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acids\t(LCPUFA),\tprotein,\tzinc,\tiron,\tphosphorus,\tpotassium,\tcalcium,\tmagnesium,\tvitamins\tA\tand\tD,\nfolate,\triboflavin,\tand\tcholine\t(\nMonk\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nRai\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tEven\toverweight\tand\tobese\twomen\ncan\thave\tlow\tnutrient\tintakes\tand,\tin\tsome\tstudies,\thave\tbeen\tseen\tto\t...
[ -0.023284319788217545, -0.07272079586982727, 0.025911642238497734, -0.012782402336597443, -0.026036929339170456, 0.05800403654575348, 0.06807636469602585, 0.02963457629084587, 0.010355295613408089, 0.021608902141451836, 0.09173066914081573, -0.06314489990472794, 0.03296582028269768, 0.0459...
vulnerable\tthan\tother\tpregnant\twomen\t(\nDubois\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tAlthough\tcurrent\tpublic\thealth\nrecommendations\tprimarily\tpromote\tfolic\tacid\tsupplementation,\tmany\tother\tnutrients\tare\talso\nimportant\tin\tthe\tpericonceptual\tperiod.\tMicronutrient\tsupplementation\tcan\timprove\tmaternal\n\tstatus
[ -0.005816147197037935, -0.043184876441955566, 0.02267228253185749, 0.04385058581829071, -0.057884830981492996, 0.05892276391386986, 0.02982236072421074, 0.0430271252989769, -0.005158799234777689, 0.020881975069642067, 0.0929407998919487, -0.0592292845249176, 0.0390210896730423, 0.031292464...
status\nbut\tmay\tnot\timprove\tchild\thealth\toutcomes\tif\tstarted\tafter\tconception\t(\nStephenson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tHow\nmuch\tbefore\tconception\tthis\tsupplementation\tis\tneeded\tis\tunknown\tand\tlikely\tvaries\tby\tmaternal\nnutrient\tstatus.\tOptimal\tnutrient\tintakes\tare\tassociated\twith\tlower\trisk\t...
[ -0.03914857283234596, -0.013812737539410591, 0.05110713839530945, 0.013583696447312832, -0.04417550563812256, 0.022577447816729546, 0.05601950362324715, 0.056602999567985535, -0.0428316555917263, 0.04340563341975212, 0.11522433161735535, -0.022496793419122696, 0.039786454290151596, -0.0040...
(\nlow\tbirth\tweight\t[LBW]\n\tor\t\nsmall\tfor\tgestational\tage\t[SGA]\n)\tor\tpreterm\tbirths\t(\nTable\t14.1\n).\nThus\n\ta\tpreconceptual\tmultivitamin-multimineral\tsupplement\tmay\tconfer\tmore\tbenefit\tthan\tsingle\nsupplements\tfor\ta\tpregnant\twoman,\tor\t\ngravida\n,\tespecially\tin\tthe\tcontext\tof\tlow...
[ -0.042754750698804855, -0.02276286482810974, 0.006593689322471619, -0.05297428369522095, -0.06389021873474121, -0.002652512863278389, 0.0791231319308281, 0.013830057345330715, -0.008743402548134327, 0.04500088095664978, 0.13117581605911255, -0.05028490722179413, 0.04982274770736694, 0.0004...
,\tespecially\tin\tthe\tcontext\tof\tlow\tbackground\tfood\nintake.\nTABLE\t14.1\nExamples\tof\tNutrients\tLikely\tImportant\tin\tthe\tPericonceptual\tPeriod:\tPreconception\tThrough\nOrganogenesis\nSystem\tor\tFunction\nNutrients\nBrain\tand\tnervous\tsystem\nIron,\tzinc,\tiodine,\tLCPUFA,\n\tvitamins\tA,\tB\n6\n,\tB\...
[ 0.001449611852876842, -0.08452051877975464, 0.016371656209230423, -0.003009180072695017, -0.03253505006432533, 0.04663202911615372, 0.09298954159021378, 0.05686283856630325, 0.0012811743654310703, 0.04977457970380783, 0.11726632714271545, -0.0544920340180397, 0.051163434982299805, 0.032564...
,\tB\n12\n,\tfolic\tacid,\tcopper,\tprotein,\nselenium\nPlacental\tfunction\tand\nstructure\nIron,\tLCPUFA,\tvitamins\tE,\tC,\tB\n12\n,\tzinc,\tselenium,\tcopper,\tomega-3\tPUFA,\nfolate\nInflammation\tand\timmune\nfunction\nVitamins\tA,\tD,\tzinc,\tfatty\tacids\nOxidative\tstress\nVitamins\tC,\tE,\tB\n6\n,\tB\n12\n,\t...
[ -0.027365945279598236, -0.11483953893184662, -0.005397283937782049, -0.00328793004155159, -0.015743451192975044, 0.014825346879661083, 0.06211812421679497, 0.08284066617488861, -0.035473551601171494, 0.008118066936731339, 0.0923498123884201, -0.06292519718408585, 0.032966554164886475, 0.04...
,\tfolic\tacid\nEmbryogenesis\nVitamins\tA,\tB\n6\n,\tB\n12\n,\tfolic\tacid,\tzinc\nAdapted\tfrom\tCetin\tI\tet\tal:\tRole\tof\tmicronutrients\n\tin\tthe\tpericonceptional\tperiod,\t\nHum\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:80,\t2010;\tMonk\tC\tet\tal:\tResearch\treview:\nmaternal\tprenatal\tdistress\tand\tpoor\tnutrition—mutually\t...
[ -0.002664788393303752, -0.061315957456827164, 0.026049040257930756, -0.033256761729717255, -0.06008606404066086, 0.03002636879682541, 0.06610096246004105, 0.07441074401140213, -0.0060804737731814384, 0.04497364163398743, 0.11396118998527527, -0.06331497430801392, 0.05340128764510155, 0.040...
J\tChild\tPsychol\nPsychiatry\n\t54:115,\t2013;\tRamakrishnan\tU\tet\tal:\tEffect\tof\twomen’s\tnutrition\tbefore\tand\tduring\tearly\tpregnancy\ton\tmaternal\tand\tinfant\toutcomes:\ta\nsystematic\treview,\t\nPaediatr\tPerinat\tEpidemiol\n\t26:285,\t2012.\nLCPUFA\n,\tLong-chain\tpolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids;\t\nPUFA\...
[ -0.023646270856261253, -0.054471928626298904, 0.06303732842206955, 0.005075336433947086, -0.12422212213277817, 0.000364958104910329, 0.045176587998867035, 0.06618644297122955, -0.032377660274505615, 0.011959454976022243, 0.08288346230983734, -0.026308856904506683, -0.02067876048386097, -0....
PUFA\n,\tpolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids.\nPreconception\teducational\tprograms\tfor\tboth\tparents\tare\tpromoted,\tbut\tevidence\tof\teffectiveness\nand\tbenefit\tis\tinconsistent.\tThere\tis\talso\tlittle\tevidence\tfor\twhich\tinterventions\tare\tmost\teffective\n(\nGoldstein\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tHowever,\tit\tappears...
[ 0.01831931248307228, -0.0593704953789711, 0.06394433975219727, -0.023430855944752693, -0.07092282176017761, 0.05838577449321747, 0.07117806375026703, -0.05485471710562706, -0.0364416278898716, 0.042926494032144547, 0.11725790798664093, -0.06393560767173767, 0.03422487527132034, 0.002224987...
may\tbe\tmore\teffective\tin\npromoting\tchange\tthan\tthose\ttargeting\tsmoking\tand\talcohol\tcessation\t(\nTemel\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tIn\naddition,\tthese\tprograms\tare\ttargeted\tat\tthose\tplanning\tpregnancies,\tnot\tthe\tgeneral\tpublic,\tand\nlikely\twon’t\tresonate\twith\tmany.\tEven\tif\tthese\tprograms\tcoul...
[ 0.012358498759567738, -0.009047608822584152, 0.11263319849967957, -0.024089403450489044, -0.07945768535137177, 0.013524889945983887, 0.11355163156986237, -0.016828591004014015, -0.0096663199365139, 0.04838462173938751, 0.1075594499707222, -0.031640734523534775, 0.05770118907094002, 0.00105...
50%\tof\tpregnancies\tthat\tare\tunplanned,\tthe\tissues\tthat\tcan\tbe\taddressed\tquickly\t(smoking,\n\talcohol\nuse,\tvitamin\tsupplementation,\tcaffeine,\tetc.)\tare\tlimited.\tBecause\tsome\tpreconceptual\tissues,\nincluding\tobesity\tand\tharmful\tdietary\tpatterns,\trequire\tlong-term\tinterventions,\tthere\tare...
[ 0.007743002846837044, -0.025649042800068855, 0.07774236798286438, -0.008581508882343769, -0.027508441358804703, 0.03228932246565819, 0.11091858148574829, 0.04110976681113243, -0.02717035822570324, 0.06907530128955841, 0.09252657741308212, -0.061163898557424545, 0.004917293321341276, 0.0187...
more\tpublic\thealth\tor\tmarketing\tapproach\tto\timprove\tthe\thealth\tstatus\tof\tpotential\tparents\n(\nStephenson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nToxins\nScreening\twomen\tfor\talcohol,\ttobacco\t(including\te-cigarettes,\tvapors),\n\tand\trecreational\tdrug\tuse\tis\ncritical\tand\talso\tmay\tbe\timportant\tfor\toccupational...
[ 0.011836167424917221, -0.03639407455921173, 0.04274088516831398, -0.031436488032341, -0.09473444521427155, 0.016949232667684555, 0.08415655791759491, 0.05074192211031914, 0.026325775310397148, 0.033273231238126755, 0.12379956990480423, -0.013167580589652061, 0.018886826932430267, 0.0067282...
