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What happens to the temperature of a system during phase change? | decreases | increases | fluctuates rapidly | remains constant | This plot of temperature shows what happens to a 75 g sample of ice initially at 1 atm and −23°C as heat is added at a constant rate: A–B: heating solid ice; B–C: melting ice; C–D: heating liquid water; D– E: vaporizing water; E–F: heating steam. Thus the temperature of a system does not change during a phase change. I... |
What is the major cause of outdoor air pollution? | manufacturing industry | electric lines | agricultural equipment | burning fossil fuels | The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are burned in power plants, factories, motor vehicles, and home heating systems. Ranching and using chemicals such as fertilizers also cause outdoor air pollution. Erosion of soil in farm fields, mining activities, and construction si... |
Why does a metal spoon heat up quickly when placed in a hot drink? | convection | insulation | high specific heat | low specific heat | The Table below compares the specific heat of four different substances. Metals such as iron have low specific heat. It doesn’t take much energy to raise their temperature. That’s why a metal spoon heats up quickly when placed in a cup of hot coffee. Sand also has a relatively low specific heat. Water, on the other han... |
What does the megaspore mother cell produce after meiosis division? | two haploid megaspores | four diploid megaspores | two diploid megapores | four haploid megaspores | Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/pollen_release) to see a cedar releasing its pollen in the wind. Female Gametophyte The female cone also has a central axis on which bracts known as megasporophylls (Figure 32.10) are present. In the female cone, megaspore mother cells are present in the megasporangium. T... |
Synaptic connections can change over time depending on what? | age | weight | diet | activity level | |
What is the body of a roundworm covered with? | slime | thick scales | thin epidermis | tough cuticle | Roundworms have a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton. Their body is covered with tough cuticle. |
The end of the phospholipid molecule that is polar and attracts water is called what? | magnetic | cytosolic | hydrophobic | hydrophilic | Figure below shows how phospholipid molecules are arranged in a cell membrane. One end (the head) of each phospholipid molecule is polar and attracts water. This end is called hydrophilic ("water loving"). The other end (the tail) is nonpolar and repels water. This end is called hydrophobic ("water hating"). The nonpol... |
What is known as the universal solvent? | vinegar | oil | air | water | The ability of a solute to dissolve in a particular solvent is called solubility . Many chemical substances are soluble in water. In fact, so many substances are soluble in water that water is called the universal solvent. Water is a strongly polar solvent, and polar solvents are better at dissolving polar solutes. Man... |
Any organism that causes disease is called what? | a microbe | a parasite | a virus | a pathogen | You have ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in your body. Luckily for you, most of these bacteria are harmless. However, some of them can cause disease. Any organism that causes disease is called a pathogen . Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens include food poisoning, strep throat, and Lyme disease. |
Electric generators change kinetic energy to what type of energy? | intrinsic | thermal | light | electrical | Sources of voltage include electric generators and cells. Electric generators change kinetic energy to electrical energy. Chemical cells change chemical energy to electrical energy, and solar cells change solar energy to electrical energy. |
Brown algae are important commodities for what? | parasites | reptiles | fish | humans | |
What does the large central vacuole do? | heat water | use water | create glucose | store water | First, plant cells have a large central vacuole that holds a mixture of water, nutrients, and wastes. A plant cell's vacuole can make up 90% of the cell’s volume. The large central vacuole essentially stores water. In animal cells, vacuoles are much smaller. |
What is the ratio of solutes in a solution to a volume of solvent in a solution known as? | molality | equilibrium | molarity | osmolality | Regulation of Water Intake Osmolality is the ratio of solutes in a solution to a volume of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality is thus the ratio of solutes to water in blood plasma. A person’s plasma osmolality value reflects his or her state of hydration. A healthy body maintains plasma osmolality within a narrow... |
What type of rock contains concentrations of valuable minerals? | metamorphic | sedimentary | igneous | ores | A mineral deposit that contains enough minerals to be mined for profit is called an ore . Ores are rocks that contain concentrations of valuable minerals. The bauxite shown in the Figure below is a rock that contains minerals that are used to make aluminum. |
How many digits do primates have on each extremity? | three | ten | four | five | Primates have five digits (fingers or toes) on each extremity. Unlike the hooves of horses or the paddles of whales, the digits of primates are relatively unspecialized. Therefore, they can be used to do a variety of tasks, including grasping branches and holding tools. |
Dna is normally found within what region of a cell? | Golgi apparatus | genome sequence | mitochondria | nucleus | the nucleus. The nucleus contains one or more nucleoli, which serve as sites for ribosome synthesis. The nucleus houses the genetic material of the cell: DNA. DNA is normally found as a loosely contained structure called chromatin within the nucleus, where it is wound up and associated with a variety of histone protein... |
Water and carbon dioxide molecules are reactants in what plant process? | glycolysis | digestion | breathing | photosynthesis | Water and carbon dioxide molecules are reactants in the process of photosynthesis. Does this mean they are “food” for plants, algae, and blue-green bacteria? Use the definition of “food” to answer this question. |
