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When the B.C. government decided to shut down Whistler’s fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses, it gave up on a bold experiment and made the world a little dirtier.
The 20 buses that will be taken out of service next March, four years after being unveiled for the Winter Olympics, were reducing greenhouse gas emissions by almost 2,000 tonnes a year.
But the government has decided the fleet of hydrogen buses is just too costly. So BC Transit is replacing them with diesel buses, which will be an estimated $2.5-million cheaper to run over the course of a year.
It’s out with the new, in with the old as B.C. gives up on the $89-million hydrogen bus program, which was funded jointly by the province, Ottawa and Whistler.
The trial was supposed to last only four years – but there were high hopes that the quiet, pollution-free buses in Whistler were going to prove themselves, and lead to something much bigger.
B.C. officials knew going in, however, that the program wasn’t likely to be economically sustainable.
In 2008 the Hydrogen Bus Alliance, an international group of transit agencies promoting a shift to zero-emission public transport, produced a confidential report that took a hard look at the high cost of hydrogen buses.
British Columbia, then preparing plans to roll out the Whistler fleet, was one of 10 organizations that would have been in the loop on that analysis.
The report warns that, even with technology improving and costs declining, a fuel cell bus by 2015 would likely still be more than twice as expensive to own and operate, as a diesel bus.
“The life-cycle analysis shows that … [fuel cell] technology is a long way from achieving a commercial breakthrough,” warned the report, which was secret at the time, but which has since been released by the Hydrogen Bus Alliance.
The report makes it clear that if hydrogen buses are to become widely used, the cost will have to be driven down to a point competitive with diesel.
“Alliance cities will be highly sensitive to the ability of industry to provide real and transparent price reductions in the period to 2015,” states the document.
The group hoped costs were going to fall significantly, but when BC Transit pulled the plug on the Whistler fleet, the buses reportedly were costing three times more to run than the diesel equivalents.
So between 2008 and 2013 those promoting hydrogen buses weren’t able to make the technology cost competitive.
On the environmental front, hydrogen fuel cell buses still hold great promise. But where the technology is being used, it’s heavily subsidized.
Listing Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, London and B.C. among the early adopters, the Hydrogen Bus Alliance notes: “All these cities and regions are characterised by high level political support for hydrogen bus deployment programs … [and] all intend to move towards procuring hydrogen buses on a continuous basis, as hydrogen buses move towards commercial viability in the 2010-2015 timescale.”
Of course, as we now know, the Whistler fleet didn’t move far enough down the road to commercial viability. Part of the problem was that BC Transit had to import the hydrogen from a facility in Quebec. But even if the fuel had been available locally, the cleaner, greener buses would still not have been as cheap as the dirtier alternative.
The collapse of the Whistler program does not mean hydrogen buses are dead. Around the world governments continue to support the technology. There are hydrogen buses operating in the U.S., Europe, China, Japan and Australia.
And Ballard Power Systems Inc., the Vancouver company that made the fuel cells for the Whistler fleet, recently signed a non-binding agreement with Van Hool NV, Europe’s fourth largest bus manufacturer. So there’s still interest in zero-emission fuel cell buses in the world. Just not in B.C., where the government appears to have lost faith with the costly technology of the future. | <urn:uuid:840c9c1e-b56b-48f8-b619-5b61d7ecdf60> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/whistler-buses-out-with-new-in-with-old/article15978630/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657137190.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011217-00025-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96989 | 850 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In science fiction films, the mysterious biological antibodies or biochemical drugs, is usually stored in green or blue liquid in tubular glass containers or in various portable refrigerators. This reflects the fact that biological agents such as antibody drugs are highly susceptible to external environments such as temperature, pH, and pressure. Therefore, cold chain treatment or addition of stabilizers is required during their transportation and use, which may lead to an increase in production costs and potential safety hazards to some extent. Recently, a research team of Nankai University provided a new strategy for solving this problem.
The team led by researcher Chen Yao, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology and College of Pharmacy of Nankai University, used one-step method to combine antibody molecules with metal salts and organic ligands under a mild synthesis condition and synthesized a new type of “molecular armor” (antibodies@MOFs). The new coating provides good thermal, chemical and mechanical protection for antibodies, extending the life spans of antibodies and allowing their protective layers to be quickly removed under mild conditions. Experiments revealed that antibodies that wear "molecular armor" can be stored, transported and used for long-term in daily or extreme environments.
On November 27th, a thesis introducing the achievement was published online in the Advanced Materials, an authoritative journal in the field of international material chemistry. The paper has also been selected as the latest cover article.
Yifan Feng, doctoral student in Chen Yao’s team of Nankai University, is the first author of the thesis, and Wang Huanrong, master student, is the second author. Yao Chen and Shengqian Ma, professor with the University of South Florida, are co-corresponding authors. The research was supported by the National Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, the College of Pharmacy, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation.
Link to: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.201805148
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials that have developed rapidly in the past two decades and belong to the most popular field of organic-inorganic composites. Compared to conventional porous materials, metal-organic framework materials have greater void fraction and specific surface area, especially adjustable pore size and variable functional groups. Currently, metal-organic framework materials have been used in hydrogen storage, drug delivery, catalytic reactions, biosensors, gas adsorption and separation. The research on metal-organic framework materials involves the latest achievements in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, coordination chemistry, materials chemistry, life sciences and computer science. Therefore, metal-organic framework materials have attracted the attention of more and more research teams in recent years.
Source: Nankai News
Written by Junhui Wu
Edited by Kuqing Li and Ruoyan Yan | <urn:uuid:c225d275-f759-4087-a39e-a610c8d4e107> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://nankai.en.school.cucas.cn/en/news/detail?cid=16&pid=16&spid=0&detail=1634 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578806528.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190426133444-20190426155444-00237.warc.gz | en | 0.903412 | 612 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Yup, that is what the scientists tell us.
The elephant brain is denser than the human’s, and the temporal lobes, associated with memory, are more developed than in humans. Elephant’s lobes also have more foldings, so that they can store more information. That’s why elephants have excellent memory.” (source). So here is the question, what has a better memory, the elephant or the Internet?
This post is actually following up on a comment by Rick Lelchuk about personal responsibility and how the onus of this responsibility falls on the individual. He used the memory of the Internet as an example, meaning if someone uses bad judgment once and blurts out something online without thinking of the long and far-reaching consequences of this action, it will haunt them for a very long time – because the Internet remembers.
I have heard of many specific examples where people are suffering from these unwanted consequences of “bad” Internet behavior – some not even by choice. One woman in particular was mentioned in an article about a scandalous case when she actually had nothing to do with the case; she came on the scene after the incident. This is actually not an example of personal responsibility, as she had nothing to do with it, but it is a good example of the very long memory of the Internet. Her name still appears on the first page in Google, and although it doesn’t say anything negative about her, we all know about “guilt by association”. Couple that with the fact that many people don’t read beyond the first paragraph or so and tend to make judgments based on perhaps only half of the facts. How many times have you heard someone say, “I read a review about such-and-such and it proves the product (or service) is crappy’, yet if you check out the same review, you might often find the second, third, fourth, etc. reviews are actually positive?
Take another example of someone losing their cool online and acting unprofessionally – as we have all seen. This person’s comment will be showing up in Google for a lot longer than he or she will appreciate – no doubt. There are reputation management companies out there specifically for the purposes of managing and/or helping re-build business’ reputation. Have you seen examples of people saying something online that has left its mark on their reputation? No names please | <urn:uuid:5a052d6a-ec1f-40b5-bc2d-d9a5b6fdae94> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://blog.newhorizons123.com/who-has-a-longer-memory-an-elephant-or-the-internet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644064538.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00063-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968675 | 506 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Hunan cuisine lays a stress on the use of oil, dense color, and techniques that produce crispness, softness and tenderness as well as the savory flavors and spices.
Hunan cuisine, also known as Xiang cuisine, consists of the cuisines of the Xiang River region, Dongting Lake, and western Hunan province in China. It is one of the Eight Great Traditions of Chinese cuisine and is well known for its hot spicy flavour, fresh aroma and deep colour. Common cooking techniques include stewing, frying, pot-roasting, braising, and smoking. Due to the high agricultural output of the region, ingredients for Hunan dishes are many and varied.
While similar to Sichuan cuisine, Hunan Cuisine is often spicier and contains a larger variety of ingredients. Other characters distinguish Hunan cuisine from Sichuan cuisine is that in general, Hunan cuisine utilizes smoked and curing food in its dishes much more frequent than Szechuan cuisine.
Hunan cuisine lays a stress on the use of oil, dense color, and techniques that produce crispness, softness and tenderness as well as the savory flavors and spices. Stewed fins, fried fresh cabbage with chestnuts, Dong Anzi chicken, immortal chicken with five elements, are of the highest reputation. Chairman Mao, together with other leaders praised the Hunan cuisine in 1958.
Some famous Hunan Cuisine
Stewed fins - had been famous during the Qing Dynasty. Choice fins, chickens, pork are stewed in chicken soup and sauce, tasting really fresh and mellow.
Immortal chicken with five elements - means to put five elements, litchi, longan, red dates, lotus seeds, and medlar, into the body of a chicken, then to braise. The taste is rather peculiar but it is said to have the effect of strengthening the constitution. | <urn:uuid:418cad1c-9b26-425d-bc57-4a8cb90ce40a> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://www.hugchina.com/china/food/cooking-methods/chinas-eight-major-cuisines-hunan-2010-10-04.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201672.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20190318191656-20190318213656-00091.warc.gz | en | 0.953629 | 387 | 2.671875 | 3 |
I think it’s good to occasionally step back and focus on the basics of gluten intolerance. [Note: I use ‘gluten intolerance’ as an umbrella term that includes both celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.] Sometimes I get so caught up in writing about the latest research that I forget that every hour of every day a newly diagnosed individual is needing information on the basics - what gluten intolerance means and how they should begin the process of instituting a gluten-free diet.
This blog, the Gluten Doctors, was my first blog and one that I began after writing my book, “The Gluten Effect”. I wrote the book to embrace a disorder that was being completely ignored by the celiac community – gluten sensitivity.
Fortunately after only a few months of the publishing date of “The Gluten Effect”, major researchers in the field began to publicly agree that gluten sensitivity was a very real condition and one that warranted the attention of researchers and clinicians alike.
Let’s discuss those basics:
What is Gluten Intolerance?
As mentioned above gluten intolerance is an embracive term that includes both celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.
What is Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease has had many faces since it was first described by a medical doctor Samuel Gee in 1887. Initially it was thought to be purely a digestive problem, akin to indigestion.
It was later realized to be an autoimmune disease and small intestine destruction was considered the hallmark of the disease.
Knowledge further advanced and it was realized that celiac was more a disease of the immune system that affected most every part of the human body. From the heart to the lungs, from the liver to the brain, there is no system of the body that gluten doesn’t touch.
We now realize that celiac disease affects the nervous system more so than the digestive tract and that many so afflicted have absolutely no digestive complaints whatsoever – yet they still have celiac disease.
This last sentence would be a surprise, and in fact would be refuted, by many clinicians in this country today. They would be wrong but that wouldn’t make them any less emphatic about it. I cannot tell you how frustrating it is to hear from people who ‘know’ they are gluten intolerant but are told by their doctor that if they have no digestive complaints they have no need to even be tested for the condition.
Classic celiac disease, as described so many years ago, consists of a profile that many clinicians, including gastroenterologists, embrace as ‘gospel’. This classic picture would present with an underweight patient with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloating.
Classic celiac disease exists, but it in no way describes the majority of cases – quite the contrary.
Celiac disease affects 1% of the population and it rises to about 4% with increased age.
How do you know if you have celiac disease? Good question. I wish I could tell you there was an absolute fool-proof test. Most recent research has this to say:
A highly positive tTG test with a positive AGA test (both blood tests) are highly correlative with celiac disease.
Do you have to have a positive intestinal biopsy to ‘confirm’ the blood tests? Many clinicians would say ‘yes’ and they would be wrong. Why? You can definitely have celiac disease and have a negative biopsy. To say otherwise is condemning many celiac sufferers to a shortened, unhealthy lifespan.
[I can see the comments coming in already. I know, you’ve been told otherwise. It is incorrect.]
So what does one do if they get a negative test but they are suspicious of being gluten intolerant? I have two suggestions:
1. Try a gluten-free diet for 30 days and see how you feel. [Feeling better is a valid test in itself.] Do remember that this is a zero tolerance policy so educate yourself first and then begin. There’s no point in a ‘mostly gluten free’ approach – it’s got to be as perfect as possible.
2. Get a genetic test to see if you carry the genes for celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. Either one makes for a lifelong gluten-free diet in your future, but I think it’s good to know for yourself as well as for other members of the family, which, if either, is positive. I’ve heard researchers state that there are likely more genes that code for gluten intolerance than we know about, but the genetic test available is still a good place to start.
Symptoms Associated with Celiac Disease
There are over 300 symptoms and conditions associated with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. I will include some of the most common ones below to give you an idea if you or someone you care about potentially falls into this category:
· Rheumatoid arthritis
· Thyroid disease
· Liver disease
· Acid reflux
· Brain fog/Poor memory
· Stunted growth
· Hormonal imbalance
What is Gluten Sensitivity? How is it Different from Celiac Disease?
Gluten sensitivity is very similar to celiac disease. They are both genetic conditions, they both are known to affect most systems of the body, and both require a lifelong gluten-free diet.
The estimation of incidence of gluten sensitivity is much higher than celiac disease - 10% of the population. This is new research in an area that is in its infancy. Personally I feel that the incidence is likely much higher, perhaps up to 30% or more of the population. This personal estimate is based on my clinical experience and it is shared by others in the field. But I am not a researcher.
There is some thought that gluten sensitivity is less serious than celiac disease. This is not true. Both conditions can shorten life expectancy and create hundreds of different symptoms and conditions. Celiac disease is, in itself, an autoimmune disease and gluten sensitivity is not. Some extrapolate this to mean that gluten sensitivity cannot be a causative factor in creating autoimmune disease. I have not found this to be the case. In fact we have, here at the clinic, seen amazing improvements and sometimes reversals, of autoimmune diseases in patients who were gluten sensitive but who did not suffer from celiac disease. Once again this is my clinical experience, there is not much if any research in this area.
How do you Test for Gluten Sensitivity?
There are tests that exist for gluten sensitivity, although they are not ‘recognized’ currently. Does that mean they do not work? Not at all. I am quite pleased with the results of the testing I use. I find they correlate quite well with patient symptoms and improvement once a gluten-free diet is instituted.
The opinion that no ‘accepted’ gluten sensitivity test exists is simply a function of how new the field is. As mentioned earlier, it’s only been two years since general acceptance of the existence of gluten sensitivity occurred.
So what should you do if you suspect gluten sensitivity? I am happy to share with you the labs that I use and genetic testing is available as well. Ultimately the 30 day elimination diet is something I always include, regardless of what testing is done because I trust that as a valid test. I typically run the blood test and back it up with the 30 day elimination diet. The lab testing is not perfect, none of them are, but the body will tell you what it thinks of gluten if you eliminate it completely from your diet for 30 days.
If I am Gluten Intolerant How Do I Get Started?
1. You must educate yourself. I mentioned this is the first blog I ever created. Since then I have merged my website, blogs and you tube videos to act as a comprehensive resource. My ‘gluten sensitivity and celiac’ blog is at this address: http://www.healthnowmedical.com/category/gluten-intolerance-celiac/ you can also go to this page (http://www.healthnowmedical.com/am-i-gluten-sensitive/gluten-foods/) to learn the foods that are safe and unsafe when embarking on a gluten free diet.
2. Be patient. It is not easy to change your diet so radically and the change will likely not happen overnight. You will make mistakes, unfortunately. But learn from them and continue to be patient with yourself as you learn more about food in general and gluten in specific. If you hang in there you will be rewarded with greatly improved health.
3. Find a clinician to help you. This can be difficult which is why we created a destination clinic wherein we see patients from across the country and internationally. We are not the only ones who know how to take care of you, but the numbers are truly dismally small. We’ll try to help you find someone local to you but if that doesn’t work, we’re happy to help.
4. Finally, I wish I could say that eliminating gluten was the only step you had to take to restore optimal health. Certainly it should be, but alas, there are other steps that need to be taken. Why? Removing gluten is simply not sufficient to restore the health to all the parts of the body that gluten has affected. From healing the small intestine, to regaining the strength of the healthy probiotic population, to balancing hormones and more - all these factors must be assessed and treated as needed. We call these the secondary effects of gluten and they are not difficult to treat.
I hope you found this helpful. Please let me know any questions you have or other topics you’d like to see me address.
I and my team of doctors are here to help. If you’d like to set up a health analysis give us a call at 408-733-0400. The initial consult is free.
To your good health,
Dr Vikki Petersen, DC, CCN
Founder of HealthNOW Medical Center
Co-author of “The Gluten Effect”
Author of “Gluten Intolerance: What you don’t know may be killing you!” | <urn:uuid:50fe897e-deae-46e0-abd6-ae58df51d3f3> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.glutendoctors.blogspot.com/2011/11/inside-scoop-on-gluten-intolerance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609524259.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005204-00362-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960318 | 2,126 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The following post is an article by Robert Krulwich written as a featured post "Krulwich Wonders" for NPR, posted
The Power Of Poop: A Whale Story
The problem was with the middle group — the krill.
Too much for Professor Smetacek.
Krill need iron to grow and multiply. Given what we know about ocean chemistry, , there's not enough iron in the southern ocean water to support that many krill. So either the whales had smaller meals a century ago, or somehow the oceans got an extra kick or boost of iron to create more krill.
Nobody was willing to consider a food pyramid that looked like this:
The 'Whale Poop Hypothesis'
And that's when Smetacek proposed what he delicately called in his paper, the whales' extra nutritious "manuring mechanism." (Or, as it's come to be known, his "whale poop hypothesis.") It begins with this obvious observation: Whales poop. In fact, they poop mightily.
Poop With 10 Million Times More Iron
Nicols' team analyzed 27 fecal samples from four species of baleen whales, . "He found that on average whale faeces had 10 million times as much iron as Antarctic seawater." Basically, that's iron concentrate. And strategically emitted — which would have to be up near the ocean surface, where the sun shines — that extra iron would create blooms of phytoplankton, which would then be eaten by krill, leading to a boost in the krill population, leading to ... yes ... bigger whale dinners!
Then, if something nasty were to happen, like ocean-going terrestrials invent boats, harpoons, trawlers, nets and kill masses of whales — instead of the krill population expanding ("Hooray! Those giants who eat us are gone — let's multiply!"), the krill population might shrink. ("Oh no! Those big animals who gave us iron are gone! We're going to starve.")
And guess what? When Antarctica's great whales were nearly destroyed in the 1960s, the krill population, instead of expanding, collapsed, by some 80 percent.
Smetacek got it right. Whales do, in fact, garden the ocean, fertilizing the seas to grow their own food.
Whales recirculate the iron. Even the bits that slip down to the dark bottom get pulled back up by whales. Sperm whales dive to terrifying depths, 3,000 feet below, to hunt iron-rich prey like giant squid. Pressed by the weight of the ocean, their digestion stops; they don't excrete. They consume the iron below, hold it in, climb back to the surface, and that's where they poop. Every sperm whale, , draws 50 tons of iron to the surface every year.
Recycling Yourself Into Abundance
So who knew? A couple of centuries ago, the southern seas were packed with baleen whales. Blue whales, the biggest creatures on Earth, were a hundred times more plentiful than they are today. Biologists couldn't understand how whales could feed themselves in such an iron-poor environment. And now we may have an answer: Whales are extraordinary recyclers.
What whales consume (which is a lot), they give back. As science writer J.B. MacKinnon writes in his book , "Whales may have been boosting the productivity of the entire ocean, making their own extraordinary abundance possible."
|Robert Krulwich/NPR||ch is a lot), they give back. As science| | <urn:uuid:60fe3f6c-af56-4251-8987-a51b86bac393> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://departingthetext.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-power-of-poop-whale-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042989018.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002309-00144-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952178 | 752 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Kepler Orbits Sun, Begins Search For Earth-Like Planets
NASA scientists said the Kepler solar-powered craft could take three years to make a discovery.
NASA has successfully launched its Kepler mission.
"This mission attempts to answer a question that is as old as time itself," Ed Weiler, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said. "Are other planets like ours out there? It's not just a science question -- it's a basic human question."
Engineers received signals from the spacecraft at 12:11 a.m. Saturday, and confirmed that Kepler separated from its United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket to enter its last sun-center orbit, about 950 miles behind Earth. The Kepler launched at 10:49 p.m., EST, Friday from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
The craft is generating its own power through solar panels and will search for Earth-sized planets orbiting stars at distances that could allow water to pool on the planets' surfaces. It could take three years to find such planets, but such discoveries could point to possible locations of life beyond Earth.
Kepler Project Manager James Fanson, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., called the launch "stunning" and said its mission will be very meaningful to the human race.
"Kepler will help us understand if our Earth is unique or if others like it are out there," he said in a statement.
William Borucki, principal investigator at NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, Calif., said that even if Kepler doesn't find planets like Earth, its mission will have great significance.
"It would indicate that we are probably alone in the galaxy," he said.
For the next 60 days, engineers will make sure Kepler works properly, command it to eject a dust cover, and calibrate its high-powered camera before searching for habitable planets. First it will search "hot Jupiters," or large gas-filled planets that circle quickly and closely around starts.
The Hubble and Spitzer telescopes will also view the planets and their atmospheres. After that, Kepler will likely view planets the size of Neptune before moving on to rocky planets the size of Earth.
InformationWeek has published an in-depth report detailing the views of more than two dozen industry leaders on what should be top of mind for President Obama's CTO. Download the report here (registration required).
Top IT Trends to Watch in Financial ServicesIT pros at banks, investment houses, insurance companies, and other financial services organizations are focused on a range of issues, from peer-to-peer lending to cybersecurity to performance, agility, and compliance. It all matters.
Join us for a roundup of the top stories on InformationWeek.com for the week of October 9, 2016. We'll be talking with the InformationWeek.com editors and correspondents who brought you the top stories of the week to get the "story behind the story." | <urn:uuid:c0d52604-74df-4603-8670-8767fb362454> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.informationweek.com/architecture/kepler-orbits-sun-begins-search-for-earth-like-planets/d/d-id/1077377 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720356.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00419-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947812 | 605 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A hymn, in its shortest (and earliest) definition, is a song of praise to God.
In the Christian context, hymns have been used in worship since the 4th century. St. Ambrose’s Te Deum – “We praise thee O God: we acknowledge thee to be the Lord” - comes from this time. The first hymnals were gathered about the 12th – 13th centuries and, during the rest of the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance’ the form followed the styles of other sacred music of the time.
Following the Reformation, we can add at least two criteria to the definition above.
Hymns began to be written for the congregation to sing – first in German Lutheran services (Martin Luther himself was a fine composer) where chorales became a large part of congregational worship, then later in England where the modern hymn would be developed after a period where the domination of Calvinist dislike of such drollery brought about a form of hymn based on Psalms. Whilst much more severe and restrained than the German chorales, these “metrical psalms” were immensely popular. Some still are.
Hymns now had to be in the vernacular – that is in the language of the congregation. This is the second of the two criteria mentioned above.
The non-conformist reformers of the mid 18th century, such as John and Charles Wesley used hymns as a way of attracting adherents in their great open-air meets. Hymns were written that were singable, easy to remember, simple in form but melodic. Like carols, folksongs, spirituals, and other types of “popular” music, they became, like these forms, almost invariably strophic; that is in the form of repetitive verses, with or without a line or two of chorus at the end of each verse. The congregation were participating. Finally. Not just in a formal liturgical response to a formal liturgical verse. They could raise the roof… bellow their hearts out. The established church replied in kind and, during the next 150 years, most of the hymns that are part of the fabric of Western society were written. A congregation can now worship on equal footing with the priest or vicar or pastor because of this. | <urn:uuid:a2bc2306-033a-4b87-9f87-6e36720ec2dd> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.conservapedia.com/Hymn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737940794.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221900-00244-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977612 | 486 | 3.984375 | 4 |
In 1908, a political rally called “The Red Flag Incident” took place in Japan, when a political activist and anarchist by the name of Yamaguchi Koken was released from prison. Crowds of activists celebrated his release by singing communist songs, and waving red flags bearing phrases like “Revolution” and “Anarcho-Communism”. The Japanese police attacked and suppressed the demonstration, and arrested ten prominent activists who had been involved in the rally.
Almost one year later, police found bomb-making materials in the home of a 35-year-old lumber mill employee named Miyashita Takichi. Police announced he was involved in a plot to assassinate Emperor Meiji. They would go on to make several more arrests of his accomplices, including his former common-law wife, a feminist author named Kanno Suga. By the time they were done with their investigations and arrests, twenty-five men (including four Buddhist monks) and one woman were brought to trial for what would be known as the “High Treason Incident”.
In spite of most evidence being merely circumstantial, two were sentanced to 8 and 11 years in prison respectively, twelve were sentenced to life in prison, and twelve were executed by hanging. Those executed included Kanno Suga, as well as a prominent anarchist, a doctor, and a Buddhist monk. It was well known that most of these imprisonments and executions were a thinly veiled excuse to round up dissidents.
In 1911, Japan established a special police force called the Tokubetsu Koutou Keisatsu, meaning “Special Higher Police”. Their name is most often shortened to Tokko, but they were known by several other names as well. One such flowery name was the Chian Keisatsu, or “Peace Police”. An accurate, but less glamorous name, was Shisou Keisatsu, or “Thought Police”.
Peace Preservation Laws
Among the laws the Tokko helped enforce, were the Public Order and Police Law of 1900, which placed restrictions on freedom of speech, the right to assemble, and the right for workers to go on strike. There were also provisions banning women from political affiliations. Any resident of Japan who expressed views that encouraged “dangerous ideologies” could be arrested for treason.
In 1925, an additional set of laws known as the Public Security Preservation Law of 1925 gave the Tokko’s Criminal Affairs Bureau full power over anyone suspected of “thought crimes”. By these laws, a potential dissident didn’t have to actually commit any criminal activity, they simply had to have expressed an opinion that was at odds with the militant and totalitarian views of their government. However, this was not the Tokko’s only branch. The other branches included Foreign Surveillance, Labor Relations, Arbitration, Censorship, and even a branch designed for dealing with Koreans In Japan.
By 1936, the Tokko had arrested over 59,000 people. Five-thousand of those arrests would later go to trial, and as many as half received prison sentences. Prisoners were forced to write essays about how they had become involved with “dangerous ideologies”, and made to rewrite them under great duress until their interrogators were happy with what they had written. These essays were then used in court to prove their criminal involvement.
In 1945, the Allied Occupation Authorities released of thousands of political prisoners, and General Douglas MacArthur issued the “Restoration Of Electoral Rights To Released Political Prisoners”. The Tokko was abolished, and political activism in Japan would flourish throughout the 60s and 70s. | <urn:uuid:31eeb4c1-b090-4390-9e94-d6038b57ea77> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://ashleymaywrites.wordpress.com/2017/03/11/tokko-the-thought-police/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320873.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626235612-20170627015612-00316.warc.gz | en | 0.989356 | 762 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Family : Orchidaceae
Text © Pietro Puccio
English translation by Mario Beltramini
The species is native to China (Yunnan), India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, where it grows on the trunks of the trees, between the 800 and the 2000 metres of altitude, in zones characterized by monsoonal climate.
The name of the genus is the combination of the Greek terms “déndron” = tree and “bios” = life, with reference to the numerous species of the genus living on the trees; the name of the species is the Latin adjective “bellatulus”, from “bellus” = beautiful.
Common names: ai shi hu (Chinese).
The Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe (1903) is an epiphytic species with oblong-fusiform pseudobulbs, of 2-8 cm of length and about 1,6 cm of diameter, with 2-4 oblong leaves, coriaceous, 1,5-4,5 cm long and 0,5-1,5 cm broad, initially covered, like the pseudobulbs, by a thick and short black down. The inflorescence is usually solitary, axillary, sub terminal, carrying 1-3 perfumed flowers, of 3-5 cm of diameter, with cream white sepals and petals.
The dorsal sepal is oblong with pointed apex, about 2 cm long and 1 cm broad, the lateral ones are triangular with pointed apex, about 2,5 cm long and 1 cm broad. The labellum is trilobed, 2,5-3 cm long, with bright red lateral lobes, and median lobe slightly bilobed, gold yellow or orange, with the extremity partially retroflexed. It reproduces by seed, in vitro, and by division, with each section provided of at least 4-5 pseudobulbs.
It is a tiny orchid with long-lasting flowers, about one month, almost bigger than the plant itself and where the intensely coloured labellum stands out.
It requires a luminous position, regular waterings, high humidity and medium-high temperatures during the vegetative period in spring-summer, in autumn-winter the waterings are to be reduced until being almost stopped, avoiding however to have the pseudobulbes too much wrinkled, positioning the plant in a cool and much luminous location, also direct sun for a few hours per day, with night temperatures of 10-14 °C; a good air circulation is essential in all seasons.
For the waterings and the nebulisations is to be used rain water, or water obtained by reverse osmosis or demineralised; the fertilizations, duly distributed and alternated, in way to avoid salts accumulations on the roots, are to be done during the vegetative period preferably with hydro-soluble balanced products, with microelements, at ¼ of dosage than what suggested on the package.
It is mounted preferably on bark, trunks, raft of cork or of roots of arborescent ferns in order to quickly dry up after the waterings, as it does not tolerate stagnations. Displacements and divisions are to be done at the moment when the new roots do appear.
The species is inscribed into the appendix II of CITES (species whose trade is internationally ruled). | <urn:uuid:c903759d-952e-4af8-9395-adb02ab14722> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/dendrobium-bellatulum/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103989282.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702071223-20220702101223-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.912683 | 722 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Babesiosis is caused by parasites of the genus babesia, which are transmitted in nature by the bite of an infected tick. Discover the latest research on babesiosis here.
Transcriptional analysis of p30 major outer membrane protein genes of Ehrlichia canis in naturally infected ticks and sequence analysis of p30-10 of E canis from diverse geographic regions.(opens in new tab)
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Suleyman FelekY Rikihisa
George RidingPeter Willadsen | <urn:uuid:676beb79-e15d-4904-9e6f-64a75d95246b> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.meta.org/papers/development-of-a-non-radioactive-dna-probe-and-in/9668458 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358078.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127013935-20211127043935-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.813868 | 127 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Based on a 2002 paper by Chuang et al., I'm trying to understand the math for calculating 'drop-cutter' toolpaths (Julian Todd also has a lot to say about the drop-cutter approach). The basic idea is that the x,y position of the cutter is known, and it is dropped down along the z-axis until it touches a triangulated surface. A complex surface is built up of many many small triangles, but the algorithm stays the same.
For each triangle there are seven items the cutter might be touching: three vertices, three edges, and one facet (the triangle surface). It looks like a contact point with a vertex is the easiest to calculate, so I'm starting with that. I'm hoping to post part 2/3 and 3/3 of this post soon. They will deal with the facet and the edges.
I'm using this fairly simple cutter definition C(R,r) where R denotes the shaft diameter and r the corner radius. The three basic shapes that can be defined this way are shown in the picture. A more elaborate model would include tapered cutters, but I think I won't bother with that now... A cutter thus consists of a cylindrical part or a toroidal part, or both. That means I need six different functions in total for this algorithm:
- Cylinder against vertex
- Toroid against vertex
- Cylinder against facet
- Toroid against facet
- Cylinder against edge
- Toroid against edge
Here's how I think no 1 and 2 work.
Assume the vertex we are testing against is at (x, y, z) and say the cutter is at location xe,ye. We are looking for the cutter z-coordinate ze so at the end when the cutter is in contact with the vertex it will be located at (xe, ye, ze) .
Calculate the distance in the xy-plane from (xe, ye) to (x, y):
q = sqrt( (xe-x)^2 + (ye-y)^2)
Now if q > R the vertex lies outside the cutter and we should report an error or just skip to the next triangle/vertex.
If q <= R-r the vertex lies under the cylindrical part of the cutter and we set ze = z
If (R-r) < q <= R the vertex lies under the spherical/toroidal part of the cutter. This picture should explain the geometry:
The cutter can be positioned a distance z1 lower than z. To calculate z1 we need z2. It can be found by noting that (x ,y, z) should lie on the toroidal surface:
(q-(R-r))^2 + h2^2 = r^2
or h2 = sqrt( r^2 - (q-(R-r))^2 )
so now h1=r-h2 and we found ze = z-h1
A quick test in matlab seems to confirm that this works:
here a ball-nose cutter is dropped down along the dashed line into contact with all three vertices (red, blue, and green stars), and finally it's positioned at the highest ze found (red dot).
Well, that was easy. Now onto the facet and edge tests! | <urn:uuid:63bcd8f6-0941-4703-8118-d5a61b6ea7ea> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://www.anderswallin.net/2007/06/drop-cutter-part-13-cutter-vs-vertex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057416.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923013955-20210923043955-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.95054 | 706 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Think back. Think back to your teachers. 1st grade. 2nd grade. 3rd. 4th. 5th…. Now, think of the greatest lesson plan your teacher(s) ever created. Think about the objectives they wrote on the board. Think about the assessments (pre and post) they used. Think about the ice breakers they employed. Think about how they differentiated their instruction. Think about….
Wait, stop thinking, because if you are like me, you don’t remember a single lesson plan, a single strategy, a single prompt, or a single objective. I remember the how I experienced school. I remember studying monarch butterflies in 2nd grade, show and tell in 3rd grade, two-hand touch football games in the 4th grade, visiting the middle school in 5th grade, the trip the Seacoast Science Center in 6th grade, looking for hawks in 7th grade, the four day camping trip up Mt. Cardigan in 8th grade, studying jellyfish in 10th grade, and dissecting cats and “lawyering” in a mock trial in 12th grade.
The science of teaching is important, but the art – the art of developing and creating learning experiences – is what makes teachers difference makers. Are you a difference maker? Are your students experiencing school or simply attending it? As we continue to grow as learning leaders, it is important for us to remember that all of our objectives, hooks, assessments, and strategies must contribute to the experience of school in order for them to make an impact in the lives of our students. | <urn:uuid:2bad50bf-fdbf-4df9-9fb0-d4f7f84dccd6> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | https://transleadership.wordpress.com/2009/09/17/the-experience-of-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982291143.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195811-00029-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961802 | 328 | 3.171875 | 3 |
You might have heard the term, "fabric grain." It sounds like it could be a breakfast cereal just for sewists. But in reality, it's a technical term that describes the direction your fabric has been woven. It's important to know which way the grain is running, because fabric that is off-grain when you are cutting pattern pieces can cause your completed project to stretch out of shape. We're here to give you a better understanding of fabric grain and some tips on how to straighten it.
When you buy fabric off the bolt (in store or online), they unwind however many yards you want, then cut it off with scissors. Along either side (perpendicular to the cut edge) are the factory-finished edges called the selvage (or selvedge). These edges are bound to keep the the fabric from unraveling.
The grain of the fabric is made up of the threads running parallel to the selvage and the threads running side-to-side (perpendicular to the selvage).
The three types of fabric grain
Lengthwise Grain: Sometimes referred to as the grainline or simply grain, lengthwise grain refers to the threads that run parallel to the selvage. The technical name for these is "warp threads."
Crosswise Grain: Crosswise grain refers to the threads that run parallel to the cut edge of the fabric (the width) and so are perpendicular to the selvage. The technical name for these is "weft threads." Here's your little rhyme to help remember which is which: "weft runs right to left."
For more about the fascinating world of warp and weft, check out our tutorial, All About Fabric Weaves.
Bias: While technically not a grain, it's the 45˚ angle between lengthwise and crosswise grain. Fabric cut on the bias is stretchy, and often used anywhere you need the fabric to "bend" more smoothly around a curve, such as for covering piping, creating bias binding, or in apparel projects where you want a soft, flattering shape.
Why does grain matter?
When a fabric is "on-grain," the lengthwise and crosswise threads are at an exact right angle to each other. Woven fabrics always follow the grain because they are made with the actual warp and weft threads. With wovens, when the grain is off, so is the pattern. With printed fabrics, their designs are printed on top of the woven threads. So the grain can be off and the pattern can still look okay.
Your fabric grain can be off a little bit and it won't affect your project. But if it's off by too much, your designs won't line up when you're trying to match panels and your seams can bunch or stretch because they're actually being sewn too close to the bias.
How to check your fabric's grain
You can check to see if your fabric is on-grain by establishing a straight line across, from selvage to selvage, then folding the fabric to see if it squares-up.
To do this, lay out your fabric panel right side up and flat on your work surface.
Near the top cut edge and starting at one side of the selvage, find one thread that goes all the way across (crossways). Start pulling it.
Ideally, you can simply pull the thread right out of the fabric. But if not, just pull until the fabric puckers along the thread, then keep bunching the fabric and pulling every few inches until the pucker reaches the opposite selvage.
Either way, pulling out this single thread will give you a straight line across the fabric.
The methods listed above still work without a selvage. It just makes it a bit harder to find the horizontal thread to pull. Place the fabric on your work surface oriented so the weft is running as it should: horizontal. If you're not sure, make your best guess. At one corner, fray the fabric so you can get ahold of one thread and pull as described above. If your pieces are small, there may not be much you can do since the cuts from the larger fabric have already been made.
Using this thread line as your guide, cut all the way across the fabric.
Some folks prefer to rip across. To do this, snip about ½" in from the selvege, then rip the fabric across. Your ripped edge will need to be pressed flat.
Fold the fabric lengthwise so the selvages align and are perfectly flush. If the two sides of the edge you just cut also line up and are flush, your fabric is on-grain.
If they don't, proceed to the next section.
How to straighten your grain
There are two ways to do this.
Ironing: Fold your fabric in half (selvages together) so your cut edges are aligned. Pin along the cut line and pin the selvages together. Iron your fabric until flat.
If this doesn't correct your grain, you can try stretching the fabric.
Stretching: Fold your fabric in half (selvages together). When your grain is off, you'll see that one of your corners is short. Hold the short corner with one hand and with the other hand, grasp the opposite corner. Gently stretch the fabric on the diagonal.
Fold it in half again to see if the edges now align. Repeat the gentle stretching if necessary. Be careful not to stretch too strenuously or the fabric's printed design motif can be stretched out of shape. | <urn:uuid:828fcb59-bacb-4c5b-9a6f-92d496f91bdf> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://sew4home.com/tips-resources/sewing-tips-tricks/fabric-grain-what-it-and-how-fix-it-if-its | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816841.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225170106-20180225190106-00165.warc.gz | en | 0.93901 | 1,160 | 3.265625 | 3 |
High above the surface, Earth’s magnetic field constantly deflects incoming supersonic particles from the sun. These particles are disturbed in regions just outside of Earth’s magnetic field – and some are reflected into a turbulent region called the foreshock.
New observations from NASA’s THEMIS – short for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – mission show that this turbulent region can accelerate electrons up to speeds approaching the speed of light. Such extremely fast particles have been observed in near-Earth space and many other places in the universe, but the mechanisms that accelerate them have not yet been concretely understood.
The new results provide the first steps towards an answer, while opening up more questions. The research finds electrons can be accelerated to extremely high speeds in a near-Earth region farther from Earth than previously thought possible – leading to new inquiries about what causes the acceleration. These findings may change the accepted theories on how electrons can be accelerated not only in shocks near Earth, but also throughout the universe. Having a better understanding of how particles are energized will help scientists and engineers better equip spacecraft and astronauts to deal with these particles, which can cause equipment to malfunction and affect space travelers.
“This affects pretty much every field that deals with high-energy particles, from studies of cosmic rays to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which have the potential to damage satellites and affect astronauts on expeditions to Mars,” said Lynn Wilson, lead author of the paper on these results at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
The results, published in Physical Review Letters, on Nov. 14, 2016, describe how such particles may get accelerated in specific regions just beyond Earth’s magnetic field. Typically, a particle streaming toward Earth first encounters a boundary region known as the bow shock, which forms a protective barrier between the solar wind, the continuous and varying stream of charged particles flowing from the sun, and Earth. The magnetic field in the bow shock slows the particles, causing most to be deflected away from Earth, though some are reflected back towards the sun. These reflected particles form a region of electrons and ions called the foreshock region.
This image represents one of the traditional proposed mechanisms for accelerating particles across a shock, called a shock drift acceleration. The electrons (yellow) and protons (blue) can be seen moving in the collision area where two hot plasma bubbles collide (red vertical line). The cyan arrows represent the magnetic field and the light green arrows, the electric field. Credits: NASA Goddard’s Scientific Visualization Studio/Tom Bridgman, data visualizer
Some of those particles in the foreshock region are highly energetic, fast moving electrons and ions. Historically, scientists have thought one way these particles get to such high energies is by bouncing back and forth across the bow shock, gaining a little extra energy from each collision. However, the new observations suggest the particles can also gain energy through electromagnetic activity in the foreshock region itself.
