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.\nCardiovascular\tand\tpulmonary\tfunction\nIncreased\tcardiac\toutput\taccompanies\tpregnancy,\tand\tcardiac\tsize\tincreases\tby\t12%.\tBlood\npressure,\tprimarily\tdiastolic,\tdecreases\tduring\tthe\tfirst\ttwo\ttrimesters\tbecause\tof\tperipheral\nvasodilation\tbut\tmay\treturn\tto\tprepregnancy\tvalues\tin\tthe\t...
[ 0.01865708827972412, -0.03275240957736969, 0.031817834824323654, 0.018840523436665535, -0.08989974111318588, 0.02890057861804962, 0.0748070627450943, 0.056351833045482635, -0.012972800992429256, 0.0537344254553318, 0.11420034617185593, -0.030247479677200317, -0.01362967025488615, 0.0036387...
Mild\tlower\textremity\nedema\tis\tnormal,\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\tpressure\tof\tthe\texpanding\tuterus\ton\tthe\tinferior\tvena\tcava.\nMaternal\toxygen\trequirements\tincrease\tand\tthe\tthreshold\tfor\tcarbon\tdioxide\tlowers,\twhich\tcan\nmake\tthe\tpregnant\twoman\tfeel\tdyspneic.\tCompensation\tresults\tfrom\tmore...
[ 0.0390968956053257, -0.021273132413625717, 0.08642012625932693, -0.005464984569698572, -0.11778074502944946, 0.005608992651104927, 0.057050157338380814, 0.008359134197235107, 0.0027249546255916357, 0.0679033175110817, 0.09963381290435791, -0.0564458854496479, 0.05216946452856064, 0.0321367...
exchange\tand\tlarger\tchest\tdiameter.\tIn\tthe\tthird\ttrimester,\tthe\tdiaphragm\tis\tpushed\tupwards\n\tby\tthe\ngrowing\tuterus,\twhich\tmay\talso\tcontribute\tto\tmaternal\tdyspnea.\nGastrointestinal\tfunction\nDuring\tpregnancy\tthe\tfunction\tof\tthe\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract\tchanges\tin\tseveral\tways\tt...
[ 0.022168423980474472, -0.07455949485301971, 0.06300099939107895, 0.021537819877266884, -0.1074937954545021, -0.0009273656760342419, 0.08519214391708374, -0.004521098453551531, -0.007177161984145641, 0.06253053992986679, 0.10153896361589432, -0.007126192562282085, 0.03240126371383667, -0.02...
nutritional\tstatus.\tGums\tmay\tbleed\tmore\teasily\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tblood\tflow.\tIn\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester\nnausea\tand\tvomiting\tmay\toccur,\tfollowed\tby\ta\treturn\tof\tappetite\tthat\tmay\tbe\travenous\t(see\t\nNausea\nand\tVomiting,\tHyperemesis\tGravidarum,\tand\tPtyalism\n).\tCravings\tfor\tand\taver...
[ -0.02239634096622467, -0.042572278529405594, 0.04886454716324806, 0.006310954224318266, -0.04382501170039177, 0.05385147035121918, 0.07645720988512039, -0.025800935924053192, -0.036013588309288025, 0.05433717742562294, 0.12182282656431198, -0.04165682569146156, 0.008490465581417084, -0.042...
common\t(see\t\nCravings,\tAversions,\tand\tPica\n).\tIncreased\tprogesterone\tconcentration\trelaxes\tthe\nuterine\tmuscle\tto\tallow\tfor\tfetal\tgrowth\twhile\talso\tdecreasing\tGI\tmotility\twith\tincreased\nreabsorption\tof\twater.\tThis\toften\tresults\tin\tconstipation.\tHowever,\tearly\thormonal\tchanges\tcan\t...
[ -0.0005479155806824565, -0.1082913801074028, 0.05900586396455765, -0.005261239130049944, -0.09089194238185883, 0.020813044160604477, 0.06341063231229782, 0.07079082727432251, 0.020503493025898933, 0.08194015175104141, 0.12790794670581818, -0.0249505415558815, 0.04013584554195404, 0.0628873...
cause\tdiarrhea\t(see\t\nConstipation,\tHemorrhoids,\tand\tDiarrhea\n).\tA\trelaxed\n\tlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\nand\tpressure\ton\tthe\tstomach\tfrom\tthe\tgrowing\tuterus\tcan\tcause\tregurgitation\tand\tgastric\treflux\n(see\t\nHeartburn\n).\nGallbladder\temptying\tbecomes\tless\tefficient\tbecause\tof\tthe\teff...
[ 0.027580536901950836, -0.0998249277472496, 0.06424658000469208, 0.027073992416262627, -0.11336350440979004, -0.03693890571594238, 0.037910640239715576, 0.05467842146754265, 0.023674435913562775, 0.03235435485839844, 0.07477211207151413, 0.006157014984637499, 0.036514587700366974, 0.0237783...
contractility.\tConstipation,\tdehydration,\tand\ta\tlow-calorie\tdiet\tare\trisk\tfactors\tfor\tgallstone\ndevelopment.\tDuring\tthe\tsecond\tand\tthird\ttrimesters,\tthe\tvolume\tof\tthe\n\tgallbladder\tdoubles\tand\tits\nability\tto\tempty\tefficiently\tis\treduced.\tBile\tcomposition\talso\tchanges,\tbecoming\tmore...
[ 0.0098206652328372, -0.0606989823281765, 0.037497758865356445, 0.0034310256596654654, -0.13475455343723297, -0.04525230452418327, 0.06346512585878372, 0.02288934588432312, -0.02037370763719082, 0.037603240460157394, 0.0606573112308979, -0.042182840406894684, 0.020055260509252548, 0.0596233...
increasing\tthe\tintrinsic\trisk\tof\tgallstones.\nImmune\tfunction\nPregnancy\thas\tbeen\tthought\tof\tas\ta\ttime\tof\toverall\timmunosuppression\tbut\tthere\tis\tlittle\tevidence\tto\nsupport\tthat\tidea.\tInstead,\tit\tappears\tto\tbe\ta\ttime\tof\timmunotransformation.\tIt\tis\thypothesized\tthat\nthe
[ 0.03503543511033058, -0.05623365193605423, 0.07267531752586365, -0.07048944383859634, -0.15071628987789154, 0.004860571585595608, 0.07211969047784805, 0.007807331625372171, 0.00975766684859991, 0.08470075577497482, 0.09223863482475281, -0.04959788918495178, 0.011833945289254189, 0.01969818...
the\n\tslow,\tgradual\trelease\tof\tpaternal/fetal\tantigens\tmay\tsomehow\tinduce\ttolerance\trather\tthan
[ 0.06283392012119293, -0.04571257531642914, -0.0028757338877767324, 0.010762560181319714, -0.05256522819399834, 0.07264363020658493, 0.04951871559023857, 0.014184028841555119, -0.041775621473789215, 0.10430974513292313, 0.11011306941509247, -0.055510081350803375, -0.08394085615873337, 0.042...
rejection,\tthus\tnot\trequiring\tthe\tsame\timmunosuppression\tas\tis\tnecessary\tfor\ttransplant\trecipients.\nSome\thumoral\tand\tcell-mediated\timmunologic\tfunctions\tdo\tappear\tto\tbe\tsuppressed,\tlikely\tto\taid\tin\nthe\tacceptance\tof\tthe\t“foreign”\tfetus.\tHowever,\tother\timmunologic\tcells\tappear\tto\t...
[ 0.00785328820347786, -0.034215666353702545, 0.0952114388346672, 0.007039661984890699, -0.11301585286855698, -0.01682955212891102, 0.10783173143863678, -0.00859395507723093, 0.050493430346250534, 0.05187852308154106, 0.0791471004486084, -0.08331790566444397, 0.037054393440485, 0.00941441953...
The\tfetal\timmune\n\tsystem\tappears\tto\taffect\tthe\tmaternal\tresponse\t(\nMor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\nan\teffective\tbarrier\tto\tmany\tpathogens\tbut\talso\tproduces\tsignals\tand\tregulates\tthe\timmune\tresponse\nat\tboth\tthe\timplantation\tsite\tand\talso\tsystemically\t(\nSilasi\tet\tal,\t2015...
[ 0.01793784834444523, -0.036915577948093414, 0.06648851186037064, -0.02494000643491745, -0.13143546879291534, 0.011966030113399029, 0.08023952692747116, -0.007558806799352169, 0.04233163595199585, 0.08940344303846359, 0.09921952337026596, -0.056403689086437225, 0.016280556097626686, 0.01938...
Silasi\tet\tal,\t2015\n)\tand,\tat\tleast\tin\tthe\tmurine\nmodel,\tperipheral\tblood\tmeasures\tof\timmune\tfunction\tmay\tnot\tbe\tappropriate\twindows\ton\tthe\nmaternal-fetal\tinterface\t(\nLewis\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nPregnancy\thas\tboth\tproinflammatory\tand\tantiinflammatory\tperiods\t(\nMor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tIt...
[ -0.04600908234715462, -0.01829124428331852, 0.08263622224330902, -0.03448467329144478, -0.13511084020137787, 0.02874361351132393, 0.049069564789533615, 0.030482811853289604, -0.016781585291028023, 0.0938306674361229, 0.11027845740318298, -0.08342710137367249, -0.019316228106617928, 0.03867...
Mor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tIt\tis\tnow\nknown\tthat\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester,\tas\twell\tas\tjust\tbefore\tlabor,\tare\tproinflammatory.\tThe\tearly\nproinflammatory\tresponse\tis\tnecessary\tfor\toptimal\tendometrial\tvascularity\tand\tis,\ttherefore,\nassociated\twith\ta\tsuccessful\tpregnancy.\tThe\tsecond\tand\tmost\tof...
