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Evaluation\tof\tthe\tbasophil\tactivation\ttest\tand\n\tskin\tprick\ntesting\tfor\tthe\tdiagnosis\tof\tfood\tallergy\n\tClin\tExp\tAllergy\t8,\t2018;48:\t1025-1034.\nAsai\tY,\tEslami\tA,\tvan\tGinkel\tCD.\tet\tal.\t\nGenome-wide\tassociation\tstudy\tand\tmeta-analysis\tin\tmultiple\npopulations\tidentifies\tnew\tloci\t... | [
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factor\tfor\tfood\tallergy\n\tJ\tAllergy\tClin\tImmunol\t2018;141:\t991-1001.\nAsaumi\tT,\tEbisawa\tM.\t\nHow\tto\tmanage\n\tfood\tdependent\texercise\tinduced\tanaphylaxis\t(FDEIA)\n\tCurr\nOpinion\tin\tAllergy\tClin\tImmunol\t2018;18:\t243-247. | [
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26\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tfor\nupper\tgastrointestinal\ttract\ndisorders\nDeeAnna\tWales\tVanReken,\tMS,\tRDN,\tCD,\tIFNCP\nKEY\tTERMS\nachalasia\nachlorhydria\nachylia\tgastrica\nacid\tpocket\natrophic\tgastritis\nBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(BE)\nbezoar\nBillroth\tI\t(gastroduodenostomy)\nBillroth\tII\t(gastrojejuno... | [
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0.01286... |
cannabinoid\thyperemesis\tsyndrome\ndumping\tsyndrome\nduodenal\tulcer\ndyspepsia\ndysphagia\nendoscopy\nesophagectomy\nesophagitis\nesophagogastroduodenoscopy\t(EGD)\nfunctional\tdyspepsia\ngastrectomy\ngastric\tpull-up\ngastric\tulcer\ngastritis\ngastroesophageal\treflux\t(GER)\ngastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GE... | [
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gastroparesis\nheartburn\nHelicobacter\tpylori\nhematemesis\nhiatal\thernia\nlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\nmelena\nmucosa-associated\tlymphoid\ttissue\t(MALT)\nNissen\n\tfundoplication\nodynophagia\nparietal\tcells\nparietal\tcell\tvagotomy\npeptic\tulcer\tdisease | [
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pyloroplasty\nRome\tIV\tcriteria\nRoux-en-Y\nscintigraphy\nstress\tulcer\nupper\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(UES)\nvagotomy\nvagotomy,\ttruncal\nvagus\tnerve\nThe\tupper\tgastrointestinal\ttract\tis\tthe\tportion\tof\tthe\talimentary\tcanal\tcontaining\tthe\tesophagus,\nstomach,\tand\tduodenum.\tAlong\twith\tthose\tsegment... | [
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cavity\twill\talso\tbe\tincluded\tas\trelevant\nin\tthis\tchapter.\nDigestive\tdisorders\tof\tboth\tthe\tupper\tand\tlower\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract,\tare\tamong\tthe\tmost\ncommon\tproblems\tin\thealth\tcare\t(see\t\nChapter\t27\n).\tBetween\t60\tand\t70\tmillion\tpeople\tare\taffected\tby | [
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Chapter\t27\n).\tBetween\t60\tand\t70\tmillion\tpeople\tare\taffected\tby\nall\tdigestive\tdiseases,\twith\tover\t48\tmillion\tambulatory\tcare\tvisits\tmade\tannually\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\nalone\t(\nNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth\t[NIH],\t2014\n).\tAs\tdigestive\tdisorders\tare\tthe\tleading\tcause\tof\tall | [
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).\tAs\tdigestive\tdisorders\tare\tthe\tleading\tcause\tof\tall\nemergency\tdepartment\tvisits,\t8.8%\tor\tmore\tthan\t12,000\tpatients\tpresented\twith\tstomach\tand\nabdominal\tpain,\tcramps,\tand\tspasms\tin\t2015\talone\t(\nCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\n[CDC],\t2015\n).\tMore\tthan\t20\tmillion\t... | [
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performed\teach\tyear\t(\nCDC,\t2015\n).\tDietary\thabits\tand\tspecific\tfoods\n\tcan\tplay\tan\timportant\trole\tin\tthe\nonset,\ttreatment,\tand\tprevention\tof\tmany\tGI\tdisorders.\tMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tis\tintegral\tin\tthe\nprevention\tand\ttreatment\tof\tmalnutrition\tand\tdeficiencies\tthat\tcan\tdevel... | [
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Diet\tand\tlifestyle\tmodifications\tcan\timprove\ta\tpatient’s\tquality\tof\tlife\tby\talleviating\tGI\tsymptoms\tand\ndecreasing\tthe\tnumber\tof\thealth\tcare\tvisits\tand\tcosts\tassociated\n\twith\tGI\tdisease.\nThe\tesophagus\nThe\tesophagus\tis\ta\tmuscular\ttube\twith\tan\taverage\tlength\tof\t25\tcm\tin\tadult... | [
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Fig.\t26.1\n),\twith\tthe\nsingle\tbut\timportant\tfunction\tof\tdelivering\tsolids\tand\tliquids\tfrom\tthe\tmouth\tto\tthe\tstomach.\tIt\tis\nlined\twith\tnonkeratinized\tstratified\tsquamous\tepithelium,\tand\tsubmucosal\tglands\tsecrete\tmucin,\nbicarbonate,\tepidermal\tgrowth\tfactor,\tand\tprostaglandin\tE\n2\n,\... | [
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2\n,\twhich\tprotect\n\tthe\tmucosa\tfrom\tgastric\nacid.\nFIG.\t26.1\nNormal\tesophagus.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.)\nThe\ttop\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\tconnected\tto\tthe\tpharynx,\tand\tthe\tbottom\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\nconnected\tto\tthe\tstomach\tat\tthe\tcardia.\tIt\tis\thighly\tmusc... | [
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facilitate\tthe\tpassage\tof\tfood.\tAs\ta\tbolus\tof\tfood\tis\tmoved\tvoluntarily\tfrom\tthe\tmouth\tto\tthe\tpharynx,\nthe\t\nupper\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(UES)\n\trelaxes,\tthe\tfood\tmoves\tinto\tthe\tesophagus,\tand\tperistaltic\nwaves\tmove\tthe\tbolus\tdown\tthe\tesophagus;\tthe\t\nlower\tesophageal\tsphincter... | [
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lower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\n\trelaxes\tto\nallow\tthe\tfood\tbolus\tto\tpass\tinto\tthe\tstomach.\tThe\tesophageal\ttransit\ttime\ttakes\tan\taverage\tof\t5\nseconds\twhen\tin\tan\tupright\tposition,\tand\tup\tto\t30\tseconds\twhen\tin\ta\tsupine\tposition\t(\nla\tRoca-\nChiapas\tand\tCordova-Fraga,\t2011\n).\... | [
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0.0396... |
la\tRoca-\nChiapas\tand\tCordova-Fraga,\t2011\n).\nThe\tnormal\tesophagus\thas\n\ta\tmultitiered\tdefense\tsystem\tthat\tprevents\ttissue\tdamage\tfrom | [
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exposure\tto\tgastric\tcontents,\tincluding\tLES\tcontraction,\tnormal\tgastric\tmotility,\tesophageal\tmucus,\ntight\tcellular\tjunctions,\tand\tcellular\tpH\tregulators.\tMusculoskeletal\tdisorders\tand\tmotility\tdisorders\nmay\tresult\tin\tdysphagia.\tFor\texample,\t\nachalasia\n\tis\tcharacterized\tby\ta\tfailure\... | [
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resulting\tin\ta\tloss\tof\tability\n\tto\trelax\tthe\tLES\tand\thave\tnormal\tperistalsis.\nGastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD)\tand\tesophagitis\nEtiology\nGastroesophageal\treflux\t(GER)\n\tis\tconsidered\ta\tnormal\tphysiologic\tprocess\tthat\toccurs\tseveral\ntimes\ta\tday\tin\thealthy\tinfants,\tchildren,\t... | [
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relaxation\tof\tthe\tLES\tindependent\tof\tswallowing,\twhich\tpermits\tgastric\tcontents\tto\tenter\tthe\nesophagus.\tLimited\tinformation\tis\tknown\tabout\tthe\tnormal\tphysiology\tof\tGER\tin\tinfants,\tbut\nregurgitation\tand\tspitting\tup,\tas\tthe\tmost\tvisible\tsymptom,\tis\treported\tto\toccur\tdaily\tin\t50%... | [