The observations that led to this discovery were taken from one of the THEMIS – short for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – mission satellites. The five THEMIS satellites circled Earth to study how the planet’s magnetosphere captured and released solar wind energy, in order to understand what initiates the geomagnetic substorms that cause aurora. The THEMIS orbits took the spacecraft across the foreshock boundary regions. The primary THEMIS mission concluded successfully in 2010 and now two of the satellites collect data in orbit around the moon.
Operating between the sun and Earth, the spacecraft found electrons accelerated to extremely high energies. The accelerated observations lasted less than a minute, but were much higher than the average energy of particles in the region, and much higher than can be explained by collisions alone. Simultaneous observations from the additional Heliophysics spacecraft, Wind and STEREO, showed no solar radio bursts or interplanetary shocks, so the high-energy electrons did not originate from solar activity.
“This is a puzzling case because we’re seeing energetic electrons where we don’t think they should be, and no model fits them,” said David Sibeck, co-author and THEMIS project scientist at NASA Goddard. “There is a gap in our knowledge, something basic is missing.”
The electrons also could not have originated from the bow shock, as had been previously thought. If the electrons were accelerated in the bow shock, they would have a preferred movement direction and location – in line with the magnetic field and moving away from the bow shock in a small, specific region. However, the observed electrons were moving in all directions, not just along magnetic field lines. Additionally, the bow shock can only produce energies at roughly one tenth of the observed electrons’ energies. Instead, the cause of the electrons’ acceleration was found to be within the foreshock region itself.
“It seems to suggest that incredibly small scale things are doing this because the large scale stuff can’t explain it,” Wilson said.
High-energy particles have been observed in the foreshock region for more than 50 years, but until now, no one had seen the high-energy electrons originate from within the foreshock region. This is partially due to the short timescale on which the electrons are accelerated, as previous observations had averaged over several minutes, which may have hidden any event. THEMIS gathers observations much more quickly, making it uniquely able to see the particles.
Next, the researchers intend to gather more observations from THEMIS to determine the specific mechanism behind the electrons’ acceleration.
In a remarkable demonstration of the extreme limits of nanoscale engineering, researchers from the US and China have used the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to cleave and form selected chemical bonds on a complex molecule. The work marks another step along the road of ever-increasing control of single-molecule manipulations.
The team, led by veteran molecule manipulator Wilson Ho of the University of California, Irvine, designed a compound consisting of a chain of three aromatic rings with a tail at each end, comprising an acetyl group attached to the ring system by a sulfur. This molecule was then adsorbed to a nickel-aluminium surface and the tip of the STM was positioned over one of the ‘tail ends’ of the molecule. Electrons from the tip were injected into the sulfur–acetyl bond. At a particular threshold energy of the electrons, the bond snaps. ‘This occurs with surprisingly high efficiency,’ Ho says, with the energy being localised at the bond and with relatively little dissipation across the rest of the molecule.
Similarly, the bond between the sulfur and the aromatic ring can also be selectively cleaved at a given end of the molecule. By this method the researchers sequentially broke all four bonds, leaving the aromatic chain remaining. In a second series of experiments the team cleaved the acetyl groups, exposing the sulfurs. They deposited gold atoms onto the surface and gradually nudged them closer to the sulfurs with the STM tip. ‘Sometimes a bond forms, but sometimes it doesn’t,’ Ho says. By ‘energising’ the sulfur and the gold with electrons from the STM, a much higher rate of bond formation was achieved. ‘By exciting the gold and the sulfur, we can form a bond through a kind of “nano-welding” process,’ says Ho. The microscope was also able to image the patterns of electronic distribution as the various bonds formed and broke.
The team used 1,4-bis[4’-(acetylthio)styryl]benzene to test its ‘nano-welding’ technique
Other experts in the field recognise the significance of the new work. Geoff Thornton, of UCL and the London Centre for Nanotechnology, UK, says: ‘It’s a lovely piece of work.’ Thornton adds: ‘The modification of the molecular electronic structure on attaching a gold atom at both ends of the molecule is also fascinating, but I was left wondering what role the alloy substrate might play in this process.’
‘Ho’s team shows that the techniques that work on small and well-studied molecules also work beautifully on large extended chemical structures,’ says Peter Sloan of the University of Bath, UK. ‘Atomically engineered molecules probably won’t be appearing be appearing in the high-street soon, but these researchers have taken a small but important step.’
Y Jiang et al, Nat. Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1488
Watch this and other space videos at http://SpaceRip.com
In high-res 1080p. Explores one of the deepest mysteries about the origin of our universe. According to standard theory, the early moments of the universe were marked by the explosive contact between subatomic particles of opposite charge. Featuring short interviews with Masaki Hori, Tokyo University and Jeffrey Hangst, Aarhus University.
Scientists are now focusing their most powerful technologies on an effort to figure out exactly what happened. Our understanding of cosmic history hangs on the question: how did matter as we know it survive? And what happened to its birth twin, its opposite, a mysterious substance known as antimatter?
A crew of astronauts is making its way to a launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Little noticed in the publicity surrounding the close of this storied program is the cargo bolted into Endeavor’s hold. It’s a science instrument that some hope will become one of the most important scientific contributions of human space flight.
It’s a kind of telescope, though it will not return dazzling images of cosmic realms long hidden from view, the distant corners of the universe, or the hidden structure of black holes and exploding stars.
Unlike the great observatories that were launched aboard the shuttle, it was not named for a famous astronomer, like Hubble, or the Chandra X-ray observatory.
The instrument, called the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, or AMS. The promise surrounding this device is that it will enable scientists to look at the universe in a completely new way.
Most telescopes are designed to capture photons, so-called neutral particles reflected or emitted by objects such as stars or galaxies. AMS will capture something different: exotic particles and atoms that are endowed with an electrical charge. The instrument is tuned to capture “cosmic rays” at high energy hurled out by supernova explosions or the turbulent regions surrounding black holes. And there are high hopes that it will capture particles of antimatter from a very early time that remains shrouded in mystery.
The chain of events that gave rise to the universe is described by what’s known as the Standard model. It’s a theory in the scientific sense, in that it combines a body of observations, experimental evidence, and mathematical models into a consistent overall picture. But this picture is not necessarily complete.
The universe began hot. After about a billionth of a second, it had cooled down enough for fundamental particles to emerge in pairs of opposite charge, known as quarks and antiquarks. After that came leptons and antileptons, such as electrons and positrons. These pairs began annihilating each other.
Most quark pairs were gone by the time the universe was a second old, with most leptons gone a few seconds later. When the dust settled, so to speak, a tiny amount of matter, about one particle in a billion, managed to survive the mass annihilation.
That tiny amount went on to form the universe we can know – all the light emitting gas, dust, stars, galaxies, and planets. To be sure, antimatter does exist in our universe today. The Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope spotted a giant plume of antimatter extending out from the center of our galaxy, most likely created by the acceleration of particles around a supermassive black hole.
The same telescope picked up signs of antimatter created by lightning strikes in giant thunderstorms in Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists have long known how to create antimatter artificially in physics labs – in the superhot environments created by crashing atoms together at nearly the speed of light.
Here is one of the biggest and most enduring mysteries in science: why do we live in a matter-dominated universe? What process caused matter to survive and antimatter to all but disappear? One possibility: that large amounts of antimatter have survived down the eons alongside matter.
In 1928, a young physicist, Paul Dirac, wrote equations that predicted the existence of antimatter. Dirac showed that every type of particle has a twin, exactly identical but of opposite charge. As Dirac saw it, the electron and the positron are mirror images of each other. With all the same properties, they would behave in exactly the same way whether in realms of matter or antimatter. It became clear, though, that ours is a matter universe. The Apollo astronauts went to the moon and back, never once getting annihilated. Solar cosmic rays proved to be matter, not antimatter.
It stands to reason that when the universe was more tightly packed, that it would have experienced an “annihilation catastrophe” that cleared the universe of large chunks of the stuff. Unless antimatter somehow became separated from its twin at birth and exists beyond our field of view, scientists are left to wonder: why do we live in a matter-dominated universe? | <urn:uuid:7760f66e-32bb-4cdf-8942-18290719f38a> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://myscienceacademy.org/tag/electrons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806317.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121055145-20171121075145-00263.warc.gz | en | 0.94211 | 2,817 | 4.1875 | 4 |
The human being after populating the Earth completely has created colonies to live in what he calls cities. We waste energy of all types, a capital sin in the wild world in which we develop as a species. The great global tribe has conquered everyone.
Just as the tribe live outside the global culture, there is an animal on the other side of the world which has also found itself alone.
In these shallow coastal waters of the Caribbean lives one of the few remaining populations of manatees in the world. The manatee belongs to the zoological order of the sirenians.
They are the only marine mammals that feed exclusively on plants, and for that reason they are sometimes called ‘sea cows’.
They share a common ancestor with the elephants, but the sirenians remained in the water. When, some 38 million years ago, the land climate became colder, the forests of marine plants receded and left them confined in just a few parts of the world.
They are slow, trusting, pacific and enormous, weighing up to 1,600 kilos. The largest sirenian, the Steller’s sea cow, was exterminated by man in the 18th century, and weighed 7,000 kilos.
To make matters even worse, their meat is delicious, which is why they have always been massacred. In the 17th century, the Dutch merchants sent up to twenty ships a year to Europe, laden with manatee meat.
Their docility, their low reproductive capacity and their delicious meat do not bode well for survival in the modern world.
Manatees for the moment they are still there, oddities marginalized from mammalian evolution.
In the Galapagos Islands, geographical isolation led to the colonising species evolving and adapting in unique ways, uninfluenced by what was happening on the large continents.
Not only the archipelago as a whole, but even in many cases each island, imposed its own rules on the new arrivals.
For those that can travel easily, such as the birds or marine mammals, this was not a problem, but for the land species it was a matter of life or death.
5 million years ago, these islands arose from the sea, and so have never had any contact whatsoever with the continent of America, which lies some1,000 kilometres away.
The recently-created volcanic soil received the first seeds and at some point the ancestors of this iguana must have arrived onboard a drifting log.
Here, they did not find much food. But, on the other hand, nor were there the legions of predators of the continent. So, despite everything, they managed to survive.
The turtles followed a similar process, and thanks to this marginal evolution they reached incredible sizes, with weights of around 200 kilos. Moreover, they developed into 14 different subspecies, some of them with notable morphological differences.
The geographical isolation of the Galapagos Islands deprived these animals of the resources available to the mainstream majority, but in exchange it accelerated the adaptation process, creating its own particular survival strategies. | <urn:uuid:5bdf4219-d4e2-4f7d-b598-f8792aa528ae> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://planetdoc.tv/documentary-the-great-global-tribe-part-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202711.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323020538-20190323042538-00023.warc.gz | en | 0.965284 | 636 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Fighting Sepsis with Real-Time Analytics
With many diseases, doctors have the benefit of a blood test that, more or less, definitively proves the presence of the disease. But for other conditions, such as sepsis–a bacterial infection state that kills millions of people each year–there is no single clear-cut test. But thanks to new big data techniques that can continuously monitor and analyze the interplay of more than 100 signs and potential symptoms of sepsis, hospitals are detecting the condition earlier, and saving both lives and money.
Sepsis is an inflammatory disease state that occurs when the human body initiates an overwhelming immune response to an initial infection. It takes a surprisingly high toll on people in this country and around the world. Conservative estimates have the disease effecting 1 to 2 percent of all hospital patients in the United States, or about 750,000 Americans per year, and killing up to half of those diagnosed. However, new research suggests that sepsis is actually much more prevalent than initially thought, and that it could be killing 3 million Americans per year, and between 15 million and 20 million globally.
The fuzziness around the numbers is part of the problem. It’s difficult to get a positive diagnosis of sepsis because it mimics so many other conditions. Its major symptoms–fever, chills, rapid breathing and heart rate, rash, confusion, and disorientation–are symptoms of other diseases and conditions. Once sepsis is diagnosed, intravenous antibiotics must be applied immediately to save the patient. These drugs are not cheap, and the cost to fight sepsis in the U.S. is estimated to be between $30 billion to $50 billion.
That a little known disease state could be wreaking such havoc on the lives and budgets of millions of people was intriguing to a small group of technologist in Southern California. Steve Nathan and Christopher Rosin were working in other areas of healthcare analytics, when they learned about sepsis.
“We were partnering with a company that provided automatic collection of the data that streams off the bedside monitors–the heart rate, the respiratory rate, etc. and we started to get interested in doing something predictive and interesting with that data,” Nathan says. “We stepped back and realized that, for a complex disease state like sepsis, there’s a lot of subjectivity and ambiguity for a clinician in analyzing those clinical variables.”
The problem is, you can’t just look at the vital signs coming off those bedside machines. “You’ve got to look at all of the available the data because you might find a signal in an unexpected place or a combination of places,” Nathan tells Datanami.
Amara Health Analytics was created with the initial goal of developing a system that could help clinicians identify sepsis in a patient earlier and more accurately than the traditional methods hospitals are using. The cloud-based system they built, called Clinical Vigilance for Sepsis, has been installed at four hospitals, and is on its way to being a big data success story in healthcare.
How It Works
Amara’s Clinical Vigilance system is composed of online and offline components. Much of the hardcore data science work that Rosin and the Amara team put into the system takes place in a proprietary big data repository filled with millions of historical patient records. Here, Rosin and his team trained machine learning algorithms to find the various signals that correlate with sepsis.
“We’ve built a predictive model that looks at all the available data and look at the earliest strong indication that we can find for a patient who will eventually be diagnosed with sepsis,” Rosin tells Datanami. “We’ve used machine learning techniques to look for the early signal that a patient’s headed to treatment and diagnosis for sepsis. We’ve really been able to find it. It’s hybrid of established guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and the predictive model.”
Whereas the Surviving Sepsis Campaign trains doctors and nurses to look at about 20 different data variables, Amara’s Clinical Vigilance system casts a much wider net, and looks at more than 100 different variables, which also includes facts derived from raw data. Inputs into the system include real-time telemetry data from bedside machines; structured data, such as such as medical codes and other numeric values; and unstructured data, such as doctor’s notes, operative reports, and discharge summaries. These are the sources of data that get collected by Amara’s system at runtime.
The Clinical Vigilance runtime is a pure Java-based application. Data for each patient is continuously collected and stored in memory. Doctor’s notes and other written data sources are run through natural language processing (NLP) routines to extract meaning. These NLP routines are critical to the system because some of the symptoms of sepsis, such as altered mental states, are subjective determinations that can only be deduced by understanding doctors’ notes.
When Clinical Vigilance detects that a patient is headed toward sepsis, the system sends a text alert to the doctor or nurse. That is the only clinical interface to the system. The company uses the DataStax Enterprise NoSQL database to store all the clinical data for the purpose of running queries and generating reports for hospitals. The company was leaning toward a NoSQL system because of the need to have flexible schemas, and finally selected DataStax’s Cassandra distribution primarily because of its strong Lucene-based search capabilities.
Saving Lives and Money
Amara’s capability to find signals across potentially millions of data points for a single patient is the source of its big data-driven sepsis breakthrough.
“It does not come down to one signal. It’s multiple factors and it tends to be different from one patient to another,” Rosin says. “Sepsis is a disease state that researchers have been broadly looking for one signal and diagnostic companies have been looking for the one biomarker, and no one’s really found it. And we haven’t either. There are different criteria that apply to different patients. It ends up being pretty complex, which is okay for us, because we have millions of patient records available to us for data mining. That lets us derive a model that has significant complexity, while still allowing us to verify it.”
Hospitals that adopt Clinical Vigilance are able to detect sepsis earlier, which translates into quicker administration of antibiotics and a shorter stay in the hospital. For a 300-bed hospital, the average savings is about $2 million in direct savings, as measured in the length of stay.
Amara’s system also has a low rate of false positives. “Many companies have attempted to do a sepsis alerting system, but almost all of them have suffered from high false positives,” Nathan says. “What we do both with natural language processing and machine learning algorithms is look at the entire context of the patient before the alert is sent out. Our specificity–the accuracy of the system across all adult patients–is about 99 percent, much higher than competitors.”
Amara is targeting sepsis today, but sees the potential to broaden its reach to provide early detection of other diseases in the future. In addition to specific diseases, such as acute kidney injury and cardiac conditions, Amara is considering a big data approach to identifying general patient deterioration with any underlying root cause.
The potential for hospitals to make use of big data is just now being realized. “The data that hospitals are now collecting on a massive scale, this EHR [electronic health record] data–it’s goldmine for applications like this,” Nathan says. “We’ve hit the tipping point now for medical records. It doesn’t mean that all hospitals are fully digitized yet. But it’s really underway.” | <urn:uuid:1721116c-9e00-406e-8e76-a1963d4d2afe> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://www.datanami.com/2014/03/04/fighting_sepsis_with_real-time_analytics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660548.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00041-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949858 | 1,674 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Table of Contents
What are Seashells?
A seashell is a hard, protective exoskeleton created by sea-dwelling invertebrates that is frequently seen washed up on beaches across the world. Molluscs, crabs, oysters, barnacles, brachiopods, annelid worms, and sea urchins are the most frequent creatures that generate seashells.
While the majority of seashells are exterior, certain species (such as cephalopods) have internal ones. Because the seashell is a component of the animal, empty shells indicate that it died of natural causes or was eaten by another species. Calcium carbonate and a little amount of protein make up seashells.
How Seashell Form?
The extracellular secretion of proteins forms different layers of seashells, which are later coated by calcium carbonate. As a result, the shell grows from the bottom up, with the continuous secretion of new material at the animal-shell interface. The mantle is the tissue responsible for shell development.
The mantle is located at the point where the animal’s body meets the shell. To fit the greater size of the animal and offer appropriate protection, the shell expands and becomes progressively robust as the animal grows. The mantle produces three different layers of the shell:
i. Outer Proteinaceous Periosteum
The protein on the outside the non-calcified layer on the shell’s outer surface is known as aceous periosteum. It is made up of a thin, rigid coating of black protein that protects the shell’s edge as it develops. This layer also serves as a structural basis for the succeeding layers, as well as allowing calcium ions to accumulate, which promotes crystallisation.
ii. Prismatic Layer
The prismatic layer, which is composed of a hard, prismatic calcium carbonate with a chalky appearance, is the middle layer of the shell. The same specialised mantle cells create the prismatic and periosteum layers.
iii. Inner Pearly Layer (Nacre)
The inner pearly layer is likewise calcified, but it is a pearly lamellar material produced by mantle surface epithelial cells. Nacre is also known as “Mother of Pearl” because of its incredible strength. Nacre is made up of a “brick-like” arrangement of calcium carbonate sheets interspersed with biopolymers, which gives it elasticity, strength, and crack resistance.
Types of Seashell
Seashells come in a wide range of species, each of which is recognised by the species from which it is derived. Mollusc-produced seashells are by far the most frequent forms of seashell seen on beaches. Other species that generate seashells include sea urchins, corals, arthropods, and brachiopods, in addition to molluscs. The morphology of each can be used to differentiate them.
i. Mollusk Shells
While both marine and freshwater mollusc species exist, marine species are considerably more numerous. Gastropods (snails) and bivalves (clams) are the most common molluscs, and they come in a variety of colours and sizes.
Molluscs also include cephalopods (such as squid) with an interior shell, as well as chitons. Scaphopods have tiny, tusk-shaped shells, and chitins have a shell made up of eight distinct plates that overlap yet flex to allow the creature to move while still providing protection.
Bivalves are the most common seashell seen on beaches, and they include both saltwater and freshwater species. Bivalves are made up of two shells that are linked by a flexible hinge and shelter and protect the organism inside.
Filter-feeding bivalves with eyes and an open circulatory system are commonly collected for pearls. Oysters, mussels, clams, and scallops are examples of common bivalve species. The following is an example of bivalves:
Gastropods: Gastropods are sea snails with spiral or conical shells, the majority of which are spiral or conical. Gastropod shells are typically tiny, but they can vary in overall form and size. Hermit crabs like gastropod seashells, which are the most prevalent form of shell. Gastropod shells are generally covered in a thick coating of nacre, which makes them extremely resistant.
Arthropods: Arthropods are crustacean species (such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters) with a hard exoskeleton made of chitin and calcium carbonate that is shed as the animal matures. The carapace is made up of many plates that make up the exoskeleton. The animal is susceptible throughout the moulting process until the new exoskeleton solidifies because the exoskeleton must be removed. The exoskeleton is frequently washed up on beaches and can be classed as a “seashell” in the broadest sense.
Annelids: Annelids are a group of marine worms that have a hard calcium carbonate tube that resembles a seashell. In contrast to mollusc shells, annelid tubes have only two layers: a protein layer and a calcium carbonate layer. Some species burrow or attach their tubes to the substrate.
The lamp shell, which resembles clams in appearance, is the most common brachiopod. Brachiopods come in a variety of sizes and have two shells called “valves” that protect the organism’s dorsal and ventral surfaces and are connected by muscle or a hinge.
The valves are made up of three layers, similar to mollusc shells: an exterior layer made up of proteins, a middle layer made up of calcium carbonate, and an interior layer made up of calcium and protein. Brachiopods, like molluscs, have a mantle at the hinge that secretes the different components that make up the shell.
iv. Sea Urchins
Sea urchins have a hard shell made of calcium carbonate called a “test,” as well as a dermis and epidermis that enclose the organs. Five different grooves are scattered throughout the test, each with two rows of calcium carbonate plates. Tubercles cover the plates and serve as a connection for the sea urchin’s distinctive spines. A peritoneum, or inner lining, is also present in the test. The following is an example of a sea urchin test:
Corals: Both hard and soft corals can wash up on the beach, and both have a calcium carbonate skeleton or skeletal components. Hard coral polyps have a skeletal tube made up of vertical plates called septocostae (pictured below), which are connected by a coenosteum and a thin covering known as an epitheca. Soft corals, on the other hand, develop spiky sclerites as a result of protein chain cross-linking and/or calcium carbonate production.
Coccolithophore: Coccolithophores are phytoplankton that produce calcium carbonate exoskeletons called “coccoliths.” Coccoliths are translucent and may be shed and duplicated as the animal grows, allowing for the passage of light necessary for photosynthesis. While the exact function of this type of seashell is unknown, it is thought that coccoliths give protection from predators as well as the marine environment.
- Molluscan shell colour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc . 2017 May;92(2):1039-1058.
- Salmonella and eggs: from production to plate. Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2015 Feb 26;12(3):2543-56.
- The evolution of mollusc shells. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol . 2018 May;7(3):e313. | <urn:uuid:53214abc-5e41-4304-93e9-0cba5f2ffe7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://notesbard.com/seashell-definition-types-and-examples/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662517245.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517095022-20220517125022-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.941081 | 1,706 | 4.21875 | 4 |
in the collection
State Education Agency Report Cards
Disaggregated information on student achievement at each proficiency level
Information on student achievement at each proficiency level must be disaggregated by the following groups: (Note that different states have different names for these levels, but NCLB requires that there must be two levels that describe high achievement such as advanced and proficient, and a third level that provides information about lower performing students, such as basic. Some states report on five levels, for example). See Action Brief on Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP).
•Major racial and ethnic groups
•Students with disabilities
•Limited English Proficient (LEP)
•Gender and by migrant status (these subgroups are for reporting purposes only, and are not among the required subgroups that determine AYP)
Two-Year Achievement Trend Data
Each report card should include the most recent 2-year trend data in student achievement for each subject and each grade.
Comparisons Between Student Achievement and the State’s Academic Expectations
States are required to provide comparisons between student achievement levels and the States annual measurable objective in reading/language arts and mathematics. This comparison must be for the following subgroups:
Other Academic Indicators
Information on the other academic indicators used by the State for AYP purposes, including graduation rate for high schools, and the States “additional academic indicators” for elementary and middle schools, as defined by the State. This information must be disaggregated by the following subgroups:
AYP by Title I Schools and School Districts
States must provide information on AYP including the number and names of each school and district identified for improvement, corrective action and restructuring for school districts and schools receiving Title I, Part A funds.
States must provide the following information for public elementary and secondary school teachers in their State:
•The professional qualifications, as defined by the State, of all public elementary and secondary school teacher in the State.
•The percentage of elementary and secondary school teachers teaching with emergency or provisional credentials.
•The percentage of classes in the State not taught by highly qualified teachers as defined by NCLB Section 9101 (23), (See Teacher Quality Action Brief) in the aggregate and disaggregated by high-poverty compared to low- poverty schools which means schools in the top quartile of poverty and the bottom quartile of poverty in the State.
Other Information that the State May Include
•School attendance rates
•Average class size in each grade
•Achievement and gains in English proficiency of LEP students
•Incidence of school violence, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, student suspensions or student expulsion
•Percentage of students completing Advanced Placement courses, and the rate of passing Advanced Placement tests
•Description of community and parental involvement in the state, and how well the state did in informing parents and the community about NCLB and the rate of involvement
Public Education Network
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This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of education issues vital to a democracy. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information click here. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. | <urn:uuid:430f502a-5522-47c8-a3d8-50b6306a851f> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.susanohanian.org/show_nclb_news.php?id=505 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246660743.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045740-00225-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940504 | 756 | 3.28125 | 3 |
There are estimations that there are more than 600 different mathematical-statistical methods
for modeling, dealing with risk and indetermination.
Data-based modeling is characterized through consideration of expert knowledge, observation data and measurements for mapping nonlinear system behaviour. Opposite to analytical approaches data-based models "learn" complex system dynamics.
The bio-inspired paradigm of Neural Networks (NN) is based on Neuro-Biology, Neuro-Informatics, System Theory and . A low memory demand and short recall times are hereby the essential advantages for near realtime applications using high dimensional data. Contrary to classic expert systems a NN is an associative memory, so that large data bases are not needed to be linked and queried in recall phase. With the use of special approaches for data reduction it is possible to shrink down very large data sets before model calibration is started. By this memory consumption and calculation times are reduced significantly.
In case that available raw data is few the density of patterns can be increased by simulation runs. The real and virtual data is then the basis for model training.
The images below show ALEV-visualizations for some data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.
General areas of application in socio-technical and
socio-economic systems ("soft systems"):
- Classification - "Pattern Recognition",
- Prediction, and
- Decision Support.
Some areas of application in engineering ("hard systems"):
- Noise Filter,
- Replacement of missing values,
- Technical Processes (e.g. roller mills, grinding, milling and welding),
- Production Lines,
- Material Flows and Supply-Chains,
- Handling Technology, and
The TopLab guides und supports you with:
- System descriptions,
- Data collection and -coding,
- Analysis and Reporting,
- Documentation and Validation. | <urn:uuid:79fe95b3-45e5-41ee-8143-e097dd415ab6> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://toplab.at/nn_en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864387.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622084714-20180622104714-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.868054 | 386 | 3.0625 | 3 |
On Monday, January 7, Pope Francis received in the Vatican all of the Ambassadors accredited to the Holy See and gave his annual address in which he outlined various priorities of the Holy See for the upcoming year. He highlighted the importance of multilateralism, noting that this year marks the 100th anniversary of the League of Nations, which he said represents the beginning of modern multilateral diplomacy that paved the way for the 1945 establishment of the United Nations Organization. He also brought attention to the ongoing unrest in many regions of the world and the importance of assisting the people who are affected by these situations, particularly migrants and refugees.
His address follows and can also be found on the Holy See Mission website.
Watch the Pope's Audience with Diplomats in its original languages here. | <urn:uuid:54122fd7-6c05-4824-aa12-d227df0b739a> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://holyseemission.org/contents/newsletters/5c4748d83ec23.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249501174.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223122420-20190223144420-00005.warc.gz | en | 0.963573 | 156 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Major nations seem to be reducing fossil fuel subsidies but still have “ample scope” for deeper cuts in recent support of up to $200 billion (about €178 billion) a year, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) said on Monday.
Reductions in damaging subsidies for oil, coal and natural gas would reduce air pollution, save cash and help a shift to greener energies before a 30 November to 11 December UN summit in Paris on limiting climate change, it said.
The OECD, updating an inventory of subsidies, estimated the annual value for 2010-14 at between $160 billion and $200 billion, mostly for petroleum products, in the 34 OECD nations and China, India, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia and South Africa.
21 of the EU’s 28 member states are OECD nations. Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Romania, are not OECD members.
“Support now seems to follow a downward trend after having peaked twice in 2008 and 2011-12,” the OECD said, without giving exact annual figures. The Group of 20 agreed as long ago as 2009 to phase out inefficient subsidies for fossil fuels.
Among recent reforms, the OECD pointed to cuts in support by India and Mexico for diesel and gasoline. A fall in oil prices has made it easier to phase out support.
“There is clearly ample scope to save scarce budgetary resources and improve the environment in both advanced and emerging economies” with deeper cuts, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a statement.
The OECD said its numbers do not cover all factors causing artificially lower prices in emerging nations. And not all the subsidies were “unambiguously inefficient”.
The OECD said its data is not directly comparable with that of the International Energy Agency, which reckons fossil-fuel consumption subsidies worldwide amounted to $548 billion in 2013.
The OECD has been trying for more than a year to reach agreement on phasing out a form of coal subsidy that helps rich nations export technology for coal generation. Talks in Paris last week again failed to get a deal.
The negotiations will resume on 16 November, EU diplomats said.
Separately, environmental group Greenpeace said on Monday that the world could shift to 100% renewable energy by 2050.
Investments of $1 trillion a year would be offset by savings of $1.07 trillion, partly because wind and solar power are free of fuel costs once set up, unlike fossil fuels, it said in a report. | <urn:uuid:a41afcbd-b436-40f4-b26c-e4dee8042d66> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/oecd-ample-scope-for-more-cuts-in-fossil-fuel-subsidies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703547475.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124075754-20210124105754-00020.warc.gz | en | 0.938937 | 515 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The Red Orchestra was the name given to a network of communist, Soviet-affiliated spies during World War II. The group provided intelligence to the Soviet government, but also functioned as a resistance organization against the Nazis. During its three years in operation, the Red Orchestra smuggled key German secrets and documents to Allied forces, and rescued several political prisoners, mostly communist dissidents.
Leopold Trepper, a Polish-born Jew and communist activist, joined the Soviet Red Army Intelligence Service in the mid-1930s. He was later assigned to the Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), a fledgling Soviet secret police and espionage agency. Before World War II began in Europe, Trepper established a network of communist sympathizers and leftist political activists. When the war began in 1939, Trepper turned his network into a spy ring, bent on gathering Nazi secrets and other intelligence useful to the Soviet army.
Trepper's network, the Red Orchestra, soon had operating divisions, or rings, in Nazi occupied France, Belgium, Holland, and neutral Switzerland. Each ring had varying successes. The French unit provided information to Resistance fighters and infiltrated several Nazi offices in Paris, stealing documents and radio equipment. Red Orchestra agents infiltrated the German military intelligence Abwehr headquarters in Paris and successfully tapped its phones. This permitted agents to intercept intelligence information transmitted directly from Berlin.
The greatest espionage achievement of the organization, however, was that of the Swiss ring, nicknamed Lucy. The Red Orchestra unit received leaked information and a document relating to the Nazi plan to invade the Soviet Union. These documents, which included the proposed date for the launch of the offensive, were turned over to the Soviet army and government, but were wholly ignored.
Trepper's network began to crumble in 1942, when several Red Orchestra agents were arrested in Belgium. Later that year, the Gestapo tracked down Trepper himself and arrested him in Paris. The Gestapo managed to find and eliminate many Red Orchestra agents. Some rings continued to operate throughout the war, but on a smaller scale. Trepper escaped his Nazi captors and tried to rebuild his group, but by 1944 the Red Orchestra network had been largely dissolved.
█ FURTHER READING:
Tarrant, V. E. The Red Orchestra, the Soviet Spy Network Inside Nazi Europe. New York: Bantam, 1996.
"Red Orchestra." Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. . Encyclopedia.com. (December 14, 2018). https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/red-orchestra
"Red Orchestra." Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. . Retrieved December 14, 2018 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/red-orchestra
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How much do you know about stress? Surveys and research reveal that
- in an estimated 75-90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress-related complaints or disorders;
- more than 40 percent of all adults suffer from stress-related adverse health effects;
Stress has been linked to all the leading causes of premature mortality, including heart disease, cancer, respiratory ailments, accidents, cirrhosis, and suicide. But stress is a normal part of life. Many events, some happy and joyous–a new job, relocation, marriage, or the birth of a child-can be stressful, Stress is also more typically associated with somber events, such as divorce or a death in the family. Even holidays or buying a new car can cause stress.
Everyone responds differently to stress-inducing events in their lives. What one person ignores or finds challenging may cause stress in another. So, do you suffer from stress?
Symptoms Some of the most common signs and symptoms of stress are
- constant fatigue;
- in muscle tightness or tension;
- loss or increase in appetite
- grinding of teeth or jaws;
- general complaints such as weakness, dizziness, headache stomachache, or back pain
Many of these symptoms may be caused by other health problems, such as the flu, but if you have one or more of these symptoms that last longer than a week, talk to your physician. You may be suffering from stress.
So, you’re under stress. How can you learn to reduce stress or control its negative consequences? Here are a few simple tips that can help reduce or control stress.
- Identify the causes of stress in your life.
- Share your thoughts and feelings with someone else.
- Avoid sad thoughts; try not to get depressed.
- Simplify your life as much as possible.
- Learn to manage your time effectively.
- Understand that drugs and alcohol cannot solve life’s problems.
- Exercise regularly
- Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing.
- Develop your sense of humor, and make time for fun.
- If necessary, seek professional help.
Many sources of help are out there. Often, just talking to a friend can help, but if that doesn’t work, talk to your minister, priest, rabbi, or other spiritual counselor, or a licensed therapist. In addition, many companies provide access to an employee assistance program (EAP), which can provide a wealth of confidential professional counseling resources to help you, your family, or your fellow employees through difficult or stressful periods in life.
- Finally, remember: it’s your life. Successfully managing stress leads to a healthier, happier, and more productive life.
For more information, go to Mayo Clinic’s recommendations on coping with stress: www. mayoclinic.com/health/coping-with-stress/SROO030, or CDC’s website: www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/pub/coping with_stress_tips.html, | <urn:uuid:870d3c9c-75a2-43aa-9ee1-0ae47788a375> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.lptribe.net/2020/05/18/facing-up-to-stress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107919459.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20201031151830-20201031181830-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.944376 | 637 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Third person singular present tense grammar games for students to practice or learn vocabulary through all four disciplines; reading, writing, listening and speaking. All of the games have sound, so you can listen and check your understanding, practice conversation, or just listen and repeat. There are 10+ activities with each topic providing a lot of practice for ESL students or just use them as games for kids to learn spelling and vocabulary online.
Daily Routines Vocabulary Games- learn English vocabulary, present tense grammar formation, and language in use for everyday actions and activities. Practice the daily routine English vocabulary with these fun games. You can practice spelling, vocabulary, speaking, questions and answers, as well as check your grammar with these free online activities for adults, teens, kids, kindergarten and preschool.
This game focuses on daily routines within the four skills sections. There is a daily routines vocabulary practice section and a daily routines vocabulary spelling section. The straight vocabulary learning games help students to learn the words and increase vocabulary retention. There are some question and answer games for students to practice using the vocabulary in English conversation which should not only increase speaking competence but also strengthen their lexical knowledge. The question and answer activities are associated with the ESL Curriculum for Kids - Unit 9.
The questions and answers for this game are as follows.
For teaching materials to match this game check out the links below:
More activities and games to learn English:
adjectives 1, adjectives 2, animals 1, animals 2, bedroom, body parts, can, Christmas, classroom, colors, daily routines, family, feelings, food, future tense, fruit, Halloween, health problems, insects, months, nature, numbers 1-10, numbers 11-20, past tense, people, plural nouns 1, plural nouns spelling, plural nouns irregular, prepositions of place, telling time, transportation, vegetables, verbs 1, verbs 2, verbs 3, weather
Update: From September 2014 to December 2014, I will be adding one or two new games a week until the new year. The first two are the new Halloween Game and the new Christmas Game. Lots more to come!
|Full End User License Agreement - synopsis: You are free to use any resource on this site as an end user and MES grants you an End User License with the following restrictions: You may not redistribute, copy, modify, transfer, transmit, repackage, re-engineer, charge for, or sell any of the materials from this site. All materials are provided as is. MES is not responsible for delivery, cultural appropriateness, errors, losses or damages associated with use of MES sites. Use at your own risk and discretion. MES reserves the right to terminate or make changes to this agreement for any reason and without notice.| | <urn:uuid:800ab4d9-6a77-43e8-b453-5985b98b59e4> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.mes-games.com/dailyroutines.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657136181.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011216-00223-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922147 | 575 | 3.125 | 3 |
Zhores Alferov's Life in Communist Science
The life and work of a leading Soviet physicist and an exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet science from Stalin through Gorbachev.
In 2000, Russian scientist Zhores Alferov shared the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the heterojunction, a semiconductor device the practical applications of which include LEDs, rapid transistors, and the microchip. The Prize was the culmination of a career in Soviet science that spanned the eras of Stalin, Khrushchev, and Gorbachev—and continues today in the postcommunist Russia of Putin and Medvedev.
In Lenin's Laureate, historian Paul Josephson tells the story of Alferov's life and work and examines the bureaucratic, economic, and ideological obstacles to doing state-sponsored scientific research in the Soviet Union. Lenin and the Bolsheviks built strong institutions for scientific research, rectifying years of neglect under the Czars. Later generations of scientists, including Alferov and his colleagues, reaped the benefits, achieving important breakthroughs: the first nuclear reactor for civilian energy, an early fusion device, and, of course, the Sputnik satellite. Josephson's account of Alferov's career reveals the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet science—a schizophrenic environment of cutting-edge research and political interference. Alferov, born into a family of Communist loyalists, joined the party in 1967. He supported Gorbachev's reforms in the 1980s, but later became frustrated by the recession-plagued postcommunist state's failure to fund scientific research adequately. An elected member of the Russian parliament since 1995, he uses his prestige as a Nobel laureate to protect Russian science from further cutbacks.
Drawing on extensive archival research and the author's own discussions with Alferov, Lenin's Laureate offers a unique account of Soviet science, presented against the backdrop of the USSR's turbulent history from the revolution through perestroika.
Hardcover$7.75 S | £6.99 ISBN: 9780262014588 320 pp. | 9 in x 6 in 23 b&w illus.
Lenin's Laureate is science biography at its best: a penetrating study of the driving forces of the Russian scientific community. Josephson's exceptional storytelling weaves together research aspirations, big politics, and lyrical poetry to create this multifaceted portrait of a leading physicist struggling to assert scientific values and to uphold the value of science through political and economic turmoil. To solve the riddle of Russian science—why it produced Nobel laureates under Communism and faltered under the new democratic regime—read this book.
author of From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A History of Soviet Cybernetics
In Lenin's Laureate, Paul Josephson examines a scientific community in a profoundly unpredictable environment, focusing on a single figure with the talent and savvy (as well as sheer good fortune) to succeed in that environment. The result is a warm and sympathetic portrayal of a complex individual. The life of Zhores Alferov provides a well-chosen window onto the history of more than half a century of Soviet and post-Soviet science.
Department of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University | <urn:uuid:ee153bca-b703-4c5d-9ba9-787be7b19709> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/lenins-laureate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945669.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180423011954-20180423031954-00620.warc.gz | en | 0.929147 | 663 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Student Financial Aid
How It Works
Financial aid is designed to help students and their families cover the costs associated with pursuing higher education, including tuition and fees, books and supplies, transportation, and meals and housing.
Financial need is the determining factor and is the crucial criterion for most types of aid. However, there are some loan programs for students and parents of students for which need is not a criterion. See the following section on Program Highlights for the various options available. Some scholarships do not include need as a criterion.
So what is need? Need is the difference between what it costs to go to college and what the student and family can afford to contribute towards those costs.
The basic financial aid formula:
What It Costs to Attend
- What the Student and Family Can Pay
= Financial Need
Students are generally eligible to receive assistance through financial aid in the amount up to their financial need.
Types of Financial Aid
Grants are awards of money that do not have to be paid back. Grants are usually awarded to students with financial need.
The Work-Study program enables students to earn money from part-time jobs on campus and off-campus at approved non-profit organizations.
Loans are funds that have to be paid back, usually after a student has graduated or left school. Students are asked to complete entrance and exit counseling requirements if they choose to borrow money through the student loan programs.
Scholarships have varying criteria that may or may not include financial need and can often include academic achievement, community service, or major.
The Office of Student Financial Aid may award a student a combination of grants, loans, and work to meet the student's need. At SF State, financial aid funds are provided by the federal government and the State of California. Scholarships can be awarded through the University or outside organizations.
Applying for Financial Aid
To determine what the student and family can pay towards the student's educational expenses, the student must apply for financial aid. The federal and state government have established formulas to compute the family's contribution based on information regarding the family's income, assets, and the number of family members in college. For a student who is considered to be dependent, the student and the parents complete the application. For students considered to be independent, the student and spouse (if married) complete the application.