Cannabis\tsativa\n)\tuse\nis\tnow\tlegalized\tin\tsome\tstates.\tIt\tdoes\tnot\tappear\tto\taffect\tsemen\tparameters\tbut\tthe\tprevalence\tof\ninfertility\tincreases\tamong\twomen\treporting\tmarijuana\tuse\t(\nPractice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tAnimal\nmodels\thave\tdemonstrated\tan\tincrease\tin\tbirth\tdefects\t(\nHe...
[ 0.02041250467300415, -0.024365104734897614, 0.018531518056988716, -0.016722483560442924, -0.07896312326192856, 0.0527154840528965, 0.051447946578264236, 0.04979325085878372, -0.024238456040620804, 0.02894551120698452, 0.07155229151248932, -0.028166066855192184, -0.033823367208242416, 0.014...
Hennessy,\t2018\n)\tbut\n\thuman\tstudies\tare\nconfounded\twith\tpolysubstance\tabuse\tand\toften\tignore\tthe\ttiming\tof\texposure\t(\nAmerican\tCollege\tof\nObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists\t[ACOG],\t2017a\n).\tIn\taddition,\tthe\tpotency\thas\tincreased\tover\ttime.\nThe\tchemicals\tcross\tthe\tplacenta\tand\tfet...
[ 0.0048255883157253265, -0.0037205806002020836, 0.07535921782255173, -0.0315232016146183, -0.10806962847709656, 0.023451494053006172, 0.07624640315771103, -0.027149628847837448, 0.01093725860118866, 0.017622334882616997, 0.059727467596530914, -0.07288388907909393, 0.013060072436928749, -0.0...
Marijuana\tuse\taffects\tthe\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\tand\tanimal\tmodels\tshow\tit\tnegatively\n\taffects\tfetal\nbrain\tdevelopment.\tThe\tprevalence\tof\tSGA\tbabies\tand\tstillbirths\tboth\tincrease\tamong\tthose\tusing\nmarijuana\tand,\tif\tassociated\twith\tcigarette\tsmoking,\tmay\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tpre...
[ 0.020246192812919617, 0.019017698243260384, 0.024978933855891228, -0.051466088742017746, -0.0758323073387146, 0.056497301906347275, 0.05832760035991669, 0.014803223311901093, -0.00830782763659954, 0.07162576168775558, 0.10503996908664703, -0.009912594221532345, 0.02896922267973423, 0.00710...
ACOG,\n2017a\n;\t\nACOG,\t2018d\n).\tIn\tvitro\tstudies,\tusing\tfirst\ttrimester\tplacental\tvillous\tcells\tfrom\tterminated\npregnancies\ttransplanted\tto\ta\tnutrient\tmedium,\tdemonstrate\tpoor\tplacental\tgrowth\tand\tfunction,\nincluding\tlower\ttaurine\ttransport\tto\tthe\tfetus,\twhen\tthe\tfetus\tis\texposed\...
[ 0.023371685296297073, -0.01814957708120346, 0.07141809165477753, -0.003196737729012966, -0.0707588940858841, 0.028764545917510986, 0.06886094808578491, 0.0005860628443770111, -0.01773816905915737, 0.07005105167627335, 0.11803346872329712, 0.0094833979383111, 0.041042689234018326, 0.0019619...
in\tearly\tpregnancy\t(\nLui\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tWomen\tmay\tbe\tat\trisk\tfor\tentering\tpregnancy\twith\ttoxic\tlevels\nof\tmercury,\tand\tthe\ttypes\tof\tfish\teaten\tshould\tbe\tdiscussed\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tOmega-3\tFatty\tAcids\tin\nPregnancy\tand\tLactation\n).\tThe\teffect\tof\tmaternal\tcaffeine\tintake\ton...
[ -0.020280061289668083, -0.073667511343956, 0.03359897807240486, -0.0064649274572730064, -0.11471226811408997, 0.0201348178088665, 0.08313094824552536, 0.03591281175613403, -0.01952224411070347, 0.06921771168708801, 0.11624705046415329, -0.054542865604162216, 0.00021089888468850404, 0.02043...
No\nincreased\trisk\tof\tmiscarriage\thas\tbeen\tseen\twith\tcaffeine\tconsumption\tless\tthan\t200\tmg/day,\tbut\nconsumption\tof\tmore\tthan\t500\tmg/day\tis\tassociated\twith\tdecreased\tfertility\t(\nPractice\tCommittee,\n2017\n).\tCaffeine\tis\tnot\ta\t\nteratogen\n\t(a\tsubstance\tthat\tcauses\tmalformation\tin\t...
[ -0.060042984783649445, -0.018037516623735428, 0.02826853282749653, -0.0015335746575146914, -0.07954833656549454, 0.020866932347416878, 0.04364573210477829, 0.04068630561232567, -0.030084427446126938, 0.03139392286539078, 0.12940427660942078, -0.03721877187490463, -0.004344583489000797, 0.0...
and\tdoes\tnot\taffect\tsemen\tparameters\t(see\t\nAppendix\t25\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nOmega-3\tFatty\tAcids\tin\tPregnancy\tand\tLactation
[ 0.0078041935339570045, -0.08806013315916061, 0.005172280594706535, 0.006659827660769224, -0.10544231534004211, -0.0038819247856736183, 0.08364138752222061, 0.04683377593755722, 0.01365266740322113, 0.021458562463521957, 0.1445833444595337, -0.06125786900520325, -0.03340457007288933, -0.001...
Our\tancestors\tlikely\tconsumed\ta\tdiet\twith\tequal\tamounts\tof\tomega-3\tand\tomega-6\tfatty\tacids.\nAmerican\tdiets\tcurrently\tare\testimated\tto\tcontain\tmuch\thigher\tlevels\tof\tomega-6\tthan\tomega-3\nfatty\tacids.\tThis\tdramatic\tchange\tin\tthe\tratio\tis\tthought\tto\taffect\toverall\tdisease\tprevalen...
[ -0.003652517683804035, -0.0259721539914608, 0.03097050078213215, -0.03148580342531204, -0.15256258845329285, 0.006900060921907425, 0.07975239306688309, -0.04462868720293045, 0.03515402972698212, 0.08005568385124207, 0.10678786039352417, -0.08264528959989548, 0.004850439261645079, -0.017660...
well\tas\tpregnancy\toutcome.\tHowever,\tthere\tis\tno\tevidence\n\tthat\tthe\tabsolute\tamounts\tof\tessential\nfatty\tacids\t(EFA)\tprovided\tby\tany\tculture\tare\tinadequate\tfor\tthe\tplacenta,\tfetus,\tor\tinfant\tgrowth\n(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\t2011\n).\tAdequacy\tof\tEFA\tintake\tis\thighly\tindividual\tba...
[ 0.016383318230509758, -0.03244302421808243, 0.06844810396432877, -0.00015364072169177234, -0.0871652364730835, 0.04833711311221123, 0.08666151762008667, -0.00028493563877418637, -0.009656012058258057, 0.0806063786149025, 0.11763957887887955, -0.05041162669658661, 0.005235191434621811, 0.00...
intake,\tfood\taccess,\tand\tfood\tpreferences.\nFatty\tacids\tare\tfound\tin\tall\tcell\tmembranes.\tThe\tfetal\tbrain\tcontains\tequal\tamounts\tof\tomega-6\n(arachidonic\tacid)\tand\tomega-3\n\t(docosahexaenoic\tacid\t[DHA]).\tArachidonic\tacid\tintake\tis\tseldom\nlimited.\tThe\tomega-3s,\tprimarily\teicosapentaeno...
[ -0.013933260925114155, -0.03575203940272331, 0.02158620022237301, -0.022453652694821358, -0.11540059000253677, -0.024805257096886635, 0.06905318051576614, 0.03738155961036682, 0.007312130648642778, -0.0005421640234999359, 0.08833590894937515, -0.1150183230638504, -0.038766756653785706, -0....
neurodevelopment,\tvasodilation,\treduced\tinflammation,\tand\tthrombosis\tinhibition.\tAlthough\tEPA\nis\tthought\tto\tbe\tbeneficial,\tthe\tseparate\teffects\thave\tnot\tyet\tbeen\ttested\tbecause\tpurified\tEPA\nsupplements\tare\tonly\trecently\tavailable.\nDHA\tis\n\timportant\tfor\tthe\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\to...
[ 0.058374203741550446, -0.07929882407188416, 0.047857850790023804, 0.005951039493083954, -0.1123044565320015, 0.01488382089883089, 0.07658582180738449, 0.01823706366121769, 0.010233773849904537, 0.10875661671161652, 0.12867432832717896, -0.019458362832665443, -0.012522914446890354, 0.048838...
retina.\tIt\tmay\tplay\ta\tbeneficial\trole\tin\tthe\tfetal\timmune\tfunction\tand\tmay\thelp\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\nfood\tallergy\t(\nLarqué\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tDHA\tmay\talso\tbe\thelpful\tregarding\tbirth\tweight,\tas\twell\tas\nmaternal\tdepression.\tThere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tsupplementing\tall\tpregnant\two...
[ 0.03938533738255501, -0.05562656745314598, 0.08893954753875732, -0.021465426310896873, -0.12482159584760666, 0.026585176587104797, 0.08192773908376694, 0.001988472882658243, -0.03295136243104935, 0.09382613748311996, 0.12241388112306595, -0.027437668293714523, 0.02796180173754692, 0.027303...
may\tbe\ta\tcost-effective\tway\n\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tearly\tpreterm\tdelivery\t(\nShireman\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tA\nrecent\tCochrane\treview\tfound\tthat\tincreased\toverall\tintake\tof\tthe\tomega-3\tlong-chain\npolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacids\t(LCPUFAs)\t(from\tfood\tor\tsupplements)\treduced\tthe\trisk\tof\tboth...