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infants\t(\nLightdale\tand\tGremse,\t2013\n).\nGastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD)\n\tis\ta\tmore\tserious,\tchronic\tform\tof\tGER,\twith\nsymptoms\tor\tcomplications\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\treflux\tof\tgastric\tcontents\tinto\tthe\n\tesophagus\tor\nbeyond,\tand\teven\tinto\tthe\toral\tcavity\t(including\tlarynx)... | [
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heartburn\n\t(painful,\tburning\tsensation\tthat\tradiates\tup\tbehind\tthe\tsternum\tof\tfairly\tshort\tduration)\nand/or\tregurgitation,\tat\tleast\tonce\ta\tweek.\tPrevalence\tis\tworldwide,\tmay\tbe\tincreasing\tover\ttime,\nand\tvaries\tby\tgeographic\tlocation.\tThe\tfollowing\tprevalence\testimates\twere\tpublis... | [
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a\t2014\nreview\tof\texisting\tepidemiologic\tstudies:\tNorth\tAmerica\t18%\tto\t28%;\tEurope\t9%\tto\t26%;\tMiddle\nEast\t9%\tto\t33%;\tAustralia\t12%;\tEast\tAsia\t3%\tto\t8%\t(\nEl-Serag\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nEsophagogastroduodenoscopy\t(EGD)\n\tuses\ta\tfiberoptic\tendoscope\tto\tdirectly\tvisualize\tand\nexamine\tth... | [
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Focus\tOn:\nEndoscopy\tand\tCapsules\n).\tGERD\tcan\tbe\tclassified\n\tas\tnonerosive\tdisease\t(NERD),\tindicating\tthe\npresence\tof\tsymptoms\twithout\tabnormalities\tor\terosions,\tor\terosive\tdisease\t(ERD),\twith\tsymptoms\nand\terosions\tpresent.\tERD\tgenerally\tis\tassociated\twith\tmore\tsevere\tand\tprolong... | [
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0.0621... |
compared\twith\tNERD\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nSome\tpatients\texperience\tGERD\tsymptoms\tprimarily\tin\tthe\tevening\t(nocturnal\tGERD),\twhich\thas\ta\ngreater\timpact\ton\tquality\tof\tlife\n\tcompared\twith\tdaytime\tsymptoms.\tNocturnal\tGERD\tis\tassociated\nsignificantly\twith\tsevere\t\nesophagitis\n\t(infl... | [
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0.0806... |
(inflammation\tof\tthe\tesophagus)\tand\tBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(an\nintestinal\tmetaplasia\tdescribed\tin\tfurther\tdetail\tlater\tin\tthis\tchapter)\tand\tcan\tlead\tto\tsleep\ndisturbance.\tPatients\twith\tERD\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\tbe\tmen,\tand\twomen\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\thave\tNERD.\nThere\tis\ta\tdefinite\tre... | [
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and\tobesity.\tSeveral\tmeta-analyses\tsuggest\tan\nassociation\tbetween\tbody\tmass\tindex\t(BMI),\twaist\tcircumference,\tweight\tgain,\tand\tthe\tpresence\tof\nsymptoms\tand\tcomplications\tof\tGERD.\tGERD\tis\tfrequent\tduring\tpregnancy,\tusually\tmanifesting\tas\nheartburn,\tand\tmay\tbegin\tin\tany\ttrimester.\t... | [
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0.05616126209497452,
0.013025108724832535,
-0.033973608165979385,
0.02248736284673214,
0.09144064038991928,
-0.05097857862710953,
-0.03697332367300987,
0.0137... |
increasing\tgestational\tage,\theartburn\tbefore\tpregnancy,\tand\tparity\n\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\n14\n).\tOne\tKorean\tstudy\talso\tfound\ta\tsignificant\tassociation\tbetween\tdegree\tof\tpsychosocial\tstress\tand\nreflux\tesophagitis\tseverity\t(\nSong\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nChest\tpain\tmay\tbe\t... | [
0.01802678033709526,
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0.032984085381031036,
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0.020661627873778343,
0.06357569247484207,
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0.0290518905967474,
0.11426018923521042,
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0.02193315140902996,
0.005179... |
required\tbefore\tconsidering\tGERD\tas\ta\tcause\tof\tchest\tpain.\tAlthough\tthe\tsymptoms\tof\tdysphagia\tcan\nbe\tassociated\twith\tuncomplicated\n\tGERD,\tits\tpresence\twarrants\tinvestigation\tfor\ta\tpotential\ncomplication,\tincluding\tan\tunderlying\tmotility\tdisorder,\tstricture,\tor\tmalignancy.\tPatients\... | [
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0.07084265351295471,
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0.07067934423685074,
0.028420118615031242,
0.007769116200506687,
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0.06980868428945541,
-0.038010820746421814,
0.027425218373537064,
0.06... |
disruptive\tGERD\t(daily\tor\tmore\tthan\tweekly\tsymptoms)\thave\tan\tincrease\tin\ttime\toff\twork\tand\ndecrease\tin\twork\tproductivity,\tand\ta\tdecrease\tin\tphysical\tfunctioning\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nPathophysiology\nThe\tpathophysiology\tof\tGERD\tis\tcomplex.\t\nBox\t26.1\n\tdescribes\tpossible\tmechan... | [
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0.09502529352903366,
0.027666602283716202,
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0.012815263122320175,
0.13403089344501495,
0.012987029738724232,
0.0010435627773404121,
0.06288517266511917,
0.07829942554235458,
-0.055356714874506,
0.004739808384329081,
0.0550153... |
Box\t26.1\n\tdescribes\tpossible\tmechanisms\tinvolved\tin\nGERD.\tThree\tcomponents\tmake\tup\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction:\tthe\tLES,\tthe\tcrural\tdiaphragm,\tand\nthe\tanatomic\tflap\tvalve.\tThis\tjunction\tacts\tas\tan\tantireflux\tbarrier.\tThe\tLES\tis\ta\t3-\tto\t4-cm\tsegment\nof\tcircular\tsmooth\tmuscle\... | [
0.024001745507121086,
-0.03131554275751114,
0.048545271158218384,
-0.03031196817755699,
-0.1272645890712738,
-0.03171559050679207,
0.05860235542058945,
0.02034759521484375,
0.019014481455087662,
0.05027094855904579,
0.0699801966547966,
-0.04027742147445679,
0.032782383263111115,
0.03824805... |
vary\tamong\thealthy\tindividuals,\tranging\tfrom\t10\tmm\tHg\n\tto\t35\tmm\tHg\trelative\tto\tthe\tintragastric\npressure.\tThe\tmost\tcommon\tmechanism\tfor\treflux\tis\ttransient\tLES\trelaxations,\twhich\tare\ttriggered\nby\tgastric\tdistention\tand\tserve\tto\tenable\tgas\tventing\tfrom\tthe\tstomach.\tOn\taverage... | [
0.04248744994401932,
-0.03877270594239235,
0.07230725139379501,
-0.03447724133729935,
-0.12810774147510529,
-0.02119598537683487,
0.08946547657251358,
-0.000004053904376633,
-0.020039094612002373,
0.05779910460114479,
0.07661855220794678,
-0.029548129066824913,
0.036472201347351074,
0.0213... |
relaxations\tpersist\tfor\tabout\t20\tseconds,\twhich\tis\tsignificantly\tlonger\tthan\tthe\ttypical\tswallow-\ninduced\trelaxation\t(\nBredenoord\tet\tal,\t2013\n). | [
0.04200074076652527,
-0.04282545670866966,
0.01987798698246479,
0.0012256134068593383,
-0.09771014750003815,
0.008426469750702381,
0.10976239293813705,
-0.022655433043837547,
0.012861561961472034,
0.04698188975453377,
0.08900398015975952,
0.0002551203069742769,
0.008660752326250076,
0.0255... |