The first step in applying for financial aid is to determine which application you should complete. Citizens, permanent residents, eligible non-citizens, and T Visa holders should complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and submit it to the Federal Student Aid Program to apply for federal and state aid. Undocumented students who meet the AB 540 criteria or U Visa Holders should fill out the California Dream Application and submit it to the California Student Aid Commission. These applications should be completed beginning October 1st through the priority date of March 2nd prior to each upcoming academic year. The FAFSA is available at www.fafsa.ed.gov and the CA Dream Application at www.caldreamact.org or from high schools and college financial aid offices. For SF State to receive an electronic copy of the FAFSA or the DREAM, the student must include “San Francisco State University” and the code number “001154” on the college release section of the FAFSA or DREAM application.
About four weeks after the student submits the FAFSA or the DREAM, the student will receive a document called the Student Aid Report, and SF State will receive the electronic copy of the FAFSA or CA Dream Application. SF State will notify the student to submit verification documents if necessary. Verification documents may include the IRS tax transcripts and documentation of household size.
The FAFSA is the basic application for all types of federal and state aid. The CA Dream application is the basic application for all types of state aid. Cal Grants require students to submit their GPA verification prior to March 2nd to be considered. Other fellowships and scholarships require an additional application and have different deadlines. See the Program Highlights section below for details.
General Eligibility Requirements
To receive federal student aid, a student must be a citizen, national, or permanent resident of the U.S.; be enrolled in an academic program leading to a degree or certificate; not owe a repayment on any previous federal or state grant; be in good standing on previous student loans; and have a social security number. To receive state aid, a student must be a resident of California or meet the AB 540 criteria.
AB 540 Students
To meet the AB 540 eligibility criteria, students must have: completed three years of high school or primary school in California, graduated from a California high school or the equivalent, not hold a valid visa, and submit a nonresident tuition exemption form to the University prior to the first day of the semester. Students who meet these criteria and file a California DREAM application by the priority deadline will be considered for all forms of state aid. For more information, visit http://financialaid.sfsu.edu/
Satisfactory Academic Progress
To maintain eligibility for financial aid at SF State, students must not have attempted more than 150% of the units for their degree. Students must also complete a minimum percentage of units attempted while maintaining good academic standing with the University. Go to http://financialaid.sfsu.edu/ for more information.
Each year the Office of Student Financial Aid establishes standard budgets to reflect the expenses for students attending SF State for the nine-month academic year. The budgets differ for students living with their parents and for students living in campus housing or off-campus housing. The standard budgets used for 2017-2018 are detailed below (undergraduates only). Non-resident students pay per academic unit non-resident tuition plus the State University tuition and fees.
Student Expenses for Nine Months — 2017-2018
For Undergraduate Students Enrolled in Seven or More Units
|Expenses||At home with Parents||On - or - Off Campus|
|Resident Tuition Fees||$6,484||$6,468|
|Meals and Housing||14,502||13,882|
|Books and Supplies||1,948||1,900|
The Federal Pell Grant Program is a federal aid program for undergraduate students and students in teaching credential programs with exceptional need. Grants range from $318 to $2,960 per semester. Enrollment requirement: full time = 12 units; three-quarter time = 9-11 units; half-time = 6-8 units. Award is prorated depending upon enrollment.
The Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) is a federal program which provides aid to undergraduate students with exceptional financial need. Students must be eligible for a Federal Pell Grant. Annual awards at SF State range from $100 to $500.
The State University Grant is a grant for students who are California residents or meet the AB 540 criteria, who pay state resident tuition, and who have exceptional financial need. This grant is awarded to undergraduates, students in the teaching credential program, and graduates to cover the amount of CSU systemwide resident tuition.
The Educational Opportunity Program Grant (EOP) is a grant provided by the State of California for undergraduate students admitted to the University through the Educational Opportunity Program. EOP students must have financial need and must be enrolled full time to receive the grant. Awards range from $100 to $800 for the academic year, depending on the availability of funds and the need of the students.
The California Student Aid Commission awards grants to students who are California residents or meet the AB 540 criteria. For new applicants, the deadline to apply for the different programs is March 2nd prior to the upcoming academic year (for example, for the 2019 - 2020 academic year, the deadline is March 2, 2019). In addition to the FAFSA or DREAM, the student’s Grade Point Average (GPA) must be submitted to the Commission by the student’s current school of attendance by the March 2nd deadline. More information about the grants discussed below can be provided by high school counselors, financial aid offices, and the California Student Aid Commission at www.csac.ca.gov or 888-224-7268.
- Cal Grant A is awarded by the State of California for entering and continuing undergraduate students who are California residents or meet AB540 criteria and demonstrate academic achievement and financial need. Awards cover the amount of CSU systemwide resident tuition per academic year.
- Cal Grant B is awarded to entering students from disadvantaged, low-income families. Awards include a stipend of up to $1,670 and, after the first year, also cover the amount of CSU systemwide resident tuition for the academic year.
University Administered Scholarships are awarded to students based on academic achievement and financial need. A separate application is required for scholarships directly administered through the Office of Student Financial Aid. Some academic departments on campus also have University scholarships. Students should check with the college or department office about other scholarship opportunities.
Outside Scholarships. The Office of Student Financial Aid has information on some outside scholarships. Students are encouraged to contact organizations such as Marin Educational Foundation, parent-teacher groups, community service organizations, employers, etc. for scholarship information. Reference desks in university and public libraries also provide scholarship resource materials.
The Federal Work-Study Program provides employment opportunities on campus to both graduate and undergraduate students with financial need. Students may work a maximum of twenty hours per week. The hourly salary range begins at minimum wage and is higher for jobs that require experience or specific skills. A Work-Study award is not a cash award like a loan or a grant. To use a Work-Study award, a student must find a Work-Study job with a certified Work-Study employer; then the student will receive a monthly paycheck. It is recommended that students seek employment as early as possible because jobs are limited and a Work-Study award is not a guarantee of employment.
The Federal Perkins Loan is a federal program providing long-term, low-interest loans to students who are enrolled full time. Awards at SF State depend upon the availability of funds and generally range from $300 to $2,000 per academic year. Interest of 5% begins nine months from the date the borrower is no longer enrolled at least halftime. Repayment, at a minimum rate of $90 quarterly, begins three months after interest starts to accrue. Information regarding deferments, cancellations, and repayment provisions is provided on the loan promissory note. A borrower may have all or part of his or her loan (including interest) canceled for engaging in teaching, public service, service in the Peace Corps or Americorps*VISTA, or service in the military. An entrance interview is required for all first-time borrowers at SF State.
The William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program (FDSL) has two components—the subsidized loan and the unsubsidized loan. The Subsidized Loan is available to undergraduate students with financial need. The interest is paid by the federal government while the student is in school at least half-time and during the grace or in-school deferment periods. The Unsubsidized Loan is available to undergraduate and graduate students who have limited or no financial need. The interest on an unsubsidized loan must be paid by the student while enrolled in school, and during any grace or in-school deferment periods. A student may choose to have the interest deferred, which adds the deferred interest to the principle. This is called capitalization. Having the interest capitalized will mean larger monthly payments when the student begins repayment. All first-time borrowers are required to complete entrance counseling and sign a Master Promissory Note (MPN).
The FDSL maximums vary depending on the student’s class level and dependency status.
Annual Limits for FDSL Program
|Academic Year||Maximum Annual Combined Total|
|Junior, Senior, Credential||$7,500|
|Academic Year||Maximum Annual Combined Total|
|FDSL Subsidized and Unsubsidized|
|Classified Graduate (Unsubsidized Only)||$20,500|
Loan repayment begins at the end of a six-month grace period after the student leaves school or ceases to be enrolled on at least a half-time basis. If the student is enrolled less than half time, they are considered to be in the grace period. Various loan repayment options are available. Exit counseling is required at the time of graduation or separation from the University.
Parent Loans (PLUS) provides loans through banks and other participating lending institutions for parents of dependent students. Financial need is not a factor in determining a parent's eligibility for this loan program. Interest begins to accrue when the loan is disbursed. Repayment begins 60 days after the loan is disbursed. The loan limit for Parent Loans is equal to the student's budget less financial aid awarded.
Graduate PLUS Loan provides loans through banks and other participating lending institutions for classified master's degree students. Financial need is not a factor in determining a student's eligibility for this loan program. The interest begins to accrue when the loan is disbursed. Repayment begins 60 days after the loan is disbursed. The loan limit for the Graduate PLUS is equal to the student's budget less financial aid awarded.
Short-Term Loans are available for a maximum of $500 on a 30-day repayment basis. The purpose of the short-term loan is to help students with unanticipated expenses that are school-related. Students may pick up an application from the Bursar's Office.
Students should call, write, or visit the Office of Student Financial Aid (415) 338-7000, email: email@example.com—if they have questions or for individual help. Counselors are available to assist students in person during office hours at the One-Stop Center on the first floor of the Student Services building.
Office hours are Monday - Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Nationally Competitive and CSU Fellowships and Awards
San Francisco State’s Fellowships Office is available to assist undergraduate and graduate students in applying for nationally competitive scholarships, fellowships, and grants as well as CSU systemwide scholarships and awards. These awards include generous funding for graduate studies, as well as research experience and prestigious internships in the U.S. and abroad. Competitive applicants are passionate, engaged students with strong records of academic achievement, leadership, and public service activities. Preparing for these wonderful opportunities requires work well in advance of submission deadlines to find fellowships that match your interests and experience, to plan your academic and extracurricular life to develop your qualifications, and to perfect your application essays. To explore the possibility of pursuing a nationally competitive fellowship, search the Fellowships Office website for opportunities in your field or area of professional interest http://fellowships.sfsu.edu/, then make an appointment with Dr. Joy Viveros, firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:1bd0c93c-4f7a-4b98-ab5c-938b598c8560> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | http://bulletin.sfsu.edu/fees-financial-aid/student-financial-aid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488559139.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624202437-20210624232437-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.943154 | 3,124 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martin Aspilcueta
|←Asperges||Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), Volume 1
|The Ass (in Caricature of Christian Beliefs and Practices)→|
Generally known as Navarrus, or Doctor Navarrus, a famous Spanish canonist and moral theologian; b. in the Kingdom of Navarre, 13 December, 1491; d. at Rome, 1 June, 1586. He was a relative of St. Francis Xavier, studied at Alcalá and in France, and became professor of canon law at Toulouse and Cahors. Later, he returned to Spain and occupied the same chair for fourteen years at Salamanca, and for seven years at Coimbra in Portugal. At the age of eighty he went to Rome to defend his friend Bartolomeo Carranza, Archbishop of Toledo, accused before the Tribunal of the Inquisition. Though he failed to exculpate the Archbishop, Aspilcueta was highly honoured at Rome by several popes, and was looked on as an oracle of learning and prudence. His humility, disinterestedness, and charity were proverbial. He reached the patriarchal age of 95, and is buried at Rome in the national Church of San Antonio de' Portoghesi. Among other lives of Aspilcueta there is one by his nephew, prefixed to the Roman edition of his works. His "Manuale sive Enchiridion Confessariorum et Pnitentium" (Rome, 1568) originally written in Spanish, was long a classical text in the schools and in ecclesiastical practice. In his work on the revenues of benefices, first published in Spanish (Salamanca, 1566), translated into Latin (1568), and dedicated to Philip II and St. Pius V, he maintained that beneficed clergymen were free to expend the fruits of their benefices only for their own necessary support and that of the poor. He wrote numerous other works, e.g. on the Breviary, the regulars, ecclesiastical property, the jubilee year, etc. A complete edition of his works was printed at Rome in 1590 (3 vols. fol.); also at Lyons, 1590; Venice, 1602; and Cologne, 1615 (2 vols. fol.). A compendium of his writings was made by J. Dastellanus (Venice, 1598).
GIRAUD, Bibli. Sacr., II 334-336 (gives list of his writings); HURTER, Nomenclator, (1892), I, 124-127.
THOMAS J. SHAHAN | <urn:uuid:3121260d-8f24-4296-9744-5b677698a1b8> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Martin_Aspilcueta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010851505/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091411-00089-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962518 | 563 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway
The Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway is a flood control component of the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project located on the west bank of the Mississippi River in southeast Missouri just below the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The construction of the floodway was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1928 and later modified by the Flood Control Act of 1965. Its purpose is to divert water from the Mississippi River during major flood events and lower the flood stages upstream, notably at Cairo, Illinois.
The floodway has been the focus of legal opposition by residents and landowners since its inception.
After the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the engineering policy on the Mississippi River changed from building levees high enough to withstand the greatest recorded flood to include floodways. The Flood Control Act of 1928 authorized the United States Army Corps of Engineers to construct the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway in Missouri and the Morganza Spillway and Bonnet Carre Spillway in Louisiana.
Even before its authorization, the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway was the subject of controversy. In June 1927, President Calvin Coolidge instructed the Mississippi River Commission and the Corps of Engineers to develop a plan to protect the Mississippi alluvial valley from future floods. The Commission recommended four floodways below the mouth of the Arkansas River and, above, stronger and higher levees set back from the channel. Chief of Engineers Maj. Gen. Edgar Jadwin rejected the costly plan and submitted one of his own. Jadwin's plan included the Birds Point-New Madrid floodway with a setback levee between 3 miles (4.8 km) and 10 miles (16 km) miles from the existing mainline levee. Eleven miles of the mainline levee were to be lowered by 3.5 feet (1.1 m) to create a fuse plug levee. At a flood stage of 55 feet (17 m) on the Cairo gage, the levee would overtop and creavasse to divert water to the floodway.
The Flood Control Act of 1928 adopted the Jadwin plan for the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway and included a provision for compensation of landowners within the floodway. President Coolidge authorized a one-time indemnity paid to landowners to flood their land and the purchase of the land adjacent to the upper fuseplug of the frontline levee. The authorization stipulated that the fuseplug was not to be constructed until at least half of the flowage rights had been secured.
|“||[My constituents] do not want to see southeast Missouri made the dumping ground to protect Cairo, much as we love Cairo.”||”|
Construction was scheduled to begin in the summer of 1929, but landowner George W. Kirk filed a lawsuit maintaining that he would be unable to sell his land or secure loans as a result of the floodway. Judge Charles B. Davis of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri ruled in favor of the government and denied an injunction. Construction of the setback levvee started in October 1929 and was completed in October 1932. Acquisition of the required flowage rights was not accomplished until January 1942.
The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954 authorized the construction of a new levee to project grade extending across the 1,500-foot (460 m) gap at the lower end of the frontline levee. However, the inability of the St. John Levee and Drainage District to obtain the necessary easements has prevented the Corps of Engineers from initiating the project.
The Flood Control Act of 1965 authorized the increase of the frontline levee to 62 feet (19 m) on the Cairo gage and the fuseplug sections to 60 feet (18 m). The MIssissippi River Commission further modified the plan to raise the fuseplug sections to 60.5 feet (18.4 m), the frontline levee to 62.5 feet (19.1 m), and the mainline levee to 65.5 feet (20.0 m) on the Cairo gage.The plan called for the use of explosives on the upper fuseplug section if the River reached 58 feet (18 m) at Cairo and was forecast to exceed 60 feet (18 m)
After the floods of 1973, 1975, and 1979, the Mississippi River Commission again revised its plan to include four artificial crevasses: two at the upper fuseplug, one at the lower fuseplug, and one on the frontline levee opposite Hickman, Kentucky. The use of explosives was expanded to all four fuseplugs. The Mississippi River Commission and the Corps of Engineers later realized that they did not have sufficient property rights to access the levee to place and detonate explosives. In 1981, the MIssissippi River Commission Memphis District commander requested entry permission from the St. John Levee and Drainage District and Levee District No. 3 of Mississippi County, Missouri, but the request was refused.
Following the 1983 flood, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) section of the upper fuseplug and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) section of the lower fuseplug were raised and embedded with sections of polyethylene pipe to be filled with liquid explosives and detonated when the Cairo flood stage reached 61 feet (19 m).
A 1990 Corps of Engineers study of alternatives to the floodway recommended a number of improvements in the floodway, but these were not authorized by Congress.
Design and operation
The purpose of the floodway is to reduce flooding at and above Cairo, Illinois, and along the east bank levee opposite the floodway during a major flood. The floodway is between 3 miles (4.8 km) and 15 miles (24 km) wide and is bounded on the east by the 56 miles (90 km) frontline levee between Bird's Point, Missouri and New Madrid, Missouri and on the west by a 36 miles (58 km) setback levee. The area within the floodway is approximately 130,000 acres (530 km2). The frontline and setback levees end near New Madrid but do not connect, leaving a 1,500-foot (460 m) gap that functions as a drainage outlet. However, the gap also permits backwater flooding in the lower portion of the floodway.
The floodway is designed to divert 550,000 cu ft/s (16,000 m3/s) from the Mississippi River during the "project design flood" hypothetical flood event. At this flow the level of the Mississippi River will drop 7 feet (2.1 m) at Cairo. Unlike the Morganza and Bonnet Carre Spillways in Louisiana, the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway does not have floodgates. The floodway is operated by a controlled destruction of the levee, either with explosives or by overtopping. The frontline levee has an 11 miles (18 km) fuseplug section of the upper levee and a 5 miles (8.0 km) section at the lower levee that are lower than adjacent sections. The operation of the floodway is directed by the president of the Mississippi River Commission after consultation with the Chief of Engineers.
1937 activation of the floodway
The first activation of the floodway was in January 1937. The river over-topped the levee, but did not erode it enough to activate the floodway. Dynamite was used to destroy the levee and activate the system. The Corps rebuilt the levee back to the original standards and it was left untouched until 1983. In 1983 they upgraded the levee to what is known as a "fuse-plug design." They laid 11,000 feet (3,400 m) of pipe that they can fill with liquid explosives and detonate to open the levee and activate the floodway.
2011 activation of the floodway
The second time the floodway was activated was on May 2, 2011. Both the Ohio and Upper Mississippi rivers were experiencing an unprecedented amount of flooding. The gauge at Cairo on May 2 was over 61.5 feet (18.7 m), the level at which the floodway is to be activated. The river levels had already prompted a mandatory evacuation of all but 100 citizens in Cairo due to the extreme high water and concern that the flood control system protecting Cairo would fail. The first of three detonations took place in the late evening of May 2, and the following detonations were planned for May 3.
The state of Missouri attempted to halt the activation of the floodway by litigation (Missouri v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), because of the disparate impact of the action upon affected Missouri residents and property owners, but were not able to halt the action.
Opponents of the plans, such as The Missouri Coalition for the Environment say it will not address the flooding problem, but instead, will only destroy fish habitat.
On average, the Mississippi River floods Mississippi County, MO & New Madrid County, MO once every three years; or, a total of 16 times over the past 45. In the spring of 2002, flooding covered over 77,400 acres (313 km2) in the New Madrid Floodway, destroying 48,700 acres (197 km2) of crops.
The flood damage, the United States Department of Agriculture says, could have been greatly limited had the Floodway Project been completed. According to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, however, the plan is unworkable; or per Senator John McCain's recitation of an earlier Washington Post article, "absolutely ridiculous".
Southeast Missourians affected by the flooding feel differently. One well respected citizen who many times has been forced to evacuate, then sit helplessly as the churning water consumed her home, put it like this: "It is vital for our community. If you don't get to work, you can't pay your mortgage."
U.S. Rep. Jo Ann Emerson, R-MO, who represents the bootheel region in Missouri's Eighth Congressional District, sees it differently: "Flood protection is a necessity.... Last year, [100,000 acres (400 km2) were flooded, and] nearly 50,000 acres (200 km2) of crops were destroyed. Farmers cannot afford to sustain these preventable annual losses.".
St. John’s Bayou-New Madrid floodway
The Water Resources Development Act of 1986 authorized the St. John’s Bayou-New Madrid Floodway project to augment the 1954 authorization to close the 1,500 feet (460 m) gap in the frontline levee and construct two pumping stations. The goal was to reduce backwater flooding at the lower end of the floodway. A 2004 lawsuit by the Environmental Defense Fund and the National Wildlife Federation resulted in an injunction that halted the work.
On September 19, 2007, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia dealt a major blow to the $107 million St. John's Bayou/New Madrid Floodway Project. In ordering a halt to the floodwall's construction, Judge James Robertson said the Corps had improperly manipulated its habitat models to make it seem that the project's environmental impacts would be "compliant with the Clean Water Act and the National Environmental Policy Act, when it is not." He further ordered that the already completed work on the project, tallied at $7 million, be undone.
The decision came after environmentalist groups argued that the Clean Water Act and the National Environmental Policy Act were being violated in the name of agrarian prosperity; and that the Floodway project would create no possible human benefit.
"That's a bunch of nonsense," says one local official, "They can say what they want, but they don't live here."
Emerson called the judge's ruling "a pause before we move forward..."
- Memphis District. "Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway Information Sheet". United States Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- "The Mississippi River & Tributaries Project" (PDF), Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, retrieved 2011-05-19
- Kittle, M.D. (May 5, 2011). "Floodway long a source of legal contention". Southeast Missourian.
- Missouri v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 11-1937 (Court of Appeals - 8th Circuit April 29, 2011) (“Temporary Restraining Order filed by Plaintiff State of Missouri motion is Denied”).
- Army Corps of Engineers Info Page
- Missouri Coalition for the Environment
- Cong. Record - Senate. 152 Cong Rec S 7813. (07/19/06).
- AP Newswire (9/18/07)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Madrid Floodway.| | <urn:uuid:c17fadfc-4843-4316-be03-9fa22abb87b1> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Madrid_Floodway_Project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375094662.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00246-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945726 | 2,642 | 3.28125 | 3 |
In the second line, “success in circuit lies,” “lies” clearly has the primary meaning that success is found in circuit, however, dickinson chooses every word very carefully, and the secondary meaning of “lies,” that is, dishonest statements, would not have been unintentional. Tell all the truth but tell it slant- - online text : summary, overview, explanation, meaning, description, purpose, bio success in circuit lies tell all the truth but tell it slant- analysis emily dickinson critical analysis of poem, review school overview analysis of the poem literary terms. Based upon the foregoing, the fourth circuit concluded that murphy’s errors rendered his analysis “outside the range where experts might reasonably differ,” and, thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in excluding murphy’s report as unreliable under federal rule of evidence 702. Fault tree analysis sequence of events leading to success this list should be complete, omitting no part of the operation circuit, or that the missile strikes an obstacle the important difference between situation (b) and situation (c) is the kind and. Success in circuit lies - “tell all the truth”could mean to tell every person the truth, or to speak only the truth - “slant” could mean that the truth should be told with a angle - mean something circular, while the second could mean something to do with electricity.
In the context of circuit analysis, the circuit must be composed of linear elements (capacitors, inductors, linear transformers, and resistors) with n independent sources, and what you're solving for must be either voltages or currents. Circuit analysis and general study tips [closed] ask question up vote 0 down vote favorite 1 the more work i do in the field of ee, the more i realizing that my general circuit analysis skills are usually the root of my confusion and could use improvement even after putting on my break-a-big-problem-into-smaller-pieces hat, i still find. Success in circuit lies too bright for our infirm delight the truth’s superb surprise as lightning to the children eased with explanation kind the truth must dazzle gradually.
A short analysis of emily dickinson’s ‘tell all the truth but tell it slant’ success in circuit lies too bright for our infirm delight what makes such an analysis of ‘tell all the truth but tell it slant’ persuasive is that christianity is full of such references to being ‘blinded’ by the truth for instance, there is 1. The repeated recurrence of diderot's ternary model in these different contexts brings into focus an unexpected unity in what at first looks like a disparate corpus as the analysis proceeds, furthermore, it also becomes clear that diderot's materialist philosophy dictates a rhetoric aiming at the sensitive body just as much as the reasoning mind. Ss one-shot short scenes from the lives of summer and seth.
The boys become accustomed to the pattern of their days on the island although it is impossible to adjust to the new rhythms of tropical life, which include the strange point at midday when the sea rises and appears to contain flickering images. Success in circuit lies spring 2009 the best of times, the worst of times americans have, for the first time in half a century, lived anew the meaning of dickens’ famous words. Over the past 5 years, costco canada has only opened 10 new stores which is a small fraction of the 122 new stores opened globally during the same time period (costco operates in the us, canada, mexico, united kingdom, japan, taiwan, korea and australia.
Circuit court of cook county upholds city of chicago’s imposition of “success in circuit lies” any legal analysis, legislative updates or other content and links should not be. A polygraph, popularly referred to as a lie detector, emphasizing that it can detect lies and that it is important to answer truthfully then a stim test is often conducted: the subject is asked to deliberately lie and then the tester reports that he was able to detect this lie in 2005, the 11th circuit court of appeals stated that. Can you please paraphrase this poem by emily dickinson: tell all the truth but tell it slant--- success in circuit lies too bright for our infirm delight the truth's superb surprise as lightening to the children eased with explanation kind the truth must dazzle gradually or every man be blind--- 10 points to the first answerer with a paraphrase. Success in circuit lies we get from the first line that we're not supposed to tell the whole truth directly (according to this poem), and this line lets us know how we are supposed to tell it, specifically in circuit. Tell all the truth but tell it slant tell all the truth but tell it slant---success in circuit lies too bright for our infirm delight the truth’s superb surprise as lightning to the children eased with explanation kind the truth must dazzle gradually or every man be blind--.
Note: citations are based on reference standards however, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. An analysis of the success in circuit lies 2 de dezembro de 2017 / outros / an analysis of expressive one word picture vocabulary test a comparative essay analysis of sight and the fog sen classic literature. Success in circuit lies's profile including the latest music, albums, songs, music videos and more updates. Many observers attributed the success of the circuit city concept to its strong management, customer service focus, and a good journal of business cases and applications rise and fall, page 3 merchandising formula which capitalized on innovative electronic consumer products based on.
For example, in the 2014-2015 term, four courts had 100 percent of their cases reversed, but the raw numbers were small (one case for the 2nd circuit, three for the 3rd circuit, three for the 7th. Success in circuit lies too bright for our infirm delight the truth's superb surprise as lightning to the children eased with explanation kind the truth must dazzle gradually. As the analysis proceeds, furthermore, it also becomes clear that diderot's materialist philosophy dictates a rhetoric aiming at the sensitive body just as much as the reasoning mind. I am, however, convinced that the success that lies in circuit, that dictates that all the truth must be told, but told slant, has behind it the authority of both the old and new testament: that parables, riddles, the incarnation itself are, but aspects of a truth we could not comprehend without their mediation.
The article presents philip roth's analysis of american jewish identity as reflected in his novels novels such as the counterlife and operation shylock by philip roth illustrates search and obsession of american jews toward their jewish identity roth's work, which depict jews passion for being. By stj dixon-warren engineering and process analysis manager, chipworks the extraordinary success of the iphone 4 lies in the superb integration of multiple sensor technologies in conjunction with a very slick software interface in a recent series of mems investor. The question for the senate is this: is the new standard for those in public life that accusations of misconduct with no corroboration are enough to destroy someone's reputation and career. | <urn:uuid:f30ab5cf-6e50-4da4-afaa-1623b511726a> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://glhomeworkdwlc.icecondoassignments.info/an-analysis-of-the-success-in-circuit-lies.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513548.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021010654-20181021032154-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.94668 | 1,553 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The Information LineEdit
The Information Line runs along the bottom of the main Wings window. This is probably the most important thing to keep your eye on, especially if you are new to Wings. The Information Line's main purpose is to display every possible button option available for any operation, tool, or menu item. Many of the tools and menu options have more than one function, and some of the more advanced options are only displayed in the Information Line. To display any menu item's possible options or described function, simply hover over the item with the mouse cursor.
The Information Line uses the letters L, M and R for the Left, Middle and Right mouse buttons. When several options are available for a tool, menu item, or during an operation, those options are displayed in the Information Line preceded by L, M, or R. Sometimes the user will be prompted to depress a Modifier Key in conjunction with the designated mouse button. Modifier Keys are often Control <Ctrl>, <Alt>, or <Shift>, or sometimes a combination of two or more are used with the mouse buttons. There are other instances when Numeric or other keys are used to present option. In cases where Number Keys are used to change the result of a command, Do Not Use The Number Pad Keys. For Number Key Modifiers in the Information Line, use the Number Keys across the top of your keyboard instead.
IMPORTANT: The Information Line Displays Important Information About Tools, Menu Items and Other Options Available During An Operation. Remember To Always Keep An Eye On The Information Line. | <urn:uuid:d87baa7a-903a-4583-955c-55e3ae2220de> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wings_3D/User_Manual/User_Interface/The_Information_Line | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096706.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00077-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.821389 | 317 | 2.578125 | 3 |
ENG304Y1Y L0101ENG304H1F L0101 MWF10
Poetry Prose 1600-1660
Instructor: J. Welburn
Office Location: Jackman Humanities Building, Room TBA
Brief Description of the Course:
The seventeenth century was a period of revolution, both in the original sense of the word—a return to a point of origin—and in the more familiar sense of a rupture or break with the past. Writers in this period often sought to imitate, reproduce, and revive classical and biblical forms, but in practice they radically transformed these established traditions in striking ways. These decades of dramatic social change, religious conflict, scientific discovery, and expanding empire produced some of the most influential works of English literature. We will survey a range of poetry by writers such as Donne, Jonson, Marvell, and Wroth, focusing in particular on Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost
. We will also explore some of the scientific and political literature that came out of this revolutionary period, including works by writers such as Bacon, Milton, Hobbes, Cavendish, and Winstanley. We will pay particular attention to the utopian dimension of the poetry and prose of this period—the ways in which literature provides a formal or symbolic resolution of existing social and ideological contradictions.
Required Reading: Broadview Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Verse and Prose
, eds. Alan Rudrum, et al. (Broadview, 2000); Three Early Modern Utopias
, ed. Susan Bruce (Oxford, 1999); John Milton, Paradise Lost
, eds. Stephen Orgel & Jonathan Goldberg (Oxford, 2008); Margaret Cavendish, The Blazing World and Other Writings
, ed. Kate Lilley (Penguin, 1994).
Texts are available at the Bob Miller Bookroom, 180 Bloor St. West, Lower Concourse.
First Three Authors/Texts:
Donne, Jonson, Bacon.
Method of Evaluation:
Participation (20%); writing exercise (10%); first essay (15%), mid-term test (15%); second essay (15%); third essay (25%). | <urn:uuid:8ce6af7f-0ab9-45b8-b9d7-51f6b5768c12> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.english.utoronto.ca/undergrad/2015-16_Timetable/department_of_english/eng304y1yl0101.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812306.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219012716-20180219032716-00638.warc.gz | en | 0.853004 | 451 | 2.578125 | 3 |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Serbian-Ukrainian relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Ukraine. Serbia recognized Ukraine in December 1991 by the decision on the recognition of the former republics of the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Serbia were established on 15 April 1994.
Ukraine has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Kiev. Current Ukrainian Ambassador to Serbia is Anatoliy Tymofiy Oliynyk and the current Serbian Ambassador to Ukraine is Goran Aleksić. Serbian Ambassador in Ukraine is accredited to Moldova on non-residential basis. Ukrainian Ambassador in Serbia is accredited to Montenegro on non-residential basis.
History and ethnic relations
There are numerous Ukrainian organizations in Serbia. Ukrainian national minority has its own National Council with seat in Novi Sad. They are closely related to Pannonian Rusyns (Ruthenians). Ukrainian-Rusyn organizations have seats in Inđija, Sremska Mitrovica, Vrbas, Kula, Đurđevo, Ruski Krstur, Šid, Kucura and Subotica. According to the 2002 census there were 5,354 ethnic Ukrainians in Serbia and 15,905 Rusyns, mostly living in Vojvodina.
In 19th century on territory of today's Ukraine there were two provinces populated by Serbs - New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia. By the decree of the Senate of 29 May 1753, the free lands of this area were offered for settlement to peoples of Orthodox Christian denomination in order to ensure frontier protection and development of this part of Southern steppes. Slavo-Serbia was directly governed by Russia's Governing Senate. The settlers eventually formed the Bakhmut hussar regiment in 1764. Also in 1764, Slavo-Serbia was transformed into the Donets uyezd of Yekaterinoslav Governorate (now in Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine). According to the 2001 census there were only 623 Serbs living in Ukraine (219 spoke Serbian, 104 spoke Ukrainian, 218 spoke Russian and 68 some other language).
Serbia and Ukraine have been active in bilateral meetings. In January 2001, President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma paid a visit to Belgrade and met with the then President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Vojislav Koštunica. Prime Minister Dragiša Pešić, visited Ukraine in September 2001. President of Serbia and Montenegro Svetozar Marović, visited Ukraine in November 2003. Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia, Božidar Đelić, met with Alexander Turchinov, first deputy prime minister in Kiev after the EBRD annual meeting where they have discussed future free trade agreement and situation in Kosovo. President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko visited Serbia in June 2009, during the XVI Summit of Heads of Central European States in Novi Sad.
Foreign Minister of Serbia, Goran Svilanović visited Ukraine in February 2002. Ukrainian Minister of Defense Yevhen Marchuk, visited Serbia in February 2004. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kostiantyn Hryshchenko, visited Serbia in October 2004. In January 2005 Serbian Foreign minister Vuk Drašković, visited Ukraine on the occasion of the inauguration of President Viktor Yushchenko. Drašković visited Ukraine again in June 2005 and March 2006. Ukrainian Foreign minister Borys Tarasyuk visited Serbia in January 2006 and Arseniy Yatsenyuk visited Serbia in July 2007.
Zoran Šami, Speaker of the National Assembly, met Ukraine’s Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Volodymyr Lytvyn, during the session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation in Kiev in June 2005.
Officials of Serbia and Ukraine have had important meetings in multilateral arenas as well. The most important was the meeting between Presidents Kuchma and Koštunica at the Earth Summit 2002 in Johannesburg.
Pora, a civic youth organization from Ukraine, was trained by members of the similar organization from Serbia - Otpor!. Otpor movement helped bring down the regime of Slobodan Milošević during 5th October and they trained Pora members in organizing Orange Revolution against the regime of Leonid Kuchma.
In 2008, after the Serbian province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence as the Republic of Kosovo, Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee for Foreign Affairs, Oleh Bilorus, stated that "Ukraine will back Serbia's stand on Kosovo". Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko said that Ukraine must come up with a concept of how to regard the issue of Kosovo, either as a unique phenomenon in the world, or in the context of existence of Transdniester, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and other separatist regions.
This is our brotherly nation, we have long common history, traditions and close relations with, both political, economic, and humanitarian.
Culture and education
Serbia and Ukraine signed the Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Education, Culture and Sports on 24 January 1996. On the basis of this Agreement a Program of Cooperation between the two countries for the period 2002–2004 was signed in February 2002. It was agreed to extend this agreement to cover 2005 through exchange of diplomatic notes. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on cooperation between the Diplomatic Academies at the Foreign Ministries of the two countries.
Ukraine and Serbia signed a Treaty on military cooperation on 4 November 2003 and ratified in August 2004. Based on this treaty there were four meetings of working groups for enhancement of the cooperation. Priorities set by two sides are mutual army modernization, development and production of arms and military equipment, involvement of Serbian companies in decontamination of radioactive ammunition in Ukraine, joint operation in third markets, exchange of information, expert consultations and training of military staff.
- ^ Українські та русинські організації національної меншини в РС, Embassy of Ukraine in Serbia
- ^ (Serbian) PDF (441 KiB), pp. 12-13
- ^ All-Ukrainian population census, State Statistics Committee of Ukraine
- ^ Зустріч Першого віце-прем'єр-міністра України Олександра Турчинова з Віце-прем'єр-міністром з питань європейської інтеграції Республіки Сербія Божидаром Джеличем
- ^ President Yushchenko takes part in the XVI Summit of Central and East European Heads of States
- ^ Political contacts, Embassy of Ukraine in Republic of Serbia
- ^ Bilateral political relations with Ukraine, Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- ^ Fledgling Youth Groups Worry post-Soviet Authorities, EurasiaNet Civil Society
- ^ Ukraine to back Serbia's position on Kosovo, NRCU
- ^ Timoshenko hints on Ukraine's position on Kosovo, Regnum News Agency
- ^ Ukraine supports Serbia's wish to join the WTO
- ^ Economic relations with Ukraine, Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- ^ Ukraine supports Serbia's accession to WTO, says president, Interfax-Ukraine (June 19, 2009)
- ^ a b Ukraine, Serbia to sign free trade agreement in autumn, UNIAN (June 19, 2009)
- ^ Cultural-educational cooperation with Ukraine, Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- ^ Vojno-tehnička saradnja, Embassy of Ukraine in Republic of Serbia
- Ukrainian embassy in Belgrade
- Information regarding Serbian embassy in Kiev
- Electronic library of Serbian-Ukrainian relations
- New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia
- Organization of Ukrainians in Serbia - «Prosvita» | <urn:uuid:88b08996-5349-4309-9b58-fabdb485842d> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://dictionnaire.sensagent.leparisien.fr/SERBIA%20UKRAINE%20RELATIONS/en-en/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738552.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809102845-20200809132845-00552.warc.gz | en | 0.914584 | 1,810 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Complex/Mixed Sleep Apnea
Results of a detailed study of complex sleep apnea, the name preferred by Mayo Clinic researchers, were announced by the Mayo team in 2006. In their report, the researchers described a phenomenon in which a significant fraction of patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea failed to breathe normally after positive airway pressure was applied and their airways were opened. Rather their sleep apnea assumed the characteristics of central sleep apnea--the sleepers made no effort to breathe during apneic episodes, as if their brains were issuing no breathe command to the lungs.
In the group of 223 sleep apnea patients the Mayo researchers studied, 15 percent responded in this way, suggesting the presence of complex sleep apnea.
Wikipedia also offers useful information on complex/mixed sleep apnea. | <urn:uuid:90e19e09-44bf-48b7-b1a9-84df11c45b0d> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.sleepapnea.org/learn/sleep-apnea/complexmixed-sleep-apnea.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510274581.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011754-00464-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967258 | 166 | 2.859375 | 3 |
- What is cron?
- Set Crontab Editor
- Backup MySQL Database with Cron
- Crontab Creator
Following on from the eZ Components feed and command line tutorials, this short article introduces the user to cron. The use of cron is the most effective tool for running scripts automatically. Microsoft have a version of cron called a scheduler or something, but here we will be dealing only with cron. For those on unix and unix like systems, this is a powerful, yet often mis-understood tool.
The cron man page defines cron as a "daemon to execute scheduled commands". This means you can run scripts every hour, or every day, or on the 13 of every month at 5:38am. Here is an example of a cron entry.
In a few short minutes you will understand what this command means.
The structure of a cron entry as seen above is quite simple when broken down. In the above entry there is five sections and a path to a PHP script. Here is how it breaks down
Minute Hour Day Month Day CommandLets break it down further..
- Minute of the hour, 00 to 59
- Hour of the day in 24-hour format, 00 to 23
- Day of the month, 1 to 31
- Month of the year, 1 to 12
- DayDay of week
- 3 chars - sun, mon, tue, or numeric (0=sun, 1=mon etc)
- Command = The command you want to execute The time is in twenty four hour time. So you may have guessed already that the 00 is the minutes and the 18 above is 6:00pm. The asterix character * is a wild card and means every. That is, every minute or every day, or every month. This means the script.php script would be executed every day of every month.
The crontab is the command used to interface with cron. Within crontab command can be entered, editted or deleted. To enter into the crontab simply type:
This command will bring you to a vi console where you can create your cron entries. All the same rules that apply to vi apply in the editor. It is important to follow the examples here by using absolute paths to the script that is to be executed. This is because crontab does not have access to the system $PATH, so any system command also need have thier full path also. The path to a system command can be aquired using the which command. The $PATH is not available within cron, however, the $HOME variable is, so that when we need to execute a command or script from our home directory, this is available to us.
It is hard to imagine, yet there are still people out there who do not use vi(m). On most unix and unix like systems vi(m) is the default editor for crontab. This means when you type "crontab -e" at the command prompt, the crontab file is opened in vi(m). To alter this behaviour, the default editor can be changed or exported with the export command. Shown here is an example of changing the default crontab editor to joe.
We saw above how a script could be run at 6:00pm every night. But what is a script needs to be executed every 5 minutes. We could do something like this.
This example shows how the time increments are seperated by a space, but we can have multiple values seperated by comma's. Of course, this is a lot to type out, so cron has a little shortcut syntax to achieve the same result.
The previous examples show how to run every day or every whatever. But what if we wish to run a PHP script at 4:00am each Friday just before we go home.
The above cron entry will shows 4:00pm every Friday (fri) and will execute the command /usr/local/bin/php $HOME/script.php. Note the use of the $HOME variable to show that the script.php file to be executed is within the users home directory. The path to the php executable however, must be an absolute path.
There is more to cron than these simple demonstrations have shown. It is hoped that this is enough to get you up and scheduling tasks with the cron and the crontab.
Just remember the sequence of times - Minute Hour Day Month Day Command
Database backup are a frequently performed task, usually a webmaster will begin this process after losing their data and realise that this needs to be done on a regular basis. This is an ideal situation where cron can be used.
