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themselves,\tbut\tthose\tconsidered\t“old”\tdepends\ta\tlot\ton\tone’s\nown\tage.\tToday\tgray\thair\tcolor,\twrinkles,\tretirement,\tor\tage\t65\tno\tlonger\tdefines\told.\tYet\tqualifying\nas\tan\t“older\tadult”\tis\tbased\ton\tthe\tminimum\teligibility\tage\tof\t65\tin\tmany\tfederal\tprograms.\tThe\tU.S. | [
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Census\tBureau\tuses\ta\tstratified\tsystem\tto\tdefine\tthis\tgeneration-spanning\tage\tgroup;\tthose\taged\t65\nto\t74\tare\tthe\tyoung\told;\t75\tto\t84,\n\told;\tand\t85\tor\tolder,\toldest\told.\tSome\tconsider\ttoday’s\tnew\told\tto\nbe\tthose\tin\ttheir\t90s.\tThe\tmore\tthan\t100,000\tcentenarians\talive\ttoday... | [
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unique,\tand\tmany\tof\tthem\tstill\tlive\tindependently\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tCentenarians...\tLife\tin\tthe\tBlue\nZone\n).\nGerontology,\tgeriatrics,\tand\tthe\tspectrum\tof\taging\nGerontology\n\tis\tthe\tstudy\tof\tnormal\taging,\tincluding\tfactors\tin\tbiology,\tpsychology,\n\tand\tsociology.\nGeriatrics | [
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and\tsociology.\nGeriatrics\n\tis\tthe\tstudy\tof\tthe\tchronic\tdiseases\tfrequently\tassociated\twith\taging,\tincluding\tdiagnosis\nand\ttreatment.\tAlthough\tmedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tcommonly\thas\tbeen\tpracticed\tin\thospitals\tand\nlong-term\tcare\tfacilities,\tnutrition\tservices\thave\tmoved\tout\tof\thosp... | [
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communities\twhere\tthe\tfocus\tis\ton\thealth\tpromotion,\trisk\treduction,\tand\tdisease\tprevention.\nNutrition\tin\thealth\tpromotion\tand\tdisease\tprevention\nIn\taging\tadults,\tnutrition\tcare\tis\tnot\tlimited\tto\tdisease\tmanagement\tor\tmedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tbut\nhas\tbroadened\tto\thave\ta\tstronger... | [
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increased\temphasis\ton\tbetter\tdiets\tand\tmore\tphysical\tactivity\tat\tall\tages,\thealth\tcare\texpenditures\nwill\trise\texorbitantly\tas\tthe\tpopulation\tages.\n\tIt\tis\tnever\ttoo\tlate\tto\temphasize\tnutrition\tfor\thealth\npromotion\tand\tdisease\tprevention.\tOlder\tAmericans,\tmore\tthan\tany\tother\tage... | [
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and\tnutrition\tinformation\tand\tare\twilling\tto\tmake\tchanges\tto\tmaintain\ttheir\tindependence\tand\nquality\tof\tlife.\tThey\toften\tneed\thelp\tin\timproving\tself-care\tbehaviors\tand\tthey\twant\tto\tknow\thow\tto\neat\thealthier,\texercise\tsafely,\tand\tstay\tmotivated.\nNutrition\tmay\tinclude\tthree\ttype... | [
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0.036268316209316254,
-0.00686... |
nutrition\tin\thealth\tpromotion\tand\tdisease\tprevention.\tPairing\thealthy\teating\twith\tphysical\tactivity\tis\nequally\timportant. | [
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Secondary\tprevention\tinvolves\trisk\treduction\tand\tslowing\tthe\tprogression\tof\tchronic\tnutrition-\nrelated\tdiseases\tto\tmaintain\tfunctionality\tand\tquality\tof\tlife.\tFunctionality\tas\n\trelated\tto\tstrength\tand\nmobility\tis\tperceived\tas\ta\tpositive\tway\tto\tdiscuss\tfitness\tversus\tdisability\tan... | [
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Focus\tOn\nCentenarians...\tLife\tin\tthe\tBlue\tZone\nCentenarians\tare\ta\tgrowing\tsegment\tof\tolder\tadults\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tand\tin\tother\tdeveloped\nnations,\tincluding\tJapan.\tThe\tworldwide\testimate\tof\tcentenarians\n\tis\t450,000.\tThe\tU.S.\tCensus\nBureau\testimated\tfor\t2009\tthere\twere\tabo... | [
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than\t1\tmillion\tby\t2050.\tAs\twith\tthe\taging\tpopulation\tas\ta\twhole,\twomen\trepresent\t85%\tof\tthe\nlong\tlived.\tA\tnew\tgroup\tof\tindividuals\tolder\tthan\tage\t110,\tsupercentenarians,\thave\tsufficient\nnumbers\tto\tmerit\tdedicated\tresearch.\nWhat\tis\tknown\tabout\textremely\tlong-lived\tindividuals?\... | [
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Centenarians\tgenerally\thave\tdelays\tin\nfunctional\tdecline.\tThey\talso\ttend\tto\teither\tnever\tdevelop\ta\tchronic\tdisease\tor\tdevelop\tone\tlate\tin\nlife.\tMuch\thas\tbeen\twritten\tabout\tlongevity\tin\tthe\tsouthern\tJapanese\tof\tOkinawa.\tThe\tongoing\nOkinawa\tCentenarian\tStudy\tsuggests\tthat\tlow\tca... | [
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radicals.\tThis\tintake\tplus\tan\tactive\tlifestyle,\tnatural\tability\tto\tcombat\n\tthe\tstresses\tof\tlife,\tand\ta\ngenetic\tpredisposition\tfavor\ta\thealthy,\tfunctional,\tlonger\tlife.\nThe\tNational\tInstitute\ton\tAging\thas\tidentified\tcommunities\taround\tthe\tworld\twhere\tpeople\tare | [
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living\tlonger\tand\tliving\tmeasurably\tbetter.\tThey\tcalled\tthese\tareas,\twhere\tpeople\treach\tthe\tage\tof\n100\tat\trates\t10\ttimes\tgreater\tthan\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates,\tthe\t\nBlue\tZones\n.\tOne\tsuch\tcommunity\tis\nOkinawa.\tOthers\n\tinclude\tthe\tNicoya\tPeninsula\tin\tCosta\tRica,\tIkaria\tin\tGreec... | [
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Italy.\tOnly\tone\tBlue\tZone\texists\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates,\tthe\tLoma\tLinda\tcommunity\tin\tCalifornia.\nResidents\tof\tLoma\tLinda\tboast\tthe\tlongest\tlife\tspans\tin\tAmerica,\tliving\ton\taverage\ta\tdecade\nlonger\tthan\tother\tAmericans.\tThese\tBlue\tZone\tgroups\thave\tbeen\tfound\tto\thave\tcommon\nchar... | [
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0.04... |
