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Appendix\t15\n).\nThe\tmanufacture\tand\tlabeling\tof\tenteral\tformulas\tare\tregulated\tby\tthe\tFood\tand\tDrug\tAdministration\n(FDA),\twhich\tclassifies\tenteral\tformulas\tas\tmedical\tfoods\t(a\tsubclassification\tof\tfoods\tfor\tspecial\tdietary\nuse).\tAs\tsuch,\tthese\tproducts\tare\texempt\tfrom\tspecific\tn...
[ 0.024490900337696075, -0.00039541436126455665, 0.017005449160933495, -0.0729355663061142, -0.04312209039926529, -0.010598933324217796, 0.06798247992992401, 0.03969419002532959, -0.0017437011701986194, 0.047066036611795425, 0.11459493637084961, -0.017418691888451576, 0.05185747891664505, 0....
Federal\tRegulations.\tThe\tproducts\tmust\tbe\tlabeled\tas\t“intended\tto\tbe\tused\n\tunder\tmedical\tsupervision”\n(\nFDA,\t2014\n).
[ 0.03325940668582916, -0.03184722363948822, 0.01118096150457859, -0.03462947905063629, -0.05440976843237877, 0.052392877638339996, 0.05703031271696091, 0.06484735012054443, 0.011840121820569038, 0.04647151008248329, 0.04942456632852554, -0.0036709532141685486, -0.016691114753484726, -0.0064...
Manufacturers\tare\tnot\tobligated\tto\tregister\tenteral\tproducts\twith\tthe\tFDA\tor\tobtain\tFDA\tapproval\tbefore\nplacing\tthem\ton\tthe\tmarket.\tMany\tEN\tformulas\tlack\trigorous\tscientific\tevidence\tto\tsupport\ttheir\tspecific\ncomposition,\tand\ttheir\tmarketing\tmaterials\tare\tnot\tsubject\tto\tthe\trig...
[ 0.001764354296028614, -0.029517780989408493, -0.0033387886360287666, -0.06477242708206177, -0.059251949191093445, 0.0018674250459298491, 0.052457332611083984, 0.05304490402340889, 0.010901893489062786, 0.019323403015732765, 0.10917392373085022, -0.0059290602803230286, 0.055374566465616226, ...
drugs.\tEvaluation\tof\tthe\tefficacy\tof\tEN\n\tproducts\tand\tthe\tstatements\tmade\tin\tmarketing\tmaterials\tand\tby\ncompany\trepresentatives\trequires\tthe\tattention\tof\tqualified\tregistered\tdietitian\tnutritionists\t(RDNs).\tRDNs\nshould\tevaluate\tclaims\tof\tpharmacologic\teffects\tand\tother\tspecific\tbe...
[ 0.030229948461055756, -0.0632595494389534, 0.009177673608064651, -0.033640723675489426, -0.06244482472538948, 0.021464543417096138, 0.11955095082521439, 0.044607557356357574, -0.009201787412166595, 0.03813512995839119, 0.06357752531766891, -0.020177574828267097, 0.05501016974449158, 0.0375...
choosing\ta\tspecific\tproduct\tfor\ta\tformulary\tor\tfor\ta\tspecific\tpatient\t(\nBox\t12.2\n).\nBOX\t12.2\nFactors\tto\tConsider\tWhen\n\t\nChoosing\tan\tEnteral\tFormula\nAbility\tof\tthe\tformula\tto\tmeet\tthe\tpatient’s\tnutrient\trequirements\nCaloric\tand\tprotein\tdensity\tof\tthe\tformula\t(i.e.,\tkcal/mL,\...
[ -0.002029088791459799, -0.036640070378780365, 0.010895436629652977, -0.03779827430844307, -0.05554452911019325, 0.004814893007278442, 0.06408823281526566, 0.12100386619567871, 0.02052965946495533, 0.01401470322161913, 0.0839286744594574, 0.000533941260073334, 0.04950762167572975, 0.0562175...
Gastrointestinal\tfunction\nSodium,\tpotassium,\tmagnesium,\tand\tphosphorus\tcontent\tof\tthe\tformula,\tespecially\tfor\tpatients\twith\ncardiopulmonary,\trenal,\tor\thepatic\tfailure\nForm\tand\tamount\tof\tprotein,\tfat,\tcarbohydrate,\n\tand\tfiber\tin\tthe\tformula\trelative\tto\tthe\tpatient’s\ndigestive\tand\ta...
[ 0.021671326830983162, -0.07415439933538437, 0.04504788666963577, 0.001153835211880505, -0.10617943853139877, -0.00870768167078495, 0.07883007824420929, 0.04945186525583267, -0.012949611991643906, 0.015277542173862457, 0.09174812585115433, -0.01937442272901535, 0.026345087215304375, 0.03992...
Cost\teffectiveness\tof\tformula\nPatient\tcompliance\nCost-to-benefit\tratio\nBlenderized\t(homemade)\ttube\tfeedings\nTube\tfeedings\tmade\tfrom\tcommon\tingredients\tsuch\tas\teggs,\tsugar,\tand\twine\thave\tbeen\tused\tsince\tthe\n1500s.\tBlenderized\ttube\tfeedings\t(BTFs)\twere\tcommonly\tused\tin\tthe\tUnited\tS...
[ -0.03251628577709198, -0.01642255298793316, 0.042822711169719696, 0.008635812439024448, -0.08051608502864838, -0.011014733463525772, 0.05106687173247337, -0.0020289418753236532, 0.007348697632551193, 0.0659480020403862, 0.0907207801938057, -0.04175451770424843, 0.06364503502845764, -0.0170...
first\nhalf\tof\tthe\ttwentieth\tcentury\t(\nVassilyadi\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tClinicians\toften\tare\tconcerned\tabout\tnutritional\nadequacy,\tfood\tsafety,\tand\tthe\tadditional\tburden\tpreparation\tof\tBTF\tplaces\ton\tthe\tcaregivers.\tAdvantages\nof\tBTF\tmay\tinclude\tcost\teffectiveness\t(because\tcommercial\tfor...
[ 0.0025554089806973934, -0.03851974755525589, 0.07535497099161148, -0.03624725341796875, -0.09314675629138947, 0.02501867525279522, 0.06230231747031212, -0.02917351946234703, 0.023372100666165352, 0.04461425170302391, 0.10121338814496994, -0.04036638140678406, 0.050148554146289825, 0.018545...
health\tbenefits\tfrom\tusing\twhole\tfoods,\tand\tability\tto\ttailor\tthe\tformula\texactly\n\tto\tpatient\tneeds.\tThe\tsocial\nbond\tbetween\tthe\tcaregiver\twho\tprepares\tthe\tfeeding\t(possibly\tfrom\tfoods\tserved\tto\tthe\trest\tof\tthe\tfamily)\nand\tthe\tpatient\talso\tis\tcited\tas\ta\tstrong\tdriver\tfor\t...
[ 0.000393644324503839, -0.008532557636499405, 0.05843065306544304, 0.019487319514155388, -0.09122681617736816, 0.015897881239652634, 0.06980834156274796, 0.016036102548241615, -0.01167941652238369, -0.027175338938832283, 0.13998273015022278, -0.012153572402894497, 0.051089607179164886, -0.0...
of\ta\tsmall\tsample\tof\thome\tEN\tpatients\tat\tthe\tMayo\tClinic\tin\tRochester,\tMN,\twanted\tto\tuse\tBTF\t(\nHurt\tet\tal,\n2015\n).\tIn\tthe\tlast\tseveral\tyears,\tseveral\tcommercially\n\tprepared\tBTF\thave\tappeared\ton\tthe\tmarket,\tsuch\tas\nLiquid\tHope™\tand\tReal\tFood\tBlends™.\tCompleat\n®\n\thas\tbe...
[ 0.0016088614938780665, -0.044403910636901855, 0.02855221927165985, -0.05898648127913475, -0.1089104488492012, 0.01256913784891367, 0.10326071083545685, 0.03192666172981262, 0.029961716383695602, -0.0018638899782672524, 0.10290038585662842, 0.031327903270721436, 0.07141546159982681, 0.00036...
®\n\thas\tbeen\tmarketed\tby\tNestle\tfor\ta\tnumber\tof\tyears,\tand\nAbbott\tNutrition\twill\tsoon\tmarket\ta\tBTF.\nHomemade\tBTFs\tare\tcontraindicated\tfor\tpatients\twho\tare\timmunocompromised\tand\tshould\tbe\thung\tfor\nno\tmore\tthan\t2\thours.\tAll\tBTF\tmay\tbe\tcontraindicated\tfor\tinfusion\tthrough\ttube...
[ -0.044843826442956924, 0.016161732375621796, 0.010804200544953346, -0.08165404945611954, -0.0792878046631813, 0.005849971901625395, 0.08823487162590027, 0.05881752446293831, 0.0010236077941954136, 0.024754362180829048, 0.0457640215754509, 0.02597859874367714, 0.06887682527303696, 0.0377113...
for\n\tcontinuous\tfeeding\t(unless\tthe\trecommended\tformula\thang\ttime\tis\tfollowed),\tif\ta\tfluid\trestriction\tof\tless\nthan\t900\tmL/day\tis\trequired,\tin\tcases\tof\tmultiple\tfood\tallergies,\tand\tif\ta\tjejunostomy\ttube\t(JT)\tis\tused\n(\nNovak\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\tSome\tstate\tregulations\tprohibit\tus...
[ -0.02102908305823803, -0.019949210807681084, 0.08179595321416855, -0.0598054900765419, -0.07893358170986176, 0.01697002910077572, 0.047600068151950836, 0.015561184845864773, 0.011433334089815617, 0.029644284397363663, 0.09275132417678833, -0.033572666347026825, 0.01854635402560234, 0.04251...
New\nDirections\n:\tPureed\tby\tGastrostomy\tTube—the\tPBGT\tDiet\n).\n\t\nNEW\tDIRECTIONS\nPureed\tby\tGastrostomy\tTube—the\tPBGT\tDiet\nThe\tPureed\tby\tGastrostomy\t(G)\tTube\t(PBGT)\tDiet\tis\ta\tspecialized,\tnutritionally\tbalanced\tblended\tfood\nfeeding\tgiven\tby\tG-tube.\tIt\twas\toriginally\tdesigned\tto\td...