[ 0.004634666256606579, -0.03145506978034973, 0.06448730826377869, -0.0060036336071789265, -0.07367514073848724, 0.025745294988155365, 0.029419224709272385, 0.030898572877049446, -0.0049087186343967915, 0.07027330994606018, 0.08080486953258514, -0.003885844722390175, -0.027534229680895805, 0...
antiinflammatory\tstates,\twhen\n\tthe\tmother\tand\tfetus\tare\tin\trelative\tequilibrium.\tExposure\tto\ninfections,\ttoxins,\tand\tenvironmental\tpollution,\tas\twell\tas\tmaternal\tpsychological\tstress,\tall\taffect\nmaternal\timmune\tfunction\tand\tinflammation\tin\tutero\t(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tWhen\tt...
[ 0.050957098603248596, -0.029938943684101105, 0.0717044323682785, -0.0266968235373497, -0.08781129866838455, 0.030391059815883636, 0.1028323546051979, 0.016295133158564568, -0.007124324329197407, 0.0853477269411087, 0.057332415133714676, -0.0671033188700676, 0.026509420946240425, 0.04375284...
Claycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tWhen\tthe\ninflammatory\tresponse\tis\texaggerated,\tas\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\tobesity,\tthe\trisk\tof\tnegative\tconsequences\nincreases,\tincluding\tthe\trisk\tof\tboth\tpreterm\tlabor\n\tand\tpreeclampsia.\tThe\texaggerated\tinflammatory\nresponse\tmay\talso\tnegatively\taffect\tfetal\tbra...
[ -0.003888698061928153, -0.053512003272771835, 0.09149394929409027, -0.04622029885649681, -0.11024370789527893, 0.030993806198239326, 0.06563802808523178, -0.006333114113658667, -0.03007602132856846, 0.07633068412542343, 0.09339533746242523, -0.08117036521434784, 0.0444120429456234, 0.03029...
New\tDirections:\n\tImmune\tFunction\nand\tBrain\tDevelopment\n).\tThere\tare\talso\tlikely\tnegative\tepigenetic\teffects\t(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nIt\tis\tstill\tnot\tcompletely\tclear\thow\tthe\timmune\tsystem\tand\tpregnancy\taffect\teach\tother\tbut\tthe\ninteraction\tis\tcritical\tfor\tthe\tsurvival\tof\t...
[ -0.007538077887147665, -0.06321579217910767, 0.06752443313598633, -0.03288466855883598, -0.10243742913007736, 0.024399932473897934, 0.08969292789697647, 0.0177519042044878, 0.015625139698386192, 0.12803146243095398, 0.14093665778636932, -0.04059655964374542, -0.016203487291932106, 0.031920...
child\tand,\tpossibly,\tfor\tfuture\tpregnancies.\nAlthough\tnutrition\tis\tlikely\timportant\tin\taffecting\tthe\tinflammatory\tresponse\tduring\tpregnancy,\tthe\nextent\tof\tthe\tdietary\tinfluence\t(\nVannuccini\tet\tal,\t2016\n),\tthe\tspecific\tdietary\tpatterns\tand\tcomponents\n(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n),\ta...
[ -0.014709913171827793, 0.025243302807211876, 0.06122313067317009, -0.02932039462029934, -0.07782864570617676, 0.024211859330534935, 0.10712738335132599, 0.01187973003834486, 0.015642931684851646, 0.04961177706718445, 0.13699261844158173, -0.0776720941066742, 0.015817811712622643, 0.0162390...
),\tand\tthe\timportance\tof\tindividual\tdifferences\t(\nBjørke-Monsen\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\nare\tall\tstill\tunknown\tbut\tare\tcurrently\tunder\tinvestigation\n\t(see\t\nChapter\t7\n).\n\t\nNEW\tDIRECTIONS\nImmune\tFunction\tand\tBrain\tDevelopment\nMaternal\tchronic\tlow-grade\tinflammation,\tcausing\tinflammation\tin...
[ -0.00878086220473051, 0.016582999378442764, 0.08329620212316513, -0.06477545946836472, -0.11500521004199982, 0.010922248475253582, 0.05327104777097702, -0.0024271116126328707, 0.0031745536252856255, 0.05884333699941635, 0.1011449471116066, -0.0679456889629364, -0.020349355414509773, 0.0163...
fetal\tbrain\tstructure\tdevelopment,\tnegatively\taffecting\tneurodevelopment\t(\nMiller\tand\tGeorgieff,\n2017\n).\tThis\tinflammation\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\tover-\tor\tundernutrition,\n\tbut\talso\tmaternal\tstress\tor\nanxiety.\tFetal\tinflammation\tis\tdirectly\ttoxic\tto\tthe\tdeveloping\tbrain\tbut\talso\treduces...
[ 0.01797296293079853, -0.04855247214436531, 0.04525936022400856, -0.034543752670288086, -0.09890636056661606, 0.04212305322289467, 0.042434897273778915, 0.001859857700765133, -0.02364426478743553, 0.10277355462312698, 0.1337972730398178, -0.0283895805478096, -0.017826085910201073, 0.0311571...
availability\tof\tnutrients\tessential\tfor\tneural\tmigration,\tneuronal\tgrowth,\tand\tdifferentiation.\nIn\taddition,\tit\tis\tnow\tthought\tthat\timmune\tmolecules\tare\timportant\tin\tregulating\tthe\ndevelopment\tof\tthe\tbrain\t(\nBilbo\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tCurrent\tresearch\thas\tbeen\tguided\tby\tthe\tworking\n...
[ 0.028307199478149414, -0.06377676129341125, 0.0160157959908247, -0.008573934435844421, -0.034387461841106415, 0.07846038043498993, 0.013693260960280895, 0.024257371202111244, -0.006241189315915108, 0.08341168612241745, 0.15965518355369568, -0.022045927122235298, -0.011083761230111122, 0.04...
).\tCurrent\tresearch\thas\tbeen\tguided\tby\tthe\tworking\nhypothesis\n\tthat\tprenatal\tinflammatory\tevents,\tincluding\ta\tresponse\tto\tinfection\tbut\talso\texposure\nto\tenvironmental\ttoxins,\tcan\tdisrupt\tthe\tnormal\texpression\tof\timmune\tmolecules\tin\tthe\tbrain\ncalled\tmicroglia\tduring\tcritical\tperi...
[ 0.029295790940523148, -0.04955288767814636, 0.0703844502568245, -0.02674584463238716, -0.09944186359643936, 0.023618975654244423, 0.05510561540722847, 0.02039826661348343, -0.03678104281425476, 0.09433066844940186, 0.1328195035457611, -0.043984826654195786, 0.04017989709973335, 0.033199995...
disorders,\tincluding\tautism\tspectrum\tdisorder.\tCausality\thas\tnot\tyet\tbeen\tdetermined\tand\tmost\tof\nthe\tcurrent\tresearch\n\tis\tstill\twith\tanimal\tmodels.\tWhether\tand\thow\tdietary\tchanges\twould\taffect\nthis\tprocess\tis\talso\tstill\tunknown.\nMetabolic\tresponses\nThe\tmetabolism\tof\tmacronutrien...
[ 0.020742611959576607, -0.05564415827393532, 0.047394346445798874, -0.0029891773592680693, -0.1035955548286438, 0.012150541879236698, 0.0691896602511406, 0.008428226225078106, 0.014212464913725853, 0.07138482481241226, 0.11310091614723206, 0.0006700493395328522, 0.02660549432039261, 0.00616...
weight\twomen\tand\twomen\twith\tobesity\t(\nTable\t14.6\n).\nTABLE\t14.6\nMetabolic\tChanges\tDuring\tPregnancy\tfor\tWomen\tof\tNormal\tWeight\tand\tObese\nComponent\nNormal\tWeight\nObese\nFat\tdeposition\nwith\ngestational\nweight\tgain\nGestational\tfat\tgain\tis\tprimarily\taccumulated\ncentrally,\tboth\tsubcutan...
[ 0.019421124830842018, -0.045555368065834045, 0.04280736669898033, 0.061269961297512054, -0.12999889254570007, -0.028840627521276474, 0.0397920198738575, 0.04564227536320686, -0.0799141600728035, 0.03886490315198898, 0.08827148377895355, -0.0621677003800869, -0.018499433994293213, 0.0128120...
Visceral\taccumulation\tmay\tincrease\tas\npregnancy\tprogresses.\nLocations\tare\tsimilar,\tamount\tmay\tbe\nless\nLipid\nmetabolism\n50%\tto\t80%\tincrease\tin\tbasal\tfat\toxidation\tand\tin\nresponse\tto\tglucose,\tmarked\thyperlipidemia\nHyperlipidemia\tis\texaggerated\nAmino\n\tacid\nmetabolism\nProtein\tsynthesi...
[ 0.04592837393283844, -0.03803839161992073, 0.05859693884849548, 0.019318901002407074, -0.06496691703796387, 0.004755614325404167, 0.04214971512556076, 0.046898048371076584, -0.03105231560766697, 0.08628983795642853, 0.11459148675203323, -0.060100119560956955, 0.002539056586101651, 0.035411...
and\tthird\t(25%)\ttrimesters\nUnknown,\tbut\tlimited\tevidence\nsuggests\tanabolic\tresponse\tmay\tbe\nimpaired\nGlucose\nmetabolism,\ninsulin\nresistance\nImproved\tfasting\tglucose\tlevels,\tglucose\ttolerance\nand\tinsulin\tsensitivity\tin\tearly\tpregnancy,\tthen\ninsulin\tsensitivity\tdecreases\t50%\tto\t70%\tby\...
[ -0.008273613639175892, -0.050296615809202194, 0.019114112481474876, 0.036221280694007874, -0.05377371609210968, 0.006095379125326872, 0.042758796364068985, 0.06576375663280487, -0.03475160524249077, 0.04772314801812172, 0.1195678785443306, -0.0021602706983685493, -0.0006807909812778234, 0....
third\ttrimester\nEarly\tfasting\tglucose\timproves\n\tless\tif\nat\tall,\tmore\tinsulin\tresistance,\nwhich\tincreases\tserum\tlevels\tof\tall\nmacronutrients\nAdapted\tfrom\tNelson\tSM\tet\tal:\tMaternal\tmetabolism\tand\tobesity:\tmodifiable\tdeterminants\tof\tpregnancy\toutcome,\t\nHuman\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:255,\...
