0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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.\nCardiovascular\tand\tpulmonary\tfunction\nIncreased\tcardiac\toutput\taccompanies\tpregnancy,\tand\tcardiac\tsize\tincreases\tby\t12%.\tBlood\npressure,\tprimarily\tdiastolic,\tdecreases\tduring\tthe\tfirst\ttwo\ttrimesters\tbecause\tof\tperipheral\nvasodilation\tbut\tmay\treturn\tto\tprepregnancy\tvalues\tin\tthe\t... | [
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Mild\tlower\textremity\nedema\tis\tnormal,\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\tpressure\tof\tthe\texpanding\tuterus\ton\tthe\tinferior\tvena\tcava.\nMaternal\toxygen\trequirements\tincrease\tand\tthe\tthreshold\tfor\tcarbon\tdioxide\tlowers,\twhich\tcan\nmake\tthe\tpregnant\twoman\tfeel\tdyspneic.\tCompensation\tresults\tfrom\tmore... | [
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exchange\tand\tlarger\tchest\tdiameter.\tIn\tthe\tthird\ttrimester,\tthe\tdiaphragm\tis\tpushed\tupwards\n\tby\tthe\ngrowing\tuterus,\twhich\tmay\talso\tcontribute\tto\tmaternal\tdyspnea.\nGastrointestinal\tfunction\nDuring\tpregnancy\tthe\tfunction\tof\tthe\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract\tchanges\tin\tseveral\tways\tt... | [
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nutritional\tstatus.\tGums\tmay\tbleed\tmore\teasily\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tblood\tflow.\tIn\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester\nnausea\tand\tvomiting\tmay\toccur,\tfollowed\tby\ta\treturn\tof\tappetite\tthat\tmay\tbe\travenous\t(see\t\nNausea\nand\tVomiting,\tHyperemesis\tGravidarum,\tand\tPtyalism\n).\tCravings\tfor\tand\taver... | [
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common\t(see\t\nCravings,\tAversions,\tand\tPica\n).\tIncreased\tprogesterone\tconcentration\trelaxes\tthe\nuterine\tmuscle\tto\tallow\tfor\tfetal\tgrowth\twhile\talso\tdecreasing\tGI\tmotility\twith\tincreased\nreabsorption\tof\twater.\tThis\toften\tresults\tin\tconstipation.\tHowever,\tearly\thormonal\tchanges\tcan\t... | [
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cause\tdiarrhea\t(see\t\nConstipation,\tHemorrhoids,\tand\tDiarrhea\n).\tA\trelaxed\n\tlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\nand\tpressure\ton\tthe\tstomach\tfrom\tthe\tgrowing\tuterus\tcan\tcause\tregurgitation\tand\tgastric\treflux\n(see\t\nHeartburn\n).\nGallbladder\temptying\tbecomes\tless\tefficient\tbecause\tof\tthe\teff... | [
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contractility.\tConstipation,\tdehydration,\tand\ta\tlow-calorie\tdiet\tare\trisk\tfactors\tfor\tgallstone\ndevelopment.\tDuring\tthe\tsecond\tand\tthird\ttrimesters,\tthe\tvolume\tof\tthe\n\tgallbladder\tdoubles\tand\tits\nability\tto\tempty\tefficiently\tis\treduced.\tBile\tcomposition\talso\tchanges,\tbecoming\tmore... | [
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increasing\tthe\tintrinsic\trisk\tof\tgallstones.\nImmune\tfunction\nPregnancy\thas\tbeen\tthought\tof\tas\ta\ttime\tof\toverall\timmunosuppression\tbut\tthere\tis\tlittle\tevidence\tto\nsupport\tthat\tidea.\tInstead,\tit\tappears\tto\tbe\ta\ttime\tof\timmunotransformation.\tIt\tis\thypothesized\tthat\nthe | [
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the\n\tslow,\tgradual\trelease\tof\tpaternal/fetal\tantigens\tmay\tsomehow\tinduce\ttolerance\trather\tthan | [
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rejection,\tthus\tnot\trequiring\tthe\tsame\timmunosuppression\tas\tis\tnecessary\tfor\ttransplant\trecipients.\nSome\thumoral\tand\tcell-mediated\timmunologic\tfunctions\tdo\tappear\tto\tbe\tsuppressed,\tlikely\tto\taid\tin\nthe\tacceptance\tof\tthe\t“foreign”\tfetus.\tHowever,\tother\timmunologic\tcells\tappear\tto\t... | [
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The\tfetal\timmune\n\tsystem\tappears\tto\taffect\tthe\tmaternal\tresponse\t(\nMor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\nan\teffective\tbarrier\tto\tmany\tpathogens\tbut\talso\tproduces\tsignals\tand\tregulates\tthe\timmune\tresponse\nat\tboth\tthe\timplantation\tsite\tand\talso\tsystemically\t(\nSilasi\tet\tal,\t2015... | [
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Silasi\tet\tal,\t2015\n)\tand,\tat\tleast\tin\tthe\tmurine\nmodel,\tperipheral\tblood\tmeasures\tof\timmune\tfunction\tmay\tnot\tbe\tappropriate\twindows\ton\tthe\nmaternal-fetal\tinterface\t(\nLewis\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nPregnancy\thas\tboth\tproinflammatory\tand\tantiinflammatory\tperiods\t(\nMor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tIt... | [
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Mor\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tIt\tis\tnow\nknown\tthat\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester,\tas\twell\tas\tjust\tbefore\tlabor,\tare\tproinflammatory.\tThe\tearly\nproinflammatory\tresponse\tis\tnecessary\tfor\toptimal\tendometrial\tvascularity\tand\tis,\ttherefore,\nassociated\twith\ta\tsuccessful\tpregnancy.\tThe\tsecond\tand\tmost\tof... | [
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antiinflammatory\tstates,\twhen\n\tthe\tmother\tand\tfetus\tare\tin\trelative\tequilibrium.\tExposure\tto\ninfections,\ttoxins,\tand\tenvironmental\tpollution,\tas\twell\tas\tmaternal\tpsychological\tstress,\tall\taffect\nmaternal\timmune\tfunction\tand\tinflammation\tin\tutero\t(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tWhen\tt... | [
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Claycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tWhen\tthe\ninflammatory\tresponse\tis\texaggerated,\tas\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\tobesity,\tthe\trisk\tof\tnegative\tconsequences\nincreases,\tincluding\tthe\trisk\tof\tboth\tpreterm\tlabor\n\tand\tpreeclampsia.\tThe\texaggerated\tinflammatory\nresponse\tmay\talso\tnegatively\taffect\tfetal\tbra... | [
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New\tDirections:\n\tImmune\tFunction\nand\tBrain\tDevelopment\n).\tThere\tare\talso\tlikely\tnegative\tepigenetic\teffects\t(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nIt\tis\tstill\tnot\tcompletely\tclear\thow\tthe\timmune\tsystem\tand\tpregnancy\taffect\teach\tother\tbut\tthe\ninteraction\tis\tcritical\tfor\tthe\tsurvival\tof\t... | [
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child\tand,\tpossibly,\tfor\tfuture\tpregnancies.\nAlthough\tnutrition\tis\tlikely\timportant\tin\taffecting\tthe\tinflammatory\tresponse\tduring\tpregnancy,\tthe\nextent\tof\tthe\tdietary\tinfluence\t(\nVannuccini\tet\tal,\t2016\n),\tthe\tspecific\tdietary\tpatterns\tand\tcomponents\n(\nClaycombe\tet\tal,\t2015\n),\ta... | [
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),\tand\tthe\timportance\tof\tindividual\tdifferences\t(\nBjørke-Monsen\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\nare\tall\tstill\tunknown\tbut\tare\tcurrently\tunder\tinvestigation\n\t(see\t\nChapter\t7\n).\n\t\nNEW\tDIRECTIONS\nImmune\tFunction\tand\tBrain\tDevelopment\nMaternal\tchronic\tlow-grade\tinflammation,\tcausing\tinflammation\tin... | [