characteristics\trelated\tto\tfood:\tvery\tlittle\tanimal\n\tprotein\tand\tfour\tto\tsix\tservings\tof\tfruits,\nvegetables,\tlegumes,\tand\tnuts.\tHowever,\teating\twisely\tis\tonly\tpart\tof\twhat\tseems\tto\tbe\ta\nprescription\tfor\tlong\tlife.\tThe\tpeople\tof\tthese\tcommunities\tdon’t\tsmoke\tand\tmake\tregular\... | [
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intensity\texercise\tpart\tof\ttheir\tdaily\troutine\t(e.g.,\tgardening,\twalking).\tThey\tare\tpeople\twho\tcan\narticulate\ttheir\tpurpose\tin\tlife,\tare\tspiritually\tfulfilled,\tand\thave\tstrong\n\tsocial\tnetworks.\nIn\tthe\tNew\tEngland\tCentenarian\tStudy,\tindependent\tfunction\tto\tat\tleast\tage\t90\twas\ti... | [
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as\ta\tpredominant\tfeature\tof\tthose\twho\tlive\tto\t100\tor\tmore.\tOther\timportant\tfactors\tare\tthat\tfew\ncentenarians\tare\tobese,\tthey\trarely\tsmoke,\tand\twhile\talcohol\tis\tpart\tof\tthe\ttraditional\tdiet\tin\tall\nbut\tthe\tLoma\tLinda\tgroup,\tit\tis\tconsumed\tin\tmoderation\tor\tnot\tat\tall.\tAt\tl... | [
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have\tfirst-degree\trelatives\tor\tgrandparents\twho\talso\tachieved\tvery\told\tage,\tand\tmany\thave\nexceptionally\told\tsiblings\t(\nBuettner\tand\tSkemp,\t2016\n).\nIn\ttertiary\tprevention,\tcare/case\tmanagement\tand\tdischarge\tplanning\toften\tinvolve\tchewing\tand\nappetite\tproblems,\tmodified\tdiets,\tand\t... | [
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nutrition\tissues\tthat\tmust\tbe\taddressed;\tcare\tmanagers\n\tcan\tbenefit\tfrom\tconsulting\twith\tdietitians.\nIn\tsome\tcircumstances\tdietitians\tare\tthe\tcase\tmanagers.\nTheories\ton\taging\nGerontologists\tstudy\taging\tand\thave\tdiverse\ttheories\tabout\twhy\tthe\tbody\tages.\tNo\tsingle\ttheory\tcan\nfull... | [
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fully\texplain\tthe\tcomplex\tprocesses\tof\taging\t(\nPark\tand\tFestini,\t2017\n).\tA\tgood\ttheory\tintegrates\nknowledge\tand\ttells\thow\tand\twhy\tphenomena\tare\trelated.\tBroadly,\ttheories\tcan\tbe\n\tgrouped\tinto\ttwo\ncategories:\tpredetermined\t(genetic)\tand\taccumulated\tdamage.\tA\tloss\tof\tefficiency\... | [
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some\tcells\twear\tout,\tdie,\tor\tare\tnot\treplaced.\tIdentification\tof\tthe\tmechanisms\tthat\taffect\taging\ncould\tlead\tto\tinterventions\tthat\tslow\tor\talter\taging.\tMost\tlikely\tseveral\ttheories\texplain\tthe\nheterogeneity\tin\tolder\tpopulations\t(\nTable\t19.1\n). | [
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TABLE\t19.1\nPredetermination\tand\tAccumulated\n\tDamage\tTheories\ton\tAging\nTheory\nDescription\nPredetermination:\n\tBuilt-in\tmechanism\tdetermines\twhen\taging\tbegins\tand\ttime\tof\tdeath\nPacemaker\ttheory\n“Biologic\tclock”\tis\tset\tat\tbirth,\truns\tfor\ta\tspecified\ttime,\twinds\tdown\twith\naging,\tand\... | [
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0.10919003933668137,
0.07475348562002182,
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0.06354823708534241,
0.05654... |
Genetic\ttheory\nLife\tspan\tis\tdetermined\tby\theredity.\nRate\tof\tliving\ttheory\nEach\tliving\tcreature\thas\ta\tfinite\tamount\tof\ta\t“vital\tsubstance,”\tand,\twhen\tit\tis\nexhausted,\n\tthe\tresult\tis\taging\tand\tdeath.\nOxygen\tmetabolism\ntheory\nAnimals\twith\tthe\thighest\tmetabolisms\tare\tlikely\tto\t... | [
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0.01... |
Immune\tsystem\ttheory\nCells\tundergo\ta\tfinite\tnumber\tof\tcell\tdivisions\tthat\teventually\tcause\nderegulation\tof\timmune\tfunction,\texcessive\tinflammation,\taging,\tand\tdeath.\nAccumulated\tdamage:\n\tSystemic\tbreakdown\tover\ttime\nCrosslink/glycosylation\ntheory\nWith\n\ttime,\tproteins,\tDNA\tand\tother... | [
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time,\tproteins,\tDNA\tand\tother\tstructural\tmolecules\tin\tthe\tbody\tmake\ninappropriate\tattachments,\tor\tcrosslinks,\tto\teach\tother,\tleading\tto\tdecreased\nmobility,\telasticity,\tand\tcell\tpermeability.\nWear-and-tear\ttheory\nYears\tof\tdamage\tto\tcells,\ttissues,\tand\torgans\teventually\ttake\ttheir\tt... | [
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them\tout\tand\tultimately\tcausing\tdeath.\nFree\tradical\ttheory\nAccumulated,\trandom\tdamage\tcaused\tby\toxygen\n\tradicals\tslowly\tcauses\tcells,\ntissues,\tand\torgans\tto\tstop\tfunctioning.\nSomatic\tmutation\ttheory\nGenetic\tmutations\tcaused\tby\toxidizing\tradiation\tand\tother\tfactors\taccumulate\nwith\... | [
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0.00... |
Telomere\tlength\nTelomeres\tprotect\tand\tcap\tlinear\tchromosome\tends.\tShort\ttelomeres\thave\tbeen\nassociated\twith\tmany\tage-related\tconditions.\nDNA\n;\tDeoxyribonucleic\n\tacid.\nPhysiologic\tchanges\nAging\tis\ta\tnormal\tbiologic\tprocess.\tHowever,\tit\tinvolves\tsome\tdecline\tin\tphysiologic\tfunction.\... | [
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0.01075... |
change\twith\tage.\tThe\trates\tof\tchange\tdiffer\tamong\tindividuals\tand\twithin\torgan\tsystems.\tIt\tis\nimportant\tto\tdistinguish\tbetween\tnormal\tchanges\tof\taging\tand\tchanges\tcaused\tby\tchronic\tdiseases\nlike\theart\tdisease,\tdiabetes,\tand\tarthritis.\nThe\thuman\tgrowth\tperiod\tdraws\n\tto\ta\tclose... | [
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0.11385980248451233,
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0.027898292988538742,
-... |
to\ta\tclose\tat\tabout\tage\t30,\twhen\tsenescence\tbegins.\t\nSenescence\nis\tthe\torganic\tprocess\tof\tgrowing\tolder\tand\tdisplaying\tthe\teffects\tof\tincreased\tage.\tDisease\tand\nimpaired\tfunction\tare\tnot\tinevitable\tparts\tof\taging.\tNevertheless,\tcertain\tsystemic\tchanges\toccur\tas | [
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0.02234990... |
