0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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acids\t(LCPUFA),\tprotein,\tzinc,\tiron,\tphosphorus,\tpotassium,\tcalcium,\tmagnesium,\tvitamins\tA\tand\tD,\nfolate,\triboflavin,\tand\tcholine\t(\nMonk\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nRai\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tEven\toverweight\tand\tobese\twomen\ncan\thave\tlow\tnutrient\tintakes\tand,\tin\tsome\tstudies,\thave\tbeen\tseen\tto\t... | [
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vulnerable\tthan\tother\tpregnant\twomen\t(\nDubois\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tAlthough\tcurrent\tpublic\thealth\nrecommendations\tprimarily\tpromote\tfolic\tacid\tsupplementation,\tmany\tother\tnutrients\tare\talso\nimportant\tin\tthe\tpericonceptual\tperiod.\tMicronutrient\tsupplementation\tcan\timprove\tmaternal\n\tstatus | [
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status\nbut\tmay\tnot\timprove\tchild\thealth\toutcomes\tif\tstarted\tafter\tconception\t(\nStephenson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tHow\nmuch\tbefore\tconception\tthis\tsupplementation\tis\tneeded\tis\tunknown\tand\tlikely\tvaries\tby\tmaternal\nnutrient\tstatus.\tOptimal\tnutrient\tintakes\tare\tassociated\twith\tlower\trisk\t... | [
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(\nlow\tbirth\tweight\t[LBW]\n\tor\t\nsmall\tfor\tgestational\tage\t[SGA]\n)\tor\tpreterm\tbirths\t(\nTable\t14.1\n).\nThus\n\ta\tpreconceptual\tmultivitamin-multimineral\tsupplement\tmay\tconfer\tmore\tbenefit\tthan\tsingle\nsupplements\tfor\ta\tpregnant\twoman,\tor\t\ngravida\n,\tespecially\tin\tthe\tcontext\tof\tlow... | [
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,\tespecially\tin\tthe\tcontext\tof\tlow\tbackground\tfood\nintake.\nTABLE\t14.1\nExamples\tof\tNutrients\tLikely\tImportant\tin\tthe\tPericonceptual\tPeriod:\tPreconception\tThrough\nOrganogenesis\nSystem\tor\tFunction\nNutrients\nBrain\tand\tnervous\tsystem\nIron,\tzinc,\tiodine,\tLCPUFA,\n\tvitamins\tA,\tB\n6\n,\tB\... | [
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0.04663202911615372,
0.09298954159021378,
0.05686283856630325,
0.0012811743654310703,
0.04977457970380783,
0.11726632714271545,
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0.051163434982299805,
0.032564... |
,\tB\n12\n,\tfolic\tacid,\tcopper,\tprotein,\nselenium\nPlacental\tfunction\tand\nstructure\nIron,\tLCPUFA,\tvitamins\tE,\tC,\tB\n12\n,\tzinc,\tselenium,\tcopper,\tomega-3\tPUFA,\nfolate\nInflammation\tand\timmune\nfunction\nVitamins\tA,\tD,\tzinc,\tfatty\tacids\nOxidative\tstress\nVitamins\tC,\tE,\tB\n6\n,\tB\n12\n,\t... | [
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0.06211812421679497,
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0.008118066936731339,
0.0923498123884201,
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0.032966554164886475,
0.04... |
,\tfolic\tacid\nEmbryogenesis\nVitamins\tA,\tB\n6\n,\tB\n12\n,\tfolic\tacid,\tzinc\nAdapted\tfrom\tCetin\tI\tet\tal:\tRole\tof\tmicronutrients\n\tin\tthe\tpericonceptional\tperiod,\t\nHum\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:80,\t2010;\tMonk\tC\tet\tal:\tResearch\treview:\nmaternal\tprenatal\tdistress\tand\tpoor\tnutrition—mutually\t... | [
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0.026049040257930756,
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-0.06008606404066086,
0.03002636879682541,
0.06610096246004105,
0.07441074401140213,
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0.04497364163398743,
0.11396118998527527,
-0.06331497430801392,
0.05340128764510155,
0.040... |
J\tChild\tPsychol\nPsychiatry\n\t54:115,\t2013;\tRamakrishnan\tU\tet\tal:\tEffect\tof\twomen’s\tnutrition\tbefore\tand\tduring\tearly\tpregnancy\ton\tmaternal\tand\tinfant\toutcomes:\ta\nsystematic\treview,\t\nPaediatr\tPerinat\tEpidemiol\n\t26:285,\t2012.\nLCPUFA\n,\tLong-chain\tpolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids;\t\nPUFA\... | [
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0.000364958104910329,
0.045176587998867035,
0.06618644297122955,
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0.011959454976022243,
0.08288346230983734,
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PUFA\n,\tpolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids.\nPreconception\teducational\tprograms\tfor\tboth\tparents\tare\tpromoted,\tbut\tevidence\tof\teffectiveness\nand\tbenefit\tis\tinconsistent.\tThere\tis\talso\tlittle\tevidence\tfor\twhich\tinterventions\tare\tmost\teffective\n(\nGoldstein\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tHowever,\tit\tappears... | [
0.01831931248307228,
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0.11725790798664093,
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0.03422487527132034,
0.002224987... |
may\tbe\tmore\teffective\tin\npromoting\tchange\tthan\tthose\ttargeting\tsmoking\tand\talcohol\tcessation\t(\nTemel\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tIn\naddition,\tthese\tprograms\tare\ttargeted\tat\tthose\tplanning\tpregnancies,\tnot\tthe\tgeneral\tpublic,\tand\nlikely\twon’t\tresonate\twith\tmany.\tEven\tif\tthese\tprograms\tcoul... | [
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0.04838462173938751,
0.1075594499707222,
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0.05770118907094002,
0.00105... |
50%\tof\tpregnancies\tthat\tare\tunplanned,\tthe\tissues\tthat\tcan\tbe\taddressed\tquickly\t(smoking,\n\talcohol\nuse,\tvitamin\tsupplementation,\tcaffeine,\tetc.)\tare\tlimited.\tBecause\tsome\tpreconceptual\tissues,\nincluding\tobesity\tand\tharmful\tdietary\tpatterns,\trequire\tlong-term\tinterventions,\tthere\tare... | [
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0.06907530128955841,
0.09252657741308212,
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0.004917293321341276,
0.0187... |
more\tpublic\thealth\tor\tmarketing\tapproach\tto\timprove\tthe\thealth\tstatus\tof\tpotential\tparents\n(\nStephenson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nToxins\nScreening\twomen\tfor\talcohol,\ttobacco\t(including\te-cigarettes,\tvapors),\n\tand\trecreational\tdrug\tuse\tis\ncritical\tand\talso\tmay\tbe\timportant\tfor\toccupational... | [
0.011836167424917221,
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0.12379956990480423,
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0.018886826932430267,
0.0067282... |
Cannabis\tsativa\n)\tuse\nis\tnow\tlegalized\tin\tsome\tstates.\tIt\tdoes\tnot\tappear\tto\taffect\tsemen\tparameters\tbut\tthe\tprevalence\tof\ninfertility\tincreases\tamong\twomen\treporting\tmarijuana\tuse\t(\nPractice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tAnimal\nmodels\thave\tdemonstrated\tan\tincrease\tin\tbirth\tdefects\t(\nHe... | [
0.02041250467300415,
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0.018531518056988716,
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0.0527154840528965,
0.051447946578264236,
0.04979325085878372,