[ -0.02436034381389618, -0.1165614053606987, 0.024125030264258385, -0.049011245369911194, -0.14398381114006042, -0.0024120050948113203, 0.07126504182815552, 0.023894334211945534, -0.005217651836574078, 0.060514405369758606, 0.12560413777828217, 0.02283637784421444, 0.009382355026900768, -0.0...
gagging\twhich\tcan\tbe\ta\tcomplication\tof\ta\tNissen\tFundoplication\tsurgery.\tIn\taddition\tto\timproving\ntolerance\tof\tbolus\tfeeds\tfor\tindividuals\n\twho\tare\tvolume\tsensitive,\tthe\tPBGT\tdiet\tis\talso\tused\tby\tfamilies\nseeking\tan\talternative\tto\tcommercial\tformulas.\nThe\tgoals\tof\tthe\tPBGT\tdi...
[ 0.02734258398413658, -0.050648268312215805, 0.09402361512184143, -0.029307225719094276, -0.08852247893810272, -0.010932537727057934, 0.08993348479270935, -0.0222989022731781, 0.034594904631376266, 0.024002542719244957, 0.09201094508171082, -0.02732551097869873, 0.03615020960569382, 0.03484...
The\tgoals\tof\tthe\tPBGT\tdiet\tare\tto:\n•\t\nDecrease\tfrequency\tof\tgastrostomy\ttube\tfeedings\tand\ttransition\tfrom\tdrip\tfeedings\n•\t\nMeet\tall\tnutritional\tand\tfluid\trequirements\n•\t\nImprove\tweight\tgain,\tgrowth,\tand\toverall\tnutritional\tstatus\n•\t\nEncourage\tincreased\topportunities\tfor\toral...
[ 0.012086455710232258, -0.025329310446977615, 0.03905867040157318, 0.01269994955509901, -0.09279941767454147, 0.02082519605755806, 0.07464633882045746, 0.04004163667559624, -0.02680634893476963, 0.05387824773788452, 0.09729748964309692, -0.00994838960468769, -0.00786888599395752, 0.03283628...
•\t\nEncourage\tincreased\topportunities\tfor\toral\tintake\n•\t\nImprove\tand\tsustain\tquality\tof\tlife\tfor\tindividuals\tand\ttheir\tfamilies\nThe\tPBGT\tdiet\tis\tdifferent\tfrom\tthe\tusual\tblended\ttube\tfeeding\tin\tthat\tit\tis\tcalculated\tand\tformulated\nby\ta\tregistered\tdietitian\tnutritionist\t(RDN)\t...
[ 0.027224333956837654, -0.03265821561217308, 0.05636177211999893, -0.008378583006560802, -0.0865173265337944, 0.008258461020886898, 0.09753907471895218, -0.026343628764152527, -0.01197613775730133, 0.0643618106842041, 0.10070167481899261, -0.06013884022831917, 0.044627029448747635, 0.023439...
small,\tcalorie-dense\tgastrostomy\ttube\tboluses,\tthereby\teliminating\tthe\tneed\tand\tcost\tfor\ta\tfeeding\npump.\tIn\taddition\n\tto\tthe\teasier\tpreparation\tof\tthe\tPBGT,\tspecial\tattention\tis\talso\tgiven\tto\tthe\tvariety\tof\nfoods,\tnutrient\tcontent,\tcost,\tand\tease\tof\tthe\t5-\tto\t10-minute\tbolus...
[ 0.004729174077510834, -0.08128088712692261, 0.07653586566448212, -0.01928168162703514, -0.10023183375597, 0.007380273193120956, 0.07690969109535217, 0.012740189209580421, -0.0201749037951231, 0.04797976836562157, 0.10772417485713959, -0.06834009289741516, 0.029538806527853012, 0.0107111288...
Pentiuk\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\nThe\tuse\tof\tStage\t2\tinfant\tfoods\tpromotes\tconsistency\tin\tthe\tviscosity\tof\tthe\tdiet,\tprovides\tavailability\nand\taffordability,\tand\teliminates\tthe\tneed\tfor\tan\texpensive\tblender.\tThey\tcan\tbe\tpremeasured\tand\nindividually\tsealed\tin\tcontainers\tthat\tcan\tbe\teasil...
[ 0.01541181281208992, -0.052931979298591614, 0.06215052306652069, -0.005018724128603935, -0.10608486086130142, -0.018337827175855637, 0.11715976148843765, -0.01126078050583601, -0.015171369537711143, 0.04775135591626167, 0.12314459681510925, -0.030667630955576897, 0.04650098457932472, 0.028...
hospital\tpolicy.\tFamilies\tcan\tbe\teducated\ton\tthe\teasy\tpreparation\tmethod\tand\tproper\tstorage,\talong\nwith\tadditional\tfluid\tand\tvitamin\tand\tmineral\tsupplementation\tguidelines\t(\nO’Flaherty\tet\tal,\t2011\n;\nO’Flaherty,\t2015\n).\nTherese\tO’Flaherty\tMS,\tRDN,\tCSP,\tLD\nProtein
[ -0.034305788576602936, -0.045973457396030426, 0.060079313814640045, -0.03879949823021889, -0.09121966361999512, -0.005613991059362888, 0.09836825728416443, 0.005054767243564129, 0.01090112142264843, 0.009175337851047516, 0.11239637434482574, -0.004125823732465506, 0.02451915852725506, 0.03...
The\tamount\tof\tprotein\n\tin\tavailable\tcommercial\tenteral\tformulas\tvaries\tfrom\t6%\tto\t37%\tof\ttotal\tkilocalories.\nThe\tprotein\ttypically\tis\tderived\tfrom\tcasein,\twhey,\tor\tsoy\tprotein\tisolate.\tStandard\tformulas\tprovide\tintact\nprotein;\telemental\tformulas\tcontain\tdi-\tand\ttripeptides\tand\t...
[ 0.01933198794722557, -0.0672939270734787, 0.02791537158191204, -0.0366651713848114, -0.10317464917898178, 0.014731810428202152, 0.06857699155807495, 0.03994280472397804, 0.04341571405529976, 0.058440644294023514, 0.12248340994119644, -0.03414696455001831, 0.02042965777218342, 0.06056762114...
Specialized\tformulas\t(that\tare\tmarketed\tfor\thepatic\tor\tsevere\trenal\tfailure\tor\tfor\tcases\tof\tmultiple,\n\tsevere\nallergies)\tusually\tinclude\tcrystalline\tamino\tacids.\nSpecific\tamino\tacids\tmay\tbe\tadded\tto\tsome\tenteral\tformulas.\tBranched\tchain\tamino\tacids\thave\tbeen
[ 0.029951877892017365, -0.0653301477432251, 0.04895574972033501, -0.03621490299701691, -0.14252755045890808, -0.033825915306806564, 0.0786832794547081, 0.053283337503671646, -0.026700932532548904, 0.02164449170231819, 0.08476299792528152, -0.03403622657060623, 0.0061163874343037605, 0.06793...
used\tin\tformulas\tfor\tpatients\twith\tsevere\thepatic\tdisease,\tand\targinine\thas\tbeen\tadded\tto\tformulas\nmarketed\tfor\tcritically\till\tpatients.\tStrong\tevidence\tto\tsupport\tthese\tadditions\tis\tnot\tavailable.\t(See\nChapter\t37\n\tfor\tfurther\tdiscussion.)\nCarbohydrate
[ 0.0029331911355257034, -0.06465423107147217, -0.009014567360281944, -0.03419653698801994, -0.09692410379648209, 0.00022255603107623756, 0.09010046720504761, 0.08720926940441132, 0.018304016441106796, 0.0016967892879620194, 0.08483367413282394, 0.01963214762508869, -0.003278259886428714, 0....
Chapter\t37\n\tfor\tfurther\tdiscussion.)\nCarbohydrate\nCarbohydrate\tcontent\tin\tenteral\tformulas\tvaries\tfrom\t30%\tto\t85%\tof\tkilocalories.\tCorn\tsyrup\tsolids\ntypically\tare\tused\tin\tstandard\tformulas.\tSucrose\tis\tadded\tto\tflavored\tformulas\tthat\tare\tmeant\tfor\toral\nconsumption.\tHydrolyzed\tfor...
[ -0.032666511833667755, -0.0423557311296463, 0.0053208256140351295, -0.05568592622876167, -0.05785614997148514, 0.022949833422899246, 0.021944737061858177, 0.020559828728437424, 0.031038407236337662, 0.04980961233377457, 0.10167289525270462, -0.0017728599486872554, 0.01400504820048809, -0.0...
Carbohydrate\tor\tfiber\tthat\tcannot\tbe\tprocessed\tby\thuman\tdigestive\tenzymes\tis\tadded\tfrequently\n\tto\nenteral\tformulas.\tFibers\tare\tclassified\tas\twater\tsoluble\t(pectins\tand\tgums)\tor\twater\tinsoluble\t(cellulose\tor\nhemicellulose).\tThe\teffectiveness\tof\tdifferent\tfibers\tadded\tto\tenteral\tf...
[ -0.01703653857111931, -0.07636280357837677, 0.0337369479238987, -0.009252248331904411, -0.051518283784389496, 0.020751016214489937, 0.0660068690776825, 0.0280092004686594, 0.01571737602353096, 0.051335617899894714, 0.0944054126739502, -0.048045843839645386, 0.0376177579164505, 0.0279173646...
critically\till\tpatients\tis\tcontroversial.\tThe\tAdult\tCritical\tIllness\tguidelines,\tin\tthe\tEvidence\tAnalysis\tLibrary\nof\tthe\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics\t(\nAND\tand\tEAL,\t2012\n),\n\tsuggests\tthat\tthe\tRDN\t“consider\tusing\nsoluble\tfiber\tto\tprevent\tand/or\tmanage\tdiarrhea.”