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fetal\tbrain\tstructure\tdevelopment,\tnegatively\taffecting\tneurodevelopment\t(\nMiller\tand\tGeorgieff,\n2017\n).\tThis\tinflammation\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\tover-\tor\tundernutrition,\n\tbut\talso\tmaternal\tstress\tor\nanxiety.\tFetal\tinflammation\tis\tdirectly\ttoxic\tto\tthe\tdeveloping\tbrain\tbut\talso\treduces... | [
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availability\tof\tnutrients\tessential\tfor\tneural\tmigration,\tneuronal\tgrowth,\tand\tdifferentiation.\nIn\taddition,\tit\tis\tnow\tthought\tthat\timmune\tmolecules\tare\timportant\tin\tregulating\tthe\ndevelopment\tof\tthe\tbrain\t(\nBilbo\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tCurrent\tresearch\thas\tbeen\tguided\tby\tthe\tworking\n... | [
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).\tCurrent\tresearch\thas\tbeen\tguided\tby\tthe\tworking\nhypothesis\n\tthat\tprenatal\tinflammatory\tevents,\tincluding\ta\tresponse\tto\tinfection\tbut\talso\texposure\nto\tenvironmental\ttoxins,\tcan\tdisrupt\tthe\tnormal\texpression\tof\timmune\tmolecules\tin\tthe\tbrain\ncalled\tmicroglia\tduring\tcritical\tperi... | [
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disorders,\tincluding\tautism\tspectrum\tdisorder.\tCausality\thas\tnot\tyet\tbeen\tdetermined\tand\tmost\tof\nthe\tcurrent\tresearch\n\tis\tstill\twith\tanimal\tmodels.\tWhether\tand\thow\tdietary\tchanges\twould\taffect\nthis\tprocess\tis\talso\tstill\tunknown.\nMetabolic\tresponses\nThe\tmetabolism\tof\tmacronutrien... | [
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weight\twomen\tand\twomen\twith\tobesity\t(\nTable\t14.6\n).\nTABLE\t14.6\nMetabolic\tChanges\tDuring\tPregnancy\tfor\tWomen\tof\tNormal\tWeight\tand\tObese\nComponent\nNormal\tWeight\nObese\nFat\tdeposition\nwith\ngestational\nweight\tgain\nGestational\tfat\tgain\tis\tprimarily\taccumulated\ncentrally,\tboth\tsubcutan... | [
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0.0128120... |
Visceral\taccumulation\tmay\tincrease\tas\npregnancy\tprogresses.\nLocations\tare\tsimilar,\tamount\tmay\tbe\nless\nLipid\nmetabolism\n50%\tto\t80%\tincrease\tin\tbasal\tfat\toxidation\tand\tin\nresponse\tto\tglucose,\tmarked\thyperlipidemia\nHyperlipidemia\tis\texaggerated\nAmino\n\tacid\nmetabolism\nProtein\tsynthesi... | [
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0.035411... |
and\tthird\t(25%)\ttrimesters\nUnknown,\tbut\tlimited\tevidence\nsuggests\tanabolic\tresponse\tmay\tbe\nimpaired\nGlucose\nmetabolism,\ninsulin\nresistance\nImproved\tfasting\tglucose\tlevels,\tglucose\ttolerance\nand\tinsulin\tsensitivity\tin\tearly\tpregnancy,\tthen\ninsulin\tsensitivity\tdecreases\t50%\tto\t70%\tby\... | [
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third\ttrimester\nEarly\tfasting\tglucose\timproves\n\tless\tif\nat\tall,\tmore\tinsulin\tresistance,\nwhich\tincreases\tserum\tlevels\tof\tall\nmacronutrients\nAdapted\tfrom\tNelson\tSM\tet\tal:\tMaternal\tmetabolism\tand\tobesity:\tmodifiable\tdeterminants\tof\tpregnancy\toutcome,\t\nHuman\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:255,\... | [
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0.0... |
Human\tReprod\tUpdate\n\t16:255,\n2010.\nRenal\tfunction\nThe\tglomerular\tfiltration\trate\t(GFR)\tincreases\tby\t50%\tduring\tpregnancy,\talthough\tthe\tvolume\tof\nurine\texcreted\teach\tday\tis\tnot\tincreased.\n\tRenal\tplasma\tflow\tincreases\tbecause\tof\tthe\tincreased\tGFR | [
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-0.04332343861460686,
0.056363... |
with\tlower\tserum\tcreatinine\tand\tblood\turea\tnitrogen\tconcentrations.\tRenal\ttubular\tresorption\tis\tless\nefficient\tthan\tin\tthe\tnonpregnant\tstate,\tand\tglucosuria,\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tGFR,\tmay\toccur\talong\nwith\tincreased\texcretion\tof\twater-soluble\tvitamins\tand\tamino\tacids.\tSmall\tamounts... | [
0.0023256957065314054,
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0.034072551876306534,
0.081106998026371,
-0.02535058557987213,
0.006662511732429266,
0.08163... |
increase\tthe\trisk\tfor\turinary\ttract\tinfections.\nPlacenta\tand\tuterine\tenvironment\nThe\tfetus\tis\tnot\tprovided\tnutrients\tand\toxygen\tthrough\tthe\tplacenta\tuntil\tafter\tblood\tflow\tis\nestablished\tto\tthe\tplacenta\tthrough\tthe\tuterine\tspiral\tarteries,\taround\t10\tweeks\tof\tgestation.\tBefore | [
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0.07596991956233978,
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0.09491060674190521,
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0.045335445553064346,
-0.01597373... |
that,\tnourishment\tis\tthrough\tsecretions\tfrom\tboth\tthe\tfallopian\ttubes\tand\tthe\tendometrial\tglands,\nalso\tknown\tas\tuterine\tglands.\tThe\tfallopian\ttube\tsecretions\tare\tinitially\n\thigh\tin\tsimple\tcarbohydrates\nbut\tbecome\tmore\tcomplex\tfarther\tdown\tthe\ttubes\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecr... | [
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0.10385071486234665,
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0.06868695467710495,
0.076322540640831,
-0.024539204314351082,
0.024198830127716064,
0.00399... |
response\tto\tthe\tpresence\tof\tgametes\t(\nAvilés\tet\tal,\t2010\n)\tand\talso\tafter\tfertilization\t(\nLeese\tet\tal,\n2008\n).\tThey\tinclude\tmany\tgrowth\tfactors,\tcytokines,\tand\tantioxidants\t(\nMénézo\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tAnimal\nstudies\thave\tshown\tthat\tmany\tnutrients,\tincluding\tamino\tacids,\tpotassi... | [
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0.020650647580623627,
0.0352... |
and\tlactate,\tare\tpresent\nin\tconcentrations\thigher\tthan\tin\tmaternal\tplasma,\twhile\tglucose,\tpyruvate,\tand\ttotal\tprotein\nconcentrations\tare\tlower.\tThe\tnutrients\tenter\tthe\tegg\tthrough\tendocytosis\tand,\tin\tboth\tmice\tand\nrats,\ta\tmaternal\tdiet\tlow\tin\tprotein\tnegatively\taffects\tthe\tgrow... | [
0.010928587056696415,
-0.06377696990966797,
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0.056102506816387177,
0.0313948318362236,
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0.09097808599472046,
0.10147794336080551,
0.0023474537301808596,
0.012418117374181747,
0.039542... |
including\tthe\tcardiovascular\tphenotype\t(\nLeese\tet\tal,\t2008\n).\tThe\tcontents\tof\tthe\tendometrial\nsecretions,\tcalled\t“uterine\tmilk,”\tare\talso\tnot\tcompletely\tunderstood\tbut\tare\trich\tin\tglucose,\tlipids,\nglycoproteins,\tand\tgrowth\tfactors\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecretions\tenter\tthrough... | [
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-0.09113813936710358,
0.046460941433906555,
-0.0003436441475059837,
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0.003616675967350602,
0.036958299577236176,
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0.05172799527645111,
0.10781858116388321,
-0.018204038962721825,
-0.05217549204826355,
0.02... |
Burton,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsecretions\tenter\tthrough\tthe\tintervillous\nspaces\tof\tthe\tplacenta,\tgoing\tto\tthe\tyolk\tsac\tand\tfeeding\tthe\tdeveloping\tfetus.\tWhether\tmaternal\ndiet\tor\tobesity\taffects\tthe\tcontents\tof\tthese\tsecretions\tis\tunknown\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\tbut\tat\tleast\nglycogen\t... | [