Gene therapy is a type of what kind of engineering? | chemical engineering | mechanical engineering | electrical engineering | genetic engineering | Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture It is easy to see how biotechnology can be used for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of the genetic makeup of our species, the genetic basis of heritable diseases, and the invention of technology to manipulate and fix mutant genes provides methods to treat the disease. Biotechnolo... |
What is mass number? | the total number of protons and chondrichthyes in a nucleus | to total number of electrons and neutrons in a nucleus | to total number of protons and electrons in a nucleus | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus | All oxygen atoms have eight protons, and most have eight neutrons as well. What is the mass number of an oxygen isotope that has nine neutrons? What is the name of this isotope?. |
What rises through solid rocks where conditions are right? | nitrogen | crystals | water | magma | Lithospheric plates do a lot of moving on Earth's surface. Slabs of lithosphere smash into each other. They move sideways past each other along faults. Where conditions are right, magma rises through solid rock. It's no wonder that rocks experience stress! Rocks respond differently to different types of stress and unde... |
What is the connecting piece of a sperm packed with? | Gelatin | glucose | protein | mitochondria | The connecting piece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy to move. |
What is a diagram that shows a single way that energy flows throughout an ecosystem? | water cycle | fuel chain | dependent chain | food chain | A food chain is a simple diagram that shows one way energy flows through an ecosystem. Pictured below is an example of a food chain ( Figure below ). Producers form the base of all food chains. The consumers that eat producers are called primary consumers. The consumers that eat primary consumers are secondary consumer... |
Different colors of light differ in terms of which important attribute? | frequencies | lenses | prisms | wavelengths | Nobody really has such colorful eyes! The colors were added digitally after the photo was taken. They represent all the different colors of light. Light is a form of energy that travels in waves. Light of different colors has different wavelengths. |
Ion drives have low thrust but high what? | tolerance | power | acceleration | efficiency | Ion drives have low thrust but high efficiency. They have already been used on several space missions, including NASA’s Deep Space 1spacecraft and Japan’sHayabusa asteroid sampling probe. Source: Photo courtesy of NASA,http://commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Ion_Engine_Test_Firing_-_GPN2000-000482. |
For most waves, energy is proportional to what, a term that describes the height of the wave? | wave threshold | wave frequency | wave volume | wave amplitude | Light also behaves like a package of energy. It turns out that for light, the energy of the “package” of energy is proportional to its frequency. (For most waves, energy is proportional to wave amplitude, or the height of the wave. ) The mathematical equation that relates the energy (E) of light to its frequency is. |
What are the primary causes of bone fractures? | step impact or bending | overuse | spiral impact or bending | sideways impact or bending | Each ionic compound has its own unique name that comes from the names of the ions. |
Water is polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule, which is described by what term meaning "water-loving"? | cytosolic | aqueous | hydrophobic | hydrophilic | One end of each phospholipid molecule is polar, so it has a partial electric charge. Water is also polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule. This end of the phospholipid molecule is described as hydrophilic, which means “water loving. ”. |
What is produced when a base is dissolved in water? | ingredient ions | alkaline ions | synthesis ions | hydroxide ions | Acids are ionic compounds that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and react with metals. Bases are ionic compounds that produce negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and do not react with metals. Examples of acids are... |
What do mammals conserve heat with? | tendons or hair | fur or muscle | skin or bones | hair or fur | Mammals conserve heat with their hair or fur. It works like the layer of insulation in the walls of a house. It traps warm air next to the skin so it can’t escape into the environment. Like the squirrel in Figure below , most mammals can make their hair or fur stand up from the skin. This makes it a better insulator. M... |
What is a mutation that changes all or much of a particular chromosome? | muscular mutation | kinetic mutation | biochemical mutation | chromosomal mutation | A mutation that changes all or a large part of a chromosome is called a chromosomal mutation. This type of mutation tends to be very serious. Sometimes chromosomes are missing or extra copies are present. An example is the mutation that causes Down syndrome. In this case, there is an extra copy of one of the chromosome... |
Defined as a difference in electric potential energy, a source of what is required in order to produce an electrical current? | magnetism | wattage | momentum | voltage | Current requires a source of voltage, which is a difference in electric potential energy. Sources of voltage include chemical cells and solar cells. |
What hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms? | unsaturated hydrocarbons | caloric hydrocarbons | simple carbohydrates | saturated hydrocarbons | Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. |
What is a decrease in the magnitude of the membrane potential? | inflammation | digestion | ionization | depolarization | |
