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(200ml) katori Diet chart for normal sedentary pregnant women\nICMR-National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians | [
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123Measuring of raw food items\nICMR-National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians | [
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124\nMeasuring of raw food items\nICMR-National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians | [
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125Estimation of glycemic carbohydrates from commonly consumed foods (g/100g DM)\nFood sample Glycemic carbohydrates \n(g/100g DM) \nRice 79.22 ± 0.67 \nWheat flour 63.26 ± 0.23 \nBarley 64.99 ± 0.21 \nRed gram dhal 51.90 ± 1.03 \nGreen gram dhal 51.24 ± 1.72 \nBengal gram whole 52.33 ± 1.29 \nMasoor dhal 52.52 ± 0.8... | [
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0.012409035116434097,
0.00012231216533109546,
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-0.08211061358451843,
... |
Masoor dhal 52.52 ± 0.83 \nChana dhal 56.22 ± 0.62 \nWheat + chana (60:40) 49.94 ± 1.27 \nWheat + chana + barley (40:30:30) 46.89 ± 0.22 \nMixed dhal 40.09 ± 1.56 \nEach value is the average of triplicate determinations ±, one SD | [
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Each value is the average of triplicate determinations ±, one SD\nSource: S. Devindra et al., (2017). Estimation of glycemic carbohydrate and glycemic index/load of commonly consumed cereals, \nlegumes and mixture of cereals and legumes. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Coun. 37(4):426–431. | [
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Glycemic carbohydrates content of commonly consumed Indian breakfast foods (g/100 g)\nFood sample Food sample Glycemic carbohydrates Glycemic carbohydrates \n(g/100g DM) (g/100g DM) \nIdly sambar 58.98 ± 0.0 \nMLA Upmapesarattu 66.26 ± 2.7 \nOnion ravadosa 70.95 ± 0.5 \nOpen dosa 70.33 ± 5.7 \nPaneer dosa 6... | [
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0.0008635646081529558,
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-0... |
Open dosa 70.33 ± 5.7 \nPaneer dosa 68.69 ± 0.6 \nPesarattu 65.75 ± 0.1 \nRavapaneerdosa 65.17 ± 3.1 \nSet dosa 69.93 ± 0.2 \nVegetable dosa 69.56 ± 2.9 \nVadasambar 49.63 ± 1.5 \nOnion dosa 69.96 ± 0.3 \nPlain dosa 70.75 ± 0.3 \nMLA Dosa 70.13 ± 0.5 \nBisibelebhath 56.99 ± 0.2 \nOpen veg paneerdosa 66... | [
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0.022... |
Open veg paneerdosa 66.34 ± 0.9 \nTomato bhath 61.49 ± 2.0 \nLemon rice 70.36 ± 0.1 \nChapati 66.12 ± 2.2 \nTomato rice 71.35 ± 0.2 \nVegetable biryani 71.84 ± 3.1 \nCurd rice 70.96 ± 0.7 \nParota 63.50 ± 1.3 \nMysore bonda 70.38 ± 0.1 \nEach value is the average of triplicate determinations ±, one SD | [
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0.0214... |
Each value is the average of triplicate determinations ±, one SD\nSource: S. Devindra et al., (2017). Estimation of glycemic carbohydrate and glycemic index/load of commonly consumed cereals, legumes and \nmixture of cereals and legumes. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Coun. 37(4):426–431.ANNEXURE III | [
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126Glycemic index and glycemic load of commonly consumed breakfast foods of India\nName of the breakfast foods Glycemic index (GI) Glycemic load (GL) \nIdly sambar 68.69 ± 5.8 34.34 ± 7.1 \nMLA Upma pes Arattu 72.85 ± 5.8 36.42 ± 6.7 \nOnion rava dosa 66.43 ± 5.7 33.21 ± 5.3 \nOpen dosa 77.33 ± 5.7 39.34 ± 3.5 | [
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-0.... |
Open dosa 77.33 ± 5.7 39.34 ± 3.5 \nPaneer dosa 71.47 ± 4.3 35.73 ± 3.7 \nPesarattu 60.69 ± 5.7 33.70 ± 9.5 \nRava paneer dosa 71.94 ± 6.2 35.97 ± 5.2 \nSet dosa 65.97 ± 5.7 32.98 ± 6.5 \nVegetable dosa 63.97 ± 5.7 31.98 ± 7.4 \nVada sambar 36.89 ± 5.7 18.44 ± 7.7 \nOnion dosa 79.69 ± 5.9 39.84 ± 4.8 \nPlain do... | [
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Plain dosa 79.39 ± 6.8 39.69 ± 2.7 \nMLA dosa 71.17 ± 6.6 35.58 ± 5.4 \nBisibelebhath 74.64 ± 5.8 32.59 ± 5.6 \nOpen veg paneer dosa 70.98 ± 6.4 35.49 ± 6.8 \nTomato bhath 68.57 ± 5.8 36.54 ± 7.3 \nLemon rice 79.30 ± 5.9 39.65 ± 3.9 \nChapati 62.43 ± 6.1 28.37 ± 5.3 \nTomato rice 68.89 ± 6.2 34.44 ± 7.3 | [
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-... |
Tomato rice 68.89 ± 6.2 34.44 ± 7.3 \nVegetable biryani 74.53 ± 6.1 37.26 ± 7.3 \nCurd rice 64.94 ± 5.6 32.47 ± 7.5 \nParota 62.48 ± 5.6 31.24 ± 6.3 \nMysore bonda 61.41 ± 5.6 30.70 ± 5.7 \n Each value is the average of ten participant's determinations ±, one SD | [
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0.00919... |
Source: Devindra S, et al (2022). Glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic index, and glycemic load of commonly consumed South Indian \nbreakfast foods . Journal of Food Science and Technology. 59, 3619-3626. Doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05368-6Glycemic index and glycemic load of different food samples\nName of foods Glycemic in... | [
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Name of foods Glycemic index (GI) Glycemic load (GL) \nRice 78.23 d ± 4.24 49.38 d ± 2.67 \nWheat chapatti 65.66 b ± 4.22 32.83 b ± 2.11 \nRed gram 43.01 a ± 4.93 21.50 a ± 2.46 \nGreen gram 42.45 a ± 4.05 21.22 a ± 2.02 \nBengal gram 37.95 ac ± 5.73 18.97 ac ± 2.86 \nMasoor dhal 42.15 a ± 3.26 21.07 a ± 1.63 | [
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-0.1... |
