pounds of these chemicals from polluting our rivers and streams. We also work with farmers, nurserymen and growers across the state to help them build the health of our soils, reduce their reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, protect the health of our streams and rivers, and make Oregon farming more climate friendly. We are engaged in making smart policy to regulate genetically modified organisms. | <urn:uuid:4c57561f-8212-4fcc-a37d-66fec055945c> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://oeconline.org/our-work/sustainable-food-and-farms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578529472.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420080927-20190420102927-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.949334 | 226 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Carefully planned restoration of the coffee agricultural landscape can increase farmers’ profits and forest cover over 40 years, according to a study published May 23 in the journal Open Access. Biology PLUS By Dr. Sofia Lopez-Cubelos at the University of Queensland in Australia and colleagues.
Restoring patches of natural vegetation on farmland offers a trade-off for farmers: while lost farmland can reduce profitability, increases in ecosystem services such as pollination can improve crop yields. To investigate how conservation priorities can be balanced with economic needs, researchers developed a new planning framework for modeling the effects of forest restoration on agricultural profits, taking into account the beneficial impact of pollinators. They considered the best spatial arrangement of forest restoration to achieve one of two goals—restoring forests while also expanding agriculture, or just restoring forests—and applied that to a case study of coffee farming in Costa Rica.
They divided the study area into a grid of more than 60,000 squares and estimated current coffee productivity, bee abundance, and profitability for each square. Calculating coffee profits five years later and 40 years into the future under a variety of restoration scenarios, they found that strategically allocating land to agriculture and forestry can increase economic returns, compared to the baseline at which the current landscape was preserved. Over a 5-year period, prioritizing restoration was more profitable than strategies that simultaneously expanded farmland. After 40 years, strategically balancing conservation with agricultural profits could increase forest cover by 20% while doubling profits for landowners, even when farmland is replaced by forest.
The study is the first to look at how long-term changes in pollinator abundance affect the costs and benefits of forest restoration across agricultural landscapes. The results show that, with careful planning, pursuing conservation goals can improve economic outcomes for farmers, rather than being a burden, the authors say.
López-Cubillos adds, “The abundance of bees and the pollination services they provide can increase through restoration. This study explored trade-offs between coffee profitability and forest restoration, finding that within five years profits increased by nearly 90% after restoration and forest area restored by 20%.” .
Lopez-Cubelos S, McDonald-Maden E, Mayfield MM, Running RK. Optimum restoration of pollination services increases forest cover while doubling agricultural profits, PLoS Biology (2023). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002107
the quote: Strategic Habitat Restoration Can Make a Win-Win for Foresters and Farmers (2023, May 23) Retrieved May 23, 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-05-strategic-habitat-generate-win-win-forests. programming language
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without written permission. The content is provided for informational purposes only. | <urn:uuid:318d0b53-dd04-41ef-b3a3-7a11cd6be33d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://whatsnew2day.com/revitalizing-habitats-with-strategic-restoration-a-win-win-for-farmers-and-forests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.926096 | 597 | 3.375 | 3 |
According to eminent psychologist Sigmund Freud, babies are initially driven by how drawing affects the child’s development and selfish urges but gradually adapt to a more realistic approach by imbibing their parents’ values and rules. These play a role in the development of the child’s conscience.
One of the most important things that you, as a parent, should work on is understand your child’s psychology. What you should do, though, is find out about the simple things that tell you what your kid likes or dislikes, what makes him laugh or cry, and what motivates him or causes him misery. Child psychology, a key part of developmental psychology, is vast and one of the most commonly studied types of the subject. This specialized branch focuses on the psychological processes of children from birth to adolescence.
It takes note of the psychological changes that occur from infancy. The scope of the study includes motor skills, cognitive development, language skills, social change, emotional development, etc. Parents have their way of interpreting their child’s abilities and skills, or lack of those. When you don’t understand your children, you may misinterpret or misjudge them. Sometimes these misinterpretations can be harmless, but most of the times they are not. Parents’ role is key in a child’s psychological development. Lack of awareness about child development can often lead to poor judgment of children, which in turn leads to poor parenting decisions.
Brenda Volling, director and research professor, University of Michigan, revealed that children are directly affected by the amount of time a parent invests in their development. Hence, it is important for parents to educate themselves about the different aspects of child psychology and development so that they can contribute meaningfully towards the child’s emotional and mental growth. From the moral as from the intellectual point of view, the child is born neither good nor bad but master of his destiny. Parenting is more than just providing comforts for your children. It is being there for the child emotionally, and providing them a sense of security. One of the simplest, yet most effective, ways to learn about child psychology is observation. Show interest in what your children are doing or saying. | <urn:uuid:5672732d-1003-42f5-9695-75d6c65816e6> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://streetkids.ca/how-drawing-affects-the-child-s-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494424.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220024254-20190220050254-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.958377 | 454 | 3.28125 | 3 |
As renewable and solar energy continue to gain global awareness one of the most common questions people have is:
"How Do I Power My Home From the Sun?"
The answer is with a Solar Electric Photovoltaic System.
Solar Electric Photovoltaic Systems, sometimes referred to as PV Systems, have many benefits:
- Reduce your electric bill.
- Take advantage of tax benefits and rebates.
- Help our country become less dependent on fossil fuels.
- And - Watch your meter spin backward (we never get tired of this!) | <urn:uuid:311243d7-4c29-4bc5-b30b-e8814b58f32e> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://fafcosolar.com/go-solar-energy-for-life/item/1091-how-do-i-power-my-home-from-the-sun | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889660.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120142458-20180120162458-00695.warc.gz | en | 0.901987 | 113 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Data are the lifeblood of science. But all those carefully recorded observations may be in danger. Because a new study shows that data from the recent past are being lost at an alarming rate. The journal Current Biology has the data to prove it. [Timothy H. Vines et al., The Availability of Research Data Declines Rapidly with Article Age]
Scientific studies build on research that came before. And scientists turn to the facts and figures from previous work to aid in their own analyses or confirm that the earlier results still hold up. But how often can they access the older data they need?
To find out, researchers selected 500 studies published between 1991 and 2011. And they sent the authors a request for the studies’ raw data. Twenty years after publication, 80 percent of the data was unavailable.
In some cases, the authors couldn’t be reached. When they did respond, many reported that the data were simply not accessible, buried in an attic or saved on a now unreadable floppy disk.
This loss of information is an impediment to ongoing research and a waste of funding. Perhaps scientific data should be recognized as an endangered species, and efforts made to keep data around for future generations.
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.] | <urn:uuid:0113f27b-fef0-40bb-9077-f40b79a6af22> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/where-have-all-the-data-gone-13-12-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768285.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00078-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946636 | 260 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Every year the Primary Source Awards recognize innovations in teaching that encourages students to use primary sources. This year Edward Udovic, Vice President of Teaching & Learning and Senior Executive for University Mission, DePaul University, has received the 2013 Primary Source Award for Teaching for his "The Lincoln Park Neighborhood: Then and Now" course.
DePaul University offered "The Lincoln Park Neighborhood: Then and Now" as a first-year-experience course during fall 2012 as part of the "Chicago Quarter" program. The Chicago Quarter program aims to "acquaint first-year students at DePaul with the metropolitan community, its neighborhoods, cultures, people, institutions, organizations and urban issues." This course incorporated the discovery and use of primary source materials held at DePaul University and the Chicago History Museum into a number of course assignments, including critical, reflective learning journals. For their final project, the students are assigned a year in the university’s history and a theme such as women, sports, or advertising, and compare the past with the present, and an oral final examination.
"We look at Lincoln Park as a neighborhood," Udovic explains. "It was incorporated as part of the city in 1857, and went from farmland to an urban neighborhood university in four decades. How did that happen?" By examining primary sources, the students trace the evolution of their city, "and see how LP as a neighborhood continues to evolve, going from a blighted area to one of the most affluent zip codes in the U.S.
"We do a lot of walking tours," he continues. "For example, one block, Kenmore between Webster and Dickens, can depict the whole housing history in Chicago, from farmhouse to McMansions. Or students are shown a postcard showing an intersection in 1900, and then go to that intersection to see what it looks like now."
Udovic designed the course to provide students with the opportunity to engage primary source materials documenting the history of DePaul University, Lincoln Park, and the City of Chicago directly, and to reflect critically on the broader, historical forces that shaped the development of local history and the communities in which they have come to live and learn. The course examined the "then" and "now" of these symbiotic relationships. Students gained insight into how human beings geographically site their settlements, and the impact over time of this development as influenced by changes in population, technology, culture, economics, architecture, engineering, and other factors. In the course syllabus, Udovic explained, "In the end, this study will hopefully lead to questions about what [is] next for Chicago? What next for the Lincoln Park Neighborhood? What next for DePaul University? History’s ultimate value is to prepare us for future questions, future decisions."
Providing a structured introduction to urban, local, and educational history, as well as museum and material culture studies, Udovic’s course ensured that first-year students at DePaul engaged with primary source materials from their first days at the university, and developed an initial awareness of the role that special collections, archives, and museums may play in their undergraduate education. | <urn:uuid:a8ecfcfc-d6a5-4a2c-bdfa-fa95d6e3c6fe> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.crl.edu/focus/article/9267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737994631.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221954-00228-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959836 | 640 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Beware of Unauthorised Resellers! The antivirus that you install on your computer should be a reputed one. It should be purchased from a well-known vendor, such as Comodo or an authorized reseller.
This is good advice for purchasing software in general, but especially important for the security software essential to your protection. In some cases, your guardian could become your threat! There are criminal hackers offering products that masquerade as protection but are really vehicles for fraud and malicious attacks.
You may wonder when and how does the malicious attack happen on your computer? And how does it enter the computer? The main reason of viruses to enter your system is through the internet. It is the place through which all these illegal and unauthorized access are established. Antivirus for Windows 8 (software) helps in detecting the unauthorized and vulnerable websites that contains viruses and other malicious programs and stops the entry of the viruses from entering into the computer.
Knowing all the facts and importance of antivirus, it is all up to the user to avoid buying antivirus from an unauthorized reseller, considering the following inputs:
Blocked or Invalid license code
Fraudsters constantly make use of the opportunity, that as buyers, when they purchase a code they cannot check the validity of the code before purchasing. Anyone can build a code with a combination of random numbers and letters showcasing it like a software code, or they can promote a blocked/outdated/invalid code for an offer. Having bought that code, the user will be prone to vulnerable attacks or can see a message stating that “the program you entered is invalid”.
There are many times when criminal’s posts offer for an authorized license code mentioning for 4 users on specific grounds but sends code to more than four buyers at the same time. This ends up in multiple user licenses.
An illegal form of copying software is called as Software Piracy. All the retail codes are licensed for only one computer or only for one user. On purchasing, you will be a licensed user. You will have permission to take copies of the original one for the real purpose of backup. Sometimes people misuse this, and share these copies to friends and colleagues. This also applies to antivirus, users buy the original version of the antivirus software and make copies and sell it to the users. The pirated copies of the antivirus software do not give updates of the antivirus databases. This will further end up in the malware attack.
License with wrong features
Activating a license on other devices is a very well-known factor. This is mainly used by cyber frauds to sell a license of two systems as a product that is eligible for 6 machines, hence making more expensive. The buyer realizes only when he activates the code on all the devices and finds that the seller is not found.
License valid for a different region Some of the fraudsters make the users buy the license of a product that is localized to a particular region. The buyer may realize that his license is a fake one, only while trying to activate the code and becomes aware about the fact that the license is restricted to a another region. Licenses for each region differ in price, and also the code can be activated only in that particular region for which the license is specified to. Eg: A license code that is specified only for India cannot be used to activate in other country.
To avoid all the above criminal activities to happen against you as a user. Make sure that you do not purchase antivirus software from any unauthorized reseller. This will save your time and money, as buying antivirus software from an authorized reseller is a smart decision to protect your system from malicious attacks. | <urn:uuid:fde44dd8-7326-49b8-bbfe-dfcbef8fbb43> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://antivirus.comodo.com/blog/computer-safety/beware-unauthorised-resellers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153521.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728025548-20210728055548-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.94032 | 753 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Access by urban households to safe drinking water is slightly less than 100%, but decreasing. Access of rural households to safe drinking water was 88% in 2008, up from 67% in 2000. The government has improved water supply to rural communities through the provision of new boreholes and the rehabilitation of existing boreholes, as well as the development of pipelines. Namibia recycles water, especially in urban areas. This figure show trends in access to water and sanitation.
From collection: Zambezi River Basin - Atlas of the changing Environment | <urn:uuid:5fb1196e-184d-4b4b-a8ac-9e2039712362> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grida.no/resources/5194 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00309.warc.gz | en | 0.955547 | 122 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Book your safaris NOW!
Check out some of our NEW Safaris or visit our Programs page from the menu above.
We are here to help you meet your benchmarks!
Science Eye offers unique, educational programs and resources for teachers, home schoolers, organization and clubs. Our Field Studies and In-school Safaris are engaging, hands-on, inquiry-based programs that enable students to explore the world around them, gain new insights and make them aware that science is an exciting part of everything they do. Our goal is to have fun while instilling self-confidence, develop critical thinking skills and to create a positive relationship with the environment.
All of our programs meet the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards for Science (NGSSS) as well as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).
We don't just do S.T.E.M., Science Eye goes full S.T.E.E.M. ahead! (Science Technology Engineering Environment & Math)
In-Class Science Safaris
Awesome Amphibians - Herpetologists have a chance to explore the class Amphibia and they will understand why the oldest land vertebrates lead a "double life". You've heard them call at night and now you will know which call is which with our Frog Caller I.D. Call for more information.
Beautiful Birds - Ornithologists explore the class Aves and what makes this group so diverse. They focus on the unique adaptations that allow birds to survive on every continent by exploring beak shape and function, plumage, and bird calls. Call for more information.
Engineering Marvels: Bridges - Putting the E in STEM, this engineering marvel of a program helps our future Civil Engineers make the connections in a team effort to construct the best bridge. More...
Fabulous Fish - Ichthyologists delve into the oldest vertebrate group on earth. The diversity of body shape, tail fins, mouth and teeth, and scales allow fish to inhabit a variety of places. With this knowledge young scientist will be able to identify and design their own species. Call for more information.
Friction Restriction - Young scientists discover friction is everywhere. They investigate how different surfaces create different amounts of friction by measuring that invisible force. Is friction good or bad? Call for more information.
Furious Force – Scientists investigate that invisible force called magnetism and how it is created. They build an electromagnet and simple electric motor and discover how they are part of our everyday lives. Call for more information.