BOX\t26.1\nPossible\tMechanisms\tInvolved\tin\tGastroesophageal\tReflux\nDisease\t(GERD)\n•\t\nDecreased\tsalivation\n•\t\nTransient\tlower\tesophageal\tsphincter\t(LES)\trelaxation\n•\t\nReduced\tLES\tpressure\n•\t\nImpaired\tesophageal\tacid\tclearance\n•\t\nIncreased\tesophageal\tsensitivity\n•\t\nAcid\tpocket\n•\t\n... | [
0.022437267005443573,
-0.050704360008239746,
0.043741799890995026,
-0.00754470843821764,
-0.12244468927383423,
-0.012436388991773129,
0.062333494424819946,
0.02532188408076763,
-0.003952186554670334,
0.05217314511537552,
0.09367191046476364,
0.0014409363502636552,
0.018887946382164955,
0.0... |
•\t\nIncreased\tintraabdominal\tpressure\n•\t\nDelayed\tgastric\temptying\nData\tfrom\tBeaumont\tH\tet\tal:\tThe\tposition\tof\n\tthe\tacid\tpocket\tas\ta\tmajor\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tacidic\treflux\tin\nhealthy\tsubjects\tand\tpatients\twith\tGORD,\t\nGut\n\t59:441,\t2010;\tBredenoord\tAJ\tet\tal:\tGastroesophageal\tref... | [
0.02790112793445587,
-0.015186387114226818,
0.00925555732101202,
-0.06184601038694382,
-0.12907113134860992,
-0.0033195356372743845,
0.0837136059999466,
0.01858602650463581,
-0.001980420434847474,
0.004498579539358616,
0.09363527595996857,
-0.007517754565924406,
0.03753391653299332,
0.0222... |
disease,\t\nLancet\n\t381:1933,\t2013;\tPenagini\tR,\tBravi\tI:\tThe\trole\tof\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tand\timpaired\nesophageal\tmotility,\t\nBest\tPract\tRes\tClin\tGastroenterol\n\t24:831,\t2010.\nFor\treflux\tto\ttake\tplace,\tpressure\tin\tthe\tproximal\tstomach\n\tmust\tbe\tgreater\tthan\tthe\tpressure\tin\t... | [
0.0008072335040196776,
-0.05464893579483032,
0.017111457884311676,
-0.0211153756827116,
-0.1139334887266159,
-0.0037169314455240965,
0.07398766279220581,
0.07609555125236511,
-0.020335648208856583,
0.04117763787508011,
0.08932474255561829,
0.018902529031038284,
0.03723395988345146,
0.02355... |
must\tbe\tgreater\tthan\tthe\tpressure\tin\tthe\nesophagus.\tPatients\twith\tchronic\trespiratory\tdisorders,\tsuch\tas\tchronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\ndisease\t(COPD),\tare\tat\trisk\tfor\tGERD\tbecause\tof\tfrequent\tincreases\tin\tintraabdominal\tpressure.\tA\nchronically\tincreased\tpressure\talso\tis\tseen\tduri... | [
-0.0005131235811859369,
-0.005798023194074631,
0.04959605634212494,
-0.0291850958019495,
-0.07784320414066315,
0.022138364613056183,
0.07522821426391602,
0.007236724253743887,
-0.024696361273527145,
0.03959619998931885,
0.13972964882850647,
-0.06215338408946991,
0.03305800259113312,
0.0753... |
Hypersensitivity\tto\tacid\tcan\toccur\tin\tpeople\twith\terosive\tesophagitis\n\tand\tin\tthose\twith\tnormal\nmucosa.\tA\tfactor\tcontributing\tto\tincreased\tesophageal\tsensitivity\tto\tacid\tis\timpaired\tmucosal\tbarrier\nfunction.\tIn\ta\tsystematic\treview,\tthe\toverall\trate\tof\tgastric\temptying\twas\tdelay... | [
0.04735773056745529,
-0.052747614681720734,
0.051101263612508774,
0.002025621011853218,
-0.10972734540700912,
-0.03173067793250084,
0.11814440786838531,
0.02780013717710972,
-0.023120122030377388,
0.021099336445331573,
0.10902609676122665,
-0.03858937323093414,
0.0482768639922142,
0.047319... |
GERD\t(\nPenagini\tand\tBravi,\t2010\n).\tHowever,\ta\trelationship\tbetween\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tand\nincreased\treflux\tcould\tnot\tbe\tseen\tin\tthis\tstudy,\tsuggesting\tthat\timpaired\n\temptying\tof\tthe\tstomach\nas\ta\twhole\tis\tnot\tan\timportant\tdeterminant\tof\tGER.\nGood\tperistaltic\tfunction\tis... | [
0.027386918663978577,
-0.03782801702618599,
0.08368989080190659,
-0.023653537034988403,
-0.0773705244064331,
-0.016291072592139244,
0.10907479375600815,
0.02580978348851204,
0.007361124735325575,
0.04764001816511154,
0.11306757479906082,
-0.024002252146601677,
0.04672455042600632,
0.038676... |
clearance\tcorrelates\twith\tthe\tseverity\tof\tesophagitis\tand\tthe\tpresence\tof\tcomplications\tsuch\tas\nBarrett’s\tesophagus.\tAn\toccurrence\tduring\tthe\tpostprandial\tperiod\tknown\tas\t\nacid\tpocket\n\tis\ta\tlayer\nof\tunbuffered,\thighly\tacidic\tgastric\n\tjuice\tat\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction,\tready... | [
0.04798101261258125,
-0.012199994176626205,
0.045320212841033936,
-0.02147572487592697,
-0.11166423559188843,
0.0075863138772547245,
0.06758251786231995,
-0.025786811485886574,
0.05461613088846207,
0.033347632735967636,
0.08895988017320633,
-0.04506291076540947,
0.030643954873085022,
0.020... |
juice\tat\tthe\tesophagogastric\tjunction,\tready\tto\treflux\tdue\tto\tthe\nabsence\tof\tperistaltic\tcontraction\tin\tthe\tproximal\tstomach.\nProlonged\tacid\texposure\tcan\tresult\tin\tesophagitis,\tesophageal\terosions,\tulceration,\tscarring, | [
0.03645116463303566,
-0.09933243691921234,
0.02675645239651203,
-0.012263660319149494,
-0.13144084811210632,
-0.0038729931693524122,
0.08074209094047546,
-0.016007667407393456,
0.011248904280364513,
0.0030217566527426243,
0.12311158329248428,
-0.07178808748722076,
-0.021558627486228943,
0.... |
stricture,\tand\tin\tsome\tcases\tdysphagia\t(see\t\nPathophysiology\tand\tCare\tManagement\tAlgorithm:\nEsophagitis\n).\tAcute\tesophagitis\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\treflux,\tingestion\tof\ta\tcorrosive\tagent,\n\tviral\tor\nbacterial\tinfection,\tintubation,\tradiation,\tor\teosinophilic\tinfiltration.\tEosinophilic\teso... | [
0.03616667538881302,
-0.10077888518571854,
0.042396869510412216,
0.015040036290884018,
-0.12525694072246552,
0.0020460495725274086,
0.11690449714660645,
0.042895857244729996,
0.00985567457973957,
0.07646280527114868,
0.08882196992635727,
-0.029921501874923706,
0.03070071153342724,
0.066909... |
characterized\tby\tan\tisolated,\tsevere\teosinophilic\tinfiltration\tof\tthe\tesophagus\tmanifested\tby\tGERD-\nlike\tsymptoms\tthat\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\tan\timmune\tresponse\t(see\t\nChapter\t25\n).\nThe\tseverity\tof\tthe\tesophagitis\tresulting\tfrom\tthe\tGER\tis\tinfluenced\tby\tthe\tcomposition,\tfrequency,\nan... | [
0.0795898362994194,
-0.05099331587553024,
0.04357662796974182,
0.015236691571772099,
-0.09794002026319504,
0.014988269656896591,
0.09292098134756088,
-0.01547932531684637,
0.03792479634284973,
0.07395708560943604,
0.10349811613559723,
-0.05653053894639015,
0.026576045900583267,
0.034095913... |
and\tvolume\n\tof\tthe\tgastric\treflux;\tthe\thealth\tof\tthe\tmucosal\tbarrier;\tlength\tof\texposure\tof\tthe\nesophagus\tto\tthe\tgastric\treflux;\tand\tthe\trate\tof\tgastric\temptying.\tSymptoms\tof\tesophagitis\tand\nGERD\tmay\timpair\tthe\tability\tto\tconsume\tan\tadequate\tdiet\tand\tinterfere\twith\tsleep,\t... | [
0.07679532468318939,
-0.07420846819877625,
0.009476778097450733,
-0.0025074081495404243,
-0.09457041323184967,
-0.0005336621543392539,
0.09141028672456741,
0.0072052874602377415,
0.033017490059137344,
0.03805007040500641,
0.09580683708190918,
-0.017948688939213753,
0.0600932314991951,
0.03... |