Masoor dhal 42.15 a ± 3.26 21.07 a ± 1.63 \nMixed dhal 43.64 a ± 6.98 21.82 a ± 3.49 \nWheat +chana dhal 32.37 c ± 9.10 16.18 ce ± 5.30 \nWheat + chana dhal +barley 39.27 ac ± 5.20 19.63 ae ± 6.33 | [
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Wheat + chana dhal +barley 39.27 ac ± 5.20 19.63 ae ± 6.33 \nValues are mean and ±SD of three separate determinations. Values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) | [
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Source: S. Devindra et al., (2017). Estimation of glycemic carbohydrate and glycemic index/load of commonly consumed cereals, legumes and mixture of cereals and \nlegumes. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Coun. 37(4):426–431. | [
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-0.13144... |
127Cereals & millets \nNutrient composition for cereals is mean of maize, dry, rice, \nparboiled, handpounded, rice, parboiled, milled, rice, raw( brown) \nhandpounded, rice, raw, milled, rice, flakes, rice, puffed, wheat, \nwhole, wheat, flour atta, wheat, flour(refined), wheat, semolina, \nwheat, vermicelli, wheat, b... | [
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0.02909996546804905,
0.06172029301524162,
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0.10500619560480118,
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0.03981288895010948,
-0.09977... |
wheat, vermicelli, wheat, bulgar.\nNutrient composition for millets is mean of bajra, barley, Italian millet \n(foxtail millet), jowar, panivaragu, ragi, samai, sanwa millet, varagu.\nNutrient composition for pulses is mean of bengal gram, whole, \nbengal gram, dhal, bengal gram, roasted, black gram, dhal, cowpea, | [
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0.04607916250824928,
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0.0011240874882787466,
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0.09293030202388763,
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0.032298434525728226,
-0.09... |
field bean, dry, green gram, whole, green gram, dhal, horse gram, \nwhole, khesari, dhal, lentil moth beans, peas, dry, peas, roasted, \nrajmah, red gram, dhal, soyabean .\nGreen leafy vegetables \nNutrient composition for GLV is mean of agathi , amaranth caudatus, \namaranth, tender gangeticus, amaranth, stem gange... | [
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0.001416717073880136,
-0.... |
amaranth, tender gangeticus, amaranth, stem gangeticus, amaranth, \npaniculatus, amaranth, polygonoides, amaranth, spinosus, amaranth \nspecies (chakravarthikeerai), amaranth species (koyakeerai), \namaranth tristis, amaranth, viridis, ambat chuka, bathua leaves, beet \ngreens, bengal gram leaves, betel leaves, bottle ... | [
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0.0827527716755867,
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0.015245204791426659,
... |
greens, bengal gram leaves, betel leaves, bottle gourd leaves, broad \nbean leaves, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot leaves, cauliflower \nleaves, celery leaves, celery stalk,chekkur manis, colocasia leaves \n(black variety), colocasia leaves (green variety), coriander leaves, cow \npea leaves, curry leaves, drumstick... | [
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0.005174396559596062,
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0.07211969792842865,
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-0.038935188204050064,
-... |
pea leaves, curry leaves, drumstick leaves, fenugreek leaves, fetid \ncassia, fresh, garden cress, garden sorrel (sepals), gogu, ipomoea \nstems, ipomoea leaves, knol-khol greens, kuppameni, lettuce, \nlettuce tree leaves, mature, lettuce tree leaves, tender, menathakkali \nleaves, mayalu, mint, modakanthan keerai, muk... | [
0.016571294516324997,
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0.03640919551253319,
0.019387036561965942,
0.03883548080921173,
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0.030409272760152817,
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0.06737515330314636,
0.109804667532444,
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-0.07961... |
leaves, mayalu, mint, modakanthan keerai, mukarrate keerai, \nmustard leaves, neeringi, parsley, paruppu keerai, ponnanganni, \npumpkin leaves, radish leaves, table radish leaves, rape leaves, rape \nleaves, safflower leaves, shepu, spinach, spinach stalks, susni sag, \ntamarind leaves, tender, turnip greens.\nVegetabl... | [
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-0.0635... |
tamarind leaves, tender, turnip greens.\nVegetables\nNutrient composition for vegetables is mean of ash guard, beans, \nscarlet tender, bitter gourd, bitter gourd, small, bottle gourd, brinjal, \nbroad beans, cauliflower, cho-cho-marrow, cluster beans, colocasia \nstem, cow pea pods, cucumber, double beans, drum stick,... | [
0.006666073575615883,
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0.14155839383602142,
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0.007587914355099201,
-0.0856... |
stem, cow pea pods, cucumber, double beans, drum stick, drumstick \nflowers, field beans, tender, figs, red (ficus cunia), french beans, \nghosala, giant chillies (capsicum), jack, tender, jack, fruit seed, \nkankoda, karonda fresh, kheksa, kovai, knol-khol, ladies fingers, lakuch, raw, leeks, mango green, onion stalks... | [
0.0060794418677687645,
-0.058403417468070984,
0.016501430422067642,
0.006842258386313915,
0.028175607323646545,
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0.048612289130687714,