[ -0.010830170474946499, -0.008493544533848763, 0.041494838893413544, -0.04661412164568901, -0.07055828720331192, 0.043670106679201126, 0.06360843032598495, 0.03733513876795769, 0.012284770607948303, 0.014922050759196281, 0.08221031725406647, 0.025579784065485, 0.012255915440618992, 0.031269...
soluble\tfiber\tto\tprevent\tand/or\tmanage\tdiarrhea.”\nFructooligosaccharides\t(FOS),\twhich\tare\tprebiotics,\thave\tbeen\tadded\tto\tenteral\tformulas,\toften\tin\ncombination\twith\ta\tsource\tof\tdietary\tfiber,\tfor\tmore\tthan\t15\tyears.\tMore\trecently\tinulin,\tanother
[ -0.02903185598552227, -0.07318124175071716, 0.033686958253383636, -0.028872068971395493, -0.0200243778526783, -0.0027425498701632023, 0.0809277892112732, 0.06509958952665329, -0.0020736821461468935, 0.02186805009841919, 0.1361193209886551, -0.05479094758629799, 0.023276466876268387, 0.0704...
fermentable\toligosaccharide,\thas\tbeen\tadded\tto\tsome\tenteral\tformulas.\tBoth\tFOS\tand\tinulin\tare\tassociated\nwith\tfermentable\n\toligosaccharides,\tdisaccharides,\tmonosaccharides,\tand\tpolyols\t(FODMAPs),\twhich\tare\npoorly\tabsorbed\tshort-chain\tcarbohydrates\t(\nEscuro\tand\tHummell,\t2016\n).
[ -0.02009308524429798, -0.060280073434114456, 0.010924541391432285, 0.03133147582411766, -0.05161622539162636, 0.03261247277259827, 0.07367769628763199, 0.013385300524532795, 0.01185163389891386, 0.08259677141904831, 0.08056855946779251, -0.04809994623064995, -0.008650737814605236, 0.023820...
Escuro\tand\tHummell,\t2016\n).\nFOS\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\tstimulate\tthe\tproduction\tof\tbeneficial\tbifidobacteria,\tand\twhen\tcombined\twith\ndietary\tfiber\tmay\tproduce\tbeneficial\tchanges\tin\tcolonic\tpH,\tfecal\tmicrobiota,\tand\tshort-chain\tfatty\tacid\nconcentrations.\tAnimal\tmodels\tprovide\n\tevidenc...
[ 0.005918279755860567, -0.020401889458298683, 0.058228977024555206, -0.03774169832468033, -0.02803833782672882, 0.037059031426906586, 0.04385054484009743, 0.007106511853635311, 0.006790250539779663, 0.0709039717912674, 0.12655380368232727, -0.07284391671419144, 0.028088584542274475, 0.02768...
against\t\nClostridium\tdifficile\n.\tUse\tof\tformulas\twith\ta\thigh\tFODMAPs\tcontent\tmay\texacerbate\tand\tplay\ta\trole\nin\tdiarrhea,\tespecially\tin\tindividuals\twho\treceive\tantibiotics\tthat\taffect\tthe\tintestinal\tmicrobiome\t(\nEscuro\nand\tHummell,\t2016\n).\nThe\tSociety\tof\tCritical\tCare\tMedicine\...
[ 0.006464178673923016, -0.04639935493469238, 0.03255234658718109, -0.00607785489410162, -0.05584860220551491, 0.0016428256640210748, 0.018724588677287102, 0.08897700160741806, -0.010673231445252895, 0.05620938539505005, 0.07101328670978546, 0.01774642989039421, 0.010808832943439484, 0.03254...
be\tused\troutinely”\tin\tadult\tcritically\till\tpatients\t“to\tpromote\tregularity\tor\tprevent\tdiarrhea”\tand\talso\t“to\nconsider\ta\tfermentable\tsoluble\tfiber\tadditive\t(FOS,\tinulin)\tfor\troutine\tuse\tin\tall\tstable\tMICU/SICU\tpatients\nplaced\ton\tstandard\tenteral\tformulations\tif\tthere\tis\tevidence\...
[ -0.004047973081469536, -0.023013107478618622, 0.049561068415641785, -0.054713282734155655, -0.11396432667970657, 0.016704799607396126, 0.07085694372653961, 0.037596166133880615, -0.008100863546133041, 0.020595142617821693, 0.09524339437484741, -0.014838183298707008, 0.02056962437927723, 0....
McClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nAll\tcommercially\tavailable\tenteral\tformulas\tare\tlactose\tfree,\tbecause\tlactase\tinsufficiency\n\tmay\tbe\nencountered\tin\tacutely\till\tpatients.\t(Atkinson\tand\tWorthley,\t2003).\nLipid\nLipid\tcontent\tof\tenteral\tformulas\tvaries\tfrom\t1.5%\tto\t55%\tof\tthe\ttotal\tkilocalori...
[ -0.0035991433542221785, -0.07106693834066391, 0.008197659626603127, -0.012928543612360954, -0.12532983720302582, 0.054623812437057495, 0.06574656814336777, 0.060811400413513184, 0.03188705816864967, -0.00814867950975895, 0.09862703830003738, -0.033784572035074234, -0.01478771772235632, 0.0...
lipid\tas\t(typically)\tcanola,\tsoybean,\tand/or\tsafflower\toil\tprovides\tbetween\t15%\tand\t30%\tof\tthe\ttotal\nkilocalories.\tElemental\tformulas\tcontain\tminimal\tamounts\tof\tfat,\ttypically\tin\tthe\tform\tof\tmedium-chain\ntriglycerides\t(MCTs)\trather\tthan\tlong-chain\ttriglycerides\t(LCTs).
[ -0.021294759586453438, -0.09690501540899277, 0.004181417636573315, -0.007120400667190552, -0.0763038769364357, -0.02890787273645401, 0.02677183598279953, 0.05623588338494301, 0.002803321462124586, -0.022054893895983696, 0.10187821835279465, -0.04145226627588272, -0.04585687443614006, -0.02...
triglycerides\t(MCTs)\trather\tthan\tlong-chain\ttriglycerides\t(LCTs).\nMost\tof\tthe\tlipid\tin\tstandard\tenteral\tformulas\tis\tin\tthe\tform\tof\tLCTs\tand\tMCTs.\tSome\tformulas\tcontain\n“structured\tlipids,”\twhich\tare\ta\tmix\tof\tLCTs\tand\tMCTs\tand\tcontain\tproperties\tof\tboth.\tMost\tof\tthe\tLCTs
[ -0.020299943163990974, -0.04677669331431389, -0.0021086116321384907, -0.04317004606127739, -0.08265095949172974, -0.04709509015083313, 0.04298382252454758, 0.08032910525798798, 0.04503786191344261, 0.0022039106115698814, 0.10478361696004868, -0.010382834821939468, -0.011685783974826336, 0....
found\tin\tstructured\tlipids\tare\tomega-3\tfatty\tacids\t(such\tas\teicosapentaenoic\tacid\tand\tdocosahexanoic\nacid);\tthese\tomega-3\tfatty\n\tacids\tmay\thave\tantiinflammatory\teffects\t(see\t\nChapter\t7\n).\nMCTs\tdo\tnot\trequire\tbile\tsalts\tor\tpancreatic\tlipase\tfor\tdigestion\tand\tare\tabsorbed\tdirect...
[ -0.027690015733242035, -0.03664659708738327, 0.011322379112243652, 0.005273823626339436, -0.06456620991230011, -0.004104780498892069, 0.07759378105401993, 0.009416394867002964, 0.02726742997765541, 0.03949028253555298, 0.12444167584180832, -0.06868990510702133, 0.0012793063651770353, 0.015...
circulation.\tThe\tpercentage\tof\tfat\tas\tMCT\tin\tenteral\tformulas\tvaries\tfrom\t0%\tto\t85%.\tAbout\t2%\tto\t4%\tof\ndaily\tenergy\tintake\tfrom\tlinoleic\tand\tlinolenic\tacid\tis\tnecessary\tto\tprevent\t\nessential\tfatty\tacid\tdeficiency\n(EFAD)\n.\tMCTs\tdo\tnot\n\tprovide\tlinoleic\tor\tlinolenic\tacids;\t...
[ 0.01871391385793686, -0.035804688930511475, 0.026655927300453186, -0.029800692573189735, -0.10405176877975464, -0.02867363765835762, 0.07143890857696533, 0.07243712991476059, -0.007594341412186623, 0.002441402990370989, 0.13277088105678558, -0.03134177625179291, 0.058580853044986725, 0.051...
receive\thigh\tMCT\tenteral\tformulas\treceive\tlinoleic\tand\tlinolenic\tacids\tfrom\tother\tsources.\nVitamins,\tminerals,\tand\telectrolytes\nMost,\tbut\tnot\tall,\tavailable\tformulas\tprovide\tthe\tdietary\treference\tintakes\t(DRIs)\tfor\tvitamins\tand\tminerals\nin\ta\tvolume\tthat\tmay\tbe\tadministered\tto\tmo...
[ -0.0071878014132380486, -0.046853721141815186, 0.04576471820473671, -0.043054211884737015, -0.12226693332195282, -0.034684937447309494, 0.09798955917358398, 0.07881852239370346, -0.026492981240153313, 0.012308277189731598, 0.09503088146448135, 0.0051302253268659115, 0.036736860871315, 0.02...
intended\tfor\thealthy\npopulations,\tnot\tspecifically\tfor\tindividuals\t(whether\thealthy\tor\tacutely\tor\tchronically\till),\tit\tis\tdifficult\tto\nknow\tfor\tcertain\twhether\tthe\tvitamin\tand\tmineral\tprovision\tfrom\tthese\tformulas\tis\tadequate.\tFormulas\nintended\tfor\tpatients\twith\trenal\tor\thepatic\...
[ 0.01110606174916029, 0.0025598208885639906, 0.04885042831301689, -0.06385067105293274, -0.08316073566675186, -0.01906409114599228, 0.049926359206438065, 0.047415755689144135, 0.01187505666166544, 0.03651147708296776, 0.09350641071796417, -0.012101341970264912, 0.052415236830711365, 0.05971...
potassium.\tConversely,\tdisease-specific\tformulas\toften\n\tare\tsupplemented\twith\tantioxidant\tvitamins\tand\nminerals\tand\tmarketed\tto\tsuggest\tthat\tthese\tadditions\timprove\timmune\tfunction\tor\taccelerate\twound\nhealing.\tDefinitive\tstudies\tdemonstrating\tthese\teffects\tare\tnot\tavailable.