Database backups should be stored by date. That is, the filename of the SQL dump should be <database_name>.todays_date.sql so a backup can be made from a given time and/or date. to achieve this, enter the following command in crontab | <urn:uuid:20a484e3-37e9-4d2c-a767-eb9ab75ccb73> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://phpro.org/tutorials/Run-Script-From-Cron.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860118807.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161518-00167-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917039 | 1,045 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Pronunciation: (plan'tur, plän'-),[key] —n. 1. a person who plants.
2. an implement or machine for planting seeds in the ground.
3. the owner or manager of a plantation.
4. Hist.a colonist or new settler.
5. a decorative container, of a variety of sizes and shapes, for growing flowers or ornamental plants. | <urn:uuid:8ebf0485-658e-4abe-a9ec-afe4a3770e5c> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://dictionary.factmonster.com/planter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542938.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00291-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.805314 | 88 | 2.53125 | 3 |
MAINTAIN THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT'S PROTECTIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS
0 have signed. Let’s get to 200!
Millions of Americans with pre-existing conditions, including children, rely on the mandate in the Affordable Care Act that bans health insurance companies from denying coverage or increasing premiums based on their health status. Insurance coverage for people with pre-existing conditions is vital to survival, as pharmaceutical companies and insurance companies have created a healthcare market that focuses solely on their bottom line. Without insurance coverage, many individuals would be unable to afford their life saving medication, regular doctors visits to properly manage their chronic condition, and would result in more emergency room visits, unpaid medical costs, and a higher mortality rate for those with diseases that are easily treatable.
Why is insurance so important?
Uninsured adults are at least 25 percent more likely to die prematurely than adults who have private insurance.
- The uninsured are less likely to have a usual source of care outside of the emergency room.
- Uninsured adults are five times less likely to have a regular source of care than the insured (55 percent versus 11 percent).
- More than half (51 percent) of the uninsured adults who tried to find a new primary care doctor in the past three years reported that it was “somewhat difficult” or “very difficult,” with one in five (20 percent) responding that it was “very difficult.”
- More than two in five uninsured adults (41 percent) reported that a doctor’s office or clinic from which they sought primary care would not accept them as a new patient.
- The uninsured often go without screenings and preventive care.
- Uninsured adults are nearly four times more likely than insured adults to delay or forgo getting a preventive care screening due to cost (36 percent versus 10 percent).
- Uninsured women over the age of 50 were about half as likely to have gotten a mammogram in the past two years as insured women (42 percent versus 79 percent).
- Lower-income uninsured people (those with incomes below 250 percent of the federal poverty level) aged 50 to 64 were five times less likely (10 percent versus 50 percent) than insured people in the same age group to have gotten a colon cancer screening in the past five years.
- Uninsured adults are more likely to be diagnosed with a disease in an advanced stage. For example, uninsured women are substantially more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer than women with private insurance,as are uninsured people with colorectal cancer.
- Uninsured adults are at least 25 percent more likely to die prematurely than adults with private health insurance.
If Insurance Companies are allowed to return to old practices prior to the legal mandate in the Affordable Care Act, these statistics for the uninsured population will become a reality once again. Do NOT allow politicians to use American lives as pawns in their political games. Every single one of these politicians either has a pre-existing condition or has someone in their family with a pre-existing condition, but their concerns are minimal with their tax payer sponsored health coverage through their elected positions.
As a mother to a child with a chronic disease, and with the price of his life saving medication being over $1,000 monthly, I would not be able to KEEP MY CHILD ALIVE without healthcare coverage. I will fight against repeal of this mandate with every breath in my body and if the US Government has not already realized through recent events related to immigration, the ability for the American people to get mad and mobilize, they will if they continue to attack the most vulnerable of populations.
Today: Sara is counting on you
Sara Green needs your help with “Marco Rubio: MAINTAIN THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT'S PROTECTIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS”. Join Sara and 165 supporters today. | <urn:uuid:b07605dd-7f64-4f67-9b63-e485a4b369eb> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.change.org/p/marco-rubio-maintain-the-affordable-care-act-s-protections-for-people-with-pre-existing-conditions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593223.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722120017-20180722140017-00608.warc.gz | en | 0.972728 | 814 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Our surroundings are said to shape us. Scientists have shown that buildings with natural elements (light, air, plantings) help reduce stress and stimulate learning and productivity, that high ceilings and large rooms promote expansive and creative thinking. We have even seen that living in close-knit communities can promote small anonymous acts of charity. We intuit many of these effects based on our own experience of the rooms themselves. That is the particular genius of this book.
In the Footsteps of Anne Boleyn describes itself as “[t]he visitor’s companion to the palaces, castles and houses associated with Henry VIII’s infamous wife.” The authors describe their insatiable curiosity for the buildings and locations associated with Anne, the fact that “when we stand in a building or space where someone from the past once stood, it is only time, and not space, that separates us.” The book is organized in chronological order, based on Anne’s early life, the “Courting Years”, her time as Queen, and the 1535 Progress. Each entry includes a brief history of the place, covering the original building, what it would have looked like in Anne’s time, and what remains of it today. There is also a “Visitor Information” section outlining the details needed to visit each location and the highlights to not be missed. This makes it a cross between a guidebook and a narrative of Anne’s life – and an indispensable reference on both counts. | <urn:uuid:28f31155-d353-4aba-9b5c-d2c14ea9f1f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://janetwertman.com/2015/03/05/book-review-in-the-footsteps-of-anne-boleyn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608669.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526163521-20170526183521-00381.warc.gz | en | 0.963861 | 314 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Over 17% of children in the United States are obese. Obesity in kids exposes them to a slew of health dangers including diabetes, hypertension, musculoskeletal problems, breathing difficulty, and many more.
Here are some ways to encourage healthy eating habits in kids:
- Set a good example
- Make meal plans ahead of time
- Dine“in” often
Children are as likely to mimic the behavior of the adults around them as they are to listen to them. If you don’t want your kids to grow up with unhealthy eating habits, make healthy food choices yourself. Exercise regularly and help them understand why it is important to do so.
Have a balanced meal schedule and stick to it. If you don’t know the meals that constitute a balanced diet for your kid, talk to your pediatrician, they will be glad to assist you.
When you eat out frequently, chances are high that you will eat a lot of junk food with high trans-fat content. Home-made meals with ingredients you picked out yourself are healthier. Ensure that your family has (at least) a home-made dinner every day of the week; make it a routine and get your kids excited about it.
Maintaining a healthy weight is easier than losing excess weight, and for parents, it is important to teach your kids to eat healthily in their formative years. If you do, it becomes increasingly easier for them to keep at it when they grow older. | <urn:uuid:a442d5a1-a78d-4e08-b034-8138ca808e96> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.pediatrichealthcarenw.com/encouraging-healthy-eating-habits-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662510097.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516073101-20220516103101-00022.warc.gz | en | 0.971753 | 306 | 3.859375 | 4 |
The Battle of Culloden took place on the 16th of April 1746 and marked the effective end of the Jacobite cause. A force of around five and a half thousand men fighting for Bonnie Prince Charlie was soundly defeated by nearly nine thousand government men under the Duke of Cumberland, the son of King George II.
The uprising of 1745 had been successful initially but events came to a head in Derby when the beleaguered supporters of Charlie realised that there would be no re-enforcements and insisted upon a retreat. By February Charlie was holed up in Inverness and the government had been given time to prepare a response.
The Jacobite force was dwindling as Highlanders came and went according to their own needs. Supplies were running low and morale must have been terrible. The strength of the Jacobite army was the fearsome Highland charge and given the right terrain they had enjoyed much success. If they had waged a guerrilla war in the north instead of facing the Hanoverian army on open ground their success may have continued.
On the 15th April Charlie ordered his men out of Inverness and against the advice of his generals insisted they stand and fight on the most unsuitable ground imaginable - a boggy treeless moor. The Jacobite forces brought few supplies with them and the night before the battle there was an abortive night march to try and surprise the Duke of Cumberland's army which had to be abandoned when it became clear they wouldn't be able to attack before daybreak.
When the government forces arrived at Culloden Moor on the morning of the 16th the Jacobite army they faced was in a sorry state. Most of them had not eaten for more than two days, many had endured a pointless night march, they had chosen terrain which would benefit the Hanoverian artillery and dragoons and hamper the Highland charge and they were heavily outnumbered. The predictable result was a horrible slaughter; the government artillery pounded the Jacobite force for around half an hour before Charlie belatedly ordered them to charge. The boggy terrain and artillery fire broke the effectiveness of the charge and the few who made it to the government lines were routed by their new bayonet drill.
The government troops who had been embarrassed by the Jacobites on more than one occasion took this opportunity to exact revenge and engaged in a ruthless pursuit; the carnage was considerable. Charlie fled the field and after five months of hiding out in the Highlands and Islands he set sail for France never to return. Most of his loyal supporters were killed or captured, many were subsequently banished to the colonies and the rest returned home.
Over the next few years the Highland way of life was destroyed as government forces embarked upon a policy designed to prevent any future uprising. Kilts and tartan were banned and the clans were forbidden from carrying weapons. With the Act of Proscription the clan system itself was broken forever.
The Battle of Culloden was the last battle to be fought on mainland Britain. The Jacobite cause is often portrayed as a romantic movement and the Battle of Culloden as a conflict between Scots and English but this is far from the truth. The conflict was always about the succession, a fight between the Jacobites and Hanoverians for the throne and the government forces that defeated Charlie and his army at Culloden were mostly Scottish. | <urn:uuid:5d5bbd7c-6328-41e2-8d0a-5dd6eba26cf7> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.angrypict.co.uk/culloden.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190295.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00044-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989761 | 680 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Eleanor Rooseveltadmin / January 7, 2019
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884 in New York and passed away on November 7, 1962. She was the First Lady of the U.S. from 1933 to 1945, but was greatly admired because of her active participation in social causes.
When she was 8 years of age, her mother passed on and her father also passed on about two years later; consequently, her maternal grandmother raised her. When she was twenty years old, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, of whom they had six children together, although one died in childhood.
When her husband became the 32nd president of the U.S., she used her influence to revolutionize the position of the first lady (Chew 1995). Even though she was generally a shy person, her humanitarian work earned her fame and admiration all over the world.
During her years as the First Lady, she made herself to be a strong speaker on various social issues that were affecting the United States. These issues included, but were not limited to, youth unemployment and civil rights for African Americans and women. Eleanor also showed concern for the Jews and assisted them to endure the persecutions of the Germans.
She labored with diligence, confidence, experience, and ingenuity to fulfill her ambitions. Though dead, she is still recognized as one of the influential women who ever lived due to her immense achievements, endurance to make the world better, and determination to realize her objectives; consequently, in 1999, she was one of the top ten people who were named in the Gallup’s List of Most Widely Admired People of the Twentieth Century.
Benefitting humanity formed an integral aspect of the life of Eleanor. Through her tireless efforts, she made several achievements in social and political matters (Winget 2003, 5). When the United States entered the First World War, she volunteered for the Red Cross. She cared for the injured soldiers and supplied their various needs.
Through participating actively in social work during the war, she demonstrated her compassion for the civic affairs and created a niche for herself.
A notable role that she played was to speak out for women so as to ensure that they are regarded to be equal to men. In 1928, she assisted in the creation of the countrywide web of active units of Democratic women since she held that women were capable of achieving the same things just as men, particularly in politics.
As an active participant in the League of Women Voters, she enabled many women to exercise their responsibilities as voters and to increase their knowledge of various public policy issues. Due to her expertise in dealing with both men and women, she managed to educate many women on their rights as American citizens.
Eleanor’s fortitude to ensure that women are equal to men assisted in establishing various organizations to fight for their rights. Being an outspoken leader, Eleanor motivated women from all walks of life to speak out concerning the equal rights that men were also enjoying and this made her to change the perceptions of individuals concerning the role of the woman in the world.
This achievement proved to be beneficial for the women society and it assisted in establishing later reforms in women affairs.
During her public life, Eleanor also showed compassion on the mistreatment of the Jewish people. The thought that Hitler was planning to eliminate all the Jews from the face of the world brought up heavy emotions in her.
Her concern on the survivors of the holocaust made her to participate in the memorial service of the incident and she managed to assist the survivors of the torture escape death, including getting travel documents to other parts of Europe.
The giving of visas to the Jewish young people was another thing that she made efforts to accomplish so that they could escape the concentration camps and the gas chambers. Although it was a bit difficult for her to convince those in authority to assist the Jews, she managed to accomplish it.
Further, the First Lady was especially interested in the plight of the African Americans who were living in the United States. She often proved to be supportive and encouraged the efforts that were aimed at ensuring there is equality for all the American people.
Worth mentioning, she highly esteemed the works of Negroes who motivated her to try to enact changes in ending racial practices. At one point, she allowed some delinquent African American women to come to the White House for a celebration.
Even though some individuals criticized her for trying to accommodate the Negro people, she never relented from doing what she perceived to be the right thing to do. Eleanor also relinquished her position at the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) since the group declined to give an African American singer, Marian Anderson, the opportunity of presenting at their performance hall (Somervill 2006, 9).
She made sacrifices like this so as to assist the African Americans to obtain the rights that they were being denied by the American society. And, interestingly, she never paid attention on how people perceived her actions.
Eleanor took part in the war effort for the second time when the U.S. entered the Second World War in which she became the assistant director of the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), encouraged civilians to take part in the war effort, and visited U.S. troops’ overseas (Freedman 1993, 135-136).
Even after her spouse passed away in office in 1945, she persisted in writing, giving inspiring speeches in various places around the world, and fighting for the betterment of the life of the minorities.
Eleanor was appointed as a delegate to the UN General Assembly in 1945, a position she held for seven years. And, in 1946, she was “appointed the chairperson of the United Nation’s Human Rights Commission” (Freedman, 1993, 152). After her appointment to this position, she assisted in the formulation of the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In 1961, she was elected again to the General Assembly and later in that year, President Kennedy elected her the chairperson of the Commission on the Status of Women. She served well in these positions because she was considered an expert in humanitarian, social, and cultural issues.
In conclusion, through her relentless efforts, Eleanor contributed immensely to the society of humanity. She is recognized as a role model to many since the things she managed to accomplish came from her heart. Eleanor’s love for people including women, Jews, and African Americans, made her succeed in making the human race better than before. Her achievements resulted in more equality between the different kinds of people. That is what she did to benefit humanity and it was her gift to the human race.
Chew, Robin. 1995. “Eleanor Roosevelt American First Lady & Humanitarian.”
Lucidcafe, October 1, http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/roosevel.html (accessed February 8, 2011).
Freedman, Russel. 1993. Eleanor Roosevelt: a life of discovery. New York: Clarion Books.
Somervill, Barbara A. 2006. Eleanor Roosevelt : First Lady of the world. Minneapolis, Minn.: Compass Point Books.
Winget, Mary. 2003. Eleanor Roosevelt. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. | <urn:uuid:49cf97f3-91eb-4561-8ea7-0e49e223d2aa> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://hammondphotodesign.com/eleanor-roosevelt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668644.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115120854-20191115144854-00059.warc.gz | en | 0.977898 | 1,491 | 3.53125 | 4 |
T: 0203 9076579
F: 01245 200699
Cancer prevention means to take action to reduce the risk of getting cancer.
Scientists and medical researchers are continually trying to discover the key factors that increase and decrease the risk of cancer so that people can adapt their lifestyle and be proactive in their approach to their healthcare.
This should ensure less people develop cancer and die from cancer.
Cancer risk factor – anything that increases your chance of developing cancer
Cancer protective factor – anything that decreases your chance of developing cancer
Some risk factors can be modified such as smoking, a poor diet and inadequate exercise – all of which help to maintain a healthy weight and body. Other risk factors cannot be avoided such as your genetic background.
An awareness of genetics and family history can help to monitor your healthcare and take precautionary measures to prevent the development of cancer.
- Oesophageal cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Liver cancer, including secondary cancers
- Pancreatic cancer
- Small bowel cancer
- Large bowel (colon and rectum) cancer
- Gallbladder cancer
- Anal cancer
- Changing lifestyle factors such as environment
- Reducing alcohol consumption. A high intake of alcohol is associated with the following GI cancers:
- Oesophagus – alcohol can have an effect on the oesophagus, particularly squamous cancer.
- Pancreas – alcohol can lead to chronic inflammation of the pancreas, known as pancreatitis, which can lead to an increased chance of developing pancreatic cancer
- Liver – alcohol can lead to chronic inflammation of the liver, known as liver cirrhosis, which can increase the risk of liver cancer.
- Bowel – alcohol affects digestion and is associated with an increased risk of bowel cancer
- Avoid smoking
- Smoking is associated with many cancers including oesophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer.
- Changing eating habits and diet
- Eating a diet high in green vegetables is thought to reduce the risk of bowel cancer.
- A diet high in vitamin C is thought to reduce the risk of stomach cancer.
- Avoid preserved meats as these are thought to increase the risk of stomach cancer
- Burnt and processed meat, as well as a high intake of red meat, is linked to an increased risk of bowel cancer.
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Obesity increases the risk of many health conditions, including diabetes, which may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.
- Obesity is associated with bowel cancer, specifically for men.
- Regular exercise is believed to reduce the risk of bowel cancer
- Avoiding cancer risk factors
- Taking medications to treat pre-cancerous conditions
- Ensure you attend regular screening tests for cancers such as bowel cancer
- Early diagnosis that can help treat the cancer at an early stage of development | <urn:uuid:d71c71cf-753a-4e54-be5c-87d09c8e76cd> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://gidoctors.co.uk/gi-screening/cancer-prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314353.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818231019-20190819013019-00083.warc.gz | en | 0.953529 | 585 | 3.421875 | 3 |
It’s natural for a mother to panic if her preschooler starts stumbling over his or her words, repeating syllables and filling speech with hesitations. But as a child’s language skills develop, periods of “disfluency” are quite normal. These phases, during which children typically repeat syllables or words once or twice (“li-li-like this”) or rely on fillers like “uh,” “er” and “um,” are a sign that they are learning to use speech in a new way. More often than not, there’s no reason to worry.Recognizing a problem
Other speech patterns, however, may point to a stuttering problem. They include:
How to help
- Having special trouble getting words started. Tensions and struggle may be evident in the facial muscles, especially around the mouth.
- Repeating sounds or syllables more than twice.
- Experiencing a “block”—no airflow or voice for several seconds.
How can you help your child cope with a stuttering problem? Here are some tips from the Stuttering Foundation of America.
- Listen patiently to what your child says, not how it is said. Respond to the message rather than the stuttering.
- Allow your child to complete his or her thoughts without interrupting and avoid filling in or speaking your child’s thoughts or ideas.
- Keep natural eye contact while your child is talking.
- After your child speaks, reply slowly and unhurriedly, using some of the same words. For example, if he or she says, “I s-s-see the b-b-b-bunny,” reply in an easy, relaxed way, “Oh, yes. You see the bunny. He’s cute.”
- Try to model slow and relaxed speech when talking with your child and encourage family members to do the same. Don’t speak so slowly that it sounds abnormal, but keep it unhurried, with many pauses. Television’s Mr. Rogers is a good example of this style of speech.
- Spend at least five minutes each day devoted to talking with your child in an unhurried, easy, relaxed manner.
- Reassure your child when stuttering gets worse and frustration grows. Some children respond well to hearing, “I know it’s hard to talk at times . . . but lots of people get stuck on words . . . it’s okay.” Other children are most reassured by a touch or a hug when they seem frustrated.
- Encourage your child to talk to you about his or her stuttering. Show patience and acceptance as you discuss it. Overcoming stuttering is more a matter of losing fear of stuttering than a matter of trying harder.
- Establish a calm, consistent family routine. Turn off the TV and radio during dinnertime. Background noise forces your child into a competition that can contribute to breakdowns in speech.
- Encourage each person in the family to listen to the other. When one speaks, the other listens, then takes his or her turn.
If you suspect your child has a stuttering problem, seek the help of a speech clinician who works with children and specializes in stuttering. Some preschoolers require just a few weeks of therapy. Others may require up to 18 months or more. In any case, your support, calm reassurance and efforts to be a model of relaxed speech will be important therapy indeed. | <urn:uuid:e38bdf01-e11d-401d-a892-fd1d5382bcda> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.baymedical.org/Health-Information/Health-Library.aspx?content_id=678&C1=Children%E2%80%99s%20Health&C2=Growth%20and%20development&C3=Should%20you%20be%20concerned%20if%20your%20child%20is%20stuttering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936468546.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074108-00189-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946491 | 749 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Some migraine symptoms are very similar to those of a stroke. For new onset migraines over 40 years old, always assume that it is something serious. It is uncommon to have a first migraine when you are older. People with migraines usually have it for most of their life.
During a stroke, blood supply to a certain part of the brain is cut-off. Cells then begin to die as they do not have enough oxygen. A stroke can be due to either a blocked blood vessel in the brain or a ruptured blood vessel resulting a bleed in the brain. A headache that comes on suddenly and very severe, can be a sign of a stroke. Other symptoms include:
- Weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Difficulty speaking or understanding what others are saying
- Vision issues in one or both eyes
- Abrupt Dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
A TIA, Transient Ischemic Attack, is a type of stroke that is often mistaken for a migraine. This is also called a mini-stroke because blood flow to the brain is cut off for a short period of time. Symptoms of a TIA usually resolves within an hour.
Migraine with aura is often confused with a stroke. An aura usually occurs before the headache phase. An aura may include visual or sensory symptoms, such as flashing lights, zig-zag lines, blind spots, or numbness or tingling in your arms, legs or face. Some patients may experience ringing in the ears and difficulty speaking. Sometimes these aura symptoms occur without even a headache.
It can be hard to tell the difference between a TIA and a Migraine with Aura. Stroke symptoms usually occur more suddenly whereas migraines are more gradual.
If you think there is a slight chance that you are having a stroke, call 911 immediately. Early treatment can decrease damage to your brain and even save your life.
Remember:TIME IS BRAIN!
By: Tanesha Reynolds, DNP, FNP, BC in headache medicine | <urn:uuid:5359e77b-ebca-4ebc-a350-ace93a21e364> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://audreyhalpernmd.com/migraine-or-stroke/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484928.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218094308-20190218120308-00365.warc.gz | en | 0.953006 | 421 | 2.75 | 3 |
I’m going to preface this post with a note that I am NOT an archaeologist. I have taken archaeology classes, and spent one, very memorable, field-season doing a surface survey in southern Turkey…but I am not an archaeologist. Any mistakes with regards to archaeological process are completely my own, and I’m very happy to be corrected! With that caveat, let’s get started.
Mesopotamia, for those who don’t know, is the region between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that corresponds roughly to the modern country of Iraq. The region has a long and rich history, and one of the major sources scholars use to reconstruct that history are the royal inscriptions. Royal inscriptions are textual compositions commissioned by Mesopotamian rulers and placed on a wide variety of objects, from vessels and beads to building materials and statuary.
Royal inscription of Amar-Sin placed on a brick. © The Trustees of the British Museum (BM 90813)
They have been found from all periods of Mesopotamian history, from the Early Dynastic (c. 2900-2350 BCE) through to the Persian empire (c. 559-331 BCE). These inscriptions cover a wide variety of themes, including records of military campaigns, royal construction projects, prayers, curses, and trade. This post will focus on a particular subset of royal inscriptions that have been termed ‘building inscriptions’ by Assyriologists, as they are both inscribed on building materials (such as bricks, door sockets, and foundation deposits), and record the construction of specific structures. The general formula of such inscriptions can be seen in the following inscription of Warad-Sin, king of the Mesopotamian city of Larsa (c. 1834-23 B.C.E):
For the goddess Inanna of Zabala, my lady,
(I) Warad-Sin, king of Larsa,
for my life and the life of Kudur-mabuk, the father who engendered me,
built for her the shining gigue, her residence of valor,
I raised its head there like a lofty mountain.
May she rejoice at my deed (and) grant to me as a gift a long life-span.
Frayne 1990: 218
Royal inscription placed on a clay nail. © The Trustees of the British Museum (BM 116421)
These inscriptions have been commonly used to identify excavated structures – if a building is excavated and contains 10 objects with the same temple name inscribed upon them, then it may be reasonable to assume that the building named in the inscriptions is the building in which those objects were found. For example, a Kassite period (c. 1370-1155 BCE) structure at the southern Mesopotamian city of Ur has been identified as a temple of the goddess Ningal on the basis of thirteen foundation cones found below the temple’s pavement (Clayden 1995: 63). Inscriptional evidence has also been used to hypothesize the existence of an otherwise unattested cult at Ur – the presence of a foundation tablet found in the fill of one of the main temples at the city led the editor of the inscription, Douglas Frayne, to suggest the presence of a cult of a deity at the city, as the tablet commemorates the construction of a temple to that deity (Frayne 1997: 112).
I am sure that, at this point, there are readers asking “But Megan! What does all of this have to do with Digital Humanities?”. Which is an excellent question, dear reader, and will be answered without further delay. Very basically, there are so many royal inscriptions known to Assyriologists that it has been virtually impossible to conduct any kind of research into the corpus as a whole. The burgeoning use of computer-aided methods and techniques in Assyriology (and the rest of the Humanities disciplines) allows for large amounts of data to be handled with relative ease – including the royal inscriptions. Using a relational database to identify and track correlations between object type, object find spot, and inscriptional themes, I am able to evaluate the corpus of royal inscriptions on a scale that has previously been incredibly challenging.
Another caveat: My database does not currently include examples of all royal inscriptions 😦 This is my dissertation project and, in the interest of graduating in under a decade I have restricted myself to only including inscriptions dating from the Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian periods (c. 1750-1595 B.C.E.).
Using this database, one can, for example, identify inscribed objects that are found in buildings other than those commemorated by their inscription. Despite a paucity of reference to this phenomenon in scholarship, it is a relatively common occurrence. Indeed, copies of a single building inscription were frequently discovered in several different structures. Accordingly, the discovery of a building inscription in a structure is not necessarily a reliable means of identification, problematizing the most widely-accepted method of identifying ancient structures in the archaeological record.
And, despite my personal dislike of novels that end on a cliffhanger, that is precisely what I am doing here! Further details on my methodology, and the results and conclusions of this investigation, will be forthcoming in my next blog post scheduled for the first week in October – so check back then to find out exactly how one decides whether an inscribed object is in the ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ building, how many objects in my database were misplaced, and some specific examples of this particular problem.
Clayden, T. 1995. ‘The Date of the Foundation Deposit in the Temple of Ningal at Ur’, in Iraq, vol. 57 pp. 61-70.
Frayne, D. 1990. ‘Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC)’, Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods, vol. 4. Toronto.
Frayne, D. 1997. ‘The Ur III Period (2112-2004BC)’, Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods, vol. 3/2. Toronto. | <urn:uuid:d3027071-9d8d-4f1c-92d4-b46b9cd421f0> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://digitalorientalist.com/2018/10/03/proceed-with-caution-identifying-structures-using-royal-inscriptions-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400202418.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929154729-20200929184729-00285.warc.gz | en | 0.938524 | 1,295 | 2.734375 | 3 |
If a doctor does know how your body works, he/she can help repair it.
Wednesday, September 25, 2013
Learn about your students inside and outside of the classroom
Learning about the things that our students and their families face is just as important as teaching them.
We cannot teach a student if one, we don’t understand how they learn, and what types of challenges affect the way they learn.
Carroll, Springfield’s Child Advocate does just that; she participates in a panel discussion about childhood poverty.
“The seven-member panel outlined many of the critical issues facing Springfield children, including chronic hunger, deep-rooted poverty, child abuse, inadequate health care and the lack of access to quality housing, childcare and early educational experiences.”
If we are aware of these challenges we could fully understand why some of our students behave the way that they do. Why students ask for second and third helpings during lunch time, why they fall asleep during circle time and why they can’t focus on their lessons.
We could use our resources to help the parents get what they need for their children. But we can’t do that if we don’t know what kinds of resources are available in our community.
Working with these organizations can also extend our knowledge on what is really needed, since we are getting the information first hand.
When my son was younger, I took him to a Church Christmas stocking charity which helped families in need during the holiday season. I wanted him to understand that his life and the things that he received, was something that not every child received for Christmas.
But I was the one that learned a lesson; as we stuffed the stockings with underwear I mentioned that it would not be enough since the bag only consist of 3 pair, the person in charge said “we have to split them up so everyone would get something.” I replied, “But what will they do for the remaining days?” I honestly did not understand what they would do without them. My sister replied, “They would make do.” That experience stayed with me, we might think we understand what goes on in our communities and in the world, because we see it on television or read about it in the newspaper, but we really don’t know; at least I didn't.
Being knowledgeable about what goes on in our communities and throughout the world would make us more aware of what is needed to improve our Early Childhood structure in and out of the classroom. | <urn:uuid:105f0e35-f466-4ca4-8965-68e904f79175> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://fatcheeksnet.blogspot.com/2013/09/learn-about-your-students-inside-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589752.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717144908-20180717164908-00518.warc.gz | en | 0.982253 | 522 | 3.078125 | 3 |
|The Duke of Grafton's coat of arms|
Do you ever stop to wonder what’s in a name?
Recently my son had such a moment when he travelled through Euston station, London, and asked me, “Why is Euston station called Euston?” This is a perfectly reasonable question but I didn’t know the answer. Not being the sort of person who can forget about such things, I looked into the origins of Euston’s name and in the process unearthed some interesting historical trivia.
|Euston Hall circa 1806|
The short answer is that Euston station was named after Euston Hall, in Suffolk –but the long answer is far more interesting…
|The concourse of the modern day Euston Station.|
Euston Station was built in early Victorian times as the main terminus for the London to Birmingham track. The location on the edge of the expanding city was selected in the 1830’s by George and Robert Stephenson. At that time farmland abutted the plot and the principal land owner was the Duke of Grafton, and the new station was named after the Duke’s country estate, Euston Hall…and this is where we take an interesting digression.
|The first Duke of Grafton, Henry Charles Fitzroy|
The title ‘Duke of Grafton’ was created in 1675 by Charles II for his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy. The child's mother was Charles' favourite mistress, Barbara Palmer, with whom he had five children and whose influence was so great that she was known as the ‘uncrowned queen of England’. To understand how Euston Hall came into the possession of Henry Fitzroy, we must taken another digression and consider the history of Euston Hall itself which can be traced back to the Domesday Book. The manor was mentioned in 1087 as belonging to Bury St Edmunds Abbey. In 1578, Queen Elizabeth I stayed there on a journey to Norwich.
|The eleventh Duke of Grafton outside Euston Hall|
A little under a hundred years later the estate, in a state of near ruin, was bought by the Earl of Arlington (Secretary of State to the newly restored Charles II) and indeed, the king visited on several occassions. Charles took an interest in all his illegitimate children and in 1672 Charles arranged the marriage of his son Henry Fitzroy, to the heiress daughter of the Earl of Arlington. The young couple eventually married in 1679 (the bride being just 12, but having reached the minimal legal age to marry with consent) and they inherited Euston Hall in 1685.
|The temple in the grounds of Euston Park, Suffolk|
The Euston estate had a circumference of some thirty to forty miles enclosing various hamlets and villages over which subsequent successive dukes took an almost parental interest. The verdant woodland, flowing stream and rolling fields are here celebrated in a poem, The Farmer’s Boy:
Where noble Grafton spreads his rich domains
Round Euston's water'd vale and sloping plains,
Where woods and groves in solemn grandeur rise,
Where the kite brooding unmolested flies;
The woodcock and the painted pheasant race,
And skulking foxes destin'd for the chase.
Over the centuries the house and surrounding park land were rebuilt by various designers and architects including Capability Brown and William Kent. The latter was party to reintroducing the influential Palladian style to Georgian England and landmarks such as the Treasury buildings at Whitehall (demolished in 1830) and the Horse Guards building.
|The modern day Euston Station|
So…is Euston station deserving of a name so rich with history? I’ll let you be the judge.
Coming soon from Grace Elliot: | <urn:uuid:f022acdc-2ff8-4170-90ea-c8b853937a70> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://englishhistoryauthors.blogspot.com/2013/12/whats-in-name-euston-station.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999645330/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060725-00002-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969489 | 829 | 2.859375 | 3 |
January 5, 2004 — Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there? Do you forget the names of people you just met? Do you get to work and realize you forgot your lunch? Have you wondered why is it you can recall every note of the piano piece you learned when you were five, but can’t remember where you parked your car 30 minutes ago?
“Memory,” an exhibition developed by the Exploratorium in San Francisco, addresses these and other memory-related issues and includes personal, social, cultural, psychological and neurological perspectives. The highly interactive exhibit, which guides visitors through the labyrinth of memory, opens Jan. 17th at the Utah Museum of Natural History at the University of Utah. On display in the museum’s Dumke Gallery, the exhibit is organized into eight sections: The Senses; Remembering What’s Meaningful; Forgetting; Faces; Remembering Without Thinking; The Brain; Personal Memory; and Shared Memory. Games, interactive activities and explanations are all part of the exhibit, which runs through April 25th. The exhibit is open Monday through Saturday, 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. and Sunday, noon to 5 p.m. Cost for admission is $6 for adults, $3.50 for children, ages 3 to12, and $3.50 for senior citizens. University students, faculty and staff with a current I.D. card are free.
Contrary to what most people think, memory is not like a tape recorder or video camera, capturing events, thoughts and feelings. Current research suggests that memories are constructed like jigsaw puzzles, with many shapes and pieces making up a memory: from what a person sees, hears, experiences and feels at a time; from what a person is told after an event or happening; and from suggestions, thoughts and implications, all filtered through perception, attitude and the self.
A 14-part lecture series on memory will parallel the spring exhibition. The series, featuring various aspects of memory and speakers with unique and interesting perspectives on the subject, is free and open to the public and will be held on Fridays, at noon, in the Marriott Library’s Gould Auditorium, located on the University campus. (There will be no lecture on March 19, during spring break.) Hosted by the museum, and co-sponsored by the Associated Students of the University of Utah (ASUU), and the University of Utah, the lectures will begin on Jan. 16th, with a lecture titled “The Pitfalls of Memory: Memory Errors We All Make,” by University of Utah Psychology Professor Raymond P. Kesner. The series will run through Friday, April 23rd.
Kesner, a recipient of the U’s prestigious Distinguished Research Award, is a leading researcher in the realm of learning and memory. He has authored more than 140 publications and more than 30 chapters and books on the subject. His research interests are in the theoretical and applied aspects associated with the neurobiological basis of learning and memory in both animals and humans. Recently his work has concentrated on the development of animal models paralleling mnemonic symptomatology in brain-damaged patients.
The schedule of speakers and topics for the “Memory” lecture series is as follows:
Jan. 23rd: Eileen Hallet Stone, writer and media producer, “The Elaborate Art of the Oral History Interview.” Hallet Stone is the author of the books Missing Stories, which discusses the gathering of oral histories before they die, and Homeland in the West, Utah Jews Remember.
Jan. 30th: Bill Marcroft, U of U radio sports announcer, “Memories of the Rivalry Between the U of U and BYU.” Marcroft has been calling U of U sports for 37 years, including 38 NCAA basketball tournament games involving the Utes as well as six Utah football bowl games. Memorabilia from the U’s Athletics Department will be on display.
Feb. 6th: Darius Gray, African American author and historian, “Snapshots of the Lives of Former Slaves: The Freedman Bank Project.” The Freedman’s Bank Project is an LDS Church-produced CD-ROM database that contains information on approximately 500,000 people who opened an account with the Freedman’s Bank Savings and Trust Company, a Reconstruction-era institution.
Feb. 13th: John Reed, U of U professor of history, “Combat Photography and the Memory of WWII.” Reed has researched how photography impacts and triggers our memory of historical events, even if not experienced first-hand.
Feb. 20th: Kent Powell, editor, Utah Historical Quarterly, “Words Make Our Experience Last: Memory through Written and Oral History.” An associate instructor of history at Westminster College, Powell’s books include The Next Time We Strike: Labor in Utah’s Coal Fields 1900-1933, Splinters of a Nation: German Prisoners of War in Utah; Utah Remembers World War II and The Utah Guide.
Feb. 27th: Michael Dunn, advertising executive and media producer, “Memory of a Grizzly Bear Attack, Ten Years Later.” While training in Grand Teton National Park for a marathon, Dunn was suddenly attacked, then mauled, clawed, bitten and pounced on by a grizzly bear. Miraculously, he survived the first-ever bear attack in the 60-year history of the park.
March 5th: Hal Cannon, author, cowboy musician and folklorist, “The Echo of Western Songs: Why the Cowboy Sings.” Cannon is founding director of the Western Folklife Center and its National Cowboy Poetry Gathering at Elko, Nevada-now in its 20th year.
March 12th: Steve Olsen, associate managing director, Family and Church History Department, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “A Theology of Memory in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.” An adjunct professor of anthropology at Brigham Young University, Olsen has coordinated a number of award-winning restorations of Mormon historic sites.
March 19th (Spring Break-no lecture)
March 26th: Greg Clark, U of U associate professor of bioengineering, “Memory: From Molecules to Mind.” Clark is approaches memory from a neurobiological perspective. His research has focused on the mammalian brain as well as simple organisms, including the sea slug, which has the largest nerve cells.
April 2nd: Ken Verdoia, KUED television senior producer, “Shadows & Light: History, Memory and the Utah Experience.” Verdoia is the recipient of more than 100 regional, national and international awards for journalistic and program excellence. His documentaries examine little-known chapters of western history and are among the most popular programs produced locally for public television.
April 9th: Shirley Ririe, founder Ririe Woodbury Dance Company, “A Major Dance Community in the Nation: How it Started.” Ririe was a professor of modern dance at the University, where she taught for 39 years. She has been a consultant for the National Endowment for the Arts and serves on the National Advisory Committee for Young Audiences.
April 16th: Robert Hill, chair, U of U Department of Educational Psychology, “Is it Possible to Improve Your Memory Through Mnemonic Techniques?” Hill’s areas of interest include Alzheimer’s disease and its effects on caretakers, memory and aging-specifically the use of mnemonics to improve memory among the elderly.
April 23rd: Tom Schenkenberg, U of U associate professor, neurology, U of U School of Medicine, “The Evaluation of Memory Impairment in Neurological Conditions.” Schenkenberg has many years of clinical experience treating patients with memory problems. His research specialties are in neuropsychology and dementia.
For more information on the exhibit and/or lecture series, call 801-585-6369, or go to http://www.umnh.utah.edu/museum/exhibits/memory.html. | <urn:uuid:dae86042-a61e-4266-b2bd-ae5ef77e4169> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://archive.unews.utah.edu/news_releases/utah-museum-of-natural-history-to-host-quotmemoryquot-exhibit-and-lecture-series/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780055632.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20210917090202-20210917120202-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942334 | 1,715 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What is green steel?
Wednesday 1st Jun 2022, 12.30pm
Steel has become an essential commodity in modern society – used in everything from our cars and our buildings to the cutlery we use to eat our dinner. Unfortunately, the process used to traditionally produce steel (mining iron ore and combining it with carbon in a blast oxygen furnace) releases a huge amount of CO2. So, is there a cleaner way of producing steel? In this episode, we chat to Prof Barbara Rossi about ‘green steel’, and how it could improve the sustainability and resilience of the construction industry.
Emily Elias: Steel is pervasive in our society. In fact, we use so much steel that we probably don’t even think about it; from our cars, to our buildings, to our forks. I bet there’s something made of steel in arms-reach right now, but making steel isn’t necessarily the greatest thing for climate change.
So why not make it greener? On this episode of the Oxford Sparks Big Questions podcast, we are asking, what is green steel?
Hello, I’m Emily Elias. And this is the show where we seek out the brightest minds at the university of Oxford. And we ask them the big questions. And for this one, we found a researcher who has a long history with steel and wants to make it better.
Barbara Rossi: So my name is Barbara Rossi and I am an engineer, a structural engineer. I am a professor at the University of Oxford and I research metals, more particularly carbon steel.
And I look at these metals within the construction sector and I look at how I can improve the construction sector, sustainability and resilience.
Emily: How important is steel to the way we live our lives?
Barbara: I could start comparing materials, but just to give you an example, when you speak about any material, one of the properties that we use is Young’s modulus.
Young’s modulus is basically telling how much your material will deform if you put a certain stress, a certain pressure on that material. That number for steel is 210,000 megapascal. It doesn’t tell you anything at this stage, but if you take aluminium, for instance, just that number for aluminium is 70,000. That number for concrete is 30,000 and for timber, it’s 10,000.
So we’re not talking about small differences here. We’re talking about multiplication factors between materials. That is why steel is- well, that is one of the reasons why steel is so incredible and irreplaceable.
Emily: Where does steel come from?
Barbara: So mostly there are two ways to produce steel. The first is based on iron ore, so we have to mine that ore and we have to combine it with carbon in a huge, what is called a blast oxygen furnace, that will eventually give raw liquid steel.
Or we can recycle steel. So still that we have produced and used, for instance, in a washing machine, we can recycle it, in which case we will use an electric arc furnace, which is a huge furnace in which we will mix all kind of scrap from different sectors; construction, automotive, et cetera. And we will just melt that steel with electricity.
Emily: Is there any big difference from the steel that comes from a mill or that is recycled?