Happy Birds Catapult - Our modern medieval engineers discover the science behind the catapult. They experiment with the principals of force (potential & kinetic energy) and motion as they launch their ballista birds, understanding the effects of tension, torsion and gravity. Call for more information.
Marvelous Mammals - This is one "hairy" situation your students will love to have in the classroom. We explore a group of animals that we all love, but learn that there is so much more than a cute kitten playing with some yarn on a computer screen. Call for more information.
Medieval Science – Engineers travel back in time to investigate the physics involved in building and using 2 types of catapults. They discover which one is more efficient and why. Call for more information.
Productive Plants - This Kingdom is often taken for granted in the critical role they have on our planet producing energy and recycling nutrients. Our budding botanists learn the difference between trees, shrubs and grasses as well as learn to identify the parts of the plant. Call for more information.
Field Study Safaris
Experiences your students will never forget!
Coastal Exploration - Come explore the beach through the eyes of a Marine Biologist and discover the wonders it has to offer. For grades 3 and up. More...
Questions | Comments | Book A Program
Contact Us or call 954-680-7977 or 1-800-2-SCIENCE
Copyright 1999-2013 Science Eye All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:c36f0445-0c38-47e5-8159-c8e8f1218613> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scienceeye.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91426 | 822 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Internship at Prehistory Research Project
During the Summer of 2018, I interned at the Prehistory Research Project at Texas State University. The focus of my internship was the analysis of the Native American projectile points known as dart points. These dart points were provided by collector J.D. Zeptner, who obtained them in a pay-to-dig operation at the Gault archaeological site in the late 1980s. I was tasked with washing, labeling, typing, and cataloguing these points, with the objective of learning about these amazing tools and what information they can teach archaeologists.
Studying these dart points consisted of several vital tasks, starting with washing and labeling each individual artifact. While I didn’t learn much about the artifacts themselves from this, removing any dirt and other foreign substances covering the features of the dart points is imperative when studying them. After then labeling each artifact for archival purposes, I catalogued them by documenting their physical features and measurements. Using this information, and the sources around me, I was able to separate these points by known type in the archaeological record. This process will be described in detail below.
Overview of dart point characteristics:
So what is a dart point? Dart points are a type of projectile point used by Native Americans to tip spears for thrusting, and to be hurled using an atlatl (spear-thrower). Despite their name, they were also commonly used as cutting tools, such as knives. These points are often mistakenly called arrowheads by the public, but in reality are much thicker and larger than arrow points, which are a much more recently developed tool that first appeared in Texas during the Late Prehistoric period around 700 AD (Lohse 2011). There are many types of these dart points found in Texas, each of which displays unique characteristics that help archaeologists separate them both geographically and temporally (see figure 1). Temporally, dart points can be separated into two main periods: the Paleo-Indian and Archaic (Turner 2011).
The Paleo-Indian period predates 8800 BP and primarily features long, lanceolate dart points with ground edges on the proximal end (see figure 2). The heavily-studied Clovis point is widely accepted as the first type of dart point technology to appear in North America, followed by Folsom. Features of these dart points, like the shape of the base, coincide with the way they were used; for example; early Paleo-Indian points like Clovis exhibited smoothed stems and bases, and a feature called fluting, where a difficult flaking technique was used to create a long, thin channel from the base, which allowed them to be hafted on a shaft that was split down the center. Eventually, points began being made without fluting, known as Plainview points; they were easier to make and replaced their thinner predecessor Folsom. Near the end of the late Paleo-Indian period, lanceolate points with “weak shoulders and ill-defined stems” were used, marking the transition from one period to another (Turner 2011).
The J.D. Zeptner collection contained only a handful of identifiable Paleo-Indian points when compared to Archaic. While the point in figure 2 shows a good an example of basal smoothing, this Paleo-Indian point seen on the left in figure 3 provides a good example of oblique-parallel flake scars from pressure flaking. The Paleo-Indian point on the right in figure 3 displays very weak, rounded shoulders and a stem, seen on some later Paleo-Indian dart points as the hafting technology shifted. Having a variety of Paleo-Indian points to study helped me understand the changes in technology and manufacture of these points that occurred throughout the Paleo-Indian period.
The Archaic period, spanning from 8800 BP to 1250 BP, can be divided into Early, Middle, and Late Archaic (Lohse 2011). This period shows a shift from lanceolate points to stemmed dart points with triangular and subtriangular bodies. These points usually exhibit either shoulders or barbs that separate the body from the stem and base and rest on top or alongside the haft (see figure 4). These shoulders and barbs are created by notching flakes either vertically from the base, diagonally from the corners of the base, or horizontally from the side of the base. There is no objective explanation for the function of these shoulders or barbs, but it is hypothesized that because they are likely to break off when entering the body, they can enhance bleeding and internal infections during warfare (Speth 2013). These points tend to be smaller than those of the Paleo-Indian period, and towards the end of the Late Archaic, the general size of the types dramatically decrease. A subperiod known as the Transitional Archaic period follows the Archaic period, where dart points continued to become smaller, until the Late Prehistoric period, when dart points and atlatls were replaced by bow and arrow point technology.
This collection mainly consisted of dart points from the Archaic period, as it is the longest. The base of the point seen on the left in figure 5 has been thinned, which is not uncommon in Archaic points, however this one has been thinned by a single broad flute-like flake, similar to the earliest dart points of the Paleo-Indian period. Another dart point from the collection can be seen on the right in figure 5, its large flake scars signify that it was formed mostly by percussion flaking, with minimal pressure flaking on its edges. It’s fascinating to see how techniques used in the Paleo-Indian period were further developed and used on some Archaic points.
Flintknapping is the process of creating a stone tool through percussion flaking and pressure flaking. Making a stone tool that is sharp enough to kill an animal is as easy as using a hammerstone to knock a sharp flake off a chunk of Texas chert (the most locally-accessible material for dart points), yet the process of making an actual dart point is far more complicated. This realization, along with my very novice experience in flintknapping, has given me a new appreciation for the beauty and functionality of these over-engineered tools. A well-made projectile point is a display of skill, more than anything, and the creation of one requires patience, experience, and quality material. While I have barely scratched the surface of this artform, knowing just the basics of how the material reacts to percussion and pressure has been paramount to my understanding of how and why they were made this way.
I was able to gain a basic understanding of, and eventually easily identify, the more abstruse features of these dart points through the process of cataloguing them. This is a crucial step in lithic analysis where the variations both between, and from within the different dart point types become clear. I gathered data by taking precise measurements of the points, such as blade width, thickness and base width, as well as documenting observations regarding the morphological features of each dart point. These observations include the basics like the shapes of the base, the shoulders/barbs, signs of re-sharpening or reworking, serrations, beveling, manufacturing failures, impact burinations (a fracture caused by impact [with things like bone] during use), snap fractures, and base smoothing. This process also helps identify aberrant specimens of certain types; for example, one of the Travis points had unusually abrupt shoulders, as they are generally rounded or weak. Learning how to determine whether a point was re-sharpened or not was rather difficult, because there are different ways to touch up an edge, one of which results in the blade being beveled, and either having a “twisted” or trapezoidal form in cross-section. Assessing whether damage done to a point was a burination or merely a snap fracture was also difficult, because they can sometimes look very similar. However, features like this can give away important information about a point. Points that exhibit this kind of beveled re-sharpening were likely used as cutting knives, because this method retouches the edges without having to remove the point from its haft. And points with impact burinations were likely used as projectiles, because they are damaged by sheer impact directed into the proximal and/or distal ends during use.
55% of the 349 typeable dart points in this collection had at least one of these two features. Based on these two features alone, I was able to reasonably hypothesize that 25% of them were likely used as projectile points, and about 23% were likely used as knives, with 7% exhibiting both features. I was surprised to find how some of these point types were used; for example, none of the Castroville dart points of the collection exhibited beveling, and about half of them had burinations; for a point with such a large body, I thought most of them would have been used for cutting. Things like microwear research by using a microscope to look at things like striations and polishing on the blades can further verify just how these points were used, as even the smallest features can teach us about these tools.
Challenges to typing:
While the features of dart points may help archaeologists determine useful information about that point and its type, each dart point type has differing levels of variation that complicates the process of identifying them correctly, and properly differentiating them from another similar type. Similarities between dart point types, such as Frio and Martindale, can even lead to two different opinions between archaeologists, which I’ve seen firsthand. Since typing these dart points is ultimately subjective, it is important to use a systematic approach in order to explain your reasoning for typing each specimen and make the process as objective as possible. For this I used Archaeologist Elton R. Prewitt’s methods for describing projectile points (Prewitt 2014). This process expands upon the observations made when cataloguing in greater detail. It also includes other notable observations about workmanship, material, reworking, etc.
When typing partial, broken, or unfinished points, the presence of an intact stem and base is usually essential, since the working of the bases is very distinct, whereas a blade with no base could belong to any number of types. Damage like snap fractures, impact burinations and even thermal damage from fire leaves many dart points missing varying portions of the blade, stem and shoulders/barbs. Unfortunately, damaged points sometimes leave you with too little to work with and can’t be justifiably typed. These untypable points are not uncommon, and sometimes even some rather pristine points with aberrant workmanship can leave an archaeologist scratching their head. An archaeologist’s ability to type these artifacts is directly affected by how much hands-on experience they’ve had with them. It is possible to find a point from a previous period that had been found and reworked into a different point or tool entirely. This can lead to complications when typing, because there may be no way to tell what the point was originally. The process becomes further complicated when the features of two somewhat distinct types get blended into a hybrid as a result of both points being made and used around the same period, such as a cross between a Pedernales and Marshall point both belonging to the Middle Archaic period; this would belong to neither type, and could be called “Pedermarshall.”
After typing 349 dart points successfully and having a considerable pile of “untypables” and other bifaces, I placed them in chronological order, beginning with a modified Clovis Point, and ending with three Perdiz arrow points. These points can now be entered into databases, and provide useful information in future studies, as they will eventually be returned to their owner. As an aspiring archaeologist, I cannot truly explain the feeling of being able to work with and learn from over 10,000 years of American history in the form of these artifacts. Not only did I learn a lot about dart points themselves, the typology, and how they were made and used, I learned just how much these small tools can tell you about the amazing people who created and used them throughout their lives. Over the span of 10 weeks, I have gained more knowledge and experience in the field of archaeology than any class could teach, and never have I been more interested and involved in it thanks to the opportunity and support provided by all the amazing archaeologists at the Prehistory Research Project, and to J.D. Zeptner who graciously provided his collection.
Lohse, Jon C, ed. 2011 Prehistoric Life, Labor, and Residence in Southeast Central Texas: Results of Data Recovery at 41HY163, the Zatopec Site, San Marcos, Texas. Center for Archaeological Studies. Accessed August 2018.
Prewitt, Elton R. and Prewitt, Kerza 2014 Notes on Describing Projectile Points. Manuscript on file with Prehistory Research Project at Texas State University. Accessed July 2018.
Speth, John D., Khori Newlander, Andrew A. White, Ashley K. Lemke, and Lars E. Anderson 2013 Early Paleoindian Big-Game Hunting in North America: Provisioning or Politics? Quaternary International 285: 111–139. Accessed July 31, 2018.
Turner, Ellen Sue and Hester, Tomas R. 2011 Stone Artifacts of Texas Indians. Taylor Trade Publishing. 3rd ed. Taylor Trade Publishing. Accessed July 2018. | <urn:uuid:329662b0-bcc1-447e-972d-d6663d1d6299> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://anthropologyinternships.wp.txstate.edu/2018/08/31/connor-laszewski-prehistory-research-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511872.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018130914-20181018152414-00259.warc.gz | en | 0.963816 | 2,795 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Tropical Cyclone "Enawo" is expected to make landfall over SE Antsiranana Province, Madagascar shortly after 10:00 local time (07:00 UTC) on March 7, 2017. The system is expected to reach the coast as Category 2 hurricane equivalent. Winds produced by Enawo at the time of landfall can cause extensive damage. In addition, Enawo is bringing heavy rain which could cause major flooding and landslides.
At 06:00 UTC on March 6, Tropical Cyclone "Enawo" had maximum sustained winds of 167 km/h (103 mph), with gusts to 203 km/h (126 mph). This made it Category 2 hurricane equivalent on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.
Tropical Cyclone "Enawo" multispectral satellite image at 06:00 UTC on March 6, 2017. Credit: JTWC/SATOPS, EUMETSAT
The system is expected to further intensify over the next 12 hours, peaking at 203 km/h (126 mph), and then begin to weaken. Enawo is being steered toward Madagascar by the subtropical ridge to the southeast and is expected to make landfall shortly after 07:00 UTC on March 7 as a Category 2 hurricane equivalent.
Category 2 hurricanes are producing extremely dangerous winds capable of causing extensive damage. Well-constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks.
Current JRC estimations indicate a maximum storm surge height of 1 meter (3.3 feet) in Rantranavona (Helodrano Antongila Bay, Toamasina Province) on March 7 at 15.00 UTC.
After landfall, Enawo is expected continue tracking southward across the country and weaken, pass over capital Antananarivo on March 8 and emerge over water near Matanga on March 9.
Tropical Cyclone "Enawo" IR satellite image with JTWC forecast track issued 06:00 UTC on March 6, 2017. Credit: UW-CIMSS
Credit: NASA/JAXA GPM, UW-CIMSS, JTWC, Google
March 7, 13:00 UTC
Enawo made landfall at 08:00 UTC (11:00 local time) on March 7 at 14.6 degrees north latitude and 50.2 degrees east longitude, about half way between Sambava and Antalaha. As it hit, Enawo became quasi-stationary and pounded Antalaha with strong winds and heavy rain for several hours.
At 09:00 UTC (4 a.m. EST) its maximum sustained winds were 231 km/h (144 mph) making it a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale.
Drought-stricken Madagascar will likely receive between 700 and 900 mm (27 and 36 inches) of rain this week.
Major flooding and landslides are possible.
— Geól. Sergio Almazán (@chematierra) March 7, 2017
— Mike deCoster-Milman (@mike_dc_m) March 7, 2017
Life-threatening impacts are expected as it moves further inland.
Featured image: Tropical Cyclone "Enawo" at 05:30 UTC on March 7, 2017. Credit: UW-CIMSS
If you value what we do here, create your ad-free account and support our journalism.
Producing content you read on this website takes a lot of time, effort, and hard work. If you value what we do here, select the level of your support and register your account.
Your support makes this project fully self-sustainable and keeps us independent and focused on the content we love to create and share.
All our supporters can browse the website without ads, allowing much faster speeds and a clean interface. Your comments will be instantly approved and you’ll have a direct line of communication with us from within your account dashboard. You can suggest new features and apps and you’ll be able to use them before they go live.
