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Evaluation\tof\tthe\tbasophil\tactivation\ttest\tand\n\tskin\tprick\ntesting\tfor\tthe\tdiagnosis\tof\tfood\tallergy\n\tClin\tExp\tAllergy\t8,\t2018;48:\t1025-1034.\nAsai\tY,\tEslami\tA,\tvan\tGinkel\tCD.\tet\tal.\t\nGenome-wide\tassociation\tstudy\tand\tmeta-analysis\tin\tmultiple\npopulations\tidentifies\tnew\tloci\t...
[ -0.060644131153821945, -0.005429654382169247, 0.031431782990694046, -0.05318179354071617, -0.06987670063972473, -0.04398507624864578, 0.05778088793158531, 0.058261796832084656, -0.01349943969398737, 0.034596432000398636, 0.0970442071557045, -0.02533475123345852, 0.043506305664777756, 0.039...
factor\tfor\tfood\tallergy\n\tJ\tAllergy\tClin\tImmunol\t2018;141:\t991-1001.\nAsaumi\tT,\tEbisawa\tM.\t\nHow\tto\tmanage\n\tfood\tdependent\texercise\tinduced\tanaphylaxis\t(FDEIA)\n\tCurr\nOpinion\tin\tAllergy\tClin\tImmunol\t2018;18:\t243-247.
[ -0.019406383857131004, 0.01543313730508089, -0.04165010154247284, -0.011279324069619179, -0.016820311546325684, 0.03422953560948372, 0.035240937024354935, 0.1095505803823471, -0.017409222200512886, 0.052355919033288956, 0.1535259187221527, -0.07069729268550873, -0.00997096300125122, 0.0500...
26\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tfor\nupper\tgastrointestinal\ttract\ndisorders\nDeeAnna\tWales\tVanReken,\tMS,\tRDN,\tCD,\tIFNCP\nKEY\tTERMS\nachalasia\nachlorhydria\nachylia\tgastrica\nacid\tpocket\natrophic\tgastritis\nBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(BE)\nbezoar\nBillroth\tI\t(gastroduodenostomy)\nBillroth\tII\t(gastrojejuno...
[ 0.05100487172603607, -0.0038510721642524004, -0.04132649675011635, -0.026928843930363655, -0.1058947816491127, -0.04721911996603012, 0.006449076347053051, 0.02181810885667801, -0.055430565029382706, 0.06466590613126755, 0.08797141164541245, -0.02483198419213295, 0.0444924533367157, 0.01286...
cannabinoid\thyperemesis\tsyndrome\ndumping\tsyndrome\nduodenal\tulcer\ndyspepsia\ndysphagia\nendoscopy\nesophagectomy\nesophagitis\nesophagogastroduodenoscopy\t(EGD)\nfunctional\tdyspepsia\ngastrectomy\ngastric\tpull-up\ngastric\tulcer\ngastritis\ngastroesophageal\treflux\t(GER)\ngastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GE...
[ 0.04878072068095207, 0.03075837530195713, -0.01985427364706993, 0.00508729787543416, -0.08434776961803436, -0.04700390622019768, 0.004089104011654854, 0.06699228286743164, -0.08025709539651871, 0.01910713128745556, -0.00885501503944397, 0.036287788301706314, 0.009281200356781483, 0.0391234...
gastroparesis\nheartburn\nHelicobacter\tpylori\nhematemesis\nhiatal\thernia\nlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\nmelena\nmucosa-associated\tlymphoid\ttissue\t(MALT)\nNissen\n\tfundoplication\nodynophagia\nparietal\tcells\nparietal\tcell\tvagotomy\npeptic\tulcer\tdisease
[ -0.0052035171538591385, -0.044143594801425934, 0.0010664790170267224, 0.017106693238019943, -0.09723229706287384, -0.014394914731383324, 0.015067871659994125, 0.054819244891405106, -0.023846635594964027, 0.061631616204977036, 0.03386260196566582, -0.02966071106493473, 0.004246329888701439, ...
pyloroplasty\nRome\tIV\tcriteria\nRoux-en-Y\nscintigraphy\nstress\tulcer\nupper\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(UES)\nvagotomy\nvagotomy,\ttruncal\nvagus\tnerve\nThe\tupper\tgastrointestinal\ttract\tis\tthe\tportion\tof\tthe\talimentary\tcanal\tcontaining\tthe\tesophagus,\nstomach,\tand\tduodenum.\tAlong\twith\tthose\tsegment...
[ 0.01375180296599865, -0.06043611466884613, 0.051658257842063904, -0.00514109805226326, -0.1271343231201172, -0.004205741919577122, 0.046042390167713165, -0.04976644739508629, -0.014168930239975452, 0.016949551180005074, 0.1256759762763977, -0.04194480925798416, -0.005931424908339977, -0.01...
cavity\twill\talso\tbe\tincluded\tas\trelevant\nin\tthis\tchapter.\nDigestive\tdisorders\tof\tboth\tthe\tupper\tand\tlower\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract,\tare\tamong\tthe\tmost\ncommon\tproblems\tin\thealth\tcare\t(see\t\nChapter\t27\n).\tBetween\t60\tand\t70\tmillion\tpeople\tare\taffected\tby
[ 0.02729245275259018, -0.07082699984312057, 0.09266332536935806, -0.01437637209892273, -0.13142816722393036, -0.02597408927977085, 0.10296974331140518, -0.011397884227335453, 0.004600035026669502, 0.07895137369632721, 0.08765103667974472, -0.07268553227186203, 0.004893741104751825, 0.035923...
Chapter\t27\n).\tBetween\t60\tand\t70\tmillion\tpeople\tare\taffected\tby\nall\tdigestive\tdiseases,\twith\tover\t48\tmillion\tambulatory\tcare\tvisits\tmade\tannually\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\nalone\t(\nNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth\t[NIH],\t2014\n).\tAs\tdigestive\tdisorders\tare\tthe\tleading\tcause\tof\tall
[ 0.021101582795381546, 0.030415210872888565, 0.06290125846862793, -0.04490607604384422, -0.06902478635311127, 0.055822305381298065, 0.037887174636125565, 0.010848420672118664, 0.013351409696042538, 0.03431498259305954, 0.0909707099199295, -0.02300049550831318, 0.03164387866854668, -0.039410...
).\tAs\tdigestive\tdisorders\tare\tthe\tleading\tcause\tof\tall\nemergency\tdepartment\tvisits,\t8.8%\tor\tmore\tthan\t12,000\tpatients\tpresented\twith\tstomach\tand\nabdominal\tpain,\tcramps,\tand\tspasms\tin\t2015\talone\t(\nCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\n[CDC],\t2015\n).\tMore\tthan\t20\tmillion\t...
[ 0.006681761704385281, -0.003802148625254631, 0.04604822397232056, -0.022060271352529526, -0.09536801278591156, -0.004622744861990213, 0.08599667251110077, 0.07355479896068573, 0.011114781722426414, 0.0012690989533439279, 0.08644843101501465, -0.03162648156285286, 0.018785353749990463, 0.01...
performed\teach\tyear\t(\nCDC,\t2015\n).\tDietary\thabits\tand\tspecific\tfoods\n\tcan\tplay\tan\timportant\trole\tin\tthe\nonset,\ttreatment,\tand\tprevention\tof\tmany\tGI\tdisorders.\tMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tis\tintegral\tin\tthe\nprevention\tand\ttreatment\tof\tmalnutrition\tand\tdeficiencies\tthat\tcan\tdevel...
[ 0.03705707564949989, 0.008288438431918621, 0.025246810168027878, 0.0036472089122980833, -0.09221682697534561, 0.038003601133823395, 0.07827463746070862, 0.06434658914804459, -0.03681826964020729, 0.03909305855631828, 0.10250727832317352, 0.005260959267616272, 0.021765295416116714, 0.038522...
Diet\tand\tlifestyle\tmodifications\tcan\timprove\ta\tpatient’s\tquality\tof\tlife\tby\talleviating\tGI\tsymptoms\tand\ndecreasing\tthe\tnumber\tof\thealth\tcare\tvisits\tand\tcosts\tassociated\n\twith\tGI\tdisease.\nThe\tesophagus\nThe\tesophagus\tis\ta\tmuscular\ttube\twith\tan\taverage\tlength\tof\t25\tcm\tin\tadult...
[ 0.021768731996417046, -0.0035236699040979147, 0.06600393354892731, 0.02475189045071602, -0.09221120178699493, 0.009326905943453312, 0.0929541140794754, 0.01250430941581726, -0.02560514770448208, 0.018602054566144943, 0.1123707965016365, -0.04072195664048195, 0.024061258882284164, -0.003042...
Fig.\t26.1\n),\twith\tthe\nsingle\tbut\timportant\tfunction\tof\tdelivering\tsolids\tand\tliquids\tfrom\tthe\tmouth\tto\tthe\tstomach.\tIt\tis\nlined\twith\tnonkeratinized\tstratified\tsquamous\tepithelium,\tand\tsubmucosal\tglands\tsecrete\tmucin,\nbicarbonate,\tepidermal\tgrowth\tfactor,\tand\tprostaglandin\tE\n2\n,\...
[ 0.013048469088971615, -0.08802426606416702, -0.003996417857706547, -0.0214059017598629, -0.05406393110752106, -0.010095709934830666, 0.05204175040125847, 0.0874800980091095, 0.016111169010400772, 0.07268696278333664, 0.11191432923078537, -0.008779977448284626, 0.00599383469671011, 0.048177...
2\n,\twhich\tprotect\n\tthe\tmucosa\tfrom\tgastric\nacid.\nFIG.\t26.1\nNormal\tesophagus.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.)\nThe\ttop\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\tconnected\tto\tthe\tpharynx,\tand\tthe\tbottom\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\nconnected\tto\tthe\tstomach\tat\tthe\tcardia.\tIt\tis\thighly\tmusc...