[ 0.009577229619026184, -0.09618469327688217, 0.06589297950267792, -0.004742592107504606, -0.0918351337313652, 0.03709835931658745, 0.11478173732757568, 0.01580171473324299, -0.026873547583818436, 0.046204134821891785, 0.05076435208320618, -0.05843045935034752, 0.010641280561685562, -0.01723...
Electrolyte\tcontent\tof\tenteral\tformulas\tis\ttypically\tmodest\tcompared\twith\tthe\toral\tdiet.\tPatients\twho\nexperience\tlarge\telectrolyte\tlosses\t(e.g.,\tbecause\tof\tdiarrhea,\tfistula,\n\temesis)\tlikely\twill\trequire\telectrolyte\nsupplementation.\tSalt\tmust\tbe\tadded\tto\thome-prepared\tBTFs\tin\torde...
[ -0.0006713191396556795, -0.05938432738184929, 0.06751585751771927, -0.010852999053895473, -0.11792752146720886, -0.04417959228157997, 0.12090691924095154, 0.0446883924305439, 0.0000014937547803128837, 0.019315026700496674, 0.11349727213382721, 0.003380423877388239, 0.03813490644097328, 0.0...
intake.\nFluid\nAdult\tfluid\tneeds\toften\tare\testimated\tat\t1\tmL\tof\twater\tper\tkilocalorie\tconsumed,\tor\t30\tto\t35\tmL/kg\tof\tusual\nbody\tweight.\tPatients\tfed\texclusively\tby\tEN,\tespecially\tif\tit\tis\ta\tconcentrated\tformula,\tmay\treceive\ninsufficient\tfluid\t(water)\tto\tmeet\n\ttheir\tneeds.\tI...
[ 0.0015329614980146289, -0.07732198387384415, 0.04133705049753189, -0.002864768961444497, -0.07254043221473694, -0.08428783714771271, 0.046655911952257156, 0.06361380964517593, -0.04724075272679329, -0.03300485759973526, 0.0380156934261322, -0.04306155443191528, 0.027374541386961937, 0.0097...
product\tcan\tlead\tto\tundesirable\tconsequences,\tincluding\tinadequate\turine\toutput,\tconstipation,\tand\nformation\tof\ta\tfiber\tbezoar\t(a\thard\tball\tof\tfiber\tthat\tmay\tdevelop\twithin\tthe\thuman\tstomach).\tAll\tsources\tof\nfluid,\tincluding\tfeeding\ttube\tflushes,\tmedications,\tand\tintravenous\tflui...
[ -0.019101912155747414, -0.03677547350525856, 0.04287545382976532, -0.056834395974874496, -0.10546006262302399, -0.0026242497842758894, 0.10979350656270981, 0.04232931137084961, 0.039537813514471054, 0.013944492675364017, 0.08880174905061722, -0.007752740755677223, 0.07487224787473679, 0.02...
assessing\ta\tpatient’s\n\tfluid\tintake\trelative\tto\tindividual\tneeds.\nStandard\t(1\tkcal/mL)\tformulas\tcontain\tabout\t85%\twater\tby\tvolume;\tconcentrated\t(2\tkcal/mL)\tformulas\ncontain\tonly\tabout\t70%\twater\tby\tvolume.\tAdditional\twater\t(as\tflushes\tand\tfor\tadditional\thydration)\tare\noften\tneces...
[ 0.0165712870657444, -0.0054163564927875996, 0.024200372397899628, -0.05015209689736366, -0.08248943835496902, -0.022195113822817802, 0.030112367123365402, 0.06278812140226364, 0.036696359515190125, -0.014545504935085773, 0.050236813724040985, -0.04933341592550278, 0.04852452501654625, 0.06...
Administration\nEN\tmay\tbe\tadministered\tas\ta\tbolus,\tor\tas\tan\tintermittent\tor\tcontinuous\n\tfeeding.\tAdministration\tmethod\nselection\tshould\taccommodate\tthe\tpatient’s\tclinical\tstatus,\tliving\tsituation,\tand\tquality-of-life\nconsiderations.\tOne\tmethod\tmay\tserve\tas\ta\ttransition\tto\tanother\tm...
[ 0.03103778325021267, -0.01870865561068058, 0.0411418117582798, -0.01360673550516367, -0.12324695289134979, -0.002508187899366021, 0.0680423453450203, -0.007254227064549923, 0.005397926550358534, 0.030215119943022728, 0.13164696097373962, -0.018230238929390907, 0.04157484322786331, 0.031817...
In\ta\t\nclosed\tenteral\tsystem\n,\tthe\tcontainer\tor\tbag\tis\tprefilled\twith\tsterile\tliquid\tformula\tby\tthe\nmanufacturer\tand\tis\t“ready\tto\tfeed”\tafter\tconnecting\tto\tthe\tpatient’s\n\tfeeding\taccess.\tIn\tan\t\nopen\tenteral\nsystem\n,\tthe\tcontents\tof\tformula\tcans\tor\tpackages\tare\tpoured\tinto...
[ 0.02254355326294899, -0.008964728564023972, 0.05296473577618599, -0.009352035820484161, -0.11287888884544373, -0.0008525943267159164, 0.08178357034921646, -0.007046834100037813, 0.04162570461630821, 0.02210012637078762, 0.10774416476488113, -0.00515513913705945, 0.05949031934142113, 0.0462...
then\tconnected\tto\tthe\tfeeding\taccess.\nHang\ttime\n\tis\tthe\tlength\tof\ttime\tan\tenteral\tformula\thanging\tat\troom\ttemperature\tis\tconsidered\tsafe\tfor\ndelivery\tto\tthe\tpatient.\tMost\tfacilities\tallow\ta\t4-hour\thang\ttime\tfor\ta\tproduct\tin\tan\topen\tsystem\tand\t24\tto\n48\thours\n\tfor\tproduct...
[ 0.019463686272501945, -0.0019627949222922325, 0.08104555308818817, -0.028841672465205193, -0.0890735313296318, -0.021977121010422707, 0.09128663688898087, 0.03488603234291077, 0.003834335831925273, 0.00957026332616806, 0.10284920036792755, -0.02383599430322647, 0.06964723020792007, 0.04120...
Bolus\nSyringe\t\nbolus\tenteral\tfeedings\n\tcan\tbe\tsuitable\tfor\tpatients\twith\tadequate\tgastric\temptying\twho\tare\nclinically\tstable\t(see\t\nFig.\t12.4\n).\tAdministered\tover\t5\tto\t20\tminutes,\tthese\tfeedings\tare\tmore\tconvenient\tand\nless\texpensive\tthan\tpump\tor\tgravity\tbolus\tfeedings\tand\ts...
[ 0.010773246176540852, -0.04145162180066109, 0.060739342123270035, 0.0057440828531980515, -0.10400404781103134, -0.016176516190171242, 0.07875928282737732, 0.06483758985996246, -0.020494874566793442, -0.016005273908376694, 0.08434899896383286, -0.020816756412386894, 0.036837317049503326, 0....
60-mL\nsyringe\tmay\tbe\tused\tto\tinfuse\tthe\tformula.\tIf\tbloating\tor\tabdominal\tdiscomfort\tdevelops,\tthe\tpatient\tshould\nwait\t10\tto\t15\tminutes\tbefore\tinfusing\tthe\tremainder\tof\tformula\tallocated\tfor\tthat\tfeeding.\tPatients\twith\nnormal\tgastric\tfunction\tgenerally\ttolerate\t500\tmL\tor\tmore\...
[ 0.014134755358099937, -0.04882735386490822, 0.02459256537258625, -0.04154287651181221, -0.1192084401845932, 0.005029317457228899, 0.026595233008265495, 0.07384493201971054, -0.007099469192326069, -0.010296754539012909, 0.09795498102903366, 0.01690274477005005, 0.0418553464114666, 0.0281116...
bolus\tfeedings\tper\tday\ttypically\tprovide\ttheir\tdaily\tnutritional\trequirements.\n\tSome\tindividuals,\tespecially\tif\nelderly,\tmay\tnot\ttolerate\tlarger\tboluses\tand\trequire\tsmaller,\tmore\tfrequent\tfeedings.\tFormula\tat\troom\ntemperature\tis\tbetter\ttolerated\tthan\tcold\tformula;\thowever,\tfood\tsa...
[ 0.046590954065322876, -0.07785560935735703, 0.064815953373909, -0.03749782219529152, -0.1347067803144455, -0.01936216838657856, 0.08852966874837875, 0.0005186542985029519, 0.014067214913666248, 0.05096796154975891, 0.13047365844249725, -0.039589717984199524, 0.03359802067279816, 0.00208403...
Follow\tlabel\tdirections\tfor\tstoring\tpartially\tused\tcans\tof\tformula.\nIntermittent\tand\tcyclic\nQuality-of-life\tissues\tare\toften\tthe\treason\tfor\tthe\tinitiation\n\tof\t\nintermittent\tenteral\tfeedings\n.\tCyclic\nregimens\tallow\tmobile\tpatients\tan\timproved\tquality\tof\tlife\tby\toffering\ttime\t“of...
[ 0.00890055950731039, -0.015342476777732372, 0.07219601422548294, -0.03490345552563667, -0.0811273381114006, 0.02598980814218521, 0.06294688582420349, 0.03266897797584534, -0.00517247524112463, 0.058662693947553635, 0.12304533272981644, 0.001080100191757083, 0.02620203234255314, 0.076213769...
autonomy.\tThey\tare\tinitiated\tto\tallow\ttime\tfor\ttreatments,\ttherapies,\tand\tactivities.\tIntermittent\tfeedings\ncan\tbe\tgiven\tby\tpump\tor\tgravity\tdrip.\tGravity\tfeeding\tis\taccomplished\tby\tpouring\tformula\tinto\ta\tfeeding\nbag\tthat\tis\tequipped\twith\ta\troller\tclamp.\tThe\n\tclamp\tis\tadjusted...