0.13361743092536926,
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-0.005248134024441242,
-... |
pink beans, plantain flower, plantain, green, plantain, stem, pumpkin, \npumpkin flowers, ridge gourd, snake gourd, sword beans, tinda, \ntender, tomoto, green, vegetable marrow.\nRoots and tubers\nNutrient composition for roots and tubers is mean of banana \nrhizome, beet root, carrot, colocasia, khamalu, mango ginger... | [
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-0.0034725028090178967,
-0.08... |
rhizome, beet root, carrot, colocasia, khamalu, mango ginger, onion, \nbig, onion, small, potato, radish, pink, radish rat-tailed, radhish, round \nred, radish, round white, sweet potato, tapioca, tapioca, chips, dried, \nurnip, yam, elephant, yam, ordinary, yam, wild.\nFruits \nNutrient composition for fruits is mean ... | [
0.026987524703145027,
-0.07085786014795303,
-0.07969530671834946,
0.05090605095028877,
0.05678832158446312,
0.1018986850976944,
0.031466104090213776,
0.03244003280997276,
-0.03400837257504463,
0.015229628421366215,
0.16426360607147217,
-0.07473215460777283,
-0.002006426453590393,
-0.068644... |
avocado pear, bael fruit, banana ripe, banyan tree figs, cashew fruit, \ncherries, red, currants, black, figs (ficus carcia), grapes, blue variety, \ngrapes, pale green variety, grape fruit, marsh's seedless, grape fruit, \ntriumph, guava, country, guava, hill, harfarowrie, jack fruit, jamb, | [
0.05625347048044205,
-0.021212516352534294,
0.005363541189581156,
0.026281757280230522,
0.0027960059233009815,
0.08543266355991364,
0.03305133059620857,
-0.0744067132472992,
0.0011738189496099949,
0.04751014709472656,
0.14261335134506226,
-0.07416743785142899,
0.0032740780152380466,
-0.043... |
triumph, guava, country, guava, hill, harfarowrie, jack fruit, jamb, \nsafed, jambu fruit, korukkapalli, lakuch, lemon, lemon sweet, lichi, \nlichies, bastard, lime, lime, sweet, malta, lime, sweet, musambi, \nloquat, mango ripe, mangosteen, melon, musk, melon, water, \nmulberry, orange, palmyra fruit ripe (mesocarp), ... | [
0.017591888085007668,
-0.022426646202802658,
0.014528351835906506,
-0.01870311237871647,
-0.05153327435255051,
0.09366054087877274,
0.06600853055715561,
-0.07924501597881317,
-0.0066537712700665,
-0.035256944596767426,
0.1308632642030716,
-0.06226925924420357,
0.05525711551308632,
-0.06469... |
mulberry, orange, palmyra fruit ripe (mesocarp), palmyra fruit, \ntender, papaya, ripe, passion fruit, peaches, pears, persimmon, \nphalsa, pine apple, plum, pomegranate, prunes, pummelo, quince, \nraspberry, rose apple, sapota, custard apple (seethaphal), strawberry, \ntomato ripe, tree tomato, wood apple, zizyphus.\n... | [
0.013054956682026386,
-0.042960572987794876,
0.01827654428780079,
0.0050445618107914925,
0.023864945396780968,
0.021963132545351982,
0.024839799851179123,
-0.05139051377773285,
0.022723350673913956,
0.004637116100639105,
0.1672973930835724,
-0.03677688539028168,
0.023137446492910385,
-0.04... |
tomato ripe, tree tomato, wood apple, zizyphus.\nNuts\nNutrient composition for nuts is mean of almond, arecanut, \navocadopear (nut), cashewnut, chilgoza, coconut, dry, coconut, fresh \ngarden cress seeds, gingelly seeds, groundnut, groundnut, roasted, \nlinseed, mustard seeds, niger seeds, pistachionut, piyal seeds, | [
-0.0053859599865973,
-0.006949590984731913,
-0.021449299529194832,
0.05510531738400459,
0.0034277373924851418,
0.09149307012557983,
0.00363693805411458,
0.012432146817445755,
-0.002311656018719077,
0.008031305857002735,
0.11462578922510147,
-0.017826022580266,
0.04709192365407944,
-0.10480... |
linseed, mustard seeds, niger seeds, pistachionut, piyal seeds, \nsafflower seeds, sunflower seeds, walnut, water melon seeds \n(kernal), arisithippili, asafoetida, cardamom, chillies, dry, chillies, \ngreen, cloves, dry, cloves, green, coriander, cumin seeds, fenugreek \nseeds, garlic, dry, ginger, fresh, lime peel, m... | [
-0.058227043598890305,
0.002048391615971923,
0.004797134082764387,
0.07893969118595123,
0.07174567878246307,
0.08150134980678558,
-0.020914675667881966,
-0.03753582388162613,
-0.022373361513018608,
-0.030887341126799583,
0.0906597226858139,
-0.06741250306367874,
-0.012666130438446999,
-0.1... |
seeds, garlic, dry, ginger, fresh, lime peel, mace, mango powder, \nnutmeg, nutmeg rind, omum, pepper, dry, pepper, green, peppali, \npoppy seeds, tamarind pulp, turmeric.\nPoultry, meat & sea foods\nNutrient composition for fish sea foods is mean of fish sea foods, air, \nanchovy, bacha, bam, baspata machli, bata, sma... | [
-0.06330741941928864,
-0.014905810356140137,
-0.011283216997981071,
0.022706883028149605,
0.03749706596136093,
0.09850206971168518,
-0.00724582327529788,
0.009823898784816265,
-0.04878491535782814,
-0.08006402105093002,
0.12076438218355179,
-0.11358211934566498,
-0.03552060201764107,
-0.09... |
anchovy, bacha, bam, baspata machli, bata, small varieties, beley, \nbhanger, fresh, bhangan bata, bhekti fresh, bhola, big jawed jumper, ANNEXURE IV\nVarious foods categorized under different food groups\nICMR-National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians | [
0.004389238078147173,
-0.01745924912393093,
-0.04913708567619324,
0.07125543057918549,
-0.10885793715715408,
0.0364929623901844,
-0.018279125913977623,
-0.04169265925884247,
-0.09992723166942596,
0.0074846334755420685,
0.1256496012210846,
-0.14141136407852173,
-0.0654802992939949,
-0.04676... |