events,\tand\tthe\toverall\tquality\tof\tlife\t(\nTable\t26.1\n).\nTABLE\t26.1\nClinical\tSymptoms\tAssociated\twith\tGastroesophageal\tReflux\n\tDisease\t(GERD)\nDental\tcorrosion\nSlow,\tprogressive\ttooth\tsurface\tloss\tassociated\twith\tacid\tregurgitation\nDysphagia\nDifficulty\tinitiating\ta\tswallow\t(oropharyn... | [
0.07046318799257278,
-0.0706603154540062,
0.06375160068273544,
0.025212815031409264,
-0.12219522148370743,
-0.010671867057681084,
0.0450858436524868,
0.029228294268250465,
0.038584981113672256,
0.03692694753408432,
0.0865505263209343,
-0.02070918306708336,
0.02434082329273224,
0.0346249192... |
hindered\tor\t“sticks”\tafter\tswallowed\t(esophageal\tdysphagia)\nHeartburn\t(pyrosis)\nPainful,\tburning\tsensation\tthat\tradiates\tup\tbehind\tthe\tsternum\tof\tfairly\tshort\tduration\nOdynophagia\nPainful\n\tswallowing\nRegurgitation\nBackflow\tof\tgastric\tcontent\tinto\tthe\tmouth\tnot\tassociated\twith\tnausea... | [
0.01914835534989834,
-0.07491648197174072,
0.057050250470638275,
-0.000513997976668179,
-0.11402367800474167,
-0.016889339312911034,
0.06573846191167831,
0.011545090936124325,
-0.021932609379291534,
0.009984465315937996,
0.0673433467745781,
-0.016390614211559296,
0.06109000742435455,
0.027... |
Noncardiac\tchest\npain\nUnexplained\tsubsternal\tchest\tpain\tresembling\ta\tmyocardial\tinfarction\twithout\nevidence\tof\tcoronary\tartery\tdisease\nExtraesophageal\nsymptoms\nChronic\tcough,\thoarseness,\treflux-induced\tlaryngitis,\tor\tasthma\nData\tfrom\tBredenoord\tAJ\tet\tal:\tGastro-esophageal\treflux\n\tdise... | [
0.008706486783921719,
-0.034370772540569305,
0.006002427544444799,
-0.01864064671099186,
-0.07711240649223328,
-0.01111560594290495,
0.008055591024458408,
0.04372890293598175,
0.015521291643381119,
0.011951389722526073,
0.06258419901132584,
-0.0457543283700943,
0.02016465924680233,
0.04506... |
disease,\t\nLancet\n\t381:1933,\t2013;\tKatz\tPO\tet\tal:\tGuidelines\tfor\tthe\tdiagnosis\tand\nmanagement\tof\tgastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease,\t\nAm\tJ\tGastrotenterol\n\t108:308,\t2013.\nBarrett’s\tesophagus\t(BE)\n\tis\ta\tprecancerous\tcondition\tin\twhich\tthe\tnormal\tsquamous\tepithelium | [
-0.017138628289103508,
0.001892023254185915,
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0.06716323643922806,
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0.03742607682943344,
0.08134337514638901,
0.004033754579722881,
-0.00971602089703083,
0.... |
is\ta\tprecancerous\tcondition\tin\twhich\tthe\tnormal\tsquamous\tepithelium\nof\tthe\tesophagus\tis\treplaced\tby\tan\tabnormal\tcolumnar-lined\tepithelium\tknown\tas\tspecialized\nintestinal\tmetaplasia\t(tissue\tthat\tis\tsimilar\tto\n\tthe\tintestinal\tlining).\tThe\texact\tcause\tof\tBE\tis | [
0.05541260540485382,
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0.06376344710588455,
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0.09759513288736343,
0.08180276304483414,
-0.05561434477567673,
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0.0893... |
the\tintestinal\tlining).\tThe\texact\tcause\tof\tBE\tis\nunknown,\tbut\tGERD\tis\ta\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tthe\tcondition.\tThe\tprevalence\tof\tBE\tis\tbetween\t0.5%\tand\t2%\nbut\tis\testimated\tto\taffect\t1.6%\tto\t6.8%\tof\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation\t(\nRunge\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tPeople\twith\tBE\nare\tat\tincreased\t... | [
0.029570894315838814,
-0.028660807758569717,
0.04127471521496773,
-0.028691843152046204,
-0.10719934850931168,
-0.008482294157147408,
0.07719928026199341,
0.005499866791069508,
0.021755361929535866,
0.05951647832989693,
0.11671797931194305,
-0.07379503548145294,
0.0246259905397892,
0.02144... |
dramatically\tover\tthe\tpast\t40\tyears\tand\tspeculated\tto\tcontinue\n\tto\trise\tduring\tcoming\tdecades\t(\nThrift\nand\tWhiteman,\t2012\n).\tRisk\tfactors\tfor\tBE\tinclude\tprolonged\thistory\tof\tGERD-related\tsymptoms\n(more\tthan\t5\tyears),\tmiddle\tage,\twhite\tmale,\tobesity,\tsmoking,\tand\tfamily\thistor... | [
-0.007661099545657635,
-0.03865687549114227,
0.07248184084892273,
-0.03098476491868496,
-0.079218290746212,
-0.017721038311719894,
0.07575523853302002,
0.007466998416930437,
-0.005299163516610861,
0.07571165263652802,
0.10067906975746155,
-0.032522883266210556,
0.03829219564795494,
0.02095... |
adenocarcinoma\tof\tthe\tesophagus.\tEstrogen\tmay\tbe\tprotective\tand\taccount\tfor\tthe\tlower\tincidence\nof\tBE\tin\tfemales\t(\nAsanuma\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nAbnormalities\tin\tthe\tbody\tsuch\tas\t\nhiatal\thernia\n\tmay\talso\tcontribute\tto\tGER\tand\tesophagitis.\tThe\nesophagus\tpasses\tthrough\tthe\tdiaphragm... | [
0.04472669959068298,
-0.027023443952202797,
0.009152126498520374,
-0.02669929899275303,
-0.10408733040094376,
-0.006241408176720142,
0.03613840788602829,
-0.01462063193321228,
0.017377108335494995,
0.11600219458341599,
0.12584426999092102,
-0.011156500317156315,
0.039631400257349014,
0.035... |
the\tesophagus\tto\tthe\thiatal\tring\tmay\tbecome\tcompromised,\tallowing\ta\tportion\tof\tthe\tupper\tstomach\nto\tmove\tabove\tthe\tdiaphragm.\t\nTable\t26.2\n\tdescribes\tthe\tfour\ttypes\tof\thiatal\thernia\tin\tgreater\tdetail.\nThe\tmost\tcommon\tsymptom\tof\thiatal\thernia\tis\theartburn.\n\tWhen\tacid\treflux\... | [
0.027402576059103012,
-0.002540188143029809,
0.017848525196313858,
-0.03655898571014404,
-0.13102282583713531,
-0.028532402589917183,
0.007798837963491678,
-0.021135497838258743,
0.01801469922065735,
0.08224307745695114,
0.07319986820220947,
-0.04191596060991287,
0.015674235299229622,
-0.0... |
When\tacid\treflux\toccurs\twith\ta\thiatal\nhernia,\tthe\tgastric\tcontents\tremain\tabove\tthe\thiatus\tlonger\tthan\tnormal.\tThe\tprolonged\tacid\nexposure\tincreases\tthe\trisk\tof\tdeveloping\tmore\tserious\tesophagitis.\t\nFig.\t26.2\n\tillustrates\ta\thiatal\nhernia\t\n(A)\n,\tand\tpostsurgical\treduction\t\n(B... | [
0.049278512597084045,
-0.023017337545752525,
0.022821981459856033,
-0.02821270190179348,
-0.13696080446243286,
0.021281050518155098,
0.027297165244817734,
-0.0014153356896713376,
0.05015362799167633,
0.0625743567943573,
0.09812089055776596,
-0.03542938455939293,
0.006951603107154369,
0.016... |
(B)\n.\tAs\tthe\thiatal\thernia\tenlarges,\tregurgitation\tmay\tbe\tmore\nprominent,\tespecially\twhen\tlying\tdown\tor\twhen\tbending\tover.\tEpigastric\n\tpain\toccurs\tin\tthe\tupper\nmiddle\tregion\tof\tthe\tabdomen\tafter\tlarge,\tenergy-dense\tmeals.\tWeight\treduction\tand\tdecreasing\nmeal\tsize\tcan\treduce\tt... | [
0.010450541041791439,
-0.0651664212346077,
0.021515900269150734,
-0.01383434608578682,
-0.12360137701034546,
0.019326038658618927,
0.07741846144199371,
-0.0006086242501623929,
-0.014569289050996304,
0.05208967998623848,
0.09445514529943466,
-0.05368680879473686,
-0.004318414255976677,
-0.0... |
FIG.\t26.2\nA,\n\tHiatal\thernia.\t\nB,\n\tPostsurgical\treduction\tof\thiatal\thernia.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.) | [
0.06272216886281967,
-0.04702061787247658,
-0.023332053795456886,
-0.055696383118629456,
-0.06302236020565033,
0.04785022512078285,
-0.07107312232255936,
-0.00693559693172574,
-0.013340023346245289,