[ 0.03498617187142372, -0.07342075556516647, 0.06435999274253845, -0.00917578674852848, -0.1288776993751526, -0.016400953754782677, 0.08091536909341812, -0.014433510601520538, 0.009230376221239567, 0.07532826066017151, 0.11223696172237396, -0.022808486595749855, 0.02111434005200863, 0.042527...
clamp\tis\tadjusted\tto\tthe\tdesired\tdrips\tper\tminute.\tA\ttypical\ndaily\tfeeding\tschedule\tis\tfour\tto\tsix\tfeedings,\teach\tadministered\tover\t20\tto\t60\tminutes.\tFormula\nadministration\tis\tinitiated\tat\t100\tto\t150\tmL\tper\tfeeding\tand\tincreased\tincrementally\tas\ttolerated.\tPatients
[ 0.015766797587275505, -0.031689807772636414, 0.054647695273160934, -0.04799307510256767, -0.18060608208179474, -0.022176198661327362, 0.059672463685274124, 0.07811013609170914, 0.0015362832928076386, 0.00268855644389987, 0.10613778978586197, -0.015810417011380196, 0.019055483862757683, 0.0...
who\tmost\toften\tsucceed\twith\tthis\tregimen\tare\tmotivated,\torganized,\talert,\tand\tmobile.\tCyclic\tfeeding\talso\nallows\tfor\ttime\taway\tfrom\n\ttube\tfeeding.\tThis\tfeeding\tregimen\tis\ta\tgood\tchoice\tfor\tpatients\twho\tare\nreceiving\tphysical\ttherapy\tor\tparticipate\tin\tother\tactivities\tthat\treq...
[ -0.0033617860171943903, -0.03071892075240612, 0.05457368865609169, -0.0023887380957603455, -0.11854413151741028, -0.006506731268018484, 0.079893097281456, -0.005666994024068117, -0.024176454171538353, 0.05108368769288063, 0.11519373953342438, -0.02341127209365368, 0.029457975178956985, 0.0...
schedule\tis\t90\tto\t150\tmL\tper\thour\tof\tformula\tadministered\tover\t18\tto\t20\thours.\tThis\tregimen,\toften\tstarted\nat\tnight,\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\ttransition\tto\tan\toral\tdiet.\nContinuous\nContinuous\tinfusion\tof\tEN\trequires\ta\tpump.\n\tThis\tmethod\tis\tappropriate\tfor\tpatients\twho\tdo\tnot\ttoler...
[ -0.03900209069252014, -0.0030093712266534567, 0.02791227027773857, -0.02745828777551651, -0.11477718502283096, 0.0389237217605114, 0.05271567404270172, 0.01762012019753456, -0.0011712689884006977, -0.027185264974832535, 0.07882874459028244, 0.00989576056599617, 0.0250666793435812, 0.018816...
This\tmethod\tis\tappropriate\tfor\tpatients\twho\tdo\tnot\ttolerate\tthe\nvolume\tof\tinfusion\tused\twith\tthe\tbolus,\tcyclical,\tor\tintermittent\tmethods.\tPatients\twith\tcompromised\ngastrointestinal\tfunction\tbecause\tof\tdisease,\tsurgery,\tcancer\ttherapy,\tor\tother\tphysiologic\timpediments\tare
[ -0.013650188222527504, -0.015064077451825142, 0.039002321660518646, -0.03578353673219681, -0.10517603158950806, 0.009144342504441738, 0.09255849570035934, 0.0670735239982605, 0.04254934936761856, 0.015495332889258862, 0.0751831978559494, -0.01270911656320095, 0.033045172691345215, 0.066927...
candidates\tfor\tcontinuous\tfeedings.\tPatients\twith\ta\tfeeding\ttube\ttip\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\tshould\tbe\tfed\nonly\tby\tcontinuous\n\tor\tcyclic\tinfusion.\t(Use\tof\tbolus\tor\tgravity\tfeeding\tin\tthese\tpatients\tis\tstrongly\ndiscouraged,\talthough\tanecdotal\tverbal\treports\tof\tuse\tof\tboth\thave\...
[ -0.00007029351399978623, -0.06169327720999718, 0.040301643311977386, -0.0329861044883728, -0.09548666328191757, 0.01477098185569048, 0.07176519185304642, 0.019528556615114212, 0.01529796700924635, 0.02240060083568096, 0.07132402807474136, -0.016918407753109932, 0.056856900453567505, 0.0894...
feeding\trate\tgoal,\tin\tmilliliters\tper\thour,\tis\tset\tby\tdividing\tthe\ttotal\tdaily\tvolume\tby\tthe\tnumber\tof\thours\nper\tday\tof\tadministration.\tFull\tstrength\tfeeding\tis\tstarted\tat\tone\tquarter\tto\tone\thalf\tof\tthe\thourly\tgoal\n\trate\nand\tadvanced\tevery\t8\tto\t12\thours\tto\tthe\tfinal\tvo...
[ 0.02648518979549408, -0.08358468115329742, 0.02951744943857193, -0.0499720461666584, -0.17079050838947296, -0.007774943485856056, 0.033281244337558746, -0.039716687053442, -0.022581232711672783, 0.05669394135475159, 0.0938103049993515, -0.016892852261662483, 0.0634501501917839, 0.033442053...
underfeeding.\tHigh\tosmolality\tformulas\tmay\trequire\tmore\ttime\tto\tachieve\ttolerance\tand\tshould\tbe\nadvanced\tconservatively.\nOne\tpossible\tdrawback\tto\tcontinuous\tfeedings\toccurs\tif\tthe\tpatient\trequires\tmedication\tthat\tmust\tbe\nadministered\ton\tan\tempty\tstomach.\tFor\texample,\twhen\tadminist...
[ 0.03884938731789589, -0.034005071967840195, 0.07581369578838348, -0.016992831602692604, -0.10825946182012558, -0.011231929995119572, 0.07298757880926132, 0.02377656288444996, -0.008851565420627594, 0.003068616846576333, 0.09760159999132156, 0.013533737510442734, 0.05717114359140396, 0.0150...
phenytoin\t(Dilantin)\tit\tis\nrecommended\tthat\ttube\tfeedings\tbe\tstopped\tbefore\tand\tafter\tadministration.\tThe\ttimes\tvary\tby\tsituation\nand\tmedication.\nEnteral\tpumps\tfor\thome\tuse\tare\tsmall\tand\teasy\tto\thandle.\tMany\tpumps\trun\tfor\tup\tto\t8\thours\ton\tbattery
[ 0.02881067991256714, -0.07173594832420349, 0.0940903052687645, -0.049433041363954544, -0.09035679697990417, -0.00022093416191637516, 0.08556196093559265, 0.020655032247304916, 0.03179405257105827, 0.05372593551874161, 0.09034312516450882, -0.021676383912563324, 0.01326682697981596, 0.01677...
power,\twith\ta\t“plug-in”\toption,\tallowing\tflexibility\tand\tmobility\tfor\tthe\tpatient.\tPump\tsets\ttypically\tinclude\nbags\tand\ttubing\tcompatible\twith\tproper\n\tpump\toperation.\tFeeding\tbags\tshould\tbe\tlabeled\tin\taccordance\nwith\tthe\tASPEN\tEnteral\tNutrition\tPractice\tGuidelines\tand\tshould\tinc...
[ 0.006357827689498663, 0.006401247810572386, 0.04025078937411308, -0.02487156167626381, -0.10968714952468872, -0.0015081509482115507, 0.09099724888801575, -0.00713361194357276, 0.002032872289419174, 0.03990233317017555, 0.0947222113609314, -0.01255771704018116, 0.057463280856609344, 0.01988...
concentration,\tthe\tdate\tand\ttime\tthe\tbag\twas\tfilled,\tand\tthe\tinitials\tof\tthe\thealth\tcare\tprovider\twho\thung\nthe\tfeeding.\nMonitoring\tand\tevaluation\nMonitoring\tfor\tcomplications\nBox\t12.3\n\tprovides\ta\tcomprehensive\tlist\tof\tcomplications\n\tassociated\twith\tEN.\tMany\tcomplications\tcan\tb...
[ 0.06763744354248047, -0.026399314403533936, 0.030656417831778526, -0.04271057993173599, -0.09734516590833664, 0.03468163311481476, 0.1265360414981842, 0.0282108373939991, 0.010424304753541946, 0.027646690607070923, 0.09993782639503479, -0.009562931954860687, 0.0391029417514801, 0.047890305...
prevented\tor\tmanaged\twith\tcareful\tpatient\tmonitoring.\nBOX\t12.3\nComplications\tof\tEnteral\tNutrition\nAccess\nLeakage\tfrom\tostomy/stoma\tsite\nPressure\tnecrosis/ulceration/stenosis\nTissue\terosion\nTube\tdisplacement/migration
[ 0.0033748133573681116, 0.03708117455244064, 0.017957523465156555, -0.030367238447070122, -0.028307870030403137, 0.06585439294576645, 0.027473093941807747, 0.005991270765662193, -0.04255840182304382, 0.017746970057487488, 0.08989126235246658, 0.07732854783535004, -0.015887342393398285, 0.01...
Tube\tobstruction/occlusion\nAdministration\nMicrobial\tcontamination\nEnteral\tmisconnections\tor\tmisplacement\tof\ttube,\n\tcausing\tinfection,\taspiration\tpneumonia,\nperitonitis,\tpulmonary\tor\tvenous\tinfusion\nRegurgitation\nInadequate\tdelivery\tfor\tone\tor\tmore\treasons\nGastrointestinal\nConstipation\nDel...
[ 0.025339344516396523, -0.06323888152837753, 0.04027636721730232, -0.031519658863544464, -0.08046255260705948, -0.0013423823984339833, 0.027672644704580307, 0.0768510177731514, -0.066522017121315, 0.055834539234638214, 0.07741987705230713, -0.005595650989562273, 0.058325428515672684, 0.0864...
Delayed\tgastric\temptying/elevated\tgastric\tresidual\tvolume\nDiarrhea\nOsmotic\tdiarrhea,\tespecially\tif\tsorbitol\tis\tpresent\tin\tliquid\tdrug\tpreparations\nSecretory\nDistention/bloating/cramping\nFormula\tchoice/rate\n\tof\tadministration\nIntolerance\tof\tnutrient\tcomponents\nMaldigestion/malabsorption\nNau...