128boal, blue mussel, cat fish, chela, chital crab muscle, crab small, folui, \nghol, goggler, herring, Indian, herring ox-eyed, hilsa, horse ,mackerel, \nIndian whiting, jew fish (kora), jew fish (pallikora), kalabasu, \nKatla, khorsula, khoyra fresh, koi, koocha machli, lata, lobster, | [
0.033272501081228256,
0.054387569427490234,
0.008633032441139221,
-0.019597752019762993,
-0.10713274776935577,
0.018607400357723236,
0.05903476104140282,
-0.03954875469207764,
-0.09108861535787582,
-0.01691286824643612,
0.059535540640354156,
-0.14286063611507416,
-0.020655939355492592,
-0.... |
Katla, khorsula, khoyra fresh, koi, koocha machli, lata, lobster, \nmackerel, magur, mahasole, mrigal, mullet, mussel, fresh water, oil \nsardine, pabda, parsey fresh, pomfrets, black, pomfrets, white, \nprawn, puti, ravas, ray, ribbon fish fresh, rohu, sardine, sarputi, shark, | [
-0.00792236253619194,
-0.026808353140950203,
0.007979570887982845,
0.00820909719914198,
-0.050156861543655396,
0.029904374852776527,
0.021954094991087914,
-0.09336887300014496,
-0.08221470564603806,
-0.054940979927778244,
0.110634945333004,
-0.10599913448095322,
-0.04064612090587616,
-0.02... |
seer, silver belly, singhala, singhi, sole, sole (malahar), surmai fresh, \ntartoor, tengra fresh, tunny, white bait.\nNutrient composition for dry fish is mean of bhagon dried, bhekti \ndried, bombay duck, dried, chela dried, chingri small dried, chingri \ngoda, dried, khoyra dried, mandeli, dried, mutijella, dried,... | [
-0.04987934231758118,
-0.019905399531126022,
-0.02703295648097992,
0.011322388425469398,
-0.006562081631273031,
0.042184896767139435,
0.04187258705496788,
0.02020850032567978,
-0.1079641655087471,
-0.09138917177915573,
0.11063198000192642,
-0.1698836088180542,
-0.06607470661401749,
-0.0401... |
goda, dried, khoyra dried, mandeli, dried, mutijella, dried, parsey \ndried, ribbon fish dried, shrimp (small, dried), surmai dried, tapra \n(dried), tapsi (dried), tengra dried.Nutrient composition for meat & chicken is mean of beef muscle, \nbuffalo meat, duck, finch, fowl, goat meat (lean), grey quail, mutton, | [
-0.01410736981779337,
-0.024760067462921143,
-0.0020938401576131582,
-0.005778412334620953,
-0.03955887258052826,
0.025191597640514374,
0.028633594512939453,
-0.0758165642619133,
-0.04812018945813179,
-0.05194290354847908,
0.06536544114351273,
-0.10475029796361923,
-0.054594557732343674,
0... |
muscle, pigeon, pork, muscle, ruff and reeve.\nMilk & milk products\nNutrient composition for milk is mean of milk ass's, milk buffalo's, \nmilk cow's, milk goat's, curds (cow's milk), butter milk, skimmed milk, \nliquid.\nNutrient composition for milk products is mean of channa, cow's \nmilk, channa, buffalo's, cheese... | [
0.025256726890802383,
-0.10936135053634644,
-0.015833541750907898,
0.01358180120587349,
-0.03884824737906456,
0.06411771476268768,
-0.015466194599866867,
0.053505994379520416,
-0.04094264283776283,
-0.06847374141216278,
0.09290434420108795,
-0.08554312586784363,
-0.013706034049391747,
-0.0... |
milk, channa, buffalo's, cheese, khoa (whole buffalo milk), khoa \n(skimmed buffalo milk), khoa (whole cow milk), skimmed milk \npowder (cow's milk), whole milk powder (cow's milk).\nICMR-National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians | [
-0.015424059703946114,
-0.06131870672106743,
-0.04750591889023781,
0.034617070108652115,
-0.0396224781870842,
0.02536049112677574,
-0.018169689923524857,
0.006758415140211582,
-0.09207494556903839,
-0.04953337460756302,
0.07621026784181595,
-0.08798453956842422,
-0.090348981320858,
-0.0286... |
1. Improving Care and Promoting\nHealth in Populations: Standards\nof Care in Diabetes— 2024\nDiabetes Care 2024;47(Suppl. 1):S11 –S19 |https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S001American Diabetes Association\nProfessional Practice Committee *\nThe American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes ”in- | [
-0.00965625885874033,
0.001708424766547978,
-0.03659921884536743,
0.041679348796606064,
-0.0473366305232048,
0.07564328610897064,
-0.015337035059928894,
-0.0126876225695014,
-0.10169845074415207,
-0.03444168344140053,
-0.03394685313105583,
0.07542183995246887,
-0.09389523416757584,
-0.0492... |
cludes the ADA ’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to\nprovide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guide- | [
-0.03335719555616379,
0.01838347315788269,
-0.0729321762919426,
0.059027448296546936,
-0.039489809423685074,
0.01699492335319519,
0.06315609812736511,
0.0672183707356453,
-0.05895561724901199,
-0.0797213762998581,
-0.0518355667591095,
0.04908408969640732,
-0.09754706174135208,
0.0139217413... |
lines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA ProfessionalPractice Committee, a interprofessional expert committee, are responsible forupdating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a\ndetailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the | [
-0.09805896878242493,
-0.06306647509336472,
-0.05414736270904541,
0.05961943790316582,
-0.07942671328783035,
-0.0003354210639372468,
-0.02481040358543396,
0.09503371268510818,
-0.05275643244385719,
-0.013485665433108807,
-0.06448490917682648,
0.0011191386729478836,
-0.09133730083703995,
-0... |
evidence-grading system for ADA ’s clinical practice recommendations and a full\nlist of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introductionand Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care areinvited to do so at https://professional.diabetes.org/SOC.\nDIABETES AND POPULATION HEALT... | [
-0.029783863574266434,
0.006323972251266241,
-0.10203272849321365,
0.03880658373236656,
-0.042514171451330185,
0.0266610998660326,
0.015565895475447178,
0.1453695297241211,