[ -0.008460541255772114, -0.0171594750136137, 0.06629370898008347, -0.05181626230478287, -0.09035773575305939, -0.009402582421898842, 0.023968329653143883, 0.009147507138550282, -0.018279273062944412, 0.03326306492090225, 0.11681661754846573, -0.03708477318286896, 0.04396688938140869, 0.0055...
preterm\t(<\t37\tweeks)\tand\tearly\tpreterm\t(<\t34\tweeks)\tbirths\t(\nMiddleton\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tCochrane\nalso\tconcluded\tthat\tmore\tresearch\tis\tneeded\tto\tdetermine\tthe\n\tlong-term\teffects\ton\tmother\tand\nchild;\tto\tdetermine\tthe\tmetabolic\tand\tneurodevelopment\tpathways;\tand\tto\tdetermine\twhet...
[ 0.019058462232351303, -0.015183612704277039, 0.07736622542142868, -0.03995498642325401, -0.11329986155033112, 0.016765862703323364, 0.05584538355469704, 0.006955904886126518, -0.011787906289100647, 0.05056506022810936, 0.1113242506980896, -0.035789307206869125, 0.025984004139900208, 0.0064...
and\thow,\tthe\toutcomes\tvary\tby\tthe\tdifferent\ttypes\tof\tomega-3\tfatty\tacids,\tas\twell\tas\tthe\teffects\tof\nthe\ttiming,\tdosage,\tand\tcharacteristics\tof\twomen.\nDHA\tis\tselectively\tand\tpreferentially\ttransferred\tacross\tthe\tplacenta\t(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\n2011\n).\tFetal\tDHA\taccretion\tis\...
[ 0.010170348919928074, -0.043635476380586624, 0.04350944235920906, 0.0052610705606639385, -0.13795925676822662, 0.01944429986178875, 0.05960306525230408, -0.005775689147412777, -0.013514118269085884, 0.05339570716023445, 0.11204083263874054, -0.03582596778869629, 0.007464457303285599, -0.01...
highest\tin\tthe\tlast\thalf\tof\tpregnancy,\treaching\t30\tto\t45\tmg/day\tin\nthe\tlast\ttrimester\t(\nKoletzko\tet\tal,\t2007\n),\tprimarily\tto\tthe\tbrain\tand\tadipose\ttissue,\tand\tin\tthe\tfirst\nfew\tmonths\tof\tlife.\tDHA\tmust\tbe\tmobilized\tfrom\tmaternal\tstores\tor\tthe\tprenatal\tdiet\tmust\tinclude
[ -0.012854152359068394, -0.02621188387274742, 0.041032254695892334, -0.014215122908353806, -0.11275657266378403, 0.027614502236247063, 0.08908291906118393, 0.07671165466308594, -0.0439397357404232, 0.054349422454833984, 0.09550902992486954, -0.02261326275765896, -0.007994301617145538, -0.01...
adequate\tamounts\tof\tpreformed\tDHA.\tTransfer\trates\tare\thighly\tvariable\tand\tare\tlower\tamong\nwomen\twith\tobesity,\tpreeclampsia,\thypertension,\n\tand\tdiabetes\t(type\t1,\ttype\t2,\tand\tgestational\ndiabetes)\t(\nLauritzen\tand\tCarlson,\t2011\n).\tWomen\twho\tsmoke\tand\thave\tgrowth\trestricted\tfetuses
[ 0.019138136878609657, -0.013185306452214718, 0.06669159978628159, -0.0018938645953312516, -0.07738512754440308, 0.008330462500452995, 0.08674657344818115, 0.044260140508413315, -0.052499618381261826, 0.062099725008010864, 0.07353680580854416, -0.00622535590082407, -0.014615685679018497, 0....
).\tWomen\twho\tsmoke\tand\thave\tgrowth\trestricted\tfetuses\nalso\thave\tlower\ttransfer\trates.\tIt\tis\tthought\tthat\tshort\tinterconceptual\tperiods\tmay\tcause\ta\nmother\tto\tenter\ta\tsubsequent\tpregnancy\tdepleted.\tThe\tamount\tof\tDHA\tin\tthe\tblood\tthat\toptimizes\nmaternal\tand\tinfant\toutcomes,\tas\t...
[ 0.052342768758535385, -0.019808225333690643, 0.08275698870420456, 0.0045529683120548725, -0.11330225318670273, 0.014484275132417679, 0.07517896592617035, -0.023273523896932602, -0.0016448621172457933, 0.10140783339738846, 0.14784987270832062, -0.05355694890022278, 0.029410194605588913, -0....
that\tlevel,\tis\tstill\tunknown.\nAn\taverage\tdaily\tintake\tof\t200\tmg\tDHA\tduring\tpregnancy\tand\tlactation\tcurrently\tis\nrecommended,\tbut\tstudies\tare\tunderway\ttesting\tthe\tbenefit\tof\tlarger\tamounts\t(\nCarlson\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tCurrent\tintakes\tare\toften\tfar\tlower.\tIntakes\tof\tup\tto\t1\tg/da...
[ -0.028214162215590477, -0.004063064698129892, 0.07157618552446365, -0.03292008861899376, -0.0832093209028244, 0.05100115388631821, 0.07439833134412766, 0.006205343175679445, 0.008967055939137936, 0.034125398844480515, 0.11428849399089813, -0.024348562583327293, 0.022658685222268105, 0.0069...
omega-3\tPUFAs\tappear\tsafe\t(\nKoletzko\tet\tal,\t2007\n).\tThe\tmain\tfood\tsource\tof\tDHA\tis\tfatty,\tcold-\nwater\n\tfish,\tand\ta\tcouple\tof\tmeals\tper\tweek\tof\tlow-mercury\tfish\tduring\tpregnancy\tprovide\nadequate\tamounts\tof\tDHA.\tThose\tfish\tthat\tare\tlow\tin\tmethylmercury\tbut\thigh\tin\tDHA\tinc...
[ -0.05540107563138008, -0.038635775446891785, 0.008495909161865711, -0.019031474366784096, -0.051493436098098755, 0.018044110387563705, 0.047831784933805466, 0.05628504604101181, -0.027297355234622955, -0.0038632501382380724, 0.09890614449977875, -0.07875780761241913, -0.015867330133914948, ...
salmon,\tsardines,\ttrout,\therring,\tanchovies,\tand\tmackerel\t(not\tKing\tmackerel).\tCaviar\tand\tbrains\n(do\tnot\tuse\twhere\tprion\tcontamination\tis\tof\tconcern)\tare\talso\tparticularly\thigh\tin\tDHA.\tOther\nfoods\talso\tmay\tbe\tused,\tdepending\n\ton\tlocal\tavailability\tand\tacceptability\tof\tsafe\tsou...
[ 0.0021127359941601753, -0.05106768757104874, 0.06407676637172699, 0.00243993173353374, -0.060820192098617554, 0.01883777603507042, 0.10398765653371811, -0.020404735580086708, -0.055393997579813004, 0.020012609660625458, 0.06852796673774719, -0.06746784597635269, 0.02201632782816887, 0.0005...
the\tlocal\tfood\tcomposition\ttables\tfor\toptions.\nVegetable\tsources\tof\tomega-3\tfats\t(alpha-linolenic\tacid\t[ALA])\tinclude\tflaxseeds\tand\tnuts,\nespecially\twalnuts.\tThe\tconversion\trate\tto\tDHA\tis\tusually\tvery\tlow\tbut\timproves\tduring\npregnancy\t(\nBurdge\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tHowever,\tbiomagnific...
[ 0.0005967153119854629, -0.035650331526994705, 0.038018401712179184, -0.04270249977707863, -0.10488142818212509, -0.011838031932711601, 0.06086808070540428, -0.010618203319609165, 0.023661470040678978, 0.04183352738618851, 0.09570986032485962, -0.031991973519325256, 0.019041379913687706, 0....
compensate\tfor\n\tthe\tabsence\tof\tpreformed\tEPA\tor\tDHA.\tDHA\tfortified\teggs\tcan\tbe\thelpful,\tbut\nother\tfortified\tfoods\tcontain\tvery\tlittle\tDHA.\tFoods\tlabeled\tas\tfortified\twith\tomega-3s\tlikely\ncontain\tALA.\tIn\tdietary\tsupplements,\talgae\tsource\tEPA\tand\tDHA\tis\tanother\tuseful\tvegetaria...
[ -0.04076739028096199, 0.042666275054216385, -0.00003168287730659358, -0.029940165579319, -0.07146725058555603, 0.012167838402092457, 0.08025264739990234, -0.0559505894780159, -0.015577035956084728, 0.04990513622760773, 0.13917352259159088, -0.10312338173389435, 0.06446415185928345, -0.0246...
option.\nAny\tpregnant\twoman\tallergic\tto\tfish\tshould\tseek\tan\talgal\tsource\tof\tsupplemental\tDHA.\tIt\tis\ncurrently\tunknown\tif\tEPA\tor\tother\n\tcomponents\t(e.g.,\tother\tfatty\tacids,\tvitamin\tD,\tiodine,\tand\nselenium)\tare\talso\timportant\t(\nOken\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tFish\toil\tsupplements\tcontain\...
[ -0.03959687054157257, -0.00114495400339365, 0.041029732674360275, -0.03369700536131859, -0.06718894839286804, 0.021514149382710457, 0.10297450423240662, -0.044891029596328735, -0.02043997310101986, 0.03831670433282852, 0.10307914763689041, -0.08591464161872864, 0.01592315174639225, 0.05339...
Oken\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tFish\toil\tsupplements\tcontain\tEPA\tand\tDHA,\nalthough\tbetter\tlong-term\toutcomes\tare\tseen\twith\tfish\tconsumption\tthan\twith\tsupplements.\nCaution\tis\tadvised,\tthough,\twith\tthe\tfish\tliver\toils\t(such\tas\tcod\tliver\toil)\tbecause\tof\thigh\npreformed\tvitamin\tA\tlevels.\nThe...