part\tof\tgrowing\tolder.\tThese\tchanges\tresult\tin\tvarying\tdegrees\tof\tefficiency\tand\tfunctional\tdecline.\nFactors\tsuch\tas\tgenetics,\tillnesses,\n\tsocioeconomics,\tand\tlifestyle\tdetermine\thow\taging\tprogresses\tfor\neach\tperson.\tIndeed,\tone’s\toutward\texpression\tof\tage\tmay\tor\tmay\tnot\treflect... | [
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0.00258090... |
and\tageist\tstereotypes\tshould\tbe\teliminated.\tThe\toldest\twoman\tto\thave\tfinished\ta\tmarathon\twas\nGladys\tBurrill\tin\t2012\twho\twas\t93—and\tshe\tdidn’t\tstart\trunning\tmarathons\tuntil\ther\tmid-80s.\tJaring\nTimmerman\tbegan\tcompetitive\tswimming\tat\n\t79\tand\tbroke\trecords\tin\t2014\tat\tage\t104.\... | [
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0.0... |
79\tand\tbroke\trecords\tin\t2014\tat\tage\t104.\nBody\tcomposition\nBody\tcomposition\tchanges\twith\taging.\tFat\tmass,\tvisceral\tfat,\tand\tintermuscular\tfat\tincrease,\nwhereas\tlean\tmuscle\tmass\tdecreases\t(\nSantanasto\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\t\nSarcopenia\n\tis\tdefined\tas\tage-related | [
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Santanasto\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\t\nSarcopenia\n\tis\tdefined\tas\tage-related\nloss\tof\tskeletal\tmuscle\tfunction\tand\tmuscle\tmass.\tIt\tis\tknown\tto\tincrease\trisk\tfor\tfalls\tand\tdecrease\nquality\tof\tlife.\tInternational\tclinical\tguidelines\n\ton\tthe\tdiagnosis\tand\tmanagement\tof\tsarcopenia\twere\nrecen... | [
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0.006... |
recently\tpublished\t(\nDent\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tIncluded\tis\ta\tmeasurement\ttool\tthat\twould\tstandardize\ndiagnosis\tof\tsarcopenia,\tsomething\tthat\thas\tthus\tfar\tnot\tbeen\tagreed\ton.\tAlso\tincluded\tis\ta\nrecommendation\tfor\trapid\tscreening\tusing\tgait\tspeed.\tTreatment\trecommendations\tfor\tsarcopen... | [
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0.029831713065505028,
0.06409354507923126,
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0.022820603102445602,
0... |
include\tthe\tprescription\tof\tresistance-based\tphysical\tactivity,\tand\n\ta\tconditional\trecommendation\tfor\nprotein\tsupplementation/a\tprotein-rich\tdiet.\tThe\tproposed\tterm\t“skeletal\tmuscle\tfunction\tdeficit”\nbest\tdescribes\tthe\tvariety\tof\tmuscular\tconditions\tthat\tcontribute\tto\tclinically\tmeani... | [
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0.08064645528793335,
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0.034746598452329636,
0.04482... |
impairment\t(\nCorrea-de-Araujo\tand\tHadley,\t2014\n).\tAll\tlosses\tare\timportant\tbecause\tof\tthe\tclose\nconnection\tbetween\tmuscle\tmass\tand\tstrength.\tBy\tthe\tfourth\tdecade\tof\tlife,\n\tevidence\tof\tsarcopenia\nis\tdetectable,\tand\tthe\tprocess\taccelerates\tafter\tapproximately\tage\t75.\tPrevention\ts... | [
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0.04352574050426483,
0.07555348426103592,
0.004524025600403547,
0.003219679929316044,
0.053020... |
emphasis\tbecause\tof\tthe\tstrong\trelationships\tof\tsarcopenia\tto\tfunctional\tdecline,\tdisability,\nhospitalization,\tinstitutionalization,\tand\tmortality\t(\nLitchford,\t2014\n).\nSarcopenic\tobesity\n\tis\tthe\tloss\tof\tlean\tmuscle\tmass\tin\tolder\tpersons\twith\texcess\tadipose\ttissue.\nTogether | [
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0.03... |
Together\n\tthe\texcess\tweight\tand\tdecreased\tmuscle\tmass\texponentially\tcompound\tto\tfurther\tdecrease\nphysical\tactivity,\twhich\tin\tturn\taccelerates\tsarcopenia.\tAn\textremely\tsedentary\tlifestyle\tin\tobese\npersons\tis\ta\tmajor\tdetractor\tfrom\tquality\tof\tlife.\nSedentary\tlifestyle\tchoices\tcan\tl... | [
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0.05381564795970917,
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sedentary\tdeath\tsyndrome\t(SeDS)\n,\ta\tphrase\tcoined\tby\nthe\tPresident’s\tCouncil\ton\tSports,\tFitness,\tand\tNutrition.\tIt\tdescribes\n\tthe\tlife-threatening\thealth\nproblems\tcaused\tby\ta\tsedentary\tlifestyle.\tSedentary\tlifestyle\tcan\tbe\tdefined\tas\ta\tlevel\tof\tinactivity | [
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0.04985380545258522,
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0.06022948771715164,
-0... |
below\tthe\tthreshold\tof\tthe\tbeneficial\thealth\teffects\tof\tregular\tphysical\tactivity\tor,\tmore\tsimply, | [
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0.05212538316845894,
0.07801108807325363,
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0.0004617160593625158,
0.02... |
burning\tfewer\tthan\t200\tcalories\tin\tphysical\tactivity\tper\tday.\nAlthough\tno\tamount\tof\tphysical\tactivity\tcan\tstop\tthe\tbiological\taging\tprocess,\tthere\tis\tevidence\nthat\texercise\n\tcan\tminimize\tthe\tphysiologic\teffects\tof\ta\tsedentary\tlifestyle\tand\tincrease\tthe\ttime\ta | [
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0.08220607787370682,
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0.033... |
person\tremains\tactive\tby\tlimiting\tthe\tdevelopment\tand\tprogression\tof\tchronic\tdisease.\tThere\tis\nemerging\tevidence\tthat\tsuggests\tboth\tpsychological\tand\tcognitive\tbenefits\tfrom\tregular\texercise\tin\nolder\tadults.\tAccording\tto\tthe\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tSports\tMedicine,\tthe\texercise\tprescr... | [
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0.1058569997549057,
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0.03600... |
older\tadults\tshould\n\tinclude\taerobic\texercise,\tmuscle\tstrengthening\texercise,\tand\tflexibility\texercise.\nThe\tCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\t(CDC)\tquantifies\tthe\tamount\tof\texercise\tolder\tadults\nneed\tand\tthe\tNational\tInstitute\ton\tAging\t(NIA)\thas\ta\tguide\tfor\tphysical\tact... | [