You can choose the level of your support.
Stay kind, vigilant and ready! | <urn:uuid:f32c1f31-c75e-481d-988e-e5242585404f> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://watchers.news/2017/03/06/enawo-madagascar-forecast-track-landfall/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710733.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130060525-20221130090525-00822.warc.gz | en | 0.92376 | 905 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Concerta vs. Vyvanse: Comparison Guide
Dr. Gerardo Sison
Approximately 10 percent of children in the United States have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Although the condition is common and treatable, it is not always recognized and can sometimes be written off as poor or aggressive behavior in children. Children with ADHD may struggle to learn, focus, and interact socially, which can lead to delayed development. ADHD can also affect adults.
Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine) and Concerta (Methylphenidate) are two popular prescription medications used for the treatment of ADHD. This comparison guide examines the similarities and differences between Concerta vs. Vyvanse.
Both Vyvanse and Concerta are considered stimulant medications.
The drugs work similarly to increase the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, dopamine and norepinephrine, that play a role in hyperactive and impulsive behavior.
One major difference between the two drugs is that Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it does not begin working until it is metabolized by the body. Concerta is delivered both immediately and over time thanks to the dual action of the medication.
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies both Vyvanse and Concerta as Schedule II controlled substances due to their high potential for abuse and addiction.
Both Concerta and Vyvanse are used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD. Vyvanse is also approved by the FDA for the treatment of binge eating disorder.
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically diagnosed during childhood. While most people who are diagnosed with ADHD as children find that they continue to experience symptoms upon reaching adulthood, some people do appear to outgrow their symptoms or notice considerable improvement with age.
ADHD can present in three different ways: hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive, or a combination of hyperactivity and inattention. The symptoms of ADHD may change throughout a person’s lifetime.
Common signs and symptoms of ADHD include:
- Difficulty resisting temptation
- Talking excessively
- Difficulty getting along with others
- Squirming or fidgeting
- Making careless mistakes
- Forgetting or losing things regularly
- Difficulty paying attention
- Difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors
Both Vyvanse and Concerta are approved for the treatment of ADHD in adults and children at least six years of age and older.
The brand-name versions of Vyvanse and Concerta can be expensive.
While Concerta is also available in a generic version, Vyvanse is only available as a brand-name drug. A 30-day prescription of Vyvanse costs approximately $350, and some forms of commercial insurance may not cover the cost of the medication. Brand-name Concerta is similarly priced, with a monthly prescription costing an average of $396.
However, the generic version of Concerta, known as methylphenidate hydrochloride, may be obtained for less than $20 for a monthly prescription. While the brand name version of Concerta may not be covered by commercial health insurance, the generic version of the drug is usually covered.
Regardless of whether or not you have adequate health insurance coverage for prescriptions, you can save on the cost of your medication by using a pharmacy discount card. Pharmacy discount cards are available at no cost and can help you save money on all FDA-approved medications, including both brand-name and generic drugs.
Both Vyvanse and Concerta are associated with numerous side effects, some of which may require medical attention.
Common side effects of Vyvanse include:
- Loss of appetite
- Dry mouth
- Upper abdominal pain
- Trouble sleeping
- Weight loss
Less common side effects associated with Vyvanse include:
- Libido changes
- Rapidly changing moods
- Trouble breathing
- Sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
Side effects of Concerta range from common to less common. Common side effects associated with the use of Concerta include:
- Dry mouth
- Stomach ache
- Weight loss
- Decreased appetite
- Trouble sleeping
- Increased sweating
Less common side effects associated with Concerta include:
- Slowing of growth (both height and weight) in children
- Eyesight changes or blurred vision
- Aggressive thoughts or behavior
- Seizures, particularly in patients with an existing history of seizures
- Priapism (erection lasting longer than four hours)
- Blockage of the esophagus, stomach, small or large intestine in patients who already have a narrowing in any of these organs
Side effects associated with Vyvanse and Concerta are most commonly experienced when people start taking the medication for the first time or when their dosage of the medication is increased.
Side effects may disappear or diminish over time as your body adjusts to your medication.
However, some people may continue to experience side effects. If you continue to experience side effects after taking the drug for several weeks, or if your side effects are particularly severe, make sure to contact your doctor for medical advice, or seek medical attention immediately.
Warnings for Use
Use of Vyvanse and Concerta is heavily controlled due to the potential for abuse, addiction, and dependency. While the medications are available by prescription only, there are some people who may use Concerta, Vyvanse, and similar medications without a prescription.
Common signs of substance abuse or dependency may include:
- Feeling unable to cut back on substance use
- Not being able to work without taking the medication
- Not feeling alert without the medication
- Expending significant time and money to obtain and use the medication
- Needing larger doses to achieve the desired effect
Vyvanse and Concerta are classified as Schedule II controlled substances due to their high potential for abuse and dependence. People who become dependent on Vyvanse or Concerta may experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop using the medication abruptly or dramatically reduce their dose. Patients who have been taking either Vyvanse or Concerta for more than two weeks should only stop taking the drug or reduce their dose under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
For informational purposes, withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping the use of Vyvanse and Concerta can include:
- Sleep disturbances
- Increased appetite
- Changes in mood
- Strange dreams
The use of Vyvanse or Concerta may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular events like heart attack or stroke. As stimulants, Vyvanse and Concerta may increase blood pressure or heart rate, which can be dangerous for those with cardiovascular problems.
Consult a healthcare provider for other possible warnings and precautions associated with stimulants.
Due to the stimulant nature of Vyvanse and Concerta, some people may not be able to use these drugs safely. Others may need to be very cautious while taking the medication.
You should not take Vyvanse or Concerta if you:
- Have glaucoma
- Have a history of anxiety, tension, or agitation
- Have had an allergic reaction to the medication
- Take a type of antidepressants called MAOIs
Talk to your doctor before taking Vyvanse if you have any of the following medical conditions:
- Blood pressure or circulation problems, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon
- A history or heart problems
You should not take Concerta if you have any of the following medical conditions:
- Tourette’s syndrome
- A family history of Tourette’s syndrome
- Motor tics
Concerta and Vyvanse work similarly to treat ADHD. Although the drugs are known to cause similar side effects, some people may find that one drug works better for them than the other.
There are other ADHD medications available as well like Ritalin, Focalin, Strattera, and Adderall, which comes in both its short-term form and the long-acting Adderall XR release tablets.
Consult with your doctor to determine which amphetamine may be right for you.
Using brand-name Vyvanse or Concerta to treat ADHD can be expensive, but it is possible to save on your medication using a pharmacy discount card from USA Rx. | <urn:uuid:64865e63-ed4a-42c0-bec0-8f3b127e273a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usarx.com/blog/concerta-vs-vyvanse-comparison-guide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572174.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815115129-20220815145129-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.921237 | 2,000 | 3 | 3 |
A good way to work on your listening is by transcribing what you hear. Transcribing means writing down the full text of a recording. You might find it difficult and laborious, but this is the kind of hard work that pays off in the end.
Try transcribing last week's recording or a section of a real test in one of the Cambridge books. Imagine how quickly your listening would improve if you did a short transcription every day! | <urn:uuid:8787cc35-e597-4577-81da-8cd0e061ea17> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2013/06/ielts-listening-advice-transcribing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121899763.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175139-00204-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944981 | 91 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Algaculture is coined out as a term for cultivating algae commercially. Algae are a simple green plant that is grown in water that also includes cannabis. The green color only means to say that it produces its food through photosynthesis, the same as corn, grass, and trees. This is not anymore new as it already is attracting research investment and interest due to their potentials. This is true in providing energy and combating environmental threats.
“Truly the cannabis agriculture is in search of innovation. That is when I believe algaculture makes sense to be incorporated in growing weeds.”
“Algaculture is one factor needed in the process of growing buds.“ | <urn:uuid:53daca6d-efb5-4d09-b4d1-21389f38aead> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.sunwestgenetics.com/glossary/algaculture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039491784.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420214346-20210421004346-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.970761 | 143 | 2.625 | 3 |
All that glitters is not gold.
Not everything that is shiny and superficially attractive is valuable.
The original form of this phrase was 'all that glisters is not gold'. The 'glitters' version long ago superseded the original and is now almost universally used.
Shakespeare is the best-known writer to have expressed the idea that shiny things aren't necessarily precious things. The original editions of The Merchant of Venice, 1596, have the line as 'all that glisters is not gold'. 'Glister' is usually replaced by 'glitter' in modern renditions of the play:
O hell! what have we here?
A carrion Death, within whose empty eye
There is a written scroll! I'll read the writing.
All that glitters is not gold;
Often have you heard that told:
Many a man his life hath sold
But my outside to behold:
Gilded tombs do worms enfold.
Had you been as wise as bold,
Young in limbs, in judgment old,
Your answer had not been inscroll'd:
Fare you well; your suit is cold.
Various different ways of expressing the idea that 'all that glitters/glisters is not gold' were in general circulation well before Shakespeare's day and it was a common enough notion to have been called proverbial by the 16th century. The 12th century French theologian Alain de Lille wrote "Do not hold everything gold that shines like gold". Geoffrey Chaucer also expressed the same idea in Middle English in the poem The House of Fame, 1380 - "Hit is not al gold, that glareth". Nevertheless, it is Shakespeare who gave us the version we now use.
The 'glitters' version of this phrase is so long established as to be perfectly acceptable - especially as 'glisters' and 'glitters' mean the same thing. Only the most pedantic insist that 'all that glisters is not gold' is correct and that 'all that glitters is not gold', being a misquotation, however cobweb-laden, should be shunned. John Dryden was quite happy to use 'glitters' as long ago as 1687, in his poem The Hind and the Panther:
For you may palm upon us new for old:
All, as they say, that glitters, is not gold.
Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1122 | <urn:uuid:24483ce6-d034-458c-bdf3-c401195c7724> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://doclecture.net/1-9492.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178364027.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302160319-20210302190319-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.959336 | 509 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Everything you need to know about techniques of coordination in management. Coordination is an endeavour to ensure smooth inter-play of functions, orderly synchronizing functions of different departments for accomplishment of goals.
It enables various groups of people working in the organization to work harmoniously to achieve the goals. All managerial functions are instrumental functions to co-ordination.
Co-ordination is a continuous process and it is done at all levels of management. Mangers use a variety of techniques in the business organisation to achieve co-ordination. every management function should lead to coordination. However, coordination problems may arise because it is almost impossible to create a mechanically perfect system of clear-cut jurisdictions.
Co-ordination is the process of synchronising activities of various persons in the organisation in order to achieve goals.
Co-ordination is undertaken at every level of management. At the top level, the chief executives will co-ordinate the activities of functional or departmental managers. If there is lack of co- ordination between production and sales departments then either production will suffer or sales will suffer.
Similarly, personnel department will like to know the manpower needs of various departments
“Coordination is the orderly synchronization of efforts of the subordinates to provide the proper amount, turning and quality of execution, so that their unified efforts lead to a stated objective, namely, the common purpose of the enterprise”. — Haimann
The techniques of coordination in management are as follows:-
1. General Techniques 2. Specific Techniques 3. Clearly Defined Goals 4. Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility 5. Precise and Comprehensive Programmes and Policies
6. Cooperation 7. Effective Communication 8. Effective Leadership and Supervision 9. Putting in Place Clear-Cut Rules and Procedures 10. Establishing Appropriate Chain of Command or Hierarchy
11. Planning of Goals and Objectives 12. Liaison or Relationship Roles 13. Task Forces 14. Establishment of Separate Department for Coordination 15. Balancing and a Few Others.
Techniques of Coordination in Management: General, Specific, Clearly Defined Goals and a Few Others
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 2 Main Techniques: Specific and General Techniques
Co-ordination is a continuous process and it is done at all levels of management. Mangers use a variety of techniques in the business organisation to achieve co-ordination.
These techniques may be divided as:
1. General techniques and
2. Specific techniques.
Technique # 1. General:
Co-ordination can easily be achieved if managerial functions are properly designed and executed. Thoughtful and proper design of managerial functions is the key to successful co-ordination. Almost all managerial functions directly affect co-ordination, for example planning, organisation, departmentation, supervision, leadership and control. Policies and procedures should be co-ordinated while planning the objectives and goals of the business concern.
If the policies and procedures are in consistent with objectives, it will create problems to the business concern. Therefore there should be clear-cut and effective delegation of authority and specified relationships to avoid many conflicts and misunderstanding. This promotes co-ordination. It is the duty of top executives to create various departments based on various functions and establish relationship between various departmental heads, managers, executives and subordinates.
People, leadership and supervision, too, promote co-ordination which ultimately results in team spirit and honest effort for achieving ultimate objectives. Control techniques also help the organisation towards achieving common objectives of the organisation as well. The co-ordination can be achieved if manager starts co-ordination efforts of unifying, blending and harmonizing from the very early stage of planning and continues to the last stage of controlling.
Technique # 2. Specific:
It is managers’ duty to see that the co-ordination exists in the entire organisation although he cannot order for it. It is the product of efforts undertaken in the enterprise.
Following are some specific techniques that can be used by managers for ensuring co-ordination:
i. Co-Ordination by Meetings and Conferences:
Periodic meetings of staff of various levels of management is an effective technique of co-ordination. Weekly group meeting or conference of the departmental heads under the chairmanship of the general manager is a very effective device for coordination, suggested by Henri Fayol. It provides them an opportunity for direct contact, asking them how the things are going on.
Their problems difficulties, management’s expectation from them, solving their problems, exchanging various ideas, opinions, points of view, problems, and solutions are effectively discussed and resolved in such meetings. All this leads to harmony and unity in working.
ii. Co-Ordination by Committees:
Establishment of departmental committees is another technique to ensure effective co-ordination. These committees meet periodically and discuss various managerial problems and find solutions to these problems. Sometimes there are some permanent committees for the purpose of coordinating the activities of two or more departments. The committees usually comprise of representatives from all departments. Thus committees solve many managerial problems and serve as a sound technique of co-ordination.
iii. Co-Ordination by Liaison Officer:
Instead of establishing permanent co-ordination committees, appointing a liaison officer and entrusting him the co-ordination work is less expensive and more effective as this liaison officer is always available. This liaison officer would do the work of establishing and maintaining co-ordination among important departments. In modern days this practice is not prevalent.
iv. Co-Ordination by Order and Command:
This is one of the effective techniques of coordination. A manager, by issuing orders and commands to their subordinates, achieves effective coordination. The manager can also clearly define the work of his subordinates, their role, function, and timing of performing the work, in order to achieve co-ordination. In modern days this technique is not considered good, since, it neglects significance of human relations.
v. Co-Ordination by Goals or Targets:
The top boss fixes targets for all the departments and entrusts the job of fulfilling them to his subordinates’ i.e. departmental heads. He, by his own means, ensures achievement of such goals and completion of the targets. This, indirectly, establishes coordination.
vi. Co-Ordination by Departmentation:
Departmentation facilitates co-ordination in a better way than other techniques. It is one of the important means of dividing the large scale business concern into smaller administrative units. Departmentation is done on the basis of functions products, customers, territories and so on. As these departments are interdependent, co-ordination is automatically established.
vii. Co-Ordination by Communication:
Proper communication is a successful system of coordination. As such adequate facilities for good communication should be provided. Defective communication system may result in ineffective co-ordination.
viii. Co-Ordination by Special Coordinators:
In big industrial concerns, along with various managers, a project coordinator is appointed. His main duty is to co-ordinate various activities relating to a particular project. The function of this co-ordination cell is to collect information and send it to the various departments. Smooth co-ordination and ultimate success of the enterprise is assumed by such a special co-ordination cell.