[ -0.01117569301277399, 0.01899750903248787, 0.08149953931570053, -0.07908450067043304, -0.07505443692207336, 0.0012687583221122622, 0.08440465480089188, -0.04463256895542145, -0.03526882082223892, 0.05781303346157074, 0.07842695713043213, -0.04639882594347, 0.057635534554719925, 0.005685004...
preformed\tvitamin\tA\tlevels.\nThe\tbreastfed\tinfant\tobtains\tDHA\tthrough\n\tmaternal\tmilk\twhen\tthe\tmother\teats\tsufficient\nquantities\tof\tfoods\tcontaining\tDHA.\tIf\tthe\texclusively\tbreastfeeding\tmother\tis\tnot\tconsuming\tfish\nor\tDHA\tsupplements,\ta\tDHA\tsupplement\tcan\tbe\tgiven\tto\tthe\tinfant...
[ 0.019849585369229317, -0.05020307004451752, 0.04859239235520363, -0.051791660487651825, -0.10042954981327057, 0.011695030145347118, 0.04457111284136772, -0.047562126070261, -0.02676243893802166, 0.08550920337438583, 0.12867572903633118, -0.08593551069498062, 0.07711520791053772, -0.0061018...
or\tchoose\tnot\tto\tbreastfeed,\tmost\tinfant\tformulas\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tare\tfortified\twith\tDHA.\nThere\tis\tno\tdietary\treference\tintake\t(DRI)\tfor\teither\tEPA\tor\tDHA\n\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\tThe\nbenefit\tof\tmaternal\tsupplementation\thas\tnot\tbeen\tproven\tas\tof\tyet\tand\tthere\tare\tpoten...
[ 0.0017681499011814594, -0.02768058143556118, 0.02924358658492565, -0.05837898701429367, -0.1110784262418747, -0.008248690515756607, 0.05099743977189064, 0.009844972752034664, 0.03585544973611832, 0.07119005918502808, 0.07688514143228531, -0.03779488429427147, 0.05186787247657776, 0.0568777...
epigenetic\teffects\tthat\tmust\talso\tbe\tconsidered.\tMaternal\tfish\tconsumption\tis\tassociated\twith\nbetter\tchild\tneurodevelopment,\tat\tleast\tin\tobservational\tstudies\tsubject\tto\tconfounding.\tPerhaps\nsupplementation\tis\tmerited\tonly\tfor\tthose\twomen\twith\tvery\tlow\tintakes\tof\tLCPUFAs\tand/or\tfo...
[ 0.011746230535209179, -0.0744352638721466, 0.05344218760728836, -0.0511850081384182, -0.11833927780389786, 0.02086334116756916, 0.05574285238981247, -0.019442066550254822, -0.048090554773807526, 0.08957678824663162, 0.13203291594982147, -0.10102792829275131, 0.026929881423711777, 0.0222661...
premature\n\tinfants\twho\thad\tinsufficient\ttime\tto\taccumulate\tenough.\nPromoting\ta\tvariety\tof\tsafe\tseafood\tchoices\tis\tpreferable.\tWomen\thave\tconsumed\tless\tfish\tsince\nthe\tmercury\tadvisories\twere\tissued\t(\nMcGuire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThey\tmust\tbe\treassured\tthat\tfish\tcan
[ 0.01495103444904089, -0.03887511417269707, 0.08387261629104614, -0.027814168483018875, -0.10424423962831497, 0.03255508095026016, 0.049399927258491516, 0.016561849042773247, -0.050339359790086746, 0.10320420563220978, 0.1197420284152031, -0.0837630107998848, -0.001036090892739594, 0.015250...
McGuire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThey\tmust\tbe\treassured\tthat\tfish\tcan\nbe\teaten\tsafely\tas\ta\tgood\tprotein\tsource\tas\tlong\tas\tcare\tis\ttaken\tin\tchoosing\tand\tpreparing\tthe\nfish\t(see\t\nBox\t14.7\n).\tIf\tat\tleast\tsome\tof\tthe\thigh\tDHA\n\tsources\tare\tchosen,\tpregnancy\toutcomes,\tas
[ -0.03908999264240265, -0.07787739485502243, 0.019892875105142593, -0.06267085671424866, -0.05979892238974571, 0.04874669387936592, 0.0544520765542984, 0.04487641155719757, -0.021382858976721764, -0.017921587452292442, 0.017176371067762375, -0.027323715388774872, -0.10634329169988632, 0.088...
sources\tare\tchosen,\tpregnancy\toutcomes,\tas\nwell\tas\tinfant\tneurodevelopment\tand\tvisual\tacuity,\tmay\timprove.\tIn\taddition,\tif\twomen\teat\tthese\nfish\tduring\tpregnancy,\tthey\tare\talso\tlikely\tto\tcontinue\teating\tthem\tpostpartum,\timproving\tthe\nmaternal\trepletion\tand\tthe\tchild’s\tDHA\taccreti...
[ -0.014336271211504936, -0.009048190899193287, 0.061435516923666, -0.007551838178187609, -0.07679611444473267, 0.03670894354581833, 0.03925957530736923, 0.0011836932972073555, -0.0010820552706718445, 0.09901700913906097, 0.11019843071699142, -0.08118703961372375, 0.01644080877304077, -0.036...
Exposure\tof\tmen\tand\twomen\tto\tenvironmental\tchemicals,\tincluding\tpesticides,\theavy\n\tmetals,\tand\norganic\tsolvents,\tis\tassociated\twith\tan\tincreased\ttime\tto\tpregnancy.\tHowever,\tmost\tstudies\tare\nplagued\twith\timportant\tconfounders\t(age,\tsmoking,\talcohol\tuse,\tparity,\tuse\tof\tcontraceptive...
[ 0.053633857518434525, -0.009187130257487297, 0.07707969099283218, 0.05909233167767525, 0.000442137592472136, 0.04458199813961983, 0.1252433955669403, 0.03351621702313423, -0.02661251835525036, 0.057609498500823975, 0.1187422126531601, -0.08905354142189026, 0.0008311527781188488, 0.00272867...
underlying\tdisease)\tand\tcausality\tcannot\tbe\tdetermined.\tIt\tis\talso\tunknown\twhether\tmen\tand\twomen\nhave\tdifferent\tsusceptibility\tto\tthe\teffects\tof\tenvironmental\ttoxins.\tThe\tstrongest\tevidence\tof\tadverse\neffect\tis\twith\tpesticide\tand\tlead\texposure.\tPesticide\texposure\taffects\tsemen\tqu...
[ 0.0037421800661832094, -0.07125109434127808, 0.051406923681497574, -0.008684447966516018, -0.00882541574537754, -0.009467854164540768, 0.04616493731737137, -0.01691880077123642, 0.007200323976576328, 0.04879440739750862, 0.044010356068611145, -0.04626297578215599, 0.051530078053474426, 0.0...
risk\tof\tsterility\t(\nACOG,\t2013b\n;\t\nTable\t14.2\n).\nTABLE\t14.2\nExamples\tof\tReproductive\tHealth\tEffects\tof\tPrenatal\tExposure\tto\tEnvironmental\tContaminants\nChemicals\nExposure\tSources\tand\tPathways\nReproductive\tor\nDevelopmental\tHealth\nEffects\nPesticides\nPesticides\tare\tapplied\tin\tlarge\tq...
[ -0.004692701622843742, 0.003954695537686348, 0.011965638026595116, -0.014843907207250595, 0.03205403313040733, 0.04277053475379944, 0.06588702648878098, 0.07982560992240906, -0.048932772129774094, 0.0719248354434967, 0.09186697006225586, -0.01755134016275406, 0.057014402002096176, 0.060288...
in\nagricultural,\tcommunity,\tand\thousehold\tsettings.\tIn\n2001\tmore\tthan\t1.2\tbillion\tpounds\tof\tpesticides\nwere\tused\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\tPesticides\tcan\tbe\ningested,\tinhaled,\tand\tabsorbed\tby\tthe\tskin.\tThe\npathways\tof\tpesticide\texposure\tinclude\tfood,\twater,\nair,\tdust,\tand\tsoil.\nIm...
[ 0.028665073215961456, -0.05901119485497475, 0.04553033038973808, -0.016919681802392006, -0.06611257791519165, 0.007842984981834888, 0.09246285259723663, 0.013064295053482056, -0.01893092319369316, 0.08884592354297638, 0.09332357347011566, -0.06915175914764404, 0.03736542910337448, 0.044331...
Impaired\tcognitive\ndevelopment\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nImpaired\tfetal\tgrowth\nIncreased\nsusceptibility\tto\ntesticular\n\tcancer\nChildhood\tcancer\nSolvents\nExamples\tinclude\tbenzene,\ttoluene,\txylene,\tstyrene,\t1-\nbromopropane,\t2-bromopropane,\nperchloroethylene,\tand\ttrichloroethylene.\tSolvents\nin...
[ 0.000808683515060693, -0.10248085856437683, 0.042971186339855194, 0.031219782307744026, -0.04020833969116211, 0.029347630217671394, 0.037256307899951935, 0.09990858286619186, -0.0763615295290947, 0.08145156502723694, 0.11522924154996872, -0.012487445026636124, -0.003533874172717333, 0.0837...
include\tsome\tof\tthe\thighest\tproduction\tvolume\nchemicals\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\nThey\tare\tused\tin\tplastics,\tresins,\tnylon,\tsynthetic\nfibers,\trubber,\tlubricants,\tdyes,\tdetergents,\tdrugs,\npesticides,\tglues,\tpaints,\tpaint\tthinners,\n\tfingernail\npolish,\tlacquers,\tdetergents,\tprinting\tand\tl...
[ -0.016032841056585312, -0.03548992797732353, 0.015418116003274918, -0.07215747982263565, 0.02750752866268158, -0.009517990052700043, 0.0875004306435585, 0.055196475237607956, -0.03099122643470764, 0.06024433672428131, 0.09889543056488037, 0.009504184126853943, 0.08689501881599426, 0.003309...
tanning\tprocesses,\tinsulation,\tfiberglass,\tfood\ncontainers,\tcarpet\tbacking,\tand\tcleaning\tproducts.\nSolvents\tare\ta\tcomponent\tof\tcigarette\tsmoke.\nExposure\tis\tprimarily\tthrough\tbreathing\ncontaminated\tair.\nFetal\tloss\nMiscarriage\nToluene\nExposure\toccurs\tfrom\tbreathing\tcontaminated\tair\tat\n...