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0.026303524151444435,
0.0882977843284607,
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0.022891955450177193,
0.0... |
CDC,\t2013\n;\t\nNIA,\n2010\n).\nA\tsummary\tof\tthe\tWorld\tHealth\tOrganization\t(WHO)\trecommendations\tfor\texercise\tfor\tpeople\tage\n65\tyears\tand\tolder\n\t(\nTaylor,\t2014\n)\tare\tas\tfollows:\n1.\t\nAt\tleast\t150\tmin\tof\tmoderate-intensity\taerobic\tactivity\tper\tweek,\tor\tat\tleast\t75\tmin\tof\nvigor... | [
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0.08843908458948135,
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0.04748046025633812,
0.08641970902681351,
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0.017918748781085014,
0.0702... |
vigorous-intensity\taerobic\tactivity\tor\tan\tequivalent\tcombination.\n2.\t\nAerobic\tactivity\tshould\tbe\tperformed\tin\tbouts\tof\tat\tleast\t10\tmin\tduration.\n3.\t\nFor\tadditional\thealth\tbenefits,\tundertake\tup\tto\t300\tmin\tof\tmoderate-intensity\tor\t150\tmin\tof\nvigorous-intensity\taerobic\tactivity\n\... | [
0.0038933721370995045,
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0.05363316461443901,
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0.0837... |
or\tan\tequivalent\tcombination\tper\tweek.\n4.\t\nPeople\twith\tpoor\tmobility\tshould\tdo\tbalance\texercises\tto\tprevent\tfalls\ton\t3\tor\tmore\tdays.\n5.\t\nMuscle-strengthening\tactivities\tshould\tbe\tdone\ton\t2\tor\tmore\tdays.\n6.\t\nIf\tolder\tadults\tare\tunable\tto\tdo\tthe\trecommended\tamounts\tof\tphys... | [
-0.026789866387844086,
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0.058774009346961975,
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0.041465867310762405,
... |
conditions,\tthey\tshould\tbe\tas\tphysically\tactive\tas\tthey\tare\table.\nTaste\tand\tsmell\nSensory\tlosses\n\taffect\tpeople\tto\tvarying\tdegrees,\tat\tvarying\trates,\tand\tat\tdifferent\tages.\tGenetics,\nenvironment,\tand\tlifestyle\tare\tpart\tof\tthe\tdecline\tin\tsensory\tcompetence.\tAge-related\talteratio... | [
0.027591979131102562,
0.0012003934243693948,
0.044563282281160355,
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0.10207761079072952,
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0.05100930109620094,
0.011475... |
the\tsense\tof\ttaste,\tsmell,\tand\ttouch\tcan\tlead\tto\tpoor\tappetite,\tlimited\tfood\tchoices,\tand\tlower\nnutrient\tintake.\tSome\t\ndysgeusia\n\t(altered\ttaste),\tloss\tof\ttaste,\tor\t\nhyposmia\n\t(decreased\tsense\tof\nsmell)\tare\tattributable\n\tto\taging.\tThinning\tof\tepithelium\tand\tdecline\tin\tthe\... | [
-0.024071797728538513,
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0.033091988414525986,
0.025148484855890274,
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0.08073848485946655,
0.06751536577939987,
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0.05123347416520119,
0.10113825649023056,
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0.06522125005722046,
0.0227... |
receptor\tcells\tleads\tto\tdysfunction\t(\nSchiffman,\t2009\n).\tMedications\tmay\tplay\tas\tbig\ta\trole\tas\taging\tin\nthis\tpopulation.\tOther\tcauses\tinclude\tconditions\tsuch\tas\tBell’s\tpalsy,\thead\tinjury,\tdiabetes,\tliver\tor\nkidney\tdisease,\thypertension,\tneurologic\tconditions\tincluding\tAlzheimer’s... | [
0.006064864806830883,
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0.001956991385668516,
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0.030203811824321747,
0.09721585363149643,
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0.02186455763876438,
0.07540088891983032,
0.10701630264520645,
-0.014183140359818935,
0.024286286905407906,
0.055380... |
disease,\tand\tzinc\n\tor\tniacin\tdeficiency.\tUntreated\tmouth\tsores,\ttooth\tdecay,\tpoor\tdental\tor\tnasal\nhygiene,\tand\tcigarette\tsmoking\talso\tcan\tdecrease\tthese\tsenses.\nBecause\ttaste\tand\tsmell\tsensation\tthresholds\tare\thigher,\tolder\tadults\tmay\tbe\ttempted\tto\noverseason\tfoods,\tespecially\t... | [
-0.020286111161112785,
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0.0585712194442749,
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0.002540913410484791,
0.10254903882741928,
0.022546201944351196,
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0.058395855128765106,
0.12091681361198425,
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0.042436618357896805,
0.00461... |
adults.\tBecause\ttaste\tand\tsmell\tstimulate\tmetabolic\tchanges\tsuch\tas\tsalivary,\n\tgastric\tacid,\tand\npancreatic\tsecretions\tand\tincreases\tin\tplasma\tlevels\tof\tinsulin,\tdecreased\tsensory\tstimulation\tmay\nimpair\tthese\tmetabolic\tprocesses\tas\twell.\nHearing\tand\teyesight | [
0.05285511165857315,
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0.045598890632390976,
0.03808652237057686,
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0.06697100400924683,
0.09989430755376816,
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0.026... |
impair\tthese\tmetabolic\tprocesses\tas\twell.\nHearing\tand\teyesight\nWhile\thearing\tloss\tis\tnot\tthe\tonly\tcondition\tthat\timpedes\ta\tcaregiver’s\tability\tto\tcommunicate\twith\ntheir\tpatients,\tthere\tis\tno\tquestion\tthat\tthe\tcommunication\tbarriers\tit\timposes\tare\tamong\tthe\tmost\nimpactful.\tFor | [
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impactful.\tFor\n\tmillions\tof\tolder\tAmericans,\tmany\tof\twhom\tare\tamong\tthe\toldest-old,\thearing\tloss\nstrips\taway\tthe\topportunity\tfor\tclinicians\tand\tcaregivers\tto\tshare\tinformation\tsimply\tby\tspeaking.\tAs\nhearing\tworsens,\tthe\texchange\tand\tflow\tof\tinformation\tslows\tto\ta\ttrickle,\tand\... | [
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0.0161286... |