A company may adopt any type of technique from the above. Its choice depends upon the type, size and objective of the business concern. Sometimes a company may adopt a combination of some of the above techniques to achieve the desired results.
When a group of people works to achieve a common objective or purpose, co-ordination becomes a must to synchronise their efforts. And when sub-division of work is not possible then co-ordination becomes compulsory. Co-ordination is essential when diversified tasks are undertaken by some persons, co-ordination starts as soon as the operations begin. Without proper co-ordination the organisational objectives cannot be achieved. It is essential for the survival of an organisation.
Co-ordination is the essence of management. In all small and big organisations there are individuals and groups competing for influence and resources. There are differences of opinion and values, conflicts of priorities and of goals. Individuals as well as groups have different roles, different goals and different skills. The overall task of management is to co-ordinate and integrate or blend these differences into one united wholeness. Co-ordination is a central problem of the organisation.
Ideally co-ordination spreads throughout all managerial activities. Management has to secure effective coordination of human efforts and non-human resources. Management of a big business is essentially a task of co-ordination. All departments, sections etc. are duly welded into one united and integrated whole aimed at working to achieve common goals. Thus we have unity of direction and unity of objectives. Co-ordination tones up general level of employee morale and job satisfaction.
Various types of plans such as objectives, policies, strategies schedules and programmes serve as means of coordinating the activities of the enterprise spread over several departments and divisions. The organisation cannot be said to be efficient unless it attempts to achieve co-ordination by creating a sound organisation structure. It defines the activities of the enterprise in terms of individual tasks and the activities that are grouped into homogenous work units and authority positions.
Without the process of integration of diverse activities, roles and authority relationships will not be clear, Staffing function involves manpower planning, employment, training, wage fixation, merit rating, job evaluation etc. All these sub-functions are performed in such a manner that there are right persons on different jobs. All this helps in achieving co-ordination in assigning tasks to various individuals. With the help of direction, manager can influence the behaviour of individuals so as to evolve goal directed effort.
This is very much essential for achieving co-ordination. Controlling also contributes towards achieving co-ordination. Under this function, standards of performance are established, and actual performance is compared with standard performance and deviation if any is measured, and then necessary corrective measures are undertaken.
By implementing these measures all activities are converted into achieving co-ordination in the business enterprise. Finally it can be concluded in such a way that, co-ordination is achieved by performing various functions of management.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 6 Common Techniques
1. Clearly Defined Goals – The goals of the enterprise should be laid down clearly. Every individual in the enterprise should understand the overall objectives and the contribution by his job to these objectives. Unity of purpose is a must for achieving proper coordination.
2. Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility – There is a line of authority in every enterprise which indicates as to who is accountable to whom. The line of authority and responsibility should be clearly defined to achieve coordination. Clear-cut authority relationships help in reducing conflicts among different positions (particularly line and staff) which is essential for sound coordination.
3. Precise and Comprehensive Programmes and Policies – Laying down well-defined programmes and policies is another measure for achieving effective coordination. This brings uniformity of action because everybody understands the programmes and policies in the same sense.
4. Cooperation – Coordination must be accompanied by cooperation. The individuals in the organisation must be willing to help each other voluntarily. Cooperation can be brought about by keeping harmonious relations among the people in the organisation by encouraging informal contacts to supplement formal communication and using committees for exchange of ideas and views at the top level.
5. Effective Communication – Effective communication is the key to proper coordination. The channels of communication used in the enterprise should be reliable so that they are able to create proper understanding in the minds of the receivers. Personal contacts should be encouraged as it is the most effective means of communication for achieving coordination.
6. Effective Leadership and Supervision – Management can achieve better coordination through effective leadership and supervision. Effective leadership ensures coordination both at the planning and the implementing stage. Effective supervision is necessary to guide the activities of individuals in the proper direction.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – Clearly Defined Goals, Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility and a Few Others
1. Clearly Defined Goals:
The goals of the enterprise should be laid down clearly. Every individual in the enterprise should understand the overall objectives and the contribution by his job to these objectives. Unity of purpose is a must for achieving proper coordination.
2. Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility:
There is a line of authority in every enterprise which indicates as to who is accountable to whom. The line of authority and responsibility should be clearly defined to achieve coordination. Clear-cut authority relationships help in reducing conflicts among different positions (particularly line and staff) which is essential for sound coordination.
3. Precise and Comprehensive Programmes and Policies:
Laying down well- defined programmes and policies is another measure for achieving effective coordination. This brings uniformity of action because everybody understands the programmes and policies in the same sense.
Coordination must be accompanied by cooperation. The individuals in the organization must be willing to help each other voluntarily. Cooperation can be brought about by keeping harmonious relations among the people in the organization by encouraging informal contacts to supplement formal communication and using committees for exchange of ideas and views at the top level.
5. Effective Communication:
Effective communication is the key to proper coordination. The channels of the communication used in the enterprise should be reliable so that they are able to create proper understanding in the minds of receivers. Personal contacts should be encouraged as it is the most effective means of communication for achieving coordination.
6. Effective Leadership and Supervision:
Management can achieve better coordination through effective leadership and supervision. Effective leadership ensures coordination both at the planning and the implementing stage. Effective supervision is necessary to guide the activities of individuals in the proper direction.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 6 Main Techniques
Establishment of specific rules and procedures as regards different activities and the people performing them, is by far the simplest method of coordination. The rules and procedures serve as guidelines in respect of the action to be taken in a given situation to minimize interaction between individuals and groups of individuals on this account.
An important advantage of coordination through rules and procedures is that while individuals and groups may change, the rules and procedures will be relatively permanent. But the main drawback of rules and procedures is that they can be useful only where interdependent activities are predictable and it is easy to secure individual and group response.
Any shortcoming of coordination by means of rules and procedures may be made good by crafting a chain of command where a common supervisor has authority to monitor and control the interaction between individuals and departments concerned.
For example, a problem which equally affects Production Department and Sales Department may be resolved through intervention of the general manager who is the common supervisor for both departments and, therefore, has the requisite authority to resolve any problems between them.
The only limitation of coordination by means of use of hierarchy is that it may leave little time for the common supervisor to attend to his own area of responsibility, particularly if the time and the goal orientation of the interdependent subordinates are different.
Planning involves determination of targets and time-schedules for the interdependent departments. If each department is handed a task to be completed within a given period, coordination will be much easier. Particularly so, if the interdependent departments are engaged in widely divergent activities with different time and goal orientations in which case enforcing coordination by means of rules and procedures, or by hierarchy, may not be effective enough.
Growth of interactions and volume of information exchanged between any two or more departments may make it necessary to establish a liaison or linkage role-strategy between them. Accordingly, any one or more persons may be assigned the duty of resolving issues between any two or more interdependent departments.
Any person(s) performing the liaison role will necessarily face conflicting performance-expectations from the interdependent departments. This will naturally create stress situations for him. Moreover, all liaison persons may not be equally competent to handle all the problems between interdependent departments.
Sometimes, in view of the growing complexity of activities of interdependent departments, as also rigid time and goal orientations, even liaison persons may not be able to deliver the desired results. In such a case, a temporary task force consisting of representatives from each interdependent department may be set up to look after the coordination function.
Once the problem facing the interdependent departments has been satisfactorily solved, the task force may be wound up.
If there are a number of problems frequently arising between interdependent departments, each having its own time and goal orientation, and all other means to enforce coordination have proved inadequate for the job, it will be advisable to set up a separate department with requisite formal authority to deal with coordination functions.
The department of coordination may be staffed with specialists in fields such as production, marketing, finance, etc., and the head may be asked to report directly to a top manager.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 3 Techniques given by Louis Allen: Balancing, Timing and Integrating
According to Louis A. Allen, “a manager, in managing, must coordinate the work for which he is accountable by balancing, timing and integrating.” In other words, balancing, timing and integrating are basic techniques of coordination.
Balancing means adequate provision of any one thing to support or counterbalance the other. It amounts to bring equilibrium in the functioning of different interdependent departments, each of them having a different time and goal orientation.
Timing involves operating, moving or turning on the activities of interdependent departments at the same time and speed to achieve effective synchronization between them. This will ensure that activities of different departments support and reinforce each other.
Integrating means to unify diverse time and goal orientations of interdependent departments in a manner that they jointly contribute to accomplishment of overall organisational objectives.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 6 Major Techniques: Coordination by Chain of Command, Coordination by Leadership and a Few Other Techniques
The basic objective of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinate efforts. Thus, every management function should lead to coordination. However, coordination problems may arise because it is almost impossible to create a mechanically perfect system of clear-cut jurisdictions.
Therefore, managers have to achieve coordination by using relevant coordination techniques which are as follows:
Technique # 1. Coordination by Chain of Command:
In an organization, the chain of command is the most important technique of coordination, particularly vertical coordination. Vertical coordination is required to synchronize the work allocated to several management levels in the organization. It ensures that the various levels act according to organizational prescriptions.
A manager can achieve vertical coordination by using his authority and issue orders and instructions to his subordinates to act in a coordinated way. He can define the authority of his subordinates, their functions, and timing of performance of these functions. This process can go down the organization. However, role of chain of command in achieving vertical coordination is limited.
Technique # 2. Coordination by Leadership:
If coordination cannot be achieved by mere exercise of authority, managers can use leadership to bring coordination among their subordinates. Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work willingly and enthusiastically to achieve desired results. It persuades the people working in groups to keep group interests above their personal interests. Thus, many conflicting situations can be overcome by inducing people to work in harmony by exercising leadership.
Technique # 3. Coordination by Committees:
Committee is a body of persons entrusted with discharge of some functions collectively as a group. The role of a committee is significant in achieving horizontal coordination, that is, coordination of efforts of functional, divisional, or territorial units. Committee ensures that problems which arise out of relationships among various units can be solved by group decisions.
Group decision making provides opportunities for free discussion and exchange of ideas, problems, proposals, and solutions. This creates better understanding of each other which helps in coordination.
Technique # 4. Staff Meetings:
Periodic staff meetings can be highly effective in promoting coordination.
Such meetings contribute to achieve coordination in the following ways:
(i) The meetings develop sense of unity among the concerned persons and help in understanding of interconnectedness of the work of the organization as a whole.
(ii) Superior provides information to subordinates about new problems and developments which affect their work.
(iii) Superior may solicit views and cooperation of staff members in the solution of problems.
(iv) Subordinates get opportunity to share information which they possess and is relevant for the unit as well as organization as a whole,
(v) A forum is created in which friction points or areas of inadequate coordination are brought into the open. For holding staff meeting, ‘management by walking around’ method of staff meeting may also be adopted. In this method, managers walk through various departments and hold non-scheduled meetings to overcome the problems of coordination.
Technique # 5. Special Coordinators:
Generally, in large organizations, special coordinators are appointed. They normally work in staff capacity to facilitate the working of line managers. A coordination cell may also be created. The basic responsibility of the cell is to collect the relevant information and to send this to various heads of departments or sections so that inter-departmental work and relationship are coordinated.
In some cases, a particular person is appointed to coordinate the work of a particular nature. For example, in a project, a project coordinator can also be appointed along with various functionaries. His basic function is to coordinate various activities of the project and to keep information about the development of the project.
Technique # 6. Self-Coordination:
Self-coordination involves functioning of each department in such a way that each department coordinates with other departments. Each department, section, or individual affects others and is also affected by others. Therefore, if these departments, sections, or individuals adopt a method of working which facilitates others, self-coordination is achieved. This can be done by better horizontal communication.
However, mere communication does not work unless there is a proper organizational climate in which each one sees the integration of his objectives with organizational objectives and also the benefits of his department with others.
In using various techniques of coordination, managers have to keep two factors in mind- essentials for effective coordination and following the principles of coordination.
Techniques of Co-Ordination in Management – 10 Techniques by Prof. Newman
Prof. Newman suggested ten techniques for securing coordination.
1. Clearly defined goals – The goals of the organisation should be laid down clearly. Every individual in the organisation should understand the overall objectives and the contribution to these objectives by his job.
2. Well-defined authority and responsibility – The line of authority and responsibility should be clearly defined to achieve coordination. This helps to reduce conflicts among different positions. This facilitates substantive co-ordination.
3. Well-defined work procedures – When the work procedures are well-defined and adhered to properly, these help to achieve coordination easily.
4. Simplified organisation – Coordination becomes easier when the organisation is made simple. Such an organisation structure clearly lays down the duties and responsibilities of various positions.
5. Harmonized programs and policies – The plans prepared and policies framed at various levels should be in conformity with the overall plans of the concern.
6. Effective Communication – An effective system of communication is the key to proper co-ordination. In order to ensure that the policy decisions, programs etc. are conveyed to all levels, modern system of communication is essential. Personal contacts should also be encouraged.
7. Provisions of check and inspection – There should be provisions of check and inspection to know what is happening in the organisation. They help to correct those factors which create problems in co-ordination.
8. Cooperation – Coordination must be accompanied by cooperation. Co-operation can be obtained by encouraging informal contacts, participation in management, and using committees for exchange of ideas and views at the top level.
9. Effective leadership and supervision – Coordination can be achieved through effective leadership and supervision. Effective leadership ensures co-ordination both at the planning and the implementing stages.
10. Proper organisational climate – Organisational climate refers to the work environment that prevails in the organisation. If this is developed properly, much of co-ordination problems will not emerge.
Techniques of Co-Ordination in Management
1. Co-ordination of Command – The manager or superior directs or commands his workers to control their efforts by balancing accountability and operating time.
2. Group Meetings – The managers and other officials meet to discuss common problems of organisation and the top management will provide solutions for smooth working.