-0.07210250198841095,
0.013307164423167706,
-0.03957175463438034,
0.019579069688916206,
-0.08932118117809296,
0.07119... |
DIABETES AND POPULATION HEALTH\nRecommendations\n1.1Ensure treatment decisions are timely, rely on evidence-based guidelines,\ncapture key elements within the social determinants of health, and are made | [
-0.010631049051880836,
0.04996319115161896,
-0.04473727568984032,
0.07537807524204254,
-0.024036703631281853,
0.0701427310705185,
0.03517252951860428,
0.057846155017614365,
-0.042636800557374954,
-0.018734080716967583,
-0.01657545380294323,
0.028595564886927605,
-0.07614212483167648,
-0.02... |
collaboratively with people with diabetes and care partners based on individualpreferences, prognoses, comorbidities, and informed financial considerations. B\n1.2Align approaches to diabetes management with the Chronic Care Model. This\nmodel emphasizes person-centered team care, integrated long-term treatment | [
-0.009661765769124031,
0.04525473713874817,
-0.06408841162919998,
0.04914381355047226,
-0.11206990480422974,
0.07035921514034271,
0.04496502876281738,
0.07869786769151688,
0.03430549055337906,
-0.053382374346256256,
-0.022793304175138474,
0.09736350923776627,
-0.035517849028110504,
-0.0022... |
approaches to diabetes and comorbidities, and ongoing collaborative communi-\ncation and goal setting between all team members. A\n1.3Care systems should facilitate in-person and virtual team-based care, in- | [
-0.020479926839470863,
0.0048332433216273785,
-0.09630157053470612,
-0.015328054316341877,
-0.048680614680051804,
0.03440267592668533,
0.03200973942875862,
0.03105282410979271,
0.013197338208556175,
-0.043278343975543976,
-0.035706885159015656,
0.01444910652935505,
-0.04239913448691368,
0.... |
clude those knowledgeable and experienced in diabetes management as partof the team, and utilize patient registries, decision support tools, and commu-nity involvement to meet needs of individuals with diabetes. B\n1.4Assess diabetes health care maintenance ( Table 4.1 ) using reliable and relevant | [
0.007943165488541126,
-0.00032256817212328315,
-0.03404242545366287,
0.009962562471628189,
-0.04826335608959198,
0.010868290439248085,
0.08387420326471329,
0.05281077325344086,
-0.08698472380638123,
0.005662378389388323,
-0.04828754812479019,
0.005443795118480921,
-0.02573028765618801,
-0.... |
data metrics to improve processes of care and health outcomes, with attention tocare costs, individual preferences and goals for care, and treatment burden. B\nPopulation health is de fined as “the health outcomes of a group of individuals, in-\ncluding the distribution of health outcomes within the group ”; these outco... | [
-0.00039382188697345555,
0.0051761288195848465,
-0.0374392531812191,
-0.03583664819598198,
-0.06990642100572586,
0.03958165645599365,
0.0044748177751898766,
0.07629852741956711,
-0.0040160659700632095,
0.0034895073622465134,
0.06020820513367653,
0.01711326092481613,
-0.007821355015039444,
... |
be measured in terms of health outcomes (mortality, morbidity, and functional sta-\ntus), disease burden (incidence and prevalence), and behavioral and metabolic fac-\ntors (physical activity, nutrition, A1C, etc.) (1). Clinical practice recommendations\nfor health care professionals are tools that can ultimately impro... | [
0.027432497590780258,
0.0057936194352805614,
-0.044769201427698135,
0.06626126915216446,
-0.09490419179201126,
0.04431653022766113,
-0.058543797582387924,
0.12069401890039444,
-0.057627540081739426,
-0.01478814147412777,
-0.0429762601852417,
-0.028912203386425972,
-0.07592923194169998,
-0.... |
populations; however, for optimal outcomes, diabetes care must also be individual-\nized for each person with diabetes and across their life span. Thus, efforts to improve\npopulation health will require a combination of policy-level, system-level, and*A complete list of members of the American | [
0.035632092505693436,
-0.008667751215398312,
-0.014130008406937122,
0.0022600628435611725,
-0.051081087440252304,
0.05969410389661789,
0.01160708162933588,
0.014520038850605488,
-0.0706133171916008,
-0.008755946531891823,
-0.03831695765256882,
0.052851468324661255,
-0.051714956760406494,
-... |
Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committeecan be found at https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-SINT.\nDuality of interest information for each author is\navailable at https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-SDIS.\nSuggested citation: American Diabetes Association\nProfessional Practice Committee. 1. Improving careand promoting ... | [
0.008556874468922615,
-0.004169782157987356,
-0.0683325007557869,
0.06599553674459457,
-0.03445257619023323,
0.07073359936475754,
-0.027163881808519363,
0.054331179708242416,
-0.04544346034526825,
-0.014782434329390526,
-0.046324193477630615,
0.05493991822004318,
-0.11922065168619156,
-0.0... |
of Care in Diabetes —2024. Diabetes Care 2024;\n47(Suppl. 1):S11– S19\n© 2023 by the American Diabetes Association.Readers may use this article as long as thework is properly cited, the use is educationaland not for pro fit, and the work is not altered. | [
-0.06488125026226044,
0.04313170537352562,
-0.04316661134362221,
0.00960528664290905,
-0.051933664828538895,
0.06898457556962967,
0.01344147976487875,
0.054565854370594025,
-0.03315294161438942,
-0.048916030675172806,
-0.0794457197189331,
0.13359807431697845,
-0.042588286101818085,
-0.0488... |
More information is available at https://www.diabetesjournals.org/journals/pages/license.1. IMPROVING CARE AND PROMOTING HEALTHDiabetes Care Volume 47, Supplement 1, January 2024 S11\n©AmericanDiabetesAssociation | [