0.09158904105424881,
0.05439936742186546,
-0.13107748329639435,
-0.06093410775065422,
-0.00... |
TABLE\t26.2\nTypes\tof\tHiatal\tHernia\nType\t1\t(sliding\thiatal\nhernia)\nMost\tcommon\ttype;\tgastroesophageal\tjunction\tis\tpushed\tabove\tthe\tdiaphragm,\ncausing\ta\tsymmetric\therniation\tof\tthe\tproximal\tstomach\nType\t2\t(true\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nFundus\tslides\tupward\tand\tmoves\tabove\n\tthe\tgastr... | [
0.03211277350783348,
-0.06589332222938538,
0.014960214495658875,
-0.012464767321944237,
-0.11702211946249008,
-0.017207592725753784,
0.04333215206861496,
0.03749735280871391,
0.030079899355769157,
0.0832236036658287,
0.07759761065244675,
-0.027547679841518402,
0.04336238279938698,
0.020263... |
the\tgastroesophageal\tjunction\nType\t3\t(mixed\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nCombined\tsliding\tand\tparaesophageal\therniation\nType\t4\t(complex\nparaesophageal\nhernia)\nLess\tcommon\tform;\tintrathoracic\therniation\tof\tother\torgans,\tsuch\tas\tthe\tcolon,\nand\tsmall\tbowel\tinto\tthe\thernia\tsac | [
0.016152983531355858,
-0.04172905907034874,
0.04162529483437538,
-0.010570627637207508,
-0.1260133981704712,
-0.030893269926309586,
0.07042768597602844,
0.002730395644903183,
0.0013650543987751007,
0.08991137146949768,
0.13875988125801086,
-0.0594903789460659,
-0.0018012956716120243,
0.043... |
and\tsmall\tbowel\tinto\tthe\thernia\tsac\nPatients\twith\ttype\t3\t(mixed\tparaesophageal)\thiatal\thernia\tmay\tpresent\twith\tsevere\tchest\tpain,\nretching,\tvomiting,\tand\t\nhematemesis\n\t(vomiting\tof\tblood),\tas\tthese\thernias\tcan\ttwist\tand\tcause\nstrangulation\tin\tthe\tchest,\tresulting\tin\ta\tsurgica... | [
0.05634406581521034,
-0.05015860125422478,
0.051876846700906754,
0.0010590085294097662,
-0.10037898272275925,
-0.03643486276268959,
0.09512727707624435,
0.03501114621758461,
0.018353411927819252,
-0.007638278417289257,
0.11069518327713013,
-0.006204358767718077,
0.030061226338148117,
0.020... |
deficiency\tanemia\twithout\tacute\tbleeding\tbecause\tthe\tdiaphragm\tbecomes\tso\tirritated\tthat\tthe\npatient\tmay\tdevelop\tchronic\tblood\tloss.\nMedical\tand\tsurgical\tmanagement\nThe\tprimary\tmedical\ttreatment\tof\tesophageal\treflux\tis\tsuppression\tof\tacid\n\tsecretion.\tThe\taim\tin | [
0.04258286580443382,
-0.01810063235461712,
0.019345758482813835,
0.02642970159649849,
-0.08549363911151886,
0.006322706583887339,
0.0668211430311203,
0.07946116477251053,
-0.044733043760061264,
0.0524267852306366,
0.0714767798781395,
-0.03694111108779907,
0.014453481882810593,
0.0128813972... |
secretion.\tThe\taim\tin\nacid-suppression\ttherapy\tis\tto\traise\tthe\tgastric\tpH\tabove\t4\tduring\tperiods\twhen\treflux\tis\tmost\tlikely\nto\toccur.\tProton\tpump\tinhibitors\t(PPIs),\twhich\tdecrease\tacid\tproduction\tby\tthe\tgastric\tparietal\tcell,\nhave\tbeen\tassociated\twith\tsuperior\thealing\trates\tan... | [
-0.018023379147052765,
-0.044421855360269547,
0.05597764626145363,
-0.0320577435195446,
-0.09255421161651611,
-0.015834536403417587,
0.07766164839267731,
0.005593047942966223,
0.051033101975917816,
0.0932449921965599,
0.11637372523546219,
-0.020385660231113434,
0.06808887422084808,
0.00437... |
Katz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tMilder\nforms\tof\treflux\tare\tmanaged\tby\tH\n2\n\treceptor\t(a\ttype\tof\thistamine\treceptor\n\ton\tthe\tgastric\tparietal\tcell)\nantagonists\tand\tantacids,\twhich\tbuffer\tgastric\tacid\tin\tthe\tesophagus\tor\tstomach\tto\treduce\nheartburn.\tProkinetic\tagents,\twhich\tincrease\tpropul... | [
-0.017869576811790466,
-0.04924224317073822,
0.019461415708065033,
-0.026591992005705833,
-0.07914775609970093,
-0.005312243476510048,
0.08086630702018738,
0.0012186839012429118,
0.019958283752202988,
0.04166986420750618,
0.0727643296122551,
-0.0006220656796358526,
0.02566571533679962,
-0.... |
persons\twith\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying.\tA\ttrial\tof\tbaclofen,\ta\tgamma-amino\tbutyric\tacid\t(GABA)\nagonist,\tcan\tbe\tconsidered\tin\tpatients\twith\tobjective\tdocumentation\tof\tcontinued\tsymptomatic\n\treflux\ndespite\toptimal\tPPI\ttherapy\t(\nKatz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tHowever,\tthere\thave\tnot\tbeen\tlon... | [
0.0018631324637681246,
-0.037632741034030914,
0.01947263441979885,
-0.0740642324090004,
-0.13910356163978577,
0.004543274641036987,
0.11172398924827576,
0.0491381511092186,
0.006827882956713438,
0.05159644037485123,
0.0918532982468605,
-0.01960931159555912,
0.06367853283882141,
0.034505706... |
published\tregarding\tefficacy\tof\tbaclofen\tin\tGERD.\tRefer\tto\t\nTable\t26.3\n\tfor\tmedications\tcommonly\nused\tin\tupper\tGI\tdisorders.\tSee\t\nAppendix\t13\n\tfor\tmore\tinformation\tabout\tthese\tmedications.\nTable\t26.3\nCommon\tMedications\tUsed\tin\tthe\tTreatment\tof\tUpper\tGastrointestinal\tTract\tDis... | [
0.021866226568818092,
-0.04175398126244545,
-0.012633586302399635,
-0.06343474239110947,
-0.09165472537279129,
0.005823505111038685,
0.06529264897108078,
0.04505738988518715,
0.00026371516287326813,
0.07294034957885742,
0.10812420397996902,
0.03557205945253372,
0.03961988911032677,
0.03983... |
Type\tof\nMedication\nCommon\tNames\nMedication\tFunction\nAntacids\nMagnesium,\tcalcium,\tor\naluminum\tbound\tto\ncarbonate,\thydroxide,\tor\nphosphate\nBuffers\tgastric\tacid\nAntigas\nSimethicone\nLowers\tsurface\ttension\tof\tgas\tbubbles\nAntidiarrheal\nDiphenoxylate\nLoperamide\nOpium\tpreparations\nDecreased\tg... | [
-0.004017628729343414,
-0.09678579866886139,
0.03268488124012947,
-0.020104868337512016,
-0.09407273679971695,
0.0013472522841766477,
0.057517584413290024,
0.06785642355680466,
-0.05305982008576393,
0.08906468003988266,
0.11262098699808121,
-0.005098394118249416,
0.036513227969408035,
0.06... |
Decreased\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\ttract\tmotility\tto\tinduce\nlower\tstool\tvolume\toutput\nAntidumping\nAcarbose\nDelays\tcarbohydrate\tdigestion\n\tby\tinhibiting\talpha-glycoside\nhydrolase,\twhich\tinterferes\twith\tconversion\tof\tstarch\tto\nmonosaccharides\nAntisecretory\nOctreotide\t(somatostatin\nanalog)\nSo... | [
0.01306295208632946,
-0.06877052783966064,
-0.02613823302090168,
0.012774817645549774,
-0.08588635921478271,
0.01866811513900757,
0.02264758199453354,
0.10268222540616989,
-0.034276679158210754,
0.04407452046871185,
0.03660300746560097,
0.01671636663377285,
0.04464499652385712,
0.025450276... |
Antisecretory\nOctreotide\t(somatostatin\nanalog)\nSomatostatin\nInhibits\trelease\tof\tinsulin\tand\tother\tgut\thormones;\tslows\nrate\tof\tgastric\temptying\tand\tsmall\tintestine\ttransit\ttime;\nand\tincreases\tintestinal\twater\tand\tsodium\tabsorption\nH\n2\n\tblocker\nCimetidine\nRanitidine\nFamotidine\nNizatid... | [
0.0026890700682997704,
-0.0825832262635231,
-0.00482619134709239,
-0.05143943056464195,
-0.03599347174167633,
0.044127821922302246,
0.07747291028499603,
0.07849548012018204,
-0.027888083830475807,
0.07652606815099716,
0.07511001080274582,
-0.00483402144163847,
0.007981529459357262,
0.09843... |