[ -0.009020308032631874, -0.07938448339700699, -0.009466869756579399, -0.008785120211541653, -0.06792428344488144, 0.020853720605373383, 0.055054329335689545, 0.0632065013051033, -0.004782342351973057, 0.05458955466747284, 0.12028452754020691, -0.051928531378507614, 0.017683379352092743, 0.0...
Human\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:255,\n2010.\nRenal\tfunction\nThe\tglomerular\tfiltration\trate\t(GFR)\tincreases\tby\t50%\tduring\tpregnancy,\talthough\tthe\tvolume\tof\nurine\texcreted\teach\tday\tis\tnot\tincreased.\n\tRenal\tplasma\tflow\tincreases\tbecause\tof\tthe\tincreased\tGFR
[ 0.02503073401749134, -0.09297050535678864, 0.005058546084910631, -0.03864968195557594, -0.10943186283111572, -0.033110231161117554, 0.11207331717014313, 0.07840170711278915, -0.02086741290986538, 0.06604418158531189, 0.09420812129974365, -0.07958559691905975, -0.04332343861460686, 0.056363...
with\tlower\tserum\tcreatinine\tand\tblood\turea\tnitrogen\tconcentrations.\tRenal\ttubular\tresorption\tis\tless\nefficient\tthan\tin\tthe\tnonpregnant\tstate,\tand\tglucosuria,\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tGFR,\tmay\toccur\talong\nwith\tincreased\texcretion\tof\twater-soluble\tvitamins\tand\tamino\tacids.\tSmall\tamounts...
[ 0.0023256957065314054, -0.06677734851837158, 0.022332509979605675, -0.03595903515815735, -0.06910502910614014, -0.018450945615768433, 0.08600900322198868, 0.06958973407745361, -0.02761172689497471, 0.034072551876306534, 0.081106998026371, -0.02535058557987213, 0.006662511732429266, 0.08163...
increase\tthe\trisk\tfor\turinary\ttract\tinfections.\nPlacenta\tand\tuterine\tenvironment\nThe\tfetus\tis\tnot\tprovided\tnutrients\tand\toxygen\tthrough\tthe\tplacenta\tuntil\tafter\tblood\tflow\tis\nestablished\tto\tthe\tplacenta\tthrough\tthe\tuterine\tspiral\tarteries,\taround\t10\tweeks\tof\tgestation.\tBefore
[ 0.032267119735479355, -0.04169335216283798, 0.07596991956233978, -0.037789236754179, -0.0670289471745491, 0.037069372832775116, 0.08328419923782349, 0.00898858904838562, -0.016797250136733055, 0.09324467182159424, 0.09491060674190521, -0.07429992407560349, 0.045335445553064346, -0.01597373...
that,\tnourishment\tis\tthrough\tsecretions\tfrom\tboth\tthe\tfallopian\ttubes\tand\tthe\tendometrial\tglands,\nalso\tknown\tas\tuterine\tglands.\tThe\tfallopian\ttube\tsecretions\tare\tinitially\n\thigh\tin\tsimple\tcarbohydrates\nbut\tbecome\tmore\tcomplex\tfarther\tdown\tthe\ttubes\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecr...
[ 0.007395866326987743, -0.045089829713106155, 0.10385071486234665, -0.027271509170532227, -0.12539459764957428, 0.0008367741829715669, 0.09159698337316513, 0.01064272504299879, 0.009694106876850128, 0.06868695467710495, 0.076322540640831, -0.024539204314351082, 0.024198830127716064, 0.00399...
response\tto\tthe\tpresence\tof\tgametes\t(\nAvilés\tet\tal,\t2010\n)\tand\talso\tafter\tfertilization\t(\nLeese\tet\tal,\n2008\n).\tThey\tinclude\tmany\tgrowth\tfactors,\tcytokines,\tand\tantioxidants\t(\nMénézo\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tAnimal\nstudies\thave\tshown\tthat\tmany\tnutrients,\tincluding\tamino\tacids,\tpotassi...
[ -0.036242760717868805, -0.007052644621580839, 0.03867219015955925, -0.01812315359711647, -0.038459595292806625, 0.016464751213788986, 0.10254650563001633, 0.05390588939189911, 0.02616611123085022, 0.04677196219563484, 0.09520204365253448, -0.047497693449258804, 0.020650647580623627, 0.0352...
and\tlactate,\tare\tpresent\nin\tconcentrations\thigher\tthan\tin\tmaternal\tplasma,\twhile\tglucose,\tpyruvate,\tand\ttotal\tprotein\nconcentrations\tare\tlower.\tThe\tnutrients\tenter\tthe\tegg\tthrough\tendocytosis\tand,\tin\tboth\tmice\tand\nrats,\ta\tmaternal\tdiet\tlow\tin\tprotein\tnegatively\taffects\tthe\tgrow...
[ 0.010928587056696415, -0.06377696990966797, 0.025064382702112198, -0.020225852727890015, -0.0666407123208046, 0.03492026776075363, 0.056102506816387177, 0.0313948318362236, 0.014993187971413136, 0.09097808599472046, 0.10147794336080551, 0.0023474537301808596, 0.012418117374181747, 0.039542...
including\tthe\tcardiovascular\tphenotype\t(\nLeese\tet\tal,\t2008\n).\tThe\tcontents\tof\tthe\tendometrial\nsecretions,\tcalled\t“uterine\tmilk,”\tare\talso\tnot\tcompletely\tunderstood\tbut\tare\trich\tin\tglucose,\tlipids,\nglycoproteins,\tand\tgrowth\tfactors\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecretions\tenter\tthrough...
[ -0.005464457906782627, -0.09113813936710358, 0.046460941433906555, -0.0003436441475059837, -0.08847253769636154, 0.003616675967350602, 0.036958299577236176, 0.0425342358648777, 0.018611397594213486, 0.05172799527645111, 0.10781858116388321, -0.018204038962721825, -0.05217549204826355, 0.02...
Burton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecretions\tenter\tthrough\tthe\tintervillous\nspaces\tof\tthe\tplacenta,\tgoing\tto\tthe\tyolk\tsac\tand\tfeeding\tthe\tdeveloping\tfetus.\tWhether\tmaternal\ndiet\tor\tobesity\taffects\tthe\tcontents\tof\tthese\tsecretions\tis\tunknown\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\tbut\tat\tleast\nglycogen\t...
[ -0.032613445073366165, -0.05427146703004837, 0.041160013526678085, -0.021995481103658676, -0.07697803527116776, 0.05609181150794029, 0.09219355881214142, -0.05947135388851166, -0.01582678034901619, 0.07321640104055405, 0.05642557144165039, -0.040755946189165115, -0.006148314569145441, 0.00...
)\tbut\tat\tleast\nglycogen\tis\tstored\tin\tthese\tglands\t(\nJones\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tThe\tuterine\tgland\tsecretions\timpact\tuterine\nreceptivity\tand\tblastocyst\timplantation\t(\nKelleher\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\tgrowth\tfactors\tin\tthe\tsecretions\nthat\tstimulate\tplacental\tgrowth\tmay\tbe\ttriggered\tby\tth...
[ 0.013657317496836185, -0.037177860736846924, 0.07163895666599274, -0.021151429042220116, -0.10422348231077194, 0.06073833629488945, 0.040088504552841187, -0.007184565998613834, -0.0025294669903814793, 0.08182106912136078, 0.12683159112930298, -0.06572515517473221, -0.023487599566578865, 0....
Burton,\t2018\n).\nMaternal\tnutritional\tstatus\taffects\tplacental\tdevelopment,\tgrowth,\tnutrient\ttransport,\tand\nendocrine\tcapabilities\n\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tSome\tnutrients,\tincluding\tiron,\tiodine,\tzinc,\tfolate,\nselenium,\tand\tvitamin\tA,\tare\tknown\tto\tbe\tcritically\timportant\tpreconcept...
[ -0.024144351482391357, -0.10203830897808075, 0.03690415620803833, -0.00585635332390666, -0.07104744762182236, 0.04089660942554474, 0.0892883688211441, 0.004749909043312073, -0.0725102499127388, 0.035610225051641464, 0.09625256061553955, -0.06671257317066193, -0.05332741141319275, 0.0236061...
status\timproves\tpregnancy\toutcomes\tand\treduces\tthe\trisk\tof\tpreeclampsia,\tgestational\tdiabetes\nmellitus\t(GDM),\tand\tpreterm\tdelivery\tpossibly\tby\timproving\tplacental\tfunctioning\tby\treducing\nplacental\toxidative\tstress\tand\tinflammation\n\t(\nRichard\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tOther\tnutrients,\tincludin...
[ -0.018164219334721565, -0.04981772229075432, 0.06655994057655334, 0.013007217086851597, -0.08483502268791199, 0.02762671560049057, 0.11368223279714584, 0.047894999384880066, -0.039208561182022095, 0.055541250854730606, 0.11559664458036423, -0.02832414209842682, -0.015272019430994987, -0.00...
(\nRichard\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tOther\tnutrients,\tincluding\nmagnesium,\tappear\tto\tdirectly\taffect\tplacental\tdevelopment.\tHowever,\tvery\tlittle\tis\tknown\tabout\tthe\neffects\tof\tnutritional\tstatus\ton\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tplacenta.\tMaternal\tBMI\t(both\thigh\tand\tlow),
[ 0.010985774919390678, -0.05425235629081726, 0.08459679037332535, -0.04164732247591019, -0.06801481544971466, 0.04093144088983536, 0.08761885017156601, -0.020734405145049095, -0.029873806983232498, 0.05569447576999664, 0.12705226242542267, -0.012540975585579872, 0.010004592128098011, 0.0291...
body\tcomposition,\tpast\tnutritional\tstatus,\tcurrent\tdiet,\tfuel\treserves,\tand\tepigenetics\tare\tall\tlikely\nimportant\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\nPlacental\tweight\n\tis\tnot\ta\tuseful\tproxy\tmeasure\tfor\tplacental\tfunction\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\nplacenta\tgrows\tthroughout\tthe\tpregnancy,\tinclud...
