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What is the term for the process in which an area that has never before been colonized changes through time? | colony succession | continuous succession | environmental succession | ecological succession | Ecological succession is the process in which a community changes through time. Primary succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized. Secondary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. |
All the major landmasses moved together to form one supercontinent in which period? | Cenozoic | Mesozoic | cambrian | permian | During the Permian Period, all the major landmasses moved together to form one supercontinent. The supercontinent has been named Pangaea. You can see how it looked in Figure below . At this time, temperatures were extreme and the climate became very dry. As a result, plants and animals evolved ways to cope with dryness... |
A problem with using food chains to describe ecosystems is that some organisms can feed on or be consumed by species from more than one of what level? | pH level | biome level | habitat level | trophic level | There is a one problem when using food chains to accurately describe most ecosystems. Even when all organisms are grouped into appropriate trophic levels, some of these organisms can feed on species from more than one trophic level; likewise, some of these organisms can be eaten by species from multiple trophic levels.... |
What is the practical application of scientific principles and discoveries to develop things that make our lives easier? | component | Movement | experiment | engineering | Engineering is the practical application of scientific principles and discoveries to develop things that make our lives easier. Is medicine science or engineering? Justify your answer. |
In plants, a cell plate is formed during cell cytokinesis by golgi vesicles fusing at the what? | mitosis plate | tectonic plate | chromosomes plate | metaphase plate | Telophase I and Cytokinesis In telophase, the separated chromosomes arrive at opposite poles. The remainder of the typical telophase events may or may not occur, depending on the species. In some organisms, the chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes form around the chromatids in telophase I. In other organisms, c... |
What is the type of volcano with a tall cone shape that you picture when picturing a volcano? | inactive | advanced | active | composite | A composite volcano forms the tall cone shape you usually think of when you think of a volcano. Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloping volcanoes. Cinder cones are small, cone-shaped volcanoes. |
The amount of what entering the eyes helps control the biological clock? | heat | air | energy | light | In many species, including humans, circadian rhythms are controlled by a tiny structure called the biological clock . This structure is located in a gland at the base of the brain. The biological clock sends signals to the body. The signals cause regular changes in behavior and body processes. The amount of light enter... |
Protists are classified as animal-like, plant-like, or what else? | virus - like | bacteria - like | pathogen - like | fungus-like | Protists are classified as animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like. The three groups differ mainly in how they obtain carbon and energy. |
Satellite and schwann cells are the two types of what kind of cell found in the pns? | epidermal | dendritic | osteoclast | glial | Glial Cells of the PNS One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. Satellite cells are found in sensory and autonomic ganglia, where they surround the cell bodies of neurons. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. They provide support, performing simi... |
What compound has positive and negative ions? | covalent | hydrocarbon | protein | ionic | Ionic compounds have positive ions and negative ions. |
What can be calculated given the mass and speed of an object? | systematic energy | harmonic energy | residual energy | kinetic energy | Given the mass and speed of an object, calculate its kinetic energy. |
Earthquakes mark the motions of colliding plates and the locations where plates plunge into what? | the core | the mesosphere | the crust | the mantle | Convergent plate boundaries also produce strong, deadly earthquakes. Earthquakes mark the motions of colliding plates and the locations where plates plunge into the mantle. These earthquakes can be shallow, intermediate or deep focus. |
The ambrosia beetle bores holes in? | leaves | flowers | dirt | tree bark | Ambrosia beetles bore holes in tree bark and “plant” fungal spores in the holes. The holes in the bark give the fungi an ideal place to grow. The beetles harvest fungi from their “garden. ”. |
What effect, related to weather forecasting, occurs not only for sound but for any wave when there is relative motion between the observer and the source? | precipitation | pulse | echo | doppler | Mole-mole calculations are not the only type of calculations that can be performed using balanced chemical equations. Recall that the molar mass can be determined from a chemical formula and used as a conversion factor. We can add that conversion factor as another step in a calculation to make a molemass calculation, w... |