discussion\tsimply\tstop.\tThe\tconsequences\tare\tknown\tto\tbe\tbroadly\tnegative\tfor\tpatients\tand\ncaregivers\talike.\nThe\t\nWHO\t(March\t2018)\n\thas\testimated\tthat\t360\tmillion\tpeople\tworldwide\thave\thearing\tloss\tthat\tis\nmoderate\tor\thigher\tin\tseverity\t(what\tthe\tWHO\trefers\tto\tas\t“disabling”... | [
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0.018622... |
States,\tan\testimated\t40\tmillion\tpeople\t(\nLin\tet\tal,\t2011\n)\thave\tbilateral\thearing\tloss\tthat\tis\tsevere\nenough\tto\tconstantly\tinhibit\tconversation.\tHearing\tloss\tis\texceedingly\tmore\tprevalent\tamong\tthe\nelderly.\tThere\tis\twidespread\n\tconsensus\tthe\tprevalence\twill\tincrease\tas\tthe\tpo... | [
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common\tcause\tis\tthe\taging\tprocess.\tSo-called\tage-related\tloss\taffects\tboth\tears\tequally,\tincreases\tin\nseverity\tover\ttime,\tand\tis\tnot\tpreventable.\tOther\tcauses\tinclude\tloud\tnoise\t(noise-induced\thearing\nloss),\tdrug-induced\tloss\t(there\tare\ta\tnumber\tof\tototoxic\tmedications),\thearing\t... | [
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hereditary\troots,\tand\tloss\tthat\n\tis\tdisease\tand\tillness-related\t(\nNational\tInstitute\ton\tDeafness\tand\nOther\tCommunicative\tDisorders,\tNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth,\t2013a\n).\nLevels\tof\tseverity.\nHearing\tloss\tis\ttypically\tdefined\tusing\tone\tof\tfour\tlevels\tof\tseverity.\tIndividuals\twit... | [
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0.03371... |
difficulty\thearing\tnormal\tconversation,\tespecially\tin\tenvironments\twith\tbackground\tnoise.\tAs\tthe\nhearing\tloss\tprogresses\tto\tthe\tmoderate\n\tlevel,\tspeech-sounds\tare\tincreasingly\tdifficult\tto\thear\twith\nany\tclarity.\tIn\tthe\tabsence\tof\thearing\taids,\twords\thave\tto\tbe\tspoken\tin\ta\traise... | [
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0.04209... |
distance\tto\tbe\theard.\tFor\tthose\twith\tsevere\thearing\tloss,\tspeech\tbecomes\tlargely\tunintelligible\tand\neven\tthe\tmost\tsophisticated\thearing\taids\tgrow\tineffective.\tThose\twho\thave\tprofound\tloss\tare\nfunctionally\tdeaf\tand\trely\tmainly\ton\tsign\n\tlanguage\tand\tlip\treading\tto\tconverse\twith\... | [
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0.... |
language\tand\tlip\treading\tto\tconverse\twith\tothers.\tAs\ta\ncondition\tthat\ttypically\tworsens\twith\tage,\tthe\thigher\tlevels\tof\tloss\tare\tmore\tprevalent\tamong\tthose\nwho\thave\treached\ttheir\t70s\tor\t80s.\nImpact.\nThere\tis\tsubstantial\tevidence\tthat\thigher\tlevels\tof\thearing\tloss\thave\ta\tbroa... | [
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0.035597... |
the\tindividual’s\tphysical\tand\tcognitive\tfunctioning,\tpsychological\thealth,\tself-esteem,\tand\n\toverall\nsatisfaction\twith\ttheir\tquality\tof\tlife.\tRecent\tresearch\thas\tshown\tan\tassociation\tbetween\thearing\tloss | [
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and\ta\tdecline\tin\tboth\tcognitive\tand\tphysical\tfunctioning.\tA\tstudy\tat\tJohns\tHopkins\tUniversity\t(\nChien\nand\tLin,\t2012\n)\tfound\tthat\tolder\tadults\twith\thearing\tloss\texperience\ta\trate\tof\tdecline\tin\tthinking\tand\nin\tmemory\tthat\tis\t30%\tto\t40%\tfaster\tthan\tamong\tthose\twith\tnormal\th... | [
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0.03509... |
have\nshown\tthat\thearing\tloss\tis\tassociated\twith\tdementia,\tphysical\tdecline,\tand\tan\tincreased\tfrequency\tof\nfalls.\tStudies\treporting\ton\tthe\talienating\teffects\tof\thearing\tloss\thave\tfound\tthat\tit\tis\ta\tsource\tof\nloneliness,\tisolation,\tdepression,\tanxiety,\tand\tparanoia,\tand\tthat\tit\t... | [
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0.011367556... |
satisfaction\twith\tfamily\tlife.\tHearing\tloss\tcauses\tthe\tindividual\tto\tfeel\tembarrassed,\tupset,\n\tlonely,\nand\twithdrawn;\tand\tthey\tmay\tappear\tconfused,\tuncaring,\tand\tdifficult.\tStudies\thave\tshown\tthat\nhearing\tloss\tcauses\tfeelings\tof\tdependence,\tfrustration,\tand\tguilt,\tthat\tit\tinduces... | [
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include\tbluffing\tand\tbeing\tdemanding,\tand\tthat\tit\toften\tresults\tin\tdecreased\tself-esteem\t(\nCiorba,\n2012\n).\nHearing\tloss\tby\tgender.\nResearchers\tat\tJohns\tHopkins\thave\treported\tthat\tthe\tprevalence\n\tof\thearing\tloss\tis\tsignificantly\nhigher\tamong\tmales.\tHowever,\twhile\tthe\tprevalence\... | [
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-0.0351... |
younger\tage\tgroups,\tit\tdiminishes\tas\tage\tincreases.\tIn\tall,\tmales\taccount\tfor\t70%\tof\tthose\twith\nhearing\tloss\tbetween\tthe\tages\tof\t30\tand\t69,\tbut\tonly\t51%\tamong\tthose\tin\ttheir\t70s,\tand\tonly\t38%\namong\tthose\tover\tthe\tage\tof\t80.\nTreatment.\nApart\tfrom\tsurgical\timplants\tin\tthe... | [
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0.00450... |
But\twhile\tthe\ttechnology\thas\tadvanced\tsignificantly\tin\trecent\tyears,\tadoption\tand\tuse\tremains\nextremely\tlow.\nBox\t19.1\n\tillustrates\thow\tspeech\tis\tdistorted\tby\thearing\tloss,\tin\tthis\tcase\tthe\tloss\tthat\toccurs\t(and\nworsens)\tas\twe\tage\t(Presbycusis).\nBOX\t19.1\nMissing\tSounds\tby\tHea... | [
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0.0036408... |
Loss\tSeverity\nLevel\tof\nHearing\nLoss\nSpoken\tSentence\nMissing\nSounds\nNormal\nHearing\nI\tam\tyour\tdietitian\tand\tI\twill\tbe\thelping\tyou\tmanage\tyour\tcongestive\nheart\tfailure\twith\tsmall,\tmanageable\tdietary\tchanges.\nMild\nI\tam\tyour\tdietitian\tand\tI\twill\tbe\thelping\tyou\tmanage\tyour\tconge\t... | [
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0.07006964087486267,
0.014490930... |