3. Co-ordination through leadership and delegation.
4. Hierarchy – One boss will co-ordinate the activities down the line as a measure of control.
5. Liaison – A PRO or Liaison officer will co-ordinate and activate the functions of various departments and facilitate control of activities.
6. Incentives – This is a positive control measure and co-ordination process by which the incentives are given as and when the achievements happen.
Other Techniques – Co-ordinations, as measure of control, will be achieved voluntarily by informal contacts among people, by providing for interpersonal and inter-department contacts, making provision for unforeseen happenings, conducting frequent committee meeting to solve problems, creating a climate of mutual trust and collaboration and indoctrinating organisational members with goals and mission of the organisation.
Techniques of Coordination in Management – 2 Popular Techniques: Oral and Written Techniques
1. Oral Techniques (Tools):
i. Regular staff meetings
ii. Problem review meetings
iii. General organisational meetings and information meetings
iv. Technical meetings
v. Task-force meetings
vi. Routine meetings of manager-workers
vii. The Grapevine
viii. Special co-ordination activities.
2. Written Techniques (Tools):
i. Written objectives and management philosophy
ii. Organisation charts
iii. Documented plans
iv. Operating and policy manuals
v. Programme instructions, work packages, work orders
vi. Memos, reports, letters, bulletins
vii. Minutes of meetings
viii. Designs and Drawings
Co-ordination, as a tool of control technique, monitors the tasks and operations without the knowledge of employees. Continuous supervision of work through co-ordination itself is a strong control measure.
Besides co-ordination of activities which serves as a-general control measure, “Budgetary control” devices including budgets such as production budget, cash budget, capital budget, sales budget etc., play a major role in controlling the plan activities. Non-budgetary control devices such as managerial statistics, break-even analysis, internal audit, cost accounting etc. also act as effective tools of control system. | <urn:uuid:05468bf3-d086-41de-88c2-731d20f004a0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/management/techniques-of-coordination-in-management/20463 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100287.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201120231-20231201150231-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.936699 | 5,530 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Genetic test helps ponies leave the past behind
For the past several decades, Shetland ponies’ collective past had caught up with them. A portion of the population of these miniature horses is affected by atavism, a phenomenon in which ancient characteristics are accidentally revived by mutations. Traits reincarnated in this way sometimes interact disastrously with the genetic background of the modern organism. For the ponies, a type of skeletal atavism (SA) has tragic consequences: the affected animals are born with some of the bones in their legs fused together, resulting in leg deformity and difficulty moving. Over ten percent of the ponies are carriers, and most affected individuals have to be euthanized at a young age. In an article in the July issue of G3, researchers report not only the cause of this condition, but also a genetic test that can be applied to breeding programs immediately.
The researchers first attempted a genome-wide association study, which looks for statistical associations between a disease and variation at a region of the genome, but this approach failed to detect the mutation responsible for SA. To dig a little deeper, they then resequenced the whole genomes of six affected ponies and compared them to the genomes of a pool of control horses—stallions that had at least 50 registered offspring, none of which had SA. They found that the SA-affected ponies suffered from at least one of two partially overlapping deletion mutations, which they labeled Del-1 and Del-2.
These deletions were in sequences unassigned in the Thoroughbred horse reference genome assembly (EquCab2.0), which explains why the genome-wide association study originally failed to find them. These mutations fell in the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes, a stretch of DNA with a high GC and repeat content that makes it notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble—even in the human genome, about 600 kilobases remain unassembled. The region is very fragmented in the EquCab2.0 genome assembly, and the researchers’ attempts at de novo assembly using short sequence reads from the SA-affected ponies’ genomes also failed.
To circumvent this problem, they used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, which enabled them to sequence longer stretches of DNA and pinpoint the deletions to the gene SHOX and the downstream gene CRLF2. Both Del-1 and Del-2 mutants were missing the region downstream of the gene SHOX, which includes the gene CRLF2, but Del-1 mutants were also missing the entire coding region SHOX. Taking into account their functions alone, either gene could plausibly be involved in the deformity. Among the genes’ many roles, CRLF2 is involved in bone metabolism and SHOX is developmentally regulated and activates transcription in cells that develop into bones.
Although both mutations completely deleted CRLF2, the researchers hypothesize that the effects on SHOX function are the mostly likely cause of SA—whether through deletion of the entire gene or loss of regulatory elements its downstream region. The apparent role of SHOX in humans supports this idea. In humans, haploinsufficiency or deficiency of SHOX is associated with limb deformities, and a 47 kilobase deletion downstream of SHOX is responsible for the skeletal disease Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis as well as idiopathic short stature. While the results don’t suggest a cure for these human conditions, they did allow the researchers to develop a genetic test for SA in ponies, which—if applied—could allow this crippling condition to be bred out immediately.
Rafati, N.; Andersson, L.; Mikko, S.; Feng, C.; Raudsepp, T.; Pettersson, J.; Janecka, J.; Wattle, O.; Ameur, A.; Thyreen, G.; Eberth, J.; Huddleston, J.; Malig, M.; Bailey, E.; Eichler, E.; Dalin, G.; Chowdary, B.; Anderssson, L.; Lindgren, G.; Rubin, C. Large Deletions at the SHOX Locus in the Pseudoautosomal Region Are Associated with Skeletal Atavism in Shetland Ponies.
G3, 6(7), 2213-2223. | <urn:uuid:c51fe6b5-2ba7-4f27-acf3-40b5193db7e0> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://genestogenomes.org/genetic-test-helps-ponies-leave-the-past-behind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494125.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220003821-20190220025821-00116.warc.gz | en | 0.930171 | 899 | 3.34375 | 3 |
This genus consists of annual and perennial ground covers that have slender stems and bronzish-green leaves that are neat and shiny. If grown indoors, make sure to keep moist during the winter and fertilize with a balanced fertilizer each month. If grown outdoors, do so in partial shade.
Google Plant Images: click here!
Size: Height: 0.5 ft. to 0.75 ft.
Width: 1.5 ft. to 2 ft.
Plant Category: ground covers, houseplants,
Plant Characteristics: prostrate,
Foliage Characteristics: medium leaves, evergreen,
Bloomtime Range: not applicable
USDA Hardiness Zone: 10 to 11
AHS Heat Zone: 12 to 12
Light Range: Dappled to Part Sun
pH Range: 5 to 6.5
Soil Range: Sandy Loam to Potting Soil
Water Range: Normal to Moist
FertilizingHow-to : Fertilizing Houseplants
Houseplants may be fertilized with: 1. water-soluble, quick release fertilizers; 2. temperature controlled slow-release fertilizers; 3. or organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion. Water soluble fertilizers are used every two weeks or per label instructions. Controlled, slow-release fertilizers are carefully worked into the soil usually only once during the growing season or per label directions. For organic fertilizers, such as fish emulsion, follow label directions. Allow houseplants to 'rest' during the winter months; stop fertilizing in late October and resume feeding in late February.
LightConditions : Partial Shade
Partial Shade is defined as filtered light found beneath trees with high limbs. Partial shade usually offers some protection from direct afternoon sun.
Conditions : Bright Light for Houseplants
Houseplants requiring bright light should be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window.
WateringConditions : Moist and Well Drained
Moist and well drained means exactly what it sounds like. Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away. Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week. Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and water holding or draining capacity. A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non-mulched plants.
PlantingHow-to : Planting Perennials
Determine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day, exposure, water requirements, climate, soil makeup, seasonal color desired, and position of other garden plants and trees.
The best times to plant are spring and fall, when soil is workable and out of danger of frost. Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring. Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas, allowing full establishment before first winter. Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants, unless planting a more established sized plant.
To plant container-grown plants: Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and space between. Water the plant thoroughly and let the excess water drain before carefully removing from the container. Carefully loosen the root ball and place the plant in the hole, working soil around the roots as you fill. If the plant is extremely root bound, separate roots with fingers. A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay, but should be kept to a minimum. Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly, protecting from direct sun until stable.
To plant bare-root plants: Plant as soon as possible after purchase. Prepare suitable planting holes, spread roots and work soil among roots as you fill in. Water well and protect from direct sun until stable.
To plant seedlings: A number of perennials produce self-sown seedlings that can be transplanted. You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting. Prepare suitable planting holes, spacing appropriately for plant development. Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel, and replant it immediately, firming soil with fingertips and water well. Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable.
How-to : Repot
Now is the right time to repot. | <urn:uuid:90cd6239-c6b8-4c0b-b389-c2da29e65b6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/hemigraphis-hemigraphis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305494.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220128104113-20220128134113-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.920929 | 960 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The United States reported its warmest spring since records began in 1895,…
… with 31 states in the eastern two-thirds of the country observing record warmth. The national temperature was 2.9°C (5.2°F) above its long-term average, surpassing the previous record by 1.1°C (2.0°F).
Here’s the May Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly:
Figure from NOAA, State of the Climate Global Analysis, May 2012.Note in particular the land temperatures.
Well, not to panic. We can easily adjust to the temperature changes. Just change what we’re planting and where. And crank up the air conditioning. Or will it be so easy? From WSJ:
A year after historic flooding brought the Mississippi River up to record levels, the severe drought hitting the central U.S. has caused water levels along parts of the waterway to plummet, disrupting barge traffic from Cairo, Ill., to Natchez, Miss.
Barge operators have sharply reduced their loads to get through tightening river passages. They say major rain is needed soon or they would have to reduce commerce even more, causing shipment delays and driving up transportation costs. With forecasts showing little prospect of significant rain, hydrologists see no relief in sight for the giant inland waterway that also includes the Ohio River.
Some river ports have been forced to close temporarily or shut down parts of their operations because of the low water levels. At the port of Rosedale in the Mississippi Delta, port director Robert Maxwell Jr. said water levels are about 50 feet below what they were last year, when flooding shut down the port. If the water falls any lower, there was a “high likelihood” he would have to close, he said. One of the port’s public loading docks is inoperable, with equipment normally in the water now hanging the air. The Army Corps of Engineers is supposed to come this week to dredge, where heavy equipment is used to dig out sediment from waterways to make them passable for shipping.
“This is absolutely not normal,” Mr. Maxwell said.
Crops are also being hit hard .
Here is a meta-analysis of the scientific consensus on the reasons why global climate change is happening.
Forecast temperatures for Madison, WI are for 99 degrees tomorrow. And the day after. Which wouldn’t be so strange except for the many other days we’ve been in that range over the past months.
Update, 15/7, 12:27pm: Scary reading, for a Californian in Wisconsin, from Wisconsin State Journal,” Ask the Weather Guys: How does our recent heat wave stack up against past events?”:
Q: How does our recent heat wave stack up against past events?
A: Now that the latest heat wave has finally broken (though perhaps not for long) it is of interest to consider how it rates alongside other memorable heat waves. First of all, each day from July 4-6, 2012, Madison’s high temperature was over 100 degrees Fahrenheit with the 104 degrees on July 5 ranking as third highest of all time.
Moreover, we set record high temperatures for five consecutive days from July 2-6. The last time a three-day streak of temperatures over 100 F occurred here was July 1936. During that heat wave, Madison set its all-time high temperature record of 107 degrees (on July 13, 1936) while the state record of 114 degrees was set that day at Wisconsin Dells. During that July 1936 heat wave, 14 states set their all-time high temperature records — incredible!
From June 27-July 9 we had 12 of 13 days with a high temperature of 90 degrees or greater, with an embedded streak of 10 days in a row that ended on July 6 (ranking it third all-time after a 15-day streak in July 1901 and a 13-day streak in July 1936). As of July 9, we have had 20 days with a high temperature at or over 90 degrees this year. By the time you read this article, we may have added two more days to that total and will be poised to add a third. The record year for such days was 1988 when 90 degrees was reached 35 times — well beyond the average of 13. By July 9, 1988, we had had only 13 such days so we are well ahead of the pace for 90 degrees days set in that record year.
In a monthly report to be released Monday, the National Climatic Data Center is expected to announce that this year’s drought now ranks among the ten largest drought areas in the past century.
Preliminary data computed from the Palmer Drought Severity Index shows that 54.6 percent of the contiguous 48 states was in drought at the end of June, the highest percentage since December 1956, and the sixth-highest peak percentage on record.
Monday’s State of the Climate drought report from NCDC is expected to show that since 1895, only the extraordinary droughts of the 1930s and 1950s have covered more land area than the current drought.
And by a slight margin, the current drought actually covers more area than the famous 1936 drought, though other droughts in the Dust Bowl years – particularly the extreme drought of 1934 – still rank higher.
However, when excluding areas in “moderate” drought, the historical rankings change a bit. Some historical droughts were extremely intense, but more focused on specific regions rather than sprawling across large swaths of the country.
For example, infamous droughts in 1988, 2000, and 2002 each included over 35% of the country in the “severe” to “extreme” drought categories on the Palmer drought scale. By comparison, severe to extreme drought covers 32.7% in June 2012.
In short, the overall 2012 drought now covers more territory than any drought since the 1950s; but the more severe drought categories don’t cover quite as much land now as did the droughts of 1988 and the early 2000s.
That being said, the 2012 drought still ranks as the 10th-largest severe drought since 1895, even by that stricter definition.
And with July typically being the hottest month of the year, the drought may yet worsen. Note that among the top ten largest “severe” droughts on record, five of them peaked in the months of July and August.
Impact on grains futures are obvious. Here is a picture of CBOT Corn (July 2012) futures, as of 7/13.
Figure from ino.com
Comments are closed. | <urn:uuid:2a1bd26b-71f9-42fe-8b14-6a4580624028> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.economonitor.com/blog/2012/07/may-temperatures-economic-implications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164836485/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134716-00020-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962505 | 1,376 | 2.609375 | 3 |
August 22, 2018 | Written by: Aleksandra Mojsilovic
Share this post:
Concerns about safety, transparency, and bias in AI are widespread, and it is easy to see how they erode trust in these systems. Part of the problem is a lack of standard practices to document how an AI service was created, tested, trained, deployed, and evaluated; how it should operate; and how it should (and should not) be used.
To address this need, my colleagues and I recently proposed the concept of factsheets for AI services. In our paper , we argue that a Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity (SDoC, or factsheet, for short) be completed and voluntarily released by AI service developers and providers to increase the transparency of their services and engender trust in them. Like nutrition labels for foods or information sheets for appliances, factsheets for AI services would provide information about the product’s important characteristics. Standardizing and publicizing this information is key to building trust in AI services across the industry.
Trust in AI services
The issue of trust in AI is top of mind for IBM and many other technology developers and providers. AI-powered systems hold enormous potential to transform the way we live and work but also exhibit some vulnerabilities, such as exposure to bias, lack of explainability, and susceptibility to adversarial attacks. These issues must be addressed in order for AI services to be trusted. At IBM Research we are confronting these issues head-on, with a scientific approach to engineer AI systems for trust. We are developing techniques and algorithms to assess—and address—the foundational elements of trust for AI systems: tools that discover and mitigate bias, expose vulnerabilities, defuse attacks, and unmask the decision-making process.