Water pollution occurs when chemicals, sewage, trash, or heat enter what? | natural resources | renewable resources | air resources | water resources | Water pollution occurs when chemicals, sewage, trash, or heat enter water resources. Water pollution is threatening the limited supply of clean, fresh water that human beings and other living things depend on. |
Radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay, decaying faster if their nuclei are more what? | stable | mature | immature | unstable | Different radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay. The more unstable their nuclei are, the faster they decay. |
Where can composite volcanoes most frequently be found? | astatine boundaries | divergent boundaries | transform boundaries | convergent boundaries | Composite volcanoes are common at convergent boundaries. Shield volcanoes are produced at divergent plate boundaries and intraplate. |
The digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of amphibians share a body cavity called what? | urethra | stoma | anus | cloaca | All amphibians have digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. All three systems share a body cavity called the cloaca. Wastes enter the cloaca from the digestive and excretory systems, and gametes enter the cloaca from the reproductive system. An opening in the cloaca allows the wastes and gametes to leave the bo... |
Vertebrates are a subphylum of what phylum? | porifera | arthropoda | hydrozoa | chordata | Vertebrates are a subphylum of the phylum Chordata. Like all chordates, vertebrates have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. What other characteristics do vertebrates have? What traits set them apart from invertebrate chordates?. |
What is the latin name for mercury? | spirogyra | trichina | stibium | hydrargyrum | In this image, you see small pools of elemental mercury. The Latin name for mercury is hydrargyrum, a compound word meaning “water-silver” (hydr- = water, -argyros = silver), since it is liquid like water but shiny like silver. Mercury is the only pure metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature. |
The brain is said to contain gray matter, while what related structure contains white matter separated into columns? | orbital lobe | brain stem | amygdala | spinal cord | White Columns Just as the gray matter is separated into horns, the white matter of the spinal cord is separated into columns. Ascending tracts of nervous system fibers in these columns carry sensory information up to the brain, whereas descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain. Looking at the spinal cord lo... |
What type of behavior occurs naturally in all animals of a given species? | reflex | learned | observational | innate | An innate behavior is any behavior that occurs naturally in all animals of a given species. An innate behavior is also called an instinct . The first time an animal performs an innate behavior, the animal does it well. The animal does not have to practice the behavior in order to get it right or become better at it. In... |
What orbits an atoms' nucleus? | isotopes | neutrally charged ions | positively charged protons | negatively charged electrons | An atom has negatively-charged electrons in orbit around its nucleus. |
What are the three forms of water as found in nature? | solid , mixture , gas | balanced , liquid , gas | ice, vapor, sleet | solid, liquid, gas | |
What type of digestion is chewing an example of? | fluid | electromagnetic | gravity | mechanical | |
How many major massive extinctions have been since life began on earth? | one | three | four | five | Since life began on Earth, there have been at least five major massive extinctions. |
What tool do scientist's use to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms? | photogenetic tree | conceptual tree | superficial tree | phylogenetic tree | Phylogenetic Trees Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evol... |
What kind of bonds are there between carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids? | chemical | electrical | double | single | In saturated fatty acids, there are only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, the carbons are saturated with hydrogen atoms. Saturated fatty acids are found in fats. Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy. |
In winter, water does what, becoming solid and causing hoses to rupture and engine blocks to crack? | fractures | crystallizes | shrinks | freeze | In the winter, the temperature often gets well below the freezing point of water. This condition can create problem in car radiators. If the water freezes, water hoses will break, the engine block can crack, and significant damage can be done to the car. |
Unlike archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of what? | hydrogen | substrates | phospholipids | peptidoglycan | Unlike Archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a polysaccharide capsule (Figure 3.5). The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration. The capsule enables the cell to attac... |
What happens to the crust if the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench? | forms a continent | ocean volcano | it cleaves | sinks into mantle | In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move. Seafloor spreading... |
Polygenic traits are controlled by more than one of these? | genomes | phenotypes | chromosomes | genes | Some traits are controlled by more than one gene. They are called polygenic traits. Each gene for a polygenic trait may have two or more alleles. The genes may be on the same or different chromosomes. Polygenic traits may have many possible phenotypes. Skin color and adult height are examples of polygenic traits in hum... |
What system plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis? | renal system | endocrine system | circulatory system | nervous system | Neural Regulation The nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. The primary regulatory sites include the cardiovascular centers in the brain that control both cardiac and vascular functions. In addition, more generalized neural responses from the limbic system and the autonomic ner... |