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0.02894551120698452,
0.07155229151248932,
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0.014... |
Hennessy,\t2018\n)\tbut\n\thuman\tstudies\tare\nconfounded\twith\tpolysubstance\tabuse\tand\toften\tignore\tthe\ttiming\tof\texposure\t(\nAmerican\tCollege\tof\nObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists\t[ACOG],\t2017a\n).\tIn\taddition,\tthe\tpotency\thas\tincreased\tover\ttime.\nThe\tchemicals\tcross\tthe\tplacenta\tand\tfet... | [
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0.017622334882616997,
0.059727467596530914,
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0.013060072436928749,
-0.0... |
Marijuana\tuse\taffects\tthe\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\tand\tanimal\tmodels\tshow\tit\tnegatively\n\taffects\tfetal\nbrain\tdevelopment.\tThe\tprevalence\tof\tSGA\tbabies\tand\tstillbirths\tboth\tincrease\tamong\tthose\tusing\nmarijuana\tand,\tif\tassociated\twith\tcigarette\tsmoking,\tmay\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tpre... | [
0.020246192812919617,
0.019017698243260384,
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0.07162576168775558,
0.10503996908664703,
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0.02896922267973423,
0.00710... |
ACOG,\n2017a\n;\t\nACOG,\t2018d\n).\tIn\tvitro\tstudies,\tusing\tfirst\ttrimester\tplacental\tvillous\tcells\tfrom\tterminated\npregnancies\ttransplanted\tto\ta\tnutrient\tmedium,\tdemonstrate\tpoor\tplacental\tgrowth\tand\tfunction,\nincluding\tlower\ttaurine\ttransport\tto\tthe\tfetus,\twhen\tthe\tfetus\tis\texposed\... | [
0.023371685296297073,
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0.07141809165477753,
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0.028764545917510986,
0.06886094808578491,
0.0005860628443770111,
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0.07005105167627335,
0.11803346872329712,
0.0094833979383111,
0.041042689234018326,
0.0019619... |
in\tearly\tpregnancy\t(\nLui\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tWomen\tmay\tbe\tat\trisk\tfor\tentering\tpregnancy\twith\ttoxic\tlevels\nof\tmercury,\tand\tthe\ttypes\tof\tfish\teaten\tshould\tbe\tdiscussed\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tOmega-3\tFatty\tAcids\tin\nPregnancy\tand\tLactation\n).\tThe\teffect\tof\tmaternal\tcaffeine\tintake\ton... | [
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0.06921771168708801,
0.11624705046415329,
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0.00021089888468850404,
0.02043... |
No\nincreased\trisk\tof\tmiscarriage\thas\tbeen\tseen\twith\tcaffeine\tconsumption\tless\tthan\t200\tmg/day,\tbut\nconsumption\tof\tmore\tthan\t500\tmg/day\tis\tassociated\twith\tdecreased\tfertility\t(\nPractice\tCommittee,\n2017\n).\tCaffeine\tis\tnot\ta\t\nteratogen\n\t(a\tsubstance\tthat\tcauses\tmalformation\tin\t... | [
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0.02826853282749653,
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0.04364573210477829,
0.04068630561232567,
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0.03139392286539078,
0.12940427660942078,
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0.0... |
and\tdoes\tnot\taffect\tsemen\tparameters\t(see\t\nAppendix\t25\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nOmega-3\tFatty\tAcids\tin\tPregnancy\tand\tLactation | [
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0.006659827660769224,
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0.08364138752222061,
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0.1445833444595337,
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Our\tancestors\tlikely\tconsumed\ta\tdiet\twith\tequal\tamounts\tof\tomega-3\tand\tomega-6\tfatty\tacids.\nAmerican\tdiets\tcurrently\tare\testimated\tto\tcontain\tmuch\thigher\tlevels\tof\tomega-6\tthan\tomega-3\nfatty\tacids.\tThis\tdramatic\tchange\tin\tthe\tratio\tis\tthought\tto\taffect\toverall\tdisease\tprevalen... | [
-0.003652517683804035,
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0.03097050078213215,
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0.006900060921907425,
0.07975239306688309,
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0.03515402972698212,
0.08005568385124207,
0.10678786039352417,
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0.004850439261645079,
-0.017660... |
well\tas\tpregnancy\toutcome.\tHowever,\tthere\tis\tno\tevidence\n\tthat\tthe\tabsolute\tamounts\tof\tessential\nfatty\tacids\t(EFA)\tprovided\tby\tany\tculture\tare\tinadequate\tfor\tthe\tplacenta,\tfetus,\tor\tinfant\tgrowth\n(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\t2011\n).\tAdequacy\tof\tEFA\tintake\tis\thighly\tindividual\tba... | [
0.016383318230509758,
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0.06844810396432877,
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0.08666151762008667,
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0.0806063786149025,
0.11763957887887955,
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0.00... |
intake,\tfood\taccess,\tand\tfood\tpreferences.\nFatty\tacids\tare\tfound\tin\tall\tcell\tmembranes.\tThe\tfetal\tbrain\tcontains\tequal\tamounts\tof\tomega-6\n(arachidonic\tacid)\tand\tomega-3\n\t(docosahexaenoic\tacid\t[DHA]).\tArachidonic\tacid\tintake\tis\tseldom\nlimited.\tThe\tomega-3s,\tprimarily\teicosapentaeno... | [
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neurodevelopment,\tvasodilation,\treduced\tinflammation,\tand\tthrombosis\tinhibition.\tAlthough\tEPA\nis\tthought\tto\tbe\tbeneficial,\tthe\tseparate\teffects\thave\tnot\tyet\tbeen\ttested\tbecause\tpurified\tEPA\nsupplements\tare\tonly\trecently\tavailable.\nDHA\tis\n\timportant\tfor\tthe\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\to... | [
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0.10875661671161652,
0.12867432832717896,
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0.048838... |
retina.\tIt\tmay\tplay\ta\tbeneficial\trole\tin\tthe\tfetal\timmune\tfunction\tand\tmay\thelp\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\nfood\tallergy\t(\nLarqué\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tDHA\tmay\talso\tbe\thelpful\tregarding\tbirth\tweight,\tas\twell\tas\nmaternal\tdepression.\tThere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tsupplementing\tall\tpregnant\two... | [
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0.026585176587104797,
0.08192773908376694,
0.001988472882658243,
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0.09382613748311996,
0.12241388112306595,
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0.02796180173754692,
0.027303... |
may\tbe\ta\tcost-effective\tway\n\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tearly\tpreterm\tdelivery\t(\nShireman\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tA\nrecent\tCochrane\treview\tfound\tthat\tincreased\toverall\tintake\tof\tthe\tomega-3\tlong-chain\npolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids\t(LCPUFAs)\t(from\tfood\tor\tsupplements)\treduced\tthe\trisk\tof\tboth... | [