What is the science of how traits are passed from parents to offspring? | alleles | genetics | cross matching | heredity | science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring. |
When an electron transitions from an excited state to a less excited state, or ground state, the difference in energy is emitted as a what? | quark | neutron | nucleus | photon | which is identical to the Rydberg equation for R ∞ = k . When Bohr calculated his theoretical value for the hc Rydberg constant, R ∞, and compared it with the experimentally accepted value, he got excellent agreement. Since the Rydberg constant was one of the most precisely measured constants at that time, this level o... |
Water from the land and oceans enters the atmosphere by which process? | transpiration | absorption | condensation | evaporation | Figure 46.14 Water from the land and oceans enters the atmosphere by evaporation or sublimation, where it condenses into clouds and falls as rain or snow. Precipitated water may enter freshwater bodies or infiltrate the soil. The cycle is complete when surface or groundwater reenters the ocean. (credit: modification of... |
What country put seven salyut space stations into orbit between 1971 and 1982? | Japan | United States | China | soviet union | Between 1971 and 1982, the Soviets put a total of seven Salyut space stations into orbit. Figure below shows the last of these, Salyut 7. These were all temporary stations. They were launched and later inhabited by a human crew. Three of the Salyut stations were used for secret military purposes. The others were used t... |
The result of what, in places like the amazon rainforest, is that food will be harder to produce, clean water will be harder to find, and development of new medicines will become slower? | biological loss | environmnental loss | pollution loss | biodiversity loss | percent of the Amazon rainforest was lost. Rates are higher in other tropical rainforests. What we are likely to notice on a day-to-day basis as a result of biodiversity loss is that food will be more difficult to produce, clean water will be more difficult to find, and the rate of development of new medicines will bec... |
What does rising and sinking air influence in a region? | tides | temperature | erosion | precipitation | Rising and sinking air can influence the precipitation of a region. |
Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather what? | sound | electricity | magnetic force | light | Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather light. |
Via what process do substance move from one cell to another? | downregulation | reverse transferase | autolysis | plasmodesmata | |
What is a stellar remnant that is very dense? | white star | asteroids | the sun | white dwarf | A white dwarf is a stellar remnant that is very dense. A white dwarf's mass is comparable to the Sun and its volume is comparable to that of Earth. The very low brightness of a white dwarf comes from the emission of stored heat energy. |
What methods allow scientists to add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world? | close investigations | early investigations | slow investigations | through investigations | Investigations are at the heart of science. They are how scientists add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world. Scientific investigations produce evidence that helps answer questions. Even if the evidence cannot provide answers, it may still be useful. It may lead to new questions for inve... |
What is the largest level of organization? | protein | organelle | genome | organism | Levels of organization, from the atom (smallest) to the organism (largest). Notice that organelles are inside a cell, and organs are inside an organism. |
Living species of chordates are classified into three major subphyla: vertebrata, urochordata, and what? | xerophyte | spirogyra | invertebrates | cephalochordata | Living species of chordates are classified into three major subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone. The other two subphyla are invertebrate chordates that lack a backbone. |
What force explains why a tennis ball bounces differently on different surfaces, and shoes slip on some surfaces but stick on others? | temperature | kinetics | vibration | friction | Tennis is played on a variety of court surfaces: grass, clay, hardcourt, and even carpet. Players know that matches on different surfaces are distinctly different games. The ball bounces differently, and shoes slip on some surfaces but stick on others. These differences are a result of friction. |
The term ion applies to entire molecules that are? | neutrally charged | magnetic | positively charged protons | electrically charged | |
Silicon and germanium react with nitrogen at high temperature to form what? | isotopes | oxides | carbonates | nitrides | The cavities normally contain hydrated cations that are loosely bound to the oxygen atoms of the negatively charged framework by electrostatic interactions. The sizes and arrangements of the channels and cavities differ in different types of zeolites. For example, in zeolite A the aluminosilicate cages are arranged in ... |
What bond is the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions? | harmonic | magnetic | iconic | ionic | An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions. It forms when atoms of a metal transfer electrons to atoms of a nonmetal. When this happens, the atoms become oppositely charged ions. |