-0.032613445073366165,
-0.05427146703004837,
0.041160013526678085,
-0.021995481103658676,
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0.05609181150794029,
0.09219355881214142,
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0.07321640104055405,
0.05642557144165039,
-0.040755946189165115,
-0.006148314569145441,
0.00... |
)\tbut\tat\tleast\nglycogen\tis\tstored\tin\tthese\tglands\t(\nJones\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tThe\tuterine\tgland\tsecretions\timpact\tuterine\nreceptivity\tand\tblastocyst\timplantation\t(\nKelleher\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\tgrowth\tfactors\tin\tthe\tsecretions\nthat\tstimulate\tplacental\tgrowth\tmay\tbe\ttriggered\tby\tth... | [
0.013657317496836185,
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0.07163895666599274,
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0.06073833629488945,
0.040088504552841187,
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0.08182106912136078,
0.12683159112930298,
-0.06572515517473221,
-0.023487599566578865,
0.... |
Burton,\t2018\n).\nMaternal\tnutritional\tstatus\taffects\tplacental\tdevelopment,\tgrowth,\tnutrient\ttransport,\tand\nendocrine\tcapabilities\n\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tSome\tnutrients,\tincluding\tiron,\tiodine,\tzinc,\tfolate,\nselenium,\tand\tvitamin\tA,\tare\tknown\tto\tbe\tcritically\timportant\tpreconcept... | [
-0.024144351482391357,
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0.03690415620803833,
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-0.07104744762182236,
0.04089660942554474,
0.0892883688211441,
0.004749909043312073,
-0.0725102499127388,
0.035610225051641464,
0.09625256061553955,
-0.06671257317066193,
-0.05332741141319275,
0.0236061... |
status\timproves\tpregnancy\toutcomes\tand\treduces\tthe\trisk\tof\tpreeclampsia,\tgestational\tdiabetes\nmellitus\t(GDM),\tand\tpreterm\tdelivery\tpossibly\tby\timproving\tplacental\tfunctioning\tby\treducing\nplacental\toxidative\tstress\tand\tinflammation\n\t(\nRichard\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tOther\tnutrients,\tincludin... | [
-0.018164219334721565,
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0.06655994057655334,
0.013007217086851597,
-0.08483502268791199,
0.02762671560049057,
0.11368223279714584,
0.047894999384880066,
-0.039208561182022095,
0.055541250854730606,
0.11559664458036423,
-0.02832414209842682,
-0.015272019430994987,
-0.00... |
(\nRichard\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tOther\tnutrients,\tincluding\nmagnesium,\tappear\tto\tdirectly\taffect\tplacental\tdevelopment.\tHowever,\tvery\tlittle\tis\tknown\tabout\tthe\neffects\tof\tnutritional\tstatus\ton\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tplacenta.\tMaternal\tBMI\t(both\thigh\tand\tlow), | [
0.010985774919390678,
-0.05425235629081726,
0.08459679037332535,
-0.04164732247591019,
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0.04093144088983536,
0.08761885017156601,
-0.020734405145049095,
-0.029873806983232498,
0.05569447576999664,
0.12705226242542267,
-0.012540975585579872,
0.010004592128098011,
0.0291... |
body\tcomposition,\tpast\tnutritional\tstatus,\tcurrent\tdiet,\tfuel\treserves,\tand\tepigenetics\tare\tall\tlikely\nimportant\t(\nBurton,\t2018\n).\nPlacental\tweight\n\tis\tnot\ta\tuseful\tproxy\tmeasure\tfor\tplacental\tfunction\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\nplacenta\tgrows\tthroughout\tthe\tpregnancy,\tinclud... | [
-0.011003286577761173,
0.024683387950062752,
0.07811284065246582,
0.019665241241455078,
-0.08078621327877045,
0.02793797105550766,
0.030985023826360703,
0.0409197174012661,
-0.035128895193338394,
0.04893023893237114,
0.119263656437397,
-0.050185538828372955,
-0.00764205027371645,
-0.034148... |
growth\tappears\tto\tbe\ttightly\tregulated\t(\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\t2018\n).\tSmall\tplacentas\tcan\tadapt\tto\nincrease\tnutrient\ttransporters.\tHowever,\twhen,\thow,\tand\tby\thow\tmuch\tthe\tplacenta\tadapts\tis\tnot\ncompletely\tclear,\tnor\tis\tthe\n\treserve\tcapacity.\tWhen\tthe\tplacental\tcapacity\tto\tad... | [
0.0031534743029624224,
-0.032410554587841034,
0.07737752050161362,
-0.035150978714227676,
-0.09806761890649796,
0.03403672203421593,
0.05952923744916916,
-0.028791848570108414,
-0.025149313732981682,
0.09487783163785934,
0.12496469169855118,
-0.027688050642609596,
-0.0050908890552818775,
-... |
placental\tfunction\tis\timpaired,\tfetal\tdevelopment\tmay\tbe\timpaired,\taffecting\tlong-term\thealth\n(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tFor\texample,\tthe\teffect\tof\tGDM\ton\tplacental\tanatomy\tis\tnot\tfully\tunderstood\tbut\nsex-specific\talterations\tare\tevident\tthat\tmay\taffect\tnutrient\ttransport\t(\nCastil... | [
0.004726157523691654,
-0.04521198198199272,
0.0834994986653328,
-0.01950385980308056,
-0.07014605402946472,
0.057851456105709076,
0.034632761031389236,
0.032595932483673096,
-0.015173625200986862,
0.0568695031106472,
0.12838898599147797,
-0.0369897224009037,
-0.016797609627246857,
0.017224... |
Castillo-Castrejon\tand\tPowell,\n2017\n),\tincluding\tdocosahexaenoic\n\tacid\t(DHA)\t(\nLéveillé\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tWhether\tthere\tare\tindependent\neffects\tof\tGDM\tand\tobesity\tis\tnot\tyet\tclear.\tObesity\tappears\tto\taffect\tthe\tplacental\tfunction\tin\ta\tsex-\nspecific\tway,\twhere\tmales\tcontinue\tto\t... | [
-0.03796500340104103,
0.009986842051148415,
0.07307633012533188,
0.00983827281743288,
-0.0847926065325737,
0.026492077857255936,
0.05865016207098961,
0.017074204981327057,
0.0005306533421389759,
0.004656275734305382,
0.09028375148773193,
-0.10930869728326797,
-0.0040073087438941,
0.0225469... |
ensuring\tsurvival\t(\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\t2018\n).\tHigh\taltitude\talso\taffects\tplacental\tdevelopment\tand\nfunction\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n)\t(\nFig.\t14.1\n). | [
-0.03536129370331764,
0.04235038161277771,
0.11297013610601425,
-0.07634659856557846,
-0.04602207988500595,
0.013796821236610413,
0.07545863091945648,
0.04002054035663605,
-0.09166305512189865,
0.02801535092294216,
0.09678133577108383,
-0.021489117294549942,
-0.014017660170793533,
0.028742... |
FIG.\t14.1\nSummary\tof\tpotential\tstressors\tthat\tcan\talter\tthe\tplacental\tstructure\tand\tfunction,\taffecting\tthe\nnutrient\tavailability\tand\ttherefore\tthe\tprogramming\tof\tthe\tfetus.\n\tSource:\t(Adapted\tfrom\tMyatt\tL,\tThornburg\tKL:\tEffects\tof\nPrenatal\tNutrition\tand\tthe\tRole\tof\tthe\tPlacenta... | [
-0.011277550831437111,
-0.03704718500375748,
0.04222102090716362,
-0.0370408296585083,
-0.06971337646245956,
0.025474514812231064,
0.06124065816402435,
0.06059878319501877,
-0.019825132563710213,
0.02456778474152088,
0.08212683349847794,
-0.06137915700674057,
0.04637892544269562,
0.0149415... |