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0.023968329653143883,
0.009147507138550282,
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0.03326306492090225,
0.11681661754846573,
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0.0055... |
preterm\t(<\t37\tweeks)\tand\tearly\tpreterm\t(<\t34\tweeks)\tbirths\t(\nMiddleton\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tCochrane\nalso\tconcluded\tthat\tmore\tresearch\tis\tneeded\tto\tdetermine\tthe\n\tlong-term\teffects\ton\tmother\tand\nchild;\tto\tdetermine\tthe\tmetabolic\tand\tneurodevelopment\tpathways;\tand\tto\tdetermine\twhet... | [
0.019058462232351303,
-0.015183612704277039,
0.07736622542142868,
-0.03995498642325401,
-0.11329986155033112,
0.016765862703323364,
0.05584538355469704,
0.006955904886126518,
-0.011787906289100647,
0.05056506022810936,
0.1113242506980896,
-0.035789307206869125,
0.025984004139900208,
0.0064... |
and\thow,\tthe\toutcomes\tvary\tby\tthe\tdifferent\ttypes\tof\tomega-3\tfatty\tacids,\tas\twell\tas\tthe\teffects\tof\nthe\ttiming,\tdosage,\tand\tcharacteristics\tof\twomen.\nDHA\tis\tselectively\tand\tpreferentially\ttransferred\tacross\tthe\tplacenta\t(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\n2011\n).\tFetal\tDHA\taccretion\tis\... | [
0.010170348919928074,
-0.043635476380586624,
0.04350944235920906,
0.0052610705606639385,
-0.13795925676822662,
0.01944429986178875,
0.05960306525230408,
-0.005775689147412777,
-0.013514118269085884,
0.05339570716023445,
0.11204083263874054,
-0.03582596778869629,
0.007464457303285599,
-0.01... |
highest\tin\tthe\tlast\thalf\tof\tpregnancy,\treaching\t30\tto\t45\tmg/day\tin\nthe\tlast\ttrimester\t(\nKoletzko\tet\tal,\t2007\n),\tprimarily\tto\tthe\tbrain\tand\tadipose\ttissue,\tand\tin\tthe\tfirst\nfew\tmonths\tof\tlife.\tDHA\tmust\tbe\tmobilized\tfrom\tmaternal\tstores\tor\tthe\tprenatal\tdiet\tmust\tinclude | [
-0.012854152359068394,
-0.02621188387274742,
0.041032254695892334,
-0.014215122908353806,
-0.11275657266378403,
0.027614502236247063,
0.08908291906118393,
0.07671165466308594,
-0.0439397357404232,
0.054349422454833984,
0.09550902992486954,
-0.02261326275765896,
-0.007994301617145538,
-0.01... |
adequate\tamounts\tof\tpreformed\tDHA.\tTransfer\trates\tare\thighly\tvariable\tand\tare\tlower\tamong\nwomen\twith\tobesity,\tpreeclampsia,\thypertension,\n\tand\tdiabetes\t(type\t1,\ttype\t2,\tand\tgestational\ndiabetes)\t(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\t2011\n).\tWomen\twho\tsmoke\tand\thave\tgrowth\trestricted\tfetuses | [
0.019138136878609657,
-0.013185306452214718,
0.06669159978628159,
-0.0018938645953312516,
-0.07738512754440308,
0.008330462500452995,
0.08674657344818115,
0.044260140508413315,
-0.052499618381261826,
0.062099725008010864,
0.07353680580854416,
-0.00622535590082407,
-0.014615685679018497,
0.... |
).\tWomen\twho\tsmoke\tand\thave\tgrowth\trestricted\tfetuses\nalso\thave\tlower\ttransfer\trates.\tIt\tis\tthought\tthat\tshort\tinterconceptual\tperiods\tmay\tcause\ta\nmother\tto\tenter\ta\tsubsequent\tpregnancy\tdepleted.\tThe\tamount\tof\tDHA\tin\tthe\tblood\tthat\toptimizes\nmaternal\tand\tinfant\toutcomes,\tas\t... | [
0.052342768758535385,
-0.019808225333690643,
0.08275698870420456,
0.0045529683120548725,
-0.11330225318670273,
0.014484275132417679,
0.07517896592617035,
-0.023273523896932602,
-0.0016448621172457933,
0.10140783339738846,
0.14784987270832062,
-0.05355694890022278,
0.029410194605588913,
-0.... |
that\tlevel,\tis\tstill\tunknown.\nAn\taverage\tdaily\tintake\tof\t200\tmg\tDHA\tduring\tpregnancy\tand\tlactation\tcurrently\tis\nrecommended,\tbut\tstudies\tare\tunderway\ttesting\tthe\tbenefit\tof\tlarger\tamounts\t(\nCarlson\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tCurrent\tintakes\tare\toften\tfar\tlower.\tIntakes\tof\tup\tto\t1\tg/da... | [
-0.028214162215590477,
-0.004063064698129892,
0.07157618552446365,
-0.03292008861899376,
-0.0832093209028244,
0.05100115388631821,
0.07439833134412766,
0.006205343175679445,
0.008967055939137936,
0.034125398844480515,
0.11428849399089813,
-0.024348562583327293,
0.022658685222268105,
0.0069... |
omega-3\tPUFAs\tappear\tsafe\t(\nKoletzko\tet\tal,\t2007\n).\tThe\tmain\tfood\tsource\tof\tDHA\tis\tfatty,\tcold-\nwater\n\tfish,\tand\ta\tcouple\tof\tmeals\tper\tweek\tof\tlow-mercury\tfish\tduring\tpregnancy\tprovide\nadequate\tamounts\tof\tDHA.\tThose\tfish\tthat\tare\tlow\tin\tmethylmercury\tbut\thigh\tin\tDHA\tinc... | [
-0.05540107563138008,
-0.038635775446891785,
0.008495909161865711,
-0.019031474366784096,
-0.051493436098098755,
0.018044110387563705,
0.047831784933805466,
0.05628504604101181,
-0.027297355234622955,
-0.0038632501382380724,
0.09890614449977875,
-0.07875780761241913,
-0.015867330133914948,
... |
salmon,\tsardines,\ttrout,\therring,\tanchovies,\tand\tmackerel\t(not\tKing\tmackerel).\tCaviar\tand\tbrains\n(do\tnot\tuse\twhere\tprion\tcontamination\tis\tof\tconcern)\tare\talso\tparticularly\thigh\tin\tDHA.\tOther\nfoods\talso\tmay\tbe\tused,\tdepending\n\ton\tlocal\tavailability\tand\tacceptability\tof\tsafe\tsou... | [
0.0021127359941601753,
-0.05106768757104874,
0.06407676637172699,
0.00243993173353374,
-0.060820192098617554,
0.01883777603507042,
0.10398765653371811,
-0.020404735580086708,
-0.055393997579813004,
0.020012609660625458,
0.06852796673774719,
-0.06746784597635269,
0.02201632782816887,
0.0005... |
the\tlocal\tfood\tcomposition\ttables\tfor\toptions.\nVegetable\tsources\tof\tomega-3\tfats\t(alpha-linolenic\tacid\t[ALA])\tinclude\tflaxseeds\tand\tnuts,\nespecially\twalnuts.\tThe\tconversion\trate\tto\tDHA\tis\tusually\tvery\tlow\tbut\timproves\tduring\npregnancy\t(\nBurdge\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tHowever,\tbiomagnific... | [
0.0005967153119854629,
-0.035650331526994705,
0.038018401712179184,
-0.04270249977707863,
-0.10488142818212509,
-0.011838031932711601,
0.06086808070540428,
-0.010618203319609165,
0.023661470040678978,
0.04183352738618851,
0.09570986032485962,
-0.031991973519325256,
0.019041379913687706,
0.... |
compensate\tfor\n\tthe\tabsence\tof\tpreformed\tEPA\tor\tDHA.\tDHA\tfortified\teggs\tcan\tbe\thelpful,\tbut\nother\tfortified\tfoods\tcontain\tvery\tlittle\tDHA.\tFoods\tlabeled\tas\tfortified\twith\tomega-3s\tlikely\ncontain\tALA.\tIn\tdietary\tsupplements,\talgae\tsource\tEPA\tand\tDHA\tis\tanother\tuseful\tvegetaria... | [
-0.04076739028096199,
0.042666275054216385,
-0.00003168287730659358,
-0.029940165579319,
-0.07146725058555603,
0.012167838402092457,
0.08025264739990234,
-0.0559505894780159,
-0.015577035956084728,
0.04990513622760773,
0.13917352259159088,
-0.10312338173389435,
0.06446415185928345,
-0.0246... |
option.\nAny\tpregnant\twoman\tallergic\tto\tfish\tshould\tseek\tan\talgal\tsource\tof\tsupplemental\tDHA.\tIt\tis\ncurrently\tunknown\tif\tEPA\tor\tother\n\tcomponents\t(e.g.,\tother\tfatty\tacids,\tvitamin\tD,\tiodine,\tand\nselenium)\tare\talso\timportant\t(\nOken\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tFish\toil\tsupplements\tcontain\... | [