What is the pairing of an adult male to an adult female to produce young? | binary fission | evolution | asexual reproduction | mating | Some of the most important animal behaviors involve mating. Mating is the pairing of an adult male and female to produce young. Adults that are most successful at attracting a mate are most likely to have offspring. Traits that help animals attract a mate and have offspring increase their fitness. As the genes that enc... |
The cell expels waste and other particles through a process called what? | endocytosis | biosynthesis | metamorphisis | exocytosis | 3.6 Active Transport The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its electrical gradient. Living cells need certain substances in concentrations greater than they exist in the extracellular space. Moving substances up their electrochemical gradients requires energy from the cell. A... |
What are diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits examples of? | machine parts | computer parts | radio parts | electronic components | Electronic components are the parts used in electronic devices. They are made of p-type and n-type semiconductors. Examples of electronic components include diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits (microchips). |
Shedding of dead cells ensures constant renewal of what outer layer of the skin? | dermis | scale | cuticle | epidermis | The skin consists of two distinct layers, an outer layer called the epidermis and an inner layer called the dermis. The epidermis is constantly being renewed as dead cells on the surface are shed. This layer contains melanin-producing melanocytes. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and se... |
What causes cumulus clouds to grow upward? | mantle currents | moisture currents | gas currents | convection currents | Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus. |
What term is used to describe a region getting significantly less precipitation than normal for an extended period of time? | flood | dog days | doldrums | drought | Droughts also depend on what is normal for a region. A region that gets significantly less precipitation than normal for an extended period of time is in drought. The Southern United States is experiencing an ongoing and prolonged drought. |
What is the name for compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen? | carbides | particles | carbohydrates | hydrocarbons | The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction contains compounds called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The charcoal pictured in the Figure above consists of hydrocarbons. So do fossil fuels such as natural gas. Natural gas is a fuel that is commonly used in home f... |
What human disease is caused by a defective enzyme that is unable to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin and hair? | mutations | hemophilia | anemia | albinism | untreated, it produces severe brain damage and mental retardation. Albinism is caused by a defective enzyme that is unable to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin and hair. Cystic fibrosis, the most common inherited disease in the United States, blocks pancreatic function and causes thick mucu... |
Individuals with sickle cell anemia have crescent-shaped what? | nerve cells | glial cells | white blood cells | red blood cells | Figure 39.21 Individuals with sickle cell anemia have crescent-shaped red blood cells. (credit: modification of work by Ed Uthman; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). |
Nearly all weather occurs in the lower part of what? | the lithosphere | the mesosphere | the ionosphere | the atmosphere | All weather takes place in the atmosphere. Nearly all of it in the lower atmosphere. Weather refers to the conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. Climate is the average of weather over a long time. |
For skeletal development, the most common template is what? | collagen | calcium | membrane | cartilage | Cartilage Templates Bone is a replacement tissue; that is, it uses a model tissue on which to lay down its mineral matrix. For skeletal development, the most common template is cartilage. During fetal development, a framework is laid down that determines where bones will form. This framework is a flexible, semi-solid m... |
The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes which response? | blood | reaction | anxiety | inflammatory | The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation is caused by chemicals that ar... |
Hiv is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its rna genome into what? | amino acid chains | atp | ribosomes | dna | Figure 17.5 Viruses can be complex in shape or relatively simple. This figure shows three relatively complex virions: the bacteriophage T4, with its DNA-containing head group and tail fibers that attach to host cells; adenovirus, which uses spikes from its capsid to bind to the host cells; and HIV, which uses glycoprot... |
Plants can tell the time of day and time of year by sensing and using various wavelengths of what | precipitation | moisture | lunar cycles | sunlight | Plant Responses to Light Plants have a number of sophisticated uses for light that go far beyond their ability to photosynthesize low-molecularweight sugars using only carbon dioxide, light, and water. Photomorphogenesis is the growth and development of plants in response to light. It allows plants to optimize their us... |