[ 0.012600761838257313, -0.012934898026287556, 0.07502248138189316, -0.018263867124915123, -0.08383297175168991, 0.0014245425118133426, 0.08761487901210785, -0.004330109339207411, -0.03983154147863388, 0.04927574843168259, 0.07069981843233109, -0.05638750642538071, 0.04027906805276871, 0.020...
the\tworkplace,\tin\tautomobile\texhaust,\tand\tin\n\tsome\nconsumer\tproducts,\tpaints,\tpaint\tthinners,\nfingernail\tpolish,\tlacquers,\tand\tadhesives.\nDecreased\tfetal\tand\nbirth\tweight\nCongenital\nmalformations\nPhthalates\nPhthalates\tare\tsynthetically\tderived.\tThey\tare\tused\tin\na\tvariety\tof\tconsume...
[ -0.002018771832808852, -0.0207268837839365, 0.07728197425603867, -0.03498560190200806, -0.0926561951637268, 0.023759927600622177, 0.0917312502861023, -0.008466694504022598, -0.010282841511070728, 0.0786900669336319, 0.08636339753866196, -0.023000618442893028, 0.024881059303879738, 0.013096...
a\tvariety\tof\tconsumer\tgoods,\tsuch\tas\tmedical\ndevices,\tcleaning\tand\tbuilding\tmaterials,\tpersonal\ncare\tproducts,\tcosmetics,\tpharmaceuticals,\tfood\nprocessing,\tand\ttoys.\tExposure\n\toccurs\tthrough\ningestion,\tinhalation,\tand\tdermal\tabsorption.\nReduced\tmasculine\nplay\tin\tboys\nReduced\tanogeni...
[ 0.031174855306744576, -0.05050516501069069, 0.0645037591457367, 0.006969545502215624, -0.08965488523244858, -0.0033165947534143925, 0.10719288885593414, 0.04718032851815224, -0.050705455243587494, 0.08260460942983627, 0.11338074505329132, -0.0423879511654377, 0.04408923164010048, 0.0698724...
distance\nShortened\tgestational\nage\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nin\tgirls\nLead\nOccupational\texposure\toccurs\tin\tbattery\nmanufacturing\tand\trecycling,\tsmelting,\tcar\trepair,\nwelding,\tsoldering,\tfirearm\tcleaning\tand\tshooting,\nand\tstained\tglass\tornament\tand\tjewelry\tproduction.\nNonoccupational\n\t...
[ 0.05326047167181969, -0.052967410534620285, 0.07944268733263016, -0.01744910143315792, -0.1278470754623413, 0.011882047168910503, 0.04188572242856026, -0.012322654947638512, -0.0017185502219945192, 0.066556915640831, 0.08409716933965683, -0.034711506217718124, -0.010248781181871891, 0.0541...
Nonoccupational\n\texposure\toccurs\tin\tolder\thomes\nwhere\tlead-based\tpaints\twere\tused,\twater\tpipes,\nimported\tceramics\tand\tpottery,\therbal\tremedies,\ntraditional\tcosmetics,\thair\tdyes,\tcontaminated\tsoil,\ntoys,\tand\tcostume\tjewelry.\nAlterations\tin\tgenomic\nmethylation\nIntellectual\nimpairment\nI...
[ 0.033670295029878616, -0.025047380477190018, 0.06602754443883896, -0.022226978093385696, -0.09942841529846191, -0.002305856440216303, 0.07461634278297424, -0.030027305707335472, 0.018204787746071815, 0.05890161171555519, 0.06123940274119377, -0.07864078879356384, 0.031041327863931656, 0.00...
Intellectual\nimpairment\nIncreased\tlikelihood\tof\nallergies\nMercury\nMercury\tfrom\tcoal-fired\tpower\tplants\tis\tthe\tlargest\nman-made\tsource\tof\tmercury\tpollution\n\tin\tthe\nUnited\tStates.\tPrimary\thuman\texposure\tis\tby\nconsumption\tof\tcontaminated\tseafood.\nReduced\tcognitive\nperformance\nImpaired\...
[ 0.01301653403788805, -0.0396670401096344, 0.025112956762313843, -0.0017574288649484515, -0.05080999433994293, 0.027964195236563683, 0.03220353648066521, 0.012009607627987862, -0.07250894606113434, 0.10902048647403717, 0.10940868407487869, -0.06181807070970535, -0.03801794722676277, 0.02319...
performance\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nPolychlorinated\nbiphenyls\nPolychlorinated\tbiphenyls\twere\tused\tas\tindustrial\ninsulators\tand\tlubricants.\tThey\twere\tbanned\tin\tthe\n1970s\tbut\tare\tpersistent\tin\tthe\taquatic\tand\nterrestrial\tfood\tchains,\tresulting\tin\texposure\tby\ningestion.\nDevelopment\tof...
[ 0.01967979595065117, -0.017891891300678253, 0.017504090443253517, 0.015621672384440899, -0.021957553923130035, 0.05507403239607811, 0.0520084910094738, 0.05179674178361893, -0.0783156082034111, 0.050746217370033264, 0.09946569055318832, -0.024630555883049965, -0.014095435850322247, 0.05494...
attention-\ndeficit/hyperactivity\ndisorder-associated\nbehavior\nIncreased\tbody\tmass\nindex\nReduced\tIQ\nAir\tpollutants\nCommon\tair\tpollutants\tinclude\tcarbon\tmonoxide,\tlead,\nground-level\tozone,\tparticulate\tmatter,\tnitrogen\ndioxide,\tand\tsulfur\tdioxide.\tAir\tpollution\tarises\tfrom\nLow\tbirth\tweigh...
[ 0.02157529629766941, -0.08132661879062653, 0.011963099241256714, 0.006500206887722015, -0.00824110396206379, 0.028392983600497246, 0.047797754406929016, 0.028933748602867126, -0.027513640001416206, 0.08363638073205948, 0.061516255140304565, -0.0467677041888237, -0.0156999621540308, 0.02827...
a\tvariety\tof\tsources,\tincluding\tmotor\tvehicles,\nindustrial\tproduction,\tenergy\t(coal)\tproduction,\nwood\tburning,\tand\tsmall\n\tlocal\tsources\tsuch\tas\tdry\ncleaners.\nCigarette\tsmoke\nCigarette\tsmoke\texposure\tincludes\tactive\tsmoking,\npassive\tsmoking,\tor\tboth.\nMiscarriage\nIntrauterine\tgrowth\n...
[ -0.01924869231879711, -0.050586190074682236, 0.071722611784935, -0.01476226281374693, -0.03687897324562073, 0.00765277910977602, 0.05764828622341156, 0.012150008231401443, -0.09896456450223923, 0.1256728619337082, 0.11213986575603485, -0.09414929151535034, 0.010801645927131176, 0.033122859...
restriction\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nPreterm\tdelivery\nDecreased\tsemen\nquality\nPerchlorate\nPerchlorate\tis\tused\tto\tproduce\trocket\tfuel,\tfireworks,\nflares,\tand\texplosives\tand\talso\tcan\tbe\tpresent\tin\nbleach\n\tand\tsome\tfertilizers.\tSources\tof\texposure\nare\tcontaminated\tdrinking\twater,\tfood,\tand\...
[ -0.013013157062232494, -0.005669282749295235, 0.04588526487350464, -0.0034186728298664093, -0.014619020745158195, 0.01125902496278286, 0.1017564907670021, -0.053940027952194214, -0.060279689729213715, 0.016333861276507378, 0.09320283681154251, -0.07049012929201126, 0.03970801457762718, 0.0...
nonwater\tbeverages.\tInfants\talso\tmay\tbe\texposed\nthrough\tbreastmilk.\nAltered\tthyroid\nfunction\nPerfluorochemicals\nPerfluorochemicals\tare\twidely\tused\tman-made\norganofluorine\tcompounds\twith\tmany\tdiverse\nindustrial\tand\tconsumer\tproduct\tapplications.\nExamples\tare\tperfluorooctane\tsulfonate\tand\...
[ -0.0273132361471653, -0.05633104220032692, 0.06723551452159882, -0.011536257341504097, 0.003433049190789461, -0.01567818783223629, 0.08508437871932983, 0.040383774787187576, -0.02442498318850994, 0.03364596515893936, 0.07574915885925293, -0.06832631677389145, -0.019581593573093414, 0.02478...
perfluorooctanate,\n\twhich\tare\tused\tin\tcookware\nproducts\twith\tnonstick\tsurfaces\tand\tin\tpackaging\nto\tprovide\tgrease,\toil,\tand\twater\tresistance\tto\nplates,\tfood\tcontainers,\tbags,\tand\twraps\tthat\tcome\ninto\tcontact\twith\tfood.\tThey\tpersist\tin\tthe\nenvironment.\tOccupational\texposure\tand\t...
[ -0.009948688559234142, -0.04036552831530571, 0.08967427164316177, -0.036402054131031036, -0.014794275164604187, -0.0018674894236028194, 0.11036330461502075, 0.006750104017555714, -0.01929083839058876, 0.057986896485090256, 0.07820320129394531, -0.09638839215040207, 0.03955884650349617, 0.0...
population\texposure\toccur\tby\tinhalation,\tingestion,\nand\tdermal\tcontact.\nReduced\tbirth\tweight\nPolybrominated\ndiphenyl\tethers\nThese\n\tinclude\tflame\tretardant\tmaterials\tthat\tpersist\nand\tbioaccumulate\tin\tthe\tenvironment.\tThey\tare\nfound\tin\tfurniture,\ttextiles,\tcarpeting,\telectronics,\nand\t...