0.03631747141480446,
-0.022620178759098053,
-0.0658341646194458,
0.04806523770093918,
-0.02697617933154106,
0.055911626666784286,
-0.011474397033452988,
0.02670903690159321,
-0.09819457679986954,
-0.033345334231853485,
-0.05776556581258774,
0.11253174394369125,
-0.050290804356336594,
-0.05... |
person-level approaches. With such an\nintegrated approach in mind, the Ameri-can Diabetes Association (ADA) high-\nlights the importance of person-centered\ncare, de fined as care that considers an in-\ndividual ’s comorbidities and prognoses; is\nrespectful of and responsive to individualpreferences, needs, and values... | [
0.00130988541059196,
0.01356337871402502,
-0.09954921156167984,
0.028265448287129402,
-0.04734072461724281,
0.03062225878238678,
0.09604012221097946,
0.11912759393453598,
-0.025896945968270302,
-0.03182844817638397,
-0.010821500793099403,
0.05330399051308632,
-0.10085263103246689,
-0.00886... |
sures that the individual ’s values guide all\nclinical decisions (2). Furthermore, wider\nsocial determinants of health (SDOH) —\noften out of direct control of the individ-ual and potentially representing lifelong\nrisk—contribute to health care and psy-\nchosocial outcomes and must be ad-\ndressed to improve all hea... | [
0.04575936123728752,
0.07510745525360107,
-0.035208068788051605,
-0.044552478939294815,
-0.0517888180911541,
0.08130905032157898,
-0.004127368796616793,
0.021659553050994873,
-0.06346667557954788,
0.025888966396450996,
0.04406600445508957,
0.014416677877306938,
-0.0679951012134552,
-0.0502... |
dressed to improve all health outcomes\n(3). Clinical practice recommendations,\nwhether based on evidence or expert opin-\nion, are intended to guide an overall ap-\nproach to care. The science and art ofhealth care come together when the clini-\ncian makes treatment decisions for a per-\nson who may not meet the elig... | [
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0.09470745176076889,
0.05245684087276459,
-0.01874118112027645,
-0.061192113906145096,
0.018589861690998077,
0.052932560443878174,
0.012106895446777344,
-0.048734359443187714,
-0.00021347669826354831,
0.02257673442363739,
0.009671996347606182,
-0.04334239289164543,
-... |
son who may not meet the eligibility\ncriteria used in the studies on which guide-\nlines are based. Recognizing that one sizedoes not fit all, the standards presented\nhere provide guidance for when and howto adapt recommendations for an individ-ual. This section provides guidance for\nhealth care professionals as well... | [
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health care professionals as well as health\nsystems, payers, and policymakers.\nStatus and Demographics of Diabetes\nCare\nThe proportion of people with diabetes\nwho achieve recommended A1C, blood\npressure, and LDL cholesterol levels has\nfluctuated over the years, with some | [
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fluctuated over the years, with some\nimprovement over time (4). Glycemicmanagement and management of cho-lesterol through dietary intake remain\nchallenging. In 2015 –2018, just 50.5%\nof U.S. community-dwelling adults withdiabetes achieved A1C <7% and 75.4%\nachieved A1C <8%. The goal blood pres-\nsure of <130/80 mmHg... | [
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sure of <130/80 mmHg was achieved by\njust 47.7% adults with diabetes, while\n70.4% achieved blood pressure <140/90\nmmHg. Lipid control, then defi ned as\nnon-HDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL, was\nachieved by 55.7% adults with diabetes,\nand all three risk factors were controlled\nby just 22.2%. Importantly, many people\nwh... | [
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who did not attain A1C, blood pressure,\nand lipid goals are not receiving any oradequate pharmacotherapy for glycemic,\nhypertension, and dyslipidemia manage-\nment, respectively, which underscores thevital and urgent need for care delivery\nsystems to engage and support peopleliving with diabetes. Certain segments of | [
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the population, such as young adults andindividuals with complex comorbidities,financial or other social hardships, and/or\nlimited English pro ficiency, as well as indi-\nviduals in ethnic minority populations,face particular challenges to goal-basedcare (5– 7). A U.S. population –based study | [
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based on the National Health and NutritionExamination Survey (NHANES) showed that\nyounger people with diabetes, individuals\nwho are Mexican American or non-HispanicBlack, those with lower level of educationalattainment, and those who are underin-sured are most likely to be undertreated,\nparticularly for glycemic con... | [
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particularly for glycemic control (4). The\npersistent variability in the quality of diabe-t e sc a r ea c r o s sh e a l t hc a r ep r o f e s s i o n a l sand practice settings indicates that sub-stantial system-level improvements are\nstill needed.\nDiabetes and its associated health\ncomplications pose a signi fican... | [
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complications pose a signi ficant finan-\ncial burden to individuals and society. It\nis estimated that the annual cost of di-agnosed diabetes in the U.S. in 2022\nwas $413 billion, including $307 billion\nin direct health care costs and $106 bil-lion in reduced productivity. After ad-justing for in flation, the economic ... | [