In eukaryotes, the major mechanism for shuffling genes is what? | asexual reproduction | suggesting reproduction | subject reproduction | sexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction In eukaryotes, the major mechanism for shuffling genes is sexual reproduction. Because sex (usually) requires that organisms cooperate sex represents an example of social evolution. So what are the benefits of sexual reproduction? 342 Sexual reproduction involves the alternation of diploid (two copi... |
The vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts transport sperm from the epididymes to the urethra in what system? | cardiovascular system | famous reproductive system | digestive system | male reproductive system | In addition to these organs, the male reproductive system consists of a series of ducts and glands. Ducts include the vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts. They transport sperm from the epididymes to the urethra in the penis. Glands include the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. They secrete substances that become part... |
What do nearly all animals have in common with regards to digestion? | problematic digestion of food | external digestion of food | complete digestion of food | internal digestion of food | Virtually all animals have internal digestion of food. Animals consume other organisms and may use special tissues and organs to digest them. (Many other organisms absorb nutrients directly from the environment. ). |
What are the secretions released by the endocrine glands called? | enzymes | acids | fluids | hormones | Endocrine Glands The secretions of endocrine glands are called hormones. Hormones are released into the interstitial fluid, diffused into the bloodstream, and delivered to targets, in other words, cells that have receptors to bind the hormones. The endocrine system is part of a major regulatory system coordinating the ... |
What are chromosomes in the same pair called? | reversible chromosomes | homogeneous chromosomes | regulated chromosomes | homologous chromosomes | In sexually reproducing species, chromosomes are present in cells in pairs. Chromosomes in the same pair are called homologous chromosomes. They have the same genes at the same loci. These may be the same or different alleles. During meiosis, when gametes are produced, homologous chromosomes separate. They go to differ... |
What do you call plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll? | Leucoplasts | Gerontoplasts | Chromoplasts | chloroplasts | Chloroplasts are plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They capture light energy from the sun and use it to make food. A chloroplast is shown in Figure above . |
What important and unusual physical property (for birds) do ostriches and penguins share? | bonelessness | waterproofness | webbed feet | flightlessness | There are about 10,000 living species of birds. Almost all of them can fly. Flying birds are classified in 29 orders. Most species belong to the order of perching birds. A few birds are flightless, such as the ostrich and penguin, but they evolved from a flying ancestor. |
What are changes in membrane potential that vary continuously with the strength of a stimulus are known as? | kinetic energy | reverse potentials | variable potentials | graded potentials | |
The moon has a crust, mantle, and a? | mountain range | ice cap | magnetic field | core | The Moon has a crust, mantle, and core. |
What type of coal is formed at lower temperatures? | limestones | clean | calcareous | bituminous | Coal has different grades. Bituminous coal forms at lower temperatures. It contains a lot of sulfur. When it is burned, it causes a lot of pollution. Anthracite coal forms under higher temperatures. This drives off the sulfur, and the coal burns more cleanly. |
What can sodium ions not pass through? | narrowness lipid bilayer | Lipid Control | benthic lipid bilayer | nonpolar lipid bilayer | As an example, even though sodium ions (Na+) are highly concentrated outside of cells, these electrolytes are charged and cannot pass through the nonpolar lipid bilayer of the membrane. Their diffusion is facilitated by membrane proteins that form sodium channels (or “pores”), so that Na+ ions can move down their conce... |
What happens when the kidneys cannot remove wastes from the blood? | choanocyte failure | tissue failure | intestinal failure | kidney failure | Kidney failure happens when the kidneys cannot remove wastes from the blood. If the kidneys are unable to filter wastes from the blood, the wastes build up in the body. Kidney failure can be caused by an accident that injures the kidneys, the loss of a lot of blood, or by some drugs and poisons. Kidney failure may lead... |
What is another name for nearsightedness? | presbyopia | hyperopia | astigmatism | myopia | Myopia is also called nearsightedness. It affects about one third of people. People with myopia can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. The picture below shows how a person with myopia might see two boys that are a few meters away ( Figure below ). |
What is the innermost layer of the sun called? | Photosphere | Convection Zone | Chromosphere | the core | Because the Sun is not solid, it does not have a defined outer boundary. It does, however, have a definite internal structure with identifiable layers ( Figure below ). Since the layers are not solid, the boundaries are fuzzy and indistinct. From inward to outward, the layers are: the core, the radiative zone, and the ... |