-0.03959687054157257,
-0.00114495400339365,
0.041029732674360275,
-0.03369700536131859,
-0.06718894839286804,
0.021514149382710457,
0.10297450423240662,
-0.044891029596328735,
-0.02043997310101986,
0.03831670433282852,
0.10307914763689041,
-0.08591464161872864,
0.01592315174639225,
0.05339... |
Oken\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tFish\toil\tsupplements\tcontain\tEPA\tand\tDHA,\nalthough\tbetter\tlong-term\toutcomes\tare\tseen\twith\tfish\tconsumption\tthan\twith\tsupplements.\nCaution\tis\tadvised,\tthough,\twith\tthe\tfish\tliver\toils\t(such\tas\tcod\tliver\toil)\tbecause\tof\thigh\npreformed\tvitamin\tA\tlevels.\nThe... | [
-0.01117569301277399,
0.01899750903248787,
0.08149953931570053,
-0.07908450067043304,
-0.07505443692207336,
0.0012687583221122622,
0.08440465480089188,
-0.04463256895542145,
-0.03526882082223892,
0.05781303346157074,
0.07842695713043213,
-0.04639882594347,
0.057635534554719925,
0.005685004... |
preformed\tvitamin\tA\tlevels.\nThe\tbreastfed\tinfant\tobtains\tDHA\tthrough\n\tmaternal\tmilk\twhen\tthe\tmother\teats\tsufficient\nquantities\tof\tfoods\tcontaining\tDHA.\tIf\tthe\texclusively\tbreastfeeding\tmother\tis\tnot\tconsuming\tfish\nor\tDHA\tsupplements,\ta\tDHA\tsupplement\tcan\tbe\tgiven\tto\tthe\tinfant... | [
0.019849585369229317,
-0.05020307004451752,
0.04859239235520363,
-0.051791660487651825,
-0.10042954981327057,
0.011695030145347118,
0.04457111284136772,
-0.047562126070261,
-0.02676243893802166,
0.08550920337438583,
0.12867572903633118,
-0.08593551069498062,
0.07711520791053772,
-0.0061018... |
or\tchoose\tnot\tto\tbreastfeed,\tmost\tinfant\tformulas\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tare\tfortified\twith\tDHA.\nThere\tis\tno\tdietary\treference\tintake\t(DRI)\tfor\teither\tEPA\tor\tDHA\n\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\tThe\nbenefit\tof\tmaternal\tsupplementation\thas\tnot\tbeen\tproven\tas\tof\tyet\tand\tthere\tare\tpoten... | [
0.0017681499011814594,
-0.02768058143556118,
0.02924358658492565,
-0.05837898701429367,
-0.1110784262418747,
-0.008248690515756607,
0.05099743977189064,
0.009844972752034664,
0.03585544973611832,
0.07119005918502808,
0.07688514143228531,
-0.03779488429427147,
0.05186787247657776,
0.0568777... |
epigenetic\teffects\tthat\tmust\talso\tbe\tconsidered.\tMaternal\tfish\tconsumption\tis\tassociated\twith\nbetter\tchild\tneurodevelopment,\tat\tleast\tin\tobservational\tstudies\tsubject\tto\tconfounding.\tPerhaps\nsupplementation\tis\tmerited\tonly\tfor\tthose\twomen\twith\tvery\tlow\tintakes\tof\tLCPUFAs\tand/or\tfo... | [
0.011746230535209179,
-0.0744352638721466,
0.05344218760728836,
-0.0511850081384182,
-0.11833927780389786,
0.02086334116756916,
0.05574285238981247,
-0.019442066550254822,
-0.048090554773807526,
0.08957678824663162,
0.13203291594982147,
-0.10102792829275131,
0.026929881423711777,
0.0222661... |
premature\n\tinfants\twho\thad\tinsufficient\ttime\tto\taccumulate\tenough.\nPromoting\ta\tvariety\tof\tsafe\tseafood\tchoices\tis\tpreferable.\tWomen\thave\tconsumed\tless\tfish\tsince\nthe\tmercury\tadvisories\twere\tissued\t(\nMcGuire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThey\tmust\tbe\treassured\tthat\tfish\tcan | [
0.01495103444904089,
-0.03887511417269707,
0.08387261629104614,
-0.027814168483018875,
-0.10424423962831497,
0.03255508095026016,
0.049399927258491516,
0.016561849042773247,
-0.050339359790086746,
0.10320420563220978,
0.1197420284152031,
-0.0837630107998848,
-0.001036090892739594,
0.015250... |
McGuire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThey\tmust\tbe\treassured\tthat\tfish\tcan\nbe\teaten\tsafely\tas\ta\tgood\tprotein\tsource\tas\tlong\tas\tcare\tis\ttaken\tin\tchoosing\tand\tpreparing\tthe\nfish\t(see\t\nBox\t14.7\n).\tIf\tat\tleast\tsome\tof\tthe\thigh\tDHA\n\tsources\tare\tchosen,\tpregnancy\toutcomes,\tas | [
-0.03908999264240265,
-0.07787739485502243,
0.019892875105142593,
-0.06267085671424866,
-0.05979892238974571,
0.04874669387936592,
0.0544520765542984,
0.04487641155719757,
-0.021382858976721764,
-0.017921587452292442,
0.017176371067762375,
-0.027323715388774872,
-0.10634329169988632,
0.088... |
sources\tare\tchosen,\tpregnancy\toutcomes,\tas\nwell\tas\tinfant\tneurodevelopment\tand\tvisual\tacuity,\tmay\timprove.\tIn\taddition,\tif\twomen\teat\tthese\nfish\tduring\tpregnancy,\tthey\tare\talso\tlikely\tto\tcontinue\teating\tthem\tpostpartum,\timproving\tthe\nmaternal\trepletion\tand\tthe\tchild’s\tDHA\taccreti... | [
-0.014336271211504936,
-0.009048190899193287,
0.061435516923666,
-0.007551838178187609,
-0.07679611444473267,
0.03670894354581833,
0.03925957530736923,
0.0011836932972073555,
-0.0010820552706718445,
0.09901700913906097,
0.11019843071699142,
-0.08118703961372375,
0.01644080877304077,
-0.036... |
Exposure\tof\tmen\tand\twomen\tto\tenvironmental\tchemicals,\tincluding\tpesticides,\theavy\n\tmetals,\tand\norganic\tsolvents,\tis\tassociated\twith\tan\tincreased\ttime\tto\tpregnancy.\tHowever,\tmost\tstudies\tare\nplagued\twith\timportant\tconfounders\t(age,\tsmoking,\talcohol\tuse,\tparity,\tuse\tof\tcontraceptive... | [
0.053633857518434525,
-0.009187130257487297,
0.07707969099283218,
0.05909233167767525,
0.000442137592472136,
0.04458199813961983,
0.1252433955669403,
0.03351621702313423,
-0.02661251835525036,
0.057609498500823975,
0.1187422126531601,
-0.08905354142189026,
0.0008311527781188488,
0.00272867... |
underlying\tdisease)\tand\tcausality\tcannot\tbe\tdetermined.\tIt\tis\talso\tunknown\twhether\tmen\tand\twomen\nhave\tdifferent\tsusceptibility\tto\tthe\teffects\tof\tenvironmental\ttoxins.\tThe\tstrongest\tevidence\tof\tadverse\neffect\tis\twith\tpesticide\tand\tlead\texposure.\tPesticide\texposure\taffects\tsemen\tqu... | [
0.0037421800661832094,
-0.07125109434127808,
0.051406923681497574,
-0.008684447966516018,
-0.00882541574537754,
-0.009467854164540768,
0.04616493731737137,
-0.01691880077123642,
0.007200323976576328,
0.04879440739750862,
0.044010356068611145,
-0.04626297578215599,
0.051530078053474426,
0.0... |
risk\tof\tsterility\t(\nACOG,\t2013b\n;\t\nTable\t14.2\n).\nTABLE\t14.2\nExamples\tof\tReproductive\tHealth\tEffects\tof\tPrenatal\tExposure\tto\tEnvironmental\tContaminants\nChemicals\nExposure\tSources\tand\tPathways\nReproductive\tor\nDevelopmental\tHealth\nEffects\nPesticides\nPesticides\tare\tapplied\tin\tlarge\tq... | [
-0.004692701622843742,
0.003954695537686348,
0.011965638026595116,
-0.014843907207250595,
0.03205403313040733,
0.04277053475379944,
0.06588702648878098,
0.07982560992240906,
-0.048932772129774094,
0.0719248354434967,
0.09186697006225586,
-0.01755134016275406,
0.057014402002096176,
0.060288... |
in\nagricultural,\tcommunity,\tand\thousehold\tsettings.\tIn\n2001\tmore\tthan\t1.2\tbillion\tpounds\tof\tpesticides\nwere\tused\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\tPesticides\tcan\tbe\ningested,\tinhaled,\tand\tabsorbed\tby\tthe\tskin.\tThe\npathways\tof\tpesticide\texposure\tinclude\tfood,\twater,\nair,\tdust,\tand\tsoil.\nIm... | [
0.028665073215961456,