[ -0.011003286577761173, 0.024683387950062752, 0.07811284065246582, 0.019665241241455078, -0.08078621327877045, 0.02793797105550766, 0.030985023826360703, 0.0409197174012661, -0.035128895193338394, 0.04893023893237114, 0.119263656437397, -0.050185538828372955, -0.00764205027371645, -0.034148...
growth\tappears\tto\tbe\ttightly\tregulated\t(\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\t2018\n).\tSmall\tplacentas\tcan\tadapt\tto\nincrease\tnutrient\ttransporters.\tHowever,\twhen,\thow,\tand\tby\thow\tmuch\tthe\tplacenta\tadapts\tis\tnot\ncompletely\tclear,\tnor\tis\tthe\n\treserve\tcapacity.\tWhen\tthe\tplacental\tcapacity\tto\tad...
[ 0.0031534743029624224, -0.032410554587841034, 0.07737752050161362, -0.035150978714227676, -0.09806761890649796, 0.03403672203421593, 0.05952923744916916, -0.028791848570108414, -0.025149313732981682, 0.09487783163785934, 0.12496469169855118, -0.027688050642609596, -0.0050908890552818775, -...
placental\tfunction\tis\timpaired,\tfetal\tdevelopment\tmay\tbe\timpaired,\taffecting\tlong-term\thealth\n(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tFor\texample,\tthe\teffect\tof\tGDM\ton\tplacental\tanatomy\tis\tnot\tfully\tunderstood\tbut\nsex-specific\talterations\tare\tevident\tthat\tmay\taffect\tnutrient\ttransport\t(\nCastil...
[ 0.004726157523691654, -0.04521198198199272, 0.0834994986653328, -0.01950385980308056, -0.07014605402946472, 0.057851456105709076, 0.034632761031389236, 0.032595932483673096, -0.015173625200986862, 0.0568695031106472, 0.12838898599147797, -0.0369897224009037, -0.016797609627246857, 0.017224...
Castillo-Castrejon\tand\tPowell,\n2017\n),\tincluding\tdocosahexaenoic\n\tacid\t(DHA)\t(\nLéveillé\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tWhether\tthere\tare\tindependent\neffects\tof\tGDM\tand\tobesity\tis\tnot\tyet\tclear.\tObesity\tappears\tto\taffect\tthe\tplacental\tfunction\tin\ta\tsex-\nspecific\tway,\twhere\tmales\tcontinue\tto\t...
[ -0.03796500340104103, 0.009986842051148415, 0.07307633012533188, 0.00983827281743288, -0.0847926065325737, 0.026492077857255936, 0.05865016207098961, 0.017074204981327057, 0.0005306533421389759, 0.004656275734305382, 0.09028375148773193, -0.10930869728326797, -0.0040073087438941, 0.0225469...
ensuring\tsurvival\t(\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\t2018\n).\tHigh\taltitude\talso\taffects\tplacental\tdevelopment\tand\nfunction\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\t(\nFig.\t14.1\n).
[ -0.03536129370331764, 0.04235038161277771, 0.11297013610601425, -0.07634659856557846, -0.04602207988500595, 0.013796821236610413, 0.07545863091945648, 0.04002054035663605, -0.09166305512189865, 0.02801535092294216, 0.09678133577108383, -0.021489117294549942, -0.014017660170793533, 0.028742...
FIG.\t14.1\nSummary\tof\tpotential\tstressors\tthat\tcan\talter\tthe\tplacental\tstructure\tand\tfunction,\taffecting\tthe\nnutrient\tavailability\tand\ttherefore\tthe\tprogramming\tof\tthe\tfetus.\n\tSource:\t(Adapted\tfrom\tMyatt\tL,\tThornburg\tKL:\tEffects\tof\nPrenatal\tNutrition\tand\tthe\tRole\tof\tthe\tPlacenta...
[ -0.011277550831437111, -0.03704718500375748, 0.04222102090716362, -0.0370408296585083, -0.06971337646245956, 0.025474514812231064, 0.06124065816402435, 0.06059878319501877, -0.019825132563710213, 0.02456778474152088, 0.08212683349847794, -0.06137915700674057, 0.04637892544269562, 0.0149415...
Methods\tMol\tBiol\n\t1735:\t19,\t2018.)\nNutrients\tpass\tthrough\tthe\tplacenta\tby\ta\tvariety\tof\tmechanisms.\n\tMaternal\tnutrient\tstatus\twould\ndirectly\taffect\tthose\ttransferred\tthrough\tdiffusion\tor\tendocytosis/exocytosis.\tHowever,\tthe\ttransport\nof\tother\tnutrients\tcan\tbe\tupregulated\tthrough\tf...
[ -0.007538696750998497, -0.0879543125629425, 0.03446899354457855, -0.037747230380773544, -0.0702279657125473, 0.0321342870593071, 0.03468150272965431, 0.004352496471256018, -0.02994411624968052, 0.05286204069852829, 0.1008765771985054, -0.022599104791879654, 0.03825375437736511, 0.052237853...
transport\t(\nFig.\t14.2\n).\tTransport\tmechanisms\thave\tnot\tyet\tbeen\tidentified\tfor\tall\tnutrients.\tIn\naddition,\tthe\tplacenta\tcan\tsynthesize\tproteins\tfor\ttransport\tto\tthe\n\tfetus\tand\tmay\talso\tbe\ta\tsource\tof\nglucose,\tcholine,\tand\tfatty\tacids\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n;\t\nNugent\tand\tBa...
[ 0.028555262833833694, -0.021187420934438705, 0.06193923205137253, -0.02210051193833351, -0.07073348760604858, 0.016804896295070648, 0.04361245036125183, 0.006359545513987541, -0.023337922990322113, 0.023837683722376823, 0.07037682831287384, -0.03935780003666878, 0.0160234197974205, 0.05383...
;\t\nNugent\tand\tBale,\t2015\n;\t\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\n2018\n).\nFIG.\t14.2\nRepresentation\tof\tthe\tknown\tprocesses\tby\twhich\tmaterials\tcross\tthe\tplacental\nmembrane.\n\tSource:\t(Adapted\tfrom\tBurton\tGJ,\tFowden\tAL,\tThornburg\tKL:\tPlacental\tOrigins\tof\tChronic\tDisease,\t\nPhysiol\tRev
[ 0.0022681576665490866, -0.020986104384064674, 0.0656728520989418, -0.07601504772901535, -0.08968858420848846, 0.02974725142121315, 0.02608834207057953, 0.004508580546826124, 0.009161285124719143, 0.0017995486268773675, 0.05119571462273598, -0.06942703574895859, -0.0077977911569178104, -0.0...
Physiol\tRev\n96:1509,\t2016;\tCao\tC,\tFleming\tMD:\tThe\tplacenta:\tthe\tforgotten\tessential\torgan\tof\tiron\ttransport,\t\nNutr\tRev\n\t74:421,\t2016;\tGrieger\nJA,\tClifton\tVL:\tA\treview\tof\tthe\timpact\tof\tdietary\tintakes\tin\thuman\n\tpregnancy\ton\tinfant\tbirthweight,\t\nNutrients\n\t7:153,\t2014;\tMyatt...
[ -0.036171864718198776, -0.051074691116809845, 0.028829209506511688, -0.008106029592454433, -0.08996102958917618, 0.012305761687457561, 0.001564980368129909, 0.0660247951745987, -0.029316745698451996, 0.029887767508625984, 0.11194334179162979, -0.12472053617238998, -0.020360441878437996, 0....
pregnancy\ton\tinfant\tbirthweight,\t\nNutrients\n\t7:153,\t2014;\tMyatt\tL,\nThornburg\tKL:\tEffects\tof\tPrenatal\tNutrition\tand\tthe\tRole\tof\tthe\tPlacenta\tin\tHealth\tand\tDisease,\t\nMethods\tMol\tBiol\n\t1735:\t19,\t2018;\nNugent\tBM,\tBale\tTL:\tThe\tomniscient\tplacenta:\tMetabolic\tand\tepigenetic\tregulat...
[ -0.013585224747657776, -0.05372995510697365, 0.021073544397950172, 0.01578916609287262, -0.04059320688247681, 0.012376503087580204, 0.03802226111292839, 0.052931610494852066, -0.0676955133676529, 0.000060615111578954384, 0.09197808057069778, -0.09140582382678986, -0.021689848974347115, -0....
Front\tNeuroendocrinol\n39:28,\t2015;\tRichard\tK,\tHolland\tO,\tLanders\tK\tet\tal:\tReview:\tEffects\tof\tmaternal\n\tmicronutrient\tsupplementation\ton\tplacental\tfunction,\nPlacenta\n\t54:38,\t2017.)\nThe\tplacenta\tis\tvery\tactive\tmetabolically,\tconsuming\t80%\tof\tthe\toxygen\tit\ttakes\tfrom\tmaternal\ncircu...
[ -0.021840179339051247, -0.06263795495033264, 0.040125634521245956, -0.04290284961462021, -0.07430154830217361, -0.006859354209154844, 0.05256863683462143, 0.03156011924147606, -0.014596600085496902, 0.05028461292386055, 0.104642853140831, -0.04198994114995003, 0.04378925636410713, -0.03952...
circulation\tat\tmidgestation\tand\t40%\tto\t60%\tin\tlate\tgestation\t(\nZhang\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tIt\tplays\ta\tdynamic\nrole\tin\toptimizing\tthe\tresource\tallocation\tbetween\tthe\tmother\tand\tthe\tfetus.\tIt\tresponds\tto\tmaternal\nnutrient\tavailability\n\tbut\tpaternal\tgenes\talso\tplay\ta\trole,\tpromoting\...