[ 0.08025715500116348, -0.01866256818175316, 0.01562763936817646, -0.043094735592603683, -0.13742010295391083, -0.01132295373827219, -0.005425560753792524, -0.027288317680358887, 0.02272862009704113, 0.03199608996510506, 0.07644394040107727, -0.08023982495069504, 0.013136588037014008, -0.002...
facilitate\tthe\tpassage\tof\tfood.\tAs\ta\tbolus\tof\tfood\tis\tmoved\tvoluntarily\tfrom\tthe\tmouth\tto\tthe\tpharynx,\nthe\t\nupper\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(UES)\n\trelaxes,\tthe\tfood\tmoves\tinto\tthe\tesophagus,\tand\tperistaltic\nwaves\tmove\tthe\tbolus\tdown\tthe\tesophagus;\tthe\t\nlower\tesophageal\tsphincter...
[ 0.0433085635304451, -0.03988606110215187, 0.011795283295214176, -0.03848762810230255, -0.15294955670833588, -0.013523060828447342, 0.04658444970846176, -0.05514247715473175, 0.05493402108550072, 0.06983663141727448, 0.11164678633213043, 0.005293518304824829, 0.020703161135315895, 0.0576168...
lower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\n\trelaxes\tto\nallow\tthe\tfood\tbolus\tto\tpass\tinto\tthe\tstomach.\tThe\tesophageal\ttransit\ttime\ttakes\tan\taverage\tof\t5\nseconds\twhen\tin\tan\tupright\tposition,\tand\tup\tto\t30\tseconds\twhen\tin\ta\tsupine\tposition\t(\nla\tRoca-\nChiapas\tand\tCordova-Fraga,\t2011\n).\...
[ 0.016255278140306473, -0.009028398431837559, 0.04705958813428879, -0.021419864147901535, -0.11403172463178635, -0.02823573723435402, 0.04883206635713577, 0.01434678677469492, 0.025822190567851067, 0.05425115302205086, 0.08988508582115173, -0.04714684188365936, -0.030033493414521217, 0.0396...
la\tRoca-\nChiapas\tand\tCordova-Fraga,\t2011\n).\nThe\tnormal\tesophagus\thas\n\ta\tmultitiered\tdefense\tsystem\tthat\tprevents\ttissue\tdamage\tfrom
[ 0.03991718590259552, -0.04640166833996773, 0.025759568437933922, -0.008580539375543594, -0.07398422807455063, 0.024594290181994438, 0.05207084119319916, -0.014874276705086231, 0.04954630136489868, 0.03558057174086571, 0.15142302215099335, -0.07033222168684006, -0.0618145726621151, 0.014153...
exposure\tto\tgastric\tcontents,\tincluding\tLES\tcontraction,\tnormal\tgastric\tmotility,\tesophageal\tmucus,\ntight\tcellular\tjunctions,\tand\tcellular\tpH\tregulators.\tMusculoskeletal\tdisorders\tand\tmotility\tdisorders\nmay\tresult\tin\tdysphagia.\tFor\texample,\t\nachalasia\n\tis\tcharacterized\tby\ta\tfailure\...
[ 0.030335966497659683, -0.07568726688623428, 0.07960254698991776, -0.01247006468474865, -0.11596556007862091, -0.039740871638059616, 0.06812839955091476, 0.057973526418209076, -0.006794630084186792, 0.054816022515296936, 0.07000971585512161, -0.040245357900857925, 0.058363575488328934, 0.07...
resulting\tin\ta\tloss\tof\tability\n\tto\trelax\tthe\tLES\tand\thave\tnormal\tperistalsis.\nGastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD)\tand\tesophagitis\nEtiology\nGastroesophageal\treflux\t(GER)\n\tis\tconsidered\ta\tnormal\tphysiologic\tprocess\tthat\toccurs\tseveral\ntimes\ta\tday\tin\thealthy\tinfants,\tchildren,\t...
[ 0.06764418631792068, -0.04574241489171982, 0.0711723044514656, -0.009684329852461815, -0.1278810352087021, -0.008035398088395596, 0.08455756306648254, 0.016966285184025764, 0.014569124206900597, 0.06760846078395844, 0.1124715656042099, -0.051404450088739395, 0.025971394032239914, 0.0410920...
relaxation\tof\tthe\tLES\tindependent\tof\tswallowing,\twhich\tpermits\tgastric\tcontents\tto\tenter\tthe\nesophagus.\tLimited\tinformation\tis\tknown\tabout\tthe\tnormal\tphysiology\tof\tGER\tin\tinfants,\tbut\nregurgitation\tand\tspitting\tup,\tas\tthe\tmost\tvisible\tsymptom,\tis\treported\tto\toccur\tdaily\tin\t50%...
[ 0.08406850695610046, -0.09344109892845154, 0.048918064683675766, 0.017307283356785774, -0.12903714179992676, 0.0008368843700736761, 0.09131690114736557, -0.004805516917258501, 0.03172406554222107, 0.048665404319763184, 0.07485419511795044, -0.03591008484363556, 0.016605492681264877, 0.0534...
infants\t(\nLightdale\tand\tGremse,\t2013\n).\nGastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD)\n\tis\ta\tmore\tserious,\tchronic\tform\tof\tGER,\twith\nsymptoms\tor\tcomplications\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\treflux\tof\tgastric\tcontents\tinto\tthe\n\tesophagus\tor\nbeyond,\tand\teven\tinto\tthe\toral\tcavity\t(including\tlarynx)...
[ 0.014147483743727207, -0.05053342878818512, 0.01881643384695053, 0.0020164395682513714, -0.10568621754646301, -0.006686775479465723, 0.07104026526212692, 0.012622388079762459, -0.0008005797280929983, 0.04464195668697357, 0.07862749695777893, -0.020854923874139786, 0.008350769057869911, 0.0...
heartburn\n\t(painful,\tburning\tsensation\tthat\tradiates\tup\tbehind\tthe\tsternum\tof\tfairly\tshort\tduration)\nand/or\tregurgitation,\tat\tleast\tonce\ta\tweek.\tPrevalence\tis\tworldwide,\tmay\tbe\tincreasing\tover\ttime,\nand\tvaries\tby\tgeographic\tlocation.\tThe\tfollowing\tprevalence\testimates\twere\tpublis...
[ 0.06352128833532333, -0.07707679271697998, 0.057294245809316635, 0.0018147745868191123, -0.09713360667228699, -0.010885249823331833, 0.053415022790431976, -0.008731781505048275, -0.012181905098259449, -0.021369267255067825, 0.06759055703878403, -0.009606609120965004, 0.008730207569897175, ...
a\t2014\nreview\tof\texisting\tepidemiologic\tstudies:\tNorth\tAmerica\t18%\tto\t28%;\tEurope\t9%\tto\t26%;\tMiddle\nEast\t9%\tto\t33%;\tAustralia\t12%;\tEast\tAsia\t3%\tto\t8%\t(\nEl-Serag\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nEsophagogastroduodenoscopy\t(EGD)\n\tuses\ta\tfiberoptic\tendoscope\tto\tdirectly\tvisualize\tand\nexamine\tth...
[ -0.03772346302866936, -0.04829441383481026, 0.022851018235087395, -0.02036954089999199, -0.0831904485821724, -0.031187158077955246, 0.054745957255363464, 0.03192640841007233, 0.006907305214554071, 0.006061314605176449, 0.12117301672697067, -0.011710339225828648, 0.05673548951745033, 0.0295...
Focus\tOn:\nEndoscopy\tand\tCapsules\n).\tGERD\tcan\tbe\tclassified\n\tas\tnonerosive\tdisease\t(NERD),\tindicating\tthe\npresence\tof\tsymptoms\twithout\tabnormalities\tor\terosions,\tor\terosive\tdisease\t(ERD),\twith\tsymptoms\nand\terosions\tpresent.\tERD\tgenerally\tis\tassociated\twith\tmore\tsevere\tand\tprolong...
[ 0.02433696947991848, -0.06647367775440216, 0.013643461279571056, -0.033861517906188965, -0.05120472237467766, 0.006743019446730614, 0.13046137988567352, 0.049475014209747314, 0.0077604008838534355, 0.027991967275738716, 0.0969882383942604, 0.0030231273267418146, 0.01612004265189171, 0.0621...
compared\twith\tNERD\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nSome\tpatients\texperience\tGERD\tsymptoms\tprimarily\tin\tthe\tevening\t(nocturnal\tGERD),\twhich\thas\ta\ngreater\timpact\ton\tquality\tof\tlife\n\tcompared\twith\tdaytime\tsymptoms.\tNocturnal\tGERD\tis\tassociated\nsignificantly\twith\tsevere\t\nesophagitis\n\t(infl...
[ 0.05130564421415329, -0.045984551310539246, 0.011091087013483047, 0.024816304445266724, -0.0747692734003067, -0.008019653148949146, -0.004513715859502554, 0.10262452811002731, 0.05658405274152756, 0.01944185234606266, 0.04189793020486832, -0.011969753541052341, 0.059203654527664185, 0.0806...
(inflammation\tof\tthe\tesophagus)\tand\tBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(an\nintestinal\tmetaplasia\tdescribed\tin\tfurther\tdetail\tlater\tin\tthis\tchapter)\tand\tcan\tlead\tto\tsleep\ndisturbance.\tPatients\twith\tERD\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\tbe\tmen,\tand\twomen\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\thave\tNERD.\nThere\tis\ta\tdefinite\tre...
[ -0.009586724452674389, -0.017315272241830826, 0.03329029306769371, -0.006363108288496733, -0.05824192985892296, 0.01286825630813837, 0.08106127381324768, 0.058431729674339294, 0.040448252111673355, 0.0254103671759367, 0.05863777548074722, -0.0031714264769107103, 0.03783905878663063, 0.0734...
and\tobesity.\tSeveral\tmeta-analyses\tsuggest\tan\nassociation\tbetween\tbody\tmass\tindex\t(BMI),\twaist\tcircumference,\tweight\tgain,\tand\tthe\tpresence\tof\nsymptoms\tand\tcomplications\tof\tGERD.\tGERD\tis\tfrequent\tduring\tpregnancy,\tusually\tmanifesting\tas\nheartburn,\tand\tmay\tbegin\tin\tany\ttrimester.\t...