-0.05901119485497475,
0.04553033038973808,
-0.016919681802392006,
-0.06611257791519165,
0.007842984981834888,
0.09246285259723663,
0.013064295053482056,
-0.01893092319369316,
0.08884592354297638,
0.09332357347011566,
-0.06915175914764404,
0.03736542910337448,
0.044331... |
Impaired\tcognitive\ndevelopment\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nImpaired\tfetal\tgrowth\nIncreased\nsusceptibility\tto\ntesticular\n\tcancer\nChildhood\tcancer\nSolvents\nExamples\tinclude\tbenzene,\ttoluene,\txylene,\tstyrene,\t1-\nbromopropane,\t2-bromopropane,\nperchloroethylene,\tand\ttrichloroethylene.\tSolvents\nin... | [
0.000808683515060693,
-0.10248085856437683,
0.042971186339855194,
0.031219782307744026,
-0.04020833969116211,
0.029347630217671394,
0.037256307899951935,
0.09990858286619186,
-0.0763615295290947,
0.08145156502723694,
0.11522924154996872,
-0.012487445026636124,
-0.003533874172717333,
0.0837... |
include\tsome\tof\tthe\thighest\tproduction\tvolume\nchemicals\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\nThey\tare\tused\tin\tplastics,\tresins,\tnylon,\tsynthetic\nfibers,\trubber,\tlubricants,\tdyes,\tdetergents,\tdrugs,\npesticides,\tglues,\tpaints,\tpaint\tthinners,\n\tfingernail\npolish,\tlacquers,\tdetergents,\tprinting\tand\tl... | [
-0.016032841056585312,
-0.03548992797732353,
0.015418116003274918,
-0.07215747982263565,
0.02750752866268158,
-0.009517990052700043,
0.0875004306435585,
0.055196475237607956,
-0.03099122643470764,
0.06024433672428131,
0.09889543056488037,
0.009504184126853943,
0.08689501881599426,
0.003309... |
tanning\tprocesses,\tinsulation,\tfiberglass,\tfood\ncontainers,\tcarpet\tbacking,\tand\tcleaning\tproducts.\nSolvents\tare\ta\tcomponent\tof\tcigarette\tsmoke.\nExposure\tis\tprimarily\tthrough\tbreathing\ncontaminated\tair.\nFetal\tloss\nMiscarriage\nToluene\nExposure\toccurs\tfrom\tbreathing\tcontaminated\tair\tat\n... | [
0.012600761838257313,
-0.012934898026287556,
0.07502248138189316,
-0.018263867124915123,
-0.08383297175168991,
0.0014245425118133426,
0.08761487901210785,
-0.004330109339207411,
-0.03983154147863388,
0.04927574843168259,
0.07069981843233109,
-0.05638750642538071,
0.04027906805276871,
0.020... |
the\tworkplace,\tin\tautomobile\texhaust,\tand\tin\n\tsome\nconsumer\tproducts,\tpaints,\tpaint\tthinners,\nfingernail\tpolish,\tlacquers,\tand\tadhesives.\nDecreased\tfetal\tand\nbirth\tweight\nCongenital\nmalformations\nPhthalates\nPhthalates\tare\tsynthetically\tderived.\tThey\tare\tused\tin\na\tvariety\tof\tconsume... | [
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0.0786900669336319,
0.08636339753866196,
-0.023000618442893028,
0.024881059303879738,
0.013096... |
a\tvariety\tof\tconsumer\tgoods,\tsuch\tas\tmedical\ndevices,\tcleaning\tand\tbuilding\tmaterials,\tpersonal\ncare\tproducts,\tcosmetics,\tpharmaceuticals,\tfood\nprocessing,\tand\ttoys.\tExposure\n\toccurs\tthrough\ningestion,\tinhalation,\tand\tdermal\tabsorption.\nReduced\tmasculine\nplay\tin\tboys\nReduced\tanogeni... | [
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0.11338074505329132,
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0.0698724... |
distance\nShortened\tgestational\nage\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nin\tgirls\nLead\nOccupational\texposure\toccurs\tin\tbattery\nmanufacturing\tand\trecycling,\tsmelting,\tcar\trepair,\nwelding,\tsoldering,\tfirearm\tcleaning\tand\tshooting,\nand\tstained\tglass\tornament\tand\tjewelry\tproduction.\nNonoccupational\n\t... | [
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0.08409716933965683,
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0.0541... |
Nonoccupational\n\texposure\toccurs\tin\tolder\thomes\nwhere\tlead-based\tpaints\twere\tused,\twater\tpipes,\nimported\tceramics\tand\tpottery,\therbal\tremedies,\ntraditional\tcosmetics,\thair\tdyes,\tcontaminated\tsoil,\ntoys,\tand\tcostume\tjewelry.\nAlterations\tin\tgenomic\nmethylation\nIntellectual\nimpairment\nI... | [
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0.00... |
Intellectual\nimpairment\nIncreased\tlikelihood\tof\nallergies\nMercury\nMercury\tfrom\tcoal-fired\tpower\tplants\tis\tthe\tlargest\nman-made\tsource\tof\tmercury\tpollution\n\tin\tthe\nUnited\tStates.\tPrimary\thuman\texposure\tis\tby\nconsumption\tof\tcontaminated\tseafood.\nReduced\tcognitive\nperformance\nImpaired\... | [
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0.025112956762313843,
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0.10940868407487869,
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0.02319... |
performance\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nPolychlorinated\nbiphenyls\nPolychlorinated\tbiphenyls\twere\tused\tas\tindustrial\ninsulators\tand\tlubricants.\tThey\twere\tbanned\tin\tthe\n1970s\tbut\tare\tpersistent\tin\tthe\taquatic\tand\nterrestrial\tfood\tchains,\tresulting\tin\texposure\tby\ningestion.\nDevelopment\tof... | [
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0.05494... |
attention-\ndeficit/hyperactivity\ndisorder-associated\nbehavior\nIncreased\tbody\tmass\nindex\nReduced\tIQ\nAir\tpollutants\nCommon\tair\tpollutants\tinclude\tcarbon\tmonoxide,\tlead,\nground-level\tozone,\tparticulate\tmatter,\tnitrogen\ndioxide,\tand\tsulfur\tdioxide.\tAir\tpollution\tarises\tfrom\nLow\tbirth\tweigh... | [
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0.02827... |
a\tvariety\tof\tsources,\tincluding\tmotor\tvehicles,\nindustrial\tproduction,\tenergy\t(coal)\tproduction,\nwood\tburning,\tand\tsmall\n\tlocal\tsources\tsuch\tas\tdry\ncleaners.\nCigarette\tsmoke\nCigarette\tsmoke\texposure\tincludes\tactive\tsmoking,\npassive\tsmoking,\tor\tboth.\nMiscarriage\nIntrauterine\tgrowth\n... | [
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restriction\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nPreterm\tdelivery\nDecreased\tsemen\nquality\nPerchlorate\nPerchlorate\tis\tused\tto\tproduce\trocket\tfuel,\tfireworks,\nflares,\tand\texplosives\tand\talso\tcan\tbe\tpresent\tin\nbleach\n\tand\tsome\tfertilizers.\tSources\tof\texposure\nare\tcontaminated\tdrinking\twater,\tfood,\tand\... | [
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0.0... |
nonwater\tbeverages.\tInfants\talso\tmay\tbe\texposed\nthrough\tbreastmilk.\nAltered\tthyroid\nfunction\nPerfluorochemicals\nPerfluorochemicals\tare\twidely\tused\tman-made\norganofluorine\tcompounds\twith\tmany\tdiverse\nindustrial\tand\tconsumer\tproduct\tapplications.\nExamples\tare\tperfluorooctane\tsulfonate\tand\... | [
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perfluorooctanate,\n\twhich\tare\tused\tin\tcookware\nproducts\twith\tnonstick\tsurfaces\tand\tin\tpackaging\nto\tprovide\tgrease,\toil,\tand\twater\tresistance\tto\nplates,\tfood\tcontainers,\tbags,\tand\twraps\tthat\tcome\ninto\tcontact\twith\tfood.\tThey\tpersist\tin\tthe\nenvironment.\tOccupational\texposure\tand\t... | [