[ 0.017095427960157394, -0.04907409846782684, 0.046775467693805695, 0.008649999275803566, -0.08696693927049637, 0.017308838665485382, 0.05966121703386307, 0.056677304208278656, -0.005156436003744602, 0.0738474652171135, 0.11495180428028107, -0.00938479695469141, 0.02971150353550911, 0.041476...
is\tnot\tclear\tif\tobesity\talters\tspecific\tnutrient\ttransporters.\tThe\tsex\tof\tthe\tfetus/placenta\tis\talso\ncritical\tand,\tin\tgeneral,\tplacental\tadaptation\tis\tgreater\twith\tfemale\toffspring\t(\nBrett\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tHow\nthe\tmother\tand\tfetus\tsignal\teach\tother\tis\tnot\tyet\tclear.\tHowever,\t...
[ 0.044343095272779465, -0.031316112726926804, 0.05350765213370323, -0.06710963696241379, -0.08334293216466904, 0.06155380234122276, 0.07374964654445648, -0.019313804805278778, -0.008607855066657066, 0.12260502576828003, 0.09690621495246887, -0.05104410648345947, -0.015470298938453197, 0.055...
a\n\tpassive\trecipient\tof\tmaternal\tnutrients\tbut,\tinstead,\tactually\tdirects\thow\tmuch\tis\ttransferred\nthrough\tthe\tplacenta,\tincluding\ttrying\tto\tmatch\tthe\tperceived\tnutrient\tavailability.\tFor\texample,\nthere\tis\ta\tdown-regulation\tof\tprotein\ttransfer\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\t\nintrauterine\tgrowth\...
[ 0.003589639440178871, -0.10733641684055328, 0.01596917025744915, -0.016052156686782837, -0.0681242123246193, 0.04501401260495186, 0.060589153319597244, 0.02625420317053795, -0.006298509892076254, 0.0823739692568779, 0.1335841566324234, -0.03584400936961174, 0.030765431001782417, 0.05398869...
intrauterine\tgrowth\trestriction\n(IUGR)\n.\tWhen\tan\tabnormal\tsituation\tis\tidentified\tand\tinterventions\tare\timplemented,\tit\tis\tunknown\nwhether\tthese\n\ttransport\tmechanisms\tadapt\tto\tthe\tnew\tenvironment\tor,\tonce\tset,\tare\trelatively\npermanent.\nThe\tplacenta\tproduces\tseveral\thormones\trespon...
[ 0.026783205568790436, -0.015702128410339355, 0.08580125868320465, -0.01675442047417164, -0.05419791862368584, 0.019127119332551956, 0.06878972053527832, 0.018834654241800308, -0.020380230620503426, 0.10812323540449142, 0.11649555712938309, -0.03016209788620472, -0.010564172640442848, 0.041...
development\tof\tmaternal\tsupport\ttissues.\tIt\tis\tthe\tconduit\tfor\tthe\texchange\tof\tnutrients,\toxygen,\tand\nwaste\tproducts.\tThe\tplacenta\talso\tprovides\ta\tselective\tbarrier,\tprotecting\tthe\tfetus\tfrom\tpathogens,\nteratogens,\tand\n\tother\ttoxins\t(see\t\nClinical\tInsight:\tConsumption\tof\tHuman\t...
[ -0.02770775370299816, -0.06233519688248634, 0.029107309877872467, -0.04487084597349167, -0.002235518768429756, 0.004582333378493786, 0.07756945490837097, 0.018441930413246155, -0.008700146339833736, 0.07463747262954712, 0.07222643494606018, 0.00014237701543606818, 0.019533630460500717, 0.0...
Clinical\tInsight:\tConsumption\tof\tHuman\tPlacenta\n),\tbut\tits\tdefenses\ncan\tbe\toverwhelmed.\tIn\taddition,\tit\tis\tnow\tthought\tthat\tthe\tplacenta\tmay\tcontain\ta\tunique\nmicrobiome,\thypothesized\tto\tbe\timportant\tin\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tfetal\timmune\tsystem,\tlowering\nthe\trisk\tof\tallergies\...
[ 0.003999979235231876, -0.04320118576288223, 0.0662611871957779, -0.06495469808578491, -0.09182269126176834, 0.02979584038257599, 0.05235593393445015, 0.061028361320495605, -0.0033573713153600693, 0.07929863035678864, 0.07959773391485214, -0.007366579491645098, 0.020796537399291992, 0.05632...
the\trisk\tof\tallergies\t(\nPrince\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tIt\tis\talso\tknown\tnow\tthat\tthe\ttrophoblast\tinvades\tthe\nlymphatic\tsystem\t(as\twell\n\tas\tthe\tspiral\tarteries\tand\tuterine\tveins)\tbut\twhether\taccess\tto\tthe\tlymph\ntriggers\tmaternal\timmune\ttolerance\tis\tunknown\t(\nMoser\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\n...
[ 0.00014669689699076116, -0.02918163128197193, 0.058100346475839615, -0.04782005026936531, -0.09666145592927933, 0.013276359997689724, 0.04218878969550133, 0.0055066621862351894, 0.02336813136935234, 0.09473750740289688, 0.1159229651093483, -0.05538303032517433, 0.023735400289297104, 0.0015...
Moser\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nCLINICAL\tINSIGHT\nConsumption\tof\tHuman\tPlacenta\nIn\tmany\tareas,\twomen\tare\tnow\tbeing\toffered\ttheir\tplacentas\tafter\tdelivery.\tWhile\tsome\tpeople\nwant\tto\tsave\tit\tfor\tcultural\treasons,\tmany\tare\tnow\tchoosing\tto\teat\ttheir\tplacentas\tfor\tmany\tself-\nreported\tbenefit...
[ -0.02512560971081257, -0.03408636152744293, 0.06867840141057968, -0.06954430788755417, -0.028385622426867485, -0.003975317347794771, 0.025944901630282402, -0.022250449284911156, -0.025502437725663185, 0.09703494608402252, 0.08223224431276321, -0.004473400767892599, 0.004871094133704901, -0...
reported\tbenefits.\n\tPlacentophagy\tis\tpromoted\tas\ta\tpotential\tway\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tpostpartum\ndepression\tand\timprove\tinfant\tbonding,\tas\twell\tas\treplace\tthe\tiron\tand\tother\tnutrients\tlost\tduring\npregnancy\tand\tdelivery.\tIt\tis\talso\tpromoted\tas\ta\tsource\tof\tenergy,\ta\tlactation\...
[ -0.009848655201494694, -0.04454556480050087, 0.059648167341947556, 0.018755147233605385, -0.07446564733982086, 0.0420350544154644, 0.11186147481203079, 0.054204151034355164, -0.04281989485025406, 0.0745416060090065, 0.09055260568857193, -0.03987845033407211, 0.03303131088614464, 0.05854299...
immune\tsystem\tbooster,\tand\tas\ta\tway\tto\tdecrease\tpain\tand\tbleeding\tafter\tdelivery\t(\nFarr\tet\tal,\n2018\n).\nPlacentas\tdo\tcontain\thormones\n\tthat\tmay\tbe\tbeneficial\tbut\tthe\ttherapeutic\teffect\thas\tnot\tbeen\ndemonstrated\t(\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2016b\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018a\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,...
[ -0.0005511200288310647, -0.020054586231708527, 0.06104730814695358, -0.05172977223992348, -0.05254901200532913, 0.05718648061156273, 0.06068456918001175, 0.026794712990522385, -0.005931779742240906, 0.058028027415275574, 0.10420989245176315, -0.024889519438147545, 0.050089746713638306, 0.0...
;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018a\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018b\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\ta\nsignificant\tsource\tof\tiron\tbut\tnormal\tconsumption\tamounts\tare\tunlikely\tto\tmake\ta\tsignificant\ndifference\tin\tthe\tpostpartum\tiron\tstatus\t(\nGryder\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\ta\tsource\tof\tother\nnutrients\tas...
[ -0.048331767320632935, -0.037074699997901917, 0.02400021068751812, -0.01793563924729824, -0.060134157538414, 0.012464032508432865, 0.03878412023186684, -0.006221916060894728, 0.009660540148615837, 0.029786868020892143, 0.11560023576021194, -0.05355030298233032, 0.04112820699810982, -0.0018...
cholesterol\t(\nChang\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tHowever,\tthere\nis\twide\tvariability\tbetween\twomen\t(\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2016a\n).\nThe\tplacenta\tis\talso\ta\tpotential\tsource\tof\tpathogens,\ttoxins,\tand\theavy\tmetals,\tdepending\ton\nprenatal\texposure.\tTheoretically,\tmaternal\tconsumption\tcould\ttrigger\talloimmu...
[ -0.03120824694633484, -0.065433070063591, 0.021630484610795975, -0.0650266781449318, -0.11892443895339966, -0.04569147154688835, -0.015705276280641556, 0.05017618089914322, -0.029330218210816383, -0.006595469079911709, 0.08410972356796265, -0.0018083315808326006, 0.011576267890632153, -0.0...
her\tto\tgenetically\tdifferent\tcells\tor\ttissues,\ttriggering\tan\timmune\tresponse\tand,\ttherefore,\nharming\tfuture\n\tpregnancies\t(\nFarr\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tA\trecent\tcase\treport\tcited\tmaternal\tingestion\tof\ndried\tplacenta\tas\ta\tlikely\tsource\tof\tGroup\tB\tstrep\tinfection\tin\ta\tnewborn,\tpossibly...
[ -0.002703477628529072, -0.026653748005628586, 0.08827269822359085, 0.010050871409475803, -0.10215014964342117, 0.02703271433711052, 0.11186391860246658, -0.007564632687717676, -0.017850050702691078, 0.08133123815059662, 0.13106565177440643, -0.07174336910247803, 0.005431820638477802, -0.01...
maternal\tintestinal\tand\tskin\tcolonization,\tfacilitating\ttransfer\tto\tthe\tinfant.\tDried\tplacenta\tpowder\nis\tnot\tsterile\tand\twhen\tstored\tover\t6\tmonths,\thas\tbeen\ta\tsource\tof\t\nPaenibacillus\tmacerans\n,\nbacteria\tthat\tproduce\thistamine\n\tin\tpreserved\tfoods,\tpotentially\tcausing\tfoodborne\t...