[ 0.020208783447742462, -0.00789214950054884, 0.010225074365735054, 0.06368864327669144, -0.04921106994152069, -0.005357776302844286, 0.05616126209497452, 0.013025108724832535, -0.033973608165979385, 0.02248736284673214, 0.09144064038991928, -0.05097857862710953, -0.03697332367300987, 0.0137...
increasing\tgestational\tage,\theartburn\tbefore\tpregnancy,\tand\tparity\n\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\n14\n).\tOne\tKorean\tstudy\talso\tfound\ta\tsignificant\tassociation\tbetween\tdegree\tof\tpsychosocial\tstress\tand\nreflux\tesophagitis\tseverity\t(\nSong\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nChest\tpain\tmay\tbe\t...
[ 0.01802678033709526, -0.07462547719478607, 0.032984085381031036, -0.007198795676231384, -0.08047205209732056, 0.020661627873778343, 0.06357569247484207, 0.030027519911527634, 0.004310091491788626, 0.0290518905967474, 0.11426018923521042, -0.012447761371731758, 0.02193315140902996, 0.005179...
required\tbefore\tconsidering\tGERD\tas\ta\tcause\tof\tchest\tpain.\tAlthough\tthe\tsymptoms\tof\tdysphagia\tcan\nbe\tassociated\twith\tuncomplicated\n\tGERD,\tits\tpresence\twarrants\tinvestigation\tfor\ta\tpotential\ncomplication,\tincluding\tan\tunderlying\tmotility\tdisorder,\tstricture,\tor\tmalignancy.\tPatients\...
[ 0.02394801937043667, -0.03412348031997681, 0.07084265351295471, -0.0016993661411106586, -0.0981452688574791, -0.00751900440081954, 0.07067934423685074, 0.028420118615031242, 0.007769116200506687, -0.0037341853603720665, 0.06980868428945541, -0.038010820746421814, 0.027425218373537064, 0.06...
disruptive\tGERD\t(daily\tor\tmore\tthan\tweekly\tsymptoms)\thave\tan\tincrease\tin\ttime\toff\twork\tand\ndecrease\tin\twork\tproductivity,\tand\ta\tdecrease\tin\tphysical\tfunctioning\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nPathophysiology\nThe\tpathophysiology\tof\tGERD\tis\tcomplex.\t\nBox\t26.1\n\tdescribes\tpossible\tmechan...
[ 0.017038419842720032, -0.06575431674718857, 0.09502529352903366, 0.027666602283716202, -0.04217122122645378, 0.012815263122320175, 0.13403089344501495, 0.012987029738724232, 0.0010435627773404121, 0.06288517266511917, 0.07829942554235458, -0.055356714874506, 0.004739808384329081, 0.0550153...
Box\t26.1\n\tdescribes\tpossible\tmechanisms\tinvolved\tin\nGERD.\tThree\tcomponents\tmake\tup\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction:\tthe\tLES,\tthe\tcrural\tdiaphragm,\tand\nthe\tanatomic\tflap\tvalve.\tThis\tjunction\tacts\tas\tan\tantireflux\tbarrier.\tThe\tLES\tis\ta\t3-\tto\t4-cm\tsegment\nof\tcircular\tsmooth\tmuscle\...
[ 0.024001745507121086, -0.03131554275751114, 0.048545271158218384, -0.03031196817755699, -0.1272645890712738, -0.03171559050679207, 0.05860235542058945, 0.02034759521484375, 0.019014481455087662, 0.05027094855904579, 0.0699801966547966, -0.04027742147445679, 0.032782383263111115, 0.03824805...
vary\tamong\thealthy\tindividuals,\tranging\tfrom\t10\tmm\tHg\n\tto\t35\tmm\tHg\trelative\tto\tthe\tintragastric\npressure.\tThe\tmost\tcommon\tmechanism\tfor\treflux\tis\ttransient\tLES\trelaxations,\twhich\tare\ttriggered\nby\tgastric\tdistention\tand\tserve\tto\tenable\tgas\tventing\tfrom\tthe\tstomach.\tOn\taverage...
[ 0.04248744994401932, -0.03877270594239235, 0.07230725139379501, -0.03447724133729935, -0.12810774147510529, -0.02119598537683487, 0.08946547657251358, -0.000004053904376633, -0.020039094612002373, 0.05779910460114479, 0.07661855220794678, -0.029548129066824913, 0.036472201347351074, 0.0213...
relaxations\tpersist\tfor\tabout\t20\tseconds,\twhich\tis\tsignificantly\tlonger\tthan\tthe\ttypical\tswallow-\ninduced\trelaxation\t(\nBredenoord\tet\tal,\t2013\n).
[ 0.04200074076652527, -0.04282545670866966, 0.01987798698246479, 0.0012256134068593383, -0.09771014750003815, 0.008426469750702381, 0.10976239293813705, -0.022655433043837547, 0.012861561961472034, 0.04698188975453377, 0.08900398015975952, 0.0002551203069742769, 0.008660752326250076, 0.0255...
BOX\t26.1\nPossible\tMechanisms\tInvolved\tin\tGastroesophageal\tReflux\nDisease\t(GERD)\n•\t\nDecreased\tsalivation\n•\t\nTransient\tlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\trelaxation\n•\t\nReduced\tLES\tpressure\n•\t\nImpaired\tesophageal\tacid\tclearance\n•\t\nIncreased\tesophageal\tsensitivity\n•\t\nAcid\tpocket\n•\t\n...
[ 0.022437267005443573, -0.050704360008239746, 0.043741799890995026, -0.00754470843821764, -0.12244468927383423, -0.012436388991773129, 0.062333494424819946, 0.02532188408076763, -0.003952186554670334, 0.05217314511537552, 0.09367191046476364, 0.0014409363502636552, 0.018887946382164955, 0.0...
•\t\nIncreased\tintraabdominal\tpressure\n•\t\nDelayed\tgastric\temptying\nData\tfrom\tBeaumont\tH\tet\tal:\tThe\tposition\tof\n\tthe\tacid\tpocket\tas\ta\tmajor\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tacidic\treflux\tin\nhealthy\tsubjects\tand\tpatients\twith\tGORD,\t\nGut\n\t59:441,\t2010;\tBredenoord\tAJ\tet\tal:\tGastroesophageal\tref...
[ 0.02790112793445587, -0.015186387114226818, 0.00925555732101202, -0.06184601038694382, -0.12907113134860992, -0.0033195356372743845, 0.0837136059999466, 0.01858602650463581, -0.001980420434847474, 0.004498579539358616, 0.09363527595996857, -0.007517754565924406, 0.03753391653299332, 0.0222...
disease,\t\nLancet\n\t381:1933,\t2013;\tPenagini\tR,\tBravi\tI:\tThe\trole\tof\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tand\timpaired\nesophageal\tmotility,\t\nBest\tPract\tRes\tClin\tGastroenterol\n\t24:831,\t2010.\nFor\treflux\tto\ttake\tplace,\tpressure\tin\tthe\tproximal\tstomach\n\tmust\tbe\tgreater\tthan\tthe\tpressure\tin\t...
[ 0.0008072335040196776, -0.05464893579483032, 0.017111457884311676, -0.0211153756827116, -0.1139334887266159, -0.0037169314455240965, 0.07398766279220581, 0.07609555125236511, -0.020335648208856583, 0.04117763787508011, 0.08932474255561829, 0.018902529031038284, 0.03723395988345146, 0.02355...
must\tbe\tgreater\tthan\tthe\tpressure\tin\tthe\nesophagus.\tPatients\twith\tchronic\trespiratory\tdisorders,\tsuch\tas\tchronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\ndisease\t(COPD),\tare\tat\trisk\tfor\tGERD\tbecause\tof\tfrequent\tincreases\tin\tintraabdominal\tpressure.\tA\nchronically\tincreased\tpressure\talso\tis\tseen\tduri...
[ -0.0005131235811859369, -0.005798023194074631, 0.04959605634212494, -0.0291850958019495, -0.07784320414066315, 0.022138364613056183, 0.07522821426391602, 0.007236724253743887, -0.024696361273527145, 0.03959619998931885, 0.13972964882850647, -0.06215338408946991, 0.03305800259113312, 0.0753...
Hypersensitivity\tto\tacid\tcan\toccur\tin\tpeople\twith\terosive\tesophagitis\n\tand\tin\tthose\twith\tnormal\nmucosa.\tA\tfactor\tcontributing\tto\tincreased\tesophageal\tsensitivity\tto\tacid\tis\timpaired\tmucosal\tbarrier\nfunction.\tIn\ta\tsystematic\treview,\tthe\toverall\trate\tof\tgastric\temptying\twas\tdelay...
[ 0.04735773056745529, -0.052747614681720734, 0.051101263612508774, 0.002025621011853218, -0.10972734540700912, -0.03173067793250084, 0.11814440786838531, 0.02780013717710972, -0.023120122030377388, 0.021099336445331573, 0.10902609676122665, -0.03858937323093414, 0.0482768639922142, 0.047319...
GERD\t(\nPenagini\tand\tBravi,\t2010\n).\tHowever,\ta\trelationship\tbetween\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tand\nincreased\treflux\tcould\tnot\tbe\tseen\tin\tthis\tstudy,\tsuggesting\tthat\timpaired\n\temptying\tof\tthe\tstomach\nas\ta\twhole\tis\tnot\tan\timportant\tdeterminant\tof\tGER.\nGood\tperistaltic\tfunction\tis...
[ 0.027386918663978577, -0.03782801702618599, 0.08368989080190659, -0.023653537034988403, -0.0773705244064331, -0.016291072592139244, 0.10907479375600815, 0.02580978348851204, 0.007361124735325575, 0.04764001816511154, 0.11306757479906082, -0.024002252146601677, 0.04672455042600632, 0.038676...
clearance\tcorrelates\twith\tthe\tseverity\tof\tesophagitis\tand\tthe\tpresence\tof\tcomplications\tsuch\tas\nBarrett’s\tesophagus.\tAn\toccurrence\tduring\tthe\tpostprandial\tperiod\tknown\tas\t\nacid\tpocket\n\tis\ta\tlayer\nof\tunbuffered,\thighly\tacidic\tgastric\n\tjuice\tat\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction,\tready...