[ 0.026470299810171127, -0.11581651121377945, 0.006206807680428028, 0.018280040472745895, -0.08684086799621582, 0.006093607284128666, 0.025637660175561905, 0.10371227562427521, -0.012900911271572113, -0.010195830836892128, 0.044707681983709335, -0.007667813450098038, 0.09874022006988525, 0.0...
Nausea/vomiting\nMetabolic\nDrug-nutrient\tinteractions\nGlucose\tintolerance/hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia\nDehydration/overhydration\nHypernatremia/hyponatremia\nHyperkalemia/hypokalemia\nHyperphosphatemia/hypophosphatemia\nMicronutrient\tdeficiencies\t(notably\tthiamin)\nRefeeding\tsyndrome\nData\tfrom\tRussell\tM:
[ 0.059509530663490295, -0.037066105753183365, 0.01708948239684105, -0.002343184780329466, -0.030714618042111397, -0.048098690807819366, 0.07619825750589371, 0.10985241830348969, -0.06985776126384735, -0.01171315647661686, 0.019174892455339432, -0.042272187769412994, 0.0738615095615387, -0.0...
Refeeding\tsyndrome\nData\tfrom\tRussell\tM:\n\tComplications\tof\tenteral\tfeedings.\tIn\tCharney\tP,\tMalone\tA\t(eds):\t\nPocket\tguide\tto\tenteral\nnutrition\n,\ted\t2,\tChicago,\t2013,\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics,\tp\t170.\nAspiration,\ta\tcommon\tconcern\tfor\tpatients\treceiving\tEN,\tis\ta\tcontrov...
[ -0.03137730434536934, -0.03420587629079819, 0.02668624557554722, -0.013350481167435646, -0.07313302904367447, -0.006407568231225014, 0.050046682357788086, 0.09566754847764969, -0.004111771006137133, -0.005555079318583012, 0.08462541550397873, 0.039066385477781296, 0.00019297449034638703, 0...
that\taspiration\tof\tthroat\tcontents\tand\tsaliva\tis\tas\tmuch\tas\tor\tmore\timportant\tthan\taspiration\tof\tformula.\tTo\nminimize\n\tthe\trisk\tof\taspiration,\tpatients\tshould\tbe\tpositioned\twith\ttheir\theads\tand\tshoulders\tabove\ttheir\nchests\tduring\tand\timmediately\tafter\tfeeding\t(\nBankhead\tet\ta...
[ 0.032847024500370026, -0.014243257232010365, 0.1026575043797493, -0.0444570854306221, -0.06985592842102051, 0.04384000599384308, 0.09406924247741699, -0.004846511408686638, -0.023818377405405045, 0.048666082322597504, 0.11362512409687042, -0.05176449567079544, 0.05078456550836563, 0.032460...
Bankhead\tet\tal,\t2009\n;\t\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nSignificant\tdisagreement\texists\tabout\tthe\tvalue\tof\t\ngastric\tresidual\tvolumes\t(GRV)\n\tas\tan\tindicator\tof\nEN\ttolerance.\tGRV\tprocedures\tare\tnot\tstandardized\tand\tchecking\tGRV\tdoes\tnot\tprotect\tpatients\tfrom\naspiration.
[ -0.014130673371255398, 0.007370127364993095, 0.01056237705051899, -0.0419149175286293, -0.062000080943107605, 0.02493872120976448, 0.0994604304432869, 0.026265190914273262, -0.011020728386938572, -0.02816656231880188, 0.08989514410495758, -0.03516841307282448, -0.01094739232212305, -0.0101...
aspiration.\n\tGRV\tdoes\tnot\thave\tto\tbe\tchecked\tregularly\tin\tpatients\twho\tare\tstable\ton\ta\tfeeding\tregimen\tand\nthose\twho\thave\ta\tlong\thistory\ton\ttube\tfeedings.\tIn\tcritically\till\ttube-fed\tpatients\tthe\tbest\tmethods\tfor\nreducing\tthe\trisk\tof\taspiration\tinclude\televation\tof\tthe\thead...
[ 0.014872630126774311, -0.049259960651397705, 0.05047869309782982, -0.0009395177476108074, -0.13291019201278687, -0.009006683714687824, 0.05728314816951752, 0.010999541729688644, -0.0023044671397656202, 0.03442194312810898, 0.11386249214410782, -0.031494975090026855, 0.06616567075252533, 0....
and\toral\tdecontamination\t(\nBankhead\tet\tal,\t2009\n;\t\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nIn\tthe\tpresence\tof\n\tgastroparesis,\tdoses\tof\ta\tpromotility\tdrug\t(like\tmetoclopramide)\tmay\tincrease\ngastrointestinal\ttransit,\timprove\tEN\tdelivery,\tand\timprove\tfeeding\ttolerance\t(\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).
[ -0.016339464113116264, -0.04491228982806206, 0.0018675163155421615, -0.023524604737758636, -0.08375474065542221, 0.060903772711753845, 0.010802962817251682, 0.07525978982448578, 0.016174007207155228, 0.05645139887928963, 0.13962091505527496, 0.0008077913662418723, -0.0005527901812456548, 0...
McClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nDiarrhea\tis\ta\tcommon\tEN\tcomplication,\toften\trelated\tto\tthe\tantibiotic\ttherapy,\tcolonic\tbacterial\novergrowth,\tand\tgastrointestinal\tmotility\tdisorders\tassociated\twith\tacute\tand\tcritical\tillness.\tHyperosmolar\nmedications\n\tsuch\tas\tmagnesium-containing\tantacids,\tso...
[ -0.015745824202895164, -0.07039275020360947, 0.004427071660757065, -0.0239744670689106, -0.030671607702970505, 0.02724892646074295, 0.0604587122797966, 0.07232750207185745, -0.005358907859772444, 0.040944069623947144, 0.11001046001911163, -0.02378040924668312, 0.005640666000545025, 0.08358...
supplements\talso\tcontribute\tto\tdiarrhea.\tAdjustment\tof\tmedications\tor\tadministration\tmethods\tmay\treduce\nor\teliminate\tthe\tdiarrhea.\tFOS,\tpectin,\tguar\tgum,\tbulking\tagents,\tand\tantidiarrheal\tmedications\talso\tcan\nbe\tbeneficial.\t(Use\tcare\tto\tavoid\tclogging\tthe\tfeeding\ttube\twhen\tusing\t...
[ -0.0071073719300329685, -0.049487121403217316, 0.01938593201339245, -0.0189170204102993, -0.07736442238092422, -0.023491935804486275, 0.10066533833742142, 0.0603402778506279, 0.01645749993622303, -0.01112566888332367, 0.08221964538097382, 0.010905280709266663, 0.07864198833703995, 0.055309...
predigested\n\tformula\tis\trarely\tthe\tbest\t“first\tline”\toption,\tbecause\tthe\tformula\tis\ttypically\tnot\tthe\tcause\tof\nthe\tdiarrhea.\nConstipation\tis\ta\tconcern\twith\tEN,\tparticularly\tamong\tbed-bound\tpatients\twho\treceive\tlong-term\nfeedings.\tFiber-containing\tformulas\tor\tstool-bulking\tmedicati...
[ 0.010411273688077927, -0.05280335247516632, 0.053024642169475555, -0.035132698714733124, -0.13106779754161835, 0.01285570114850998, 0.03152037411928177, 0.04090446978807449, 0.049877699464559555, 0.02884718030691147, 0.10994928330183029, 0.01770077459514141, 0.051331762224435806, 0.0213825...
fluid\tis\timportant.\tNarcotic\tpain\trelievers\tslow\tGIT\tactivity;\tiron\tsupplements\n\tcan\tcause\tconstipation.\nDiarrhea\tmay\tcoexist\twith\tconstipation\tbecause\tliquid\tstool\tcan\tpass\ta\tfecal\timpaction.\nMonitoring\tfor\ttolerance\tand\tnutrient\tintake\tgoals\nMonitoring\tthe\tpatient’s\t\nactual\n\t(...
[ 0.03531469777226448, -0.053198277950286865, 0.06955277174711227, 0.022234244272112846, -0.10367466509342194, 0.004444651771336794, 0.10874472558498383, 0.04937697574496269, 0.0029795696027576923, -0.017321178689599037, 0.07749172300100327, -0.039662592113018036, 0.047407396137714386, 0.090...
nutrition\tgoals\tare\tachieved\tand\tmaintained.\tMonitoring\tof\tmetabolic\tand\tgastrointestinal\ttolerance,\nhydration\tstatus,\tweight,\n\tand\tlean\tbody\tmass\tis\textremely\timportant\t(\nBox\t12.4\n).\tPractice\tguidelines,\ninstitutional\tprotocols,\tand\tstandardized\tordering\tprocedures\tshould\tbe\tdevelo...
[ -0.00349236186593771, -0.017444336786866188, 0.049828656017780304, 0.0021656756289303303, -0.058085884898900986, 0.011047678999602795, 0.0866369977593422, 0.06381399929523468, -0.07001623511314392, 0.014379985630512238, 0.08411679416894913, 0.003969361074268818, -0.0002770109858829528, -0....
optimal,\tsafe\tmonitoring\tof\tEN\t(\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nBOX\t12.4\nMonitoring\tthe\tPatient\tReceiving\tEnteral\tNutrition\nAbdominal\tdistention\tand\tdiscomfort
[ 0.026230303570628166, 0.013752639293670654, -0.020832357928156853, -0.07100541889667511, -0.10867802053689957, 0.056691087782382965, 0.0023593096993863583, 0.1350361406803131, -0.0035659181885421276, 0.0156786497682333, 0.03532711789011955, 0.06818240880966187, 0.004418206866830587, 0.1112...
Confirm\tproper\ttube\tplacement\tand\tmaintain\thead\tof\tbed\t>30\n\tdegrees\t(daily)\nChange\tfeeding\tdelivery\tcontainer\tand\ttubing\t(daily)\nFluid\tintake\tand\toutput\t(daily)\nGastric\tresidual\tvolume\tif\tappropriate\t(not\tfor\tjejunal\ttubes)\nSigns\tand\tsymptoms\tof\tedema\tor\tdehydration\t(daily)\nSto...