[ 0.008270715363323689, -0.055835623294115067, 0.04328901693224907, -0.040793828666210175, -0.04944145306944847, 0.03803721442818642, 0.02605077624320984, 0.03493911400437355, -0.02124580554664135, 0.08744309097528458, 0.15759055316448212, -0.06736572831869125, 0.019133135676383972, 0.054935...
intoxication\t(\nJohnson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nThe\tprocessing\tis\tnot\tregulated\tby\tthe\tFood\tand\tDrug\tAdministration\t(FDA)\tand\tis\tnot\nstandardized.\tThe\tplacenta\tmust\tbe\thandled\tcarefully,\tincluding\tbeing\trefrigerated\tsoon\tafter\ndelivery.\tThe\tconsumption\tof\tplacenta\tshould\tbe\tdiscouraged\ti...
[ 0.010878721252083778, -0.06941501796245575, 0.05164143070578575, -0.028872821480035782, -0.08919709175825119, 0.00877485889941454, 0.10890784859657288, 0.034881576895713806, -0.006168808322399855, 0.04083547741174698, 0.08512308448553085, -0.025511428713798523, 0.04802871495485306, 0.04659...
infection\t(\nJohnson\tet\tal,\t2018\n)\tor\tif\tthe\tmother\twas\texposed\tto\theavy\tmetals\tduring\tpregnancy.\tIt\nshould\tnot\tbe\teaten\traw,\tincluding\tin\ta\tsmoothie.\tIf\tdried\tand\tencapsulated,\tit\tshould\tbe\tsteamed\nfirst\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tpathogen\ttransmission.\nPlacental\tinsults\tcompromi...
[ -0.04267827421426773, -0.02234952710568905, 0.058648109436035156, -0.04881421476602554, -0.08673086017370224, 0.00009587962995283306, 0.06293690204620361, 0.03831085190176964, -0.033375028520822525, 0.06670704483985901, 0.10785502195358276, -0.019943948835134506, 0.06721004843711853, 0.099...
mother\tis.\tThese\tinsults\tcan\tbe\tthe\tresult\tof\tpoor\tplacentation\tfrom\tearly\tpregnancy\n\tor\tsmall\tinfarcts\nassociated\twith\tpreeclampsia\tand\tother\thypertensive\tdisorders.\tWhen\tthe\tplacenta\thas\ta\treduced\nfunctional\tcapacity\tfor\twhatever\treason,\tthe\tresult\tis\toften\tintrauterine\tgrowth...
[ -0.03343970328569412, -0.005834921728819609, 0.06862694025039673, -0.013053913600742817, -0.08712397515773773, 0.029576430097222328, 0.05278080329298973, 0.03878236189484596, 0.01936870999634266, 0.11580553650856018, 0.12147245556116104, -0.009874006733298302, -0.005907637067139149, -0.029...
However,\tas\tmentioned\tbefore,\tthe\tplacenta\talso\thas\tthe\tability\tto\trespond\tto\ta\tpoor\tenvironment.\nFor\texample,\twomen\taffected\tby\tthe\tWorld\tWar\tII\tDutch\tfamine\tin\ttheir\tfirst\ttrimesters\n\thad\tlarger\nplacentas,\tresulting\tin\tnormal\tweight\tinfants\t(\nBelkacemi\tet\tal,\t2010\n).
[ 0.05834772437810898, -0.024147266522049904, 0.1056583970785141, -0.020146138966083527, -0.09622599184513092, -0.005769387818872929, 0.04327571392059326, -0.046926382929086685, -0.019861562177538872, 0.08673465996980667, 0.09932710975408554, -0.08669731765985489, 0.03980400040745735, 0.0195...
Belkacemi\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nA\tless-than-optimal\tenvironment\tin\tutero\tcan\tlead\tto\ta\tmismatch\tbetween\tavailable\tnutrients\tand\nthe\tgenetically\tdetermined\tfetal\tdrive\tfor\tgrowth.\tThe\tgoal\tis\tto\tsupport\ta\thealthy\tenvironment\nthrough\ta\tproper\tbalance\tof\tnutrients\tand\tthe\tavoidance\tof\t...
[ 0.001683025504462421, -0.04404072463512421, 0.037360552698373795, -0.01593192107975483, -0.05083533376455307, 0.013014988973736763, 0.08372656255960464, 0.04886559024453163, -0.039752889424562454, 0.07776028662919998, 0.10422275215387344, -0.04929487779736519, 0.011780920438468456, 0.02416...
Clinical\tInsight\n:\tHigh-\nRisk\tPregnancies\twith\tNutritional\tComponents\n).\nCLINICAL\tINSIGHT\nHigh-Risk\tPregnancies\twith\tNutritional\tComponents\nApproximately\t10%\tof\tall\tpregnancies\tare\tconsidered\t“high\trisk,”\tmeaning\tthere\tis\ta\tmaternal\npreexisting\tcomplication\tor\ta\tsituation\tthat\tanted...
[ 0.007149221375584602, 0.010660356841981411, 0.03356381505727768, -0.012970714829862118, -0.06112716719508171, 0.01640426181256771, 0.06172250583767891, 0.08435866236686707, -0.036457765847444534, 0.0660882368683815, 0.07301267981529236, -0.02413857728242874, -0.020825520157814026, -0.03258...
gestation\tthat\tputs\tthe\tmother\tor\tthe\tfetus\tat\trisk\tfor\ta\tpoor\toutcome.\tMany\tof\tthese\tmay\tinclude\nnutritional\tconcerns\tas\twell.\tWomen\twho\n\tpresent\twith\tthe\tfollowing\tissues\tneed\tincreased\nmedical\tsurveillance\tand\tnutrition\tassessment\tto\tensure\tthe\tmost\tfavorable\toutcomes,\tcon...
[ 0.052974507212638855, -0.002251777797937393, 0.059967946261167526, 0.005033906549215317, -0.0783417820930481, 0.002224948722869158, 0.04302282631397247, -0.029188072308897972, -0.028750667348504066, 0.09500601142644882, 0.11709725856781006, -0.03598152473568916, 0.01596931368112564, -0.014...
medical\tcosts,\tand\tthe\tfewest\tcomplications.\nAnemias:\tmicrocytic\tor\tmacrocytic\nCardiovascular\tissues:\tmaternal\tcardiac\tstructural\tdefects,\tpreexisting\tcardiovascular\tdisease\nEndocrine\tissues:\tpolycystic\tovary\tsyndrome,\tthyroid\tdisease,\tgestational\n\tdiabetes,\ttype\t1\tor\t2\ndiabetes
[ -0.004821175709366798, -0.026207517832517624, -0.0272792000323534, -0.014787600375711918, -0.07461889833211899, -0.013289102353155613, 0.06259102374315262, 0.06005427986383438, -0.07412169873714447, 0.07125671207904816, -0.020838283002376556, 0.010851157829165459, -0.010709564201533794, 0....
Functional\talterations:\tdeafness,\tblindness,\tparalysis,\tparaplegia,\tquadriplegia\nGastrointestinal\tissues:\tfood\tallergies,\tceliac\tdisease,\tCrohn’s\tdisease,\tulcerative\tcolitis,\npostbariatric\tsurgery,\tgallstones\nHyperemesis\tgravidarum\nHypertension:\tpreexisting,\tpregnancy-induced,\tpreeclampsia
[ -0.022353338077664375, -0.06378258019685745, -0.0022950530983507633, 0.006721592973917723, -0.12890638411045074, 0.004714274313300848, -0.0007736054831184447, 0.11183594912290573, -0.038123734295368195, 0.041804272681474686, 0.08440634608268738, 0.03522062301635742, -0.01936241053044796, 0...
Hypertension:\tpreexisting,\tpregnancy-induced,\tpreeclampsia\nInfections:\tHIV\tand\tAIDS,\tmalaria,\tdental\tdisease,\tintestinal\tparasites\nMaternal\tgenetic\tdiseases\tor\tintellectual\tdevelopmental\tdisability\nMedical\tproblems:\tlupus,\tmyasthenia\tgravis,\tcystic\tfibrosis,\tpancreatitis,\tphenylketonuria,\nc...
[ -0.0182864498347044, -0.010117355734109879, -0.04403560981154442, -0.023837517946958542, -0.018866078928112984, 0.021152090281248093, 0.008003643713891506, 0.11175461113452911, -0.09267236292362213, 0.07763929665088654, 0.0877724289894104, -0.013672332279384136, 0.0285949744284153, 0.04065...
cancer,\tsickle\tcell\tdisease\nMultiple\tfetuses\nObesity:\tBMI\t≥30\nPica\nPsychiatric:\teating\tdisorders,\tdepression,\tbipolar\tdisorders,\tMunchausen\tsyndrome,\tsuicidal\nideation,\tsubstance\tabuse\nRespiratory\tissues:\tasthma,\ttuberculosis,\tadult\n\trespiratory\tdistress\tdisorder\nSurgeries:\tcancers,\tgal...
[ 0.00905396044254303, -0.02863389439880848, 0.024926582351326942, -0.044598519802093506, -0.0832039937376976, -0.04195113852620125, 0.04770762100815773, 0.04422597587108612, -0.06938595324754715, 0.022066332399845123, 0.08571137487888336, -0.021047160029411316, 0.07455746084451675, 0.013056...
Young\tage—teenagers\nAIDS\n,\tAcquired\timmune\tdeficiency\tsyndrome;\t\nHIV\n,\thuman\timmunodeficiency\tvirus.\nAll\tnutrients\tare\tthought\tto\tbe\timportant,\talthough\tsome\tare\tbetter\tstudied\tthan\tothers.\t\nTable\t14.1\nlists\tsome\tpotential\tfunctions.\tHowever,\tmore\tcomplex\tinteractions\tinvolving\tm...