[ 0.04798101261258125, -0.012199994176626205, 0.045320212841033936, -0.02147572487592697, -0.11166423559188843, 0.0075863138772547245, 0.06758251786231995, -0.025786811485886574, 0.05461613088846207, 0.033347632735967636, 0.08895988017320633, -0.04506291076540947, 0.030643954873085022, 0.020...
juice\tat\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction,\tready\tto\treflux\tdue\tto\tthe\nabsence\tof\tperistaltic\tcontraction\tin\tthe\tproximal\tstomach.\nProlonged\tacid\texposure\tcan\tresult\tin\tesophagitis,\tesophageal\terosions,\tulceration,\tscarring,
[ 0.03645116463303566, -0.09933243691921234, 0.02675645239651203, -0.012263660319149494, -0.13144084811210632, -0.0038729931693524122, 0.08074209094047546, -0.016007667407393456, 0.011248904280364513, 0.0030217566527426243, 0.12311158329248428, -0.07178808748722076, -0.021558627486228943, 0....
stricture,\tand\tin\tsome\tcases\tdysphagia\t(see\t\nPathophysiology\tand\tCare\tManagement\tAlgorithm:\nEsophagitis\n).\tAcute\tesophagitis\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\treflux,\tingestion\tof\ta\tcorrosive\tagent,\n\tviral\tor\nbacterial\tinfection,\tintubation,\tradiation,\tor\teosinophilic\tinfiltration.\tEosinophilic\teso...
[ 0.03616667538881302, -0.10077888518571854, 0.042396869510412216, 0.015040036290884018, -0.12525694072246552, 0.0020460495725274086, 0.11690449714660645, 0.042895857244729996, 0.00985567457973957, 0.07646280527114868, 0.08882196992635727, -0.029921501874923706, 0.03070071153342724, 0.066909...
characterized\tby\tan\tisolated,\tsevere\teosinophilic\tinfiltration\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tmanifested\tby\tGERD-\nlike\tsymptoms\tthat\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\tan\timmune\tresponse\t(see\t\nChapter\t25\n).\nThe\tseverity\tof\tthe\tesophagitis\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\tGER\tis\tinfluenced\tby\tthe\tcomposition,\tfrequency,\nan...
[ 0.0795898362994194, -0.05099331587553024, 0.04357662796974182, 0.015236691571772099, -0.09794002026319504, 0.014988269656896591, 0.09292098134756088, -0.01547932531684637, 0.03792479634284973, 0.07395708560943604, 0.10349811613559723, -0.05653053894639015, 0.026576045900583267, 0.034095913...
and\tvolume\n\tof\tthe\tgastric\treflux;\tthe\thealth\tof\tthe\tmucosal\tbarrier;\tlength\tof\texposure\tof\tthe\nesophagus\tto\tthe\tgastric\treflux;\tand\tthe\trate\tof\tgastric\temptying.\tSymptoms\tof\tesophagitis\tand\nGERD\tmay\timpair\tthe\tability\tto\tconsume\tan\tadequate\tdiet\tand\tinterfere\twith\tsleep,\t...
[ 0.07679532468318939, -0.07420846819877625, 0.009476778097450733, -0.0025074081495404243, -0.09457041323184967, -0.0005336621543392539, 0.09141028672456741, 0.0072052874602377415, 0.033017490059137344, 0.03805007040500641, 0.09580683708190918, -0.017948688939213753, 0.0600932314991951, 0.03...
events,\tand\tthe\toverall\tquality\tof\tlife\t(\nTable\t26.1\n).\nTABLE\t26.1\nClinical\tSymptoms\tAssociated\twith\tGastroesophageal\tReflux\n\tDisease\t(GERD)\nDental\tcorrosion\nSlow,\tprogressive\ttooth\tsurface\tloss\tassociated\twith\tacid\tregurgitation\nDysphagia\nDifficulty\tinitiating\ta\tswallow\t(oropharyn...
[ 0.07046318799257278, -0.0706603154540062, 0.06375160068273544, 0.025212815031409264, -0.12219522148370743, -0.010671867057681084, 0.0450858436524868, 0.029228294268250465, 0.038584981113672256, 0.03692694753408432, 0.0865505263209343, -0.02070918306708336, 0.02434082329273224, 0.0346249192...
hindered\tor\t“sticks”\tafter\tswallowed\t(esophageal\tdysphagia)\nHeartburn\t(pyrosis)\nPainful,\tburning\tsensation\tthat\tradiates\tup\tbehind\tthe\tsternum\tof\tfairly\tshort\tduration\nOdynophagia\nPainful\n\tswallowing\nRegurgitation\nBackflow\tof\tgastric\tcontent\tinto\tthe\tmouth\tnot\tassociated\twith\tnausea...
[ 0.01914835534989834, -0.07491648197174072, 0.057050250470638275, -0.000513997976668179, -0.11402367800474167, -0.016889339312911034, 0.06573846191167831, 0.011545090936124325, -0.021932609379291534, 0.009984465315937996, 0.0673433467745781, -0.016390614211559296, 0.06109000742435455, 0.027...
Noncardiac\tchest\npain\nUnexplained\tsubsternal\tchest\tpain\tresembling\ta\tmyocardial\tinfarction\twithout\nevidence\tof\tcoronary\tartery\tdisease\nExtraesophageal\nsymptoms\nChronic\tcough,\thoarseness,\treflux-induced\tlaryngitis,\tor\tasthma\nData\tfrom\tBredenoord\tAJ\tet\tal:\tGastro-esophageal\treflux\n\tdise...
[ 0.008706486783921719, -0.034370772540569305, 0.006002427544444799, -0.01864064671099186, -0.07711240649223328, -0.01111560594290495, 0.008055591024458408, 0.04372890293598175, 0.015521291643381119, 0.011951389722526073, 0.06258419901132584, -0.0457543283700943, 0.02016465924680233, 0.04506...
disease,\t\nLancet\n\t381:1933,\t2013;\tKatz\tPO\tet\tal:\tGuidelines\tfor\tthe\tdiagnosis\tand\nmanagement\tof\tgastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease,\t\nAm\tJ\tGastrotenterol\n\t108:308,\t2013.\nBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(BE)\n\tis\ta\tprecancerous\tcondition\tin\twhich\tthe\tnormal\tsquamous\tepithelium
[ -0.017138628289103508, 0.001892023254185915, -0.03123401664197445, -0.009860387071967125, -0.07696350663900375, -0.0013693844666704535, -0.00464119017124176, 0.06716323643922806, -0.016976403072476387, 0.03742607682943344, 0.08134337514638901, 0.004033754579722881, -0.00971602089703083, 0....
is\ta\tprecancerous\tcondition\tin\twhich\tthe\tnormal\tsquamous\tepithelium\nof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\treplaced\tby\tan\tabnormal\tcolumnar-lined\tepithelium\tknown\tas\tspecialized\nintestinal\tmetaplasia\t(tissue\tthat\tis\tsimilar\tto\n\tthe\tintestinal\tlining).\tThe\texact\tcause\tof\tBE\tis
[ 0.05541260540485382, -0.06217828765511513, 0.06376344710588455, -0.028191179037094116, -0.10072577744722366, -0.021737735718488693, 0.06571854650974274, 0.01880262978374958, 0.005806300789117813, 0.09759513288736343, 0.08180276304483414, -0.05561434477567673, -0.0010696295648813248, 0.0893...
the\tintestinal\tlining).\tThe\texact\tcause\tof\tBE\tis\nunknown,\tbut\tGERD\tis\ta\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tthe\tcondition.\tThe\tprevalence\tof\tBE\tis\tbetween\t0.5%\tand\t2%\nbut\tis\testimated\tto\taffect\t1.6%\tto\t6.8%\tof\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation\t(\nRunge\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tPeople\twith\tBE\nare\tat\tincreased\t...
[ 0.029570894315838814, -0.028660807758569717, 0.04127471521496773, -0.028691843152046204, -0.10719934850931168, -0.008482294157147408, 0.07719928026199341, 0.005499866791069508, 0.021755361929535866, 0.05951647832989693, 0.11671797931194305, -0.07379503548145294, 0.0246259905397892, 0.02144...
dramatically\tover\tthe\tpast\t40\tyears\tand\tspeculated\tto\tcontinue\n\tto\trise\tduring\tcoming\tdecades\t(\nThrift\nand\tWhiteman,\t2012\n).\tRisk\tfactors\tfor\tBE\tinclude\tprolonged\thistory\tof\tGERD-related\tsymptoms\n(more\tthan\t5\tyears),\tmiddle\tage,\twhite\tmale,\tobesity,\tsmoking,\tand\tfamily\thistor...
[ -0.007661099545657635, -0.03865687549114227, 0.07248184084892273, -0.03098476491868496, -0.079218290746212, -0.017721038311719894, 0.07575523853302002, 0.007466998416930437, -0.005299163516610861, 0.07571165263652802, 0.10067906975746155, -0.032522883266210556, 0.03829219564795494, 0.02095...
adenocarcinoma\tof\tthe\tesophagus.\tEstrogen\tmay\tbe\tprotective\tand\taccount\tfor\tthe\tlower\tincidence\nof\tBE\tin\tfemales\t(\nAsanuma\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nAbnormalities\tin\tthe\tbody\tsuch\tas\t\nhiatal\thernia\n\tmay\talso\tcontribute\tto\tGER\tand\tesophagitis.\tThe\nesophagus\tpasses\tthrough\tthe\tdiaphragm...