Barbara: There is no such difference between steel that is produced using the primary production and steel that is produced using the secondary production. So electric arc furnace, there is no difference between these steels. They are just raw liquid steel, both of them, but perhaps there is a technical constraint that comes with the electric arc furnace.
And that’s, in fact, we are mixing all sorts of steel when we recycle steel. So we are mixing all sorts of metals in a way, including, for instance, copper, that comes from the wiring for instance, so that can lead to additional difficulty.
So for instance we have to use certain ways to produce steel using the electric arc furnace, which will lead to the same quality as the steel that is produced using the primary production route.
Emily: Okay. So when this phrase comes up of green steel, what exactly does green steel mean?
Barbara: So green steel would mean steel that has been produced based mostly on green energy, such as green electricity, for instance. So taking a very simple example, green steel would be steel that is produced through the electric arc furnace and that electric arc furnace would be using green electricity.
So hydropower, the sun, et cetera. Obviously, in this case, the environmental impacts that are associated to production of that steel are very low.
Emily: So why would this be then such like a big deal for climate change if we were just making green steel instead regular, old steel?
Barbara: It’s actually extremely easy to make great steel through the electric arc furnace, but it’s obviously an immense step towards net zero because of the immense amount of steel that we need today for our washing machines, for our dishwashers, for buildings, et cetera, et cetera. The world’s need, the world’s producing more than 2 billion ton of steel per annum. In the UK only we are in need of between 10 million ton and 20 million ton of steel per annum. This is huge.
So it’s a very big deal to be able today to produce green steel. It is an immensely important step towards net zero.
Emily: How many people are then actually making green steel?
Barbara: Not many. (Laughter)
Emily: Why is that?
Barbara: Well it costs money, obviously. So you need- What I said about the electric arc furnace. The beauty of the electric arc furnace is that it’s immediately scalable. So you could build an electric arc furnace today and plug it to the green electricity, you could actually combine existing electric arc furnace with green electricity.
So that’s totally feasible, but it costs money. And it is possibly also a difficult decision for government because there is the primary production of steel today that still exists and obviously cannot possibly decide just like that to stop all primary production of steel; it would cost a huge amount of- well, all these people that are working in the primary production of steel would certainly lose their jobs.
So it’s a difficult decision indeed, but it’s feasible. And it’s done today, for instance, you have SSAB that is currently producing green steel. There are very latest commitments from the French government who is now investing, I think, €1.7 or €2bn in building two completely new sites in France to produce green steel.
So it’s happening.
Emily: What about the big guys like China and the US? Have they bought into the idea of green steel and making these sorts of conversions to the industry?
Barbara: Yes, indeed. So in fact, interestingly, China is currently responsible for producing roughly half of the world’s production of steel.
So we’re talking about 600 million ton of steel per annum. It is obviously immense or overwhelming, but interestingly, they are leading the way towards green steel. For instance, to give an example, they have decided to build 45 new electric arc furnaces to produce hopefully a huge amount of steel based on recycling.
So China is today, I would say, giving a good example towards the production of green steel. In the United States, it’s even more interesting because roughly 50% of the steel that is produced in the United States is produced with electric arc furnaces. So there is a big difference, in fact, between the US and the UK, that in the US, they use their scrap.
So they recycle a lot of metal. They do not export it. They actually use it to make new steel, which is not the case for the UK. So for some reason, we’re just leaking out this massive amount of steel that we recycle every year, instead of keeping it for ourselves and making new products with this recycled steel.
Emily: What do you think is the timeline for starting to see a shift from the more traditional, like, operations of how we get steel to a carbon neutral green steel outfit?
Barbara: My response to that question is in twofold. The first one is, there is no timeline, it has to happen now. If it does not happen now, we will simply face a future where primary production of steel, which will be too costly in terms of environmental impact, will have to disappear.
So we’re going to have to close these modes of producing steel in the UK, so it is inevitable. We have to change our way of producing steel in the UK or we’re going to have to rely on other countries and that other steel that we will buy elsewhere will have environmental impact elsewhere. So the problem is just displaced to another country.
So it’s not a matter of thinking, “When does this have to happen?” It has to happen now. (Laughter) And I don’t have a crystal ball and I cannot foresee the future, but my vision personally is that there is a way for the UK to today, really, bet on a good future, a good future where we would have two to three electric arc furnaces in our country working hard, delivering 7, 8, 9 million ton of steel per annum; it’s feasible.
The UK has a leading position in terms of producing green electricity. It’s only increasing. So even though we would not necessarily today be able to produce all the steel that we need using green electricity, possibly in the future, we would be able to.
So I see a future where we produce our steel with the steel that we recycle every year. And that steel would be green.
Emily: This podcast was brought to you by Oxford Sparks from the University of Oxford, with music by John Lyons and a special thanks to Barbara Rossi.
Tell us what you think about this podcast. You can go to Twitter and tweet us. We are @OxfordSparks. We’re also on Instagram @OxfordSparks or you can just go to our website, Oxfordsparks.ox.ac.uk.
I’m Emily Elias, bye for now.
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Currently, there are 795 million hungry people in the world and India itself is home to the largest under-nourished and hungry population, with 195 million people going hungry every day. That is the plight of India with respect to malnutrition.
WHO defines malnutrition as “deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. The term ‘malnutrition’ covers two broad groups of conditions. One is ‘under nutrition’ which includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age) and micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals). The other is overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer).” To put it simply, malnutrition refers to either an individual suffering from under nutrition or over nutrition, although we usually conceive malnutrition as only under nutrition. Over nutrition or obesity is as much of malnutrition as it still comes under the purview of having imbalanced intake of nutrients.
“Although we might have succeeded in saving our girl child, we have not yet succeeded in feeding them. Data from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh shows that girls represent up to 68 percent of the children admitted to programmes for the severely malnourished. If this same vicious cycle continues, the struggle for a healthy India may get even harder and longer to combat”
So what exactly are the root causes of malnutrition and why has India been struggling with this evil for decades now? To begin with, gender bias can be looked upon as one of the root causes of malnutrition in India. To validate this point, let us look at the fact that although women make up a little over half of the world’s population, they account for 60 percent of the world’s hungry. In India, nutrition of children is particularly worse because of the state of their mothers. 36 percent of Indian women are chronically under-nourished right from childhood. This can be attributed to the fact that girl children are less wanted in a patriarchal society like India; where men receive food before women. Even though we might have succeeded in saving our girl child, we have not yet succeeded in feeding them. Data from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh shows that girls represent up to 68 percent of the children admitted to programmes for the severely malnourished. If this same vicious cycle continues, the struggle for a healthy India may get even harder and longer to combat.
India is one of the largest democracies in the world. It has witnessed a surge in the business sector. Despite the economic boom, there are still many social evils prevailing in India, impacting the society and development of the nation as a whole. One of the biggest evils among these is malnutrition. Each year, many innocent children lose their life due to malnutrition as they do not only get enough food, and even when they do, it is of low quality. To add to this drawback, lack of health facilities, cleanliness and awareness are further aggravating the problem. This situation has grown so grave that at present it calls for immediate action. When looked upon closely, we will find that there is enough food to feed everyone in the world. India has enough food and resources that all her deprived children can be fed. However, despite phenomenal industrial and economic growth and while India produces sufficient food to feed its population, it is unable to provide access to food to a large number of people, especially women and children. Despite availability of such abundant resources, data shows that each year, many children continue to die of malnutrition. On one hand we talk about development, while on the other, our children are not getting enough food. Let us take a look: where Gross Domestic Production has increased 4.5 times and per capita consumption has increased three times, similarly, food grain production has also increased almost two times.
“India is hungry. Not just for economic development and social justice, but for grain, for vegetables, for fruit, for seed, for poultry, for milk. The most critical kind of hunger is the hunger of both the father and the child for survival”
India is hungry. Not just for economic development and social justice, but for grain, for vegetables, for fruit, for seed, for poultry, for milk. The most critical kind of hunger is the hunger of both the father and the child for survival. India has the highest number of children in the world suffering from malnutrition. This is a wake-up call for us. The government is now working towards the problem of malnutrition and has come up with a campaign ‘Malnutrition Quit India’, which was launched by the Ministry for Women and Child Development (MWDC), Government of India in November 2012. There are also many other programmes that have been initiated before this, having the same objective of feeding every child of India. Midday Meal Scheme by the Akshaya Patra Foundation, Integrated Child Development Scheme, National Rural Health Mission, Balwadi Nutrition Programme, are a few among these. India at present needs more initiations of these kinds. These initiatives can bear fruit but only with the sincere involvement of the people handling these campaigns. Every single grain should reach the neediest person instead of rotting in warehouses. There should be no corruption involved in such a noble cause.
Despite all these programmes, millions of people in India are still living below the poverty line, are malnourished, because the surplus food grains that we have is evidently not reaching to the ones who need it the most. This is a major ongoing problem and a battle that has to be won. The root cause for this can be attributed to corruption and mismanagement within committees, organisations and concerned individuals. The government has opened up subsidised food shops that get funds from the Public Distribution System (PDS) in various rural areas and villages. These shops are supposed to give out 35 kg of rice or grain a month to every family living below the officially declared poverty line, but most of the time, these shops lack supply to meet the demand.
Over time, observation helps us deduce that no single ministry or intervention has been able to lead to rapid reductions in under-nutrition burden; which simply implies that delivering a set of essential nutrition interventions from diverse sectors of India is essential to create environments that foster optimal child growth and better nutrition for all. Few countries like Bangladesh, Brazil, Senegal, Vietnam and Thailand have undertaken fitting interventions which have led to dramatic improvements.
This is exactly where CSR can step in and make a difference, make each grain count. India is the only country in the world with a legislated CSR. The new law mandates that all companies, including foreign firms, which either has a net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 Crore or net profit of Rs 5 Crore, needs to spend at least two percent of its average net profit forthe immediate preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities. Shining examples of such efficient CSR can be seen below:
i) Chennai: Save the Children launched Aaharam (an extension of the Mission Nutrition was launched by its partner GlaxoSmithKline). This project raised awareness about malnutrition causes among mothers, families and communities. It was carried out across 20 notified slums of Chennai and 15 villages in the Tiruvallur district.
Activities included regular malnutrition screening of children (especially between ages 3-6); Community Case Management of undernourished children; nutrition education – with regard to feeding practices of young children; follow-upon malnutrition-afflicted children; improving community access to nutritious food through locally available food items.
ii) Maharashtra: Save the Children (in partnership with the Rajmata Jijau Mother – Child Health and Nutrition Mission of Government of Maharashtra) implemented its Village Child Development Centre (VCDC) model to treat malnourished children. This scheme works at 30 Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) centres with support from local Anganwadi workers in tribal areas in the Thane district to screen the young for malnutrition. The malnourished get regular meals, treatment for infections, as well as receive anti-parasitic and Vitamin A supplements.
iii) Stop Diarrhoea Initiative: WASH Diarrhoea and malnutrition are closely linked to poor hygiene (infections trigger mineral depletion and loss of appetite and can lead to malnutrition) which is also India’s two leading causes of under-five deaths.
Such examples can further motivate other companies to take up lawful CSR and make the most out of it – by investing money back into the society and touching millions.
While CSR can be one of the efficient and widespread ways of tackling this situation, other necessary measures can include immediate actions to change nutrition outcomes such as:
One, appointing a Nutrition Secretariat as part of the Prime Minister’s Office. The Secretariat can help in ensuring that these priorities are met and are aligned with the overall development of our country. This would include both nutrition specific and nutrition-sensitive initiatives. Nutrition metrics can be used to track the progress just like we track economic progress through economic metrics. We can identify such suitable indicators.
Two, create a nodal ministry accountable for revamping the ICDS, MDM, PDS with clear goals, timelines and resources. These can also be opened up for public-private partnerships and make these CSR-eligible by inviting corporate firms which will create a sustainable impact of CSR activities on the local communities.
Three, we can also consider extending large-scale food fortification beyond salt to other staples like flour, oil, dairy, etc., and establish mandatory standards by category.
Four, invest in information, awareness and education about good nutrition practices, extending from a diverse diet to de-worming, breast feeding, hygiene and sanitation, etc. Nutrition can be complex and therefore it needs to be simplified in behavioural terms for the public to understand and grasp.
India has a huge potential and it must convert its young population to a competitive advantage. This can be done only if nutrition and health are foundational to that outcome. While a lot of young people are taking up entrepreneurship, sensitising them to such issues and their possible contribution through CSR can go along way in shaping India’s future. According to data compiled by ratings agency Crisil, CSR spend has rose from Rs 2,500 crore to Rs 8,300 crore in fiscal 2016. This proves that the potential for CSR is huge in India, only if incorporated actively and judiciously. While we all make a living by what we get, it should be reinforced and remembered that we make a life by what we give.
Manish Handa is Director, Conexus Social Responsibility Services Pvt. Ltd. | <urn:uuid:8261e981-1caa-4e99-a60b-a629956d315b> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.csrmandate.org/finding-solutions-to-the-complexities-of-hunger-and-malnutrition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710869.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20221201185801-20221201215801-00575.warc.gz | en | 0.948994 | 2,216 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Food is an important factor in sustaining life and promoting good health. It is composed of nutrients and chemical compounds. In addition, it is a primary source of energy for most animals.
The basic food groups include fruits, vegetables, animal foods, and grains. All of these items supply essential micronutrients and nutrients that are needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. People’s nutrient requirements vary, depending on their age, activity level, pregnancy, and the state of their health.
Animal foods, such as meat, poultry, and fish, are a rich source of protein, fat, and vitamins. The liver, for example, contains important amounts of vitamin A and iron.
Fruits contain vitamins and minerals. Fresh fruits can be preserved in various ways, including canning and freezing. Many of these foods are also a good source of fibre.
The types of food that are available to the population of a particular country can vary considerably. In the developed world, many diets are too high in fat and salt, and too low in fruits and vegetables. This causes the population to become overweight, which may eventually lead to diabetes and other problems.
Food safety is an increasingly important issue. Each year, about 600 million people fall ill due to eating contaminated foods. This means that about 33 million healthy life years are lost. The problem is even worse in developing countries. Malnutrition is a significant issue in these countries, where people tend to lack the resources to eat nutritious foods.
Most people in the United States, for instance, are encouraged to select the foods that provide the most nutrients. This has been achieved through the development of food-focused guidelines. These include the USDA Food Patterns, which specify target calorie levels for each food group. They also help to simplify the dietary recommendations. The food pattern model used to develop these recommendations uses a food pattern model, which models the distribution of each of the different food groups in a variety of locations.
In addition, the way people eat can be a major factor in determining whether food is safe or unsafe. For example, people who eat a lot of sugary foods often eat less nutritious foods, which increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Fortunately, scientists have discovered a wide range of nutrients. These include vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They are required for proper digestion and absorption, and they are vital for the growth and repair of body tissues.
The process of absorption is the key to nutrition. The nutrient needs of the human body are determined by age, pregnancy, recovery from illness, and the state of the person’s health. However, it is important to eat a variety of foods to receive all the nutrients that your body needs.
Although there are many factors that influence the food rules we follow, the most significant contributors are family, culture, and food access. Each of these factors can be affected by other factors, such as how people were raised, their beliefs and social structures. | <urn:uuid:9e1ae190-aafc-4571-8cf5-1c7f4b774b7b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://resepbunda.co/the-importance-of-food-15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102637.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210190744-20231210220744-00619.warc.gz | en | 0.965761 | 604 | 4.03125 | 4 |
|Gary P. Wormser, M.D.|
In his 30 years as founder and lead physician of the Lyme Disease Diagnostic Center at New York Medical College (NYMC), Gary P. Wormser, M.D., professor of medicine, microbiology and immunology, and pharmacology, and vice chair of medicine for research and development at NYMC, has seen a countless number of ticks indigenous to New York State. But on June 4, 2018, a patient from Yonkers, New York walked into the Center with a tick Dr. Wormser hadn’t yet encountered. The exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis), also known as the longhorn tick, was new to New York.
The patient had removed the tick from his leg earlier that morning, received treatment from his local physician, and was sent directly to the Lyme Disease Diagnostic Center—Westchester County’s most established walk-in clinic dedicated to treating Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections, which just celebrated 30 years of providing clinical care and conducting research to advance knowledge on tick-borne infections. Dr. Wormser confirmed the new species through a collaborative effort with the New York State Department of Health and Fordham University. “I sent the tick to Richard Falco [Ph.D.] a medical entomologist for the New York State Department of Health and a faculty member of Fordham University, who sent it to Rutgers for more sophisticated genetic analyses,” he explains.
“In 2017, this tick species was found on a sheep in New Jersey. It had not been known to exist in New York,” Dr. Wormser says. Since then, “H. longicornis ticks have been identified in New Jersey, several other states including West Virginia, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and now in New York State. No human in the United States was known to have been bitten,” he says.
Speaking to the potential impact, Dr. Wormser says the new species means more ticks to potentially bite humans. “This tick is clearly a concern for farm animals where it can cause anemia, a reduction in milk production from cattle, and potentially transmit diseases. Whether it is a concern for spreading human infections in the United States is unclear at present,” he says. | <urn:uuid:d6e6922c-17bf-486c-aa9d-dc86d6f40c96> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.nymc.edu/faculty/faculty-spotlight/gary-p-wormser/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249434065.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223021219-20190223043219-00221.warc.gz | en | 0.96762 | 482 | 2.71875 | 3 |
When the world faced a incurable pandemic, Big Pharma delivered. Moderna has joined Pfizer in successfully creating a COVID-19 vaccine with breathtaking speed, only to encounter the glacial pace of the government’s “expedited” approval process.
Moderna actually developed a cure that is 95% effective, mRNA-1273, in just two days this January as part of the Trump administration’s Operation Warp Speed. At a time when few people – reportedly even members of the research team – had heard of the novel coronavirus, scientists began looking for a cure. Messenger RNA technology meant that, instead of having to grow cultures of the virus in a laboratory, researchers merely needed its genetic sequence, supercharging the R&D process. And Moderna became one of the private firms to succeed (so far).
The two-day creation (hopefully temporarily) represents the summit of our history of speeding up vaccine introduction. A series of influenza vaccines rolled out over the course of 14 years; it took three years for Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine, nine years for Thomas Peebles’ measles vaccine, six years for the Yellow Fever vaccine, four years for the Hepatitis B vaccine, and five months for the H1N1 (Swine flu) vaccine. While Moderna accepted federal funding for its research phase, Pfizer – which received the world’s first authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine – confirmed that “all the investment for R&D was made by Pfizer at risk.”
But the R&D phase does not bring the tale to an end. There’s the rub. The FDA may approve both companies’ vaccines on December 10, and as many as 40 million doses may be distributed by year’s end. HHS Secretary Alex Azar has said, once approved, the vaccines could be delivered within 24 hours, and CVS Health announced it is ready to vaccine nursing home patients 24 hours after that.
The world now waits impatiently for the FDA to give its approval. The wait seems unbearable to a COVID-weary public – even in “Operation Warp Speed.” Even Republican allies of the president have had to publicly shame the FDA for dragging its feet on potentially life-saving breakthroughs. But compare this to the average FDA approval time of 10 months for “standard review” or six months for “priority review.” The full drug development usually drags on much longer:
New drug and device approval in the United States take an average of 12 and 7 years, respectively, from pre-clinical testing to approval. Costs for development of medical devices run into millions of dollars, and a recent study suggests that the entire cost for a new drug is in excess of $1 billion. For investigators seeking approval for new drugs and devices, FDA processes can be formidable.
That raises the question: What other cures may be trapped in the government’s Byzantine inspection regimen?
The question remains salient, because people across the political spectrum want to eradicate infectious diseases, yet all the public’s focus remains on the development, not the final approval. Joe Biden pledged in his Thanksgiving address, “We’re gonna find cures for cancer and Alzheimers and diabetes, I promise you.” However, his drug pricing plan would bleed an estimated $300 billion out of the drug industry over the next nine years.
The liberal-leaning Public Citizen group has already alleged that the COVID-19 vaccine producers “overcharged taxpayers.” While everyone wants to lower drug prices, “A 1999 Boston Consulting Group study found that pharmaceutical price controls in Greece, Belgium, and France delayed the drug development-to-market timeline by up to a year.” Profits matter, because they offer companies incentives.
As Moderna’s latest miracle shows, truly live in a time when “knowledge shall increase” (Daniel 12:4), or as a more accurate translation states, “knowledge shall be multiplied.” But knowledge does not fall out of Heaven like manna; it comes by deliberate cultivation. The Bible expositor Matthew Henry wrote in his commentary on Daniel, “Those that would have their knowledge increased must take pains, must not sit still in slothfulness and bare wishes but run to and fro, must make use of all the means of knowledge and improve all opportunities of getting their mistakes rectified, their doubts resolved, and their acquaintance with the things of God improved, to know more and to know better what they do know.” (Emphasis in original.)
The human race has proved it can learn how to stamp out global pandemics on an exponentially quicker timeline. But government has not yet demonstrated the innovation, dexterity, and efficiency to approve those cures in an equally safe but more expeditious manner. This status quo holds even though delays mean deaths increase as sickness persists and spreads. The pressing need is for our public leaders to learn how to decrease red tape without sacrificing patient health. Unfortunately, few seem interested in discovering how to bring the market’s speed into the public sector. | <urn:uuid:675b87cf-1d40-4f30-bb82-cb41cffe63aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://blog.acton.org/archives/117805-modernas-market-oriented-covid-vaccine-miracle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337631.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005140739-20221005170739-00751.warc.gz | en | 0.955183 | 1,061 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Shakespeare wrote for popular and aristocratic audiences both.
Like other theater companies of the era, Richard Burbage's company (of which Shakespeare was a part) depended upon patronage by members of the aristocracy; it was known at various times as "The Lord Chamberlain's Men" and "The King's Men" to reflect who its patrons were.
Shakespeare's plays were most often performed to large crowds. The Globe Theatre and Blackfriars were built to accommodate different social classes. There were also private performances of Shakespeare's plays to the court of King James. Some of Shakespeare's plays included content aimed at pleasing his patrons; for instance, the play Macbeth, in contrast to the sources Shakespeare drew from, portrayed Macbeth's claim to the throne as entirely illegitimate, and includes a scene that is largely flattery for King James and his ancestors (that is, Macbeth's second meeting with the witches, in which they show him the line of succession of Scottish kings that leads up to King James.)
Shakespeare's intellectual background is often contrasted with Christopher Marlowe, a contemporary playwright who had been a scholar at Cambridge. However, while Shakespeare was not a university scholar, he was widely read, and his plays drew on a variety of classical and contemporary literary sources.
Of course, much of the content of Shakespeare's plays can be understood without classical education, and include physical comedy, sexual humor, and action scenes, that would appeal to a wide audience; and we know his plays drew large audiences.
Several of Shakespeare's plays include a play-within-a-play, most famously Hamlet and A Midsummer Night's Dream; the latter, particularly, gives a stylized glimpse of different social classes interacting through the theatre, and reacting to different aspects of the story. | <urn:uuid:cdab0c9e-1c47-4675-b39a-4f21cbfc3d2c> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/407/were-shakespeares-plays-written-for-high-culture-or-entertain-the-bawdy-mass/409 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487612537.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614135913-20210614165913-00634.warc.gz | en | 0.984429 | 368 | 3.703125 | 4 |
If there is any other cryptocurrency which is much sought after Bitcoin in digital currency space, then it is none other than Ethereum. But most of the time, it has been found that people often get puzzled between Ethereum and Ether. Some may misunderstand as these to be the same, but it is not so, as there is a difference between the Ethereum and Ether, which you will get to know by reading this blog.
To understand the difference more clearly, let us start by knowing about Ethereum and then we will move on to Ether and will help you in finding out the difference more clearly. So let’s get started.
To understand, Ethereum is a blockchain-based computing technology and an operating system which consists of scripting functionality. The Ethereum white paper came into being on 30th July 2015 and was founded by cryptocurrency researcher and programmer, Vitalik Buterin. Ethereum contains a decentralised virtual machine, which executes scripts through the international network of public nodes. It makes developers in structuring and deploying decentralised applications.
Ethereum comes off as the best example in the movement of decentralisation. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum also works on blockchain technology, popularly known as the distributed ledger system, which eliminates the role of the third-party system, which have been performing the task of storing financial records and data. It uses nodes run by volunteers for replacing individual server headed by prime internet providers and services.
The idea behind is to indicate the connectivity of nodes for becoming a world computer, aiming to provide infrastructure for all people, globally. And when it comes to ideal Ethereum, no one is authorised to have control over your data, which makes it fewer possibilities for hacking and shutdowns.
Supporting New Type Of Application
Besides decentralisation of hosting duties and servers, Ethereum is supportive of a new application known as ‘dapp’. These applications functions are similar to the Ethereum network by being decentralised and making the best use of nodes via a global network, provided by Ethereum.
Apart from it, Ethereum is considered to be a big factor for the launch of initial coin offerings (ICO), which contributes to fundraising and new startups, supporting new services and companies connected with the Ethereum network.
Now comes our main topic, which was aimed to classify the difference between Ethereum and Ether. Now since you have briefly understood about the Ethereum and its functioning, then better get an update with knowledge of Ether, which has caused confusion with Ethereum for many. By reading about Ethereum news, it has been mentioned that Ether is known as cryptocurrency, which is generated by Ethereum technology. It is the only currency which is accepted in the payment of transaction fees. It is known to work like cash and does not involve any third party for approving transactions. Although you cannot completely term it as digital currency, instead it can be understood as a kind of fuel for the decentralised ethereum network apps.
To understand more clearly, let’s cite you an example to understand this cryptocurrency in an easier way. Suppose there is an app available in the Ethereum network, which allows the user to create, make modifications or even to delete simple notes. But to perform any of these tasks, the app needs processing power through the network. Then to cover the cost for the power, a marginal fee is needed for the payment, if a user wants to make changes to existing notes. And Ether is one such token to make the payment.
So now you must have understood the difference between the Ethereum and Ether. Or to say, Ethereum as technology and Ether being its cryptocurrency. Hope this blog must have proved useful in giving you the insight about the Ethereum as technology and about its working. Moreover, the confusion which you had between technology and cryptocurrency has now been cleared.
Previously, people misunderstood about it and considered them as similar, which was not true. But now, this blog might have helped you form a better understanding. It must be noted that each particular action on Ethereum network needs computational time. Higher the time, higher will be the Ether fee to complete the action. This sets Ether apart from Bitcoin. | <urn:uuid:f68dba34-e0ce-4647-bca6-0be83b4ad6d2> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://timebusinessnews.com/puzzled-between-ethereum-and-ether-know-the-difference-here/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145533.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221142006-20200221172006-00498.warc.gz | en | 0.964989 | 823 | 2.75 | 3 |
Condensed Electron Configuration
• What is the condensed electron configuration of bromine?
• What are bromine’s valence electrons?
• How many valence electrons does titanium have?
• When does the d-block count toward an atom’s number of valence electrons?
• Aufbau Principle: electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.
• Hund’s Rule: Don’t pair up electrons until you have to.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle: no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers. In other words, no two electrons in the same atom can have the exact same address. | <urn:uuid:174ae0e0-a895-474e-bf69-045d7d030b48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://datbootcamp.com/videos/general-chemistry/atomic-and-electronic-structure/condensed-electron-configuration-valence-and-energy-diagrams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00163.warc.gz | en | 0.768223 | 153 | 3.65625 | 4 |
More than 1.2 million Americans, including over 15,000 Michiganders, are living with HIV
IONIA COUNTY — World AIDS Day on Dec. 1 each year is an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against HIV/AIDS, show their support for those living with HIV, and commemorate people who have died from AIDS. World AIDS Day is an important reminder that HIV has not gone away — there is still a need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education.
Currently, more than 1.2 million Americans, including over 15,000 Michiganders, are living with HIV. On average, HIV is spread to 50,000 people in the U.S. every year; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 90 percent of these new cases could be prevented by testing and diagnosis. People with HIV who don’t know that they are infected may spread it to others and will not get the important treatment that can keep them healthy for many years.
The CDC recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once. Women who are pregnant should be tested to protect their health and to prevent the spread of HIV to their baby. Those with certain risk factors should be tested at least once a year. These risk factors include:
People with more than one sexual partner
People who have contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
People who inject drugs
Men who have sex with men
The Ionia County Health Department offers free and confidential HIV screening year-round, by appointment. However, this Friday, the health department will accept walk-ins for testing from 9 to 11:30 a.m. and from 1-3 p.m. HIV testing may also be available from personal healthcare providers.
More information on HIV/AIDS is available from the CDC at the following website: www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/fact-sheets.html. For more information on World AIDS Day, visit www.hiv.gov/events/awareness-days/world-aids-day. | <urn:uuid:42ef7cf5-44dd-48b3-ba19-f6cedf98cd65> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.sentinel-standard.com/news/20171130/health-department-offers-walk-in-testing-on-world-aids-day-friday | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512499.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019232929-20181020014429-00522.warc.gz | en | 0.963869 | 433 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Like most programming languages, Postscript code consists of operators and operands.
Consider the arithmatic operation 2 + 3 = 5. The operands are 2 and 3, and the operator is plus (+). In Postscript this same operation would be coded as
2 3 add
The Postscript operation appears to be the reverse of “add 2 and 3.” The reason for this is that Postscipt is a “stack” based language. The numbers 2 and 3 are “pushed” onto the stack and then subsequently “popped” off the stack by the add operator which expected to find its two operands, the integers, on the stack. The result, 5, is then pushed onto the stack waiting invisibly for the next operation.
Another “type” of operand is the string of characters. Where some programming languages might say
PRINT “Hello world!”
(Hello world!) print
The term Polish in “reverse-polish notation” refers to the fact that operators and operands are kept to one side or another. Postscript finds the operands to the left.
For instance, the common notation (2 + 3) * (4 – 1) is stated in Postscript as:
2 3 add 4 1 sub mul
Notice how the results of add and sub are left waiting invisibly on the stack for the mul operator. And the final result, 15, is also left waiting on the stack.
Another operator, exch, is very useful in Postscript because it exchanges the top two positions on the stack.
4 1 exch sub
results in the number minus three being left on the stack. | <urn:uuid:3d47164c-7a93-402e-845e-4be4b92a7887> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://learnpostscript.wordpress.com/category/exch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646213.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319023123-20180319043123-00152.warc.gz | en | 0.924951 | 352 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Women in California would earn $78.6 billion more a year if we were paid equally to men.
From the day women start working, we are paid less than our male counterparts, and the wage gap gets bigger as women get older and gain more experience. And women of color fare much worse. According to the National Women’s Law Center, Black women working full time make only 63 cents for every dollar paid to their white-male counterparts, and Latinas make even less at 54 cents. To close that gap, on average, women have to work an extra 44 days each year to earn what men are paid.
Today is Equal Pay Day—an important day to call out these injustices and rally allies to make equity a reality. But one day isn’t enough, and today, April 10th, doesn’t reflect the time it will take most women to catch up to the salaries of men. And, of course, working 44 or more days isn’t an option.
For decades women have stood up and fought for equality, like Lilly Ledbetter, a supervisor at an Alabama tire factory and the lead plaintiff in the now infamous employment discrimination case. The Supreme Court told her she waited too long to seek justice. In the face of defeat, Congress stepped in and passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in 2009, which makes it easier to file a pay discrimination claim. The landmark piece of legislation was signed into law by President Barack Obama, the first bill he signed into law during his presidency.
Today, women in Hollywood are working together to bring fairness and transparency to their industry, which has been siloed for far too long and all too often to the detriment of women. For example, actresses like Connie Britton and Viola Davis openly discuss the gender pay gap and the importance of fighting for your worth. From camera women to A-list celebrities to producers, a substantial pay gap persists across Hollywood. And the women of Hollywood are working together with activists across the country to showcase the fact that women and girls in other industries fare far worse, and we need to lift up the voices of those women and girls.
When women work together, we get things done. And that’s why the United State of Women launched in 2016 with our first Summit, to bring women together across the country, in partnership with the Obama White House Council on Women and Girls, and it’s also why we exist today as an independent nonprofit, working every day to help women turn their passion into action.
On May 5 and 6 in Los Angeles, we will host our second Summit, where 5,000 women, girls, and allies will come together to gain the skills needed to fight inequality and discrimination, create opportunity, and lead our communities toward a brighter future. The summit will feature former first lady Michelle Obama, activist Ai-jen Poo, actress Connie Britton, Delores Huerta, and many others who continue to fight for justice and fairness for all women. It is this type of power building that makes our dreams of progress a reality.
With activists, business leaders, and experts working side-by-side, we can create a world where we no longer need to advocate for equal pay and fair treatment—because every pay day will be equal. | <urn:uuid:98455092-c1a4-4265-9b68-c4149902fb4d> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/civicnation/2018/04/10/equal-pay-day-breaking-down-pay-barriers-for-all-women-and-girls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195528208.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190722180254-20190722202254-00169.warc.gz | en | 0.961865 | 670 | 2.734375 | 3 |
April Little Plant - Bryophyta
This month we are excited to share a special treat from our neck of the woods! Bryophyta or "moss" is an amazing diverse family containing over 12,000 species! Each plant this month is a unique one of a kind combo of one or several species grown in the Cascade Mountain range, right here in Western Washington. Historically moss has been a tough plant to keep happy indoors but now with the fantastic pairing of silicone hydration beads (included!) and closed containers, its easy! Your moss comes in a plastic cube that can happily house your moss - just keep the moss moist by misting inside the box with a spray bottle every few days (if the hydration beads shrivel, soak them in water until they are the size of small marbles). Keep the lid closed to maintain moisture! Keep cool and away from direct light to avoid mold.
Bryophyta prefers filtered to medium light, as long as it does not dry out or get too hot!
Check your Bryophyta daily, it should always feel like a moist sponge. Keep the hydration beads full and plump to help you out! We recommend keeping Bryophyta in a cloche or even in the box it came in to keep it moist. If moved to an open air container, mist 1 - 2 times daily.
Add 1/4 strength fertilizer to water every few months.
Long Term Care
Bryophyta in general are hearty species, as long as they are kept moist and cool with some provision of sunlight for photosynthesis they are happy campers!
Bryophyta is not toxic to pets or people.
Turn your moss into a terrarium!
Transfer the hydration beads into the bottom of a jar or cloche container, lay the moss on top and spray with water. Close the lid! In the morning there should be little to no sign of condensation on the glass, but by evening time you should see some. This is evidence of the plant respiring (breathing). If you see lots of condensation collecting on the glass in the morning it means there is too much water inside. Open the lid for a few hours, close it again and check again the next day. Repeat until you get the correct amount of moisture (no condensation in the morning and some by afternoon or evening). Once you've done this you should be able to leave your moss terrarium alone for weeks or even months! We recommend checking on it at least once a week to make sure the moisture level is staying conssistant and there is no mold. Repeat this "gassing" process after each watering. | <urn:uuid:53b56d76-102f-4cbc-addd-da76bf7e6274> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://urbansproutsstore.com/blogs/care-archives/april-little-plant-bryophyta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107882103.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201024080855-20201024110855-00601.warc.gz | en | 0.935257 | 542 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The short answer for whether you should keep cat food and water separate is – yes. Cats prefer to eat and drink at different locations.
This preference stems from ancient times when cats weren’t yet domesticated.
Food and water bowl location can affect a cat’s appetite and fluid intake, so you shouldn’t take it lightly. If a cat doesn’t like its bowl location, it can refuse to drink entirely.
Some cats adapt and have no issue with their bowls standing together, but the proximity of food to water still has risks you should be aware of.
However, don’t change the bowl location suddenly. Cats like routine and find changes distressing, so be careful when moving your cat’s water.
Table of Contents [show]
Why Cats Don’t Like Their Water Near Their Food
Cats don’t like water near their food, although some cats will tolerate it. The reason for this phenomenon lies in feline nature. Wild ancestors of domesticated cats were very careful with their water sources.
To avoid poisoning, feral cats only drink from clean water sources, not contaminated by anything. Mixing food and water can lead to bacterial growth and cause medical conditions.
For the same reason, many cats refuse to drink from the bowl and prefer running tap water. In the wild, stagnant water in ponds has a higher risk of being contaminated with bacteria, algae, and parasites than water in rivers.
Plus, cats in the wild strive to switch their feeding, resting, and drinking areas to hide from larger predators. They do it to ensure that predators cannot track them down by scent.
Many domestic cats feel more natural hunting down bowls in different places than having them conveniently standing together.
Another reason cats don’t like their water and food bowl together is that they are sensitive to water taste and smell. When a cat’s food is too close to its water bowl, the flavor transfers.
One may think that a food bowl located close to the water cannot affect its scent drastically, but cats have a significantly stronger sense of smell than humans.
On the other hand, cats don’t like changes and can have strong opinions about their food and water placement. Although drinking where one eats isn’t natural for cats, they can get used to their bowl placement, even if it isn’t perfect.
If you suddenly move your cat’s water or food bowl, it can become anxious and stop drinking entirely.
If your cat doesn’t seem to mind its water bowl placement, leave it as is or move it a few inches at a time to avoid distressing your pet.
Food Makes Water Dirty
Even if your cat tolerates its water and food bowl being close to each other, you might want to separate them because food makes the water dirty faster.
Some cats will drink right after they’ve eaten, particularly if a cat eats kibble that’s too dry. In that case, food chunks left in the cat’s mouth and on its chin will fall in the water bowl.
You should change your cat’s water regularly regardless of the bowl placement because it becomes contaminated with bacteria from your cat’s saliva and air.
However, food chunks speed up the process, creating a perfect environment for bacteria to flourish. You should change your cat’s water every day if it’s located far from the food bowl but several times a day if it’s located close.
Sometimes, you might notice your cat dropping its food into the water bowl on purpose. Your cat isn’t trying to soften the food by making it wet – it’s an instinctive response inherited from its wild ancestors.
Although they do it themselves, most cats will refuse to drink their water after they’ve dropped food in it. So, even if your cat intentionally drops food in the water bowl, don’t keep the bowls close.
What If I Change the Water Frequently?
Alright, cat food makes the water dirty. But what if you change the water more frequently? Can you leave the bowls in their current spot, or should you change the location regardless?
Veterinarians recommend changing cat water once a day if the bowl’s placement is correct.
If the air temperature is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, you should change the water even more frequently because high temperatures speed up bacterial growth.
If the food bowl is located close to your cat’s water bowl, you need to change the water several times a day. In summer, you would have to change it non-stop.
Furthermore, even if you change the water frequently, your cat may be hesitant to drink it because of instincts. In the long term, it can lead to dehydration and have lasting effects on your pet’s health.
Separating the bowls is much easier than dealing with a cat’s dehydration or changing the water every two hours.
Correct Food & Water Bowl Placement
Now that you’re aware of the risks of keeping cat water and food bowl together, you may wonder what the correct cat bowl placement is. How far should a cat’s food and water bowls be from each other depends on what your space allows.
The distance between your pet’s bowls should be at least five inches, but some cats will only drink from a water bowl located in another room from the food bowl.
Furthermore, not all spots in your house are suitable for food and water bowls. The location should be calm and quiet, away from traffic.
Don’t put your cat’s water and food bowls near the kids’ room, in the hallway, or near the entrance door.
A better place is a spare bedroom, the living room, or the dining room. A kitchen is a great place for cat bowls because of its proximity to the sink and trash.
However, don’t put the bowls near the counter where food crumbs can fall into the water or food. The kitchen may not be the best cat water bowl location if your family spends a lot of time there.
Your cat’s bowls should be away from the litterbox because otherwise, litter particles can end up in the water. Furthermore, smells from the litterbox can transfer to the food and water.
Cats don’t like a chilly breeze, so keep your cat’s feeding and drinking area away from windows and doors. Move your cat’s bowls gradually.
Sudden change in routine can be very distressing for felines, so you want to move the bowls a few inches at a time every couple of days.
If you suddenly move your cat’s bowl to another room, it may struggle to find it or refuse to drink or eat from it. The place you pick should be permanent to avoid stress in the future.
Why Is My Cat Putting Food in The Water?
Given that cats are careful with their water quality, a habit of dropping food and toys into their water bowl doesn’t make sense. There are several reasons cats put food in their water bowl.
The most likely reason is the ancient instinct of hiding prey. Cats aren’t apex predators, so they risk becoming a target for other animals. When they catch prey, they strive to hide it in a safe place away from dangers.
Kibble or toy mouse is your cat’s equivalent of prey. And because your cat doesn’t have a traditional nest, it may consider its feeding area a safe enough place to keep its food.
Another theory is that cats try to wash off the scent by putting caught prey in water. However, there is no scientific evidence from feral cat observation to back up this idea.
Some cats are collectors. They have an odd habit of collecting their belongings in a specific location, which could be their bed, your wardrobe, or the water bowl.
Lastly, some cats do it for fun. Many felines, particularly kittens, fancy water games – although they don’t like to swim, they find splashes amusing. For the same reason, cats sometimes flip over their bowls.
How to Understand Your Cat Doesn’t Like the Bowl Placement
If your cat refuses to drink from its water bowl but doesn’t mind drinking from other sources, it either doesn’t like the bowl placement or stagnant water in general.