[ -0.01961487904191017, -0.005499185994267464, 0.055953189730644226, 0.016453711315989494, -0.023933084681630135, -0.03993579372763634, 0.12381254136562347, 0.014444183558225632, 0.021480076014995575, 0.018138157203793526, 0.11099354922771454, -0.04858348146080971, 0.051862508058547974, 0.02...
Stool\tfrequency,\tvolume,\tand\tconsistency\t(daily)\nWeight\t(at\tleast\tthree\ttimes/wk)\nNutritional\tintake\tadequacy\t(daily)\nClinical\tstatus\t(daily)\nNutrition\tfocused\tphysical\texam\n\t(daily)\nSerum\telectrolytes,\tblood\turea\tnitrogen,\tcreatinine,\t(daily\tuntil\tstable,\tthen\ttwo\tto\tthree\ttimes/wk...
[ 0.0278086606413126, -0.09637925028800964, 0.06240127608180046, 0.05419951304793358, -0.09560584276914597, -0.0532945841550827, 0.0772397518157959, 0.03546473756432533, 0.00009947020589606836, -0.007224985398352146, 0.08929845690727234, -0.023085132241249084, 0.018923582509160042, 0.0325051...
Serum\tglucose,\tcalcium,\tmagnesium,\tphosphorus\t(daily\tuntil\tstable,\tthen\tweekly)\nData\tfrom\tMcClave\tSA\tet\tal:\tGuidelines\tfor\tthe\tprovision\tand\tassessment\tof\tnutrition\tsupport\ttherapy\tin\tthe\nadult\tcritically\till\tpatient,\t\nJ\tParenter\tEnteral\tNutr\n\t40:159-211,\t2016.\nShelton\tM:\tMonit...
[ -0.009640847332775593, -0.041734930127859116, 0.01887362450361252, -0.02937200665473938, -0.07215713709592819, -0.022995829582214355, 0.0716816857457161, 0.11801066994667053, -0.05252813547849655, -0.041948288679122925, 0.0677323266863823, -0.02103644609451294, 0.016411976888775826, 0.0569...
evaluation\tof\tenteral\tfeedings.\tIn\tCharney\tP,\tMalone\tA:\t\nPocket\tguide\tto\tenteral\nnutrition\n,\ted\t2,\tChicago,\t2013,\tAND,\tp.\t153.\nTime\tis\toften\tlost\tfrom\tthe\tprescribed\tfeeding\tschedule\tbecause\tof\tissues\tsuch\tas\tNPO\t(nothing\tby\nmouth)\tstatus\tfor\tmedical\tprocedures,\tclogged\ttub...
[ -0.01676967926323414, -0.007435406092554331, 0.04325443506240845, 0.0025297654792666435, -0.04185401648283005, -0.00269512040540576, 0.06784413009881973, 0.06173282116651535, -0.012488773092627525, 0.026100536808371544, 0.07256228476762772, 0.02459760569036007, 0.015761541202664375, 0.0759...
actual\tgastrointestinal\tintolerance.\tThe\tresult\tof\t“held”\tfeedings\n\tis\talways\tinadequate\tnutrition\twith\tthe\nrisk\tof\tonset,\tor\tworsening,\tof\tmalnutrition.\tAdjustment\tin\tthe\ttube\tfeeding\tregimen\tmust\tbe\tmade.\tFor\nexample,\tif\ttube\tfeedings\tare\tbeing\tturned\toff\tfor\t2\thours\tevery\t...
[ 0.008446436375379562, -0.08364897221326828, 0.06671922653913498, -0.005734422709792852, -0.1276433765888214, -0.003034894587472081, 0.06693711876869202, 0.002489629667252302, 0.012128057889640331, 0.0533086434006691, 0.09695349633693695, -0.01600780338048935, 0.040086887776851654, 0.015348...
rate\ton\tthe\tfeeding\tshould\tbe\tincreased\tand\tthe\tfeeding\ttime\tdecreased\tto\taccommodate\tthe\ttherapy\nschedule.\nParenteral\tnutrition\nPN\tprovides\n\tnutrients\tdirectly\tinto\tthe\tbloodstream\tintravenously.\tPN\tis\tindicated\twhen\tthe\tpatient\tor\nindividual\tis\tunable\tto\ttake\tadequate\tnutrient...
[ 0.012160074897110462, -0.027362680062651634, 0.043936800211668015, -0.01713104173541069, -0.11935735493898392, 0.021124910563230515, 0.08644209057092667, 0.010839336551725864, -0.020394926890730858, 0.02675762213766575, 0.1348443478345871, -0.03458280861377716, 0.035555191338062286, 0.0496...
EN\tto\tmeet\tnutrient\tneeds\t(\nMundi\tet\tal,\t2017\n;\t\nDerenski\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tAlternatively,\tPN\tmay\tbe\tthe\tsole\nsource\tof\tnutrition\tduring\trecovery\tfrom\tillness\tor\tinjury\tor\tmay\tbe\ta\tlife-sustaining\ttherapy\n\tfor\tpatients\nwho\thave\tlost\tthe\tfunction\tof\ttheir\tintestine\tfor\tnutr...
[ -0.020528476685285568, -0.004076229874044657, 0.014913931488990784, -0.04379405826330185, -0.08464789390563965, 0.021046416833996773, 0.08962056785821915, 0.003912245389074087, -0.013260268606245518, 0.006039151921868324, 0.13191120326519012, -0.0006623193039558828, 0.06194932758808136, 0....
than\toral\tis\tinvasive,\tit\tis\timportant\tto\tevaluate\tethical\tissues\tif\tthe\tpatient\tis\tterminal\tor\thas\ta\tshort\tlife\nexpectancy\t(\nSchwartz\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nGetting\tstarted\twith\tparenteral\tnutrition\nAfter\tthe\tpatient\thas\tbeen\tdeemed\tto\trequire\tnutrition\tsupport\tvia\tthe\tparenteral\n...
[ 0.013502843677997589, -0.03447628393769264, 0.06350063532590866, -0.06010667607188225, -0.16064666211605072, -0.023067282512784004, 0.037414927035570145, 0.012993910349905491, -0.021701544523239136, 0.047975458204746246, 0.14658333361148834, -0.02952239103615284, 0.038519278168678284, 0.05...
choose\tbetween\tcentral\tand\tperipheral\taccess.\t\nCentral\taccess\n\trefers\tto\tcatheter\ttip\tplacement\tin\ta\tlarge,\nhigh-blood-flow\tvein\tsuch\tas\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\tcava;\tthis\tis\t\ncentral\tparenteral\tnutrition\t(CPN)\n.\nPeripheral\tparenteral\tnutrition\t(PPN)\n\trefers\tto\tcatheter\ttip\tplacemen...
[ -0.001246697036549449, -0.08337459713220596, 0.053436197340488434, -0.04728693887591362, -0.146005779504776, 0.011466939933598042, 0.08381042629480362, 0.028548195958137512, 0.050798200070858, 0.040145643055438995, 0.12550634145736694, -0.029529862105846405, -0.0038311192765831947, 0.05622...
hand\tor\tforearm.\nThe\tosmolarity\tof\tthe\tPN\tsolution\tdictates\tthe\n\tlocation\tof\tthe\tcatheter;\tcentral\tcatheter\tplacement\tallows\nfor\tthe\thigher\tcaloric\tPN\tformulation\tand\ttherefore\tgreater\tosmolarity\t(\nTable\t12.2\n).\tThe\tuse\tof\tPPN\tis\nlimited:\tit\tis\tshort-term\ttherapy\tand\ttherefo...
[ 0.029381077736616135, -0.03582609072327614, 0.06344425678253174, -0.05569424852728844, -0.1505936086177826, -0.0022762559819966555, 0.08856043219566345, 0.012065166607499123, 0.016540834680199623, 0.06153114140033722, 0.10896995663642883, 0.01087878830730915, 0.03074457123875618, 0.0365609...
and\tamount\tof\tfluids\tthat\tcan\tbe\tprovided\tperipherally\tare\tlimited\tand\tmost\toften\tdo\tnot\tfully\tmeet\nnutrition\trequirements.\tVolume-sensitive\n\tpatients\tsuch\tas\tthose\twith\tcardiopulmonary,\trenal,\tor\thepatic\nfailure\tare\tnot\tgood\tcandidates\tfor\tPPN.\tPPN\tmay\tbe\tappropriate\twhen\tuse...
[ 0.010636460967361927, -0.03966711461544037, 0.035477906465530396, -0.03005998209118843, -0.08118651807308197, -0.007384453434497118, 0.08074340224266052, 0.06161007657647133, -0.002390683861449361, 0.02137395553290844, 0.09544982761144638, -0.013145715929567814, 0.061321232467889786, 0.051...
in\ttransition\tto\tenteral\tor\toral\tfeeding,\tor\tas\ta\ttemporary\tmethod\tto\tbegin\tfeeding\twhen\tcentral\taccess\thas\nnot\tbeen\tinitiated.\tCalculation\tof\tthe\tosmolarity\tof\ta\tparenteral\tsolution\tis\timportant\tto\tensure\tvenous\ntolerance.\n\t\nOsmolarity\n,\tor\tmOsm/mL,\tis\tused\tto\tcalculate\tIV...
[ 0.019550945609807968, -0.1124679297208786, 0.0162606630474329, -0.044235777109861374, -0.07647257298231125, -0.02783980779349804, 0.04123730957508087, 0.030090652406215668, 0.004951925948262215, 0.04293596372008324, 0.10492987185716629, -0.02845686860382557, 0.049374599009752274, 0.0426670...
body\tfluids.\nTABLE\t12.2\nOsmolarity\tof\tNutrients\tin\tPN\tSolutions\nNutrient\nOsmolarity\t(mOsm/mL)\nSample\tCalculations\nDextrose\t5%\n0.25\n500\tmL\t=\t125\tmOsm\nDextrose\t10%\n0.505\n500\tmL\t=\t252\tmOsm\nDextrose\t50%\n2.52\n500\tmL\t=\t1260\tmOsm\nDextrose\t70%\n3.53\n500\tmL\t=\t1765\tmOsm\nAmino\tacids\...