heart\tailure\twi\tmall,\tmanageable\tdietary\tchange\nK,\tf,\ts,\tth\nModerate\nI\tam\tyour\tdietitian\tand\tI\twill\tbe\n\tel\ting\tyou\tmana\te\tyour\tcon\te\ttive\teart\nailure\twi\tmall,\tmana\teable\tdietary\tane\nAbove\tplus\tch,\np,\th,\tg,\tsh\nSevere\nm\ty\tu\td\tet\tt\tn\tnd\tw\te\te\tn\ty\tu\tm\tn\te\ty\tu\... | [
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0.08657733350992203,
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0.043096818029880524,
0.034528... |
y\tne\nAbove\tplus\ti,\no,\ta,\tr,\tb,\tl,\nv\nHearing\tloss\tcan\tbe\tdifficult\tto\tspot.\nIt\tis\teasy\tto\timagine\tthat\ta\tpatient’s\thearing\tloss\tis\teasy\tto\tidentify\tand\tdetect.\tAs\tit\tturns\tout,\tthat\tis\noften\tnot\n\tthe\tcase.\tIt\tis\tnot\tuncommon,\tfor\tinstance,\tfor\tpatients\tto\thide\ttheir... | [
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0.... |
engaging\tin\ta\tnumber\tof\t“bluffing”\tbehaviors\tthat\tcan\tgive\tcaregivers\ta\tfalse\tsense\tof\thaving\ncommunicated\teffectively. | [
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0.07666237... |
If\ta\tpatient\thas\thearing\tloss,\tthe\tcaregiver’s\t“speaking\tbehaviors”\tcan\thelp.\tWhen\tworking\twith\tan\nelderly\tpatient\tpopulation,\tthe\tchances\tare\tvery\thigh\tof\tencountering\tpatients\twith\tvarying\n\tlevels\tof\nhearing\tloss.\tOne\tof\tthe\tfindings\tof\tthe\tNational\tCouncil\ton\tDisability\twa... | [
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0.041577... |
caregivers\tdo\tnot\thave\ta\tpractical\tunderstanding\tof\thow\tto\tcommunicate\teffectively\twith\tpatients\nwho\thave\thearing\tloss,\tand\tthey\toften\tdo\tnot\tappreciate\tthe\tmedical\tnecessity\tof\temploying\nappropriate\tmethods\tof\tcommunication\tto\tensure\tthe\teffectiveness\tof\ttheir\tcare.\nIn\tall\tcas... | [
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0.03812712803483009,
0.020634... |
In\tall\tcases,\tit\n\tis\timportant\tto\tkeep\tin\tmind\tthat\tcorrect\tspeaking\tbehaviors\tshould\tbe\temployed\nregardless\tof\twhether\tthe\tpatient\tis\tusing\ta\thearing\taid\tor\tan\tassistive\tlistening\tdevice.\nKEY\tSPEAKING\tBEHAVIORS\n•\t\nStand\tin\tfront\tof\tthe\tpatient\tand\tas\tnear\tto\tthem\tas\tpo... | [
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0.03494187816977501,
0.05... |
•\t\nMake\tsure\tthe\tpatient\tcan\tsee\tyour\tmouth\tas\tyou\ttalk.\n•\t\nSpeak\tclearly,\tslowly,\tand\t“mouth”\tyour\twords\tmore\tthan\tyou\twould\n\twith\tpatients\twho\thave\nnormal\thearing.\n•\t\nSpeak\tup\tand\task\tthe\tpatient\tif\ta\tdifferent\tvolume\tlevel\twould\tbe\thelpful\t(in\tsome\tcases\ntalking\tl... | [
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0.06421691179275513,
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0.08567331731319427,
0.0... |
talking\tlouder\tnot\tonly\tdoesn’t\thelp,\tbut\tcan\tmake\tmatters\tworse).\n•\t\nLook\tdirectly\tat\tthe\tpatient\t(don’t\tlook\tdown,\tat\ta\tcomputer\tscreen,\tetc.).\n•\t\nChoose\tyour\twords\tmore\tcarefully\t(esoteric\twords\twill\tbe\tharder\tfor\tthe\tpatient\tto\nunderstand).\n•\t\nBe\tpatient—you\tmay\n\tbe\... | [
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0.08343130350112915,
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0.0560791939496994,
0.02534... |
be\tasked\tto\trepeat\tyourself\t(you\tmay\tbe\tasked\tto\tdo\tso\trepeatedly).\nWhile\tit\tis\ttempting\tto\tyell\tto\tbe\theard,\tit\tis\tusually\tnot\ta\tgood\tidea.\tYelling\tcan\tbe\tirritating\tand\nraises\tconcerns\tabout\tpatient\tprivacy\tand\toften\tdoes\tnot\tmake\tspeech\tany\teasier\tto\tunderstand.\tIf | [
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-0.06513506919145584,
-0.1317453384399414,
-0.011465925723314285,
0.10162585973739624,
0.017977019771933556,
-0.05876826494932175,
0.07090190798044205,
0.06235801801085472,
-0.04123604670166969,
0.06124790757894516,
0.05687401... |
speech\tsounds\tgarbled,\tyelling\tonly\tmakes\tthe\tgarbled\tspeech\tlouder,\tnot\tclearer.\nFor\tsome\tpatients,\tthe\tonly\trecourse\n\twill\tbe\tto\twrite\tmessages\tdown\tfor\tthem\tto\tread.\tWhiteboards\nare\tused\tmost\toften\tand\talthough\tthis\tis\ta\tcumbersome\tprocess\trequiring\tpatience,\tit\tis\toften\... | [
0.009172381833195686,
-0.048418931663036346,
0.06753768771886826,
-0.08433229476213455,
-0.12219242751598358,
-0.003047570353373885,
0.0764002576470375,
-0.005576477386057377,
0.031381748616695404,
0.04262214154005051,
0.06902910023927689,
0.0038208209443837404,
0.06591514497995377,
0.0212... |
only\tsolution.\nAge-related\tmacular\tdegeneration\t(AMD)\n\tis\ta\tdisease\tof\tthe\tretina\tthat\taffects\tcentral\tvision\nand\tcan\tlead\tto\tblindness\tin\tolder\tpeople.\tAMD\tis\tthe\tleading\tcause\tof\tlegal\tblindness\tin\tAmericans\nage\t65\tand\tolder.\tIt\taffects\n\tmore\tthan\t1.75\tmillion\tindividuals... | [
0.03009527549147606,
-0.05578981339931488,
0.0791337862610817,
-0.04150131344795227,
-0.12481504678726196,
-0.0074034822173416615,
0.0847245380282402,
-0.06454230844974518,
-0.02402241714298725,
0.0964185893535614,
0.13884517550468445,
-0.06449781358242035,
0.009726321324706078,
0.02914385... |
increase\tto\tmore\tthan\t5\tmillion\tby\t2050\t(\nAmerican\tOptometric\tAssociation\t[AOA],\t2014\n).\tSmoking,\nrace\t(it\tis\tmore\tcommon\tin\tCaucasians),\tand\tfamily\thistory\tare\tknown\trisk\tfactors\t(\nChew\tet\tal,\t2014\n;\nNational\tEye\tInstitute,\t2014\n).\tAs\tthe\tpopulation\tages,\tAMD\tis\tbecoming\... | [
0.0010049736592918634,
-0.0035277914721518755,
0.0563555471599102,
-0.046127937734127045,
-0.08924952149391174,
-0.0026105621363967657,
0.06561219692230225,
-0.030831916257739067,
-0.011726582422852516,
0.10546854883432388,
0.14224402606487274,
-0.066741444170475,
0.014139611274003983,
0.0... |