Methods\tMol\tBiol\n\t1735:\t19,\t2018.)\nNutrients\tpass\tthrough\tthe\tplacenta\tby\ta\tvariety\tof\tmechanisms.\n\tMaternal\tnutrient\tstatus\twould\ndirectly\taffect\tthose\ttransferred\tthrough\tdiffusion\tor\tendocytosis/exocytosis.\tHowever,\tthe\ttransport\nof\tother\tnutrients\tcan\tbe\tupregulated\tthrough\tf... | [
-0.007538696750998497,
-0.0879543125629425,
0.03446899354457855,
-0.037747230380773544,
-0.0702279657125473,
0.0321342870593071,
0.03468150272965431,
0.004352496471256018,
-0.02994411624968052,
0.05286204069852829,
0.1008765771985054,
-0.022599104791879654,
0.03825375437736511,
0.052237853... |
transport\t(\nFig.\t14.2\n).\tTransport\tmechanisms\thave\tnot\tyet\tbeen\tidentified\tfor\tall\tnutrients.\tIn\naddition,\tthe\tplacenta\tcan\tsynthesize\tproteins\tfor\ttransport\tto\tthe\n\tfetus\tand\tmay\talso\tbe\ta\tsource\tof\nglucose,\tcholine,\tand\tfatty\tacids\t(\nBurton\tet\tal,\t2016\n;\t\nNugent\tand\tBa... | [
0.028555262833833694,
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0.06193923205137253,
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0.016804896295070648,
0.04361245036125183,
0.006359545513987541,
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0.023837683722376823,
0.07037682831287384,
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0.0160234197974205,
0.05383... |
;\t\nNugent\tand\tBale,\t2015\n;\t\nMyatt\tand\tThornburg,\n2018\n).\nFIG.\t14.2\nRepresentation\tof\tthe\tknown\tprocesses\tby\twhich\tmaterials\tcross\tthe\tplacental\nmembrane.\n\tSource:\t(Adapted\tfrom\tBurton\tGJ,\tFowden\tAL,\tThornburg\tKL:\tPlacental\tOrigins\tof\tChronic\tDisease,\t\nPhysiol\tRev | [
0.0022681576665490866,
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0.0656728520989418,
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-0.08968858420848846,
0.02974725142121315,
0.02608834207057953,
0.004508580546826124,
0.009161285124719143,
0.0017995486268773675,
0.05119571462273598,
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-0.0077977911569178104,
-0.0... |
Physiol\tRev\n96:1509,\t2016;\tCao\tC,\tFleming\tMD:\tThe\tplacenta:\tthe\tforgotten\tessential\torgan\tof\tiron\ttransport,\t\nNutr\tRev\n\t74:421,\t2016;\tGrieger\nJA,\tClifton\tVL:\tA\treview\tof\tthe\timpact\tof\tdietary\tintakes\tin\thuman\n\tpregnancy\ton\tinfant\tbirthweight,\t\nNutrients\n\t7:153,\t2014;\tMyatt... | [
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0.012305761687457561,
0.001564980368129909,
0.0660247951745987,
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0.029887767508625984,
0.11194334179162979,
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0.... |
pregnancy\ton\tinfant\tbirthweight,\t\nNutrients\n\t7:153,\t2014;\tMyatt\tL,\nThornburg\tKL:\tEffects\tof\tPrenatal\tNutrition\tand\tthe\tRole\tof\tthe\tPlacenta\tin\tHealth\tand\tDisease,\t\nMethods\tMol\tBiol\n\t1735:\t19,\t2018;\nNugent\tBM,\tBale\tTL:\tThe\tomniscient\tplacenta:\tMetabolic\tand\tepigenetic\tregulat... | [
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0.012376503087580204,
0.03802226111292839,
0.052931610494852066,
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0.000060615111578954384,
0.09197808057069778,
-0.09140582382678986,
-0.021689848974347115,
-0.... |
Front\tNeuroendocrinol\n39:28,\t2015;\tRichard\tK,\tHolland\tO,\tLanders\tK\tet\tal:\tReview:\tEffects\tof\tmaternal\n\tmicronutrient\tsupplementation\ton\tplacental\tfunction,\nPlacenta\n\t54:38,\t2017.)\nThe\tplacenta\tis\tvery\tactive\tmetabolically,\tconsuming\t80%\tof\tthe\toxygen\tit\ttakes\tfrom\tmaternal\ncircu... | [
-0.021840179339051247,
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0.040125634521245956,
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0.05256863683462143,
0.03156011924147606,
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0.05028461292386055,
0.104642853140831,
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0.04378925636410713,
-0.03952... |
circulation\tat\tmidgestation\tand\t40%\tto\t60%\tin\tlate\tgestation\t(\nZhang\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tIt\tplays\ta\tdynamic\nrole\tin\toptimizing\tthe\tresource\tallocation\tbetween\tthe\tmother\tand\tthe\tfetus.\tIt\tresponds\tto\tmaternal\nnutrient\tavailability\n\tbut\tpaternal\tgenes\talso\tplay\ta\trole,\tpromoting\... | [
0.017095427960157394,
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0.046775467693805695,
0.008649999275803566,
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0.017308838665485382,
0.05966121703386307,
0.056677304208278656,
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0.0738474652171135,
0.11495180428028107,
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0.02971150353550911,
0.041476... |
is\tnot\tclear\tif\tobesity\talters\tspecific\tnutrient\ttransporters.\tThe\tsex\tof\tthe\tfetus/placenta\tis\talso\ncritical\tand,\tin\tgeneral,\tplacental\tadaptation\tis\tgreater\twith\tfemale\toffspring\t(\nBrett\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tHow\nthe\tmother\tand\tfetus\tsignal\teach\tother\tis\tnot\tyet\tclear.\tHowever,\t... | [
0.044343095272779465,
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0.06155380234122276,
0.07374964654445648,
-0.019313804805278778,
-0.008607855066657066,
0.12260502576828003,
0.09690621495246887,
-0.05104410648345947,
-0.015470298938453197,
0.055... |
a\n\tpassive\trecipient\tof\tmaternal\tnutrients\tbut,\tinstead,\tactually\tdirects\thow\tmuch\tis\ttransferred\nthrough\tthe\tplacenta,\tincluding\ttrying\tto\tmatch\tthe\tperceived\tnutrient\tavailability.\tFor\texample,\nthere\tis\ta\tdown-regulation\tof\tprotein\ttransfer\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\t\nintrauterine\tgrowth\... | [
0.003589639440178871,
-0.10733641684055328,
0.01596917025744915,
-0.016052156686782837,
-0.0681242123246193,
0.04501401260495186,
0.060589153319597244,
0.02625420317053795,
-0.006298509892076254,
0.0823739692568779,
0.1335841566324234,
-0.03584400936961174,
0.030765431001782417,
0.05398869... |
intrauterine\tgrowth\trestriction\n(IUGR)\n.\tWhen\tan\tabnormal\tsituation\tis\tidentified\tand\tinterventions\tare\timplemented,\tit\tis\tunknown\nwhether\tthese\n\ttransport\tmechanisms\tadapt\tto\tthe\tnew\tenvironment\tor,\tonce\tset,\tare\trelatively\npermanent.\nThe\tplacenta\tproduces\tseveral\thormones\trespon... | [
0.026783205568790436,
-0.015702128410339355,
0.08580125868320465,
-0.01675442047417164,
-0.05419791862368584,
0.019127119332551956,
0.06878972053527832,
0.018834654241800308,
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0.10812323540449142,
0.11649555712938309,
-0.03016209788620472,
-0.010564172640442848,
0.041... |
development\tof\tmaternal\tsupport\ttissues.\tIt\tis\tthe\tconduit\tfor\tthe\texchange\tof\tnutrients,\toxygen,\tand\nwaste\tproducts.\tThe\tplacenta\talso\tprovides\ta\tselective\tbarrier,\tprotecting\tthe\tfetus\tfrom\tpathogens,\nteratogens,\tand\n\tother\ttoxins\t(see\t\nClinical\tInsight:\tConsumption\tof\tHuman\t... | [
-0.02770775370299816,
-0.06233519688248634,
0.029107309877872467,
-0.04487084597349167,
-0.002235518768429756,
0.004582333378493786,
0.07756945490837097,
0.018441930413246155,
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0.07463747262954712,
0.07222643494606018,
0.00014237701543606818,
0.019533630460500717,
0.0... |