[ 0.04472669959068298, -0.027023443952202797, 0.009152126498520374, -0.02669929899275303, -0.10408733040094376, -0.006241408176720142, 0.03613840788602829, -0.01462063193321228, 0.017377108335494995, 0.11600219458341599, 0.12584426999092102, -0.011156500317156315, 0.039631400257349014, 0.035...
the\tesophagus\tto\tthe\thiatal\tring\tmay\tbecome\tcompromised,\tallowing\ta\tportion\tof\tthe\tupper\tstomach\nto\tmove\tabove\tthe\tdiaphragm.\t\nTable\t26.2\n\tdescribes\tthe\tfour\ttypes\tof\thiatal\thernia\tin\tgreater\tdetail.\nThe\tmost\tcommon\tsymptom\tof\thiatal\thernia\tis\theartburn.\n\tWhen\tacid\treflux\...
[ 0.027402576059103012, -0.002540188143029809, 0.017848525196313858, -0.03655898571014404, -0.13102282583713531, -0.028532402589917183, 0.007798837963491678, -0.021135497838258743, 0.01801469922065735, 0.08224307745695114, 0.07319986820220947, -0.04191596060991287, 0.015674235299229622, -0.0...
When\tacid\treflux\toccurs\twith\ta\thiatal\nhernia,\tthe\tgastric\tcontents\tremain\tabove\tthe\thiatus\tlonger\tthan\tnormal.\tThe\tprolonged\tacid\nexposure\tincreases\tthe\trisk\tof\tdeveloping\tmore\tserious\tesophagitis.\t\nFig.\t26.2\n\tillustrates\ta\thiatal\nhernia\t\n(A)\n,\tand\tpostsurgical\treduction\t\n(B...
[ 0.049278512597084045, -0.023017337545752525, 0.022821981459856033, -0.02821270190179348, -0.13696080446243286, 0.021281050518155098, 0.027297165244817734, -0.0014153356896713376, 0.05015362799167633, 0.0625743567943573, 0.09812089055776596, -0.03542938455939293, 0.006951603107154369, 0.016...
(B)\n.\tAs\tthe\thiatal\thernia\tenlarges,\tregurgitation\tmay\tbe\tmore\nprominent,\tespecially\twhen\tlying\tdown\tor\twhen\tbending\tover.\tEpigastric\n\tpain\toccurs\tin\tthe\tupper\nmiddle\tregion\tof\tthe\tabdomen\tafter\tlarge,\tenergy-dense\tmeals.\tWeight\treduction\tand\tdecreasing\nmeal\tsize\tcan\treduce\tt...
[ 0.010450541041791439, -0.0651664212346077, 0.021515900269150734, -0.01383434608578682, -0.12360137701034546, 0.019326038658618927, 0.07741846144199371, -0.0006086242501623929, -0.014569289050996304, 0.05208967998623848, 0.09445514529943466, -0.05368680879473686, -0.004318414255976677, -0.0...
FIG.\t26.2\nA,\n\tHiatal\thernia.\t\nB,\n\tPostsurgical\treduction\tof\thiatal\thernia.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.)
[ 0.06272216886281967, -0.04702061787247658, -0.023332053795456886, -0.055696383118629456, -0.06302236020565033, 0.04785022512078285, -0.07107312232255936, -0.00693559693172574, -0.013340023346245289, 0.09158904105424881, 0.05439936742186546, -0.13107748329639435, -0.06093410775065422, -0.00...
TABLE\t26.2\nTypes\tof\tHiatal\tHernia\nType\t1\t(sliding\thiatal\nhernia)\nMost\tcommon\ttype;\tgastroesophageal\tjunction\tis\tpushed\tabove\tthe\tdiaphragm,\ncausing\ta\tsymmetric\therniation\tof\tthe\tproximal\tstomach\nType\t2\t(true\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nFundus\tslides\tupward\tand\tmoves\tabove\n\tthe\tgastr...
[ 0.03211277350783348, -0.06589332222938538, 0.014960214495658875, -0.012464767321944237, -0.11702211946249008, -0.017207592725753784, 0.04333215206861496, 0.03749735280871391, 0.030079899355769157, 0.0832236036658287, 0.07759761065244675, -0.027547679841518402, 0.04336238279938698, 0.020263...
the\tgastroesophageal\tjunction\nType\t3\t(mixed\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nCombined\tsliding\tand\tparaesophageal\therniation\nType\t4\t(complex\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nLess\tcommon\tform;\tintrathoracic\therniation\tof\tother\torgans,\tsuch\tas\tthe\tcolon,\nand\tsmall\tbowel\tinto\tthe\thernia\tsac
[ 0.016152983531355858, -0.04172905907034874, 0.04162529483437538, -0.010570627637207508, -0.1260133981704712, -0.030893269926309586, 0.07042768597602844, 0.002730395644903183, 0.0013650543987751007, 0.08991137146949768, 0.13875988125801086, -0.0594903789460659, -0.0018012956716120243, 0.043...
and\tsmall\tbowel\tinto\tthe\thernia\tsac\nPatients\twith\ttype\t3\t(mixed\tparaesophageal)\thiatal\thernia\tmay\tpresent\twith\tsevere\tchest\tpain,\nretching,\tvomiting,\tand\t\nhematemesis\n\t(vomiting\tof\tblood),\tas\tthese\thernias\tcan\ttwist\tand\tcause\nstrangulation\tin\tthe\tchest,\tresulting\tin\ta\tsurgica...
[ 0.05634406581521034, -0.05015860125422478, 0.051876846700906754, 0.0010590085294097662, -0.10037898272275925, -0.03643486276268959, 0.09512727707624435, 0.03501114621758461, 0.018353411927819252, -0.007638278417289257, 0.11069518327713013, -0.006204358767718077, 0.030061226338148117, 0.020...
deficiency\tanemia\twithout\tacute\tbleeding\tbecause\tthe\tdiaphragm\tbecomes\tso\tirritated\tthat\tthe\npatient\tmay\tdevelop\tchronic\tblood\tloss.\nMedical\tand\tsurgical\tmanagement\nThe\tprimary\tmedical\ttreatment\tof\tesophageal\treflux\tis\tsuppression\tof\tacid\n\tsecretion.\tThe\taim\tin
[ 0.04258286580443382, -0.01810063235461712, 0.019345758482813835, 0.02642970159649849, -0.08549363911151886, 0.006322706583887339, 0.0668211430311203, 0.07946116477251053, -0.044733043760061264, 0.0524267852306366, 0.0714767798781395, -0.03694111108779907, 0.014453481882810593, 0.0128813972...
secretion.\tThe\taim\tin\nacid-suppression\ttherapy\tis\tto\traise\tthe\tgastric\tpH\tabove\t4\tduring\tperiods\twhen\treflux\tis\tmost\tlikely\nto\toccur.\tProton\tpump\tinhibitors\t(PPIs),\twhich\tdecrease\tacid\tproduction\tby\tthe\tgastric\tparietal\tcell,\nhave\tbeen\tassociated\twith\tsuperior\thealing\trates\tan...
[ -0.018023379147052765, -0.044421855360269547, 0.05597764626145363, -0.0320577435195446, -0.09255421161651611, -0.015834536403417587, 0.07766164839267731, 0.005593047942966223, 0.051033101975917816, 0.0932449921965599, 0.11637372523546219, -0.020385660231113434, 0.06808887422084808, 0.00437...
Katz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tMilder\nforms\tof\treflux\tare\tmanaged\tby\tH\n2\n\treceptor\t(a\ttype\tof\thistamine\treceptor\n\ton\tthe\tgastric\tparietal\tcell)\nantagonists\tand\tantacids,\twhich\tbuffer\tgastric\tacid\tin\tthe\tesophagus\tor\tstomach\tto\treduce\nheartburn.\tProkinetic\tagents,\twhich\tincrease\tpropul...
[ -0.017869576811790466, -0.04924224317073822, 0.019461415708065033, -0.026591992005705833, -0.07914775609970093, -0.005312243476510048, 0.08086630702018738, 0.0012186839012429118, 0.019958283752202988, 0.04166986420750618, 0.0727643296122551, -0.0006220656796358526, 0.02566571533679962, -0....
persons\twith\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying.\tA\ttrial\tof\tbaclofen,\ta\tgamma-amino\tbutyric\tacid\t(GABA)\nagonist,\tcan\tbe\tconsidered\tin\tpatients\twith\tobjective\tdocumentation\tof\tcontinued\tsymptomatic\n\treflux\ndespite\toptimal\tPPI\ttherapy\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tHowever,\tthere\thave\tnot\tbeen\tlon...
[ 0.0018631324637681246, -0.037632741034030914, 0.01947263441979885, -0.0740642324090004, -0.13910356163978577, 0.004543274641036987, 0.11172398924827576, 0.0491381511092186, 0.006827882956713438, 0.05159644037485123, 0.0918532982468605, -0.01960931159555912, 0.06367853283882141, 0.034505706...
published\tregarding\tefficacy\tof\tbaclofen\tin\tGERD.\tRefer\tto\t\nTable\t26.3\n\tfor\tmedications\tcommonly\nused\tin\tupper\tGI\tdisorders.\tSee\t\nAppendix\t13\n\tfor\tmore\tinformation\tabout\tthese\tmedications.\nTable\t26.3\nCommon\tMedications\tUsed\tin\tthe\tTreatment\tof\tUpper\tGastrointestinal\tTract\tDis...
[ 0.021866226568818092, -0.04175398126244545, -0.012633586302399635, -0.06343474239110947, -0.09165472537279129, 0.005823505111038685, 0.06529264897108078, 0.04505738988518715, 0.00026371516287326813, 0.07294034957885742, 0.10812420397996902, 0.03557205945253372, 0.03961988911032677, 0.03983...
Type\tof\nMedication\nCommon\tNames\nMedication\tFunction\nAntacids\nMagnesium,\tcalcium,\tor\naluminum\tbound\tto\ncarbonate,\thydroxide,\tor\nphosphate\nBuffers\tgastric\tacid\nAntigas\nSimethicone\nLowers\tsurface\ttension\tof\tgas\tbubbles\nAntidiarrheal\nDiphenoxylate\nLoperamide\nOpium\tpreparations\nDecreased\tg...