Pillars of trusted AI
We believe several elements or pillars form the basis for trusted AI systems.
- Fairness: AI systems should use training data and models that are free of bias, to avoid unfair treatment of certain groups.
- Robustness: AI systems should be safe and secure, not vulnerable to tampering or compromising the data they are trained on.
- Explainability: AI systems should provide decisions or suggestions that can be understood by their users and developers.
- Lineage: AI systems should include details of their development, deployment, and maintenance so they can be audited throughout their lifecycle.
Just like a physical structure, trust can’t be built on one pillar alone. If an AI system is fair but can’t resist attack, it won’t be trusted. If it’s secure but we can’t understand its output, it won’t be trusted. To build AI systems that are truly trusted, we need to strengthen all the pillars together. Our comprehensive research and product strategy is designed to do just that, advancing on all fronts to lift the mantle of trust into place.
Factsheets for AI services
Fairness, safety, reliability, explainability, robustness, accountability—we all agree that they are critical. Yet, to achieve trust in AI, making progress on these issues will not be enough; it must be accompanied with the ability to measure and communicate the performance levels of a system on each of these dimensions. One way to accomplish this would be to provide such information via SDoCs or factsheets for AI services. Similar work has begun for datasets [2,3,4], and the SDoC concept expands this to cover all aspects of AI services. Our paper includes initial suggestions, covering information about system operation, training data, underlying algorithms, test set-up and results, performance benchmarks, fairness and robustness checks, intended uses, and maintenance and re-training. Sample questions from a factsheet might include:
- Does the dataset used to train the service have a datasheet or data statement?
- Was the dataset and model checked for biases? If “yes” describe bias policies that were checked, bias checking methods, and results.
- Was any bias mitigation performed on the dataset? If “yes” describe the mitigation method.
- Are algorithm outputs explainable/interpretable? If yes, explain how is explainability achieved (e.g. directly explainable algorithm, local explainability, explanations via examples).
- Who is the target user of the explanation (ML expert, domain expert, general consumer, regulator, etc.)
- Was the service tested on any additional datasets? Do they have a datasheet or data statement?
- Describe the testing methodology.
- Was the service checked for robustness against adversarial attacks? If “yes” describe robustness policies that were checked, checking methods, and results.
- Is usage data from service operations retained/stored/kept?
- What will be expected behavior if the input deviates from training/testing data?
- What kind of governance is employed to track the overall workflow of data to AI service?
The questions are devised to aid users in understanding how the service works, determining whether the service is appropriate for the application they are considering, and comprehending its strengths and limitations.
All together now
Understanding and evaluating AI systems is an issue of utmost importance for the AI community, an issue we believe the industry, academia, and AI practitioners should be working on together. We invite you to join us. As a next step, we will be asking the community to weigh in on what information would be useful in assessing AI services. We welcome your collaboration in developing and refining the AI factsheets concept, thereby ushering the era of trusted AI systems and bootstrapping their broader adoption.
Increasing Trust in AI Services through Supplier’s Declarations of Conformity (submitted to Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAT* 2019)
Datasheets for Datasets
Data Statements for NLP: Toward Mitigating System Bias and Enabling Better Science
The Dataset Nutrition Label: A Framework To Drive Higher Data Quality Standards | <urn:uuid:0010458f-f129-44f8-b3b4-7f2acecefc45> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2018/08/factsheets-ai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057861.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926114012-20210926144012-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.923569 | 1,246 | 2.875 | 3 |
Flashcards in Chapter 3 Deck (15):
defines instances of the targeted response class by the shape of form of the behavior (what the behavior looks like)
effects of an observation and measurement procedure on the behavior being measured
the response class selected for intervention; can be defined either functionally or topographically. what we want to change.
designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely in terms of their common effect on the environment
extent to which behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced
belief that people with disabilities should, to the maximum extent possible, be physically and socially integrated into the mainstream of society regardless of the degree or type of disability
direct, continuous observation. observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced amount of all behaviors of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those events
provides descriptions of specific skills and the conditions under which each skills should be observed
a full range of inquiry methods to identify probable antecedent and consequent controlling variables
a behavior that has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the idiosyncratic change itself because it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses, and stimulus controls
Relevance of behavioral rule
only behaviors likely to produce reinforcement in the person's natural environment should be targeted for change
assessment that acknowledges the interrelationships between environment and behavior. obtains data across multiple settings and persons.
a behavior that, when learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other untrained behaviors | <urn:uuid:bd477f4c-e7d5-46d3-9454-4611f4dedef9> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/chapter-3-190843/packs/529368 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864172.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621133636-20180621153636-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.884961 | 322 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Contiguous vs. Continental United States
Learn the Difference Between Two Commonly-Confused Geographical Terms
When you read sweepstakes rules, you'll often find a restriction in the eligibility section that says you must be a resident of the "contiguous United States" or a resident of the "continental United States" to enter. What does this mean, and is there really a difference?
Contiguous United States: Definition
Although the two words look similar, there is an important difference in their geographical meanings. The dictionary definition of "contiguous" refers to two items that are "touching" or "sharing a border," according to Merriam-Webster.
So how do you use contiguous to describe a region? When it comes to the United States, "contiguous" refers to all of the states that touch one another, without another country or a body of water coming between them.
All of the U.S states are contiguous except for two: Alaska and Hawaii. The others are sometimes also referred to as the "lower 48" states or "conterminous" United States.
If the rules of the giveaway say that entry is open to residents of the contiguous United States, they mean that residents of every state except Alaska and Hawaii are allowed to enter. Usually, the District of Columbia is also included, although it is not technically a state. Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories are neither contiguous nor states, so their residents are generally are not allowed to enter under the contiguous U.S. restriction.
Continental United States: Definition
On the other hand, the term "continental U.S." refers to any state on the North American continent. Forty-nine of the U.S. states are found on the continent of North America. Although Canada lies between the contiguous United States and Alaska, they are all on the same continent, so Alaskan residents can enter these sweepstakes, too.
That means that only residents of Hawaii are restricted from entering sweepstakes open to the continental United States. Washington, DC, is also included, though U.S. territories like Puerto Rico usually aren't. Make sure to read the rules carefully to be sure, though.
To Make Things More Confusing: CONUS
To make things even more confusing, the U.S. military and some government agencies use the term "CONUS" to refer to the lower 48 United States. Many people assume that acronym stands for "CONtinental" U.S. when it really stands for "CONtiguous" U.S.
The CONUS acronym might be part of the reason why so many people think that "contiguous" and "continental" mean the same thing when it comes to geographical restrictions.
Why Do Many Sweepstakes Restrict Entry to Residents of the Continental or Contiguous U.S.?
Ever wondered why so many sweepstakes don't allow entry from all states? Sometimes, states are prohibited from entering sweepstakes because they have different regulations about how giveaways are run, but that's not the case when it comes to Alaska and Hawaii.
The reason why so many sweepstakes prohibit entry from residents of Alaska and/or Hawaii comes down to simple logistics: if a winner comes from one of these outlying states, the prize will cost much more.
This is especially true when travel is involved, either when vacations are being given away or when the prize involves something like a celebrity visiting the winner's home. The prices of plane tickets to Alaska and Hawaii can be exorbitant.
Furthermore, shipping large items to Alaska or Hawaii may also be more expensive than the sweepstakes sponsor's budget allows
In some cases, it could also be that the sponsor doesn't have a presence in one of the outlying states. A gift card to a restaurant on the mainland, for example, might not benefit a Hawaiian winner.
For these reasons, sponsors may choose to simply concentrate their sweepstakes efforts on the lower 48 states.
Feeling Left Out?
If you live in Alaska or Hawaii, don't despair. Not only are many sweepstakes open to all 50 states but you can also make up the difference by looking for local sweepstakes, which not only let you enter but which may be easier to win.
A Final Reminder
Even though you now know the difference between the terms, not everyone uses them properly. For example, some sweepstakes whose rules state that they are open to the continental U.S. state later that Alaskan residents are not eligible to enter.
Many sweepstakes also bypass the confusing terms altogether and simply state that Alaskan and Hawaiian residents are restricted.
Be sure to read each sweepstakes' rules carefully to make sure you're not wasting your time with sweepstakes you won't be able to win. | <urn:uuid:6848c639-336e-4410-af0f-e35849f08a06> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.thebalanceeveryday.com/contiguous-versus-continental-us-896930 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668585.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115042541-20191115070541-00351.warc.gz | en | 0.942991 | 978 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Nicaragua Table of Contents
Worker harvesting coffee beans
THE NICARAGUAN ECONOMY has seen no "business as usual" for almost twenty years. From the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s, high rates of growth and investment changed Nicaragua's economy from a traditional agrarian economy dependent on one crop to one with a diversified agricultural sector and a nascent manufacturing component. Beginning in the late 1970s, however, more than a decade and a half of civil war, coupled with a decade of populist economic policies, severely disrupted the Nicaraguan economy. Extraordinary expenses to support the constant fighting, with its incalculable burden upon the population, the environment, and the country's infrastructure, rendered most economic indicators largely meaningless. Add several catastrophic natural disasters-- an earthquake in 1972, a hurricane in 1988, and a drought in 1989--and five years of a total trade embargo by the United States to the effects of the fighting, and it becomes clear why Nicaragua in 1993 vied with Haiti and Guyana as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.
Finding solutions to address the human costs of Nicaragua's wars is the economic challenge facing the government of President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990- ). Those human costs are numerous: the diversion of resources from social programs to the military, loss of agricultural and industrial production, increased misery and widespread hunger, destruction of natural resources and infrastructure, the uprooting of families and communities, and demands for land and resources from internal and returning external refugees. Getting Nicaragua's national economy in order may be the easier part of the challenge. Controlling inflation, adjusting exchange rates, and setting new agricultural and industrial prices and priorities are only first steps. The government faces the even larger problems of endemic poverty and widening environmental deterioration.
The relative optimism of 1990, stemming from the February 1990 election of a politically moderate president and the reconciliation of most armed conflict soon after, seemed to offer a rare opportunity for Nicaragua to build almost from scratch a better future. However, continued political problems and natural disasters in 1991 and 1992 dimmed that initial optimism. The goal of revitalizing Nicaragua's economy in an era of fragile democracy and increasingly scarce resources remained the country's greatest problem in 1993.
Data as of December 1993 | <urn:uuid:cd8f705d-6b6c-43e6-8483-cf4f6da6e892> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9234.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103640328.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629150145-20220629180145-00730.warc.gz | en | 0.931337 | 467 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Hudson Bay polar bear numbers increase
Slight gain over 2004 numbers despite warnings of possible population decline due to climate change
A recent aerial survey of Western Hudson Bay polar bears shows the population has increased slightly to about 1,000 animals, according to the Government of Nunavut.
In 2004, a mark-recapture survey done near Churchill, Man., estimated the Western Hudson Bay population at 935 bears, down from 1194 in 1988. A 2006 study hypothesized that if the climate continued to warm, the polar bear population would decline.
The latest survey used planes and helicopters to cover ground from Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut, south to the Ontario border.
Drikus Gissing, director of wildlife with the Government of Nunavut, said the new numbers vindicate the Nunavut government's recent decision to increase the area’s bear hunting quota. He also said it’s a clear recognition of the value of Inuit Traditional Knowledge.
"If I could convey one message here, it's that polar bears are not endangered," he said. "And this confirms it. They are not endangered. There are concerns about the effects of global warming, but they are not endangered."
Nunavut Tunngavik is also commending the results, as predictions of reduced polar bear numbers were used to draw attention to climate change, but it says no changes were made to reduce the causes or impacts of climate change while harvesting quotas were affected.
"We are quite happy," said James Eetoolook, vice-president of Nunavut Tunngavik. "The western science was predicting the polar bear in the Western Hudson Bay was declining, but again, Inuit proved them they were wrong." | <urn:uuid:08247a74-b6a0-4bad-acc3-0fc5f47d0df7> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/hudson-bay-polar-bear-numbers-increase-1.1268164 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655882051.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200703122347-20200703152347-00563.warc.gz | en | 0.954954 | 359 | 3.265625 | 3 |
On December 21st, 1937 the classic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released as the first Disney Princess movie. That was a very, very, very long time ago before Disneyland was even opened! And think, the first Disney Princess. That’s a big deal!
What Snow White is All About
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was based on the book that was written by The Brothers Grimm, in 1812. In the movie, Snow White’s mom dies, and her father marries her evil stepmother. Then, Snow White’s father dies, leaving Snow White with her evil stepmother. The evil stepmother sends out a huntsman to take Snow White into the forest to kill her. However, the huntsman lets Snow White go, and she wanders to a friendly looking cottage that the seven dwarfs live in. Then, the rest of the story unfolds, giving Snow White her happy ending. (Don’t wanna spoil it all for you!)
Let’s list off some fun facts about the movie. The movie first aired at Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angles. Another cool fact is, there were originally fifty names for the seven dwarfs, including Dizzy, Cranky, and Scrappy. But, Disney finally settled on Doc, Dopey, Sneezy, Bashful, Grumpy, Sleepy, and Happy. (My favorite dwarf is Dopey.) I just learned this fun fact, and it’s really interesting. So, the fun fact is that there was supposed to be a song for the film called, “Music in Your Soup”. But, as you should know, that song never made it into the movie. Now, this fun fact is my favorite. Walt Disney was inspired to do a retelling of Snow White after he saw a silent film version when he was fifteen.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs the film was obviously a hit because the profits from the movie allowed Walt to build Disney Studios… and who knows? This movie could have been what kept Walt Disney famous. All I know is thank God for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. | <urn:uuid:5fbd72b4-a7ec-44eb-a488-672daa73c07b> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://adollopofdisney.com/2018/01/17/disney-kids-snow-white-80th-anniversary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202572.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20190321213516-20190321235516-00185.warc.gz | en | 0.965591 | 447 | 2.765625 | 3 |
In the centre of the royal emblem of Saudi Arabia, there is a palm tree above crossed swords. To the West, the palm is as much a symbol of Islam as the crescent and star, and this is not unreasonable: just as the olive was a basic element in Mediterranean civilizations, so was the date an economic element in those of Islam.
The date is not, of course; the only palm. This very simple and primitive tree family is divided into more than 100 genera, variously adapted, of which many others are useful to man, in particular the coconut palm, the sago palm, the "dragon's blood palm" and the African palm - which produces the oil for a famous soap of the same name. For most of those trees, however, Arabia is too dry. It is the date palm which is the palm tree throughout the peninsula, and even further. Spreading out from the Middle East, date palms were carried far and wide by Muslim traders and travelers, until today they grow in every Islamic country whose climate is dry enough.