[ 0.03465672582387924, -0.06430941820144653, 0.07839658111333847, -0.012069985270500183, -0.06908458471298218, -0.01740163378417492, 0.060763515532016754, 0.007313033565878868, -0.04163776710629463, 0.09624522924423218, 0.14610625803470612, -0.09337989240884781, 0.034361425787210464, 0.02686...
and\tplastics\tthat\tare\tmixed\tinto\tbut\tnot\tbound\tto\nfoam\tor\tplastic.\nImpaired\nneurodevelopment\nPremature\tdelivery\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nStillbirth\nBisphenol-A\nBisphenol-A\tis\ta\tchemical\tintermediate\tfor\npolycarbonate\tplastic\tand\tresins.\tIt\tis\tfound\n\tin\tfood,\nconsumer\tproducts,\tand\tpacka...
[ 0.01104156207293272, -0.05430254340171814, 0.07901675254106522, -0.003677481785416603, -0.04671328887343407, 0.032619938254356384, 0.09170843660831451, 0.02073775790631771, -0.011229079216718674, 0.07148462533950806, 0.12805527448654175, -0.059314049780368805, 0.00024162416229955852, 0.008...
occurs\tthrough\tinhalation,\tingestion,\tand\tdermal\nabsorption.\nRecurrent\tmiscarriage\nAggression\tand\nhyperactivity\tin\nfemale\tchildren\nFormaldehyde\nFormaldehyde\tis\tused\tin\tthe\tproduction\tof\twood\nadhesives,\tabrasive\tmaterials,\tand\tother\tindustrial\nproducts\tand\tin\tclinical\tlaboratories\tand\...
[ 0.008174770511686802, -0.052687983959913254, 0.04727637767791748, -0.03765745088458061, -0.0008639240986667573, 0.04106301814317703, 0.08694162964820862, 0.04924241825938225, 0.006246147211641073, 0.0970296785235405, 0.10994160175323486, -0.02374410815536976, -0.011035272851586342, 0.06815...
embalming.\tIt\tis\tfound\tin\tsome\tgermicides,\nfungicides,\n\tinsecticides,\tand\tpersonal\tcare\nproducts.\tRoutes\tof\texposure\tare\toral,\tdermal,\tand\ninhaled.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nAntineoplastic\ndrugs\nThis\tclass\tof\tchemotherapy\tdrugs\tpresents\tan\noccupational\texposure\tfor\tnur...
[ -0.02584448643028736, -0.020206671208143234, 0.09379865974187851, -0.02100149542093277, -0.06497365981340408, -0.023606790229678154, 0.09471599757671356, 0.03884492814540863, -0.06515178084373474, 0.07434135675430298, 0.08264133334159851, -0.06495855748653412, -0.006212092470377684, 0.0512...
care\tprofessionals.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nLow\tbirth\tweight\nAnesthetic\tgases\nAnesthetic\tgases\tare\tadministered\tby\tinhalation\tin\nhealth\tcare\tsettings\n\tand\tveterinary\tcare.\nOccupational\texposure\tis\ta\trisk\tfor\tnurses,\nphysicians,\tdentists,\tveterinarians,\tand\tother\thealth\ncare\tprofessiona...
[ 0.01880783587694168, -0.022367998957633972, 0.05960797518491745, -0.018780279904603958, -0.09816587716341019, -0.02547934278845787, 0.09901600331068039, -0.0336400642991066, -0.04409943148493767, 0.06307214498519897, 0.05771613493561745, -0.07355262339115143, 0.015934860333800316, 0.015432...
anesthetic\tgases\tare\tused.\nCongenital\tanomalies\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nEthylene\toxide\nEthylene\toxide\tis\tused\tto\tsterilize\theat-sensitive\nmedical\titems,\tsurgical\tinstruments,\tand\tother\nobjects\tthat\tcome\tinto\tcontact\twith\tbiologic\n\ttissues.\nOccupational\texposure\tis\ta\trisk\tin\tsome\theal...
[ 0.04555077850818634, -0.05232727527618408, 0.07069361954927444, -0.010977749712765217, -0.10708002746105194, 0.006330673582851887, 0.08308819681406021, 0.027862465009093285, -0.008625026792287827, 0.09602057188749313, 0.04672563076019287, -0.08745034784078598, 0.019533436745405197, 0.03557...
settings,\tparticularly\tsterilization\tunits.\tExposure\tis\nthrough\tinhalation.\nSpontaneous\tabortion\nand\tpregnancy\tloss\nPreterm\tand\tpostterm\nbirth\nReprinted\twith\tpermission\tfrom\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists:\tExposure\tto\ttoxic\tenvironmental\tagents,\tcompanion\ndocument.\...
[ 0.04882119968533516, 0.014006645418703556, 0.06054917350411415, 0.008956841193139553, -0.08596666902303696, -0.008916979655623436, 0.02463042363524437, 0.008176621980965137, -0.03599855303764343, 0.06909264624118805, 0.07973062247037888, -0.09616760164499283, 0.0020954571664333344, -0.0024...
document.\tRetrieved\tfrom\t\nhttps://www.acog.org/-/media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-\nWomen/ExposuretoToxic.pdf\n,\t2013d.\nA\tfather’s\tregular\tpreconceptual\tsmoking\tis\tassociated\twith\tDNA\tdamage\tto\tthe\tsperm,\tbut\tit\tis\nunclear\twhether\tmale\tfertility\tis\treduced\t(\...
[ 0.023097984492778778, -0.013554445467889309, 0.022641975432634354, 0.01057727262377739, -0.07191725075244904, -0.011271578259766102, 0.05503121018409729, 0.11307728290557861, -0.008702661842107773, 0.04545607045292854, 0.07726234942674637, 0.007038027048110962, -0.03054060786962509, 0.0190...
Practice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tSmoking\talso\tincreases\tthe\nrisk\tthat\this\tchild\twill\thave\tacute\tlymphoblastic\tleukemia,\tbut\tthe\tabsolute\trisk\tis\tstill\tvery\tsmall,\nraising\tit\tfrom\t27\tper\tmillion\tbirths\tto\t34\tper\tmillion\tbirths\t(\nVan\tder\tZee\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\n\tMaternal\nsmoking\tis\t...
[ 0.012545430101454258, -0.020411880686879158, 0.05250193551182747, -0.06278032809495926, -0.14368484914302826, 0.031313829123973846, 0.07695543020963669, 0.023257553577423096, -0.03306858241558075, 0.04559876024723053, 0.08294866234064102, -0.024668261408805847, 0.01658698543906212, 0.05391...
Practice\tCommittee,\t2017\n).\tHabitual\nalcohol\tconsumption\tmay\tbe\tassociated\twith\treduced\tsemen\tquality\tand\tchanges\tin\ttestosterone\tand\nsex\thormone-binding\tglobulin\tlevels.\tAlthough\thigher\tintakes\tare\tof\tmore\tconcern,\teven\tfive\tdrinks\nper\tweek\thave\tbeen\tassociated\twith\ta\treduced\ts...
[ 0.041220035403966904, -0.04039527475833893, 0.07164415717124939, -0.045031651854515076, -0.12244013696908951, 0.03685750812292099, 0.05332421138882637, -0.016095086932182312, -0.000956226431299001, 0.04042511433362961, 0.0433165580034256, -0.04047038406133652, 0.02281719259917736, 0.040796...
reduction\n\tin\tthe\tpercentage\tof\tspermatozoa\twith\tnormal\tmorphology\t(\nJensen\tet\tal,\t2014\n).
[ 0.013154339976608753, 0.08229899406433105, 0.0744553729891777, -0.000003843727881758241, -0.026251552626490593, 0.02801588736474514, 0.01762996055185795, 0.04478297755122185, 0.004838039632886648, 0.07879097759723663, 0.085512675344944, -0.007248138543218374, -0.01680486463010311, 0.091020...
Obesity\tand\tendocrine\tconditions\nPreconceptual\tobesity\traises\trisk\tfor\tmen\tand\twomen.\tIn\tmen,\televated\tBMI\tis\tassociated\twith\tlower\nsuccess\twith\tin\tvitro\tfertilization\t(IVF).\tMaternal\tprepregnant\tobesity\tis\tcorrelated\twith\tlower\trates\nof\tconception,\thigher\trates\tof\tcongenital\tano...
[ 0.019663089886307716, -0.028014548122882843, 0.056496743112802505, 0.03329844772815704, -0.07101819664239883, 0.01220305822789669, 0.09710391610860825, 0.025692297145724297, -0.05311504751443863, 0.04286380112171173, 0.09468920528888702, -0.036842163652181625, 0.016965558752417564, 0.01022...
Merhi\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nObesity\taffects\toocyte\tdevelopment,\tovulation,\tembryo\tdevelopment,\tendometrial\tdevelopment,\nimplantation,\tand\tpregnancy\tloss.\tObesity\tin\tpregnancy\tand\tpostpartum\tis\tcorrelated\twith\tlactation\nfailure\t(\nGarcia\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThose\twith\tknown\tdiabetes\tand\thypothy...
[ 0.0012931139208376408, 0.03330851346254349, 0.015440468676388264, -0.010890545323491096, 0.007903349585831165, 0.04664173349738121, 0.04102616757154465, 0.042154837399721146, -0.006669920403510332, 0.07229027897119522, 0.15501824021339417, -0.03364729881286621, -0.011005361564457417, -0.02...
should\tbe\tin\tgood\tcontrol\tbefore\tconception.\tAlthough\tweight\tloss\timproves\tfertility\tfor\twomen,\tit\nhas\n\tless\teffect\ton\tfertility\tin\tmen\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tSpecial\tCase\tof\tObesity\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nSpecial\tCase\tof\tObesity\nThe\trates\tof\tobesity\thave\tincreased\tdramatically\tin\tindu...
[ -0.007836828008294106, -0.07578523457050323, 0.04702772945165634, -0.034356772899627686, -0.09476014226675034, 0.030172212049365044, 0.0886707603931427, 0.043812137097120285, -0.006926223170012236, 0.05914516746997833, 0.12497908622026443, -0.050663504749536514, 0.04586542770266533, 0.0759...
developing\tcountries\t(see\t\nChapter\t20\n).\tAmong\twomen\twith\tobesity,\trates\tof\tconception\tare\tlower\nand\t\ncongenital\tanomalies\n\t(neural\ttube\tdefects\t[NTDs],\tcardiovascular\tanomalies,\toral\tclefts,\nanorectal\tatresia,\thydrocephaly,\tlimb\treductions,\tspina\tbifida)\toccur\tmore\tfrequently\tand...