[ -0.013602285645902157, -0.02058856002986431, 0.0492800809442997, -0.015508812852203846, -0.05740336328744888, -0.01573691889643669, 0.1124289408326149, 0.05070251226425171, -0.03756224736571312, 0.06914005428552628, 0.1119643971323967, -0.04921697452664375, 0.030316226184368134, 0.07598400...
also\n\tlikely\tcritical.\tFor\texample,\tmultiple\tnutrients\tare\tinvolved\tin\tthe\tcreation\tof\tbone\t(see\t\nChapter\n23\n)\tand\tbrain\t(\nTable\t14.7\n).\tWhen\teither\tmacro-\tor\tmicronutrients\tare\tlacking,\tthe\ttiming\tof\tthe\ndeficit\tis\timportant\tin\tpredicting\tthe\timpact\tof\tthat\tinsult\t(\nMonk...
[ -0.02941996417939663, -0.03466709703207016, 0.05163232982158661, -0.03688603639602661, -0.08105587214231491, 0.0015225030947476625, 0.06863263994455338, -0.008006772957742214, 0.030071638524532318, 0.04364222288131714, 0.1028815358877182, -0.03371850401163101, 0.06241529434919357, 0.019234...
Monk\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\tWhen\tcritical\tperiods\nare\tmissed,\tthe\tdamage\twill\tbe\tirreversible,\teven\tif\tthe\tnutrient\tsupply\tlater\tappears\tadequate\n(\nGeorgieff\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tNutrients\tknown\tto\thave\tcritical\tor\tsensitive\tperiods\tinclude\tprotein,\nLCPUFAs,\tglucose,\tiron,\tzinc,\tcopper,\tiod...
[ -0.06973031163215637, -0.08539056032896042, -0.004207880701869726, -0.047587960958480835, -0.052512943744659424, 0.03625456616282463, 0.09031792730093002, 0.07001693546772003, 0.002828256692737341, 0.05616828054189682, 0.09546712785959244, -0.05515431612730026, 0.020497579127550125, 0.0612...
6\n,\tB\n12\n,\tA,\tK,\tfolate,\tand\ncholine.\tIn\tthe\tcase\tof\tfetal\tneurodevelopment,\tthe\tyounger\tthe\tbrain,\tthe\tmore\tit\tis\table\tto\trecover\nfrom\tan\tinsult.\tHowever,\tthe\tbrain\tis\tnot\ta\thomogenous\torgan\tand\tdoes\tnot\tdevelop\tin\ta\tsingle\ntrajectory,\tso\tthe\tspecific\trisks\n\tdepend\to...
[ 0.023530319333076477, -0.023414812982082367, 0.01551384013146162, -0.054115649312734604, -0.11713605374097824, 0.03908577188849449, 0.10184528678655624, -0.017778344452381134, 0.03633331134915352, 0.06214972212910652, 0.05476011708378792, -0.04079616814851761, 0.03041541390120983, -0.02964...
depend\ton\tthe\tregion\tof\tthe\tbrain\tas\twell\tas\tthe\ttiming,\tdose,\tand\nduration\tof\tthe\tperturbation\t(\nGeorgieff\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t\nGeorgieff,\t2017\n).
[ -0.013693355955183506, -0.01749213971197605, 0.03286634758114815, -0.06148584932088852, -0.11801894754171371, 0.03847737982869148, 0.0740048885345459, -0.02389417588710785, 0.058932363986968994, 0.012053810060024261, 0.08404786884784698, -0.08560357242822647, 0.04901554808020592, 0.0329867...
TABLE\t14.7\nKey\tNutrients\tfor\tFetal\tand\tNeonatal\tBrain\tDevelopment\nNutrient\nFunction\tin\tBrain\tDevelopment\nNegative\tEffect\tof\nDeficiency\nLong-chain\npolyunsaturated\nfatty\tacids,\nprimarily\tDHA\nand\tAA\nCell\tmembrane\tformation,\tmyelin,\tsynaptosomes,\nintracellular\n\tcommunication,\tsignal\ttran...
[ 0.014718557707965374, -0.09012246131896973, -0.01918061263859272, -0.00481015257537365, -0.09197912365198135, 0.03182968124747276, 0.0335104800760746, 0.06784755736589432, -0.03981833904981613, 0.0746949166059494, 0.11640682071447372, -0.039879146963357925, -0.01095855887979269, 0.07681180...
Neurodevelopment,\tvisual\ndevelopment\nProtein\nNeuronal\tand\tglial\tstructural\tproteins,\tsynaptic\nstructures\tand\tnumbers,\tneurotransmitter\tpeptide\nproduction\tespecially\tin\tcerebellum,\thippocampus,\nand\tcerebral\tcortex\nOverall\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\ngrowth,\tneurodevelopment\nZinc\nCofactor\tin\ten...
[ 0.006686191074550152, -0.11376985907554626, 0.009528129361569881, -0.008815177716314793, -0.1079927459359169, 0.05024730786681175, 0.04685382917523384, 0.023853125050663948, 0.022656641900539398, 0.09910198301076889, 0.11243250966072083, -0.016451993957161903, -0.02581467106938362, 0.06768...
Zinc\nCofactor\tin\tenzymes\tmediating\tprotein\tand\tnucleic\nbiochemistry,\tgrowth,\tgene\texpression,\nneurotransmitters,\tespecially\taffecting\ncerebellum,\tlimbic\tsystem,\tcerebral\tcortex,\ntemporal\tlobe,\tfrontal\tlobe\nAttention,\tmotor\tdevelopment\ndelays,\tshort-term\tmemory,\nbrain\tgrowth\nIron\nMyelina...
[ -0.038321856409311295, -0.06506682187318802, -0.007395912427455187, -0.0037466748617589474, -0.05525914952158928, 0.04486749321222305, 0.046941373497247696, 0.02952559106051922, -0.026573609560728073, 0.0967666283249855, 0.08924245089292526, -0.06130201742053032, 0.024067774415016174, 0.01...
brain\tgrowth\nIron\nMyelination,\tdendritogenesis,\tsynaptogenesis,\nneurotransmission,\tespecially\tin\tthe\thippocampus,\nstriatum,\tfrontal\tcortex\nGlobal\tintelligence,\tgeneral\nmotor\tdevelopment,\nneurodevelopment,\nattention,\tmemory,\nlanguage,\n\tauditory\nrecognition\nCholine\nMethylation,\tmyelin,\tneurot...
[ 0.03423948958516121, -0.10111799091100693, 0.009585799649357796, -0.020590608939528465, -0.08143887668848038, 0.03437582403421402, 0.024674417451024055, 0.02217750996351242, -0.02282368391752243, 0.09184613078832626, 0.10857947915792465, -0.011764404363930225, -0.032724250108003616, 0.0149...
Choline\nMethylation,\tmyelin,\tneurotransmitters,\tespecially\naffecting\thippocampus,\tseptum,\tstriatum,\tanterior\nneocortex,\tmidposterior\tneocortex\nVisual\tspatial\tand\tauditory\nmemory\tin\trodents\t(no\ninformation\tyet\tavailable\tfor\nhumans)\nCopper\nIron\ttransport,\tantioxidant\tactivity,\tneurotransmit...
[ 0.024833250790834427, -0.1311841458082199, 0.034721266478300095, 0.01165542658418417, -0.10441531240940094, 0.007783348206430674, 0.054185930639505386, 0.059422947466373444, -0.050383515655994415, 0.07023895531892776, 0.07780861109495163, -0.012794602662324905, -0.008547093719244003, 0.051...
synthesis,\tneuronal\tand\tglial\tenergy\tmetabolism,\nespecially\taffecting\tcerebellum\nMotor\tcontrol,\tcognitive\nfunction\nIodine\nThyroid\tsynthesis,\tneuronal\tsynthesis,\tmyelination\nCognitive\tfunction\nVitamin\tA\nStructural\tdevelopment,\tantioxidant\nVisual\tfunction\nFolate\nOne-carbon\tmetabolism\nNeural...
[ -0.01588190719485283, -0.10114620625972748, 0.010387057438492775, -0.049719903618097305, -0.07177902013063431, 0.06525677442550659, 0.027141818776726723, 0.05303867161273956, -0.028573133051395416, 0.08456447720527649, 0.07091084867715836, -0.057544298470020294, -0.03520437702536583, 0.004...
Visual\tfunction\nFolate\nOne-carbon\tmetabolism\nNeural\ttube\tdevelopment\nAdapted\tfrom\tMonk\tC\tet\tal:\tResearch\treview:\tmaternal\tprenatal\tdistress\tand\tpoor\tnutrition—mutually\tinfluencing\trisk\tfactors\taffecting\tinfant\nneurocognitive\tdevelopment,\n\t\nJ\tChild\tPsychol\tPsychiatry\n\t54:115,\t2013.\n...
[ 0.010598929598927498, -0.034593094140291214, 0.04512650519609451, -0.005331320222467184, -0.06748145818710327, 0.024529648944735527, 0.06004370003938675, 0.04675344005227089, 0.0077125453390181065, 0.05350509658455849, 0.10450779646635056, -0.06711038947105408, -0.011320818215608597, 0.016...
54:115,\t2013.\nEffects\tof\tnutritional\tstatus\ton\tpregnancy\toutcome\nFetal\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\nIn\tthe\tearly\t1900s\tU.S.\twomen\twith\tpoor\tnutritional\tstatus\thad\tadverse\tpregnancy\toutcomes\twith\nhemorrhage\tat\tdelivery,\tprolonged\tlabor,\tand\tLBW\tinfants,\tconditions\tstill\tof\tconcern\ttoday...