Clinical\tInsight:\tConsumption\tof\tHuman\tPlacenta\n),\tbut\tits\tdefenses\ncan\tbe\toverwhelmed.\tIn\taddition,\tit\tis\tnow\tthought\tthat\tthe\tplacenta\tmay\tcontain\ta\tunique\nmicrobiome,\thypothesized\tto\tbe\timportant\tin\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tthe\tfetal\timmune\tsystem,\tlowering\nthe\trisk\tof\tallergies\... | [
0.003999979235231876,
-0.04320118576288223,
0.0662611871957779,
-0.06495469808578491,
-0.09182269126176834,
0.02979584038257599,
0.05235593393445015,
0.061028361320495605,
-0.0033573713153600693,
0.07929863035678864,
0.07959773391485214,
-0.007366579491645098,
0.020796537399291992,
0.05632... |
the\trisk\tof\tallergies\t(\nPrince\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tIt\tis\talso\tknown\tnow\tthat\tthe\ttrophoblast\tinvades\tthe\nlymphatic\tsystem\t(as\twell\n\tas\tthe\tspiral\tarteries\tand\tuterine\tveins)\tbut\twhether\taccess\tto\tthe\tlymph\ntriggers\tmaternal\timmune\ttolerance\tis\tunknown\t(\nMoser\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\n... | [
0.00014669689699076116,
-0.02918163128197193,
0.058100346475839615,
-0.04782005026936531,
-0.09666145592927933,
0.013276359997689724,
0.04218878969550133,
0.0055066621862351894,
0.02336813136935234,
0.09473750740289688,
0.1159229651093483,
-0.05538303032517433,
0.023735400289297104,
0.0015... |
Moser\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nCLINICAL\tINSIGHT\nConsumption\tof\tHuman\tPlacenta\nIn\tmany\tareas,\twomen\tare\tnow\tbeing\toffered\ttheir\tplacentas\tafter\tdelivery.\tWhile\tsome\tpeople\nwant\tto\tsave\tit\tfor\tcultural\treasons,\tmany\tare\tnow\tchoosing\tto\teat\ttheir\tplacentas\tfor\tmany\tself-\nreported\tbenefit... | [
-0.02512560971081257,
-0.03408636152744293,
0.06867840141057968,
-0.06954430788755417,
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0.025944901630282402,
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0.09703494608402252,
0.08223224431276321,
-0.004473400767892599,
0.004871094133704901,
-0... |
reported\tbenefits.\n\tPlacentophagy\tis\tpromoted\tas\ta\tpotential\tway\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tpostpartum\ndepression\tand\timprove\tinfant\tbonding,\tas\twell\tas\treplace\tthe\tiron\tand\tother\tnutrients\tlost\tduring\npregnancy\tand\tdelivery.\tIt\tis\talso\tpromoted\tas\ta\tsource\tof\tenergy,\ta\tlactation\... | [
-0.009848655201494694,
-0.04454556480050087,
0.059648167341947556,
0.018755147233605385,
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0.0420350544154644,
0.11186147481203079,
0.054204151034355164,
-0.04281989485025406,
0.0745416060090065,
0.09055260568857193,
-0.03987845033407211,
0.03303131088614464,
0.05854299... |
immune\tsystem\tbooster,\tand\tas\ta\tway\tto\tdecrease\tpain\tand\tbleeding\tafter\tdelivery\t(\nFarr\tet\tal,\n2018\n).\nPlacentas\tdo\tcontain\thormones\n\tthat\tmay\tbe\tbeneficial\tbut\tthe\ttherapeutic\teffect\thas\tnot\tbeen\ndemonstrated\t(\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2016b\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018a\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,... | [
-0.0005511200288310647,
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0.06104730814695358,
-0.05172977223992348,
-0.05254901200532913,
0.05718648061156273,
0.06068456918001175,
0.026794712990522385,
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0.058028027415275574,
0.10420989245176315,
-0.024889519438147545,
0.050089746713638306,
0.0... |
;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018a\n;\t\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2018b\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\ta\nsignificant\tsource\tof\tiron\tbut\tnormal\tconsumption\tamounts\tare\tunlikely\tto\tmake\ta\tsignificant\ndifference\tin\tthe\tpostpartum\tiron\tstatus\t(\nGryder\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tThe\tplacenta\tis\ta\tsource\tof\tother\nnutrients\tas... | [
-0.048331767320632935,
-0.037074699997901917,
0.02400021068751812,
-0.01793563924729824,
-0.060134157538414,
0.012464032508432865,
0.03878412023186684,
-0.006221916060894728,
0.009660540148615837,
0.029786868020892143,
0.11560023576021194,
-0.05355030298233032,
0.04112820699810982,
-0.0018... |
cholesterol\t(\nChang\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tHowever,\tthere\nis\twide\tvariability\tbetween\twomen\t(\nYoung\tet\tal,\t2016a\n).\nThe\tplacenta\tis\talso\ta\tpotential\tsource\tof\tpathogens,\ttoxins,\tand\theavy\tmetals,\tdepending\ton\nprenatal\texposure.\tTheoretically,\tmaternal\tconsumption\tcould\ttrigger\talloimmu... | [
-0.03120824694633484,
-0.065433070063591,
0.021630484610795975,
-0.0650266781449318,
-0.11892443895339966,
-0.04569147154688835,
-0.015705276280641556,
0.05017618089914322,
-0.029330218210816383,
-0.006595469079911709,
0.08410972356796265,
-0.0018083315808326006,
0.011576267890632153,
-0.0... |
her\tto\tgenetically\tdifferent\tcells\tor\ttissues,\ttriggering\tan\timmune\tresponse\tand,\ttherefore,\nharming\tfuture\n\tpregnancies\t(\nFarr\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tA\trecent\tcase\treport\tcited\tmaternal\tingestion\tof\ndried\tplacenta\tas\ta\tlikely\tsource\tof\tGroup\tB\tstrep\tinfection\tin\ta\tnewborn,\tpossibly... | [
-0.002703477628529072,
-0.026653748005628586,
0.08827269822359085,
0.010050871409475803,
-0.10215014964342117,
0.02703271433711052,
0.11186391860246658,
-0.007564632687717676,
-0.017850050702691078,
0.08133123815059662,
0.13106565177440643,
-0.07174336910247803,
0.005431820638477802,
-0.01... |
maternal\tintestinal\tand\tskin\tcolonization,\tfacilitating\ttransfer\tto\tthe\tinfant.\tDried\tplacenta\tpowder\nis\tnot\tsterile\tand\twhen\tstored\tover\t6\tmonths,\thas\tbeen\ta\tsource\tof\t\nPaenibacillus\tmacerans\n,\nbacteria\tthat\tproduce\thistamine\n\tin\tpreserved\tfoods,\tpotentially\tcausing\tfoodborne\t... | [
0.008270715363323689,
-0.055835623294115067,
0.04328901693224907,
-0.040793828666210175,
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0.03803721442818642,
0.02605077624320984,
0.03493911400437355,
-0.02124580554664135,
0.08744309097528458,
0.15759055316448212,
-0.06736572831869125,
0.019133135676383972,
0.054935... |
intoxication\t(\nJohnson\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nThe\tprocessing\tis\tnot\tregulated\tby\tthe\tFood\tand\tDrug\tAdministration\t(FDA)\tand\tis\tnot\nstandardized.\tThe\tplacenta\tmust\tbe\thandled\tcarefully,\tincluding\tbeing\trefrigerated\tsoon\tafter\ndelivery.\tThe\tconsumption\tof\tplacenta\tshould\tbe\tdiscouraged\ti... | [
0.010878721252083778,
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0.05164143070578575,
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0.00877485889941454,
0.10890784859657288,
0.034881576895713806,
-0.006168808322399855,
0.04083547741174698,
0.08512308448553085,
-0.025511428713798523,
0.04802871495485306,
0.04659... |
infection\t(\nJohnson\tet\tal,\t2018\n)\tor\tif\tthe\tmother\twas\texposed\tto\theavy\tmetals\tduring\tpregnancy.\tIt\nshould\tnot\tbe\teaten\traw,\tincluding\tin\ta\tsmoothie.\tIf\tdried\tand\tencapsulated,\tit\tshould\tbe\tsteamed\nfirst\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tpathogen\ttransmission.\nPlacental\tinsults\tcompromi... | [