Blocks\tthe\taction\tof\thistamine\ton\tparietal\tcells,\tdecreasing\nthe\tproduction\tof\tacid\nProkinetic\nMetoclopramide\nErythromycin\nDomperidone\nIncreases\tcontractility\tof\tthe\tstomach\tand\tshortens\tgastric\nemptying\ttime\nProton\tpump\ninhibitor\n(PPI)\nOmeprazole\nLansoprazole\nEsomeprazole\nPantoprazole... | [
-0.04483974725008011,
-0.06330887228250504,
-0.0302401315420866,
-0.04494363069534302,
-0.05275505408644676,
0.03333151340484619,
0.0687079206109047,
0.1450495421886444,
0.03678010404109955,
0.05479536950588226,
0.03098803572356701,
0.04814576730132103,
0.05052923038601875,
0.0576597340404... |
Pantoprazole\nDexlansoprazole\nRabeprazole\nInhibits\tacid\tsecretion\nOf\tpatients\twith\tsevere\tGERD,\t5%\tto\t10%\tdo\n\tnot\trespond\tto\tmedical\ttherapy.\tThe\t\nNissen\nfundoplication\n\twas\tfirst\tdescribed\tas\ta\ttreatment\tfor\tsevere\treflux\tesophagitis\tin\t1956\tand\tis\tstill | [
-0.0029810562264174223,
-0.014506376348435879,
-0.032866496592760086,
-0.031239764764904976,
-0.03367769345641136,
0.0131842577829957,
0.1256941258907318,
0.11818224936723709,
0.03631208464503288,
-0.007051486987620592,
0.04404028505086899,
0.09003641456365585,
0.025108158588409424,
0.0329... |
the\tmost\tcommonly\tperformed\tantireflux\tsurgery\t(\nFig.\t26.3\n).\tDuring\tthis\tprocedure,\twhich\tcan\tbe\ndone\tusing\teither\topen\tor\ta\tlaparoscopic\ttechnique,\tthe\tfundus\tor\ttop\tportion\tof\tthe\tstomach\tis\nwrapped\t360\tdegrees\taround\tthe\tlower\tesophagus\tand\tsutured\tin\n\tplace\tto\tlimit\tr... | [
-0.002513489220291376,
-0.008232790045440197,
0.023685380816459656,
-0.05436996743083,
-0.08381293714046478,
-0.023370323702692986,
0.027542756870388985,
0.028946537524461746,
0.024940552189946175,
0.02631092071533203,
0.08474726974964142,
-0.007044720463454723,
0.0014888293808326125,
0.00... |
place\tto\tlimit\treflux\t(see\t\nFig.\n26.3\n).\tSurgical\ttherapy\tis\tconsidered\tfor\tindividuals\tfor\twhom\tmedical\tmanagement\thas\tbeen\nunsuccessful,\tthose\twho\topt\tfor\tsurgery\tto\tavoid\tlifelong\tneed\tfor\tmedication\tto\tcontrol\tsymptoms,\nthose\texperiencing\tmore\tserious\tcomplications\t(BE,\tpep... | [
0.07118137180805206,
-0.010205704718828201,
0.04286488890647888,
-0.04336274787783623,
-0.0989442989230156,
-0.02728552371263504,
0.0665893703699112,
-0.00260221678763628,
-0.0038216018583625555,
0.03060024604201317,
0.10835739970207214,
-0.022854218259453773,
0.06711278855800629,
0.007241... |
extraesophageal\tmanifestations\tthat\tinclude\tboth\tlaryngeal\tand\tpulmonary\tsymptoms\t(throat-\nclearing,\n\thoarseness,\tpostnasal\tdrip,\tcough,\tshortness\tof\tbreath,\tasthma)\t(\nYates\tand\tOelschlager,\n2015\n).\tAs\tmany\tas\t18%\tof\tthose\tundergoing\tsurgery\twill\tneed\ta\trepeat\toperation\tdue\tto | [
0.03992895781993866,
-0.04388078302145004,
0.06724008917808533,
-0.054337576031684875,
-0.140723317861557,
-0.020432468503713608,
0.058713387697935104,
0.0018082433380186558,
-0.020283205434679985,
0.05217817425727844,
0.12119106203317642,
-0.0599556602537632,
0.017517227679491043,
0.02188... |
fundoplication\tfailure.\tUnfortunately,\tfor\tthese\tpatients,\tquality\tof\tlife\tscores\tdecrease\tand\tthere\tis\nless\timprovement\tof\tdysphagia\twith\tthe\tsecond\tprocedure,\tleading\tsurgeons\tto\tconsider\tmore\ninvasive\tsurgeries\tsuch\tas\n\tRoux-en-Y\tor\tshort\tcolon\tinterposition\t(\nWilshire\tet\tal,\... | [
0.024266425520181656,
-0.03513535484671593,
0.022167114540934563,
-0.0019058838952332735,
-0.10848481953144073,
0.021957240998744965,
0.02911098673939705,
0.04100295528769493,
0.02942250855267048,
-0.030408838763833046,
0.09793483465909958,
0.001124878879636526,
0.008839140646159649,
-0.00... |
Wilshire\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tSurgical\napproaches\tin\tchildren\tare\treserved\tfor\tthose\twho\thave\tintractable\tsymptoms\tunresponsive\tto\nmedical\ttherapy\tor\twho\tare\tat\trisk\tfor\tlife-threatening\tcomplications\tof\tGERD\t(\nLightdale\tand\nGremse,\t2013\n).\tRefer\tto\t\nBox\t26.2\n\tfor\tdietary\tguidelin... | [
-0.020970985293388367,
-0.035050176084041595,
0.04488328471779823,
-0.08895289152860641,
-0.025693638250231743,
-0.022570548579096794,
0.040906939655542374,
-0.014387678354978561,
-0.013041927479207516,
0.029778340831398964,
0.08120624721050262,
-0.021568970754742622,
0.0383739173412323,
-... |
FIG.\t26.3\nNissen\tfundoplication.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(Cleveland\tClinic,\tCleveland,\tOhio.)\nBOX\t26.2\nDietary\tGuidelines\tAfter\ta\tNissen\tFundoplication\n1.\t\nStart\tclear\tliquid\tdiet\tafter\tsurgery.\n2.\t\nAdvance\toral\tdiet\tto\tsoft,\tmoist,\tsolid\tfoods.\tStarting\tsolids\tcould\tbe\tbefore\tleaving\tthe... | [
-0.006911623291671276,
-0.06695229560136795,
0.05478491261601448,
-0.06242777779698372,
-0.08844811469316483,
0.025430206209421158,
-0.0119285574182868,
0.008249825797975063,
-0.019004983827471733,
0.025093328207731247,
0.0882350280880928,
-0.02993200160562992,
0.016800113022327423,
-0.005... |
hospital\tor\twritten\tin\thospital\tdischarge\tinstructions.\n3.\t\nFollow\tsoft,\tmoist\tfoods\tdiet\tfor\tabout\t2\tmonths.\n\tFoods\tmust\tbe\tsoft\tto\tpass\tthrough\tthe\nesophagus.\n4.\t\nConsume\tsmall,\tfrequent\tmeals.\n5.\t\nSwallow\tsmall\tbites\tof\tfood\tand\tchew\tthoroughly\tto\tallow\tan\teasy\tpassage... | [
0.021030202507972717,
-0.0507807582616806,
0.03541778028011322,
-0.034616757184267044,
-0.09363079816102982,
-0.02052549459040165,
0.07675251364707947,
-0.02089381217956543,
-0.0106045575812459,
0.0397447869181633,
0.12651792168617249,
-0.015956692397594452,
0.04875841364264488,
0.01165530... |
esophagus\tand\tavoid\tuse\tof\tstraw\tto\tconsume\tliquids.\tDrink\tslowly.\n6.\t\nAvoid\tfoods\tand\tbeverages\tthat\tmay\tcause\tbackflow\tof\tstomach\tcontents.\tThis\tconsists\tof\ncitrus\tfruits\tand\tjuices,\ttomato,\tpineapple,\talcohol,\tcaffeine,\n\tchocolate,\tcarbonated\nbeverages,\tpeppermint\tor\tspearmin... | [
-0.013890591450035572,
-0.06055980548262596,
-0.014535363763570786,
0.008998206816613674,
-0.05049901828169823,
0.027738021686673164,
0.09199483692646027,
0.00022064016957301646,
0.011489690281450748,
0.004982771351933479,
0.12161862105131149,
-0.03802395984530449,
0.044328659772872925,
-0... |
containing\tfoods.\n7.\t\nAvoid\tdry\tfoods\tthat\tare\thard\tto\tpass\tthrough\tthe\tesophagus,\tsuch\tas\tbread,\tsteak,\traw\nvegetables,\trolls,\tdry\tchicken,\traw\tfruits,\tpeanut\tbutter,\tother\tdry\tmeats,\tor\tanything\twith\nskin,\tseeds,\tor\tnuts.\n8.\t\nAvoid\tany\tfood\tthat\tmay\tcause\tdiscomfort.\n9.\... | [
-0.030141916126012802,
-0.023194771260023117,
0.015295756049454212,
0.00039448158349841833,
-0.008275684900581837,
0.0025649426970630884,
0.08800872415304184,
-0.03819631040096283,
-0.014292612671852112,
0.010833928361535072,
0.11487910151481628,
-0.045675355941057205,
0.05622590333223343,
... |
8.\t\nAvoid\tany\tfood\tthat\tmay\tcause\tdiscomfort.\n9.\t\nAfter\t2\tmonths,\n\tstart\tto\tincorporate\tnew\tfoods\tinto\tthe\tdiet.\tTry\tone\tnew\tfood\titem\tor\nbeverage\tat\ta\ttime.\tBy\t3–6\tmonths,\tpatient\tshould\tbe\table\tto\ttolerate\tmost\tfoods.\n10.\t\nConsult\tdoctor\tor\tdietitian\tif\thaving\tdiffi... | [