[ -0.018544400110840797, -0.05940505117177963, -0.057535991072654724, -0.018357232213020325, -0.02424607425928116, -0.08419374376535416, 0.03385232016444206, 0.10295610129833221, -0.061967670917510986, -0.01757567748427391, 0.0724269300699234, -0.050605762749910355, 0.023112492635846138, 0.0...
0.81\n1000\tmL\t=\t810\tmOsm\nAmino\tacids\t10%\n0.998\n1000\tmL\t=\t998\tmOsm\nLipids\t10%\n0.6\n500\tmL\t=\t300\tmOsm\nLipids\t20%\n0.7\n500\tmL\t=\t350\tmOsm\nElectrolytes\nVaries\tby\tadditive\nMultitrace\telements\n0.36\n5\tmL\t=\t1.8\tmOsm\nMultivitamin\tconcentrate\n4.11\n10\tmL\t=\t41\tmOsm\nData\tfrom\tRxKinet...
[ -0.014873332343995571, -0.03924696519970894, -0.006008744705468416, -0.01417820155620575, -0.022238604724407196, -0.11446744203567505, 0.05838058888912201, 0.08648829907178879, -0.04532720148563385, 0.004325200337916613, 0.10409396141767502, -0.060106322169303894, 0.037084709852933884, 0.0...
Calculating\tOsmolarity\tof\tan\tIV\tAdmixture\n\t(website):\t\nhttp://www.rxkinetics.com/iv_osmolarity.html\n.
[ 0.01484451163560152, -0.029848240315914154, -0.007930798456072807, -0.010099045932292938, -0.04064663127064705, -0.05235463008284569, 0.03869738429784775, 0.1125282272696495, -0.06562443822622299, 0.024487724527716637, 0.08449429273605347, -0.028619371354579926, 0.010577232576906681, 0.085...
Access\nPeripheral\taccess\nPPN\tsolutions\tshould\tbe\thypoosmolar,\tthat\tis,\tnot\tmore\tthan\t800\tto\t900\tmOsm/kg\tto\tallow\tinfusion\tthrough\na\tperipheral,\tmidline,\tor\tmidclavicular\tintravenous\tcatheter.\tClear\tcriteria\tmust\tbe\tidentified\tto\tdetermine\nwhen\tit\tis\tappropriate\tto\tuse\tPPN,\tas\t...
[ -0.0203385129570961, -0.010677292011678219, 0.028171654790639877, -0.05959659069776535, -0.13048842549324036, -0.0093312356621027, 0.08149460703134537, 0.03569686412811279, 0.015547963790595531, 0.04612993076443672, 0.10104378312826157, -0.05070577561855316, 0.08528143167495728, 0.00726125...
PPN\tis\tused\tas\ta\t“bridge”\tto\teither\treturn\tto\tEN\tor\tCPN.\nShort-term\tcentral\taccess\nCatheters\tused\tfor\tCPN\tideally\tconsist\tof\ta\tsingle\tlumen.\tIf\tcentral\taccess\tis\tneeded\tfor\tother\treasons,\tsuch\nas\themodynamic\tmonitoring,\tdrawing\tblood\tsamples,\tor\tgiving\tmedications,\tmultiple-l...
[ -0.07159507274627686, -0.03433812037110329, 0.04218452051281929, -0.06517479568719864, -0.1019890159368515, 0.02237549237906933, 0.1044260710477829, -0.005562511272728443, 0.047893647104501724, 0.04929058253765106, 0.09049715846776962, 0.016595270484685898, 0.06273283809423447, 0.027193577...
available\t(\nDerenski\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tTo\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\tinfection,\tthe\tcatheter\tlumen\tused\tto\tinfuse\tCPN\nshould\tbe\treserved\tfor\tthat\tpurpose\tonly.\tCatheters\tare\n\tinserted\tmost\tcommonly\tinto\tthe\tsubclavian\tvein\nand\tadvanced\tuntil\tthe\tcatheter\ttip\tis\tin\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\t...
[ -0.011935137212276459, -0.00881187617778778, 0.05805180221796036, -0.07241404801607132, -0.13996164500713348, 0.03301488608121872, 0.06484711170196533, 0.002338527701795101, 0.016042834147810936, 0.044404275715351105, 0.10029783844947815, -0.05677662789821625, 0.032786957919597626, 0.00023...
Alternatively,\tan\tinternal\tor\texternal\tjugular\tvein\tcatheter\tcan\tbe\tused\twith\tthe\tsame\tcatheter\ttip\nplacement.\tHowever,\tthe\tmotion\tof\tthe\tneck\tmakes\tthis\tsite\tmuch\tmore\tdifficult\tfor\tmaintaining\tthe\nsterility\tof\ta\tdressing.\tRadiologic\tverification\tof\tthe\n\ttip\tsite\tis\tnecessar...
[ 0.044514525681734085, -0.06382419914007187, 0.058775343000888824, -0.048388294875621796, -0.10810185223817825, 0.01887727901339531, 0.0854460597038269, -0.062076665461063385, 0.0335690975189209, 0.06109565496444702, 0.12228072434663773, -0.0347006656229496, 0.055503107607364655, 0.05545260...
tip\tsite\tis\tnecessary\tbefore\tinfusion\tof\tnutrients\tcan\nbegin.\tStrict\tinfection\tcontrol\tprotocols\tshould\tbe\tused\tfor\tcatheter\tplacement\tand\tmaintenance.\t\nFig.\t12.6\nshows\talternative\tvenous\taccess\tsites\tfor\tCPN;\tfemoral\tplacement\tis\talso\tpossible.\nFIG.\t12.6\nVenous\tsites\tfrom\twhic...
[ 0.002801273250952363, -0.03769934922456741, 0.06876766681671143, -0.03806396946310997, -0.05925360321998596, 0.030209578573703766, 0.12164288759231567, -0.006570839788764715, -0.02207585610449314, 0.04889335110783577, 0.13894495368003845, -0.023752771317958832, -0.001911414903588593, 0.000...
Venous\tsites\tfrom\twhich\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\tcava\tmay\tbe\taccessed.\nA\t\nperipherally\tinserted\tcentral\tcatheter\t(PICC)\n\tmay\tbe\tused\tfor\tshort-\tor\tmoderate-term\tinfusion\tin\nthe\thospital\tor\tin\tthe\thome.\tThis\tcatheter\tis\tinserted\tinto\ta\tvein\tin\tthe\tantecubital\tarea\tof\tthe\tarm\tand
[ -0.0019144993275403976, -0.004380113445222378, 0.057764749974012375, -0.03648807853460312, -0.09752856940031052, 0.005915809888392687, 0.09936994314193726, 0.017651550471782684, 0.021305100992321968, 0.05214235931634903, 0.07720614969730377, -0.03520223870873451, 0.012856804765760899, 0.05...
threaded\tinto\tthe\tsubclavian\tvein\twith\tthe\tcatheter\ttip\tplaced\tin\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\tcava.\tTrained\nnonphysicians\n\tcan\tinsert\ta\tPICC,\twhereas\tplacement\tof\ta\ttunneled\tcatheter\tis\ta\tsurgical\tprocedure.\tAll\ncatheters\tmust\thave\tradiologic\tconfirmation\tof\tthe\tplacement\tof\tthe\tcathete...
[ -0.012532067485153675, -0.04388047754764557, 0.05917444825172424, -0.049987584352493286, -0.17829284071922302, -0.008862726390361786, 0.044226501137018204, -0.02462846226990223, 0.019789107143878937, 0.04080751910805702, 0.09578920155763626, -0.048373837023973465, 0.018894247710704803, 0.0...
infusion.\nLong-term\tcentral\taccess\nA\tcommonly\tused\tlong-term\tcatheter\tis\ta\t“tunneled”\tcatheter.\tThis\tsingle-\tor\tmultiple-lumen\tcatheter\tis\nplaced\tin\tthe\tcephalic,\tsubclavian,\tor\tinternal\tjugular\tvein\n\tand\tfed\tinto\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\tcava\t(\nOpilla,\n2016
[ -0.06497599929571152, -0.0263439379632473, 0.059921931475400925, -0.04238060116767883, -0.14271032810211182, 0.005989996716380119, 0.04945547506213188, 0.00590802077203989, 0.020869944244623184, 0.018768176436424255, 0.06491055339574814, -0.07415426522493362, -0.002888938644900918, 0.02557...
and\tfed\tinto\tthe\tsuperior\tvena\tcava\t(\nOpilla,\n2016\n).\tA\tsubcutaneous\ttunnel\tis\tcreated\tso\tthat\tthe\tcatheter\texits\tthe\tskin\tseveral\tinches\tfrom\tits\tvenous\nentry\tsite.\tThis\tallows\tthe\tpatient\tto\tcare\tfor\tthe\tcatheter\tmore\teasily\tas\tis\tnecessary\tfor\tlong-term
[ 0.0006974319112487137, 0.009479847736656666, 0.07789742946624756, -0.04075969383120537, -0.14230559766292572, -0.0007403679192066193, 0.07366085797548294, 0.009343142621219158, 0.007745647802948952, 0.012271696701645851, 0.10387478768825531, -0.013327240943908691, 0.02905975840985775, 0.04...
infusion.\tAnother\ttype\tof\tlong-term\tcatheter\tis\ta\tsurgically\timplanted\tport\tunder\tthe\tskin\twhere\tthe\ncatheter\tnormally\twould\texit\tat\tthe\tend\n\tof\tthe\tsubcutaneous\ttunnel.\tA\tspecial\tneedle\tmust\taccess\tthe\nentrance\tport.\tPorts\tcan\tbe\tsingle\tor\tdouble;\tan\tindividual\tport\tis\tequ...
[ -0.0004195145738776773, -0.05829785019159317, 0.08504863828420639, -0.027307147160172462, -0.10900560021400452, -0.0028707124292850494, 0.06166674569249153, 0.01662801206111908, 0.011790597811341286, 0.0377998910844326, 0.09781297296285629, -0.025890441611409187, 0.025192374363541603, 0.06...