-0.04267827421426773,
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0.058648109436035156,
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0.00009587962995283306,
0.06293690204620361,
0.03831085190176964,
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0.06670704483985901,
0.10785502195358276,
-0.019943948835134506,
0.06721004843711853,
0.099... |
mother\tis.\tThese\tinsults\tcan\tbe\tthe\tresult\tof\tpoor\tplacentation\tfrom\tearly\tpregnancy\n\tor\tsmall\tinfarcts\nassociated\twith\tpreeclampsia\tand\tother\thypertensive\tdisorders.\tWhen\tthe\tplacenta\thas\ta\treduced\nfunctional\tcapacity\tfor\twhatever\treason,\tthe\tresult\tis\toften\tintrauterine\tgrowth... | [
-0.03343970328569412,
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0.06862694025039673,
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0.029576430097222328,
0.05278080329298973,
0.03878236189484596,
0.01936870999634266,
0.11580553650856018,
0.12147245556116104,
-0.009874006733298302,
-0.005907637067139149,
-0.029... |
However,\tas\tmentioned\tbefore,\tthe\tplacenta\talso\thas\tthe\tability\tto\trespond\tto\ta\tpoor\tenvironment.\nFor\texample,\twomen\taffected\tby\tthe\tWorld\tWar\tII\tDutch\tfamine\tin\ttheir\tfirst\ttrimesters\n\thad\tlarger\nplacentas,\tresulting\tin\tnormal\tweight\tinfants\t(\nBelkacemi\tet\tal,\t2010\n). | [
0.05834772437810898,
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0.1056583970785141,
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0.04327571392059326,
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0.08673465996980667,
0.09932710975408554,
-0.08669731765985489,
0.03980400040745735,
0.0195... |
Belkacemi\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nA\tless-than-optimal\tenvironment\tin\tutero\tcan\tlead\tto\ta\tmismatch\tbetween\tavailable\tnutrients\tand\nthe\tgenetically\tdetermined\tfetal\tdrive\tfor\tgrowth.\tThe\tgoal\tis\tto\tsupport\ta\thealthy\tenvironment\nthrough\ta\tproper\tbalance\tof\tnutrients\tand\tthe\tavoidance\tof\t... | [
0.001683025504462421,
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0.037360552698373795,
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0.013014988973736763,
0.08372656255960464,
0.04886559024453163,
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0.07776028662919998,
0.10422275215387344,
-0.04929487779736519,
0.011780920438468456,
0.02416... |
Clinical\tInsight\n:\tHigh-\nRisk\tPregnancies\twith\tNutritional\tComponents\n).\nCLINICAL\tINSIGHT\nHigh-Risk\tPregnancies\twith\tNutritional\tComponents\nApproximately\t10%\tof\tall\tpregnancies\tare\tconsidered\t“high\trisk,”\tmeaning\tthere\tis\ta\tmaternal\npreexisting\tcomplication\tor\ta\tsituation\tthat\tanted... | [
0.007149221375584602,
0.010660356841981411,
0.03356381505727768,
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0.01640426181256771,
0.06172250583767891,
0.08435866236686707,
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0.0660882368683815,
0.07301267981529236,
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-0.03258... |
gestation\tthat\tputs\tthe\tmother\tor\tthe\tfetus\tat\trisk\tfor\ta\tpoor\toutcome.\tMany\tof\tthese\tmay\tinclude\nnutritional\tconcerns\tas\twell.\tWomen\twho\n\tpresent\twith\tthe\tfollowing\tissues\tneed\tincreased\nmedical\tsurveillance\tand\tnutrition\tassessment\tto\tensure\tthe\tmost\tfavorable\toutcomes,\tcon... | [
0.052974507212638855,
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0.005033906549215317,
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0.002224948722869158,
0.04302282631397247,
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0.09500601142644882,
0.11709725856781006,
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0.01596931368112564,
-0.014... |
medical\tcosts,\tand\tthe\tfewest\tcomplications.\nAnemias:\tmicrocytic\tor\tmacrocytic\nCardiovascular\tissues:\tmaternal\tcardiac\tstructural\tdefects,\tpreexisting\tcardiovascular\tdisease\nEndocrine\tissues:\tpolycystic\tovary\tsyndrome,\tthyroid\tdisease,\tgestational\n\tdiabetes,\ttype\t1\tor\t2\ndiabetes | [
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0.... |
Functional\talterations:\tdeafness,\tblindness,\tparalysis,\tparaplegia,\tquadriplegia\nGastrointestinal\tissues:\tfood\tallergies,\tceliac\tdisease,\tCrohn’s\tdisease,\tulcerative\tcolitis,\npostbariatric\tsurgery,\tgallstones\nHyperemesis\tgravidarum\nHypertension:\tpreexisting,\tpregnancy-induced,\tpreeclampsia | [
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0.041804272681474686,
0.08440634608268738,
0.03522062301635742,
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0... |
Hypertension:\tpreexisting,\tpregnancy-induced,\tpreeclampsia\nInfections:\tHIV\tand\tAIDS,\tmalaria,\tdental\tdisease,\tintestinal\tparasites\nMaternal\tgenetic\tdiseases\tor\tintellectual\tdevelopmental\tdisability\nMedical\tproblems:\tlupus,\tmyasthenia\tgravis,\tcystic\tfibrosis,\tpancreatitis,\tphenylketonuria,\nc... | [
-0.0182864498347044,
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0.07763929665088654,
0.0877724289894104,
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0.0285949744284153,
0.04065... |
cancer,\tsickle\tcell\tdisease\nMultiple\tfetuses\nObesity:\tBMI\t≥30\nPica\nPsychiatric:\teating\tdisorders,\tdepression,\tbipolar\tdisorders,\tMunchausen\tsyndrome,\tsuicidal\nideation,\tsubstance\tabuse\nRespiratory\tissues:\tasthma,\ttuberculosis,\tadult\n\trespiratory\tdistress\tdisorder\nSurgeries:\tcancers,\tgal... | [
0.00905396044254303,
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0.024926582351326942,
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0.04770762100815773,
0.04422597587108612,
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0.022066332399845123,
0.08571137487888336,
-0.021047160029411316,
0.07455746084451675,
0.013056... |
Young\tage—teenagers\nAIDS\n,\tAcquired\timmune\tdeficiency\tsyndrome;\t\nHIV\n,\thuman\timmunodeficiency\tvirus.\nAll\tnutrients\tare\tthought\tto\tbe\timportant,\talthough\tsome\tare\tbetter\tstudied\tthan\tothers.\t\nTable\t14.1\nlists\tsome\tpotential\tfunctions.\tHowever,\tmore\tcomplex\tinteractions\tinvolving\tm... | [
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0.0492800809442997,
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0.1124289408326149,
0.05070251226425171,
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0.06914005428552628,
0.1119643971323967,
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0.030316226184368134,
0.07598400... |
also\n\tlikely\tcritical.\tFor\texample,\tmultiple\tnutrients\tare\tinvolved\tin\tthe\tcreation\tof\tbone\t(see\t\nChapter\n23\n)\tand\tbrain\t(\nTable\t14.7\n).\tWhen\teither\tmacro-\tor\tmicronutrients\tare\tlacking,\tthe\ttiming\tof\tthe\ndeficit\tis\timportant\tin\tpredicting\tthe\timpact\tof\tthat\tinsult\t(\nMonk... | [
-0.02941996417939663,
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0.05163232982158661,
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0.0015225030947476625,
0.06863263994455338,
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0.030071638524532318,
0.04364222288131714,
0.1028815358877182,
-0.03371850401163101,
0.06241529434919357,