[ 0.02392633445560932, 0.009988818317651749, 0.040007174015045166, 0.0036125187762081623, -0.07364021986722946, 0.02948008105158806, 0.030462268739938736, 0.06437018513679504, -0.03367123380303383, 0.08296067267656326, 0.09286221116781235, -0.03606612607836723, -0.01622890494763851, -0.02364...
developing\tcountries.\tBecause\tof\tblockades\tduring\tWorld\tWar\tII,\tpreviously\n\twell-nourished\tDutch\npopulations\twere\texposed\tto\tsevere\tfood\trestrictions\tfor\t6\tmonths,\twith\tavailable\trations\tas\tlow\tas\n500\tkcals/day\t(\nLumey\tet\tal,\t2007\n).\tHigher\trates\tof\tmiscarriage\t(spontaneous\tabo...
[ -0.009072327055037022, -0.04932710900902748, 0.009333825670182705, 0.007831049151718616, -0.10412117093801498, -0.026452327147126198, 0.015705637633800507, 0.050453025847673416, -0.010771543718874454, 0.06237318366765976, 0.0674620121717453, -0.015889087691903114, 0.0026562605053186417, -0...
).\tHigher\trates\tof\tmiscarriage\t(spontaneous\tabortion\t[SAB]),\nstillbirths,\tneonatal\tdeaths,\tand\tcongenital\tmalformations\twere\tnoted\tin\toffspring\tborn\tto\twomen\nwho\tconceived\tduring\tthe\tfamine.\tSurviving\tinfants\twere\tsmaller\tif\texposed\tto\tfamine\n\tlate\tin\ngestation\t(\nRoseboom\tet\tal,...
[ 0.0005971547798253596, -0.024616803973913193, 0.037559572607278824, -0.014461078681051731, -0.08652164041996002, 0.03984392061829567, 0.06319370120763779, 0.030565187335014343, 0.026930663734674454, 0.0910777598619461, 0.08545482158660889, -0.02940107136964798, 0.027004079893231392, -0.024...
late\tin\ngestation\t(\nRoseboom\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tSimilar\tfindings\thave\tbeen\tfound\tin\tother\tcountries\tas\twell.\tIn\naddition,\tindividuals\tmay\tbe\tat\thigher\trisk\tof\tundernutrition\tbecause\tof\tpreexisting\tmedical\nconditions\tor\tbecause\tof\teither\tphysical\tor\tcultural\tlimitations\ton\tfood\tav...
[ 0.026777192950248718, -0.05866796150803566, 0.0693296492099762, -0.014478188939392567, -0.09095942229032516, 0.015094705857336521, 0.05929708853363991, -0.018170420080423355, 0.004360857419669628, 0.0713450014591217, 0.1062234491109848, -0.07247290760278702, 0.045244552195072174, 0.0254325...
Even\tif\ta\tmother\tis\tnot\tstarving,\tthe\tdeveloping\tfetus\tmay\tbe\tunable\tto\tobtain\toptimal\tnutrients\nfrom\tsomeone\n\twho\tis\tcompromised\tnutritionally,\tresulting\tin\tgrowth\trestriction.\tThe\tcauses\tof\tIUGR\nare\tmany\tand\tinclude\tmaternal,\tfetal,\tand\tplacental\tfactors\t(\nBox\t14.2\n).\tInfa...
[ 0.0354093536734581, -0.0557045042514801, 0.0646907314658165, 0.010719464160501957, -0.07237628102302551, 0.00477462075650692, 0.06666979938745499, 0.005578246898949146, -0.03617225959897041, 0.11420511454343796, 0.12550832331180573, -0.03349943086504936, -0.005656384397298098, 0.0083873989...
Box\t14.2\n).\tInfants\tborn\twith\tLBW\n(<2500\tg),\tespecially\tthose\twith\tvery\tLBW\t(<1500\tg),\tare\tat\thigher\trisk\tfor\t\nperinatal\tmortality\n(infant\tdeath\toccurring\tbetween\t28\tweeks\tof\tgestation\tand\t4\tweeks\tpostpartum).\tBabies\twho\tare\nborn\twith\tLBW\tmay\tsuffer\tfrom\n\tnecrotizing\tenter...
[ 0.007439821492880583, 0.015515055507421494, 0.04525758698582649, 0.0233907550573349, -0.05772269889712334, -0.0018609173130244017, 0.03433392941951752, 0.038521233946084976, -0.0870087668299675, 0.0776873305439949, 0.0847695842385292, -0.025515936315059662, 0.01999867893755436, 0.026800336...
necrotizing\tenterocolitis,\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome,\nintraventricular\themorrhage,\tcerebral\tpalsy,\tor\tretinopathy\tof\tprematurity\t(see\t\nChapter\t41\n).\nBOX\t14.2\nPotential\tCauses\tof\tIntrauterine\tGrowth\tRestriction\t(IUGR)\nMaternal\tfactors\nMedical\tconditions:\tchronic\thypertension,\tpreecla...
[ -0.01279407273977995, -0.03231162577867508, -0.016702651977539062, 0.01905127242207527, -0.05652391165494919, 0.012167971581220627, -0.0030222823843359947, 0.10210365802049637, -0.07090672850608826, 0.09872062504291534, 0.10475516319274902, -0.014297965914011002, 0.03747247904539108, 0.061...
systemic\tlupus\terythematosus,\tchronic\tkidney\tdisease,\tinflammatory\n\tbowel\tdisease,\tsevere\nlung\tdisease,\tcancer,\thyperemesis\tgravidarum\nInfections:\tsyphilis,\ttoxoplasmosis,\tcytomegalovirus,\trubella,\thepatitis\tB,\therpes\tsimplex\tvirus\n1\tor\t2,\tHIV-1,\t\nHelicobacter\tpylori\n,\tmalaria
[ -0.034907203167676926, -0.03855329006910324, -0.03338402137160301, -0.045485105365514755, -0.03757033869624138, 0.014743790030479431, -0.03843989223241806, 0.09851899743080139, -0.05186903104186058, 0.09572893381118774, 0.026301948353648186, 0.0005737475585192442, 0.08068615943193436, 0.07...
Malnutrition:\tlow\tprepregnant\tweight;\tsmall\tmaternal\tsize;\tpoor\tweight\tgain\t(especially\tin\tthe\nlast\thalf\tof\tpregnancy);\tobesity\t(especially\tif\tcombined\twith\tweight\tloss);\tnutrient\ndeficiencies,\n\tincluding\tprotein,\tvitamins\tA,\tB’s,\tC,\tfolic\tacid,\tzinc,\tcalcium,\tiron;\trecent
[ 0.027437612414360046, -0.01082545518875122, 0.010870265774428844, 0.051668159663677216, -0.08419862389564514, 0.04368128627538681, 0.07462775707244873, 0.07089539617300034, -0.05401773378252983, -0.012559224851429462, 0.10311214625835419, -0.04440436139702797, 0.02228066697716713, -0.01712...
history\tof\tpregnancy;\thigh\tparity;\tmultiple\tpregnancy;\thistory\tof\tIUGR;\tactive\teating\ndisorders\nSocial\tconditions:\tvery\tyoung\tage;\tpoverty;\tlack\tof\tfood\tbecause\tof\twar,\tfamine,\tnatural\ndisasters\t(earthquake,\ttsunami);\tphysical\tor\tmental\tabuse;\tsubstance\tabuse\t(cigarettes,\nalcohol,\t...
[ 0.017024585977196693, -0.004306257236748934, 0.03843875974416733, -0.022567862644791603, -0.022795209661126137, 0.020093586295843124, 0.04712462052702904, 0.016753315925598145, -0.016913624480366707, 0.06694306433200836, 0.09935687482357025, -0.05468150973320007, 0.05476762726902962, -0.01...
alcohol,\theroin,\tcocaine);\texposure\tto\tteratogens;\n\texposure\tto\ttherapeutic\tmedications\n(antimetabolites,\twarfarin,\tphenytoin)\nFetal\tfactors\nGenetic:\trace,\tethnicity,\tsex,\tgenetic\tdisorders\nParity:\tfirst\tbaby\toften\tweighs\tless\tthan\tsubsequent\tsiblings\nChromosomal\tanomalies:\tchromosomal\...
[ 0.008072210475802422, -0.05881447345018387, 0.026713266968727112, 0.010063271038234234, -0.022286202758550644, 0.01297721266746521, 0.03884415328502655, 0.05969693884253502, -0.02636350318789482, 0.0013848249800503254, 0.09716584533452988, -0.06960834562778473, -0.03820304200053215, 0.0399...
Chromosomal\tanomalies:\tchromosomal\tdeletions;\ttrisomy\t13,\t18,\t21\nCongenital\tmalformations:\tanencephaly,\tgastrointestinal\tatresia,\tPotter\tsyndrome,\tpancreatic\nagenesis\nPlacental\tfactors\nPlacental\tinsufficiency:\treduced\tblood\tflow,\timpaired\ttransfer\tof\tnutrients
[ -0.02054763399064541, -0.02397637441754341, -0.014191134832799435, -0.043711256235837936, -0.1256096363067627, 0.00005381888695410453, 0.04672916606068611, -0.007008582819253206, -0.003028718288987875, 0.03472267463803291, 0.07917425036430359, -0.08865715563297272, -0.060271140187978745, -...
Anatomic\tproblems:\tmultiple\tinfarcts,\taberrant\tcord\tinsertions,\tumbilical\tvascular\tthrombosis\nand\themangiomas,\tpremature\tplacental\tseparation,\tsmall\tplacenta\nAdapted\tfrom\tAlisi\tA\tet\tal:\tIntrauterine\tgrowth\tretardation\tand\tnonalcoholic\tfatty\tliver\tdisease\tin\tchildren,\nInt\tJ\tEndocrinol\...
[ 0.013068516738712788, -0.05624036863446236, 0.017661772668361664, 0.009314796887338161, -0.08995368331670761, 0.006832425948232412, 0.07885763049125671, 0.052726078778505325, -0.03654823079705238, 0.08274050056934357, 0.09512277692556381, -0.05965304747223854, -0.047867562621831894, 0.0446...