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population\texposure\toccur\tby\tinhalation,\tingestion,\nand\tdermal\tcontact.\nReduced\tbirth\tweight\nPolybrominated\ndiphenyl\tethers\nThese\n\tinclude\tflame\tretardant\tmaterials\tthat\tpersist\nand\tbioaccumulate\tin\tthe\tenvironment.\tThey\tare\nfound\tin\tfurniture,\ttextiles,\tcarpeting,\telectronics,\nand\t... | [
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0.034361425787210464,
0.02686... |
and\tplastics\tthat\tare\tmixed\tinto\tbut\tnot\tbound\tto\nfoam\tor\tplastic.\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nPremature\tdelivery\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nStillbirth\nBisphenol-A\nBisphenol-A\tis\ta\tchemical\tintermediate\tfor\npolycarbonate\tplastic\tand\tresins.\tIt\tis\tfound\n\tin\tfood,\nconsumer\tproducts,\tand\tpacka... | [
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0.008... |
occurs\tthrough\tinhalation,\tingestion,\tand\tdermal\nabsorption.\nRecurrent\tmiscarriage\nAggression\tand\nhyperactivity\tin\nfemale\tchildren\nFormaldehyde\nFormaldehyde\tis\tused\tin\tthe\tproduction\tof\twood\nadhesives,\tabrasive\tmaterials,\tand\tother\tindustrial\nproducts\tand\tin\tclinical\tlaboratories\tand\... | [
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embalming.\tIt\tis\tfound\tin\tsome\tgermicides,\nfungicides,\n\tinsecticides,\tand\tpersonal\tcare\nproducts.\tRoutes\tof\texposure\tare\toral,\tdermal,\tand\ninhaled.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nAntineoplastic\ndrugs\nThis\tclass\tof\tchemotherapy\tdrugs\tpresents\tan\noccupational\texposure\tfor\tnur... | [
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care\tprofessionals.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nAnesthetic\tgases\nAnesthetic\tgases\tare\tadministered\tby\tinhalation\tin\nhealth\tcare\tsettings\n\tand\tveterinary\tcare.\nOccupational\texposure\tis\ta\trisk\tfor\tnurses,\nphysicians,\tdentists,\tveterinarians,\tand\tother\thealth\ncare\tprofessiona... | [
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anesthetic\tgases\tare\tused.\nCongenital\tanomalies\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nEthylene\toxide\nEthylene\toxide\tis\tused\tto\tsterilize\theat-sensitive\nmedical\titems,\tsurgical\tinstruments,\tand\tother\nobjects\tthat\tcome\tinto\tcontact\twith\tbiologic\n\ttissues.\nOccupational\texposure\tis\ta\trisk\tin\tsome\theal... | [
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0.03557... |
settings,\tparticularly\tsterilization\tunits.\tExposure\tis\nthrough\tinhalation.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nand\tpregnancy\tloss\nPreterm\tand\tpostterm\nbirth\nReprinted\twith\tpermission\tfrom\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists:\tExposure\tto\ttoxic\tenvironmental\tagents,\tcompanion\ndocument.\... | [
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document.\tRetrieved\tfrom\t\nhttps://www.acog.org/-/media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-\nWomen/ExposuretoToxic.pdf\n,\t2013d.\nA\tfather’s\tregular\tpreconceptual\tsmoking\tis\tassociated\twith\tDNA\tdamage\tto\tthe\tsperm,\tbut\tit\tis\nunclear\twhether\tmale\tfertility\tis\treduced\t(\... | [
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Practice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tSmoking\talso\tincreases\tthe\nrisk\tthat\this\tchild\twill\thave\tacute\tlymphoblastic\tleukemia,\tbut\tthe\tabsolute\trisk\tis\tstill\tvery\tsmall,\nraising\tit\tfrom\t27\tper\tmillion\tbirths\tto\t34\tper\tmillion\tbirths\t(\nVan\tder\tZee\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\n\tMaternal\nsmoking\tis\t... | [
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Practice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tHabitual\nalcohol\tconsumption\tmay\tbe\tassociated\twith\treduced\tsemen\tquality\tand\tchanges\tin\ttestosterone\tand\nsex\thormone-binding\tglobulin\tlevels.\tAlthough\thigher\tintakes\tare\tof\tmore\tconcern,\teven\tfive\tdrinks\nper\tweek\thave\tbeen\tassociated\twith\ta\treduced\ts... | [
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0.040796... |
reduction\n\tin\tthe\tpercentage\tof\tspermatozoa\twith\tnormal\tmorphology\t(\nJensen\tet\tal,\t2014\n). | [
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Obesity\tand\tendocrine\tconditions\nPreconceptual\tobesity\traises\trisk\tfor\tmen\tand\twomen.\tIn\tmen,\televated\tBMI\tis\tassociated\twith\tlower\nsuccess\twith\tin\tvitro\tfertilization\t(IVF).\tMaternal\tprepregnant\tobesity\tis\tcorrelated\twith\tlower\trates\nof\tconception,\thigher\trates\tof\tcongenital\tano... | [
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Merhi\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nObesity\taffects\toocyte\tdevelopment,\tovulation,\tembryo\tdevelopment,\tendometrial\tdevelopment,\nimplantation,\tand\tpregnancy\tloss.\tObesity\tin\tpregnancy\tand\tpostpartum\tis\tcorrelated\twith\tlactation\nfailure\t(\nGarcia\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThose\twith\tknown\tdiabetes\tand\thypothy... | [
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should\tbe\tin\tgood\tcontrol\tbefore\tconception.\tAlthough\tweight\tloss\timproves\tfertility\tfor\twomen,\tit\nhas\n\tless\teffect\ton\tfertility\tin\tmen\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tSpecial\tCase\tof\tObesity\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nSpecial\tCase\tof\tObesity\nThe\trates\tof\tobesity\thave\tincreased\tdramatically\tin\tindu... | [
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developing\tcountries\t(see\t\nChapter\t20\n).\tAmong\twomen\twith\tobesity,\trates\tof\tconception\tare\tlower\nand\t\ncongenital\tanomalies\n\t(neural\ttube\tdefects\t[NTDs],\tcardiovascular\tanomalies,\toral\tclefts,\nanorectal\tatresia,\thydrocephaly,\tlimb\treductions,\tspina\tbifida)\toccur\tmore\tfrequently\tand... | [
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detected\tless\toften\tprenatally\tthan\tin\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation.\tRates\tof\tNTDs\tincrease\twith\tthe\ndegree\tof\tobesity.\tFor\twomen\twith\tsevere\tobesity,\trates\tare\tmore\tthan\ttriple\tthat\tfor\twomen\twith\nnormal\tweight.\tSupplementation\twith\tfolic\n\tacid\tis\tnot\tas\tprotective\tfor\tthese\twome... | [
0.019479837268590927,
-0.05731657147407532,
0.0390603207051754,
-0.021770186722278595,
-0.04390013590455055,
-0.0069994842633605,
0.10503681749105453,
0.0004679048142861575,
-0.014645053073763847,
0.047910988330841064,
0.1202811524271965,
-0.0767989382147789,
0.051368143409490585,
0.059692... |
acid\tis\tnot\tas\tprotective\tfor\tthese\twomen,\tbut\tthe\nbenefit\tof\tsupplementing\twith\tmore\tthan\t400\tmcg\tfolic\tacid/day\thas\tnot\tbeen\tstudied.\nWomen\twith\tobesity\thave\tan\texaggerated\tresponse\tto\tthe\tnormal\tphysiologic\tchanges\tof\npregnancy.\tThey\thave\tincreased\trisk\tof\tcardiac\tdysfunct... | [
0.01858326606452465,
-0.07764343917369843,
0.05266571789979935,
-0.021234652027487755,
-0.07541581243276596,
0.030168181285262108,
0.08264219760894775,
0.07338575273752213,
-0.015669656917452812,
0.028992120176553726,
0.09818655252456665,