[ -0.02510935068130493, -0.06907922774553299, 0.04170414060354233, -0.035646360367536545, -0.09206178039312363, -0.01719888299703598, 0.028351880609989166, 0.054253242909908295, 0.0644623264670372, 0.053747884929180145, 0.05542345345020294, -0.031749509274959564, -0.004270211327821016, 0.031...
detected\tless\toften\tprenatally\tthan\tin\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation.\tRates\tof\tNTDs\tincrease\twith\tthe\ndegree\tof\tobesity.\tFor\twomen\twith\tsevere\tobesity,\trates\tare\tmore\tthan\ttriple\tthat\tfor\twomen\twith\nnormal\tweight.\tSupplementation\twith\tfolic\n\tacid\tis\tnot\tas\tprotective\tfor\tthese\twome...
[ 0.019479837268590927, -0.05731657147407532, 0.0390603207051754, -0.021770186722278595, -0.04390013590455055, -0.0069994842633605, 0.10503681749105453, 0.0004679048142861575, -0.014645053073763847, 0.047910988330841064, 0.1202811524271965, -0.0767989382147789, 0.051368143409490585, 0.059692...
acid\tis\tnot\tas\tprotective\tfor\tthese\twomen,\tbut\tthe\nbenefit\tof\tsupplementing\twith\tmore\tthan\t400\tmcg\tfolic\tacid/day\thas\tnot\tbeen\tstudied.\nWomen\twith\tobesity\thave\tan\texaggerated\tresponse\tto\tthe\tnormal\tphysiologic\tchanges\tof\npregnancy.\tThey\thave\tincreased\trisk\tof\tcardiac\tdysfunct...
[ 0.01858326606452465, -0.07764343917369843, 0.05266571789979935, -0.021234652027487755, -0.07541581243276596, 0.030168181285262108, 0.08264219760894775, 0.07338575273752213, -0.015669656917452812, 0.028992120176553726, 0.09818655252456665, -0.016805263236165047, 0.055829327553510666, 0.0403...
nonalcoholic\tliver\tdisease,\tgestational\tdiabetes,\tand\tpreeclampsia\t(\nAmerican\tCollege\tof\nObstetricians\tand\tGynecologists\t[ACOG],\t2015d\n).\tGenetic,\thormonal,\tand\tbiochemical\nenvironments\tare\taltered,\tinfluencing\tfetal\tgrowth\tand\torgan\tdevelopment.\tWomen\twho\tenter
[ 0.02052350528538227, -0.0391988530755043, 0.05249744653701782, 0.029912497848272324, -0.058623239398002625, 0.02087496966123581, 0.07369008660316467, 0.009507758542895317, -0.00816370826214552, 0.0746002346277237, 0.11037684231996536, -0.08160033077001572, -0.038287531584501266, 0.03769461...
pregnancy\twith\ta\tbody\tmass\tindex\t(BMI)\tgreater\tthan\t30\thave\ta\thigher\trisk\tof\tspontaneous\nabortion\t(SAB,\ti.e.,\tmiscarriage),\t\nintrauterine\tfetal\tdemise\t(IUFD)\n\tor\tstillbirth,\twith\tthe\trisk\tof\nmany\tcomplications\tincreasing\tlinearly\t(\nNelson\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tThese\twomen\tare\tmore\...
[ -0.046352967619895935, 0.0021346204448491335, 0.037285156548023224, -0.02780637890100479, -0.08296481519937515, 0.008839990012347698, 0.04929957911372185, 0.018566764891147614, -0.03407630696892738, 0.06625857204198837, 0.10866784304380417, -0.10788839310407639, -0.027015352621674538, -0.0...
Nelson\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tThese\twomen\tare\tmore\n\tlikely\tto\thave\nintrapartum,\toperative,\tand\tpostoperative\tcomplications,\tincluding\tanemia\tand\tpostpartum\ndepression.\tIncreased\trisks\tof\tmaternal\tmorbidity\tand\tmortality\tare\tassociated\twith\tincreasing\ndegrees\tof\tobesity\t(\nLisonkova\tet\tal,...
[ -0.048592038452625275, -0.0002844462578650564, 0.04026677832007408, -0.00835453812032938, -0.07608349621295929, 0.03693167865276337, 0.05536052957177162, 0.026389403268694878, -0.026916414499282837, 0.1093343123793602, 0.0750899612903595, -0.042242974042892456, -0.013944984413683414, 0.009...
).\tWomen\twith\tobesity\tare\tless\tlikely\tto\tinitiate\nbreastfeeding\tand\tmore\tlikely\tto\texperience\tlactation\tfailure.\nNormal\tfetal\tgrowth\tpatterns\tare\tdisrupted.\n\tRisk\tis\tincreased\tfor\tmacrosomia,\tbirth\tinjury\n(shoulder\tdystocia,\tbrachial\tplexus\tinjury,\tfetal\thypoxia),\tand\tchildhood\to...
[ 0.02544044516980648, -0.04133400693535805, 0.060180291533470154, -0.03616206720471382, -0.1460423618555069, -0.023489410057663918, 0.07908553630113602, 0.008708612993359566, -0.003081147326156497, 0.05445369705557823, 0.11725936830043793, -0.03394760936498642, -0.0004564550472423434, 0.021...
significant\trates\tof\tgrowth-restricted\tbabies\tand\tpreterm\tdeliveries.\tInfants\tof\twomen\twith\nobesity\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\trequire\tadmission\tto\tthe\tneonatal\tintensive\tcare\tunit\t(NICU).\tThere\tis\ta\nlinear\tassociation\tbetween\tmaternal\tBMI\tand\tneonatal\tdeath\n\tand\tboth\tneonatal\tmorbidity...
[ 0.05593869090080261, -0.052180949598550797, 0.07958230376243591, -0.0025628504808992147, -0.08699978142976761, 0.01477213203907013, 0.07987745106220245, 0.04662926867604256, -0.011303035542368889, 0.07020597159862518, 0.11512891948223114, -0.05937398597598076, -0.05609796941280365, 0.05287...
and\tboth\tneonatal\tmorbidity\tand\nmaternal\tcomplications\tare\tsignificantly\thigher\twhen\tmaternal\tBMI\tis\tat\tleast\t60\t(\nKim\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\nAlthough\texcessive\tgestational\tweight\tgain\tis\tcommon\tamong\twomen\twho\tare\toverweight\tor\nobese,\tand\tthis\tweight\tgain\tis\tassociated\twith\tsimilar\...
[ 0.03172261267900467, -0.014671441167593002, 0.07724906504154205, 0.03152942657470703, -0.11894001811742783, -0.020832089707255363, 0.08235900849103928, -0.0010806493228301406, -0.08161348849534988, 0.06555869430303574, 0.09573641419410706, -0.06872297078371048, 0.019672803580760956, -0.005...
usually\tthought\tto\tbe\tthe\tmore\timportant\tfactor.\tWeight\tloss\tbefore\tpregnancy\tis\n\trecommended\nand\twomen\twho\thave\tundergone\tbariatric\tsurgery\tare\tless\tlikely\tto\tdevelop\tgestational\tdiabetes,\nhypertension,\tpreeclampsia,\tor\tto\thave\ta\tmacrosomic\tinfant.\tWeight\tloss\tmedications\tare\tn...
[ 0.0018700228538364172, -0.016063842922449112, 0.03890039771795273, 0.02478693425655365, -0.09495771676301956, -0.00185082305688411, 0.040298499166965485, 0.032251130789518356, -0.017301149666309357, 0.06466425955295563, 0.1264786571264267, -0.04872869700193405, 0.018890459090471268, -0.015...
recommended\tbecause\tof\tsafety\tconcerns\tat\tconception\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\tThe\toptimal\ttiming\tand\nextent\tof\tthat\tweight\tloss\tis\tbeing\texamined.\nHow\tmaternal\tobesity\tmediates\tpoor\tmaternal\tand\tfetal\toutcomes\n\tis\tnot\tclear\t(\nCatalano\tand\nShankar,\t2017\n).\tThere\tare\tlikely\tgenetic\ta...
[ 0.004656152334064245, -0.02323012612760067, 0.04592852666974068, -0.022508038207888603, -0.08179082721471786, 0.020689912140369415, 0.028483709320425987, 0.013463111594319344, -0.04478498920798302, 0.08410105109214783, 0.10002386569976807, -0.06913359463214874, -0.009504605084657669, 0.021...
exposure\tto\thyperglycemia\twas\tthe\tmain\tpredictor,\tbut\tit\tis\tnow\trecognized\tthat\tother\tfactors\tare\nalso\timportant,\tincluding\thypertriglyceridemia,\tinsulin\tand\tinsulin\tresistance,\tandrogens,\tleptin,\nincreased\tblood\tpressure,\tinflammation,\tand\toxidative\tstress.\tBoth\tplacental\tand\n\tfeta...
[ 0.02436636947095394, -0.005301466211676598, 0.09721776843070984, 0.008439966477453709, 0.015526059083640575, 0.05353768169879913, 0.1300744265317917, 0.06122549623250961, -0.030162006616592407, 0.05704972520470619, 0.07041501998901367, -0.04861636832356453, 0.015572755597531796, 0.00521972...
fetal\tfunctioning\nare\taffected.\tObesity\tand\tinflammation\tare\tcausally\tlinked\tto\tinsulin\tresistance.\tHow\tmaternal\ninflammation\taffects\tdevelopmental\tprogramming,\tleading\tto\tincreased\tinfant\tadiposity,\tis\tnot\nknown\tbut\tthere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tfetal\tinflammation\texists\talso.\tObesit...