health\tproblem.\tAMD\toccurs\n\twhen\tthe\tmacula,\tthe\tcenter\tpart\tof\tthe\tretina,\tdegrades.\tThe\tresult\tis\ncentral\tvision\tloss.\tThe\tmacular\tpigment\tis\tcomposed\tof\ttwo\tchemicals,\tlutein\tand\tzeaxanthin.\tA\tdiet\nrich\tin\tfruits\tand\tvegetables\tmay\thelp\tdelay\tor\tprevent\tthe\tdevelopment\to... | [
0.04499642550945282,
-0.022555870935320854,
0.06306373327970505,
-0.019779248163104057,
-0.09678199887275696,
0.020270148292183876,
0.09391140192747116,
0.0403873585164547,
-0.011668253690004349,
0.07095877826213837,
0.14971868693828583,
-0.007193273399025202,
0.05384218320250511,
0.005666... |
supplementation\toften\tis\tused\tin\tthe\ttreatment\tof\tAMD\t(\nAslam\tet\tal,\t2014\n;\t\nKorobelnik,\t2017\n).\nPresbyopia\n\tis\ta\tloss\tof\telasticity\n\tin\tthe\tcrystalline\tlens\tthat\tcauses\tan\tinability\tto\tfocus\tclearly\tat\nclose\tdistances\tand\tresults\tin\tthe\tneed\tfor\treading\tglasses.\tThis\tb... | [
-0.015316578559577465,
-0.08666829764842987,
0.041396308690309525,
-0.031624142080545425,
-0.10812477767467499,
0.012700584717094898,
0.0971653014421463,
0.010516509413719177,
-0.019566193222999573,
0.04505688697099686,
0.10418009012937546,
0.011312499642372131,
0.04103539511561394,
0.0467... |
decade\tof\tlife\t(\nAOA,\t2014\n).\tAs\tit\tworsens,\tpoor\tvision\tinterferes\twith\tshopping,\tcooking,\tand\teating.\nGlaucoma\n\tis\tdamage\tto\tthe\toptic\tnerve\tresulting\tfrom\thigh\tpressure\tin\tthe\teye.\tIt\tis\tthe\tsecond\nmost\tcommon\tcause\tof\tvision\n\tloss,\taffecting\tapproximately\t3\tmillion\tAm... | [
0.03323011472821236,
-0.0583215057849884,
0.08510586619377136,
-0.04362461343407631,
-0.11045300215482712,
0.007268378511071205,
0.07253550738096237,
-0.007995953783392906,
-0.04931807145476341,
0.09634826332330704,
0.10310695320367813,
-0.06247647479176521,
0.05485738068819046,
-0.0072136... |
loss,\taffecting\tapproximately\t3\tmillion\tAmericans.\tHypertension,\ndiabetes,\tand\tcardiovascular\tdisease\t(CVD)\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tglaucoma.\nA\t\ncataract\n\tis\ta\tclouding\tof\tthe\tlens\tof\tthe\teye.\tApproximately\thalf\tof\tAmericans\t65\tand\tolder\thave\nsome\tdegree\tof\tclouding\tof\tthe\tlens.... | [
-0.012304536066949368,
-0.05430518090724945,
0.04332278296351433,
-0.006674332544207573,
-0.08190973848104477,
0.04317627474665642,
0.0872209370136261,
0.03772464767098427,
0.022715430706739426,
0.0627560168504715,
0.05968426913022995,
-0.03983442857861519,
0.024123039096593857,
-0.0113611... |
removed\tand\treplaced\twith\ta\tpermanent\tprosthetic\tlens.\tA\tdiet\n\thigh\tin\tbeta\tcarotene,\tselenium,\nlutein,\tomega-3\tfat,\tand\tvitamins\tC\tand\tE\tmay\tdelay\tcataract\tdevelopment\t(\nAOA,\t2014\n).\tStudies\nshow\tthat\ta\thigh\tsodium\tintake\tmay\tincrease\trisk\tof\tcataract\tdevelopment.\tUltraviol... | [
-0.004136655014008284,
0.00835072249174118,
0.07761325687170029,
-0.015718720853328705,
-0.04237775877118111,
-0.011764327064156532,
0.09872450679540634,
0.018595470115542412,
-0.03879139944911003,
0.054568979889154434,
0.1261858493089676,
-0.016778679564595222,
0.021992133930325508,
0.049... |
exposure\tis\trelated\tdirectly\tto\t5%\tof\tworldwide\tcataracts.\tWhen\tthe\tUV\tindex\tis\t3\tand\tabove,\nprotective\tsunglasses\tare\trecommended.\nImmunocompetence\nAge-related\n\talterations\tin\tthe\timmune\tsystem\tinclude\tboth\tcellular\tand\tserologic\tchanges\tthat\tcause\ndysfunction\tin\tthe\tresponse\tt... | [
0.014527760446071625,
-0.012396393343806267,
0.08438325673341751,
-0.03028009459376335,
-0.06633198261260986,
0.007940099574625492,
0.12331118434667587,
0.04406682401895523,
-0.04843742027878761,
0.06316451728343964,
0.10715880244970322,
-0.06495513767004013,
0.0026186916511505842,
0.05576... |
efficient.\tThe\tmechanisms\tof\tage-related\tchanges\tin\timmune\tfunction\tare\tnot\tfully\tunderstood\tbut\nlikely\tdepend\ton\tgenetics,\tenvironmental\tfactors,\tand\tlifestyle\tchoices\t(\nKeenan,\t2018\n).\tMaintaining\ngood\tnutritional\tstatus\n\tpromotes\tgood\timmune\tfunction.\nOral\nDiet\tand\tnutrition\tc... | [
-0.01630510203540325,
-0.010205840691924095,
0.06281471252441406,
-0.005383671261370182,
-0.09476026147603989,
-0.003846889128908515,
0.08866297453641891,
-0.012339792214334011,
0.004509389866143465,
0.057339850813150406,
0.10021421313285828,
-0.016682250425219536,
0.04367441311478615,
0.0... |
Chapter\t24\n).\tTooth\tloss,\tuse\tof\ndentures,\tand\t\nxerostomia\n\t(dry\tmouth)\tcan\tlead\tto\tdifficulties\tin\tchewing\tand\tswallowing.\tDecreases\nin\ttaste\tsensation\tand\tsaliva\tproduction\tmake\teating\tless\tpleasurable\tand\tmore\tdifficult.\tOral\ndiseases\tand\tconditions\tare\tcommon\tamong\tpeople\... | [
0.015837503597140312,
-0.003879870055243373,
0.07499879598617554,
-0.02850721962749958,
-0.046471115201711655,
0.010824574157595634,
0.09428849816322327,
-0.030223555862903595,
-0.009175519458949566,
0.09084153920412064,
0.09372572600841522,
-0.03548426926136017,
0.042031701654195786,
0.01... |
the\tbenefit\tof\tcommunity\nwater\tfluoridation\tand\tother\tfluoride\tproducts.\tHowever,\tthe\tpercentage\tof\tAmericans\tage\t65\tand\nolder\twho\tare\tmissing\tall\tof\ttheir\tnatural\tteeth\t(edentulous)\tis\tfalling.\tMissing,\tloose,\tor\tdecayed\nteeth\tor\tpoor-fitting,\tpainful\tdentures\tare\tcommon\tproble... | [
-0.024808451533317566,
-0.03766308352351189,
0.04996701702475548,
-0.0007691408391110599,
-0.008470853790640831,
-0.02086537890136242,
0.08535221964120865,
0.023953504860401154,
-0.014666303992271423,
0.06550846248865128,
0.12037038058042526,
-0.06583073735237122,
0.033049046993255615,
0.0... |
People\twith\tthese\tmouth\tproblems\toften\tprefer\tsoft,\teasily\tchewed\tfoods\tand\n\tavoid\tsome\nnutritionally\tdense\toptions\tsuch\tas\twhole\tgrains,\tfresh\tfruits\tand\tvegetables,\tand\tmeats.\nThe\tnutrition-related\tconsequences\tof\t\npolypharmacy\n,\ttaking\tfive\tor\tmore\tmedications\tor\tover-the- | [
-0.014480889774858952,