What device is used to study charge? | microscope | microtome | nannostomus | electroscope | An electroscope is a device used to study charge. When a positively charged object (the rod) nears the upper post, electrons flow to the top of the jar leaving the two gold leaves postivley charged. The leaves repel each other since both hold postive, like charges. The VSEPR theory says that electron pairs, also a set ... |
What term is used to describe large numbers of species that go extinct in a short amount of time? | species extinction | formation extinction | organic extinction | mass extinction | Sometimes large numbers of species go extinct in a short amount of time. This is a mass extinction . The causes of different mass extinctions are different: collisions with comets or asteroids, massive volcanic eruptions, or rapidly changing climate are all possible causes of some of these disasters ( Figure below ). |
What is the tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule? | calcium | Cell Capsule | nitrogen | pollen | Pollen is a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule. Pollen carries sperm to an ovule while preventing the sperm from drying out. Pollen grains can't swim, but they are very light, so the wind can carry them. Therefore, they can travel through air instead of water. |
When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as which type of gas is produced? | nitrogen | chlorine | oxygen | hydrogren | When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced ( Figure below ). The production of a gas is also an indication that a chemical reaction may be occurring. |
Structural adaptations in flying animals often contribute to reduced what? | respiration | blood flow | eyesight | body mass | |
What diagram is used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms? | biodiversity tree | relationships tree | conceptual tree | phylogenetic tree | Classification and Phylogeny Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and relationships between organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. The hierarchical classification of groups nested within... |
What is the energy called that is stored in matter? | mechanical | stored energy | possible | potential | Potential energy is energy stored in matter. |
What is the term for traits that show wide variation, such as height, skin color, and eye color? | recessive traits | maladaptive traits | inherited traits | polygenic traits | Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait. For example, humans can be many different sizes. Height is a polygenic trait, controlled by at least three genes with six alleles. If you are dominant for all of the alleles for height, then you will be very tall. There is also a wide range of ski... |
Which system in the human body consists of the heart, a network of blood vessels, and blood? | circulatory system | cardiac system | nervous system | cardiovascular system | The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, a network of blood vessels, and blood. Blood is a liquid tissue. The heart is a pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels of the system. |
Volume is another way of measuring what? | height | length | weight | material | Volume is another way of measuring material. Gases cannot be easily weighed, but their volume can be determined quickly and accurately. Liquid chemicals as well as foods and beverages are also sold by volume. Gasoline for our cars and trucks is sold by the gallon. At the grocery store, we can buy a gallon of milk or a ... |
What do you call a science that aims to find solutions to practical problems? | evolved science | applied experience | experimental science | applied science | Life science may be basic or applied science. The aim of basic science is to gain new knowledge and a better understanding of the natural world. The aim of applied science is to find solutions to practical problems. |
What term describes weathering that occurs as water expands when it freezes, wedging apart rock? | erosion | chemical weathering | cleavage | mechanical weathering | form of mechanical weathering that occurs as water expands when it freezes, wedging apart rock. |
How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human cells? | 13 | 25 | 24 | 23 | Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each chromosome within a pair is called a homologous chromosome . For each of the 23 chromosome pairs, you received one chromosome from your father and one chromosome from your mother. Alleles are alternate forms of genes found on chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes have th... |
An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the most abundant component is what? | blood | air | oxygen | water | An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the most abundant component is water. The other substance(s) are typically introduced in a solid or liquid form and mixed into the water until they are evenly distributed. For example, if we placed a sample of ethanol in water and mixed it homogeneously, we would ha... |
What happens to light when it reflects from a rough surface? | becomes concentrated | reflects | becomes isolated | gets diffused | Figure 25.5 Light is diffused when it reflects from a rough surface. Here many parallel rays are incident, but they are reflected at many different angles since the surface is rough. |