Some cats only like running water from the tap or water fountain. Try switching the bowl’s location and see whether the issue persists.
Some cats refuse to drink because they think their water isn’t fresh. Move the bowl farther from the litterbox and food bowl to keep the water clean for longer.
Even if your cat drinks from its water bowl, it might not like its placement. Pay attention to your cat’s behavior – if it constantly looks back, your cat might not feel safe when drinking.
If your cat paws at its water, it either finds the bowl shape inconvenient or is concerned about the water freshness. However, your cat could also be playing.
Cats that don’t like their water bowl location, material, or shape sometimes knock the bowl over, spilling the water on the floor. A cat can also scoop out its food if it doesn’t like the food bowl location.
Catoxy’s pick for best kitten food is: Royal Canin Feline Health Nutrition Wet Kitten Food.$94.99CHRISTMASUpdated Dec. 6, 2022 | <urn:uuid:1f37c332-8bb1-40eb-939a-a105f1e7a5d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://catoxy.com/should-you-keep-cat-food-and-water-separate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711121.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206225143-20221207015143-00762.warc.gz | en | 0.950583 | 1,975 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Malala Yousafzai accepted her Nobel Peace Prize and was as inspiring as we dreamed she'd be
Remember Malala Yousafzai, the incredible 17-year-old who became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner ever? Today, in Oslo, Norway, Malala accepted her prize, which she shares with fellow activist Kailash Satyarthi, and gave a moving, wisdom-filled speech about her work as an advocate for children’s education rights.
“I tell my story not because it is unique but because it is not,” she told the audience. “It is the story of many girls. Today, I tell their stories too. I have brought with me some of my sisters from Pakistan, from Nigeria, and from Syria who share this story.”
Malala first received international attention at a very young age. At 11, she began promoting the importance of education for young women, standing up against a Talbian policy preventing young women from going to school. At 14, assassins shot Malala while she was on her way to school. She survived to become an international figure, determined to fight for a young woman’s right to an education.
“I had two options — one was to remain silent and wait to be killed,” Malala said of that moment with the assassins. “And the second was to speak up and then be killed. I chose the second one. I decided to speak up.”
In her speech, she also called upon global leaders to help her in this fight for education, “Leaders must seize the opportunity to guarantee primary and secondary education for every child . . . Though I appear as one girl, one person, who is five foot two inches tall if you include my heels, I am not a lone voice. I am many,” she said. “I am Malala but I am also those 66 million girls who are deprived of education. I’m not raising my voice. It is the voice of those 66 million girls.”
Malala said that she’s giving the Nobel prize money to the Malala Fund, an organization that aims to amplify the voices of girls all over the world, as well as building schools in countries like Pakistan. “This is where I will begin, but this is not where I will stop,” Malala said. “I will continue the fight until I see every child in school.” Aside from being one of the most inspiring 17-year-olds, nay women, we’ve ever heard of, Malala also managed to come across as relatable. “I’m the first Pakistani and the youngest person to receive this award,” she said. Then adding, I am pretty certain that I am also the first recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize who still fights with her younger brothers.” Congratulations to this absolute hero.
Watch the full speech here: | <urn:uuid:1e2b51ee-ace8-4cfd-9ba0-d5adcb7b1986> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://hellogiggles.com/lifestyle/malala-yousafzai-accepted-nobel-peace-prize/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657140746.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713002400-20200713032400-00204.warc.gz | en | 0.982223 | 613 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Postal Service began receiving letters to Santa Claus more than 100 years ago.
In 1912, Postmaster General Frank Hitchcock authorized local postmasters to let employees and citizens respond to these letters. This became known as Operation Santa.
In the 1940s, mail volume for Santa increased so much that the Postal Service invited charitable organizations and corporations to participate by providing written responses and small gifts.
Today, cities around the country have robust Letters to Santa programs with participation by recognized charitable organizations, major corporations, local businesses and postal employees making a big difference in the lives of children during the holiday from coast to coast.
This year we are officially celebrating the 101st anniversary of the Letters to Santa program, an annual tradition embraced by the U.S. Postal Service and public alike.
They were first established in 2006. Unfortunately, we live in an age where we must be careful about freely identifying the full names and addresses of children sending letters to Santa. Our goal is to protect the safety and privacy of children and their families while still allowing people to help them by fulfilling the wishes they express in their letters to Santa.
Individuals and organizations who would like to participate in the Letters to Santa program are now asked to come to their local participating Post Office, present ID and fill out a short informational form before receiving copies of original letters to Santa from children. These copies have last names and addresses blacked out.
We don’t think so. We continue to receive millions of letters to Santa from children nationwide.
No. Participation is voluntary. The decision to participate is made at the local level. If an office does participate, it follows the procedures we’ve established for the program. Most major metropolitan areas have active programs.
We believe the number is easily in the millions. | <urn:uuid:237f975c-b979-42db-8f71-3dcf6050cb71> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://about.usps.com/corporate-social-responsibility/faqs.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997892641.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025812-00054-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951766 | 361 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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Jun 22, · Best Answer: Individual differences are the facts that make people different from each and other. We all know that we are different from each other. in may ways such as: our physical aspects, our likes, dislikes, interests, values, psychological makeup (and the list goes on) in other words the whole "Personality".Status: Resolved.
“The psychology of individual differences is largely the study of group differences. This study classifies individuals by age, traits, sex, race, social class and so on, and observes the differences within and between those groups.
Educational implications of Individual differences are listed below: i. Aims of education, curriculum, method of teaching should be linked with individual differences considering the different abilities and traits individual. Individual Differences These 9 basic dimensions differentiate us from one another.
Posted Jan 12, Personality and Individual Differences is primarily devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, correlational, theoretical. Learn individual differences table with free interactive flashcards. Choose from different sets of individual differences table flashcards on Quizlet.Individual difference | <urn:uuid:4574c8aa-74b2-4766-814e-ae7860c13116> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://bucutesadejatydam.case-vacanze-bologna-centro.com/individual-difference-46727kw.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703549416.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124141945-20210124171945-00344.warc.gz | en | 0.941092 | 904 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Japanese has two words for “to exist”. Unlike English, which uses different words depending on whether the object is singular or plural, Japanese uses different words depending on whether or not the object is alive . います (imasu) is used when discussing plants and animals (including humans) and あります (arimasu) is used for basically every object that isn’t alive. あります(arimasu) can also hold the meaning of “I have”.
Inu ga imasu.
There is a dog
Kuruma ga arimasu.
There is a car.
It can be confusing when you first start using these words, but it gets much easier with practice. If you are having trouble remembering which one is which then I suggest that you come up with some kind of relation in your mind. For instance, “I”masu is used for things that are “I”kiteru (the Japanese word for alive or breathing). This should help you from getting them confused.Read More | <urn:uuid:f1ed18f9-000b-4ee7-8853-26428110ee16> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.japanesewords.net/tag/arimasu-japanese-word-for-is/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267161661.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925143000-20180925163400-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.890968 | 227 | 3.578125 | 4 |
|Seoul University’s Dr Domyung Paek addresses the ANROAV meeting Phnom Penh 2009.|
In parts of Asia, carrying 500 grams of one white powder can draw a death sentence, but importing 1,000 tons of another lethal white dust is both legal and profitable.
Asbestos, a known carcinogen banned in much of the world, is a common and dangerous building block in much of Asia’s development and construction boom. This other white powder causes 100,000 occupational deaths per year, according to Medical News Today.
While images of kids with heroin-loaded needles stuck in their arms spark public outrage, clouds of asbestos fibers in factories and on construction sites often draw official shrugs and denials. Illicit drug use does not rank among the top ten causes of death in young adults, according to a 2009 global study of adolescent health by the Murdoch Children’s Research Center in Melbourne in 2009. But in some Asian nations including China, asbestos is in the top ten causes of occupational disease in laborers, some of whom were exposed as working children. The numbers are generally thought to be higher since much of Asia's data rely on a highly mobile workforce with high a turnover rate.
Like a sleeping grizzly bear, asbestos can be deadly when disturbed, and all along the mining, manufacturing, installation, cutting, and deconstruction processes, the mineral is turned into air-borne fibers that lodge in the lungs and cause fatal respiratory diseases, including mesothelioma.
Across much of Asia, white asbestos, also known as chrysotile, is widely used to make asbestos-cement construction material such as roofing tiles, wall panels, and expansion joints, as a fire proofer, and in brake linings and gaskets in large vehicles. As part of the process of development, people are trading bug-filled, flammable grass roofs for asbestos cement tiles and walls.
A few years ago at a state-owned roof tile factory in Vietnam young male workers clad only in shorts carried bags labeled “Asbestos-Kazakhstan.” The air was thick with white dust huffing up like steam from lava. Visiting occupational health and safety experts held their breath as long as they could; some smothered their faces in dust masks. The workers did not have that luxury. Their only protection was handkerchiefs tied bandit-style over their mouths and noses as they climbed the sides of the hoppers.
“I know it’s dangerous,” said the manager spreading his hands and shrugging, “but it’s also cheap, and people only want to buy cheap tiles.”
Drugs or Dust
“It's just a PR campaign when they say that asbestos can kill,” Uralasbest's Viktor Ivanov told AFP in 2007, when he headed the Chrysotile Association, an industry group based in the Russian town of Asbest. The website for Uralasbest, the Ural Asbestos Mining & Ore Dressing Company, calls the company the world's “oldest and largest manufacturer and supplier of chrysotile.” In 2005 the Russian firm produced about a quarter of the world's chrysotile asbestos and exported it to 35 countries (pdf): 53 percent outside the Commonwealth of Independent States (to China, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, etc.), and 13 percent within the CIS nations that had been part of the former Soviet Union (Armenia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, etc.).
Very little of the product ends up in the West. More than 60 countries have partially or completely banned asbestos, including the United States, Australia, Japan and South Korea. The EU nations and others have completely banned both brown amphibole and white chrysotile asbestos, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified all types as a human carcinogen. Although some studies have found that chrysotile's small fiber size makes it less virulent than brown amphibole, the WHO is unequivocal: “no threshold has been established for the carcinogenic risk of chrysotile.”(pdf)
But asbestos merchants, disputing World Health Organization (WHO) data and overwhelming scientific evidence, claim that chrysotile is safe. Uralabest's website decries “the wave of anti-asbestos psychose [sic] [that] was spread over Western Europe.” “Today’s asbestos industry is totally harmless,” Tatiana Kochetova of the Asbest-based Institute for Asbestos Projects told the Russian Journal. “There hasn’t been one case of asbestos caused disease here for many years. Locally produced asbestos does not cause any harm.”
Researchers Jock McCulloch and Geoffrey Tweedale document that the rates of malignancies dropped in Asbest only after the introduction of dust control technologies (and the dispersal of ill workers). Those same safety measures that, in any case, mitigate rather than eliminate risk are largely lacking in the countries to which Russian asbestos is exported. (McCulloch J and Tweedale G 2008 Defending the Indefensible: The Global asbestos Industry and its Fight for Survival. OUP.)
Uralabest's product comes from Asbest, a classic monogorod, or single-industry town in Bazhenouskoye in north of Kazakhstan, along the eastern slope of the Ural ridge. The open-pit mine covers 90 sq. km. and stretches 11.5 km long, 1.8 km wide and almost 300 meters deep. There, some 10,000 workers turn out more than 500,000 tons of chrysotile asbestos annually.
In 2009, Uralasbest was forecasting production of 450,000 tons, “a significant portion of the world market,” and its FY 2006 revenues were $192 million, according to Rye, Man & Gor Securities (pdf). Russia produced 925,000 tons of asbestos in 2008, according to the US Geological Survey, almost half the estimated world production of about 2 million tons a year, and worth $900 million.
Once a state-owned corporation, Uralasbest is now privatized. More than half of Uralasbest share capital is owned through a Russian regional bank (Urals Bank for Reconstruction and Development). Stroyexport, another Russian company, owns 14 percent, and two South Africa-registered companies -- Petrov & Co and Mavrol Management -- own 21percent. The top managers control about 30 percent of the company (pdf). In 2007 Uralasbest entered into a joint venture with Swiss Minmet Financing Company to recover magnesium from its asbestos mine tailings. This move was meant as a hedge against the global decline in construction.
Perhaps more threatening to Uralabest's economic future than recession is the growing awareness that asbestos is toxic, and alternatives are available. In 2000, citing Canada's high level support for its industry as a model, Russian asbestos industry officials sought Vladimir Putin’s assistance in countering "asbestphobia."
Russian corporations also looked to Canada's -- and Kazakh's -- marketing efforts in newly rich Asian nations. That strategy has produced rich results according to the World Asbestos Reports, and the WHO confirms that some countries have reduced restrictions and increased production and use of chrysotile.
In 2008 India – along with Pakistan, Canada, Russia – rejected the banning of chrysotile asbestos mandated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC). PIC lists chemicals that require exchange of information on health hazards prior to trade.
India, which imported 360,000 tons of asbestos in 2006, claimed that evidence of chrysotile's lethality was not conclusive, and that it was awaiting the results of a major health study before joining the convention, according to Madhumitta Dutta of the Ban Asbestos Network of India (BANI).
However, “India failed to inform the international community ... that the [health] study was funded in part by the asbestos industry,” charged Dutta. “Still worse, the study was kept under wraps, and is not accessible to public health specialists or labor groups.”
Gopal Krishna, a consultant on clean industry and also of BANI, condemned his country's rejection of PIC. “There is a political consensus in India to promote asbestos at any human cost,” he wrote in India Together in 2006.
Underlying that consensus are the close links between the asbestos industry and some prominent Indian politicians. “With asbestos firms being owned by politicians or the state itself, the government seems to be following a classic ostrich policy,” Krishna wrote. “The reality is that the country's most powerful parliamentarians bless the asbestos industry.”
They include Buddhadev Bhattacharya, the chief minister of Bengal’s Communist government, who gave Utkal Asbestos Ltd. an Environment Excellence Award which it used in its advertising. Rebranding itself in 2006, the company dropped the word asbestos from its name. Now called UAL Industries Ltd., it is a major producer of fiber cement corrugated sheets and accessories under the brand Konark, and its website boasts that it “has left no stone unturned to achieve its motive of becoming the leading player in Eastern India.”
Visaka Industries’ chairman, G. Vivekanand, is the son of G. Venkataswamy, a member of Parliament, deputy leader of the Indian Congress Parliamentary Party, and a former Union Textile Minister. Vivekanand put out a fact sheet claiming that chrysotile is safe, and blamed Western media coverage of past events for generating unfounded fear.
Indian media reported that Congress Party chief Sonia Gandhi encouraged Visaka industries to set up in her constituency Rae Bareli, and saw the plants as a way to boost employment and electability. The plans were fast tracked, breaking records for passage through the Departments of Environment and Forests. Visaka annually produces 600,000 tons of asbestos sheets, mostly used in roofing. One of its main marketing targets is India's rural population, 80 to 85 percent of which now live under thatched roofs, the company website notes.
In October 2009 Visaka Industries announced it is setting up a 100,000-ton capacity asbestos cement sheet plant at Sambalpur in Orissa at an estimated cost of $8.6 million “to meet the rural demand.” It is also ramping up the capacity of its Pune plant from 65,000 to 100,000 tons per annum, according Vivekanand.
In 2007 an Indian news channel showed workers hand-mixing asbestos into rice, while a voice-over intoned that chrysotile is safe enough to use as a husking agent. The rice was later sold as premium basmati.
Dying to Work
“I have seen young men suffering from the cancers caused by this material [asbestos],” says a guard at an asbestos cement sheet factory in Guangdong, China. “The bosses don’t care, and the government intimidates us [who are] working for safety. They say we are sabotaging China’s development. Sometimes I get very frightened and cannot sleep thinking I will be arrested. I may get the disease, as the air is full of dust. I hope that someone would help me if that happened. I can’t quit. Where would I go? I have no skills and jobs are hard to find.”
This worker's story is echoed throughout the Asia. In China alone, the official incidence of industrial lung diseases is around 100,000 per year. Experts familiar with Beijing's official statistics would multiply that figure by three or four to get close to the real toll.
Harvard University and the World Health Organization report that occupational injuries and disease already surpass infectious disease as the major causes of death in the developing world and threaten to undermine any economic or moral imperatives gained by trade. More people die per day of workplace illness throughout the world than are killed by global terrorist attacks, wars, drugs, or by the various pandemics (such as avian and swine flu) that attract huge institutional funding, according to Sanjiv Pandita, director of the Hong Kong based Asia Monitor Resource Center.
If you consider that 100,000 per year die of asbestos alone, it is not hard to extrapolate that figure to match Pandita’s assertion. Meanwhile, the systematic erosion of trade union power and labor standards by globalization has exacerbated the problem and undermined opposition/occupational justice.
Working for Safety
Workers and activists around Asia are not convinced by industry reassurances and are getting organized. At a September 2009 meeting in Phnom Penh of the Asian Network for the Rights of Accident Victims (ANROAV),120 activists and Asian-based academics from 16 countries heard stories of frustration and harassment. Delegates charged that globalization has led to "state sponsored pimping"-- governments selling workers’ bodies and lives in return for investment.
The importance of the issue, and frustration from waiting for governments and employers to act are evidenced by steadily increasing attendance at ANROAV's annual meetings over its ten years' existence. “While lots of money is made by CSR [corporate social responsibility] consultants, we see little change in the death rates” said Hong Chee, a Hong Kong delegate.
Mandy Hawes, an American occupational health and safety advocate, reminded delegates that occupational standards may be legal but not safe. “We should bring environmental and occupational standards into line,” she said.
Opposition to asbestos is growing and is fueled around the world by a flood of compensation demands. Claimants, dragging desperately on oxygen, have pleaded before TV cameras for compensation and an end to asbestos use.
A regional coordinating group was set up earlier in 2009 at a meeting in Bangkok. A-Ban is seeking an Asia-wide asbestos ban. It has its work cut out. As the anti-asbestos activists know all too well, bans on international trade in asbestos have been barely disturbed the industry. Like Uralasbest, companies have merely shifted their marketing focus to developing countries where environmental and workplace standards are more lax. China now absorbs 54 percent of global production, says Ye-Yong Choi of BANKO, the Korean movement that recently achieved a ban on asbestos.
He recommends a global campaign in which activists “move much more strategically and collectively. …I have felt we are too gentle in some way whilst our enemy, the asbestos industry, moves very collectively and aggressively.”
Anatomy of Asbestos
Despite industry and government denials, evidence of chrysotile's harm was clear in lung X-rays showing unmistakable white patches indicating the inevitably deadly progression of mesothelioma--a cancer directly linked to asbestos exposure. Etched into the medical data on the corner of each film was the word “chrysotile,” the supposedly safe form of the mineral.
The X-rays belonged to Dr. Domyung Paek, chest disease specialist and epidemiologist from the University of Seoul, Korea. His collection of medical transparencies showed that work-and environment-related chest disease leaves a distinctive radiological calling card that is easy to differentiate from tuberculosis and other lung diseases.
All the victims in Paek's X-rays were Asian workers, belying the myth propagated by some Asian labor officials that asbestosis and mesothelioma are "Western" diseases. Paek predicted that Asian nations would see tsunamis of asbestos-related diseases, marked by the gasping deaths of the pale, drawn - and often young - victims. His view is supported by Japanese researcher Ken Takahashi, who on reviewing historical and global trends, found that marked rises in incidence and prevalence inevitably preceded national bans.
Studies cited by McCulloch and Tweedale have found asbestos disease in young Russian and Kazakh workers with less than three years exposure. Victims usually die a year after diagnosis. Expensive drugs such as Alimpta and Platinol can lengthen a patient’s life by up to six months, but are well beyond the capacity of Asian workers. Palliative care, a tall order in most poor countries, is the best they can hope for.
The pain of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases can be agonizing and requires the other white powder -- morphine -- to provide relief. Ironically many of the countries where asbestos disease is rife, such as India, have a shortfall in the supply of legal scheduled opiates.
But there is no shortfall in asbestos. In addition to the raw mineral imported from Russia and other countries, Europeans keep sending old ships to India and Bangladesh to be broken up. Bangladesh needs the steel, but along with it comes tons of old friable asbestos including the more dangerous brown variety.
China, in addition to its role as major importer, also exports asbestos. The sourcing website Alibaba.com lists at least ten Chinese companies, some with ISO 9001 certification, that sell asbestos products. Tsyuyoshi Kawakami of the U.N.'s International Labor Organization’s Bangkok office found Chinese asbestos in Lao cement factories on the outskirts of Vientiane. The Lao government, currently enjoying a resources boom, is thinking of exploiting its lodes of asbestos, according to a Lao NGO worker.
There are some bright spots. Thailand, until recently one of the region's major users (brake linings, gaskets, and roofing tiles), has reduced both importation and production of asbestos-containing goods.
Other Asian countries are beginning to rethink asbestos use. Joint research done by BANKO and Indonesian’s own fledgling anti-asbestos organization IBAN in 2009, documented asbestos on the windowsills of schools and homes surrounding two asbestos cement works in Cibinong (West Java).
Cambodia, too, is starting to recognize that its burgeoning construction industry may bring the hazardous materials along for the ride. Dr. Leng Tong, director of Occupational Health and Safety in Cambodia’s Ministry for Labor and Vocational Training told the ANROAV delegates that “Cambodia strongly commits … to eliminate asbestos from the workplaces in the region.”
“If he is serious,” Choi of BANKO commented, “it would not only gain Cambodia a huge amount of prestige in the world, but also provide a wonderful example to neighboring countries.” | <urn:uuid:a597cc4e-ee19-40e3-b809-6c04fadf5d80> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php/%20http:/article.php?id=15529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042982013.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002302-00144-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946723 | 3,854 | 2.765625 | 3 |
|Dragonfly - possibly Sympetrum striolatum|
Insect life we found in Corsica after the hot dry summer was at a lower ebb than I might have expected, but there was still much to be found when we went looking. I will do a separate post on the various butterflies, but in this post I will cover some of the more interesting insects we found.
|Oedipoda caerulescens - yes there is one in this picture!|
Grasshoppers were singing everywhere of course – this one was found perfectly camouflaged against the gravel it was sitting on. We identified it as Oedipoda caerulescens, the specific name refers to the bright blue hind wings which are very obvious when it flies. During the trip we also found O.germanica, a very similar species with red hind wings.
|Ant lion trap|
In loose soil at one site we found the typical conical traps of ant lions. These are the predatory larvae of various species of lacewings. In the photo you can just see the head of the larva sticking out of the substrate, waiting for a wandering ant to fall over the edge. When the first grains of dust fall down to the centre of the pit trap the larvae flicks more sand to knock the insect down in reach of its large jaws. Various ant lions occur in the UK as well, but they are commoner in the south and east of the country where dry soil suitable for their traps is easier to come by.
The most iconic of Mediterranean insects is probably the praying mantis. The ones we saw were Mantis religiosa, one of the larger mantid species. It has a vast range, from much of Africa across to central Asia and India, as well as being introduced to much of the US, and has been divided into various subspecies (the ones we found were the nominate form).
The most interesting insect I found was a female European Velvet Ant, Mutilla europaea. This species is also found in the UK, and despite its name is not actually and ant, but rather a kind of wasp. Only the females are flightless, with the males having proper wings and flying well. Like the vast majority of the world’s Hymenoptera, they are parisitoids of other insects, in this case of Bumble bees Bombus spp. The female enters the bees nest and lays an egg in a cell containing a developing larva or pupa. The wasp larva feeds on this, and probably the pollen and honey the cell is provisioned with, before spinning its own cocoon in the cell. How big a wasp eventually emerges depends on how big a food supply it has – they sometimes enter honey bee hives and these result in smaller wasps eventually appearing. The female overwinters as an adult, often inside the old bee nest.
(Pictures are all mine) | <urn:uuid:d5c91cc5-9b13-4bb0-beed-b2c601dc4501> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://zoovolunteering.blogspot.com/2014/11/nature-of-corsica-5-assorted-insects.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118552.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00586-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968084 | 607 | 2.765625 | 3 |
We saw in an earlier posting that a key idea of the creationists is that it was the arrival of Darwin, Marx, and Freud that led to the undermining of Western civilization.
The basis for this extraordinary charge is the claim that it was these three that ushered in the age of materialism. These three people make convenient targets because, although they were all serious scientific and social scholars, they have all been successfully tarred as purveyors of ideas that have been portrayed as unpleasant or even evil (Darwin for saying that we share a common ancestor with apes, Marx with communism, Freud with sexuality).
But if you want to blame materialism for society’s ills, you have to go farther back than that, at least as far as Copernicus, and possibly earlier. For example, as stated by Thomas S. Kuhn in his book The Copernican Revolution (p.2)
[Copernicus’] planetary theory and his associated conception of a sun-centered universe were instrumental in the transition from medieval to modern Western society, because they seemed to affect man’s relation to the universe and God. Men who believed that their terrestrial home was only a planet circulating blindly about one of an infinity of stars evaluated their place in the cosmic scheme quite differently than had their predecessors who saw the earth as the unique and focal center of God’s creation. The Copernican Revolution was therefore also part of the transition in Western man’s sense of values.
Copernicus was central to the development of Western civilization, as were Galileo, Kepler, and Newton after him. All of them sought to explain how the world works in materialistic ways. So if you want to pin the blame for society’s ills on those who were influential in promoting materialistic ways of understanding the world, then you cannot pin the blame on Johnny-come-latelies like Darwin, Marx, and Freud.
But creationist/ID advocates do not go after these earlier giants of scientific materialism who justifiably occupy honored places in our history. To do so would be to be immediately labeled as crack-pots, on a par with flat-Earthers, UFO believers, and spoon benders. So they try to peel Darwin, Marx and Freud away from this distinguished line of scientists and treat them as if they started a parallel line of dubious thought, distinct from that of mainstream science.
But that argument just does not make sense. One may argue whether Marxism or Freudian psychoanalysis is scientific, but there is no controversy at all within the scientific community as to whether Darwin’s ideas belong firmly in the scientific tradition. Darwin rightly takes his place among the giants of science and drew his materialist inspiration from the scientists who came before him.
The fact that all these scientists sought to explain the world in materialistic ways does not mean that they did not believe in God. For example, it is well known that Newton did believe in a God. He believed that the working of the solar system had a beauty that indicated the existence of God. But that did not stop him from pursuing the laws of motion and gravity that provided a completely material explanation for planetary motions. The residual features that his theories did not explain (such as the stability of the system) and which he ascribed to God were explained later by materialistic means using his own laws, after his death.
The same is true now. What creationist/ID advocates don’t seem to grasp is that pursuing materialistic explanations for phenomena does not pose a problem for scientists who are also religious. Surveys conducted in 1996 and 1998 found that about 40% of scientists believe in a personal God as defined by the statement “a God in intellectual and affirmative communication with man – to whom one may pray in expectation of receiving an answer.” Despite the explosive growth in science this century, this figure of 40% has remained stable since previous surveys done in 1914 and 1933. (Source: Edward J.Larson and Larry Witham, Scientists are still keeping the faith, Nature, vol. 386, April 1997, page 435.) The figure would undoubtedly be much higher if belief in a non-personal God (some sort of prime mover who acted only through natural laws) were included as well.
So why is it that scientists who are also religious have no trouble with materialism? Stay tuned! | <urn:uuid:0329ba44-954e-48d5-8fed-1ca39d69b0b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://freethoughtblogs.com/singham/2005/03/16/what-do-creationistid-advocates-want-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806615.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122160645-20171122180645-00463.warc.gz | en | 0.977671 | 896 | 2.671875 | 3 |
AstraZeneca is patenting (WO9932082) a way to help children and the elderly take bulky tablets such as the asthma drug Zafirlukast, which is difficult to swallow. Zeneca's answer is to coat minuscule sugar or starch spheres less than a millimetre wide with Zafirlukast and a polyvinylpyrrolidone binder. The pellets are baked and sealed with another coating of a similar binder to conceal the drug's taste. The tiny pellets can then be sprinkled on food or in a drink like sugar.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content. | <urn:uuid:e6218ad9-d1b5-441b-8b20-5aceb242c6b9> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16422171.200-get-it-down.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802770415.113/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075250-00154-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918697 | 146 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Born: 13 February, 1879
Passed Away: 2 March, 1949
Naidu was truly one of the gems of the 20th century India. She was known
by the sobriquet "The Nightingale of India". Her contribution
was not confined to the fields of politics only but she was also a
renowned poet. The play "Maher Muneer", written by Naidu at an
early age, fetched a scholarship to study abroad. She briefed the
struggles of freedom for independence to the political stalwarts of
European nations, she had visited. She married Dr. Muthyala
Govindarajulu Naidu, a South India. The marriage took place at a time
when inter-caste marriage was not acceptable in the society. Her acts
helped in raising many eyebrows. In 1905, a collection of poems, she had
composed, was published under the title of "Golden Threshold".
Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879 in Hyderabad. Her father,
Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya was a scientist, philosopher, and educator.
He founded the Nizam College of Hyderabad. Her mother, Varada Sundari
Devi was a Bengali poetess. Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya was the first
member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad. For his
socio-political activities, Aghornath was dismissed from his position as
Since childhood, Sarojini was a very bright and intelligent child.
Though Aghornath wanted his daughter to become a mathematician or
scientist, young Sarojini was fond of poetry. At an early age, she wrote
a "thirteen-hundred-lines" long poem "The Lady of the
Lake". Impressed with her skills of expressing things with
appropriate words, Aghornath Chattopadhyaya encouraged her works. Few
months later, Sarojini, with assistance from her father, wrote the play
"Maher Muneer" in the Persian language.
Sarojini's father Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya distributed some copies
of the play among his friends and relatives. He also sent a copy to the
Nizam of Hyderabad. Impressed with the works of the little child, the
Nizam granted her a scholarship to study overseas. At the age of 16, she
got admission in the King's College of England. There, she had the
opportunity to meet prominent English authors like Arthur Simon and
Edmond Gausse. It was Gausse who asked Sarojini Naidu to write on the
Indian themes like great mountains, rivers, temples, social milieu etc.
After returning to India, at the age of 19, Sarojini Naidu married
Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu. He was a noted doctor from South India.
They were married by the Brahmo Marriage Act (1872), in Madras in 1898.
The marriage took place at a time when inter-caste marriages were not
allowed and tolerated in the Indian society. Her marriage was a very
happy one. They had four children.
Sarojini Naidu was moved by the partition of Bengal in 1905 and decided
to join the Indian freedom struggle. She met regularly with Gopal
Krishna Gokhale, who later introduced her to the stalwarts of the Indian
freedom movement. She met Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, C. P.
Ramaswami Iyer and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. With such an encouraging
environment, Sarojini later moved on to become leader of the Indian
National Congress Party. She traveled extensively to the United States
of America and many European countries as the flag-bearer of the Indian
1915, Sarojini Naidu traveled all over India and delivered speeches on
welfare of youth, dignity of labor, women's emancipation and
nationalism. In 1916, she took up the cause of the indigo workers of
Champaran in the western district of Bihar.
In March 1919, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act by which
the possession of seditious documents was deemed illegal. Mahatma Gandhi
organized the Non-Cooperation Movement to protest and Naidu was the
first to join the movement. Besides, Sarojini Naidu also actively
campaigned for the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, the Khilafat issue, the
Sabarmati Pact, the Satyagraha Pledge and the Civil Disobedience
In 1919, she went to England as a member of the all-India Home Rule
Deputation. In January 1924, she was one of the two delegates of the
Indian National Congress Party to attend the East African Indian
Congress. In 1925, she was elected as the President of the Indian
National Congress Party.
Besides her role and sacrifices in the Indian Nationalist Movement,
Sarojini Naidu is also commended for her contribution in the field of
poetry. Her works were so beautiful that many were transformed into
songs. In 1905, her collection of poems was published under the title "Golden
Threshold". Later, she also published two other collections called "The
Bird of Time", and "The Broken Wings".
Sarojini Naidu was the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Her
chairmanship of the Asian Relations Conference in 1947 was
highly-appraised. Two years later, on 02 March 1949, Sarojini Naidu died
at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
Sarojini Naidu was a noted activist of the Indian Nationalist Movement. She was equally praised for her work in the field of Poetry. To know more about Sarojini Naidu, read the brief biography and profile of Sarojini Naidu | <urn:uuid:a95ccdae-84de-4888-8525-1a2753d875f8> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.culturalindia.net/leaders/sarojini-naidu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783395166.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154955-00188-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972012 | 1,265 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Roger Tattersall: Climate realism: Tallbloke style
R. Neukom et al.: The Southern Hemisphere medieval warm period
... mean summer temperatures between 900 and 1350 are mostly above the 1901–1995 climatology. After 1350, we reconstruct a sharp transition to colder conditions, which last until approximately 1700. The summers in the eighteenth century are relatively warm with a subsequent cold relapse peaking around 1850. In the twentieth century, summer temperatures reach conditions similar to earlier warm periods. The winter temperatures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were mostly below the twentieth century average.Tony Brown: The long, slow thaw?
A warming trend can be observed from 1659, the start date of Central England Temperature (CET)- the oldest instrumental record in the world- to today. It would be a notable coincidence if the warming started at the exact point that this record began. The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct CET from its current start point, through the use of diverse historical records, to 1538, in order to see if the commencement of this centuries long warming trend can be identified from within this time frame.
Figure 1 CET from 1659-in the style of Hadley 1772 | <urn:uuid:2490bf66-3970-4775-b184-a848d1161c20> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://canspeccy.blogspot.com/2011/12/cool-climate-links.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867046.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525063346-20180525083346-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.881706 | 245 | 3.28125 | 3 |
And, behold, thou (Mary) shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. He shall be great and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: And he shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. (Luke 1:31-33)
DID MARY WRITE IT ALL DOWN so she wouldn’t forget it? Probably not. Mary was already Bible-informed from her Jewish home background, her few trips to the Temple, and her many meetings at the local synagogue.
MARY WAS YOUNG, perhaps not over 15. But at that age, she knew some of the writings of Moses and other prophets. What the angel told her was a reminder of the Old Testament scriptures she already knew. The message was probably not new to her. It was new to her that…SHE… was to be the earthly mother of this King of Israel.
WE TEND TO FORGET that when Jesus was born, the total Bible consisted of what we call “The Old Testament.” But they didn’t call it the “Old Testament.” They just called it “the Scriptures.” There were no Christians. There was no New Testament. After Jesus was crucified and raised from the dead, it would be another 30 years before the New Testament would begin to be written; perhaps the book of James. If we want to know how Mary thought and how the early Christians thought, we’ll have to become familiar with the Old Testament.
WHEN JESUS SOUGHT TO TEACH HIS DISCIPLES about Himself, He said: And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself. Luke 24:27 The Old Testament speaks of the coming Christ through plain statements by Isaiah and other prophets. It also speaks of the coming Christ through “types and shadows” and figures of speech?
HE WAS ALSO PORTRAYED BY THE LIVES of certain people, such as Joseph, who was sold for pieces of silver and no evil was ever charged against him. Mary may not have known of all those things. But she surely knew about the Jewish scriptures pertaining to Christ and “the son of David.” We would do well to study Mary’s Bible if we would know the whole counsel of God.
READING THE BIBLE REGULARLY provides a helpful background in memorizing. We have more Bible than Mary had. From our Bible reading, words and phrases “stick” to our memory and we don’t even know it at the time. Some phrases recur repeatedly, and we memorize some of them without trying. Reading the Bible regularly is more important than memorizing. We don’t have to choose between reading and memorizing because hearing, reading, studying, memorizing, and meditating are all Bible-related methods of taking in the Word of God.
HIDING THE WORD OF GOD IN OUR HEARTS is the same thing as memorizing except it goes further than the brain. Hiding the word of God in our hearts includes embracing the truth as a part of our being. Merely memorizing words does not go that far and is inferior to hiding the Word in our hearts. It is evident that Mary knew exactly what the angel was talking about except she didn’t know how it was going to be done.
Read Through the Bible in a Year
DECEMBER 16, 2019 - MONDAY
A.M. Amos 7-9 P.M. Revelation 7
(Bible Gateway will read this to you if you like. Look for the speaker icon.)
Good Verses to Memorize:
And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. (Luke 2:13-14)
Song for Today:
Beautiful Star of Bethlehem (3:41) (Ben Speers/Gaither) | <urn:uuid:4cdbcb90-afed-4249-9d67-b0edb78688c3> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.biblewalking.com/blog-morning-minute/category/christmas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347389355.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200525192537-20200525222537-00559.warc.gz | en | 0.968638 | 866 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Lessons from Geese principle is a great illustration of the importance of team work and empowering force or collaboration. During this teambuilding session, we discuss five key lessons/principles and application of them in personal and business life. Lessons from Geese is a fantastic tool to grow passion and energy in participants, their friends, associates or colleagues.
This session is perfect as a keynote activity prior to Good to Great teambuilding exercise. It also works wonders when it goes to better understanding of group’s dynamics and difference between good and great team. We focus on the following Lessons from Geese principles during this activity:
- Lesson 1 – The Importance of Achieving Goals.
- Lesson 2 – The Importance of Team Work.
- Lesson 3 – The Importance of Sharing.
- Lesson 4 – The Importance of Empathy and Understanding.
- Lesson 5 – The Importance of Encouragement.
Teambuilding New Zealand uses both an indoor presentation and a series of experiential exercises to anchor the key learnings. | <urn:uuid:c9216322-3457-4d8d-ba24-cfc6cc584cd6> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://teambuildingnewzealand.co.nz/lessons-from-geese/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474795.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229071243-20240229101243-00602.warc.gz | en | 0.918696 | 221 | 2.71875 | 3 |
FUNdamentals (ages 7-12)
FUNdamentals is one of three youth programs offered by Special Olympics Prince Edward for youth with an intellectual disability, along with Active Start (for children ages 2-6) and our new Youth Multi Sport (for youth ages 8-21). FUNdamentals is a skills specific training program for children with an intellectual disability. Children are taught basic sport motor skills in a fun atmosphere. These skills provide support for everyday activities as well as a base for Special Olympics sports training and competition as athletes grow older. Athletes learn basic rules of sport like softball, basketball, and soccer. FUNdamentals also teaches children cooperation and social skills, along with nutritional information. The many benefits of this program include building trust, feelings of accomplishment and making new friends. FUNdamentals programs are run by a head coach and program volunteers. Programs run once a week for one hour.
FUNdamentals focuses on developing basic sport skills while creating a level of enjoyment for physical activity in young athletes. Through these ideals we hope that this will encourage athletes to live a healthy active life through sport. FUNdamentals uses activity sessions that look at specific sport skills such as transportation skills, kicking, throwing and catching that can be transferred into a number of various sports and can be used in everyday tasks.
If you or someone you know is interested in our youth programs please contact Sarah Profitt-Wagner, Membership Services Coordinator, by calling 902-368-8919 or emailing email@example.com.
To register your child with Special Olympics please fill out our Athlete Registration Form. More information for potential new athletes can also be found on our Athletes page. If you don't see a program that works for you, please contact us directly to discuss starting up a new program. | <urn:uuid:ac639aa5-ebe9-42df-8d85-94b3ecc54fd2> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.specialolympics.ca/pei/learn/special-olympics-programs/fundamentals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247479967.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216065107-20190216091107-00036.warc.gz | en | 0.94185 | 377 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In 1682, the seat of the Delaware government was at Shackamaxon, now Germantown, Pennsylvania. There Penn found them and made his famous treaty with them. Although extremely warlike, they had surrendered their sovereignty to the Iroquois about 1720. They were pledged to make no war, and they were forbidden to sell land. All the causes of this step were not known. Because of it the Iroquois claimed to have made women of the Delaware. They freed themselves of this opprobrium in the French and Indian War.
The steady increase of the whites drove the Delaware from their ancient seat. They were crowded off the waters of the Delaware, and settled on the Susquehanna. As early as 1742 they were to be found about Wyoming. It was soon impossible for them to remain there, and they went back of the mountains to the head waters of the Allegheny. They slowly spread down this stream, living for some time on the Beaver. At that time the Wyandot were holding the western country for their kindred, the Iroquois. Seeing the Delaware hard pressed, the Wyandot tendered them a home, and suggested that they seat themselves on the Tuscarawas River, an upper branch of the Muskingum. They were later visited by the Moravians, who established missions among them, chiefly those living on the Tuscarawas. These missions were in a flourishing condition when the Revolutionary War came on. That struggle put these Christian Indians in a false position. They wished to remain on their farms and by their churches. The heathen Indians about Upper Sandusky accused them of being in the confidence of the whites of Western Pennsylvania. At the same time the whites accused them of being in league with the heathen Indians. They became an offense to both parties. Divisions in the tribe had already appeared. White Eyes, the great chief, the friend of the Americans, was gradually superseded by Hopocan, or Captain Pipe, as head chief. Pipe was the head of the war faction, in the interest of the British at Detroit. Through his influence the Christian Indians and their teachers were forcibly removed to Upper Sandusky. Returning in the winter to gather their corn, they were set upon by a force from Western Pennsylvania under Captain Williamson. Nearly a hundred were murdered in cold blood after capture and confinement in a cabin. This only provoked more frequent and deadly Indian forays, to stop which, another force was raised in Pennsylvania to invade the Indian country about Upper Sandusky. Colonel William Crawford commanded this expedition, which met with disaster. Crawford was captured, and Captain Pipe burned him at the stake.