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of diabetes increased by 7% between\n2017 and 2022 and by 35% from 2012\nto 2022 (8). This is attributed to the in-creased prevalence of diabetes and theincreased cost per person with diabetes.People living with diabetes also face fi- | [
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nancial hardship, which is correlatedwith higher A1C, diabetes distress, anddepressive symptoms (9). Therefore, on-going population health strategies likethe Chronic Care Model (CCM) are needed\nto reduce costs to the health care system\nand to people with diabetes and to pro-vide optimized care.\nChronic Care Model | [
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Chronic Care Model\nNumerous interventions to promote therecommended standards have been im-\nplemented. However, a major barrier to\noptimal care is a delivery system that isoften fragmented, lacks clinical informa-tion capabilities, duplicates services, andis poorly designed for the coordinated\ndelivery of chronic c... | [
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delivery of chronic care. The CCM is a\ncommonly used framework for describ-ing diabetes care programs (10).\nSix Core Elements. The CCM includes six\ncore elements to optimize the care ofpeople with chronic disease:1. Delivery system design (moving from | [
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ar e a c t i v et oap r o a c t i v ec a r ed e l i v -ery system where planned visits arecoordinated through a team-based\napproach)\n2. Self-management support\n3. Decision support, particularly at the\npoint of care during a clinical en-counter (basing care on evidence-\nbased, effective care guidelines)\n4. Clinica... | [
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4. Clinical information systems (using\nregistries that can provide person-\nspeci fic and population-based sup-\nport to the care team)\n5. Community resources and policies\n(identifying or developing resourcesto support healthy lifestyles)\n6. Health systems (to create a quality-\noriented culture)\nA 5-year effective... | [
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oriented culture)\nA 5-year effectiveness study of the\nCCM in 53,436 people with type 2 diabe-tes in the primary care setting suggestedthat the use of this model of care deliv-\nery reduced the cumulative incidence\nof diabetes-related complications andall-cause mortality (11). Individuals who\nwere enrolled in the CC... | [
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-... |
were enrolled in the CCM experienced a\nreduction in cardiovascular disease riskby 56.6%, microvascular complications by11.9%, and mortality by 66.1% (11). In\naddition, another study suggested that\nhealth care utilization was lower in theCCM group, which resulted in health care\nsavings of $7,294 per individual over ... | [
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savings of $7,294 per individual over the\nstudy period (12).\nRedefining the roles of the health care\ndelivery team and empowering self-\nmanagement of people with diabetes\nare fundamental to the successful imple-mentation of the CCM (13). Collabora-tive, interprofessional teams are best\nsuited to provide care for p... | [
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suited to provide care for people with\nchronic conditions such as diabetes andto facilitate individuals ’self-management\n(14–16). There are references to guide\nthe implementation of the CCM into dia-betes care delivery, including opportuni-ties and challenges (17).\nStrategies for System-Level Improvement | [
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Strategies for System-Level Improvement\nOptimal diabetes management requiresan organized, systematic approach andthe involvement of a coordinated team\nof dedicated health care professionals\nworking in an environment where per-son-centered, high-quality care is a pri-ority (7,17 –19). While many diabetes | [
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care processes have improved nation-ally in the past decade, the overallS12 Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations Diabetes Care Volume 47, Supplement 1, January 2024\n©AmericanDiabetesAssociation | [
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quality of care for people with diabetes\nremains suboptimal (4). Efforts to in-crease the quality of diabetes care includeproviding care that is concordant withevidence-based guidelines (20); expanding\nthe role of teams to implement more in- | [
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the role of teams to implement more in-\ntensive disease management strategies(7,16,21,22); tracking medication-takingbehavior at a systems level (23); rede-\nsigning the organization of the care pro-\ncess (24); implementing electronic healthrecord (EHR) tools (25,26); empoweringand educating people with diabetes | [
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(27,28); removing financial barriers and\nreducing patient out-of-pocket costs for\ndiabetes education, eye exams, diabetestechnology, and essential medications\n(7,29); leveraging telehealth capabilities | [
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(7,29); leveraging telehealth capabilities\nto improve access to care (30); assess-ing and addressing psychosocial issues(31,32); and identifying, developing, andengaging community resources and pub-\nlic policies that support healthy lifestyles | [