Isothermal expansion is a process occurring without a change in? | precipitation | weight | variation | temperature | isothermal expansion is a process occurring without a change in temperature. |
Nearly all fish reproduce sexually and have what? | single sexes | modified sexes | flexible sexes | separate sexes | Nearly all fish reproduce sexually and have separate sexes. |
Cilia and flagella are generally associated with what function in organisms, whether the function is internal or external? | sight | digestion | reproduction | movement | Cilia ( cilium , singular) are made up of microtubule containing extensions of the cell membrane. Although both cilia and flagella are used for movement, cilia are much shorter than flagella. Cilia cover the surface of some single-celled organisms, such as paramecium. Their cilia beat together to move the little animal... |
Do particles collide more in two reactants when they are both in fluid forms or solid forms? | solid | plasma | neither | fluid | Phase and Surface Area Effects When two reactants are in the same fluid phase, their particles collide more frequently than when one or both reactants are solids (or when they are in different fluids that do not mix). If the reactants are uniformly dispersed in a single homogeneous solution, then the number of collisio... |
The process of moving from areas of high amounts to areas of low amounts is called what? | filtration | transfer | deposition | diffusion | They will all blend together. The dyes will move through the water until an even distribution is achieved. The process of moving from areas of high amounts to areas of low amounts is called diffusion. |
Vascular tissue allowed these plants to do what? | live shorter | grow smaller | have more flowers | grow taller | Seedless vascular plants evolved to have vascular tissue after the nonvascular plants but do not have seeds. Examples include the ferns, whisk ferns, club mosses, and horsetails. Vascular tissue allowed these plants to grow taller. |
What were the first forms of life on earth? | protists | aniryotes | eukaryotes | prokaryotes | Prokaryotes, the First Inhabitants of Earth When and where did life begin? What were the conditions on Earth when life began? Prokaryotes were the first forms of life on Earth, and they existed for billions of years before plants and animals appeared. The Earth and its moon are thought to be about 4.54 billion years ol... |
What warms the base of the mantle creating convection currents there? | molten lava | mantle soil | the hot regenerate | the hot core | The hot core warms the base of the mantle, which creates convection currents in the mantle. |
What do we call an incorrect test result that should have been positive? | personal negative | external positive | false positive | false negative | Cancer Proteomics Genomes and proteomes of patients suffering from specific diseases are being studied to understand the genetic basis of the disease. The most prominent disease being studied with proteomic approaches is cancer. Proteomic approaches are being used to improve screening and early detection of cancer; thi... |
The conversion factor between solubility and molar solubility of a compound is known as what? | molar value | mass effect | stochastic mass | molar mass | Solubility is normally expressed in g/L of saturated solution. However, solubility can also be expressed as the moles per liter. Molar solubility is the number of moles of solute in one liter of saturated solution. In other words, the molar solubility of a given compound represents the highest molarity solution that is... |
What describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell? | expulsion | autolysis | endocytosis | exocytosis | Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell, as shown in Figure below . Exocytosis occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin. Newly made memb... |
Out of the four ways that allele frequencies of a population can be changed, which way is caused by individuals leaving or joining the population? | mass extinction | Allopatric speciation | spontaneous mutation | gene flow | 11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution There are four factors that can change the allele frequencies of a population. Natural selection works by selecting for alleles that confer beneficial traits or behaviors, while selecting against those for deleterious qualities. Mutations introduce new alleles into a population. Genetic dri... |
What kind of bond doesn't form molecules, but instead forms crystals? | covalent bonds | electron bonds | magnetic bonds | ionic bonds | Ionic compounds contain ions of metals and nonmetals held together by ionic bonds. Ionic compounds do not form molecules. Instead, many positive and negative ions bond together to form a structure called a crystal. You can see an example of a crystal in Figure below . It shows the ionic compound sodium chloride. Positi... |
Where does the natural synthesis of lactose occur? | liver tissue | ovarian tissue | nervous tissue | mammary tissue | Lactose Lactose is known as milk sugar because it occurs in the milk of humans, cows, and other mammals. In fact, the natural synthesis of lactose occurs only in mammary tissue, whereas most other carbohydrates are plant products. Human milk contains about 7.5% lactose, and cow’s milk contains about 4.5%. This sugar is... |