Dates, however, go much further back in time. Remains of dates have been found on a number of neolithic sites, particularly in Syria and Egypt. This means that they were being eaten by man as much as 7,000 to 8,000 years ago, although we have no proof that they were cultivated that early. In the third millennium B.C., however, cultivated dates are spoken of with veneration in the Gilgamesh Epic, the extraordinary tale of a quest which ranges from Lebanon to Bahrain: "And did you not love Ishullanu, the gardener of your father's palm grove? He brought you baskets filled with dates without end; every day he loaded your table."
Date palms also appear engraved on seals of that period, sometimes flanked by animals, sometimes by gods and men, and in Assyria, as later in Greece, it was undoubtedly a sacred tree.
The date may have been less revered in Egypt. It is not represented by a basic hieroglyphic symbol and there are fewer pictures of it than one might expect. Furthermore, the Greek historian Herodotus, who wrote a lively and informative account of the country and customs of Egypt in the middle of the fifth century B.C., says nothing of the cultivation of date palms, although he gives many details on other crops. We do know, however, that date palms existed very early, partly from archaeological evidence and partly from column capitals clearly carved to represent date palms - for example the granite pillars, dating from about 2,500 B. C, of the funerary temple of King Sahure at Abusir, now in the Cairo Museum.
Besides its beauty, the date palm's vital importance to the pre modern economy of Arabia - and indeed to early life on the peninsula - makes it unsurprising that it should be frequently mentioned in the Koran. There is a particularly beautiful reference in the surah entitled Mary. After the annunciation, we are told: "Thereupon she conceived, and retired to a far off place. And when she felt the pangs of childbirth she lay down by the trunk of a palm tree, crying: 'O, would that I had died and passed into oblivion.'
"But a voice from above cried out to her: 'Do not despair. Your Lord has provided a brook which runs at your feet, and if you shake the trunk of this palm tree it will drop fresh ripe dates into your lap. Therefore rejoice. Eat and drink. And should you meet any mortal say to him: "I have vowed a fast to the Merciful One and will not speak to any man today""'
The Prophets Mosque, built at Medina around A.D. 630, was made almost entirely of palms: the columns and beams of the trunks, and the thatching and prayer mats of the leaves. According to one tradition, it was at Medina that the land was first cultivated by the descendants of Noah after the Flood, and it was there that the date was first planted.
Whether that first planting was in Medina or elsewhere, the date palm soon spread to the coasts of Africa, to Spain - where it is still grown in the east, a reminder of the period of Arab domination - and to western Asia. In northern India, however, it is said to have been introduced by the soldiers of Alexander the Great, who spat the stones from their date ration around the camp so that, in the course of time, palm groves grew up. This century the date was introduced into southern California, where is it still cultivated on a limited but productive scale.
But dates are not all that the date palm has produced. From Egypt, Rome took the graceful tree as a decorative motif, especially in mosaics. The Roman examples were rather rough, but soon the design passed to Byzantium, where we find it again and again, in the marvellous mosaics of Ravenna and later, Byzantine Rome. This is hardly surprising, for the palm came to be closely associated with Christianity - hence Palm Sunday and the palm as an attribute of martyrdom. But as an element of design it reaches its finest flowering in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and in the Great Mosque at Damascus, whose splendor can be seen to the present day.
The date palm's strange waxy flowers, stylized into an almost abstract pattern, were also incorporated into architectural design and during the 18th century, when European fashion turned to the Orient, palm flowers became a very popular motif; some are even embroidered in silk on the hem of a splendid dress now in the Metropolitan Museum in New York.
In the Arab world, the date is not simply valued as a dried fruit. Pressed into cakes, it is still used as feed for camels and horses and even dogs in the oases of the Sahara when little else is available.
Date stones can be ground and mixed with other flour to eke it out, and the result is a delicious nutty-tasting bread still available in Hofuf. Alternatively, the provident Bedouin, especially in Najd, saved the stones from his dates to soak and feed to his animals when grazing was scarce. Palm hearts are a well known delicacy and the young leaves can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
In Arabia, the dates by themselves were once an important sweetening element and are still often eaten with coffee to contrast with its bitterness; syrup pressed from dates is also eaten. There are also sweets based on dates, particularly the dates stuffed with marzipan or walnuts popular in the eastern Mediterranean countries.
For the nomad, the date meant survival. It is a good food, of very high nutritive value and - as Westerners know well - keeps almost forever when dried. The date has a further property: a sugar content so high - up to 80 percent - that it inhibits most germs and so provides a healthy food, unlike much fresh fruit which, in the tropics, is apt to spread disease. The sap of a related species of palm, Phoenix sylvestris, can also be drunk fresh. It is sweet and refreshing, not unlike sugarcane juice. Fermented, it becomes intoxicating and hence forbidden to Muslims, the Prophet setting the limit of three days' fermentation before the drink is considered to be unlawful. Interestingly, three days is also about the time required for the fermenting palm juice to become toxic and dangerous to the health, especially to vision.
The date palm also provides wood for building. Although not very hard, it does well enough in a dry climate: pieces of carved palm wood from old houses can still be found in the markets of al-Khobar, Riyadh, Jiddah and other cities in Saudi Arabia. The wood was also used for some parts of dhows, the hard and valuable teak from India being reserved for the parts exposed to rougher weather. Palm fronds, on the other hand, are useful for thatching roofs and making baskets, mats and numerous other household articles. One of the most attractive of these is the container made of the midribs of the leaves, which can be found packed full of fresh dates at any Middle Eastern market in late summer. Each area has slightly different baskets - those in Dammam, for example, are often colored red. Any parts of the date palm not used in other ways are, naturally, used as fuel. Slow-burning palm-wood chips were thought especially suitable for making coffee.
Insects are the primary pollinator of the date palm in much of its range. But since Arabia does not have a wide variety of insect species, this natural pollination does not ensure the best possible crop: hand pollination is necessary. This process can still be seen in Arabia in the spring. When the fruit begins to form, the spathes are commonly tied up in paper bags to protect them from the insects and birds - for example the famous green ring-necked parakeets, who for many years have pillaged the dates of Dhahran and who can destroy the crop of a whole tree - about 50 pounds - in a few days.
Many other species of birds, bulbuls especially, like to nest in date palms and often use palm fibres as nesting material. And the palms of the oases, in their carefully spaced ranks, also provide the sole shelter for all kinds of ground crops that grow in their blue-green shade - as alfalfa and vegetables do in al-Hasa.
If, in the East, the date palm was enormously useful, in the West it was glamorous. Even its botanical name, Phoenix dactylifera, refers to myth. The phoenix, of course, is the legendary bird, inhabitant of Arabia, of which only one was said to exist. When after 500 years it felt itself about to die, it sought out Shakespeare's "sole Arabian tree," generally thought to be the palm, built itself a pyre of dragon's blood, frankincense and myrrh - all Arabian products - laid a single egg and then set fire to its nest. From the ashes arose the new phoenix. This legend excited the imaginations of East and West, and both European and Arab naturalists and encyclopedia writers speculated at length upon the nature of this mysterious bird. There were even reports of its being sighted.
Less romantically, the generic name Phoenix was probably given to mark the date seed's ability to lie dormant for years - even decades - before germinating when conditions are favorable. Dadylifem means "datemaker"; our word "date" comes from the Greek daktylos meaning date - or finger.
Since the date palm is clearly so basic to Arab life, it is hardly surprising that there should be numerous words to describe its varieties and the stages of its development. Different varieties of dates are distinguished and appreciated by connoisseurs much as we make distinctions between Cox Orange Pippins, Golden Delicious, and Granny Smiths. In North Africa - where dates were introduced by the Arabs - a story is told about one particularly prized variety known as "The Date of Light."
It is said that an old lady named Tuaja went on a visit to Medina and there in the courtyard of the house of Aishah, the Prophet's wife - where, according to tradition, a date palm grew - she picked up some date stones. She was very moved by finding the descendants of the fruit eaten by the Prophet himself and so she threaded the date stones into a string of prayer beads. In the course of time she returned to her home town and, filled with piety after her pilgrimage, longed to study the Koran and the Traditions. The learned men of the city, however, laughed at her, saying she was a poor, ignorant old woman and not worthy of their teaching. She resigned herself to their unkindness and not only performed the prescribed prayers with great regularity, but spent all her spare time sitting with her back to the mosque wall praying, with her date stone beads in her hand. The years passed and she died. As she was carried to the burial ground, her chaplet broke and her date stones were scattered. They were valueless and no one troubled to pick them up, but the following year a number of date sprouts were seen, and within seven years the palms were bearing the most delicious dates ever eaten in North Africa. Some said they were called "The Date of Light" because the trees themselves shone, others because it was known they had first come from al-Madinah' al-Munawwarah, "The Radiant City."
Paul Lunde is a graduate of the London School of Oriental and African Studies and a staff writer for Aramco World Magazine. | <urn:uuid:65410b08-c769-4653-957d-cda6e7cc0abf> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197802/a.history.of.dates.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011085177/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091805-00003-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976797 | 2,622 | 3.296875 | 3 |
“Literacy is a bridge from misery to hope. It is a tool for daily life in modern society . . . For everyone, everywhere, literacy is, along with education in general, a basic human right…. Literacy is the road to human progress and the means through which every man, woman and child can realise his or her full potential.” Kofi Annan
Here at Wilmington Academy, we believe strongly in the importance of literacy. Our mission is to see every student graduate with the ability to be literate in reading, writing, speaking and listening. Our policy covers five key areas:
- Every student can become an engaged and able capable reader.
- Every student can become an ABLE writer.
- Every student can become a phonetic speller.
- Every student can become an articulate speaker.
- All students can overcome barriers to literacy.
We address these key skills and goals through a variety of programmes and initiatives. This has helped our students achieve great success in improving their literacy skills.
Units of Sound
As the Fresh Start Programme is only available to Year 7 students, Units of Sound was introduced in September 2012 to provide students in Year 8 to Post-16 with the opportunity to develop their Reading and Spelling through phonics, while also developing their ability to learn independently.
Tutor Time Literacy
Throughout the Year, the Academy tutor time programme includes opportunities to develop student literacy.
There is a termly Spelling Bee where students across the academy have tutor time competitions to see who is the strongest speller in their tutor group. This student then goes on to compete in either the Apollo or Minerva Spelling Bee finals, held in the LRC.
There is also an annual Readathon competition, where all students and staff read as many books as they can in a two week period. Each page they read is worth a certain number of points and these points are added up to a group score at the end of the competition. The tutor group with the most points wins a prize to put towards an activity of their choice.
“After nourishment, shelter and companionship, stories are the thing we need most in the world.” Philip Pullman | <urn:uuid:937a40b3-782a-4a13-94e4-0d54a4c89215> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://wilmingtonacademy.org.uk/academy-life/literacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153474.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20210727170836-20210727200836-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.960685 | 450 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Rapid eLearning development refers to the development of eLearning using rapid authoring tools. Using these tools, training managers and instructional designers can transform learning content into instructionally sound eLearning material within a short duration.
Knowledge of rapid authoring tools helps instructional designers in designing effective eLearning courses. Here is a presentation that talks about the benefits of rapid eLearning development with reference to instructional design as a part of training strategy. Additionally, it also provides some of the best practices in design for rapid eLearning development.
Training managers and instructional designers who would like to foray into the world of rapid eLearning development will find this presentation useful.
Download the presentation now!
Subscribe to Our Blogs
Get CommLab's latest eLearning articles straight to your inbox. Enter your email address below: | <urn:uuid:49ecf526-d971-4e5b-b121-ead6365116dc> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://blog.commlabindia.com/elearning-development/get-started-rapid-elearning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660760.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00072-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90042 | 162 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Drip irrigation is a system of delivering water directly to the roots of a plant through low-pressure, low-volume methods. This efficient irrigation technique conserves water and greatly reduces watering times. This versatile and innovative watering solution is being utilized in home gardens, vineyards, farms and rooftop gardens all over the world. About Drip Irrigation Unlike traditional via
How does a drip irrigation system work?
With drip irrigation, water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system to the fields, where it drips slowly onto the soil through emitters or drippers which are located close to the plants. The small amount of water reduces weed growth and limits the leaching of plant nutrients down in the soil. via
What is drip irrigation in short answer?
Drip irrigation is a method of crop irrigation that involves a controlled delivery of water to plants through system of pipes, valves, tubing and emitters. Water drips constantly onto plants to keep them well watered. Drip irrigation is also called trickle irrigation. via
What is drip irrigation system used for?
Drip irrigation can help you use water efficiently. A well-designed drip irrigation system loses practically no water to runoff, deep percolation, or evaporation. Drip irrigation reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruit. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the onset of diseases. via
What is drip irrigation and what are its benefits?
Drip irrigation is the most efficient water and nutrient delivery system for growing crops. It delivers water and nutrients directly to the plant's roots zone, in the right amounts, at the right time, so each plant gets exactly what it needs, when it needs it, to grow optimally. via
What are the disadvantages of drip irrigation?
Clogging – Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of drip irrigation is that the small holes along the drip lines can get clogged. Clogging is extra likely if your water contains iron. If not properly maintained, your drip line holes can clog and prevent the flow of water. via
What are the two main types of drip irrigation?
In principle, there are two types of drip irrigation:
What is an example of drip irrigation?
The reason that a drip irrigation system is so effective is that it delivers water directly to the plant's root zone. For example, if a sprinkler is used to water grape vines, then the water could sit on the leaves during the hottest part of the day. via
Which is the heart of drip irrigation system?
Filter: It is the heart of drip irrigation. A filter unit cleans the suspended impurities in the irrigation water so as to prevent blockage of holes and passage of drip nozzles. The type of filtration needed depends on water quality and emitter type. via
What are the main advantages of drip irrigation system?
The advantages of drip irrigation are: Fertilizer and nutrient loss is minimized due to a localized application and reduced leaching. Water application efficiency is high if managed correctly. Field leveling is not necessary. via
Why is drip irrigation expensive?
Drip irrigation systems cost more when they are installed on 'grid spacing' that involves more dense coverage and more infrastructure. Spot emitters that tap into existing lines are less expensive to install and take less time for construction. via
How many emitters can I put on a drip line?
How Many Emitters are Needed? 1 or 2 emitters per plant, depending on the size of the plant. Trees and large shrubs may need more. Obviously, using two allows for a backup if one clogs up (which happens now and then, even on the best designed and maintained drip systems.) via
Why is drip irrigation bad?