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lic policies that support healthy lifestyles\n(33). The National Diabetes Education Pro-gram maintains an online resource (cdc.gov/diabetes/professional-info/training.\nhtml) to help health care professionals\ndesign and implement more effectivehealth care delivery systems for thosewith diabetes. Given the pluralistic ... | [
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of people with diabetes and that the\nconstant challenges they experience varyover the course of disease management(complex insulin treatment plans, new\ntechnology, etc.), a diverse team with\ncomplementary expertise is consistentlyrecommended (34).\nCare Teams\nThe care team, which centers around\nthe person with dia... | [
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the person with diabetes, should avoid\ntherapeutic inertia and prioritize timelyand appropriate intensi fication of be-\nhavior change (nutrition and physicalactivity) and/or pharmacologic therapy\nfor individuals who have not achieved\nthe recommended metabolic goals (35 –37). | [
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the recommended metabolic goals (35 –37).\nStrategies shown to improve care teambehavior and thereby catalyze reductions\nin A1C, blood pressure, and/or LDL cho-\nlesterol include engaging in explicit andcollaborative goal setting with peoplewith diabetes (38,39); integrating evi-\ndence-based guidelines and clinical i... | [
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dence-based guidelines and clinical infor-\nmation tools into the process of care(20,40,41); identifying and addressinglanguage, numeracy, or cultural barriersto care (41 –43); soliciting performance | [
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feedback, setting reminders, and providingstructured care (e.g., guidelines, formalcase management, and patient educationresources) (7); and incorporating caremanagement teams including nurses,dietitians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals (21,42). In addition,\ninitiatives such as the Patient-Centered | [
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initiatives such as the Patient-Centered\nMedical Home can improve health out-comes by fostering comprehensive pri-mary care and offering new opportunities\nfor team-based chronic disease manage-\nment (43,44).\nTelehealth\nTelehealth is a growing field that may in-\ncrease access to care for people with diabe-\ntes. Th... | [
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tes. The American Telemedicine Association\ndefines telemedicine as the use of medical\ninformation exchanged from one site to an-other via electronic communications to\nimprove a patient ’s clinical health status.\nTelehealth includes a growing variety of\napplications and services using two-wayvideo, smartphones, wire... | [
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-0.02410... |
other forms of telecommunications tech-\nnology (45). Often used interchangeablywith telemedicine, telehealth describes abroader range of digital health services inhealth care delivery (46). This includes\nsynchronous, asynchronous, and remote\npatient monitoring.\nTelehealth should be used comple- | [
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patient monitoring.\nTelehealth should be used comple-\nmentary to in-person visits to optimizeglycemic management in people with un-\nmanaged diabetes (47). Increasingly, evi-\ndence suggests that various telehealthmodalities may facilitate reducing A1C inpeople with type 2 diabetes compared\nwith usual care or in add... | [
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with usual care or in addition to usual\ncare (48), and findings suggest that tele-\nmedicine is a safe method of deliveringcare for people with type 1 diabetes in\nrural areas (49). For rural populations\nor those with limited physical access tohealth care, telemedicine has a growingbody of evidence for its effectivene... | [
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particularly with regard to glycemic man-\nagement as measured by A1C (30,50 –52).\nIn addition, evidence supports the effec-tiveness of telehealth in diabetes, hyper-tension, and dyslipidemia interventions\n(53) as well as the telehealth delivery of | [
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(53) as well as the telehealth delivery of\nmotivational interviewing (54). Interactivestrategies that facilitate communicationbetween health care professionals and\npeople with diabetes, including the use of\nweb-based portals or text messaging andthose that incorporate medication adjust-ment, appear more effective. T... | [
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and other virtual environments can also be\nused to offer diabetes self-managementeducation and clinical support and removegeographic and transportation barriers forindividuals living in under-resourced areas\nor with disabilities (55). Telehealth resour-\nces can also have a role in addressing the\nSDOH in young adult... | [
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SDOH in young adults with diabetes (56).\nHowever, limited data are available on theeffectiveness across different populations\n(57).\nBehaviors and Well-being\nSuccessful diabetes care also requires a sys-tematic approach to supporting the behavior-\nchange efforts of people with diabetes.High-quality diabetes self-ma... | [
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-0.004236406181007624,
-0.08613625913858414,
-0.0... |
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