-0.008252383209764957,
-0.04290436953306198,
0.03264753147959709,
-0.007242819294333458,
-0.09243801981210709,
0.020590854808688164,
0.06412848830223083,
0.031763046979904175,
-0.05237596109509468,
-0.004653039388358593,
0.1464313119649887,
-0.04659166932106018,
0.03849766030907631,
-0.024... |
Lifestyle\tmodifications\tand\tmedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tsymptom\tmanagement\tof\tGERD\tshould\tconsist\tof\tchanges\tin\tlifestyle,\tincluding\tdiet.\nA\trecent\tsmall\tclinical\ttrial\tfound\timprovements\tin\tNERD\tparticipants\twith\tthe\taddition\tof\tpsyllium | [
-0.0028825714252889156,
-0.0406627282500267,
0.06791254878044128,
0.008773277513682842,
-0.0622030571103096,
0.010229790583252907,
0.1130128726363182,
0.007928301580250263,
-0.028661727905273438,
0.055561043322086334,
0.10730810463428497,
-0.0639280453324318,
0.046112507581710815,
0.016404... |
fiber\tinto\tthe\tdiet\tthree\ttimes\tdaily\tfor\ta\ttotal\tof\t12.5\tgrams\tsoluble\tfiber\tper\tday.\tThose\tenrolled\tin\nthe\tstudy\twere\tselected\tif\tthey\tpreviously\tate\ta\tlow\t(<20\tg/day)\tfiber\tdiet\tat\tbaseline.\tDuring\tthe\nstudy,\tno\tother\tdietary\tchanges\twere\tmade,\tand\tPPIs,\tH\n2\n\tblocker... | [
-0.00642707385122776,
-0.09982825070619583,
0.05386534705758095,
-0.009970678016543388,
-0.07986383885145187,
-0.017016805708408356,
0.06465991586446762,
-0.007117831148207188,
-0.00735059380531311,
0.031443409621715546,
0.1089266911149025,
0.039301227778196335,
0.01637430116534233,
0.0007... |
2\n\tblockers,\tor\tprokinetics\twere\tnot\tallowed.\nThe\tresult\tdemonstrated\tthat\tdietary\tfiber\tincreased\tthe\tLES\tpressure\tand\tdecreased\ttotal\treflux\nepisodes\tin\tparticipants\t(\nMorozov\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tBesides\tdiet,\tother\timportant\tfactors\tthat\ttrigger\nreflux\tsymptoms\tare\tcaffeine,\talco... | [
0.008394026197493076,
-0.06867759674787521,
0.023401396349072456,
-0.019016889855265617,
-0.10778199881315231,
0.010781466960906982,
0.09563768655061722,
0.042986854910850525,
-0.021101996302604675,
0.04196787253022194,
0.09703376889228821,
-0.0069120354019105434,
0.04540826007723808,
0.02... |
meal\tsize\tand\tcontent.\tEating\tsmall\trather\tthan\tlarge\tmeals\treduces\tthe\tprobability\tthat\tgastric\ncontents\n\twill\treflux\tinto\tthe\tesophagus.\nCertain\tfoods\tcan\tlower\tLES\tpressure,\tincluding\tcoffee\tand\tcarminatives\tsuch\tas\tpeppermint,\tbut | [
0.020081758499145508,
-0.0442209355533123,
0.08718281984329224,
-0.003678499022498727,
-0.08164173364639282,
-0.0005360899958759546,
0.13309356570243835,
-0.008533187210559845,
-0.01042747963219881,
0.025432376191020012,
0.10141628980636597,
-0.08488408476114273,
0.004345449153333902,
-0.0... |
more\tresearch\tis\tneeded\tto\testablish\ttheir\tclinical\tsignificance\tin\tGERD\twhen\tused\tin\tnormal\tor\nsmall\tamounts\t(\nJarosz\tand\tTaraszewska,\t2014\n;\t\nDossett\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tFermented\talcoholic\tbeverages\n(such\tas\tbeer\tand\twine)\tstimulate\tthe\tsecretion\tof\tgastric\tacid\tand\tshould\n\t... | [
0.008278432302176952,
0.0021634495351463556,
0.06129247322678566,
-0.04184034466743469,
-0.10291624814271927,
0.014540070667862892,
0.07016915827989578,
-0.016475951299071312,
-0.01917102560400963,
0.05647050216794014,
0.11099633574485779,
-0.02440929412841797,
0.0030325339175760746,
0.018... |
be\tlimited.\tCarbonated\nbeverages\tenhance\tgastric\tdistention,\twhich\tincreases\ttransient\tLES\trelaxations.\tHighly\tacidic\tfoods\nsuch\tas\tcitrus\tjuices\tand\ttomatoes\tshould\tbe\tavoided\tbecause\tthey\tcause\tpain\twhen\tthe\tesophagus\tis\nalready\tinflamed.\nThe\trole\tof\tspices\tin\tthe\tpathologic\tc... | [
0.04165780171751976,
-0.041514329612255096,
0.060091812163591385,
-0.036421388387680054,
-0.13532276451587677,
-0.032368190586566925,
0.08856814354658127,
-0.013872591778635979,
-0.011871974915266037,
0.05097588896751404,
0.0994030013680458,
-0.035522762686014175,
0.03364725410938263,
-0.0... |
study\tparticipants\twith\tGERD\twere\tinitially\texposed\tto\ta\n\tcapsaicin-containing\tred\tpepper\tsauce,\tan\nincrease\tin\tboth\theartburn\tsensation\tand\tan\tenhancement\tof\tsecondary\tperistalsis\t(triggered\tby\nesophageal\tdistention\ton\tintake\tof\tfood\tor\tbeverage)\toccurred.\tHowever,\trepeating\tthe\... | [
0.003958947025239468,
-0.01120468508452177,
0.05035438761115074,
-0.02386050671339035,
-0.09371895343065262,
-0.0020323717035353184,
0.09164445102214813,
0.025871433317661285,
0.03472747653722763,
0.03452000394463539,
0.08760835230350494,
-0.019800394773483276,
0.06162068247795105,
0.04757... |
exposure\tled\tto\ta\treversal\tof\tthese\teffects,\tand\tmay\tindicate\tlowered\tprotection\tfor\tthe\tesophagus\ndue\tto\tdelayed\tacid\tclearance\tin\tthose\twith\tGERD\t(\nYi\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tChewing\n\tgum\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\nincrease\tsalivary\tsecretions,\twhich\thelp\traise\tesophageal\tpH,\tbut\tstudies\... | [
0.05829554423689842,
-0.04057183489203453,
0.05450037866830826,
-0.024188479408621788,
-0.07336566597223282,
-0.015198901295661926,
0.07838748395442963,
-0.019750388339161873,
0.0011301275808364153,
0.06553930044174194,
0.1167127713561058,
-0.04340706765651703,
0.05804876610636711,
0.06605... |
efficacy\tcompared\twith\tother\tlifestyle\tmeasures.\tLimiting\tor\tavoiding\taggravating\tfoods\tmay\nimprove\tsymptoms\tin\tsome\tindividuals.\tThus\trecommendations\tare\tto\thave\ta\tgenerally\thealthy\tdiet\nand\tto\tavoid\tfood\titems\tthat,\tin\tthe\texperience\tof\tthe\tpatient,\ttrigger\tsymptoms.\nObesity | [
0.04309489205479622,
-0.010880191810429096,
0.010096454992890358,
-0.020648565143346786,
-0.08240071684122086,
-0.005767397582530975,
0.05639074370265007,
0.10876329988241196,
-0.02750384248793125,
-0.02813665196299553,
0.09479741007089615,
0.004310589749366045,
0.04374641180038452,
0.0506... |
Obesity\n\tis\ta\tcontributing\tfactor\tto\tGERD\tand\thiatal\thernia\tbecause\tit\tincreases\tintragastric\npressure,\tand\tweight\treduction\tmay\treduce\tacid\tcontact\ttime\tin\tthe\tesophagus,\tleading\tto\tdecreased\nreflux\tsymptoms.\tAdvising\tpatients\twho\thave\treflux\tepisodes\tat\tnight\tto\televate\tthe\t... | [
0.04002248868346214,
-0.045851536095142365,
0.015207650139927864,
0.059556227177381516,
-0.09025437384843826,
-0.015998149290680885,
0.08989207446575165,
0.0072499909438192844,
-0.0491609126329422,
-0.006605829112231731,
0.08487001061439514,
-0.026904063299298286,
0.011913994327187538,
-0.... |
by\t6\tto\t8\tinches\tusing\tblocks\tunder\tbed\tposts\tis\trecommended.\tFurther,\tfrequent\tbending\tover\nshould\tbe\tavoided.\n\tUse\tof\tloose-fitting\tgarments\tin\tthe\twaist\tarea\tis\talso\tthought\tto\tdecrease\tthe\trisk\nof\treflux.\nA\tfew\trecent\tstudies\thave\tshown\tan\timprovement\tof\tGERD\tsymptoms\... | [
-0.007261498831212521,
-0.028651781380176544,
0.05126049742102623,
-0.011555527336895466,
-0.07950980216264725,
-0.014467653818428516,