-0.028129341080784798,
0.03041551448404789,
0.0015038283308967948,
-0.057822879403829575,
0.029936501756310463,
0.14339977502822876,
-0.009875419549643993,
-0.0020984995644539595,
0.04273126274347305,
0.13336911797523499,
-0.039291415363550186,
0.03653489053249359,
-... |
polypharmacy\n,\ttaking\tfive\tor\tmore\tmedications\tor\tover-the-\ncounter\tdrugs\tdaily,\tare\tsignificant.\tMore\tthan\t400\tcommonly\tused\tmedications\tcan\tcause\tdry | [
0.0005695238942280412,
-0.05589564889669418,
0.013630686327815056,
-0.043825987726449966,
-0.09829329699277878,
0.031803522258996964,
0.14023657143115997,
0.07416754961013794,
0.008508265018463135,
0.0391203798353672,
0.043432850390672684,
0.00701879570260644,
0.021481530740857124,
0.07416... |
mouth.\tPreparing\tfoods\tthat\tare\tmoisture-rich\tsuch\tas\thearty\tsoups\tand\tstews,\tadding\tsauces,\tand\npureeing\n\tand\tchopping\tfoods\tcan\tmake\tmeals\teasier\tto\teat.\tIn\taddition,\tthose\twith\tpoor\toral\thealth\nmay\tbenefit\tfrom\tfortified\tfoods\twith\tincreased\tnutrient\tdensity\t(see\t\nFocus\tO... | [
-0.03676970675587654,
-0.05103878676891327,
0.055082596838474274,
-0.011302069760859013,
-0.04386613145470619,
0.03478116914629936,
0.10772763937711716,
-0.019210759550333023,
-0.04990902170538902,
0.02062384784221649,
0.13161543011665344,
-0.06293031573295593,
0.04915256053209305,
-0.0281... |
Focus\tOn:\n\tFood\tFirst!\n).\nGastrointestinal\nSome\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\tchanges\tare\tconsidered\tto\tbe\tnormal\tconsequences\tof\taging\tthough\tsome\nchanges\tcan\tbe\tattributed\tto\tother\tclinical\tcauses\tand\tshould\tbe\tevaluated\t(\nBox\t19.2\n).\tGI\tchanges\ncan\tnegatively\taffect\ta\tperson’s\tnut... | [
-0.00924770813435316,
-0.10721531510353088,
0.033188819885253906,
-0.0440145879983902,
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0.01643756777048111,
0.1478571742773056,
0.003116658655926585,
-0.0010946488473564386,
0.02648557908833027,
0.10301072150468826,
-0.04970565438270569,
0.03583511337637901,
0.0252911... |
aging,\ttaste\tand\tsmell\tchanges\toccur\tin\tthe\tolder\tadult\tincluding\tdecreased\tability\tto\ttaste\tsalt,\nbitter,\tsweet,\tand\tsour.\tAdditionally,\tchanges\tin\tsalivation\tdue\tto\tnatural\taging\tor\tmedication\tside\neffects\tcan\tfurther\talter\ttaste\tsensations\tand\tcause\tchallenges\tfor\tolder\tadul... | [
-0.006343481596559286,
-0.04624069854617119,
0.07956573367118835,
-0.03574049472808838,
-0.04715466871857643,
0.0051747458055615425,
0.10007478296756744,
-0.002580067841336131,
-0.00872436910867691,
0.059648189693689346,
0.08998493105173111,
-0.020320961251854897,
0.07549545913934708,
0.00... |
BOX\t19.2\nGastrointestinal\n\t\n(GI)\tChanges\twith\tAging\nHead:\n\tDecreased\tvelocity\tof\tneuronal\tconduction\tto\tGI\ttract,\tdecreased\thunger\tsensations\nNose/Mouth:\n\tDecreased\ttaste,\tsmell,\tchanges\tin\tdentition,\tdecreased\tsaliva\nNeck:\n\tIncreased\toropharyngeal\tphase,\tdelayed\topening\tof\tesoph... | [
0.01782214269042015,
-0.11417902261018753,
0.033485107123851776,
-0.05254162847995758,
-0.17268426716327667,
-0.008822072297334671,
0.0433146134018898,
0.046726346015930176,
-0.005260498262941837,
0.049847450107336044,
0.07705771923065186,
-0.040226049721241,
0.03756629303097725,
0.0416941... |
peristaltic\tpressure\tin\tesophagus\nStomach:\n\tIncreased\tand\tmore\trapid\tsatiety,\treduced\tperistalsis\tand\tgastric\tcontractile\n\tforce\nincrease\tin\tgastric\tpH\nIntestines:\n\tDecreased\tabsorption\tof\tcarbohydrate,\tprotein,\ttriglyceride,\tfolate,\tB\n12\n,\tD,\tcalcium;\nincreased\tabsorption\tof\tvita... | [
0.011079876683652401,
-0.07827378064393997,
-0.02743280678987503,
-0.051846615970134735,
-0.11567758768796921,
-0.02691570296883583,
0.09126473218202591,
0.054619546979665756,
0.015721626579761505,
0.04075240716338158,
0.06372229754924774,
-0.054773829877376556,
0.024900758638978004,
0.030... |
Lower\tintestines:\n\tDecreased\trectal\twall\telasticity,\tdecreased\tcolonic\tmotility,\tconstipation\nAge-\tand\tdisease-related\tchanges\tin\tswallow\tfunction,\tincluding\treduction\tof\toral\tand\tesophageal\nmuscle\tmass\tand\tconnective\n\ttissue\telasticity,\tcan\tcause\tdelay\tin\tthe\tswallow\tprocesses\tof\... | [
0.013114772737026215,
-0.07698701322078705,
0.06288302689790726,
-0.05550101026892662,
-0.13514335453510284,
-0.04930383339524269,
0.06394390016794205,
0.03915508836507797,
0.020684540271759033,
0.04585052281618118,
0.0858214721083641,
-0.06127867102622986,
0.018242955207824707,
0.04569462... |
adults.\tIncreased\toropharyngeal\tphase\tof\tswallowing\t(see\t\nChapter\t39\n),\tdelayed\topening\tof\tthe\nesophageal\tsphincter,\tand\tdecreased\tperistaltic\tpressure\tin\tthe\tesophagus\tcan\tall\tcontribute\tto\nchallenges\tin\tfunctional\tswallow,\twhich\tmay\tthreaten\tadequate\tnutrition\tand\tmake\tone\tmore... | [
0.048521988093853,
-0.046670619398355484,
0.0752328559756279,
-0.0017639450961723924,
-0.1422462910413742,
-0.02708558365702629,
0.057709336280822754,
-0.034746747463941574,
-0.008691526018083096,
0.06520961225032806,
0.10102804750204086,
-0.06386743485927582,
0.047588370740413666,
0.01047... |
susceptible\tto\tchoking\tor\taspiration.\t\nDysphagia\n,\ta\tdysfunction\tin\tswallowing,\tcommonly\tis\nassociated\twith\tneurologic\tdiseases\tand\tdementia.\tIt\tincreases\tthe\trisk\tfor\taspiration\tpneumonia,\tan\ninfection\tcaused\tby\tfood\tor\tfluids\tentering\tthe\tlungs\t(see\t\nChapter\t33\n).\tThickened\t... | [
0.019877878949046135,
-0.06414218246936798,
0.049558039754629135,
-0.0066425492987036705,
-0.07128993421792984,
-0.002112091751769185,
0.11358687281608582,
0.04678166285157204,
-0.027800776064395905,
0.08227720111608505,
0.16140374541282654,
-0.07557984441518784,
0.06379485130310059,
0.079... |
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