-0.016805263236165047,
0.055829327553510666,
0.0403... |
nonalcoholic\tliver\tdisease,\tgestational\tdiabetes,\tand\tpreeclampsia\t(\nAmerican\tCollege\tof\nObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists\t[ACOG],\t2015d\n).\tGenetic,\thormonal,\tand\tbiochemical\nenvironments\tare\taltered,\tinfluencing\tfetal\tgrowth\tand\torgan\tdevelopment.\tWomen\twho\tenter | [
0.02052350528538227,
-0.0391988530755043,
0.05249744653701782,
0.029912497848272324,
-0.058623239398002625,
0.02087496966123581,
0.07369008660316467,
0.009507758542895317,
-0.00816370826214552,
0.0746002346277237,
0.11037684231996536,
-0.08160033077001572,
-0.038287531584501266,
0.03769461... |
pregnancy\twith\ta\tbody\tmass\tindex\t(BMI)\tgreater\tthan\t30\thave\ta\thigher\trisk\tof\tspontaneous\nabortion\t(SAB,\ti.e.,\tmiscarriage),\t\nintrauterine\tfetal\tdemise\t(IUFD)\n\tor\tstillbirth,\twith\tthe\trisk\tof\nmany\tcomplications\tincreasing\tlinearly\t(\nNelson\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tThese\twomen\tare\tmore\... | [
-0.046352967619895935,
0.0021346204448491335,
0.037285156548023224,
-0.02780637890100479,
-0.08296481519937515,
0.008839990012347698,
0.04929957911372185,
0.018566764891147614,
-0.03407630696892738,
0.06625857204198837,
0.10866784304380417,
-0.10788839310407639,
-0.027015352621674538,
-0.0... |
Nelson\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tThese\twomen\tare\tmore\n\tlikely\tto\thave\nintrapartum,\toperative,\tand\tpostoperative\tcomplications,\tincluding\tanemia\tand\tpostpartum\ndepression.\tIncreased\trisks\tof\tmaternal\tmorbidity\tand\tmortality\tare\tassociated\twith\tincreasing\ndegrees\tof\tobesity\t(\nLisonkova\tet\tal,... | [
-0.048592038452625275,
-0.0002844462578650564,
0.04026677832007408,
-0.00835453812032938,
-0.07608349621295929,
0.03693167865276337,
0.05536052957177162,
0.026389403268694878,
-0.026916414499282837,
0.1093343123793602,
0.0750899612903595,
-0.042242974042892456,
-0.013944984413683414,
0.009... |
).\tWomen\twith\tobesity\tare\tless\tlikely\tto\tinitiate\nbreastfeeding\tand\tmore\tlikely\tto\texperience\tlactation\tfailure.\nNormal\tfetal\tgrowth\tpatterns\tare\tdisrupted.\n\tRisk\tis\tincreased\tfor\tmacrosomia,\tbirth\tinjury\n(shoulder\tdystocia,\tbrachial\tplexus\tinjury,\tfetal\thypoxia),\tand\tchildhood\to... | [
0.02544044516980648,
-0.04133400693535805,
0.060180291533470154,
-0.03616206720471382,
-0.1460423618555069,
-0.023489410057663918,
0.07908553630113602,
0.008708612993359566,
-0.003081147326156497,
0.05445369705557823,
0.11725936830043793,
-0.03394760936498642,
-0.0004564550472423434,
0.021... |
significant\trates\tof\tgrowth-restricted\tbabies\tand\tpreterm\tdeliveries.\tInfants\tof\twomen\twith\nobesity\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\trequire\tadmission\tto\tthe\tneonatal\tintensive\tcare\tunit\t(NICU).\tThere\tis\ta\nlinear\tassociation\tbetween\tmaternal\tBMI\tand\tneonatal\tdeath\n\tand\tboth\tneonatal\tmorbidity... | [
0.05593869090080261,
-0.052180949598550797,
0.07958230376243591,
-0.0025628504808992147,
-0.08699978142976761,
0.01477213203907013,
0.07987745106220245,
0.04662926867604256,
-0.011303035542368889,
0.07020597159862518,
0.11512891948223114,
-0.05937398597598076,
-0.05609796941280365,
0.05287... |
and\tboth\tneonatal\tmorbidity\tand\nmaternal\tcomplications\tare\tsignificantly\thigher\twhen\tmaternal\tBMI\tis\tat\tleast\t60\t(\nKim\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\nAlthough\texcessive\tgestational\tweight\tgain\tis\tcommon\tamong\twomen\twho\tare\toverweight\tor\nobese,\tand\tthis\tweight\tgain\tis\tassociated\twith\tsimilar\... | [
0.03172261267900467,
-0.014671441167593002,
0.07724906504154205,
0.03152942657470703,
-0.11894001811742783,
-0.020832089707255363,
0.08235900849103928,
-0.0010806493228301406,
-0.08161348849534988,
0.06555869430303574,
0.09573641419410706,
-0.06872297078371048,
0.019672803580760956,
-0.005... |
usually\tthought\tto\tbe\tthe\tmore\timportant\tfactor.\tWeight\tloss\tbefore\tpregnancy\tis\n\trecommended\nand\twomen\twho\thave\tundergone\tbariatric\tsurgery\tare\tless\tlikely\tto\tdevelop\tgestational\tdiabetes,\nhypertension,\tpreeclampsia,\tor\tto\thave\ta\tmacrosomic\tinfant.\tWeight\tloss\tmedications\tare\tn... | [
0.0018700228538364172,
-0.016063842922449112,
0.03890039771795273,
0.02478693425655365,
-0.09495771676301956,
-0.00185082305688411,
0.040298499166965485,
0.032251130789518356,
-0.017301149666309357,
0.06466425955295563,
0.1264786571264267,
-0.04872869700193405,
0.018890459090471268,
-0.015... |
recommended\tbecause\tof\tsafety\tconcerns\tat\tconception\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\tThe\toptimal\ttiming\tand\nextent\tof\tthat\tweight\tloss\tis\tbeing\texamined.\nHow\tmaternal\tobesity\tmediates\tpoor\tmaternal\tand\tfetal\toutcomes\n\tis\tnot\tclear\t(\nCatalano\tand\nShankar,\t2017\n).\tThere\tare\tlikely\tgenetic\ta... | [
0.004656152334064245,
-0.02323012612760067,
0.04592852666974068,
-0.022508038207888603,
-0.08179082721471786,
0.020689912140369415,
0.028483709320425987,
0.013463111594319344,
-0.04478498920798302,
0.08410105109214783,
0.10002386569976807,
-0.06913359463214874,
-0.009504605084657669,
0.021... |
exposure\tto\thyperglycemia\twas\tthe\tmain\tpredictor,\tbut\tit\tis\tnow\trecognized\tthat\tother\tfactors\tare\nalso\timportant,\tincluding\thypertriglyceridemia,\tinsulin\tand\tinsulin\tresistance,\tandrogens,\tleptin,\nincreased\tblood\tpressure,\tinflammation,\tand\toxidative\tstress.\tBoth\tplacental\tand\n\tfeta... | [
0.02436636947095394,
-0.005301466211676598,
0.09721776843070984,
0.008439966477453709,
0.015526059083640575,
0.05353768169879913,
0.1300744265317917,
0.06122549623250961,
-0.030162006616592407,
0.05704972520470619,
0.07041501998901367,
-0.04861636832356453,
0.015572755597531796,
0.00521972... |
fetal\tfunctioning\nare\taffected.\tObesity\tand\tinflammation\tare\tcausally\tlinked\tto\tinsulin\tresistance.\tHow\tmaternal\ninflammation\taffects\tdevelopmental\tprogramming,\tleading\tto\tincreased\tinfant\tadiposity,\tis\tnot\nknown\tbut\tthere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tfetal\tinflammation\texists\talso.\tObesit... | [
0.03313097730278969,
-0.06543517112731934,
0.058266475796699524,
-0.021467410027980804,
-0.08099957555532455,
0.01664196513593197,
0.07983075082302094,
0.010270695202052593,
-0.003251288551837206,
0.0776607096195221,
0.08004946261644363,
-0.05287013575434685,
-0.01052307803183794,
0.029495... |
adiponectin,\tis\tassociated\twith\tincreased\tfetal\tgrowth.\tThe\tnormal\ttwofold\tto\tthreefold\tincrease\nin\tserum\tcholesterol\tand\tfree\tfatty\tacid\tlevels\tduring\tpregnancy\tare\texaggerated\tin\twomen\twith\nobesity.\tPlacentas\tof\tthese\twomen\thave\taltered\televated\tinflammation\tmarkers\tand\tlower\ts... | [
-0.004267103970050812,
-0.04922087490558624,
0.060558199882507324,
0.029407648369669914,
-0.0854884460568428,
-0.01934927888214588,
0.08260325342416763,
0.0517423041164875,
0.005941001232713461,
0.047047533094882965,
0.10683413594961166,