0.019234... |
Monk\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\tWhen\tcritical\tperiods\nare\tmissed,\tthe\tdamage\twill\tbe\tirreversible,\teven\tif\tthe\tnutrient\tsupply\tlater\tappears\tadequate\n(\nGeorgieff\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tNutrients\tknown\tto\thave\tcritical\tor\tsensitive\tperiods\tinclude\tprotein,\nLCPUFAs,\tglucose,\tiron,\tzinc,\tcopper,\tiod... | [
-0.06973031163215637,
-0.08539056032896042,
-0.004207880701869726,
-0.047587960958480835,
-0.052512943744659424,
0.03625456616282463,
0.09031792730093002,
0.07001693546772003,
0.002828256692737341,
0.05616828054189682,
0.09546712785959244,
-0.05515431612730026,
0.020497579127550125,
0.0612... |
6\n,\tB\n12\n,\tA,\tK,\tfolate,\tand\ncholine.\tIn\tthe\tcase\tof\tfetal\tneurodevelopment,\tthe\tyounger\tthe\tbrain,\tthe\tmore\tit\tis\table\tto\trecover\nfrom\tan\tinsult.\tHowever,\tthe\tbrain\tis\tnot\ta\thomogenous\torgan\tand\tdoes\tnot\tdevelop\tin\ta\tsingle\ntrajectory,\tso\tthe\tspecific\trisks\n\tdepend\to... | [
0.023530319333076477,
-0.023414812982082367,
0.01551384013146162,
-0.054115649312734604,
-0.11713605374097824,
0.03908577188849449,
0.10184528678655624,
-0.017778344452381134,
0.03633331134915352,
0.06214972212910652,
0.05476011708378792,
-0.04079616814851761,
0.03041541390120983,
-0.02964... |
depend\ton\tthe\tregion\tof\tthe\tbrain\tas\twell\tas\tthe\ttiming,\tdose,\tand\nduration\tof\tthe\tperturbation\t(\nGeorgieff\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t\nGeorgieff,\t2017\n). | [
-0.013693355955183506,
-0.01749213971197605,
0.03286634758114815,
-0.06148584932088852,
-0.11801894754171371,
0.03847737982869148,
0.0740048885345459,
-0.02389417588710785,
0.058932363986968994,
0.012053810060024261,
0.08404786884784698,
-0.08560357242822647,
0.04901554808020592,
0.0329867... |
TABLE\t14.7\nKey\tNutrients\tfor\tFetal\tand\tNeonatal\tBrain\tDevelopment\nNutrient\nFunction\tin\tBrain\tDevelopment\nNegative\tEffect\tof\nDeficiency\nLong-chain\npolyunsaturated\nfatty\tacids,\nprimarily\tDHA\nand\tAA\nCell\tmembrane\tformation,\tmyelin,\tsynaptosomes,\nintracellular\n\tcommunication,\tsignal\ttran... | [
0.014718557707965374,
-0.09012246131896973,
-0.01918061263859272,
-0.00481015257537365,
-0.09197912365198135,
0.03182968124747276,
0.0335104800760746,
0.06784755736589432,
-0.03981833904981613,
0.0746949166059494,
0.11640682071447372,
-0.039879146963357925,
-0.01095855887979269,
0.07681180... |
Neurodevelopment,\tvisual\ndevelopment\nProtein\nNeuronal\tand\tglial\tstructural\tproteins,\tsynaptic\nstructures\tand\tnumbers,\tneurotransmitter\tpeptide\nproduction\tespecially\tin\tcerebellum,\thippocampus,\nand\tcerebral\tcortex\nOverall\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\ngrowth,\tneurodevelopment\nZinc\nCofactor\tin\ten... | [
0.006686191074550152,
-0.11376985907554626,
0.009528129361569881,
-0.008815177716314793,
-0.1079927459359169,
0.05024730786681175,
0.04685382917523384,
0.023853125050663948,
0.022656641900539398,
0.09910198301076889,
0.11243250966072083,
-0.016451993957161903,
-0.02581467106938362,
0.06768... |
Zinc\nCofactor\tin\tenzymes\tmediating\tprotein\tand\tnucleic\nbiochemistry,\tgrowth,\tgene\texpression,\nneurotransmitters,\tespecially\taffecting\ncerebellum,\tlimbic\tsystem,\tcerebral\tcortex,\ntemporal\tlobe,\tfrontal\tlobe\nAttention,\tmotor\tdevelopment\ndelays,\tshort-term\tmemory,\nbrain\tgrowth\nIron\nMyelina... | [
-0.038321856409311295,
-0.06506682187318802,
-0.007395912427455187,
-0.0037466748617589474,
-0.05525914952158928,
0.04486749321222305,
0.046941373497247696,
0.02952559106051922,
-0.026573609560728073,
0.0967666283249855,
0.08924245089292526,
-0.06130201742053032,
0.024067774415016174,
0.01... |
brain\tgrowth\nIron\nMyelination,\tdendritogenesis,\tsynaptogenesis,\nneurotransmission,\tespecially\tin\tthe\thippocampus,\nstriatum,\tfrontal\tcortex\nGlobal\tintelligence,\tgeneral\nmotor\tdevelopment,\nneurodevelopment,\nattention,\tmemory,\nlanguage,\n\tauditory\nrecognition\nCholine\nMethylation,\tmyelin,\tneurot... | [
0.03423948958516121,
-0.10111799091100693,
0.009585799649357796,
-0.020590608939528465,
-0.08143887668848038,
0.03437582403421402,
0.024674417451024055,
0.02217750996351242,
-0.02282368391752243,
0.09184613078832626,
0.10857947915792465,
-0.011764404363930225,
-0.032724250108003616,
0.0149... |
Choline\nMethylation,\tmyelin,\tneurotransmitters,\tespecially\naffecting\thippocampus,\tseptum,\tstriatum,\tanterior\nneocortex,\tmidposterior\tneocortex\nVisual\tspatial\tand\tauditory\nmemory\tin\trodents\t(no\ninformation\tyet\tavailable\tfor\nhumans)\nCopper\nIron\ttransport,\tantioxidant\tactivity,\tneurotransmit... | [
0.024833250790834427,
-0.1311841458082199,
0.034721266478300095,
0.01165542658418417,
-0.10441531240940094,
0.007783348206430674,
0.054185930639505386,
0.059422947466373444,
-0.050383515655994415,
0.07023895531892776,
0.07780861109495163,
-0.012794602662324905,
-0.008547093719244003,
0.051... |
synthesis,\tneuronal\tand\tglial\tenergy\tmetabolism,\nespecially\taffecting\tcerebellum\nMotor\tcontrol,\tcognitive\nfunction\nIodine\nThyroid\tsynthesis,\tneuronal\tsynthesis,\tmyelination\nCognitive\tfunction\nVitamin\tA\nStructural\tdevelopment,\tantioxidant\nVisual\tfunction\nFolate\nOne-carbon\tmetabolism\nNeural... | [
-0.01588190719485283,
-0.10114620625972748,
0.010387057438492775,
-0.049719903618097305,
-0.07177902013063431,
0.06525677442550659,
0.027141818776726723,
0.05303867161273956,
-0.028573133051395416,
0.08456447720527649,
0.07091084867715836,
-0.057544298470020294,
-0.03520437702536583,
0.004... |
Visual\tfunction\nFolate\nOne-carbon\tmetabolism\nNeural\ttube\tdevelopment\nAdapted\tfrom\tMonk\tC\tet\tal:\tResearch\treview:\tmaternal\tprenatal\tdistress\tand\tpoor\tnutrition—mutually\tinfluencing\trisk\tfactors\taffecting\tinfant\nneurocognitive\tdevelopment,\n\t\nJ\tChild\tPsychol\tPsychiatry\n\t54:115,\t2013.\n... | [
0.010598929598927498,
-0.034593094140291214,
0.04512650519609451,
-0.005331320222467184,
-0.06748145818710327,
0.024529648944735527,
0.06004370003938675,
0.04675344005227089,
0.0077125453390181065,
0.05350509658455849,
0.10450779646635056,
-0.06711038947105408,
-0.011320818215608597,
0.016... |
54:115,\t2013.\nEffects\tof\tnutritional\tstatus\ton\tpregnancy\toutcome\nFetal\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\nIn\tthe\tearly\t1900s\tU.S.\twomen\twith\tpoor\tnutritional\tstatus\thad\tadverse\tpregnancy\toutcomes\twith\nhemorrhage\tat\tdelivery,\tprolonged\tlabor,\tand\tLBW\tinfants,\tconditions\tstill\tof\tconcern\ttoday... | [
0.02392633445560932,
0.009988818317651749,
0.040007174015045166,
0.0036125187762081623,
-0.07364021986722946,
0.02948008105158806,
0.030462268739938736,
0.06437018513679504,
-0.03367123380303383,
0.08296067267656326,
0.09286221116781235,
-0.03606612607836723,
-0.01622890494763851,
-0.02364... |
developing\tcountries.\tBecause\tof\tblockades\tduring\tWorld\tWar\tII,\tpreviously\n\twell-nourished\tDutch\npopulations\twere\texposed\tto\tsevere\tfood\trestrictions\tfor\t6\tmonths,\twith\tavailable\trations\tas\tlow\tas\n500\tkcals/day\t(\nLumey\tet\tal,\t2007\n).\tHigher\trates\tof\tmiscarriage\t(spontaneous\tabo... | [