[ -0.004017628729343414, -0.09678579866886139, 0.03268488124012947, -0.020104868337512016, -0.09407273679971695, 0.0013472522841766477, 0.057517584413290024, 0.06785642355680466, -0.05305982008576393, 0.08906468003988266, 0.11262098699808121, -0.005098394118249416, 0.036513227969408035, 0.06...
Decreased\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract\tmotility\tto\tinduce\nlower\tstool\tvolume\toutput\nAntidumping\nAcarbose\nDelays\tcarbohydrate\tdigestion\n\tby\tinhibiting\talpha-glycoside\nhydrolase,\twhich\tinterferes\twith\tconversion\tof\tstarch\tto\nmonosaccharides\nAntisecretory\nOctreotide\t(somatostatin\nanalog)\nSo...
[ 0.01306295208632946, -0.06877052783966064, -0.02613823302090168, 0.012774817645549774, -0.08588635921478271, 0.01866811513900757, 0.02264758199453354, 0.10268222540616989, -0.034276679158210754, 0.04407452046871185, 0.03660300746560097, 0.01671636663377285, 0.04464499652385712, 0.025450276...
Antisecretory\nOctreotide\t(somatostatin\nanalog)\nSomatostatin\nInhibits\trelease\tof\tinsulin\tand\tother\tgut\thormones;\tslows\nrate\tof\tgastric\temptying\tand\tsmall\tintestine\ttransit\ttime;\nand\tincreases\tintestinal\twater\tand\tsodium\tabsorption\nH\n2\n\tblocker\nCimetidine\nRanitidine\nFamotidine\nNizatid...
[ 0.0026890700682997704, -0.0825832262635231, -0.00482619134709239, -0.05143943056464195, -0.03599347174167633, 0.044127821922302246, 0.07747291028499603, 0.07849548012018204, -0.027888083830475807, 0.07652606815099716, 0.07511001080274582, -0.00483402144163847, 0.007981529459357262, 0.09843...
Blocks\tthe\taction\tof\thistamine\ton\tparietal\tcells,\tdecreasing\nthe\tproduction\tof\tacid\nProkinetic\nMetoclopramide\nErythromycin\nDomperidone\nIncreases\tcontractility\tof\tthe\tstomach\tand\tshortens\tgastric\nemptying\ttime\nProton\tpump\ninhibitor\n(PPI)\nOmeprazole\nLansoprazole\nEsomeprazole\nPantoprazole...
[ -0.04483974725008011, -0.06330887228250504, -0.0302401315420866, -0.04494363069534302, -0.05275505408644676, 0.03333151340484619, 0.0687079206109047, 0.1450495421886444, 0.03678010404109955, 0.05479536950588226, 0.03098803572356701, 0.04814576730132103, 0.05052923038601875, 0.0576597340404...
Pantoprazole\nDexlansoprazole\nRabeprazole\nInhibits\tacid\tsecretion\nOf\tpatients\twith\tsevere\tGERD,\t5%\tto\t10%\tdo\n\tnot\trespond\tto\tmedical\ttherapy.\tThe\t\nNissen\nfundoplication\n\twas\tfirst\tdescribed\tas\ta\ttreatment\tfor\tsevere\treflux\tesophagitis\tin\t1956\tand\tis\tstill
[ -0.0029810562264174223, -0.014506376348435879, -0.032866496592760086, -0.031239764764904976, -0.03367769345641136, 0.0131842577829957, 0.1256941258907318, 0.11818224936723709, 0.03631208464503288, -0.007051486987620592, 0.04404028505086899, 0.09003641456365585, 0.025108158588409424, 0.0329...
the\tmost\tcommonly\tperformed\tantireflux\tsurgery\t(\nFig.\t26.3\n).\tDuring\tthis\tprocedure,\twhich\tcan\tbe\ndone\tusing\teither\topen\tor\ta\tlaparoscopic\ttechnique,\tthe\tfundus\tor\ttop\tportion\tof\tthe\tstomach\tis\nwrapped\t360\tdegrees\taround\tthe\tlower\tesophagus\tand\tsutured\tin\n\tplace\tto\tlimit\tr...
[ -0.002513489220291376, -0.008232790045440197, 0.023685380816459656, -0.05436996743083, -0.08381293714046478, -0.023370323702692986, 0.027542756870388985, 0.028946537524461746, 0.024940552189946175, 0.02631092071533203, 0.08474726974964142, -0.007044720463454723, 0.0014888293808326125, 0.00...
place\tto\tlimit\treflux\t(see\t\nFig.\n26.3\n).\tSurgical\ttherapy\tis\tconsidered\tfor\tindividuals\tfor\twhom\tmedical\tmanagement\thas\tbeen\nunsuccessful,\tthose\twho\topt\tfor\tsurgery\tto\tavoid\tlifelong\tneed\tfor\tmedication\tto\tcontrol\tsymptoms,\nthose\texperiencing\tmore\tserious\tcomplications\t(BE,\tpep...
[ 0.07118137180805206, -0.010205704718828201, 0.04286488890647888, -0.04336274787783623, -0.0989442989230156, -0.02728552371263504, 0.0665893703699112, -0.00260221678763628, -0.0038216018583625555, 0.03060024604201317, 0.10835739970207214, -0.022854218259453773, 0.06711278855800629, 0.007241...
extraesophageal\tmanifestations\tthat\tinclude\tboth\tlaryngeal\tand\tpulmonary\tsymptoms\t(throat-\nclearing,\n\thoarseness,\tpostnasal\tdrip,\tcough,\tshortness\tof\tbreath,\tasthma)\t(\nYates\tand\tOelschlager,\n2015\n).\tAs\tmany\tas\t18%\tof\tthose\tundergoing\tsurgery\twill\tneed\ta\trepeat\toperation\tdue\tto
[ 0.03992895781993866, -0.04388078302145004, 0.06724008917808533, -0.054337576031684875, -0.140723317861557, -0.020432468503713608, 0.058713387697935104, 0.0018082433380186558, -0.020283205434679985, 0.05217817425727844, 0.12119106203317642, -0.0599556602537632, 0.017517227679491043, 0.02188...
fundoplication\tfailure.\tUnfortunately,\tfor\tthese\tpatients,\tquality\tof\tlife\tscores\tdecrease\tand\tthere\tis\nless\timprovement\tof\tdysphagia\twith\tthe\tsecond\tprocedure,\tleading\tsurgeons\tto\tconsider\tmore\ninvasive\tsurgeries\tsuch\tas\n\tRoux-en-Y\tor\tshort\tcolon\tinterposition\t(\nWilshire\tet\tal,\...
[ 0.024266425520181656, -0.03513535484671593, 0.022167114540934563, -0.0019058838952332735, -0.10848481953144073, 0.021957240998744965, 0.02911098673939705, 0.04100295528769493, 0.02942250855267048, -0.030408838763833046, 0.09793483465909958, 0.001124878879636526, 0.008839140646159649, -0.00...
Wilshire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tSurgical\napproaches\tin\tchildren\tare\treserved\tfor\tthose\twho\thave\tintractable\tsymptoms\tunresponsive\tto\nmedical\ttherapy\tor\twho\tare\tat\trisk\tfor\tlife-threatening\tcomplications\tof\tGERD\t(\nLightdale\tand\nGremse,\t2013\n).\tRefer\tto\t\nBox\t26.2\n\tfor\tdietary\tguidelin...
[ -0.020970985293388367, -0.035050176084041595, 0.04488328471779823, -0.08895289152860641, -0.025693638250231743, -0.022570548579096794, 0.040906939655542374, -0.014387678354978561, -0.013041927479207516, 0.029778340831398964, 0.08120624721050262, -0.021568970754742622, 0.0383739173412323, -...
FIG.\t26.3\nNissen\tfundoplication.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.)\nBOX\t26.2\nDietary\tGuidelines\tAfter\ta\tNissen\tFundoplication\n1.\t\nStart\tclear\tliquid\tdiet\tafter\tsurgery.\n2.\t\nAdvance\toral\tdiet\tto\tsoft,\tmoist,\tsolid\tfoods.\tStarting\tsolids\tcould\tbe\tbefore\tleaving\tthe...
[ -0.006911623291671276, -0.06695229560136795, 0.05478491261601448, -0.06242777779698372, -0.08844811469316483, 0.025430206209421158, -0.0119285574182868, 0.008249825797975063, -0.019004983827471733, 0.025093328207731247, 0.0882350280880928, -0.02993200160562992, 0.016800113022327423, -0.005...
hospital\tor\twritten\tin\thospital\tdischarge\tinstructions.\n3.\t\nFollow\tsoft,\tmoist\tfoods\tdiet\tfor\tabout\t2\tmonths.\n\tFoods\tmust\tbe\tsoft\tto\tpass\tthrough\tthe\nesophagus.\n4.\t\nConsume\tsmall,\tfrequent\tmeals.\n5.\t\nSwallow\tsmall\tbites\tof\tfood\tand\tchew\tthoroughly\tto\tallow\tan\teasy\tpassage...
[ 0.021030202507972717, -0.0507807582616806, 0.03541778028011322, -0.034616757184267044, -0.09363079816102982, -0.02052549459040165, 0.07675251364707947, -0.02089381217956543, -0.0106045575812459, 0.0397447869181633, 0.12651792168617249, -0.015956692397594452, 0.04875841364264488, 0.01165530...
esophagus\tand\tavoid\tuse\tof\tstraw\tto\tconsume\tliquids.\tDrink\tslowly.\n6.\t\nAvoid\tfoods\tand\tbeverages\tthat\tmay\tcause\tbackflow\tof\tstomach\tcontents.\tThis\tconsists\tof\ncitrus\tfruits\tand\tjuices,\ttomato,\tpineapple,\talcohol,\tcaffeine,\n\tchocolate,\tcarbonated\nbeverages,\tpeppermint\tor\tspearmin...