The first treaty ever made with an Indian tribe by the United States was concluded with the Delaware at Fort Pitt, September 17, 1778. It was signed by Andrew Lewis, Thomas Lewis, White Eyes, The Pipe, and John Kill Buck. It provided for the formation of an Indian State with a representative in Congress.
The Delaware had part in all the wars against the Western settlers. These wars were terminated by Wayne’s victory. Prior to this the Delaware had commenced to settle on the White River, in Indiana, by permission of the Miami and Piankashaw. They continued their westward migration, crossing the Mississippi on the invitation of the Spanish Government of Louisiana. One Lorimer, who was afterwards commandant of the post at St. Genevieve, induced the Delaware and Shawnees to accept the offer of the Spaniards. There were Delaware about St. Louis before this, however. In 1788 a band of them attacked residences on the outskirts of that town. A Frenchman named Duchouquet was slain at Chouteau’s Pond by a band of Delaware in that year. Here is an incident in the life of the Delaware band at Cape Girardeau:
The Delawares and Shawnees built several villages in the neighborhood of Cape Girardeau; and, after the establishment of the United States government, so sensible were they of the good results of its working, that they determined to fashion a government as near like it as their knowledge and circumstances admitted, and resolved to adopt the habits of civilization. They gave up the chase, buried the tomahawk, and devoted themselves for a little season to the pursuits of agriculture. In their first criminal court, three men were convicted of murder, and without any time for repentance they were taken back of one of the villages, there tomahawked, their bodies burnt upon a pile, and the ashes scattered to the winds.
It is stated in the treaty of November 7, 1825, with the Shawnees, that the Delaware abandoned the Cape Girardeau reservation in 1815. Most of these found their way to Texas by the year 1820. Some of them wandered westward, and settled in Southwest Missouri. On the 3d of October, 1818, those members of the tribe still residing on the White River, in Indiana, made a treaty at St. Mary’s, Ohio, ceding their lands and agreeing to remove west of the Mississippi to a home to be provided for them, but which was not described. Under the terms of this treaty, the remnant of the Delawares settled on a reservation on the James Fork of the White River. This tract embraced parts of the following Missouri counties: Greene, Taney, Christian, Barry, McDonald, Newton, Jasper, and Lawrence. They were followed there by the Peorias and Piankashaw, or portions of these tribes, for in 1828, they had towns on the White River. That of the Piankashaw was just above the present Forsythe, and a village some six miles below contained both Piankashaw and Peorias. The Delaware were not well pleased with the Ozark country, but the old members of the tribe with whom this author has discussed the matter could never give any satisfactory reason as to why they were displeased. Most of them said there was plenty of game, but the country was too hilly. It was perhaps because the Indian loves to roam and move from place to place.
September 24, 1829, there was concluded at Council Camp on the James Fork of White River, between the present towns of Springfield and Ozark, a supplementary article to the St. Mary’s treaty. By the terms of this supplementary article the Delaware gave up their reservation in Missouri. In consideration of this cession they were given a reservation in the fork of the Missouri and Kansas rivers described as follows: The country in the fork of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers, extending up the Kansas River, to the Kansas Line, and up the Missouri River to Camp Leavenworth, and thence by a line drawn Westwardly, leaving a space ten miles wide, north of the Kansas boundary line, for an outlet.
The tribe moved to this reservation immediately, the representatives sent out to make an examination of it endorsing their approval on the treaty on the 19th of October at Council Camp, at the fork of the Kansas and Missouri rivers. In 1830 many of the scattered Delaware arrived, and by 1832, the tribe were almost all on this Kansas River reservation. It was a magnificent tract of land, and many times larger than the tribe required. Their settlements were made in what is now Leavenworth County, and in the western part of Wyandotte County.
In their new home the Delaware came to rely to some extent on the buffalo, to secure which they had been given the outlet north of the Kansa lands. On their excursions into the buffalo country they met the wild tribes of the Plains. These natives resented the appearance in their ancient domain of the newcomers. They made war on the Delaware hunters. In the fall of 1831, two Delaware and their wives were encamped on the buffalo-plains and engaged in hunting. The camp was attacked by the Pawnees, who killed the two men and one of the women. The woman having the child was a little distance from the camp at the time, and she escaped, with her child. There was a straggling camp of Delaware at that time on the Arkansas, in the Creek country. On the 22d of October Rev. Isaac McCoy saw the Delaware woman, who had escaped the Pawnee massacre, at that village. She had carried her child from the upper waters of the Republican, subsisting it and herself on wild grapes and berries. She had been afraid to flee in the direction of her home toward the Missouri, and to escape the Pawnees she had gone in a direction they least expected her to take.
These persecutions the Delaware resolved to put an end to. In 1832 Suwaunock or Capt. Suwaunock, as he signed the supplementary treaty of 1829, assembled the Delaware warriors to make war on the Pawnees for these and other murders. He led his force against the Republican Pawnee villagethe town where Pike had hauled down the Spanish flag and raised the Stars and Stripes. He fell upon the Pawnee town and destroyed it. Some of the Pawnee warriors were away on a buffalo hunt, but if they had been present the result would have been the same. No Indians surpassed the Delaware in courage and warlike spirit. They raided far into Mexico, and one was present at the murder of Dr. Whitman, at the Mission near Walla Walla.
John T. Irving, Junior, saw peace made between the Delaware and the Pawnees. It was at Fort Leavenworth, in the year 1833. The Pawnees claimed all the land between the Platte and Kansas rivers. They regarded the Delaware as trespassers when they went out over their outlet to hunt the buffalo, which was the cause of their war on the Delaware hunters. Irving says the Pawnees had slain many of the Delaware. It was to compose these quarrels that the Indian Commissioner visited the various tribes and summoned them to Fort Leavenworth to meet one another in council and bury the tomahawk. In the councilThe Delaware warrior Sou-wah-nock then rose. He spoke of the destruction of the Grand Pawnee Village. He did not deny his agency in the deed. The Pawnees, said he, met my young men upon the hunt, and slew them. I have had my revenge. Let them look at their town. I found it filled with lodges. I left it a heap of ashes. The whole speech was of the same hold, unflinching character, and was closed in true Indian style. I am satisfied, said he. I am not afraid to avow the deeds I have done, for I am Sou-wah-nock, a Delaware warrior. When he had finished, he presented a string of wampum to the Wild Horse, as being the most distinguished warrior of the Pawnee nation. When the slight bustle of giving and receiving the present had been finished the chief of the Republican village rose to answer his warrior enemy.
His speech abounded with those wild bursts of eloquence which peculiarly mark the natives of North America, and concluded in a manner which spoke highly of his opinion of what a warrior should be. I have promised to the Delaware, said he, the friendship of my tribe. I respect my promise, and I cannot lie, for I am a Pawnee chief.
At night the two tribes were caused to dance together. No finer description of a savage assembly is to be found in all history than Mr. Irving’s account, which was set out in the account of the Pawnees, in this chapter.
Fremont provided himself with Delaware guides on one of his exploring expeditions. Among these was Sagundai, as fearless and intrepid a warrior as any land ever produced. An emergency arose in California, and Fremont was compelled to communicate with Senator Benton. How could he do it? He inquired of his Delaware warriors if they could return without him, and carry his message. Sagundai strode forth and said he could go alone. And he did. He escaped death at the hands of savage tribes a dozen times. He took many scalps from his pursuers. He rode over deserts and crossed mountains reaching up to the stars. Coming out upon the Great Plains, he was set upon by a Comanche band. His horse’s strength had been carefully conserved, but here was a supreme test. The Comanche chief was magnificently mounted on a black horse with haughty head, flowing mane, and tail that swept the ground. In the pursuit he far out-rode his warriors. Sagundai saw that he must be overtaken in the race, and was planning his course of action when his horse stepped in a prairie-dog hole and broke his leg, throwing his rider in his fall. The Comanche saw-his advantage and bore down upon the unhorsed Delaware to dispatch him with his lance. But Sagundai was not at the end of his resources. He stood aside just in time to avoid the deadly spear. Before the Comanche could recover from his stroke Sagundai shot him dead, seized the long dragging lariat and brought up the Comanche horse with a round turn, mounted him, and fled like the wind. He escaped. Upon his arrival among his own people, the Delaware held the last war and scalp dances in their history. These were held where Edwin Taylor now lives, on the hill, at Edwardsville, in Wyandotte County.
Sagundai regarded the scalp of the Comanche as a sort of sacred trophy medicine and carried it until his death, when it was buried with him. And the message of Fremont was handed to Senator Benton in St. Louis by the faithful Delaware.
Black Beaver was another noted Delaware. He was familiar with every stream and mountain in the Great West. He guided many military expeditions and private caravans. He accompanied Audubon in his tours to study American birds. Once they were at Galveston. Audubon was to take ship there for New York. The next year he and Black Beaver were to start from New York and tour the country back to the Missouri. The Delaware had never before seen a ship. He studied those in port some days. Finally, he asked Audubon if people ever died on board a ship during the voyage, and was told they did. What is done with the dead? he inquired. They are cast in to the sea, said Audubon. After a moment’s reflection Black Beaver said he would never enter a ship, and Audubon lost his faithful guide.
The Rev. John G. Pratt was sent from the Shawnee Baptist Mission to found one among the Delaware. The first building of this mission was erected near the present town of Edwardsville, in Wyandotte County. Later building and mission were moved up on the prairie and established near the present town of Maywood. Mr. Pratt remained there until his death, many years after the departure of the Delaware from Kansas. Once he and a Delaware attendant were making some repairs on the poultry-house, and found a large blacksnake snugly coiled in a hen’s nest. Mr. Pratt threw the snake outside and told the Delaware to kill it. Not so, said the Delaware. It is Manitou, Manitou! Not must kill Manitou! It was one of the Delaware’s gods, and he could not afford to kill his god. When the Indian became a Christian he only added that creed. He did not relinquish his old faith because he had acquired a new one. He kept both.
By a treaty concluded May 6, 1854, the Delaware ceded all their remaining Kansas River lands to the United States, excepting a diminished reserve described as follows: That part of said country lying east and south of a line beginning at a point on the line between the Delaware and the half-breed Kansas, forty miles, in a direct line, west of the boundary between the Delaware and Wyandot, thence north ten miles, thence in an easterly course to a point on the south bank of Big Island Creek, which shall also be on the bank of the Missouri River where the usual high-water line of said creek intersects the high-water line of said river. Four sections of land were also sold to the Christian Indians, or Munsee, at $2.50 an acre. The Munsee sold the tract to A. J. Isacks, and the sale was confirmed by act of Congress, June 8, 1858.
On the 30th of May, 1860, the Delaware concluded another treaty with the United States. By its terms the individuals of the tribe were to take a certain portion of their diminished reserve in severalty. Provision was made for about two hundred Absentee Delaware then in the Indian country, now Oklahoma, and the remainder of their lands were sold to the Leavenworth Pawnee & Western Railway Company. The Delaware were not satisfied with their life on separate allotments, and on July 4, 1866, another treaty was entered into whereby all their lands in Kansas could be disposed of. The final divestment of the Delaware of their remaining lands followed ways more devious, and more detrimental to their rights and interests than was usual under the shameful policy always pursued by the United States toward the Indians. The Delaware moved to the Indian Territory and bought a right in the Cherokee Nation, becoming citizens of said Nation. They were known as Cherokee-Delaware, and live chiefly about Dewey and Bartlesville, Oklahoma. | <urn:uuid:bac343df-f6c8-45e3-aa7a-2d294b57b614> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/delaware-shawnee-kansas.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257651780.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20180325025050-20180325045050-00402.warc.gz | en | 0.985247 | 3,622 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Edited by Tony Greicius
NASA | This striking Jovian vista was created by citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran using data from the JunoCam imager on NASA’s Juno spacecraft.
The tumultuous Great Red Spot is fading from Juno’s view while the dynamic bands of the southern region of Jupiter come into focus. North is to the left of the image, and south is on the right.
The image was taken on July 10, 2017 at 7:12 p.m. PDT (10:12 p.m. EDT), as the Juno spacecraft performed its seventh close flyby of Jupiter. At the time the image was taken, the spacecraft was 10,274 miles (16,535 kilometers) from the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of -36.9 degrees.
Juno launched on Aug. 5, 2011, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. During its mission of exploration, Juno soars low over the planet’s cloud tops — as close as about 2,100 miles (3,400 kilometers). During these flybys, Juno is probing beneath the obscuring cloud cover of Jupiter and studying its auroras to learn more about the planet’s origins, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere.
Early science results from NASA’s Juno mission portray the largest planet in our solar system as a turbulent world, with an intriguingly complex interior structure, energetic polar aurora, and huge polar cyclones.
JPL manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of Southwest Research Institute. The Juno mission is part of the New Frontiers Program managed by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the Science Mission Directorate. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft. JPL is a division of Caltech in Pasadena.
Upload your images of Jupiter and help NASA decide what points of interest JunoCam will photograph.
JunoCam’s raw images are available for the public to peruse and process into image products atwww.missionjuno.swri.edu/junocam
NASA calls all amateur astronomers to upload their telescopic images and data of Jupiter. These uploads will help NASA successfully plan the future of the mission.
If you’re a veteran astrophotographer or if you’re just getting started with your first telescope, NASA highly recommends you read the Submission Guidelines before submitting data. In the PDF you’ll find information about the best capture and process workflows as well as links to free software and tutorials.
“Jupiter’s mysterious Great Red Spot is probably the best-known feature of Jupiter,” said Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. “This monumental storm has raged on the solar system’s biggest planet for centuries. Now, Juno and her cloud-penetrating science instruments will dive in to see how deep the roots of this storm go, and help us understand how this giant storm works and what makes it so special.”
More information about Juno is at: https://www.nasa.gov/juno and http://missionjuno.swri.edu | <urn:uuid:28a32df7-615f-463e-a2cc-279f334e466a> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://cultureofoneworld.org/jupiter-a-new-point-of-view/17548/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267159006.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180923035948-20180923060348-00286.warc.gz | en | 0.891916 | 666 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Corvette Manufacturing Plant celebrates the completion of the Last C4 Corvette as it rolls off the assembly line on June 20, 1996.
Introduced in 1984, the fourth-generation (C4) Corvette was the first model to be completely redesigned since the C2 was introduced in 1963. Production of the C4 was originally slated for 1983, but quality issues and significant re-tooling of the Corvette production plant limited production of the 1983 Corvette to just 43 prototypes – forty-two of which were later destroyed. The single remaining 1983 Corvette resides at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky.
Production of the fourth-generation Corvette officially started on January 3, 1983 for the 1984 model year. Delivery of the C4 Corvettes to customers began in March, 1983. For the next twelve years (1984-1996), Corvette would manufacture 358,180 units, and would include a number of special edition cars including an Indy 500 Pace Car Edition in 1986, the 35th Anniversary Edition in 1988, the ZR-1 model from 1990-1995, a 40th Anniversary Edition in 1993 and a Grand Sport Corvette in 1996.
As each model year improved upon the last, the fourth-generation Corvette probably saw the most significant transformation and evolution of any generation of Corvette – either before or since. The C4, which started its life in 1984 as a well-designed, though significantly under-powered 205 horsepower sports car, was recognized mostly for its handling. However, by the time it ended its run in 1996, it was recognized as a high-performance sports car that could produce as much as 330 horsepower (when equipped with the LT4 engine and a manual transmission) and could hold its own against some of the best sports car competitors around the world.
Just like the other generations of Corvette that preceded it, the engineering, design and manufacturing teams that worked on the fourth-generation Corvette built the car with a passion that showed in each of the cars they produced. This video celebrates the “end of the era” and showcases the assembly of the final 1996 Corvette as it made its way through the Corvette Manufacturing Plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The final car rolled off the assembly line on June 20, 1996, and was celebrated by all involved in its creation as “the last of a legend.” Even after 21 years since the last car was built, the C4 is still one of the most readily available – and affordable – Corvettes in the market today. | <urn:uuid:5d3755d0-71aa-4102-9906-f208ad2dca5b> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://www.corvsport.com/building-the-last-fourth-generation-c4-corvette/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583509996.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20181016030831-20181016052331-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.974166 | 502 | 2.53125 | 3 |
How does anyone ever tell if a child is in an unsafe setting and has some or all of the feelings that were listed in the last post?
Teachers and caregivers should suspect alcoholism or other problems going on at home if a child continues to show a good number of these signs.
Failure in school: is this something new for them? is there effort becoming progressively worse?
Lack of friends: unusual withdrawal from classmates/regular friends
Delinquent behavior: Violence or stealing - is this normal behavior?
Frequent physical complaints: ex. headache/ stomachache - these can be caused by stress and anxiety.
Abuse of drugs/alcohol: the child could be going to these things to "make them feel better" or it could just be something they know, because of the atmosphere at home.
Aggression towards other children/elders
Risk Taking behaviors
- The children may also have overbearing, controlling personalities unintentionally to fill the role of the "parents" they don't have.
- They may also become emotionally isolated from everyone they know (comes along with depression)
- Emotional issues tend to show more as the child goes into adulthood.
There are plenty of programs that offer help to a child of a alcoholic, to an alcoholic themselves or to the family as a whole. Obviously any of these programs can be very beneficial. Programs like these give the child a sense of stability, somewhere they don't feel so alone. | <urn:uuid:272cd64f-4781-4dcf-ac0d-9af1241ea782> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://drugandalcoholandyourbaby.blogspot.com/2014/01/unsafe-setting-cont.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794872766.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20180528091637-20180528111637-00389.warc.gz | en | 0.9648 | 298 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Create objects based on a template of an existing object through cloning.
This is how it looks like:
Surprisingly enough, there are very few useful concrete examples of this, even in the literature. A lot of the time you see reference to ConcreteImplA and ConcreteImplB.
The original impetus for the Prototype pattern was actually:
- avoid subclasses of an object creator in the client application, like the abstract factory pattern does.
- avoid the inherent cost of creating a new object in the standard way (e.g., using the 'new' keyword) when it is prohibitively expensive for a given application.
That is actually quite interesting. As I mentioned in the Factory Method analysis post, I like the notion of using Factory Delegate (and thus avoiding subclassing) quite a lot. This is usually useful for behavioral objects, that contains little state (it would be more accurate to say that their state is behavior, such as a class that mostly contains delegate members for different things). But for those sort of things, you usually don’t really need to modify them after the fact, so there isn’t much of a prototype here.
The second reasoning is not relevant for most things today. The cost of new is so near zero to be effectively meaningless.
But something that isn’t mentioned about this pattern is that it is very useful for multi threading. The notion of being able to handle a cloned object that can be modified independently of its original is key in things like caches, as you can see in the code above. We make heavy use of that internally inside RavenDB, for example, although we choose a slight more complex (and performant) route.
A key observation about this is that Prototype assumes long lives objects. Because otherwise, there wouldn’t be the prototype instance to clone from. In wide variety of applications today, that is simply not the case. Most of our objects live only for a single request. And anything whose lifetime is longer than a single request is usually persisted to a stable storage, rendering the basis for the Prototype pattern existence moot.
Recommendation: This is still a useful pattern for a limited number of scenarios. In particular, the ability to hand out a copy of the instance from a cache means that we don’t have to worry about multi threading. That said, beyond this scenario, I haven’t found many other uses for this. | <urn:uuid:d7abf258-5ab5-416e-9315-93631509d557> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://dzone.com/articles/design-patterns-test-time?mz=62823-enterprise-integration | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685698.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919131102-20170919151102-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.944195 | 502 | 3.421875 | 3 |
In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are unwittingly betraying their childhood friend, Hamlet, and playing into the hands of the usurper Claudius, who by killing Hamlet’s father and marrying Hamlet’s mother seized the throne of Denmark. Hamlet appeals to them to remain loyal to him, but since they’re sycophants, they fawn over the king and don’t perceive his treachery.
So Hamlet kills them summarily.
They were — unknowingly — escorting Hamlet to his death in England. Hamlet opens the letter sealing his fate while his friends sleep on the boat from Denmark. Needless to say, Hamlet doesn’t appreciate them being his conduit to death (the letter orders England, a vassal state in the play, to execute Hamlet). So Hamlet rewrites and reseals the letter changing the object of execution to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet himself changes ship and boards a pirates’ vessel and heads back to Denmark while his comrades continue onward to their death in England.
Was Hamlet wrong to kill his buddies? Shakespeare leaves his audience with the sense that they got what they deserved.
But where Shakespeare leaves his audience happy with their death, Tom Stoppard in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead picks up their cause. Because they acted unknowingly, they deserved life.
Of course Stoppard is describing his existential cosmovision, a bleak view that life is meaningless, death inevitable and destiny cruel. I don’t share his vacuum view of leadership, but I heartily applaud his taking up the cause of the anonymous, the defenseless, the voiceless.
Every life is valuable. None should be disposed of because of convenience. One person cannot assign importance — or lack thereof — to another human being. God has instilled incalculable value to every human being.
Posted in life, Shakespeare, theater
Tagged abortion, Africa, Bible, Christianity, Ebola, Faith, Jesus, refugees, Syria, value of life
Egypt’s largely Muslim military ruled that the mysterious death in 2015 of a Christian soldier within their ranks was a suicide, despite clear signs he was murdered, his family said.
It was the third questionable death of a Christian within Egypt’s military in the last year.
Bishoy Natei Kamel, 21, was bullied in his unit to the point he could stand it no more and stood up for himself. The ensuing fight resulted in his being jailed and put on trial, but before the outcome of the trial, his family was notified of his suicide and called to bury their son, according to the World Watch Monitor (WWM).
“His body bore signs of torture and extensive violence,” his father told WWM. “His forehead was protruding from swelling. He had an injury to his nose, clear bruises under his arm, his right ear and his right cheek, and other bruises to his back and abdomen.”
Natei Kamel rejects the official version that Bishoy hung himself in his cell and he has hired a lawyer to push for an investigation, but such legal wranglings generally do not go far in Egypt, which is officially a Muslim nation with 88% of population following Islam.
Bishoy’s case punctuates a year of violence perpetrated against Christians in the Egyptian military. On June 24, 2015, Private Bahaa Gamal Mikhail Silvanus, 24, received two bullet shots that killed him at his Air Defense Unit in Suez. His death was classified a suicide, WWM reported.
Read the rest of the story.
The trials, the “reversals,” the difficulties all make sense when we look back over our lives to see how God has blessed and used us. In the middle of the tempest, you’re tempted to throw up your hands in despair.
But Christianity is not a backwards-looking religion. We are to pray for a better future, invest time in relationships and Bible study, work hard — all to see more of God in our lives. While we strive for better things ahead, we keep faith and remember the promise of Psalm 23:6: Surely your goodness and love will FOLLOW me all the days of my life. I may not understand today what God is doing, but eventually I will.
Posted in attitude, God, God's work
Tagged blessings, Christianity, Faith, hope, inspiration, Jesus, making sense, Psalm 23, trust, when bad things happen to good people | <urn:uuid:a0347bb6-67fe-4a7f-bebc-2b9b479cffdf> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://mustardseedbudget.wordpress.com/2016/01/19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999964.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625233231-20190626015231-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.97337 | 967 | 2.625 | 3 |
Svenonius, Elane The intellectual foundation of information organisation. London : MIT Press, 2000. 255 p. ISBN: 0262194333. £40.
First of all: this is not a manual on how to organise information, but rather an ambitious effort towards the understanding of the underlying principles of information organisation. The first half of the book (chapter 1-5) is concerned with definitions and principles and the second half on bibliographic languages (chapter 6-10).
In the first chapter the terms of information and document are defined in a way which seems to be close to Ranganathan's concepts of "work" and "embodiment", while in the second chapter, the objectives of bibliographic organisation are presented, from Panizzi and Cutter up to IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Some of the entities introduced in this document are further developed in the next chapter. In the fourth chapter the author develops the idea of considering bibliographic languages as special purpose languages (LSP), while the fifth chapter deals with the principles underlying these languages.
The second half starts with a presentation of LSP for work description. A distinction is introduced between the vocabulary and its interrelationships and between assigned and derived metadata. Chapter 7 presents the AACR2 as a document description language, while Chapter 8 introduces the concept of subject languages, with its two main subclasses of classified and alphabetic subject languages. The two last chapters deal with the semantics and the syntax of these languages.
The merit of this book is the presentation of a linguistically-based general theory of information organisation, including the underlying principles. The terminology is clear and makes it easy to follow the author through the whole field of information organisation.
Some readers may find it hard to accept a term like subject language, when used to indexing language, but this is not an important inconvenience. It is the author's ambition to get across the boundaries of our discipline with her thoughts, but this reviewer thinks it is already a success if they reach researchers and teachers within the field. Some of us will certainly appreciate this book and be strongly influenced by it. | <urn:uuid:d8e7173b-8b7c-4692-a200-49b164ec9b70> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.informationr.net/ir/reviews/revs047.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115856115.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161056-00152-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910861 | 438 | 2.578125 | 3 |
By Carole Reedy
An integral part of the travel adventure is anticipating your journey, which often includes studying the local culture before even stepping onto the tarmac. Not only do we want a glimpse into the physical world we’re entering, we want to know something of how it got that way.
Many of us experience and learn through fiction, especially historical fiction, which can make learning more palatable. So…you’re going to Mexico. Along with your trusty travel guide, pick up a copy of Michener’s classic Mexico (offering an overview of the country’s history and geography in Michener’s classic grand style), Gary Jennings’ Aztec (and maybe even the sequels Aztec Autumn and Aztec Blood), and a copy of Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate, to get a taste of that most integral element of travel: food.
A recent novel of Esquivel’s, titled Malinche, examines the relationship between an Indian woman and the conqueror Cortes. None of these is great literature, but you’re already getting a feel for your destination.
In that spirit, here’s a brief list, supplemented with commentary, of some highly readable non-fiction literature that provides introspection into the human nature of the residents of Mexico through their colorful, exotic history. The first two are written in Spanish, with excellent English translations available. English speakers conversant in Spanish will manage them with ease. Do give it a try.
THE TRUE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF NEW SPAIN (La historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España) by Bernal Diaz de Castillo. A very long and detailed but readable account of the arrival of the Spanish to the shores of Veracruz in 1519 and their journey to Tenochtitlan, the present-day Mexico City. This tale is told from the perspective of personal experience.
THE LABYRINTH OF SOLITUDE (El laberinto de la soledad) by Nobel Prize winner Octavio Paz. One of our most beloved poets and essayists has written seven essays that attempt to explain the Mexican mind to outsiders by exploring the plight of the Indian cultures in relation to the Spanish invaders.
MEXICO READER (HISTORY, CULTURE, POLITICS)
Edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Timothy J. Henderson. This is a good place to either start or complete your reading preparation for Mexican travel. Eight hundred pages containing 100 essays make up this popular anthology, filled with a diverse selection of texts on Mexican history and culture, from meetings between Pancho Villa and Zapata to Montezuma and Cortes. Different points of view on a topic are presented, offering the reader not only solid information, but also the chance to pause and reflect.
THE CLOUD PEOPLE: DIVERGENT EVOLUTION by Ken Flannery and Joyce Marcus. This is a heavy read, but well worth it as it’s a thorough treatment of the evidence and a major resource on Oaxacan prehistory.
MEXICO: FROM THE OLMECS TO THE AZTECS by Michael C. Coe. This companion to Coe’s best selling THE MAYAS is recognized as one of the most readable and authentic introductions to the ancients. This seventh edition is full of new findings, including the solution to the origin of maize farming. It’s organized chronologically and is archeologically oriented to the sites of the Aztecs, Olmecs, Toltecs, and Zapotecs. It’s been described as an essential book to read while planning a visit to the various archeological sites in Mexico.
ZAPOTEC WEAVERS by Andra Fischgrund Staton. Before visiting the unique town of Teotitlán de Valle, outside Oaxaca City, be sure to read this well written, deeply cultural treatment of the Zapotec rug weavers. It analyzes the social aspects of the family while offering an explanation of the weavers’ methods, including basic information about construction, design, and the dyes used. There are outstanding photographs and a “where to buy” section.
ZAPOTEC WOMEN: GENDER, CLASS, ETHNICITY IN GLOBALIZED OAXACA by Lynn Stephen. This new second edition has more than 70 fresh pages of narrative, photos, and tables. It’s regarded as a classic in the field as a complete analysis of these strong women.
THE MAYA WORLD by Demetrio Sodi Morales, A GUIDE TO MEXICAN ARCHAEOLOGY by Román Piña Chan, and OAXACA, THE ARCHAELOGICAL RECORD by Marcus Winter are all published by Minutiae Mexicana in a series called Indian People of Mexico. These are small books are written in English and available for less than five dollars each on Amazon.
A must-visit for those who become enchanted with the various Indian cultures of Mexico is a trip (or two or three) to the Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, located in the lovely Chapultepec Park. Here each culture is given a section of its own. It’s impossible to see everything in a single day, so block out sufficient time in your schedule for at least two visits. The Oaxacan portion at the back is especially interesting, and don’t miss the second floor with its native dress and adornments. An outdoor restaurant on the lower level offers a welcome respite between cultures! | <urn:uuid:0e18bd34-45e2-4c3d-8cf6-eb054eff0ba8> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://theeyehuatulco.com/2015/04/01/books-about-native-mexican-cultural-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446708010.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126144448-20221126174448-00628.warc.gz | en | 0.919884 | 1,183 | 2.515625 | 3 |
As feminism has gotten more popular and mainstream, some anti-feminists have also unfortunately become very vocal and hostile. And although "feminism" may not be looked upon as a dirty word quite as much these days, but an awful lot of derogatory terms used toward feminists are still alive and well. Most feminists have heard them, and many have even been called them — both of which show that feminism is as necessary now as ever. When a culture is rife with negative terms for people who advocate for gender equality, that's a sign that an unfortunate number of people still believe in gender inequality.
The persistent belief in negative stereotypes about feminists might continue for any number of reasons. Some people may be attached to traditional gender role; others may feel guilty about being on the privileged side of things; and still others may hold misconceptions about feminism — for example, that feminism hurts men (even though its goal is to liberate people of all genders) or that only women can be feminists (anyone can be a feminist).
Another source of negative beliefs about feminists is the anti-feminist propaganda people see used everywhere from the news media to social media, much of which uses terms like these ones. They may not all seem harmful, but they ultimately hold back not only perceptions of feminism but also the movement itself.
When people learn I'm a feminist, they'll sometimes say something like, "You're not one of those radical feminists, are you?" I personally don't think this word should be an insult. "Radical" is sometimes used to mean "extreme" or even "violent," but in the context of feminism, it means "dealing with roots." Radical feminism seeks to get to the root causes of gender inequality. People may disagree on what these causes are — some may say it's the class system, for example, while some may say it's the gender binary — but regardless, what it means is that feminism doesn't just mean giving women rights; it means restructuring society. And there's nothing extreme or violent about that.
Similar to "radical," "militant" is sometimes used to connote an aggressive feminist. In addition to dismissing feminist ideas as extreme, it also plays into the stereotype that feminists are a) masculine and b) angry. Being angry about gender inequality is actually very justified (and just a reminder that there's nothing wrong with presenting or being masculine, just as there's nothing wrong with presenting or being feminine), but the stereotype of the militant feminist would have it that we're all just screaming at everybody for no reason. It's an incredibly convenient way to avoid considering that we may be worth listening to.
It's difficult to advocate for gender equality without somebody trying to make it about men, by saying "not all men" mistreat women (we know), by asking why we aren't paying attention to men's issues (we are), or by claiming that feminists hate men. These types of complaints detract from the real issue — that our system of gender oppresses people of all genders, particularly women and gender minorities — and invalidates feminists who are talking about very real injustices they've experienced. Feminists do not hate men; they hate the patriarchy (which, by the way, hurts men, too).
4. "Social Justice Warrior"
When I first heard this term, I thought it was positive. Who would have a problem with people fighting for social justice? But, apparently, that's a bad thing to some people. The term "social justice warrior" is used to stereotype people who are advocating for any social cause, including feminism, as irrational and obsessed with looking for evidence of inequality, as if it's not already there. But it is. People accused of being social justice warriors aren't just making things up; they're calling attention to problems that others may not observe because of their privilege.
5. "PC Police"
"Political correctness" has gotten a bad reputation. People who advocate the use of sensitive language are frequently accused of being the "PC police," as if they're trying to get other people in trouble. But that's not the goal. The goal is to create spaces where people of all identities feel heard and validated, and our language as it stands creates spaces where certain perspectives are valued above others. Calling feminists the "PC police," like any of these terms, is a way to detract from the fact that they might actually have a point — and that's why these terms are both so powerful and so harmful.
Images: Giphy (2) | <urn:uuid:9b211950-8744-46f1-aa42-48bcaa8b6834> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.bustle.com/articles/185035-5-derogatory-terms-used-toward-feminists-and-why-they-prove-feminism-is-all-the-more | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735882.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804191142-20200804221142-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.97456 | 919 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine has begun a new clinical trial to test a monoclonal antibody drug to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among people who may have been exposed by an infected household member.
The antibody drug Regeneron consists of a “cocktail” mix of two antibody treatments.
In partnership with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., the UM clinical trial is being led by immunologist Gary I. Kleiner, MD, PhD, associate professor of pediatrics and surgery at the University of Miami. The double-blind study is aimed at preventing infection among household members. However, if a study participant is determined to be positive, researchers hope that the drug will reduce the severity of the virus.
“In theory, the combination of two antibodies might be more effective in combating the virus, especially if it mutates,” said Dr. Kleiner, who became interested in Regeneron when searching for therapies to protect highly vulnerable patients, especially those he treats with primary immune deficiency disorders and who are not able to form immune defenses against the virus.
Regeneron is a combination of two monoclonal antibodies and was designed specifically to block infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, according to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
“We have lots of experience with monoclonal antibodies, which have been around for about 25 years,” said Dr. Kleiner, noting that the Phase 3 trial will be the first time that Regeneron is used to prevent the virus. “For people who are unable to receive a vaccine, the hope is that the drug will act as a bridge.”
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is testing the cocktail antibodies in varying trials. The company aims to enroll 2,000 study participants internationally for the prevention study. UM’s site will enroll 100 study recruits.
Eligible volunteers need to be at least 12 years of age and asymptomatic of COVID-19, and must enroll in the study within 96 hours of known exposure to a household member with COVID. Volunteers will be given a rapid COVID-19 test, and if enrolled they will receive injections of either a placebo or the actual drug. They will be monitored for seven months. Study participants with the prevention trial cannot have previously received a COVID-19 vaccine or convalescent plasma.
Lillian Abbo, MD, professor of infectious diseases at UM and chief of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship at UM/Jackson Health System, and Bhavarth Shukla, MD, MPH, assistant professor of clinical medicine and medical director of infection control and employee health at UHealth—the University of Miami Health System, are co-investigators on the study.
For more information about eligibility for the study, call 305-243-5684. | <urn:uuid:0dc74f50-6012-4472-b7b5-c761c3977694> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://fhicommunications.com/um-begins-testing-antibody-drug-regeneron-to-prevent-covid-spread/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00152.warc.gz | en | 0.947451 | 586 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Why sit down and read quietly? Is this really the only way, or even the best way, to experience language?
The three central works of Western literature were never, and are not today, read front to back in the manner of books—nor were they experienced as such contemporaneously. The Bible is an anthology of religious writings, whose composition spans fifteen hundred years and two language families, which people access selectively, whether to buttress an argument in a debate or provide an example in a sermon. (Similarly, in the 19th century, the novels of Dickens used to be read aloud, or rather, read aloud from; someone might request to hear the death of Little Nell, or this or that episode in Pip’s life, and this would be read aloud, presumably around a crackling Victorian fire.) The plays of Shakespeare are read perforce in book form; they were only secondarily books, as they were written for performance and attained their stature by performance. The same held true of Homer’s epics, selected scenes of which were performed by traveling rhapsodes throughout classical antiquity. Huckleberry Finn contains some excellent satire about the traveling dramatic troupes that carried Shakespeare into the American wilderness in the 19th century.
This emphasis on performance was necessary when the majority of people simply could not read. The current literacy rates in the industrialized Western world were unheard-of until less than a hundred years ago. (Ben Jonson escaped hanging for a murder by being able to read from the Bible in Latin; there was a loophole in Elizabethan law that prevented capital punishment for the literate. The virtue was that rare among the populace.)
In the 18th century through the 20th century, there seems to have been a progressive swell of people in the West who possessed the trinity of literacy, leisure, and no better entertainment options: A writer’s dream audience. Thousands of Westerners had stopped laboring in fields, but they hadn’t yet invented the Internet: This was the window, the magic concatenation of factors that is thought responsible for the rise of the novel as we know it.
This has proven a transient historical phenomenon, and it is a source of despair for some. Competing media, it is believed, are turning the readership of books into the viewership of screens. But this shift—readers by the thousands, setting aside printed books and turning instead to performances—is actually a turning back. We, in the 21st century, are returning to a way of experiencing language that has been the norm, both West and East, for centuries. There is no television show, no film that doesn’t require writing of some kind. The fact that these scripts don’t do well as freestanding texts, and don’t stand up under the cold eye of a reader in a quiet room, is irrelevant. Over 99.99% of British plays ever written were never independently readable to begin with, and have since perished, either physically or figuratively; only a tiny percentage remain read and performed, a couple dozen of them by the same guy. This situation may hold true someday of American screenplays and teleplays. Such forms are ephemeral, yes, but so are our conventionally printed novels and poetry-books, even some of those declared “literary” masterpieces and given awards. (Who won the Pulitzer for poetry in 1936? For all the prize’s prestige, it still requires Googling, doesn’t it? Answer: Strange Holiness by one Robert P. Tristram Coffin.)
It seems that what we call literature is a nonfixed collection of word-strings that have survived, against astronomical odds, the mayfly-nature of their background form—whether originally intended for cover-to-cover private reading (as 20th century novels were), selective access (as the Holy Bible was, and indeed many a poet’s Collected), or as scripts for performance (as Homer, Racine, and Shakespeare were). The shift going forward will be away from the first two kinds of writing and toward the third.
Whether this is a bad thing is up to the writers—and above all, to their audiences. Shallow audiences give rise to shallow writing: Hence the vapidity of much New Comedy in late classical Greece, and the transition from imagery-filled tragedies and historical plays to trivially witty comedies-of-manners within scarcely a century of the Elizabethans. All right, all right, I like She Stoops to Conquer, too; there are perhaps better examples. Consider: What example of 19th century American melodrama survives today, even as a classroom text?
This may be an advantage of the Serious Literary Novel’s diminishing audience. The pruning of mildly-interested audience members leaves you with the fanatical and deeply thought lovers of the art form: This is the situation with poetry already, where almost everyone who reads it regularly has The Love for that form. Of course, you can always err on the other extreme and turn out willfully impenetrable material, and this is the aspect most often bemoaned by advocates of Plain Sense and Telling It Straight. We are strange flowers, we do not blossom exclusively in direct light. Today, when it comes to density and vigor of language, a little obscurity is curiously liberating: There is no push to simplify thought or syntax, or to write the bland, quirk-free Global English of the international bestseller. | <urn:uuid:321c37f6-245d-4840-b61e-40c7282dfb4b> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.kenyonreview.org/2013/11/turning-back-performed-language/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121752.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00350-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963235 | 1,131 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Disappearing Words
This week I will start with a definition.
- Something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time: The sword is an anachronism in modern warfare.
- An error in chronology in which a person, object, event, etc., is assigned a date or period other than the correct one: To assign Michelangelo to the 14th century is an anachronism.
For the many who were insulted with this opening, as you interpreted this as a challenge to your intelligence and your extremely large vocabulary, I will also start with an apology. To be clear, this opening was not intended for you, it was intended for your stupid friends who often ask you a lot of annoying questions when you occasionally explain your brilliant theory on good parenting.
The word anachronism is a word I rarely use. I have a vague recollection of my high school teacher using this word, and by vague I mean I don’t remember it at all. If I had been paying attention in this media class, I would have understood his anger in seeing telephone poles in old western movies. He was trying to teach us that during the old wild west, phones had not been invented yet. I got his point, though he was not clear on whether telephone poles had been invented during this time. Many historians still argue that once the telephone pole had been invented, it was only a matter of time until someone would inevitably invent (there’s two words you don’t often see side by side) the telephone.
So if an anachronism is a sign of being out of step with a defined reality, I thought it was high time I helped people who commit this anachronistic error on a daily basis. They do this by invoking words, so out of fashion, the bewildered audience of those words, begin to question the speaker’s credibility. The very fact that anachronism describes a thing out of time, got me to thinking about the future of language in an ever changing world.
I will attempt to help both parties here: The speaker of the anachronistic term, and the receiver of this out of date expression. (If this were a legal document, it would say things like “the party of the first part” and “the party of the second part”). Rarely do I deliver information that helps both parties. I rarely deliver information that helps one party. I suppose this might explain why I don’t get invited to parties anymore.