-0.009072327055037022,
-0.04932710900902748,
0.009333825670182705,
0.007831049151718616,
-0.10412117093801498,
-0.026452327147126198,
0.015705637633800507,
0.050453025847673416,
-0.010771543718874454,
0.06237318366765976,
0.0674620121717453,
-0.015889087691903114,
0.0026562605053186417,
-0... |
).\tHigher\trates\tof\tmiscarriage\t(spontaneous\tabortion\t[SAB]),\nstillbirths,\tneonatal\tdeaths,\tand\tcongenital\tmalformations\twere\tnoted\tin\toffspring\tborn\tto\twomen\nwho\tconceived\tduring\tthe\tfamine.\tSurviving\tinfants\twere\tsmaller\tif\texposed\tto\tfamine\n\tlate\tin\ngestation\t(\nRoseboom\tet\tal,... | [
0.0005971547798253596,
-0.024616803973913193,
0.037559572607278824,
-0.014461078681051731,
-0.08652164041996002,
0.03984392061829567,
0.06319370120763779,
0.030565187335014343,
0.026930663734674454,
0.0910777598619461,
0.08545482158660889,
-0.02940107136964798,
0.027004079893231392,
-0.024... |
late\tin\ngestation\t(\nRoseboom\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tSimilar\tfindings\thave\tbeen\tfound\tin\tother\tcountries\tas\twell.\tIn\naddition,\tindividuals\tmay\tbe\tat\thigher\trisk\tof\tundernutrition\tbecause\tof\tpreexisting\tmedical\nconditions\tor\tbecause\tof\teither\tphysical\tor\tcultural\tlimitations\ton\tfood\tav... | [
0.026777192950248718,
-0.05866796150803566,
0.0693296492099762,
-0.014478188939392567,
-0.09095942229032516,
0.015094705857336521,
0.05929708853363991,
-0.018170420080423355,
0.004360857419669628,
0.0713450014591217,
0.1062234491109848,
-0.07247290760278702,
0.045244552195072174,
0.0254325... |
Even\tif\ta\tmother\tis\tnot\tstarving,\tthe\tdeveloping\tfetus\tmay\tbe\tunable\tto\tobtain\toptimal\tnutrients\nfrom\tsomeone\n\twho\tis\tcompromised\tnutritionally,\tresulting\tin\tgrowth\trestriction.\tThe\tcauses\tof\tIUGR\nare\tmany\tand\tinclude\tmaternal,\tfetal,\tand\tplacental\tfactors\t(\nBox\t14.2\n).\tInfa... | [
0.0354093536734581,
-0.0557045042514801,
0.0646907314658165,
0.010719464160501957,
-0.07237628102302551,
0.00477462075650692,
0.06666979938745499,
0.005578246898949146,
-0.03617225959897041,
0.11420511454343796,
0.12550832331180573,
-0.03349943086504936,
-0.005656384397298098,
0.0083873989... |
Box\t14.2\n).\tInfants\tborn\twith\tLBW\n(<2500\tg),\tespecially\tthose\twith\tvery\tLBW\t(<1500\tg),\tare\tat\thigher\trisk\tfor\t\nperinatal\tmortality\n(infant\tdeath\toccurring\tbetween\t28\tweeks\tof\tgestation\tand\t4\tweeks\tpostpartum).\tBabies\twho\tare\nborn\twith\tLBW\tmay\tsuffer\tfrom\n\tnecrotizing\tenter... | [
0.007439821492880583,
0.015515055507421494,
0.04525758698582649,
0.0233907550573349,
-0.05772269889712334,
-0.0018609173130244017,
0.03433392941951752,
0.038521233946084976,
-0.0870087668299675,
0.0776873305439949,
0.0847695842385292,
-0.025515936315059662,
0.01999867893755436,
0.026800336... |
necrotizing\tenterocolitis,\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome,\nintraventricular\themorrhage,\tcerebral\tpalsy,\tor\tretinopathy\tof\tprematurity\t(see\t\nChapter\t41\n).\nBOX\t14.2\nPotential\tCauses\tof\tIntrauterine\tGrowth\tRestriction\t(IUGR)\nMaternal\tfactors\nMedical\tconditions:\tchronic\thypertension,\tpreecla... | [
-0.01279407273977995,
-0.03231162577867508,
-0.016702651977539062,
0.01905127242207527,
-0.05652391165494919,
0.012167971581220627,
-0.0030222823843359947,
0.10210365802049637,
-0.07090672850608826,
0.09872062504291534,
0.10475516319274902,
-0.014297965914011002,
0.03747247904539108,
0.061... |
systemic\tlupus\terythematosus,\tchronic\tkidney\tdisease,\tinflammatory\n\tbowel\tdisease,\tsevere\nlung\tdisease,\tcancer,\thyperemesis\tgravidarum\nInfections:\tsyphilis,\ttoxoplasmosis,\tcytomegalovirus,\trubella,\thepatitis\tB,\therpes\tsimplex\tvirus\n1\tor\t2,\tHIV-1,\t\nHelicobacter\tpylori\n,\tmalaria | [
-0.034907203167676926,
-0.03855329006910324,
-0.03338402137160301,
-0.045485105365514755,
-0.03757033869624138,
0.014743790030479431,
-0.03843989223241806,
0.09851899743080139,
-0.05186903104186058,
0.09572893381118774,
0.026301948353648186,
0.0005737475585192442,
0.08068615943193436,
0.07... |
Malnutrition:\tlow\tprepregnant\tweight;\tsmall\tmaternal\tsize;\tpoor\tweight\tgain\t(especially\tin\tthe\nlast\thalf\tof\tpregnancy);\tobesity\t(especially\tif\tcombined\twith\tweight\tloss);\tnutrient\ndeficiencies,\n\tincluding\tprotein,\tvitamins\tA,\tB’s,\tC,\tfolic\tacid,\tzinc,\tcalcium,\tiron;\trecent | [
0.027437612414360046,
-0.01082545518875122,
0.010870265774428844,
0.051668159663677216,
-0.08419862389564514,
0.04368128627538681,
0.07462775707244873,
0.07089539617300034,
-0.05401773378252983,
-0.012559224851429462,
0.10311214625835419,
-0.04440436139702797,
0.02228066697716713,
-0.01712... |
history\tof\tpregnancy;\thigh\tparity;\tmultiple\tpregnancy;\thistory\tof\tIUGR;\tactive\teating\ndisorders\nSocial\tconditions:\tvery\tyoung\tage;\tpoverty;\tlack\tof\tfood\tbecause\tof\twar,\tfamine,\tnatural\ndisasters\t(earthquake,\ttsunami);\tphysical\tor\tmental\tabuse;\tsubstance\tabuse\t(cigarettes,\nalcohol,\t... | [
0.017024585977196693,
-0.004306257236748934,
0.03843875974416733,
-0.022567862644791603,
-0.022795209661126137,
0.020093586295843124,
0.04712462052702904,
0.016753315925598145,
-0.016913624480366707,
0.06694306433200836,
0.09935687482357025,
-0.05468150973320007,
0.05476762726902962,
-0.01... |
alcohol,\theroin,\tcocaine);\texposure\tto\tteratogens;\n\texposure\tto\ttherapeutic\tmedications\n(antimetabolites,\twarfarin,\tphenytoin)\nFetal\tfactors\nGenetic:\trace,\tethnicity,\tsex,\tgenetic\tdisorders\nParity:\tfirst\tbaby\toften\tweighs\tless\tthan\tsubsequent\tsiblings\nChromosomal\tanomalies:\tchromosomal\... | [
0.008072210475802422,
-0.05881447345018387,
0.026713266968727112,
0.010063271038234234,
-0.022286202758550644,
0.01297721266746521,
0.03884415328502655,
0.05969693884253502,
-0.02636350318789482,
0.0013848249800503254,
0.09716584533452988,
-0.06960834562778473,
-0.03820304200053215,
0.0399... |
Chromosomal\tanomalies:\tchromosomal\tdeletions;\ttrisomy\t13,\t18,\t21\nCongenital\tmalformations:\tanencephaly,\tgastrointestinal\tatresia,\tPotter\tsyndrome,\tpancreatic\nagenesis\nPlacental\tfactors\nPlacental\tinsufficiency:\treduced\tblood\tflow,\timpaired\ttransfer\tof\tnutrients | [
-0.02054763399064541,
-0.02397637441754341,
-0.014191134832799435,
-0.043711256235837936,
-0.1256096363067627,
0.00005381888695410453,
0.04672916606068611,
-0.007008582819253206,
-0.003028718288987875,
0.03472267463803291,
0.07917425036430359,
-0.08865715563297272,
-0.060271140187978745,
-... |
Anatomic\tproblems:\tmultiple\tinfarcts,\taberrant\tcord\tinsertions,\tumbilical\tvascular\tthrombosis\nand\themangiomas,\tpremature\tplacental\tseparation,\tsmall\tplacenta\nAdapted\tfrom\tAlisi\tA\tet\tal:\tIntrauterine\tgrowth\tretardation\tand\tnonalcoholic\tfatty\tliver\tdisease\tin\tchildren,\nInt\tJ\tEndocrinol\... | [
0.013068516738712788,
-0.05624036863446236,
0.017661772668361664,
0.009314796887338161,
-0.08995368331670761,
0.006832425948232412,
0.07885763049125671,
0.052726078778505325,
-0.03654823079705238,
0.08274050056934357,
0.09512277692556381,
-0.05965304747223854,
-0.047867562621831894,
0.0446... |
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