[ -0.013890591450035572, -0.06055980548262596, -0.014535363763570786, 0.008998206816613674, -0.05049901828169823, 0.027738021686673164, 0.09199483692646027, 0.00022064016957301646, 0.011489690281450748, 0.004982771351933479, 0.12161862105131149, -0.03802395984530449, 0.044328659772872925, -0...
containing\tfoods.\n7.\t\nAvoid\tdry\tfoods\tthat\tare\thard\tto\tpass\tthrough\tthe\tesophagus,\tsuch\tas\tbread,\tsteak,\traw\nvegetables,\trolls,\tdry\tchicken,\traw\tfruits,\tpeanut\tbutter,\tother\tdry\tmeats,\tor\tanything\twith\nskin,\tseeds,\tor\tnuts.\n8.\t\nAvoid\tany\tfood\tthat\tmay\tcause\tdiscomfort.\n9.\...
[ -0.030141916126012802, -0.023194771260023117, 0.015295756049454212, 0.00039448158349841833, -0.008275684900581837, 0.0025649426970630884, 0.08800872415304184, -0.03819631040096283, -0.014292612671852112, 0.010833928361535072, 0.11487910151481628, -0.045675355941057205, 0.05622590333223343, ...
8.\t\nAvoid\tany\tfood\tthat\tmay\tcause\tdiscomfort.\n9.\t\nAfter\t2\tmonths,\n\tstart\tto\tincorporate\tnew\tfoods\tinto\tthe\tdiet.\tTry\tone\tnew\tfood\titem\tor\nbeverage\tat\ta\ttime.\tBy\t3–6\tmonths,\tpatient\tshould\tbe\table\tto\ttolerate\tmost\tfoods.\n10.\t\nConsult\tdoctor\tor\tdietitian\tif\thaving\tdiffi...
[ -0.008252383209764957, -0.04290436953306198, 0.03264753147959709, -0.007242819294333458, -0.09243801981210709, 0.020590854808688164, 0.06412848830223083, 0.031763046979904175, -0.05237596109509468, -0.004653039388358593, 0.1464313119649887, -0.04659166932106018, 0.03849766030907631, -0.024...
Lifestyle\tmodifications\tand\tmedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tsymptom\tmanagement\tof\tGERD\tshould\tconsist\tof\tchanges\tin\tlifestyle,\tincluding\tdiet.\nA\trecent\tsmall\tclinical\ttrial\tfound\timprovements\tin\tNERD\tparticipants\twith\tthe\taddition\tof\tpsyllium
[ -0.0028825714252889156, -0.0406627282500267, 0.06791254878044128, 0.008773277513682842, -0.0622030571103096, 0.010229790583252907, 0.1130128726363182, 0.007928301580250263, -0.028661727905273438, 0.055561043322086334, 0.10730810463428497, -0.0639280453324318, 0.046112507581710815, 0.016404...
fiber\tinto\tthe\tdiet\tthree\ttimes\tdaily\tfor\ta\ttotal\tof\t12.5\tgrams\tsoluble\tfiber\tper\tday.\tThose\tenrolled\tin\nthe\tstudy\twere\tselected\tif\tthey\tpreviously\tate\ta\tlow\t(<20\tg/day)\tfiber\tdiet\tat\tbaseline.\tDuring\tthe\nstudy,\tno\tother\tdietary\tchanges\twere\tmade,\tand\tPPIs,\tH\n2\n\tblocker...
[ -0.00642707385122776, -0.09982825070619583, 0.05386534705758095, -0.009970678016543388, -0.07986383885145187, -0.017016805708408356, 0.06465991586446762, -0.007117831148207188, -0.00735059380531311, 0.031443409621715546, 0.1089266911149025, 0.039301227778196335, 0.01637430116534233, 0.0007...
2\n\tblockers,\tor\tprokinetics\twere\tnot\tallowed.\nThe\tresult\tdemonstrated\tthat\tdietary\tfiber\tincreased\tthe\tLES\tpressure\tand\tdecreased\ttotal\treflux\nepisodes\tin\tparticipants\t(\nMorozov\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tBesides\tdiet,\tother\timportant\tfactors\tthat\ttrigger\nreflux\tsymptoms\tare\tcaffeine,\talco...
[ 0.008394026197493076, -0.06867759674787521, 0.023401396349072456, -0.019016889855265617, -0.10778199881315231, 0.010781466960906982, 0.09563768655061722, 0.042986854910850525, -0.021101996302604675, 0.04196787253022194, 0.09703376889228821, -0.0069120354019105434, 0.04540826007723808, 0.02...
meal\tsize\tand\tcontent.\tEating\tsmall\trather\tthan\tlarge\tmeals\treduces\tthe\tprobability\tthat\tgastric\ncontents\n\twill\treflux\tinto\tthe\tesophagus.\nCertain\tfoods\tcan\tlower\tLES\tpressure,\tincluding\tcoffee\tand\tcarminatives\tsuch\tas\tpeppermint,\tbut
[ 0.020081758499145508, -0.0442209355533123, 0.08718281984329224, -0.003678499022498727, -0.08164173364639282, -0.0005360899958759546, 0.13309356570243835, -0.008533187210559845, -0.01042747963219881, 0.025432376191020012, 0.10141628980636597, -0.08488408476114273, 0.004345449153333902, -0.0...
more\tresearch\tis\tneeded\tto\testablish\ttheir\tclinical\tsignificance\tin\tGERD\twhen\tused\tin\tnormal\tor\nsmall\tamounts\t(\nJarosz\tand\tTaraszewska,\t2014\n;\t\nDossett\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tFermented\talcoholic\tbeverages\n(such\tas\tbeer\tand\twine)\tstimulate\tthe\tsecretion\tof\tgastric\tacid\tand\tshould\n\t...
[ 0.008278432302176952, 0.0021634495351463556, 0.06129247322678566, -0.04184034466743469, -0.10291624814271927, 0.014540070667862892, 0.07016915827989578, -0.016475951299071312, -0.01917102560400963, 0.05647050216794014, 0.11099633574485779, -0.02440929412841797, 0.0030325339175760746, 0.018...
be\tlimited.\tCarbonated\nbeverages\tenhance\tgastric\tdistention,\twhich\tincreases\ttransient\tLES\trelaxations.\tHighly\tacidic\tfoods\nsuch\tas\tcitrus\tjuices\tand\ttomatoes\tshould\tbe\tavoided\tbecause\tthey\tcause\tpain\twhen\tthe\tesophagus\tis\nalready\tinflamed.\nThe\trole\tof\tspices\tin\tthe\tpathologic\tc...
[ 0.04165780171751976, -0.041514329612255096, 0.060091812163591385, -0.036421388387680054, -0.13532276451587677, -0.032368190586566925, 0.08856814354658127, -0.013872591778635979, -0.011871974915266037, 0.05097588896751404, 0.0994030013680458, -0.035522762686014175, 0.03364725410938263, -0.0...
study\tparticipants\twith\tGERD\twere\tinitially\texposed\tto\ta\n\tcapsaicin-containing\tred\tpepper\tsauce,\tan\nincrease\tin\tboth\theartburn\tsensation\tand\tan\tenhancement\tof\tsecondary\tperistalsis\t(triggered\tby\nesophageal\tdistention\ton\tintake\tof\tfood\tor\tbeverage)\toccurred.\tHowever,\trepeating\tthe\...
[ 0.003958947025239468, -0.01120468508452177, 0.05035438761115074, -0.02386050671339035, -0.09371895343065262, -0.0020323717035353184, 0.09164445102214813, 0.025871433317661285, 0.03472747653722763, 0.03452000394463539, 0.08760835230350494, -0.019800394773483276, 0.06162068247795105, 0.04757...
exposure\tled\tto\ta\treversal\tof\tthese\teffects,\tand\tmay\tindicate\tlowered\tprotection\tfor\tthe\tesophagus\ndue\tto\tdelayed\tacid\tclearance\tin\tthose\twith\tGERD\t(\nYi\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tChewing\n\tgum\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\nincrease\tsalivary\tsecretions,\twhich\thelp\traise\tesophageal\tpH,\tbut\tstudies\...
[ 0.05829554423689842, -0.04057183489203453, 0.05450037866830826, -0.024188479408621788, -0.07336566597223282, -0.015198901295661926, 0.07838748395442963, -0.019750388339161873, 0.0011301275808364153, 0.06553930044174194, 0.1167127713561058, -0.04340706765651703, 0.05804876610636711, 0.06605...
efficacy\tcompared\twith\tother\tlifestyle\tmeasures.\tLimiting\tor\tavoiding\taggravating\tfoods\tmay\nimprove\tsymptoms\tin\tsome\tindividuals.\tThus\trecommendations\tare\tto\thave\ta\tgenerally\thealthy\tdiet\nand\tto\tavoid\tfood\titems\tthat,\tin\tthe\texperience\tof\tthe\tpatient,\ttrigger\tsymptoms.\nObesity
[ 0.04309489205479622, -0.010880191810429096, 0.010096454992890358, -0.020648565143346786, -0.08240071684122086, -0.005767397582530975, 0.05639074370265007, 0.10876329988241196, -0.02750384248793125, -0.02813665196299553, 0.09479741007089615, 0.004310589749366045, 0.04374641180038452, 0.0506...
Obesity\n\tis\ta\tcontributing\tfactor\tto\tGERD\tand\thiatal\thernia\tbecause\tit\tincreases\tintragastric\npressure,\tand\tweight\treduction\tmay\treduce\tacid\tcontact\ttime\tin\tthe\tesophagus,\tleading\tto\tdecreased\nreflux\tsymptoms.\tAdvising\tpatients\twho\thave\treflux\tepisodes\tat\tnight\tto\televate\tthe\t...