0.07994592189788818,
-0.008669646456837654,
-0.02055693045258522,
0.05237341672182083,
0.06359636783599854,
-0.025555169209837914,
0.04930221289396286,
-0.... |
carbohydrate\tdiet.\tOne\tsmall\tstudy\tconducted\tin\tTaiwan\tfound\tstatistical\tdifferences\tin\tsymptoms\tof\nGERD\tpatients\tbased\ton\twhether\ta\t500\tmL\tliquid\tmeal\tprovided\t84.8\tgrams\tversus\t178.8\tgrams\tof\ncarbohydrates,\n\twhile\tboth\tcontained\tequal\tamounts\tof\tprotein\tand\tfat.\tAcid-reducing... | [
0.037666965276002884,
-0.06495123356580734,
0.06479575484991074,
-0.024389520287513733,
-0.11263509094715118,
0.000502273382153362,
0.0746513158082962,
0.04852041229605675,
-0.016686441376805305,
0.011260396800935268,
0.07467103004455566,
-0.012413687072694302,
0.04286675155162811,
0.01381... |
were\tprohibited\tduring\tthe\tstudy\tperiod.\tEndoscopy\texaminations,\t24-hour\tpH\tmonitoring,\tand\nreflux\tsymptoms\twere\trecorded\tand\tincluded\tbut\twere\tnot\tlimited\tto\theartburn,\tacid\tregurgitation,\nand\tabdominal\tdiscomfort.\tFor\tthe\tparticipants\tin\tthe\tlow-carbohydrate\tgroup,\tshorter\tacid\tr... | [
0.04193514958024025,
-0.06322716176509857,
0.05008700489997864,
-0.0009169711265712976,
-0.0754753053188324,
-0.014319691807031631,
0.07615147531032562,
0.049242667853832245,
-0.019837679341435432,
-0.019211124628782272,
0.08186476677656174,
0.0140006635338068,
0.03538580983877182,
0.03800... |
periods\tand\tfewer\tacid-reflux\n\tsymptoms\twere\tdemonstrated\t(\nWu\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tAlthough\tthere\tare\nlimited\tstudies\texploring\tthe\timpact\tof\tthe\tlow-carbohydrate\tdiet\ton\tresolution\tof\tGERD\tsymptoms,\npromising\tresults\tsuch\tas\tthese\twarrant\tfurther\tresearch.\nUse\tof\ttobacco\tproducts\t... | [
0.002893193857744336,
-0.07750747352838516,
0.05374595895409584,
0.0025509607512503862,
-0.07707534730434418,
0.007386382203549147,
0.07626698166131973,
0.0298199113458395,
-0.013809713535010815,
0.0177982896566391,
0.07216504961252213,
-0.011241346597671509,
0.04898207262158394,
0.0050545... |
because\tit\tis\tassociated\twith\tdecreased\tLES\tpressure\tand\tdecreased\tsalivation,\tthus\n\tcausing\nprolonged\tacid\tclearance.\tSmoking\ttobacco\tproducts\talso\tcompromises\tGI\tintegrity\tand\tincreases\nthe\trisk\tof\tesophageal\tand\tother\tcancers.\tLifestyle\tchanges\tto\ttreat\tGERD\tin\tinfants\tmay\tin... | [
0.03591899573802948,
-0.039217621088027954,
0.09471402317285538,
0.010236553847789764,
-0.07572972029447556,
-0.0020497937221080065,
0.1201014295220375,
-0.02070586383342743,
0.0653151348233223,
0.07365062087774277,
0.09911307692527771,
-0.09254704415798187,
0.019733982160687447,
-0.014066... |
combination\tof\tfeeding\tchanges\tand\tpositioning\ttherapy.\tModifying\tthe\tmaternal\tdiet\tif\tinfants\tare\nbreastfed,\tchanging\tformulas,\tand\treducing\tthe\tfeeding\tvolume\twhile\tincreasing\tthe\tfrequency\tof\nfeedings\n\tmay\tbe\teffective\tstrategies\tto\taddress\tGERD\tin\tinfants.\tThickened\tfeedings\t... | [
0.05141749605536461,
-0.048069193959236145,
0.07460388541221619,
-0.020741168409585953,
-0.11469598859548569,
0.037131570279598236,
0.07806607335805893,
-0.03258714824914932,
0.004161774180829525,
0.0800262987613678,
0.09990612417459488,
-0.05185175687074661,
0.03273214027285576,
0.0058635... |
decrease\tobserved\tregurgitation\trather\tthan\tthe\tactual\tnumber\tof\treflux\tepisodes.\tLittle\tis\tknown\nabout\tthe\teffect\tof\tthickening\tformula\ton\tthe\thistory\tof\tinfantile\treflux\tor\tthe\tpotential\tallergenicity\nof\tcommercial\tthickening\tagents\t(\nLightdale\tand\tGremse,\t2013\n).\nIdentificatio... | [
0.04261181503534317,
-0.02148999273777008,
0.08712246268987656,
-0.011173655278980732,
-0.07107117772102356,
0.014647042378783226,
0.042789362370967865,
0.025046592578291893,
0.04274386912584305,
0.0804099515080452,
0.10006975382566452,
-0.008168335072696209,
0.01948477141559124,
0.0348398... |
).\nIdentification\tand\ttreatment\tof\tthe\tmechanism\n\tunderlying\tthe\tGERD\tis\tthe\tfirst\tline\tof\ttherapy.\tA\ncombined\tapproach\tof\tlifestyle\tchanges,\tnutrition,\texercise,\tand\tstress\treduction\tcan\tbe\teffective\tin\nreducing\tsymptoms\tin\tsome\tpatients.\t\nBoxes\t26.3\n\tand\t\n26.4\n\tcontain\tin... | [
0.03486565500497818,
-0.034575846046209335,
0.06524523347616196,
-0.002757993061095476,
-0.12213645130395889,
0.00801142118871212,
0.12415347993373871,
-0.010303789749741554,
-0.014967665076255798,
0.03244387358427048,
0.08347789943218231,
-0.0062097408808767796,
0.0030310938600450754,
0.0... |
Boxes\t26.3\n\tand\t\n26.4\n\tcontain\tinformation\tabout\tdiet\tand\nlifestyle\tmodifications\tand\tintegrative\tapproaches\tto\thelp\treduce\tsymptoms\tof\tGERD.\nBOX\t26.3\nNutrition\tCare\tGuidelines\tfor\tReducing\tGastroesophageal\nReflux\tand\tEsophagitis\n1.\t\nNutrition\tRecommendations:\n•\t\nAvoid\tlarge,\thi... | [
0.03574845939874649,
-0.059018488973379135,
0.026046138256788254,
0.04265119135379791,
-0.07408248633146286,
0.010717001743614674,
0.09465404599905014,
0.010712663643062115,
-0.06477996706962585,
0.012547490186989307,
0.06050823628902435,
-0.029518594965338707,
0.015048631466925144,
-0.025... |
•\t\nAvoid\tlarge,\thigh-fat\tmeals\tand\tdecrease\tgreasy\tfoods.\n•\t\nAvoid\teating\t2\tto\t3\thours\tbefore\tlying\tdown.\n•\t\nAvoid\tchocolate,\tmint,\ttomatoes,\tand\ttomato\tproducts.\n•\t\nAvoid\tcaffeine-containing\tfoods\tand\tbeverages.\n•\t\nAvoid\talcoholic\tbeverages.\n•\t\nAvoid\tacidic\tand\thighly\tsp... | [
-0.014533272944390774,
-0.049111656844615936,
0.05827726423740387,
0.0268253143876791,
-0.047617193311452866,
0.01792716048657894,
0.07891582697629929,
0.013394689187407494,
-0.054176099598407745,
0.009851815178990364,
0.08479579538106918,
-0.05111362040042877,
0.05359390750527382,
-0.0290... |
•\t\nConsume\ta\twell-balanced\tdiet\twith\tadequate\tfiber.\n•\t\nConsider\tweight\tloss\tif\toverweight\tor\tobese.\n•\t\nChoose\tsmaller,\tmore\tfrequent\tmeals\trather\tthan\tthree\tlarger\tmeals\teach\tday.\n2.\t\nLifestyle\tRecommendations:\n•\t\nElevate\tthe\thead\tof\tbed\tby\t6\tto\t8\tinches\tfor\tindividuals... | [
0.00806827936321497,
-0.06466575711965561,
0.04039301350712776,
-0.02529159002006054,
-0.11446411162614822,
-0.013092832639813423,
0.06100153177976608,
-0.023503348231315613,
-0.010886250995099545,
0.0546143539249897,
0.09025699645280838,
-0.06332945823669434,
0.056065600365400314,
0.00893... |
night.\n•\t\nQuit\tsmoking\tand\tavoid\tsecondhand\tsmoke\tand\talcoholic\tbeverages.\n•\t\nReduce\toverall\tstress\tlevels\twhen\tpossible.\n•\t\nWear\tloose-fitting\tclothing\n\taround\tthe\tstomach\tarea,\tas\ttight\tor\tconstricting\tclothing\ncan\tworsen\treflux.\nData\tfrom\tNational\tDigestive\tDiseases\tInforma... | [
0.02472637966275215,
-0.04739357531070709,
0.091639943420887,
0.05475090071558952,
-0.08333171904087067,
-0.02473791129887104,
0.09106498956680298,
-0.02764946036040783,
-0.014668617397546768,
0.0071654110215604305,
0.07374991476535797,
-0.06619284301996231,
0.028859365731477737,
0.0021908... |
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