The ratio between the radii of a wheel and axle determines what? | theoretical mechanical advantage | fundamental mechanical advantage | introduced mechanical advantage | ideal mechanical advantage | Just like it sounds, a wheel and axle is composed of two connected cylinders of different diameters. Since the wheel has a larger radius (distance) than the axle, the axle will always have a larger force than the wheel. The ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is dependent on the ratio between the radii:. |
What is the first stage of cellular respiration called? | photosynthesis | appetite | reproduction | glycolysis | When was the last time you enjoyed yogurt on your breakfast cereal, or had a tetanus shot? These experiences may appear unconnected, but both relate to bacteria which do not use oxygen to make ATP. In fact, tetanus bacteria cannot survive if oxygen is present. However, Lactobacillus acidophilus (bacteria which make yog... |
Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid being detected by what? | males | biology | viruses | predators | Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid being detected by predators. The tropical walking stick is an insect with the coloration and body shape of a twig, which makes it very hard to see when it is stationary against a background of real twigs (Figure 19.15a). In another example, the chameleon can cha... |
A reference point is used in measurement to make what? | regression | deviation | focal point | estimation | Estimation, as used in measurement, is the process of referencing a physical quantity in terms of a calibration or reference point. All measurement devices have reference marks of some kind. |
Why do adult herbivores in a herd surround their young? | to show them love | to protect them from other adult herbivores | to keep them warm on long cold nights | to protect them as they are vulnerable to predators | Herbivores such as zebras and elephants live in herds . Adults in the herd surround and protect the young, who are most vulnerable to predators. |
When orders are sent from your brain to your legs, these signals pass through what type of cells? | skin cells | mobility cells | molecules | nerve cells | Cells, like these nerve cells, do not work in isolation. To send orders from your brain to your legs, for example, signals pass through many nerve cells. These cells work together to perform a similar function. Just as muscle cells work together, bone cells and many other cells do as well. A group of similar cells that... |
What is the leading cause of soil erosion? | glacier movement | tidal winds | volcanic explosions | running water | The same agents that erode landscapes also erode soil. They are water, wind, ice, or gravity. Running water is the leading cause of soil erosion. Water is abundant and has a lot of power. Wind is also a leading cause of soil erosion. Wind can pick up soil and blow it far away. |
What class of organisms help decompose matter to release nutrients and make nutritious food for other organisms ? | coral | bacteria | yeast | fungi | If so, then you have encountered fungi . Fungi are organisms that belong to the Kingdom Fungi ( Figure below ). Our environment needs fungi. Fungi help decompose matter to release nutrients and make nutritious food for other organisms. Fungi are all around us and are useful in many ways. |
A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several what? | organisms | centuries | events | generations | A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations. A pedigree is commonly created for families, as it can be used to outlines the inheritance patterns of familial traits or genetic disorders. It can be used to demonstrate autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, or sex-linked inh... |
The release of calcium ions initiates what? | spasms | exhalation | cramps | muscle contractions | The release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubules” and what is their role? (b) Please describe how actinbinding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during cont... |
The electron released during beta decay is not an orbital electron but an electron whose origin was where? | orbiting the nucleus | outside the nucleus | connected to the nucleus | in the nucleus | The symbol represents an electron whose charge corresponds to and since it has no nucleons, . It must be carefully noted that the electron released during beta decay is NOT an orbital electron but an electron whose origin was in the nucleus. The process has one neutron becoming one proton and one electron and the elect... |
What is created by the polymerization of glucose? | carbonate | methane | glucose | cellulose | Zachary Wilson. Cellulose is created by the polymerization of glucose . CC BY-NC 3.0. |
Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation and either sexually or asexually via what lightweight, windblown structures? | ions | lesions | seeds | spores | 23.25 Fungal Reproduction Fungi can reproduce in two ways. Firstly, they make asexually produce through fragmentation. This occurs when pieces of hyphae are broken off, which then grow into new mycelia. The second method is by spores. Spores are lightweight structures and windblown designed to be transported over long ... |
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