[ 0.03313097730278969, -0.06543517112731934, 0.058266475796699524, -0.021467410027980804, -0.08099957555532455, 0.01664196513593197, 0.07983075082302094, 0.010270695202052593, -0.003251288551837206, 0.0776607096195221, 0.08004946261644363, -0.05287013575434685, -0.01052307803183794, 0.029495...
adiponectin,\tis\tassociated\twith\tincreased\tfetal\tgrowth.\tThe\tnormal\ttwofold\tto\tthreefold\tincrease\nin\tserum\tcholesterol\tand\tfree\tfatty\tacid\tlevels\tduring\tpregnancy\tare\texaggerated\tin\twomen\twith\nobesity.\tPlacentas\tof\tthese\twomen\thave\taltered\televated\tinflammation\tmarkers\tand\tlower\ts...
[ -0.004267103970050812, -0.04922087490558624, 0.060558199882507324, 0.029407648369669914, -0.0854884460568428, -0.01934927888214588, 0.08260325342416763, 0.0517423041164875, 0.005941001232713461, 0.047047533094882965, 0.10683413594961166, -0.0591563880443573, -0.02581827901303768, 0.0020299...
hormone\tlevels,\tpossibly\tin\tresponse\tto\tmaternal\thyperinsulinemia.\tThese\tplacentas\tcontain\nhigher\tlipid\tlevels\tbut\tmodified\tuptake\tof\tthe\tLCPUFAs.\tTriglycerides\tdo\tnot\tpass\tthrough\tthe\nplacenta\teasily,\tbut\n\tthere\tis\tincreased\tplacental\ttransfer\tof\tmetabolites\tand\tan\tincrease\tin\t...
[ -0.0018881182186305523, -0.10205186158418655, 0.0007096900953911245, 0.025206223130226135, -0.06824944913387299, 0.019283127039670944, 0.06165209412574768, 0.02397073805332184, -0.05800282210111618, 0.05010727792978287, 0.09374125301837921, -0.03234083577990532, -0.030911680310964584, -0.0...
deposits\twith\tobesity.\tAltered\tplacental\tdevelopment\tor\tfunction,\tleading\tto\taltered\tamino\tacid\ntransfer,\tcontributes\tto\ta\tfetal\thyperinsulinemic\tstate.\tIn\taddition,\tobesity\tis\tassociated\twith\ntissue-specific\tchanges\tin\tmitochondrial\tfunction\tand\televated\toxidative\tstress.\tHigh\tlipid...
[ 0.033155906945466995, -0.030194049701094627, 0.08663026988506317, -0.008486035279929638, -0.058500614017248154, -0.006528450641781092, 0.1078733578324318, 0.020690517500042915, -0.018206439912319183, 0.06508670747280121, 0.10415738075971603, -0.04195616766810417, 0.020059246569871902, 0.03...
also\tmay\tcause\tepigenetic\n\tchanges\tin\tlipid\tsensing\tand\tmetabolism\tgenes.\tObesity\tmay\talso\talter\nthe\tregulation\tof\tappetite,\tsatiety,\tand\tadipocyte\tmaturation\tof\tthe\tfetus.\tIron\tstatus\tin\tthe\ncontext\tof\tobesity\tis\tunderstudied\t(\nVricella,\t2017\n).\tThese\twomen\tmay\thave\tless\tpl...
[ 0.043546564877033234, -0.044328149408102036, 0.06569444388151169, -0.03909582272171974, -0.11589072644710541, 0.028020134195685387, 0.05091990530490875, -0.05229010060429573, 0.021225443109869957, 0.10583676397800446, 0.10495389252901077, -0.058868199586868286, 0.01269338745623827, 0.00998...
Vricella,\t2017\n).\tThese\twomen\tmay\thave\tless\tplasma\tvolume\nexpansion,\tresulting\tin\thigher\themoglobin\tvalues.\tOn\tthe\tother\thand,\tbecause\tof\tthe\tincreased\ninflammation\tassociated\twith\tobesity,\tthey\tpotentially\n\thave\thigher\thepcidin\tlevels,\tlowering\nhemoglobin\tlevels.\nBabies\tthat\tare...
[ 0.02379237301647663, -0.04243602603673935, 0.04789190739393234, -0.05723981186747551, -0.1255810409784317, 0.005191087257117033, 0.06788930296897888, 0.01483582891523838, -0.028638768941164017, 0.08362672477960587, 0.07961536198854446, -0.04267718642950058, 0.04571931064128876, 0.037575654...
Uwaezuoke\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tBoth\tthe\tnutrient\tand\thormonal\tcontent\tof\tbreastmilk\tis\taltered\twith\tmaternal\tobesity.\tIn\naddition,\tthe\tinfant\tmicrobiome\tis\talso\taltered\tbecause\tof\tthe\tchanges\tin\thuman\tmilk\noligosaccharides.\tDevelopmental\tprogramming\tand\tinteractions\n\twith\tthe\tearly\td...
[ -0.00027665760717354715, -0.012355668470263481, 0.07600679248571396, -0.031862158328294754, -0.08108323812484741, 0.027625733986496925, 0.09356638044118881, -0.02151900716125965, -0.0291783157736063, 0.08729272335767746, 0.12851816415786743, -0.08369208127260208, 0.032922033220529556, 0.02...
both\tbe\timportant\t(\nCatalano\tand\tShankar,\t2017\n).\nBabies\tborn\tto\tobese\tmothers\thave\tpermanently\taltered\tbody\tweight-regulating\tmechanisms,\nincluding\tthe\thypothalamic\tresponse\tto\tleptin,\tregulation\tof\tappetite,\tand\tpancreatic\tbeta-cell\nphysiology.\tThere\tare\talso\tchanges\tin\tthe\tadip...
[ 0.007564500905573368, -0.052316151559352875, 0.04810323566198349, -0.023815084248781204, -0.09384096413850784, 0.04306824132800102, 0.07248080521821976, -0.014804837293922901, 0.0026077416259795427, 0.12090986222028732, 0.08853898197412491, -0.08398756384849548, -0.031028304249048233, 0.02...
hypertension,\tand\tdiabetes\tas\tadults.\n\tIn\taddition,\tthese\tbabies\thave\tincreased\trisk\tof\tallergy\tand\natopy,\tpossibly\tthrough\tthe\tintestinal\tdysbiosis\tand\treduced\tmicrobial\tdiversity.\tMaternal\tobesity\nalso\tnegatively\taffects\tmaturation\tand\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tneonate’s\timmune\tsystem\t...
[ 0.025930067524313927, -0.055781763046979904, 0.02435111626982689, 0.0013808599906042218, -0.09137075394392014, 0.014160176739096642, 0.08269887417554855, 0.035631321370601654, -0.06622574478387833, 0.0874115601181984, 0.10513896495103836, -0.04602374508976936, -0.026821276172995567, 0.0568...
of\tmaternal\tnutrition\tand\texposure\tto\tinfections\tand/or\ttheir\ttreatments\tare\tas\tyet\tunclear\n(\nGodfrey\tet\tal,\t2017b\n).\tThe\trole\tof\tboth\tthe\tmaternal\n\tand\tnewborn\tgut\tmicrobiome\tin\tfetal\nprogramming\tis\tunknown\tbut\tmay\tbe\timportant\t(\nZhou\tand\tXiao,\t2018\n).\tMaternal\tobesity\ti...
[ 0.04001043736934662, -0.031140796840190887, 0.04185863584280014, -0.03504303842782974, -0.06114710867404938, 0.0125051848590374, 0.07496819645166397, 0.01363916415721178, 0.02390114963054657, 0.07711905241012573, 0.08069410175085068, -0.04193592071533203, 0.011247225105762482, 0.0433765947...
Zhou\tand\tXiao,\t2018\n).\tMaternal\tobesity\tis\nassociated\twith\tan\tincreased\trisk\tof\tautism\tspectrum\tdisorders,\tdevelopmental\tdelay,\tand\nattention-deficit/hyperactive\tdisorder\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\tAnimal\tresearch\thas\tidentified\tpotential\nmechanisms,\tincluding\tconcentrations\tof\tfatty\tacids\tan...
[ -0.01647050306200981, -0.008097430691123009, 0.05349108576774597, 0.007411767728626728, -0.09865645319223404, 0.02579462341964245, 0.11495188623666763, -0.012562782503664494, 0.0008929871255531907, 0.06048111990094185, 0.13010860979557037, -0.03600765019655228, 0.005799028556793928, 0.0341...
and\tinsulin,\tand\tinflammatory\tmediators\tinterleukins\tand\ttumor\tnecrosis\tfactor\tthat\tcross\tthe\nplacenta\tand\tinfluence\tneuroendocrine\tdevelopment,\tneuronal\tproliferation,\tand\tbrain\ndevelopment\t(\nGodfrey\tet\tal,\t2017b\n).\tInteractions\twith\tthe\tenvironment\tand\tepigenetic\teffects\tare
[ 0.0060571120120584965, -0.030483428388834, 0.05013450235128403, -0.03446461632847786, -0.039275649935007095, 0.042611557990312576, 0.09606049209833145, 0.05740506947040558, -0.002833438804373145, 0.08147942274808884, 0.11081097275018692, -0.060543451458215714, -0.019364388659596443, 0.0760...
).\tInteractions\twith\tthe\tenvironment\tand\tepigenetic\teffects\tare\nalso\tlikely\timportant.\tHowever,\tthe\trelative\timpact\tof\tmaternal\tobesity,\tgestational\tweight\tgain,\nand\tdietary\tpatterns\tis\n\tnot\tyet\tclear\t(\nCatalano\tand\tShankar,\t2017\n).\nIt\tappears\tthat\tboth\tpreconception\tand\tperico...
[ 0.0014522263081744313, -0.02556859515607357, 0.0738578662276268, -0.02717500925064087, -0.08556067943572998, -0.007274858187884092, 0.07957855612039566, 0.029841462150216103, -0.014542723074555397, 0.0815906971693039, 0.10433614253997803, -0.08590381592512131, 0.018988924100995064, 0.02361...