The following is a menu of words you should probably never use for the rest of your life. Using this helpful list may even get you invited back to those secret family parties that have included everyone but you, to an event with free food and free alcohol.
Wise Acre: There was a time this was the ultimate insult one could say about another person. It helped describe a blow hard, who thought they were better and smarter then everybody else. If you are struggling transporting this word in today’s world, think Donald Trump.
Tarnation: Another word that gained popularity when, swearing in public was frowned upon, it had a certain cache, when screamed loudly, to express your displeasure about something. This word was immortalized in the cartoon world by Yosemite Sam, when things weren’t going well with a certain rabbit.
Rapscallion: This multi syllable word was a popular way for the ladies to describe the bad boy, they secretly admired. Over time this was logically replaced with the actual words “bad boy” to help simplify its basic meaning.
Sawbuck: This descriptor of a ten dollar bill just got too hard to understand through the sound system at your local McDonalds drive through, so staff were trained to use more current currency terms. A little future prediction: Pennies will disappear so asking someone “A penny for your thoughts” will no longer get you the information you desire. By the time you explain what a penny is, the thought will be gone.
Cockamamie: This is a word that was popular in a kinder, gentler time where people called out your crazy ideas. It has been replaced by two letters: B. S.
Hootenanny: Avoid this word when you get very excited about a great evening of drinking, singing and dancing. I would recommend similar advice with the word hullaballoo.
Doohickey: This catchall word was constantly used to describe gadgets that were almost impossible to comprehend. Today this has morphed into the more common term New Software.
Skedaddle: Occasionally used by the guy driving the getaway car at well-planned bank robberies to encourage the robbers to hurry up. More commonly it was a way to express your need to speed up and get away. Sadly people don’t skedaddle as much as they used to, and only tend to demonstrate this when the presenter says “Meeting Adjourned.”
Fret: Don’t get me wrong, there is still a lot of fretting going on, but with the proliferation of anti-anxiety medications, it just make it harder to notice.
Umbrage: There was a time people took umbrage with other people all the time. I suspect this happened so often, that there is now no umbrage left for the rest of us to use.
Victuals: This word to describe “good eats”’ was popularized by The Beverly Hillbillies at meal times. Since I believe that show is no longer on the air, avoiding this word when you are hungry, will exponentially increase your chance of getting some food.
Chum: Like Cockamamie, this word has also been replaced with letters. BFF
Lollygag: This musical word was used to describe those who stalled, were unproductive and couldn’t make a decision. Today we promote these people to management.
Fisticuffs: In less violent times, this was much more gentler way to describe people who were beating the crap out of each other.
Flummoxed: In the good old days, this was a word to describe a very rare occasion when an employee seemed unclear about what the boss was saying. Since today this happens at an hourly rate, it lost its rarity of use and was conveniently replaced by the more positive term “alignment.”
I have done my best to help you not to sound too out of touch in your daily conversations. Surfing the net is now as archaic as describing real surfing as hanging ten. This explains the slow demise of The Beach Boys. Of course that doesn’t stop them from touring endlessly.
I only hope in my attempt to make you sound less ridiculous when talking to others, I have also improved your ability to know language constantly evolves. To ensure this lesson continues, I will end with a sentence that will force you to appreciate today’s painful lesson.
This peccadillo of gobbledygook and rigmarole could hornswoggle the most resplendent haberdasher you know.
Cue the Blong: Oh yes, the good old days… | <urn:uuid:79ba18c9-f6cf-40c7-9233-7b379f49e89b> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://breakingwell.com/2016/04/19/the-disappearing-words/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249504746.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223142639-20190223164639-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.972588 | 1,504 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Streusel is a topping added to various types of pastries and breads. It may also refer to a specific type of brioche pastry with a cream filling or topping. The more common use of the word, however, refers to the crumble sprinkled liberally over muffins, pies, and cakes, particularly coffeecakes. The word is sometimes confused with a pastry known as the strudel, a Viennese morning or dessert sweet with fruit or cheese filling. Streusel and strudel, however, are two separate baked goods.
Also called a crumble or streusel crust, streusel originated in Germany, and the name translates as “to strew or scatter." The three essential ingredients are butter, sugar and flour. Combinations of spices, nuts and other extras are also commonly included in this dessert.
Numerous recipes for this topping exist, many of which suggest varied amounts of butter, sugar and flour. Most bakers recommend cutting the butter into small, easy-to-process pieces, allowing it to soften at room temperature, or occasionally, melting the butter first. Margarine is usually not recommended as a substitute, because it will not bond or bake in the same way that butter will. The resulting taste may also be negatively affected. Brown sugar, however, may be substituted for regular sugar.
Streusels almost always have a higher content of sugar than flour. This ratio separates German streusel from a crumble. The resulting texture resembles the granular feel of sugar. Combined with the butter, the topping may better adhere to the goods on which it is baked.
Variations to the three necessary ingredients are vast. Cinnamon is regularly added, as are some types of nuts, which are usually chopped before being added to the mixture. Coconut is another common option. Oats or meals derived from nuts may give the topping a different texture.
When preparing streusel, the ingredients may be blended together with a hand blender, food processor or utensil or mixed by hand. The hand method is usually recommended by professional bakers in order to produce the best texture. Rather than a smooth, fine blending of the ingredients, streusel is often formed into small, coarse clumps or crumbs.
The crumbs may then be sprinkled lightly or liberally atop other goods that have already been mixed right before entering the oven. Some recipes suggest applying the crumbs part-way through baking. When packed correctly, streusel may be refrigerated and stored for several months. | <urn:uuid:3ff2b0af-5f1f-4704-9d8c-f45fae28a594> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-streusel.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100769.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208180539-20231208210539-00189.warc.gz | en | 0.943471 | 514 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Several years ago, the Hubble Space Telescope photographed the so-called 'Ultra Deep Field' - galaxies over 13 billion light years distant from Earth. The light we see from them dates back to the early days of the universe.
Now these pictures have been put into a three-dimensional animation, showing the thousands upon thousands of galaxies that occupy what was previously thought to be empty space. It's pretty amazing to look at it, and reflect that each of those dots and lumps of light comprises a galaxy the size of our own Milky Way. Each contains hundreds of millions of stars . . . and each of those stars might have planets of its own . . . and right now, uncounted millions of light years away, some entity might be standing on one of those planets, looking at his own space telescope's portrayal of the equally-distant-to-him Milky Way galaxy, and wondering whether we exist!
Watch the video for yourself, and I dare you to tell me you can do so unmoved!
Food for thought, indeed. | <urn:uuid:044d13b6-de61-4230-ba53-7d4a21c5fdf8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bayourenaissanceman.blogspot.com/2009/08/amazing-video.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00386-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933661 | 213 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Scientists in Israel and US have identified new genetic factors that they say can help predict who will develop end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
ESKD requires dialysis or transplantation to sustain life, and is fatal in most regions of the world, where these treatments are not available.
The research team, led by Prof. Karl Skorecki of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Faculty of Medicine, and Dr. Doron Behar of Rambam Medical Center, discovered highly informative DNA markers in the MYH9 gene.
These markers are closely linked to a presumed variant of the cellular nano-motor protein that the gene encodes, and they help explain the high incidence of ESKD requiring dialysis or transplantation among Americans of African ancestry - including African and Hispanic Americans.
The findings were the result of analyzing markers in the MYH9 gene in a group of 1,425 African American and Hispanic American subjects, including dialysis patients and control healthy subjects.
The gene was first reported to be associated with ESKD by two U.S. teams in 2008, and one of these teams led by Dr. Jeffrey Kopp and his colleagues of the National Institutes of Health are collaborators on the current Technion study.
These high risk markers are found in up to 60 percent of people originating from western and southern African regions, and their presence raises the risk of the disease by as much as three to four fold in individuals carrying risk markers at both parental copies of chromosome 22, on which the gene is located.
The actual emergence of kidney failure requires a combination of the risk variant of the gene, together with another trigger.
"These findings can advance the use of genetic screening for those at high risk of developing kidney failure, which might enable preventative early treatment in at risk individuals," said Skorecki.
"The research findings will also advance future research into the mechanisms wherein abnormalities in the protein encoded by MYH9 affect the normal filtering function of the kidney, and thereby could lead to the development of new methods for treating and preventing terminal kidney failure," Skorecki added.
The study has been published in the February 9th issue of Human Molecular Genetics. (ANI) | <urn:uuid:986c8072-20ee-4d29-b460-94ae31bb2327> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.medindia.net/news/Genetic-Factors-may-Help-Indicate-Risk-of-Kidney-Disease-65565-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612069.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529091944-20170529111944-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.951764 | 451 | 2.671875 | 3 |
This article is Part II to The Importance of Story Dictation published October 6.
Building language skills and developing a sense of community are two of the greatest areas of focus within early childhood. These foundational skills set the stage for all later schooling and for life in general. One of the best ways to accomplish this within a classroom is to act out, or dramatize, the stories that children tell.
As we know from research and from our own experience as teachers, children learn best through hands-on experiences. When children dramatize the stories that they create, they see, hear, touch, move and speak in a variety of ways making their story a concrete and physical experience. We have also learned that once they experience dramatizing their stories, they become better storytellers. They increase their use of action words, dialogue, and complete ideas within their stories.
Dramatization is also an opportunity for class collaboration. It includes other children in the “telling” of the story, which builds friendships. In addition, as the story unfolds, children may ask questions like “how many monsters are there?” These moments allow the author to clarify the story, and in turn, teach the class that details are an important aspect of the story telling process. As a result, children begin to add more detail in their dictations, which creates richer stories.
Children also develop critical thinking skills through this process. Each time they hear their words read aloud, they are given the opportunity to evaluate those words. Children might add or change details. They may clarify or say, “That’s not what I meant.” These opportunities allow children to think back on their own words and hone them. This is critical thinking and the beginning of a skill that they will use throughout their entire life.
Dramatizing stories also serves to make abstract ideas more concrete. This is especially beneficial for children who are reluctant storytellers, especially English language learners or children who have difficulty communicating. Imagine a story about a child going on vacation to California. A child may have difficulty understanding these words, but as a child gets up, spreads their arms out and begins to move around, children see visually the concept of an airplane and begin to connect this with the word vacation. Similarly, characters may have different emotions during the story. As children see these emotions visualized they not only learn to name these emotions, but they identify them in other people, thus building their empathy and understanding.
In our early childhood classrooms at St. James, dramatization occurs at a special time at the end of each day. This keeps it as part of the everyday routine so that children learn to expect and look forward to this time. In addition, this protected time each day, signals its importance within our classroom (children’s stories matter). During this time, students all gather on the outskirts of the circle area. Roles are assigned to students, which correspond to the characters within the particular story. The teacher, who is the narrator, reads the story aloud, pausing after every sentence to allow the students to dramatize the actions accordingly. Students are allowed to represent the actions as they choose; the teacher does not direct the acting as this would hinder their creative interpretation. During these events, teachers are skillfully observing the students to see how their storytelling and acting skills are developing.
The stories that children tell come to life through dramatization and children come to life listening to and acting in these stories. Not only do we see the excitement build in our students, but their oral language, representation skills, social development, and critical thinking build as well. For all of these reasons, story dictation and dramatization maintain a prominent place in every one of the early childhood classrooms at St. James. | <urn:uuid:9cf18772-a739-4add-8758-b72c2eda5d0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://school.stjames-lutheran.org/2015/11/05/dramatization-in-early-childhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710662.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128203656-20221128233656-00377.warc.gz | en | 0.969372 | 777 | 3.96875 | 4 |
(Medical Xpress)—A team of British and Dutch researchers working out of Princess Anne Hospital in the UK have found evidence to suggest that the reason some women experience multiple miscarriages is because their wombs allow non-viable embryos to attach to the uterine wall long enough to pass a pregnancy test. The team says this new research, which they describe in their paper published in PLoS ONE, turns on its head conventional thinking that suggests women who miscarry multiple times are somehow rejecting embryos due to immunological issues.
For years, conventional thinking has suggested that women who experienced multiple miscarriages did so because their immune systems found an embryo to be a foreign body and went on the attack. Such thinking has led to feelings of failure in many women and the many emotional issues it entailed. This new research shows that, at least in some cases, it's quite the opposite. Rather than their bodies failing them, women who miscarry multiple times might be super fertile; their wombs attempt to carry embryos whether they are healthy enough to survive to term, or not.
To better understand what might be happening, the researchers enlisted two groups of female volunteers; women with a history of miscarriages, and women with no history of miscarriages. Both groups allowed eggs to be harvested from their bodies which were subsequently inseminated to create embryos. Each woman also had cells from her uterus harvested as well. The team placed the embryos in a container with a channel in it that led to the cells from the uterus then watched to see which group of cells grew towards the embryo, emulating that process that occurs inside the womb.
The team found that the cells from the group of women with a history of miscarriages grew towards the embryo in virtually all cases, while those from the group that did not have such a history did so only when the embryo appeared to be of high quality. If low quality embryos were allowed to attach to the uterine wall inside of a woman, the result would likely be a miscarriage.
The researchers say that it appears likely that now some instances of multiple miscarriages can be attributed to this super fertility in women, and thus a search will begin to find a less invasive way to test other women with such a history and then to see if there is a way to cause a discerning ability to come about as it does with women with no such history. In the meantime, they say, women can stop feeling like failures if they miscarry multiple times, instead it appears they might just be overachievers.
Explore further: New practice model may reduce miscarriage after assisted reproduction
More information: Weimar CHE, Kavelaars A, Brosens JJ, Gellersen B, de Vreeden-Elbertse JMT, et al. (2012) Endometrial Stromal Cells of Women with Recurrent Miscarriage Fail to Discriminate between High- and Low-Quality Human Embryos. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41424. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041424
The aetiology of recurrent miscarriage (RM) remains largely unexplained. Women with RM have a shorter time to pregnancy interval than normally fertile women, which may be due to more frequent implantation of non-viable embryos. We hypothesized that human endometrial stromal cells (H-EnSCs) of women with RM discriminate less effectively between high-and low-quality human embryos and migrate more readily towards trophoblast spheroids than H-EnSCs of normally fertile women.
Monolayers of decidualized H-EnSCs were generated from endometrial biopsies of 6 women with RM and 6 fertile controls. Cell-free migration zones were created and the effect of the presence of a high-quality (day 5 blastocyst, n = 13), a low-quality (day 5 blastocyst with three pronuclei or underdeveloped embryo, n = 12) or AC-1M88 trophoblast cell line spheroid on H-ESC migratory activity was analyzed after 18 hours. In the absence of a spheroid or embryo, migration of H-EnSCs from fertile or RM women was similar. In the presence of a low-quality embryo in the zone, the migration of H-EnSCs of control women was inhibited compared to the basal migration in the absence of an embryo (P<0.05) and compared to the migration in the presence of high-quality embryo (p<0.01). Interestingly, the migratory response H-EnSCs of women with RM did not differ between high- and low-quality embryos. Furthermore, in the presence of a spheroid their migration was enhanced compared to the H-EnSCs of controls (p<0.001).
H-EnSCs of fertile women discriminate between high- and low-quality embryos whereas H-EnSCs of women with RM fail to do so. H-EnSCs of RM women have a higher migratory response to trophoblast spheroids. Future studies will focus on the mechanisms by which low-quality embryos inhibit the migration of H-EnSCs and how this is deregulated in women with RM. | <urn:uuid:1d0a7afe-7855-4701-b092-f90c82e3ff84> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-08-recurrent-miscarriages-due-super-fertility.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948517181.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212134318-20171212154318-00245.warc.gz | en | 0.957285 | 1,075 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The world's most iconic buildings are made accessible and exciting for young readers in this colorful introduction to architecture that changed the world.
Children's fascination with buildings is a natural outgrowth of their curiosity about anything strange or huge or complex. This unique book brings together thirteen architectural wonders that have intrigued children for years. Through activities such as games, quizzes, drawings and other activities, it teaches them the history behind each of the buildings, and presents fascinating facts about the design, historical use, and construction techniques. This book features pyramids built by men with pulleys, a tower that leans, an opera house shaped like a sailboat, a museum built like a spiral, and the most recent example, a "bird's nest" stadium where the 2008 summer Olympics were held. Each of these buildings and more are introduced to young readers through lively texts and illustrations that will serve to heighten their interest and knowledge about the world's most important architecture, and perhaps inspire them to dream and build on their own.
About Annette Roeder
See more books from this Author
Published April 23, 2009
Arts & Photography, Children's Books. | <urn:uuid:8f36a926-6a5c-4c7c-a8de-ce7db772a42a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://idreambooks.com/13-Buildings-Children-Should-Know-by-Annette-Roeder/reviews/78795 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00235-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961177 | 231 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Saturday, 27 May 2017
Saint John’s is one of the five original parishes in Limerick City, the others being, Saint Munchin’s, Saint Michael’s, Saint Mary’s and Saint Patrick’s. During my visit to Saint John’s Roman Catholic Church this week, I also visited neighbouring Saint John’s Church, the former Church of Ireland parish church.
This Saint John’s Church stands on the site of an earlier church in the Irishtown area of the city, which dated from the 1200s. The link between Saint John the Baptist and the area is long-standing. According to the local historian Begley, the Knights Templars had a house in this area in the 12th century that was dedicated to Saint John the Baptist.
The pre-Reformation mediaeval church dedicated to Saint John the Baptist dates back to before the 15th century, perhaps as early as the 11th or 12th century. This important site is adjacent to the former John’s Gate and the town walls where the existing Citadel is located and incorporated within Saint John’s Hospital.
During the Reformation, Saint John’s became the property of Edmund Sexton. The mediaeval church was demolished in the 1850s, when it was replaced by Saint John’s Church of Ireland parish church. The new Saint John’s was oriented to address an open side of John’s Square
Saint John’s was built by the architect Joseph Welland (1798-1860) in the Norman Romanesque style in 1851. It was intended to accommodate 1,000 people. The church stands at one end of John’s Square, the first development of Newtown Pery, and predates Saint John’s Roman Catholic Cathedral.
The foundation stone of the new Saint John’s was laid on 15 January 1851 and the church was dedicated on Saint John’s Day, 24 June 1852.
The architect Joseph Welland was born in Cork. He was the architect to the Board of the First Fruits for seven years. When the board was dissolved in 1838, he was appointed to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners as one of four architects, working alongside James Pain. He was finally nominated sole architect to the Church of Ireland, and his works include over 100 churches.
Saint John’s is a free-standing double-height Romanesque-style limestone church, built in 1851-1852 on the site of the earlier mediaeval church. The gabled west elevation has a centrally-placed Romanesque portal door opening and a blind arcade of three round arches at first floor level, with a rose window in the gable above. Welland indicated a debt to AWN Pugin by roofing the nave, apse and aisles separately, and by revealing the roof structure.
There is a square-plan three-stage tower at the south-west corner, with a splay-foot pyramidal limestone spire, rising from a nail-head enriched cornice, decorated with foliate fleurs-de-lis to the corners and capped by a foliate finial.
There is an apsidal east end and a sacristy at the north-east corner.
The north and south sides are made up of four-bay, single-storey, aisle elevations, with a clerestorey elevation articulated by shallow piers and an oculus window to each bay. There are squared and snecked tooled limestone ashlar walls throughout, with smooth limestone ashlar dressing, including a plinth course, sill courses, a dentil enriched eaves course and copings with supporting corbel blocks to the gable parapet walls.
The five-sided apse has limestone ashlar piers with squared and snecked walls and a dentil enriched eaves band. The single and paired round-arched aisle windows in the aisle and apse elevations have limestone ashlar reveals, flush canted sills and plain glazing. The windows are obscured by recently-installed metal security grilles.
The ancient church grounds form an island site in the middle of busy traffic. The walls around the graveyard were built in 1693 to replace walls damaged during the siege of Limerick and there are many significant tombs, table tombs and grave markers in the grounds.
A folk tale in the area says this is the burial place of the poet Brian Merriman (ca 1747-1805), author of the satirical Cúirt an Mheán Oíche (The Midnight Court). It was the burial place too for many Limerick merchant families, including the Russell family who ran the largest mills in Limerick in the mid-19th century.
The Russell mausoleum is a fine classical mausoleum and adds significantly to the architectural and social history of the site. It is well-composed and the classical temple elevation contrasts with the Romanesque elements of Saint John’s Church.
John Norris Russell was merchant who also became a ship-owner and industrialist. He built the Newtown Pery Mills on Russell’s Quay and the Newtown Pery store nearby on Henry Street, and he was one of the founders of the Limerick Savings Bank.
This limestone mausoleum, built in 1873, has a tetrastyle temple front in the Doric order. Limestone ashlar walls with Doric pilaster supporting plain entablature and pediment. The heraldic decorations include cast-iron relief goat figure above ribbon band with the Russell motto and date: Che Sara Sara 1873.
A plaque reads: ‘Here lieth the mortal remains of Francis Russell who died the 25th day of August 1800. He was an affectionate husband, a kind and indulgent parent, a true friend & an honest man.’ Another plaque reads: ‘John Norris Russell dedicated this monument to his father Francis Russell. A tender husband, an affectionate parent, a kind friend & an honest man.’
The Unthank mausoleum is also in the style of a classical temple. This limestone mausoleum on a raised limestone podium was built ca 1850 for the Unthank family, with an aedicular façade in the Doric order. The ashlar stonework facing has been recently removed from the street-facing east elevation. There is a square-headed door opening with a Greek Revival architrave.
A plaque reads: ‘IHS. The remains of Robert Unthank, Esq, are deposed in this monument. Who died May 1814, aged 26 years. Also the remains of his mother Mrs Mary Unthank who died Sep. 22, 1847 aged 75 years. And his sister, Mrs Percy Scanlan who died February 4th 1829, aged 37 years.’
Another plaque reads: ‘IHS. To the memory of John Unthank, Esq. of Thomas Street on this city who departed this life on the 19th February 1849, aged 57 years. This monument is erected as a small testimony of the respect and affection of his sorrowing wife and children.’
The Unthank family is also associated with the public fountain outside the church grounds in Cathedral Place. This Gothic Revival-style drinking fountain was erected by the Jubilee Committee in 1865. It once met the sanitary and health needs of local people in Saint John’s Parish.
A plaque reads: ‘The inhabitants of St John’s Square are earnestly requested to protect this fountain from injury.’ Another plaque reads: ‘This fountain was erected by the suggestion of the late Isaac Unthank Esq, former Hon Sec of the Society for the benefit of the inhabitants of St John’s Parish and for which the corporation have granted a free supply of water.’
The rectory for the parish was at No 3 John’s Square. It is easily identified with its elaborate doorway, composite pillars and fanlight. The last Rector of Saint John’s to live here was Canon Frederick Langbridge (1849-1922), a novelist, poet and dramatist. His daughter Rosamund was the author of three novels, The Flame and the Flood (1908), Land of the Ever Young (1920) and The Green Banks of the Shannon (1929).
As the Anglican population in Limerick city fell into decline, the church fell into disuse in the early 1970s and it was handed over to the Limerick Corporation in 1975.
The interior was completely redesigned and for a period the church was used as a base for the Dagdha Dance Company and is now the hub for Dance Limerick.
According to a recent illustrated history of the Church of Ireland, edited by Claude Costecalde and Brian Walker, ‘it is said there are three cathedrals in Limerick – St Mary’s, St John’s and Thomond Park (home of Munster rugby).’
Perhaps it could be said that Limerick has four cathedrals, for tradition says Saint Munchin’s Church, a former Church of Ireland parish church on King’s Island, looking across the estuary of the River Shannon, stands on the site of the first cathedral of the Diocese of Limerick, built in 561 AD by the patron saint of the diocese.
Saint Munchin’s is one of the five original parishes in Limerick City, the others being Saint John’s, Saint Michael’s, Saint Mary’s and Saint Patrick’s. As a civil parish, Saint Munchin’s Parish lies partly in geographical Co Clare and partly in Co Limerick, including the city centre of Limerick. The parish is divided into two parts by the intervening parishes of Saint Nicholas and Killeely.
The part of the city on King’s Island is mostly in the parish. Saint Munchin’s Church is located on Church Street, between the Bishop’s Palace and Villiers Almshouses, on the banks of the River Shannon, overlooking the river and across to the Treaty Stone.
The church takes its name from Saint Munchin, traditionally listed as the first Bishop of Limerick, and according to tradition the first church on this site was the first cathedral of the diocese of Limerick.
Saint Munchin’s feast day is celebrated on 2 January (or 3 January), and he is said he lived in the late sixth or the seventh century. If the dates are consing, so too are the stories about the saint, and the legendary accounts give different versions of his background.
The first legend says Saint Munchin was the nephew of a King of Thomond who was also a disciple of Saint Patrick. Another legend says Saint Munchin was one of Sétna’s three sons who came from Co Clare. It is also said that Saint Munchin’s brother Ainlid was a local ruler in the late seventh century.
The most popular legend about Saint Munchin tells of the building of his first church in Limerick. While the workers were building the church, Munchin asked for the help of some local people whom were passing by. They refused to help, and Munchin placed a curse on them, praying they would be unsuccessful and unfortunate in life. He then appealed to some strangers who were passing, who readily gave their assistance. Saint Munchin appreciated their kindness and prayed they would always prosper.
The poet Michael Hogan wrote a poem in detail about the happenings, The Curse of Saint Munchin (1868).
The original church of Saint Munchin’s is said to have been built in 561, and to have once been the cathedral of the diocese of Limerick. As the first Bishop of Limerick, Saint Munchin is supposed to have been buried in the churchyard.
The legends say that Saint Munchin’s father Sétna belonged to the Dál Cais, and give him a pedigree linking him to the ancestors of the O’Brien dynasty. Mainchín is said to have founded Limerick when Ferdomnach, King of the Dál Cais, granted him land at Inis Sibtond, an island on the River Shannon.
However, there are major problems with the legends. The Dál Cais are unknown before the 930s, having migrated from the Deise area in what is now Co Waterford. population which migrated into the region at an uncertain period.
It has been argued that Munchin’s appearance in Limerick is actually due to his adoption by the later Norse there.
In fact, no successors of Munchin as Bishop of Limerick are known before the 12th century, and his existence cannot be verified before then. The church may have been a Viking foundation. The first recorded Bishop of Limerick is Gilli, also known as Gilla Espaic, of Gilbert. He was consecrated ca 1106, probably by Anselm of Canterbury at Rouen. He was the Papal Legate at the Synod of Rathbreasail in 1111, when the Diocese of Limerick was recognised as one of the 24 dioceses in Ireland. He resigned in 1140, and died in 1145.
According to some traditions, Saint Munchin’s Church was burned by the Danes. A later, single-cell mediaeval church stood on the site for centuries.
When the present Church of Ireland church was built in 1827 near the site of the old church, a layer of ashes was found under the foundation of the old church, which may confirm the story of the earlier burning.
The latest church on this site was designed in the Gothic style by the brothers George Richard Pain and James Pain (1779-1877). The Pain brothers collaborated on many works and were commissioned by the Board of First Fruits to design churches and glebehouses in Ireland. In 1833, James Pain was appointed one of the four principal architects of the Board of Ecclesiastical Commissioners. He lived in Limerick for much of his life.
The church is primarily built with limestone and it follows a Perpendicular Gothic style. Saint Munchin’s is a well-proportioned Board of the First Fruits Church. It is a four-bay church, with a square-plan tower to the west elevation, and an entrance porch at the north-east corner. There is an artificial slate roof to the church and a pitched slate roof to the porch. The four pinnacles at the top of the tower provide this church a distinguished aspect.
Until the 19th century, the church still had an episcopal throne, reflecting or feeding the legends that this was the site of the first cathedral in Limerick.
The graveyard has been in use for hundreds of years and there are many grave markers and table-tombs from the 18th and 19th centuries. There is a special plaque to commemorate three Norwegian children buried there in the 19th century. They had been passengers on an emigrant ship that had stopped in Limerick for repairs. The significant architectural quality of the many mausoleums in the churchyard and their good condition add to the interest of this site.
The church was deconsecrated in 1968, at a time when many Church of Ireland churches were being closed and dioceses were being amalgamated. Saint Munchin’s had fallen into disrepair over two decades when it was renovated by the Limerick Civic Trust in 1988-1989.
The church was used for a period by the Island Theatre Company until 2008, and later the University of Limerick architecture school held occasional exhibitions of students work here.
Major renovation work continues in the church and the churchyard. More recently, the towers of the church have been used by beekeepers to house beehives and help pollinate the city’s flowers and trees.
The church stands on an outcrop overlooking the Shannon River to the west and Villiers Almshouses to the north. It is enclosed by rubble limestone walls with square-plan piers and wrought-iron gates. | <urn:uuid:dbf1db2b-d050-44d4-9ba1-57325c47ae38> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.patrickcomerford.com/2017_05_27_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178356232.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20210226060147-20210226090147-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.975189 | 3,383 | 2.625 | 3 |
Some parents use footwashing as a concrete symbol of the covenant, likening the ritual to the covenant of the rainbow which God made with Noah after the flood. Others use it as a symbol of welcome.
What follows are some words you can use to introduce the ritual washing of the baby's feet.
When the angels visited Abraham and announced the birth of his son Isaac, Abraham greeted them by washing their feet, symbolic of their status as honored guests. Today we will greet __________, our guest of honor, by washing her feet.
As the baby is brought in by her grandparents, participants sing together. (Choose a song.)
As the baby's feet are washed, we say:
Barukh Atah Adonai m'kor mayim chayim ham'chayeh nefesh kol chai.
Blessed are you, Source of Living Water, who revives the soul of all living.
Read about the creation of this footwashing ritual on the Ritualwell blog. | <urn:uuid:362b99b9-d71c-4abb-95bb-7e93c96e0b46> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.ritualwell.org/ritual/footwashing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736676381.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215756-00019-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947448 | 210 | 2.671875 | 3 |
It is of utmost importance for a woman who is expecting to get pregnant, or already is, to take very good care of her body and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a good health is vital not just for your own self but for the baby as well because whatever a mother eats and drink and the kind of lifestyle she leads affects the development of the foetus. If you are not yet pregnant but want to conceive then it is highly recommended that you get a Preconception care visit. It will help you take necessary steps and actions to have a safe pregnancy well before you get pregnant. Healthy foetal development is necessary for a safe birth and a healthy baby.
Here Are 5 Tips For A Healthy Foetal Development:
1. Prenatal vitamins
Prenatal vitamins are vitamins of different variety that are very essential for a safe and healthy development of foetus. A woman’s bodily requirements of certain nutrients increase during pregnancy. Nutrients such as folic acid (Folate), calcium and iron are very vital for a proper foetal growth and also for the mother’s health. It better to start taking these vitamins before getting pregnant so that your body is ready for pregnancy well in advance. However, a track of these vitamin intakes should be kept and you should consult your doctor before taking these supplements.
2. Healthy weight
You are eating for two, but adding too much weight is not very desirable as it might be very hard to lose them later. But, at the same time it must be taken care that you do not get underweight as it may cause developmental problems and a low weight-birth. Maintaining a healthy weight keeping track of it is essential for foetal development and for you as well.
A woman need to make necessary changes in her lifestyle before and during pregnancy. What you consume goes into your baby as well, so eating healthy is a must. Undercooked food, junk food, etc. should be avoided as much as possible. Eat fruit and vegetables, whole grains and food rich in protein such as pulses, chicken and fish. Smoking tobacco and consumption of alcohol must be avoided at all cost. They can have deteriorating effect on the development of your baby. Alcohol reaches into the foetus in same concentration as it is in your bloodstream. Also, drinking alcohol and smoking during pregnancy has been seen to be a major cause of sudden death of infant.
Exercising helps in developing a healthy immune system so that you and your unborn baby stay safe from unwanted diseases. It also improves the blood circulation of the body which means that the foetus is provided with sufficient oxygen and nutrients. You can take advice from your healthcare provider regarding the kind of exercise that can be done during pregnancy.
5. Regular check-ups
Prenatal care is of highest importance throughout pregnancy. It helps in avoiding as well as taking care of any complications that may arise during pregnancy.
While taking care of all the 5 tips for a healthy foetal development, you also have the perfect excuse for shoe shopping. With the weight gain the pressure on foot increases radically and in such times there is nothing better than a brand new pain of super comfortable shoes. | <urn:uuid:e076e05d-32cb-4995-91b6-469e84ef3a64> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.practo.com/healthfeed/5-tips-for-a-healthy-foetal-development-26716/post | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178359624.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20210227234501-20210228024501-00309.warc.gz | en | 0.967384 | 650 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Minnehaha Creek, Minnesota
Beginning in the 1940s, Minnehaha Creek was dredged and straightened, which increased erosion, and degraded fish and wildlife habitat and water quality. Inter-Fluve performed a 22-mile reach assessment of the creek in 2003 for the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District. Photo: Google Earth 2006, before construction.
Over the last fifteen years, Inter-Fluve has worked with the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District and others to complete the highest priority projects that include bank stabilization, in-stream habitat, and riparian restoration plans, natural channel restoration, fish passage barrier removal, recreation access, infiltration design, road closure, wetland restoration and boardwalk construction. Photo: Google Earth, 2017 of Reach 20 (bottom of image) and Methodist Hospital (top of image). | <urn:uuid:e6583b48-9d1c-489f-9d86-528b703f8eb5> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://interfluve.com/2020/minnehaha-creek-minnesota/?portfolioCats=79 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400226381.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200925115553-20200925145553-00656.warc.gz | en | 0.914225 | 173 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Join Sean Adams for an in-depth discussion in this video The color palette, part of Branding for Designers.
- We remember visuals based on color and shape. A strong brand must be memorable and identifiable. Consider any major brand. You will remember the color. Major brands go to great lengths to find a unique color that they can own. They will use it repeatedly and consistently to create brand identification. Color can be the strongest and most proprietary part of a visual system. I don't need to see a logo on a Tiffany box. The turquoise color immediately identifies it.
The blue is not copyrighted, but Tiffany has maintained strict standards to never deviate, a little more blue, or green. The consistent usage of the color gives it value. Other brands are easily identified with a color palette. Nickelodeon uses orange, Coca-Cola is red, and UPS is brown. Like the rest of the branding process, I start a palette with research. I do a color study of the competition, make a diagram that shows which colors each of the other company uses.
Typically, I'll find that they all will skew toward one palette. Now that I know that a certain palette dominates the field, I go the opposite direction. The point is to differentiate the brand from the others. Using blue because all other financial institutions use blue creates a brand that blends in. I choose a primary color based on the competition and values. This isn't the place to say, "Gee, I don't like purple," if the attributes are royal, vibrant and luxurious.
A secondary palette adds additional colors that unify the brand. These colors should never be left to chance. If yellow is one of the colors, the palette makes sure that everyone is using the same exact shade of yellow. As I mentioned in my course, Fundementals of Layout and Composition, color is subjective. This is the place where you will need to remind your client the choice isn't about likes or dislikes, but what color best communicates the attributes.
- The history of branding (pre- and post-1950)
- The elements of branding
- Conducting research
- Solving problems and presenting solutions
- Creating logos and identity systems
- Building a visual system with color, typography, and more
- Communicating branding with manuals and vision books | <urn:uuid:f939ec28-2b2f-4030-9ab5-cff98ffe71dd> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.lynda.com/Design-Color-tutorials/color-palette/363131/380188-4.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202723.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323040640-20190323062640-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.918505 | 479 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Climate Services Information System (CSIS) is the principal GFCS mechanism through which information about climate – past, present and future – is archived, analyzed, modeled, exchanged and processed. The CSIS is the "operational core" of the GFCS. It produces and delivers authoritative climate information products through operational mechanisms, technical standards, communication and authentification. Its functions include climate analysis and monitoring, assessment and attribution, prediction (monthly, seasonal, decadal) and projection (centennial scale). New infrastructure will be added to the CSIS currently in place to fulfill the GFCS vision. | <urn:uuid:1fa37459-8680-4422-a834-3c878a152638> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://gfcs.wmo.int/CSIS | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030338244.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007175237-20221007205237-00318.warc.gz | en | 0.905597 | 124 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Thiruvananthapuram, April 4 (IANS) State owned Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), in a joint research project with German institutes, has made a breakthrough in developing Analogue Integrated Circuits for implementing Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). This can possibly be used to analyse and interpret 2019-nCoV data for a possible solution to the global pandemic.
The capital city headquartered research institute said that this has been achieved by joint research conducted in collaboration with Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors Lab, Seigen University and Fraunhofer, Germany, and Centre for Excellence in Artificial General Intelligence and Neuromorphic Systems (neuroAGI), IIITM-K.
GAN are neural networks that can be trained to produce or generate new content. These are popularly used for generating fake images, fake audio, fake text and fake videos.
“We have been able to achieve a breakthrough by this complex and painstaking AI circuits research, with being able to accelerate and run GAN applications in low power devices” said A. P. James, Professor at the School of Electronics at IIITM-K.
The paper, ‘Memristive GAN in Analog’, has been made available online from Friday in Scientific Reports Journal of Nature. In this collaborative work, the lead author is O. Krestinskaya while B. Choubay, Professor at Seigen University, is the co-author.
The experts point out that the GANs have recently succeeded in generating new molecular structures that can bind with the 3C-like protease, which is one of the most important COVID-19 protein targets, and inhibit virus functioning.
In a new study, energy and area-efficient analogue circuit implementation of such GAN architecture was demonstrated to generate realistic looking images. | <urn:uuid:96f6b2ff-8fb6-4617-865f-19e82492cd26> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://newsd.in/kerala-it-institute-develops-analogue-circuit-to-study-coronavirus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510697.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930145921-20230930175921-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.925775 | 398 | 2.5625 | 3 |
67% of all plastic we put in the recycling bin gets incinerated (source: EPA 2018 stats). See also: Irish Examiner (Sep. 2021).
While the public is instructed to put all types of plastic in their recycle bin, many types of hard and soft plastic will not be recycled, either because it is too difficult to carry out, or because there is no market for the resulting material.
Contamination is another reason why packaging doesn’t get recycled. Many people are careless about what they put in their recycling bin. Workers at recycling plants are forced to sift through things like dirty nappies, mouldy food, medical waste and more. Contamination of recycling bins by these types of items can be as high as 36%. (Source). Packaging should always be clean, dry and loose and free of food residue.
Plastic can only be recycled a few times. It eventually ends up being ‘downcycled’ into products like carpets, fleece clothing and building and garden materials such as decking, fencing, park benches and window frames.
In the EU, only around 9% of the plastic in use is made from recycled plastic.
Microplastics – small particles of plastic (often from worn down car tyres) – can be blown by the wind and inhaled by people and animals. Every time you wash synthetic clothing millions of microplastics are washed down the drain ending up in waterways. Read more about microplastic.
This video advises that the lids be kept on plastic bottles, otherwise they will fall through the gaps in the equipment and end up as ‘residue’.
Small materials (presumably bottle caps and small pieces of plastic) can fall through the gaps in the separators at the recycling plant. Fromthis RTE article: “A lot of small materials known as “fines” would fall through, these are then biostablised, which removes the oxygen demand and then used for daily cover on landfills. While landfill cover might not sound like a “fantastic treatment method” it still gets considered a recovery operation because the alternative would be to use virgin materials on the landfills.”
PET bioplastics can be recycled in the same recycling stream as conventional PET plastic. (Source).
Biodegradable does not always mean that the plastic is compostable. (Read more).
Plastic enters the ocean via rivers, discarded nets from fishing vessels, flooding events causing landfill to overflow, and trash that is left on beaches.
It is estimated that 90% of ocean plastic originates from just 10 rivers
More than 640,000 tonnes of nets, lines, pots and traps used in commercial fishing are dumped and discarded in the sea every year, the same weight as 55,000 double-decker buses..
The Ocean Cleanup project is currently attempting to clean up the Pacific Garbage Patch – an area of nearly 8 million square kilometres in the ocean between Japan and the American West Coast where 80,000 tonnes of plastic debris and discarded fishing nets are circulating.
Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than 5mm in length.
They enter the environment – soil, rivers and oceans – from a number of sources including:
Plastic waste in the ocean which has degraded into microplastics over time. In warm ocean water plastic can degrade in as little as a year. It degrades into smaller and smaller bits of plastic which are toxic. These end up in the guts of animals or wash up on shorelines.
Synthetic clothing (eg. Polyester, fleece, nylon and spandex) – especially the residue from washed synthetic clothing.
Cosmetics containing glitter particles and toiletries (such as facial scrubs and toothpastes) containing microbeads.
Waste from industry.
Wear and tear from tyres significantly contributes to the flow of microplastics into the environment.
Microplastics are thought to be a threat to human health as they can cross cellular barriers, affecting the functioning of cells.
They can accumulate in the organs of fish such as the gall bladder, pancreas and brain. | <urn:uuid:b502583f-b914-470a-bdcc-dd9c70f1c713> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://circularliving.ie/plastic-waste-ireland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495012.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127195946-20230127225946-00757.warc.gz | en | 0.947825 | 862 | 3.625 | 4 |
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