[ 0.04002248868346214, -0.045851536095142365, 0.015207650139927864, 0.059556227177381516, -0.09025437384843826, -0.015998149290680885, 0.08989207446575165, 0.0072499909438192844, -0.0491609126329422, -0.006605829112231731, 0.08487001061439514, -0.026904063299298286, 0.011913994327187538, -0....
by\t6\tto\t8\tinches\tusing\tblocks\tunder\tbed\tposts\tis\trecommended.\tFurther,\tfrequent\tbending\tover\nshould\tbe\tavoided.\n\tUse\tof\tloose-fitting\tgarments\tin\tthe\twaist\tarea\tis\talso\tthought\tto\tdecrease\tthe\trisk\nof\treflux.\nA\tfew\trecent\tstudies\thave\tshown\tan\timprovement\tof\tGERD\tsymptoms\...
[ -0.007261498831212521, -0.028651781380176544, 0.05126049742102623, -0.011555527336895466, -0.07950980216264725, -0.014467653818428516, 0.07994592189788818, -0.008669646456837654, -0.02055693045258522, 0.05237341672182083, 0.06359636783599854, -0.025555169209837914, 0.04930221289396286, -0....
carbohydrate\tdiet.\tOne\tsmall\tstudy\tconducted\tin\tTaiwan\tfound\tstatistical\tdifferences\tin\tsymptoms\tof\nGERD\tpatients\tbased\ton\twhether\ta\t500\tmL\tliquid\tmeal\tprovided\t84.8\tgrams\tversus\t178.8\tgrams\tof\ncarbohydrates,\n\twhile\tboth\tcontained\tequal\tamounts\tof\tprotein\tand\tfat.\tAcid-reducing...
[ 0.037666965276002884, -0.06495123356580734, 0.06479575484991074, -0.024389520287513733, -0.11263509094715118, 0.000502273382153362, 0.0746513158082962, 0.04852041229605675, -0.016686441376805305, 0.011260396800935268, 0.07467103004455566, -0.012413687072694302, 0.04286675155162811, 0.01381...
were\tprohibited\tduring\tthe\tstudy\tperiod.\tEndoscopy\texaminations,\t24-hour\tpH\tmonitoring,\tand\nreflux\tsymptoms\twere\trecorded\tand\tincluded\tbut\twere\tnot\tlimited\tto\theartburn,\tacid\tregurgitation,\nand\tabdominal\tdiscomfort.\tFor\tthe\tparticipants\tin\tthe\tlow-carbohydrate\tgroup,\tshorter\tacid\tr...
[ 0.04193514958024025, -0.06322716176509857, 0.05008700489997864, -0.0009169711265712976, -0.0754753053188324, -0.014319691807031631, 0.07615147531032562, 0.049242667853832245, -0.019837679341435432, -0.019211124628782272, 0.08186476677656174, 0.0140006635338068, 0.03538580983877182, 0.03800...
periods\tand\tfewer\tacid-reflux\n\tsymptoms\twere\tdemonstrated\t(\nWu\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tAlthough\tthere\tare\nlimited\tstudies\texploring\tthe\timpact\tof\tthe\tlow-carbohydrate\tdiet\ton\tresolution\tof\tGERD\tsymptoms,\npromising\tresults\tsuch\tas\tthese\twarrant\tfurther\tresearch.\nUse\tof\ttobacco\tproducts\t...
[ 0.002893193857744336, -0.07750747352838516, 0.05374595895409584, 0.0025509607512503862, -0.07707534730434418, 0.007386382203549147, 0.07626698166131973, 0.0298199113458395, -0.013809713535010815, 0.0177982896566391, 0.07216504961252213, -0.011241346597671509, 0.04898207262158394, 0.0050545...
because\tit\tis\tassociated\twith\tdecreased\tLES\tpressure\tand\tdecreased\tsalivation,\tthus\n\tcausing\nprolonged\tacid\tclearance.\tSmoking\ttobacco\tproducts\talso\tcompromises\tGI\tintegrity\tand\tincreases\nthe\trisk\tof\tesophageal\tand\tother\tcancers.\tLifestyle\tchanges\tto\ttreat\tGERD\tin\tinfants\tmay\tin...
[ 0.03591899573802948, -0.039217621088027954, 0.09471402317285538, 0.010236553847789764, -0.07572972029447556, -0.0020497937221080065, 0.1201014295220375, -0.02070586383342743, 0.0653151348233223, 0.07365062087774277, 0.09911307692527771, -0.09254704415798187, 0.019733982160687447, -0.014066...
combination\tof\tfeeding\tchanges\tand\tpositioning\ttherapy.\tModifying\tthe\tmaternal\tdiet\tif\tinfants\tare\nbreastfed,\tchanging\tformulas,\tand\treducing\tthe\tfeeding\tvolume\twhile\tincreasing\tthe\tfrequency\tof\nfeedings\n\tmay\tbe\teffective\tstrategies\tto\taddress\tGERD\tin\tinfants.\tThickened\tfeedings\t...
[ 0.05141749605536461, -0.048069193959236145, 0.07460388541221619, -0.020741168409585953, -0.11469598859548569, 0.037131570279598236, 0.07806607335805893, -0.03258714824914932, 0.004161774180829525, 0.0800262987613678, 0.09990612417459488, -0.05185175687074661, 0.03273214027285576, 0.0058635...
decrease\tobserved\tregurgitation\trather\tthan\tthe\tactual\tnumber\tof\treflux\tepisodes.\tLittle\tis\tknown\nabout\tthe\teffect\tof\tthickening\tformula\ton\tthe\thistory\tof\tinfantile\treflux\tor\tthe\tpotential\tallergenicity\nof\tcommercial\tthickening\tagents\t(\nLightdale\tand\tGremse,\t2013\n).\nIdentificatio...
[ 0.04261181503534317, -0.02148999273777008, 0.08712246268987656, -0.011173655278980732, -0.07107117772102356, 0.014647042378783226, 0.042789362370967865, 0.025046592578291893, 0.04274386912584305, 0.0804099515080452, 0.10006975382566452, -0.008168335072696209, 0.01948477141559124, 0.0348398...
).\nIdentification\tand\ttreatment\tof\tthe\tmechanism\n\tunderlying\tthe\tGERD\tis\tthe\tfirst\tline\tof\ttherapy.\tA\ncombined\tapproach\tof\tlifestyle\tchanges,\tnutrition,\texercise,\tand\tstress\treduction\tcan\tbe\teffective\tin\nreducing\tsymptoms\tin\tsome\tpatients.\t\nBoxes\t26.3\n\tand\t\n26.4\n\tcontain\tin...
[ 0.03486565500497818, -0.034575846046209335, 0.06524523347616196, -0.002757993061095476, -0.12213645130395889, 0.00801142118871212, 0.12415347993373871, -0.010303789749741554, -0.014967665076255798, 0.03244387358427048, 0.08347789943218231, -0.0062097408808767796, 0.0030310938600450754, 0.0...
Boxes\t26.3\n\tand\t\n26.4\n\tcontain\tinformation\tabout\tdiet\tand\nlifestyle\tmodifications\tand\tintegrative\tapproaches\tto\thelp\treduce\tsymptoms\tof\tGERD.\nBOX\t26.3\nNutrition\tCare\tGuidelines\tfor\tReducing\tGastroesophageal\nReflux\tand\tEsophagitis\n1.\t\nNutrition\tRecommendations:\n•\t\nAvoid\tlarge,\thi...
[ 0.03574845939874649, -0.059018488973379135, 0.026046138256788254, 0.04265119135379791, -0.07408248633146286, 0.010717001743614674, 0.09465404599905014, 0.010712663643062115, -0.06477996706962585, 0.012547490186989307, 0.06050823628902435, -0.029518594965338707, 0.015048631466925144, -0.025...
•\t\nAvoid\tlarge,\thigh-fat\tmeals\tand\tdecrease\tgreasy\tfoods.\n•\t\nAvoid\teating\t2\tto\t3\thours\tbefore\tlying\tdown.\n•\t\nAvoid\tchocolate,\tmint,\ttomatoes,\tand\ttomato\tproducts.\n•\t\nAvoid\tcaffeine-containing\tfoods\tand\tbeverages.\n•\t\nAvoid\talcoholic\tbeverages.\n•\t\nAvoid\tacidic\tand\thighly\tsp...
[ -0.014533272944390774, -0.049111656844615936, 0.05827726423740387, 0.0268253143876791, -0.047617193311452866, 0.01792716048657894, 0.07891582697629929, 0.013394689187407494, -0.054176099598407745, 0.009851815178990364, 0.08479579538106918, -0.05111362040042877, 0.05359390750527382, -0.0290...
•\t\nConsume\ta\twell-balanced\tdiet\twith\tadequate\tfiber.\n•\t\nConsider\tweight\tloss\tif\toverweight\tor\tobese.\n•\t\nChoose\tsmaller,\tmore\tfrequent\tmeals\trather\tthan\tthree\tlarger\tmeals\teach\tday.\n2.\t\nLifestyle\tRecommendations:\n•\t\nElevate\tthe\thead\tof\tbed\tby\t6\tto\t8\tinches\tfor\tindividuals...
[ 0.00806827936321497, -0.06466575711965561, 0.04039301350712776, -0.02529159002006054, -0.11446411162614822, -0.013092832639813423, 0.06100153177976608, -0.023503348231315613, -0.010886250995099545, 0.0546143539249897, 0.09025699645280838, -0.06332945823669434, 0.056065600365400314, 0.00893...
night.\n•\t\nQuit\tsmoking\tand\tavoid\tsecondhand\tsmoke\tand\talcoholic\tbeverages.\n•\t\nReduce\toverall\tstress\tlevels\twhen\tpossible.\n•\t\nWear\tloose-fitting\tclothing\n\taround\tthe\tstomach\tarea,\tas\ttight\tor\tconstricting\tclothing\ncan\tworsen\treflux.\nData\tfrom\tNational\tDigestive\tDiseases\tInforma...
[ 0.02472637966275215, -0.04739357531070709, 0.091639943420887, 0.05475090071558952, -0.08333171904087067, -0.02473791129887104, 0.09106498956680298, -0.02764946036040783, -0.014668617397546768, 0.0071654110215604305, 0.07374991476535797, -0.06619284301996231, 0.028859365731477737, 0.0021908...