Improper drip irrigation installation often culminates into poor root development and dieback. For example, looping your tubing too wide or installing a small quantity of water emitters creates drought conditions where roots continually grow – they may resort to shallow growth to find moisture and die back. via
What is the advantage of drip irrigation Class 7?
It helps conserve water. It provides water directly to the roots and thus ensures maximum absorption of water by the roots. via
Which is more important in drip irrigation?
Here's why plants are more productive with drip irrigation: High availability of water and nutrients. Doses of water and nutrients tailored to plant's development needs. No saturation and good soil aeration. via
Is a drip irrigation system worth it?
At the end of the day, installing a drip water system for your garden is an effective way to create a healthier garden without sacrificing the environment. While it might not be the best fit for every home, it's a great option for smaller gardens and those who want to go the extra mile for water conservation. via
How long do you run a drip system?
When a drip system is installed, it should be designed so it has the flexibility to change the amount of emitters and the location of the emitters in the landscape. Each emitter should give you at least a 30-minute run time without runoff. Trees may also need more drip irrigation adjustments as they mature. via
Why farmers are not using drip irrigation?
The data reveals that 94% of farmers are not using the drip irrigation system because of some reasons like High cost of installation, Operation problem, Less durable, Problem in installation of drip system, have not enough knowledge, Long gestation, Fear about system clogging among the farmers, Problems in usage of via | <urn:uuid:61201d7a-aedb-44f2-b70f-3eacf72dc0b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://backyardanswer.com/what-is-a-drip-irrigation-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103328647.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627043200-20220627073200-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.937881 | 1,120 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Becoming a Digital Citizen
Children at Our Lady of Dolours School live and work in a high tech world. More importantly, they will become the leaders of tomorrow. They will work in jobs that have not been invented yet. They will make their contribution to the world through a multitude of different technologies.
The Australian Curriculum states:
Information and communication technologies are fast and automated, interactive and multimodal, and they support the rapid communication and representation of knowledge to many audiences and its adaptation in different contexts. They transform the ways that students think and learn and give them greater control over how, where and when they learn.
This site is designed to support teachers, parents and learners with information, tips and ideas to guide students in developing ICT capability, that will help them access, create and communicate information and ideas, solve problems and work collaboratively in all learning areas at school, and in their lives beyond school. | <urn:uuid:1649c562-d633-4b3f-91c0-8f1c9a80e585> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://dolours.edublogs.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471983577646.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823201937-00199-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962773 | 188 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The endangered southern resident killer whale population isn’t getting enough to eat, and hasn’t been since 2018, a new University of British Columbia (UBC) study has determined.
The animals have been in an energy deficit, averaged across spring, summer and fall, for six of the last 40 years—meaning the energy they get from food is less than what they expend. Three of those six years came in the most recent years of the study, 2018 to 2020. The average difference in energy is 28,716 calories, or about 17 percent of the daily required energy for an average adult killer whale, the authors say.
“With the southern resident population at such a low level, there’s a sense of urgency to this kind of research,” says lead author Fanny Couture, a doctoral student at the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries (IOF) and Ocean Wise. “Both killer whales and Chinook salmon, the southern resident’s main prey, are important, iconic species for the west coast of Canada. Studying what is happening to the population may help offer solutions, both for the southern residents and potentially other killer whale populations in the future.”
The southern resident population, which feeds mainly on Chinook salmon, numbered 73 individuals as of October 2021, compared with the increasing northern resident population of about 300. Studies have posited that the growth of the southern resident population may be impeded by a lack of food.
The researchers analyzed how changes in the abundance, age and size of Chinook, coho and chum populations that the southern residents prey on in the Salish Sea and at the west coast of Vancouver Island influenced the daily food consumption of the killer whales from 1970 to 2020 for three seasons each year.
The study used estimated declines in Chinook salmon abundance and size to show that lower availability of these fish has likely resulted in killer whale energy deficits. “The years where southern residents were in an energy deficit are also years where other studies report lower population growth rate and higher mortality rates for the killer whales,” says co-author Dr. Villy Christensen, professor at IOF.
Previous research has shown correlations between Chinook salmon abundance and southern resident survival rate and fertility. The decline in Chinook salmon abundance could be attributed to many factors, says Couture, including the effects of climate change, greater susceptibility to disease, and predation by other animals.
The model also projected that southern residents would consume more chum salmon than Chinook during years where Chinook were at low levels, showing the animals could switch to other salmon species when the abundance of their primary prey declines.
Senior author Dr. Carl Walters, professor emeritus at IOF, said commercial fisheries for Chinook salmon in Canada were reduced in the late 1990s following observations of declining abundance. “Those declines have continued despite severe fisheries reductions, and one very likely candidate for causing them is the massive increase in abundance of Steller sea lions since the mid-1980s; those sea lions now consume more fish than all the BC commercial fisheries for all species, combined.”
Nonetheless, the dire situation for southern resident killer whales may call for a reduction in the catch of larger Chinook salmon, which are predictors of whether the southern residents fall short energy-wise, said Dr. Christensen. This could include promoting fishing techniques that increase the survival of larger fish.
Other factors that could be influencing the availability of prey for the southern residents include underwater noise pollution from boats that could affect foraging, Couture says. This could be an area for future research. Researchers could also apply their model to the northern resident population to determine if they too have an energy deficit.
The model did not include winter, as it’s unclear where southern residents are during the season. The study was published in PLOS ONE.
Lead Image: A southern resident killer whale. Credit: NOAA, Ocean Wise.
What you can do
Support ‘Fighting for Wildlife’ by donating as little as $1 – It only takes a minute. Thank you.
Fighting for Wildlife supports approved wildlife conservation organizations, which spend at least 80 percent of the money they raise on actual fieldwork, rather than administration and fundraising. When making a donation you can designate for which type of initiative it should be used – wildlife, oceans, forests or climate.
Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:161fb204-83bc-47e8-ad31-675764ec76c0> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://focusingonwildlife.com/news/southern-resident-killer-whales-have-not-been-getting-enough-to-eat-since-2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644907.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529173312-20230529203312-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.952092 | 900 | 3.0625 | 3 |
I want to share a lesson that a rst grade teacher and I did a little beforeHalloween this past year. It worked quite well. As part of her curriculum Mrs. Stasys gave students a
binder that includes poems that the student will read throughout the year. They gather together onthe rug once a day and read the chosen poem aloud. They read the same poem every day for one
week so their uency and expression skills are honed. The teacher and I decided to take this one
step further- we wanted each child to record their own rendition of the poem. This gives them more
incentive to learn to speak with expression and in a natural rhythm when reading a text. Below is thelesson in as succinct of terms as I can provide. Here is a link to our nished product. Note that you
can rely heavily on the two video links to teach the students how to log in and create their characters.I think this will save you a lot of time.
Make your own voki rst so that you understand exactly how it works. Tip: You could record
yourself and create a voki that tells the students about the project to model it for them and to get
them excited for it.
2. Locate a fun poem (maybe use one with a holiday theme).3. Reserve a computer lab or laptop cart. Each student should have their own computer.4. You will need a projector in the computer lab or in your classroom.5.
Voki does not record well on Safari so I recommend using Firefox. I have not tried it on Explorer,Chrome etc. so be sure to check it out rst if you plan on using those browsers.
Create a Voki Classroom account (costs $29.99/year) and enter your students usernames and
passwords. I believe you can also do this using a free account but it may be more labor intensive.
Print the username and passwords out for the students. Our students’ usernames consisted of their last name with 603 (part of our zip code) after it. Example: nelson603. Their passwordswere their rst names, no caps. Example: mandy.
If you already have a classroom website that your students know how to use, post a voki link on it
so it is easy for them to access in the computer lab.8. It would be ideal to have two adults to help in the room when the students make their characters.9.
On a separate day, have students come to you one by one during silent reading. Record themusing using either the built in mic on your computer or your own USB mic. Save each le as the
Explain to the students that they will be reading a new poem and at the end of the week they will be
able to post themselves reading it online.
Sit in a group on the oor and practice reading the poem together as a class several times a day untilthe students can read it uently on their own.
Thursday:1. Allow for 1 hour in the lab.2.
Students come in to the lab and face the front of the room (no touching the computers just yet!).
Show them these videos that I created using Screenr.com: Video 1 Video 2
Replay Video 1 (and eventually Video 2) but pause it after each direction is said so students can | <urn:uuid:fc753d22-af39-40ab-831b-7656eafac287> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.scribd.com/doc/103664521/Mandy-Nelson-Practicing-Fluency-With-Voki | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736682773.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215802-00007-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954536 | 707 | 2.953125 | 3 |
There are four different types of bar-code readers, each using a different technology to read a bar code. As of 2014, the types are charge-coupled devices, camera-based devices, pen devices and laser scanners. These devices read encoded information within a bar code's visual pattern and convert it into readable data.Continue Reading
Charged-couple-device readers use arrays of light sensors. These arrays consist of hundreds of small light sensors aligned in a row within the head of the reader. Charged-couple-device readers detect ambient light emitted from a bar code and generate a voltage pattern identical to the pattern shown within the bar code. Camera-based readers are the most recently invented readers, as of 2014, and they use a video camera to capture the bar code's image. Camera-based readers use the same technology as charged-couple-device readers, the difference being that camera-based readers use hundreds of rows of sensors to generate an image instead of using a single sensor.
Pen types read bar codes by measuring the intensity of the light reflected by the bar code using a light source and a photo diode. A pen-type reader is used by dragging the tip of the pen across the bar code in a steady motion. The photo diode in a pen sensor then emits a voltage waveform that is an exact replica of the bars and spaces patterned within the bar code. The waveform is then decoded by the scanner. Laser scanners work the same as pen readers but use a laser beam as the light source.Learn more about Marketing & Sales | <urn:uuid:9b4446ba-1cc5-401b-859a-2f45fc7ef6c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.reference.com/business-finance/bar-codes-read-d260f1f9892b7c2a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123491.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00147-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884452 | 322 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Current research shows that mental events cause physical events, and scientists believe examining single nerves is the key to understanding how the brain works as a complete unit. Understanding the brain at the nerve cell level will allow scientists to understand how human consciousness works (Blakeslee, 1992). Furthermore, the brain's thalamus is identified as the possible sensory connector because it fires 40 impulses per second that sweep through the entire brain (Blakeslee, 1995a). These findings are a serious implication to Dualism because it states the mind is not physical. If the mind is not physical, it cannot affect the physical body, so the Dualist theory of two-sided interactions between the body and mind are false. The aforementioned argument is supported by many other scientific facts and objections against Dualism.
For example, phantom pain is a well-known phenomenon in medicine. When people lose a limb, they will often feel painful spasms in parts that no longer exist. Although neuroscience is still developing, scientists assume sensory conflict is responsible for this phenomenon (Blakeslee, 1995b). The brain remembers the nerves going to the missing limb and their previous function, so it can issue orders through those nerves. However, the nerves will not get feedback from the muscles in the non-existent limb, so the brain stops the movement forcibly (Blakeslee, 1995b). Over time, the brain makes new nervous pathways and adapts to the new geography of the body (Blakeslee, 1995b), so the person's perception changes and phantom pain no longer persists.
Phantom pain is only one example of how the brain is linked to the consciousness. Every perception in the environment and every physical action causes changes in the brain patterns (Blakeslee, 1995a), so it is possible to conclude that the human mind resides in the human brain. Linking the mind to the brain would invalidate Searle's (1980) explanation that artificial intelligence is impossible because the brain is irrelevant when the mind is concerned. In other words, programs require machines to run, but the mind is independent of the brain. Recent findings suggest that the brain is directly linked to the mind, so even creating AI machines will be possible in the future because the mind is obviously linked to the body through the brain and the nervous system. Although new theories on human consciousness will obviously assist AI engineers, those theories will question the reliability of Dualism because they suggest that mind is a material substance that takes a certain space and creates certain manifestations in the body.
In reality, it is possible that the mind is a material substance. For example, the human eye cannot observe atoms, but they are physical substances, so there is no reason to define mind as an immaterial substance based on the fact that it cannot be perceived. Even though the mind is invisible to the human senses, it is possible to observe the mind. Armstrong's... | <urn:uuid:7bea2ff1-0d4d-4d98-bbf8-53ba5122de3e> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://brightkite.com/essay-on/how-the-mind-works | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578558125.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422155337-20190422181337-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.928464 | 580 | 3.75 | 4 |
In Kinderpillar classrooms, teachers actively engage young children in learning process and encourage self-regulation. Children learn multiple concepts, facts, skills and small projects. They also develop autonomy and sense of responsibility. Children are interdependent, may work collaboratively or alone; teachers allow a wider and more divergent range of acceptable roles and behaviors hence building teams and social bonds. All the classrooms are equipped with scientifically designed, safe, non-toxic and age-appropriate toys which enhance the brain-based learning process. | <urn:uuid:f986ac66-c3fd-408c-b2e5-a8879a2202af> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.kinderpillar.com/kinderpillar_classrooms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109670.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821211752-20170821231752-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.934418 | 102 | 3.203125 | 3 |
In today’s passage, Timothy is exhorted to insist on proclaiming the Good News “whether the time is right or not” (4:2). Are there some times that are better than others for sharing the good news of Christ? How do you go about sharing your faith with others? When is it important to speak up in faith? When might your actions “preach” better than words?
“All Scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching the truth, rebuking error, correcting faults, and giving instruction for right living,” (2 Timothy 3:16)
The “Scripture” being referred to would be the books of the Old Testament. The passage probably does not refer to the Old Testament as a completed collection (a “canon”), since the canonization of the Old Testament was not yet firm for Christians by the end of the first century C.E., although it might well have been for Jews. Nevertheless, the passage shows that an authoritative scriptural tradition was well underway by the time that 2 Timothy was written. The false teachers of the era may not have regarded the Old Testament books as authoritative. “Inspiration” here means, that texts can be inspirational for people to change their ways:
“so that the person who serves God may be fully qualified and equipped to do every kind of good deed.” (verse 17)
(via Enter the Bible)
According to this ancient hymn God is faithful when we are not:
“If we are not faithful, he remains faithful, because he cannot be false to himself.”
Religion has always been a woman thing. Guys have never really paid much attention to church stuff. Judaism to this days is passed down the generations of the maternal line. The second letter to Timothy even invokes the faith of mother and grandmother as examples: “I remember the sincere faith you have, the kind of faith that your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice also had. I am sure that you have it also.” | <urn:uuid:93c8b2cd-2d8b-4527-8573-b640ed0adec4> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://danielhaas.org/tag/2-timothy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662539101.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521112022-20220521142022-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.963917 | 429 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.