-0.0591563880443573,
-0.02581827901303768,
0.0020299... |
hormone\tlevels,\tpossibly\tin\tresponse\tto\tmaternal\thyperinsulinemia.\tThese\tplacentas\tcontain\nhigher\tlipid\tlevels\tbut\tmodified\tuptake\tof\tthe\tLCPUFAs.\tTriglycerides\tdo\tnot\tpass\tthrough\tthe\nplacenta\teasily,\tbut\n\tthere\tis\tincreased\tplacental\ttransfer\tof\tmetabolites\tand\tan\tincrease\tin\t... | [
-0.0018881182186305523,
-0.10205186158418655,
0.0007096900953911245,
0.025206223130226135,
-0.06824944913387299,
0.019283127039670944,
0.06165209412574768,
0.02397073805332184,
-0.05800282210111618,
0.05010727792978287,
0.09374125301837921,
-0.03234083577990532,
-0.030911680310964584,
-0.0... |
deposits\twith\tobesity.\tAltered\tplacental\tdevelopment\tor\tfunction,\tleading\tto\taltered\tamino\tacid\ntransfer,\tcontributes\tto\ta\tfetal\thyperinsulinemic\tstate.\tIn\taddition,\tobesity\tis\tassociated\twith\ntissue-specific\tchanges\tin\tmitochondrial\tfunction\tand\televated\toxidative\tstress.\tHigh\tlipid... | [
0.033155906945466995,
-0.030194049701094627,
0.08663026988506317,
-0.008486035279929638,
-0.058500614017248154,
-0.006528450641781092,
0.1078733578324318,
0.020690517500042915,
-0.018206439912319183,
0.06508670747280121,
0.10415738075971603,
-0.04195616766810417,
0.020059246569871902,
0.03... |
also\tmay\tcause\tepigenetic\n\tchanges\tin\tlipid\tsensing\tand\tmetabolism\tgenes.\tObesity\tmay\talso\talter\nthe\tregulation\tof\tappetite,\tsatiety,\tand\tadipocyte\tmaturation\tof\tthe\tfetus.\tIron\tstatus\tin\tthe\ncontext\tof\tobesity\tis\tunderstudied\t(\nVricella,\t2017\n).\tThese\twomen\tmay\thave\tless\tpl... | [
0.043546564877033234,
-0.044328149408102036,
0.06569444388151169,
-0.03909582272171974,
-0.11589072644710541,
0.028020134195685387,
0.05091990530490875,
-0.05229010060429573,
0.021225443109869957,
0.10583676397800446,
0.10495389252901077,
-0.058868199586868286,
0.01269338745623827,
0.00998... |
Vricella,\t2017\n).\tThese\twomen\tmay\thave\tless\tplasma\tvolume\nexpansion,\tresulting\tin\thigher\themoglobin\tvalues.\tOn\tthe\tother\thand,\tbecause\tof\tthe\tincreased\ninflammation\tassociated\twith\tobesity,\tthey\tpotentially\n\thave\thigher\thepcidin\tlevels,\tlowering\nhemoglobin\tlevels.\nBabies\tthat\tare... | [
0.02379237301647663,
-0.04243602603673935,
0.04789190739393234,
-0.05723981186747551,
-0.1255810409784317,
0.005191087257117033,
0.06788930296897888,
0.01483582891523838,
-0.028638768941164017,
0.08362672477960587,
0.07961536198854446,
-0.04267718642950058,
0.04571931064128876,
0.037575654... |
Uwaezuoke\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tBoth\tthe\tnutrient\tand\thormonal\tcontent\tof\tbreastmilk\tis\taltered\twith\tmaternal\tobesity.\tIn\naddition,\tthe\tinfant\tmicrobiome\tis\talso\taltered\tbecause\tof\tthe\tchanges\tin\thuman\tmilk\noligosaccharides.\tDevelopmental\tprogramming\tand\tinteractions\n\twith\tthe\tearly\td... | [
-0.00027665760717354715,
-0.012355668470263481,
0.07600679248571396,
-0.031862158328294754,
-0.08108323812484741,
0.027625733986496925,
0.09356638044118881,
-0.02151900716125965,
-0.0291783157736063,
0.08729272335767746,
0.12851816415786743,
-0.08369208127260208,
0.032922033220529556,
0.02... |
both\tbe\timportant\t(\nCatalano\tand\tShankar,\t2017\n).\nBabies\tborn\tto\tobese\tmothers\thave\tpermanently\taltered\tbody\tweight-regulating\tmechanisms,\nincluding\tthe\thypothalamic\tresponse\tto\tleptin,\tregulation\tof\tappetite,\tand\tpancreatic\tbeta-cell\nphysiology.\tThere\tare\talso\tchanges\tin\tthe\tadip... | [
0.007564500905573368,
-0.052316151559352875,
0.04810323566198349,
-0.023815084248781204,
-0.09384096413850784,
0.04306824132800102,
0.07248080521821976,
-0.014804837293922901,
0.0026077416259795427,
0.12090986222028732,
0.08853898197412491,
-0.08398756384849548,
-0.031028304249048233,
0.02... |
hypertension,\tand\tdiabetes\tas\tadults.\n\tIn\taddition,\tthese\tbabies\thave\tincreased\trisk\tof\tallergy\tand\natopy,\tpossibly\tthrough\tthe\tintestinal\tdysbiosis\tand\treduced\tmicrobial\tdiversity.\tMaternal\tobesity\nalso\tnegatively\taffects\tmaturation\tand\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tneonate’s\timmune\tsystem\t... | [
0.025930067524313927,
-0.055781763046979904,
0.02435111626982689,
0.0013808599906042218,
-0.09137075394392014,
0.014160176739096642,
0.08269887417554855,
0.035631321370601654,
-0.06622574478387833,
0.0874115601181984,
0.10513896495103836,
-0.04602374508976936,
-0.026821276172995567,
0.0568... |
of\tmaternal\tnutrition\tand\texposure\tto\tinfections\tand/or\ttheir\ttreatments\tare\tas\tyet\tunclear\n(\nGodfrey\tet\tal,\t2017b\n).\tThe\trole\tof\tboth\tthe\tmaternal\n\tand\tnewborn\tgut\tmicrobiome\tin\tfetal\nprogramming\tis\tunknown\tbut\tmay\tbe\timportant\t(\nZhou\tand\tXiao,\t2018\n).\tMaternal\tobesity\ti... | [
0.04001043736934662,
-0.031140796840190887,
0.04185863584280014,
-0.03504303842782974,
-0.06114710867404938,
0.0125051848590374,
0.07496819645166397,
0.01363916415721178,
0.02390114963054657,
0.07711905241012573,
0.08069410175085068,
-0.04193592071533203,
0.011247225105762482,
0.0433765947... |
Zhou\tand\tXiao,\t2018\n).\tMaternal\tobesity\tis\nassociated\twith\tan\tincreased\trisk\tof\tautism\tspectrum\tdisorders,\tdevelopmental\tdelay,\tand\nattention-deficit/hyperactive\tdisorder\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\tAnimal\tresearch\thas\tidentified\tpotential\nmechanisms,\tincluding\tconcentrations\tof\tfatty\tacids\tan... | [
-0.01647050306200981,
-0.008097430691123009,
0.05349108576774597,
0.007411767728626728,
-0.09865645319223404,
0.02579462341964245,
0.11495188623666763,
-0.012562782503664494,
0.0008929871255531907,
0.06048111990094185,
0.13010860979557037,
-0.03600765019655228,
0.005799028556793928,
0.0341... |
and\tinsulin,\tand\tinflammatory\tmediators\tinterleukins\tand\ttumor\tnecrosis\tfactor\tthat\tcross\tthe\nplacenta\tand\tinfluence\tneuroendocrine\tdevelopment,\tneuronal\tproliferation,\tand\tbrain\ndevelopment\t(\nGodfrey\tet\tal,\t2017b\n).\tInteractions\twith\tthe\tenvironment\tand\tepigenetic\teffects\tare | [
0.0060571120120584965,
-0.030483428388834,
0.05013450235128403,
-0.03446461632847786,
-0.039275649935007095,
0.042611557990312576,
0.09606049209833145,
0.05740506947040558,
-0.002833438804373145,
0.08147942274808884,
0.11081097275018692,
-0.060543451458215714,
-0.019364388659596443,
0.0760... |
).\tInteractions\twith\tthe\tenvironment\tand\tepigenetic\teffects\tare\nalso\tlikely\timportant.\tHowever,\tthe\trelative\timpact\tof\tmaternal\tobesity,\tgestational\tweight\tgain,\nand\tdietary\tpatterns\tis\n\tnot\tyet\tclear\t(\nCatalano\tand\tShankar,\t2017\n).\nIt\tappears\tthat\tboth\tpreconception\tand\tperico... | [
0.0014522263081744313,
-0.02556859515607357,
0.0738578662276268,
-0.02717500925064087,
-0.08556067943572998,
-0.007274858187884092,
0.07957855612039566,
0.029841462150216103,
-0.014542723074555397,
0.0815906971693039,
0.10433614253997803,
-0.08590381592512131,
0.018988924100995064,
0.02361... |
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