How many nonpolar bonds does an oxygen molecule have? | 3 | 5 | 7 | 2 | An oxygen molecule has two nonpolar bonds. This is called a double bond. The two oxygen atoms attract equally the four shared electrons. |
What type of disease occurs when the immune system fails to recognize the body's own molecules? | congenital | gastrointestinal | cardiac | autoimmune | Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system fails to recognize the body’s own molecules as “self,” or belonging to the person. Instead, it attacks body cells as though they were dangerous pathogens. There are more than 80 known autoimmune diseases. Recall that regulatory T cells help regulate the immune system. Wh... |
What organism is an important pioneer on cleared rock and soil surfaces, such as volcanic flows and burned forests? | pigment | cysts | algae | lichen | |
What hypothetical link between development of herbivores and plant defenses is observed in nature, for instance in seeds that are unsavory to animals? | natural selection | interconnection | abjection | coevolution | Animals and Plants: Herbivory Coevolution of flowering plants and insects is a hypothesis that has received much attention and support, especially because both angiosperms and insects diversified at about the same time in the middle Mesozoic. Many authors have attributed the diversity of plants and insects to pollinati... |
The term salt can refer to essentially any of what compounds? | solvent | absorption | metallic | ionic | where the term salt can refer to essentially any ionic compound. An example would be the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide:. |
Where is the hypothalamus–pituitary complex located in the body? | stem of the brain | tribulus of the brain | subthalamic of the brain | diencephalon of the brain | 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus The hypothalamus–pituitary complex is located in the diencephalon of the brain. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are connected by a structure called the infundibulum, which contains vasculature and nerve axons. The pituitary gland is divided into two distinct structures... |
Where is the guinea worm a serious problem? | ukraine | florida | russia | africa | Guinea worm is a serious problem in parts of Africa that is being eradicated. Learn what is being done to decrease the number of people suffering from this parasite at the video below:. |
The reaction of calcium oxide with carbon dioxide forms what? | nitrogen | nitrogen carbonate | carbon monoxide | calcium carbonate | The way in which a reaction is written influences the value of the enthalpy change for the reaction. Many reactions are reversible, meaning that the product(s) of the reaction are capable of combining and reforming the reactant(s). If a reaction is written in the reverse direction, the sign of the changes. For example,... |
Cilia or flagella structures give protists what ability? | eating | reproduction | breathing | movement | An animal-like protist, or a protozoa. These protists have the ability to move, usually with some sort of cilia or flagella, and must obtain their energy from other sources. But obviously, they are much simpler than animals. |
What is characterized by uncontrolled cell division of abnormal cells? | hepatitis | radiation | concussions | cancer | cell depletion, organ system failure, and impaired tissue injury responses. Telomerase reactivation in these mice caused extension of telomeres, reduced DNA damage, reversed neurodegeneration, and improved the function of the testes, spleen, and intestines. Thus, telomere reactivation may have potential for treating ag... |
Our global ecological footprint depends on resource use per person and what population factor? | population decrease | population fluctuation | population sample | population density | |
What do all sound waves begin with? | enclosing matter | oscillating matter | talking matter | vibrating matter | All sound waves begin with vibrating matter. The vibrations generate longitudinal waves that travel through matter in all directions. |
Animal starch, called glycogen, is stored in the liver and where else? | hands | kidneys | nerves | muscles | Note the Pattern Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional group and several hydroxyl groups, they can undergo a variety of reactions. Two familiar polysaccharides are starch and cellulose, which both hydrolyze to produce thousands of glucose units. They differ only in the connection between glucose units and th... |
Kepler's laws relate to the motion of what? | the sun | continents | oceans | planets | The system is isolated from other masses. This allows us to neglect any small effects due to outside masses. The conditions are satisfied, to good approximation, by Earth’s satellites (including the Moon), by objects orbiting the Sun, and by the satellites of other planets. Historically, planets were studied first, and... |
Colloids are used industrially as what? | solutions | organisms | impurities | catalysts | Suspensions and colloids are two common types of mixtures whose properties are in many ways intermediate between those of true solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Asuspension is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with diameters of about 1 µm (1000 nm) that are distributed throughout a second phase. Common suspensio... |
What is defined as the temperature plus precipitation of an area over a long period of time? | weather | conditions | environment | climate | Climate is the temperature plus precipitation of an area. Not just today, but over a long period of time. Climate affects chemical weathering. Chemical weathering increases as:. |
What manages the material and energy resources of the cell? | nucleus | cell wall | respiration | metabolism | |
What is the midpiece of sperm packed with? | urine | protein | glucose | mitochondria | The midpiece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy in the midpiece to move. |
Dry soils are relatively unproductive because plants need a sufficient quantity of liquid water to carry out what process? | flowering | contraction | shrinkage | photosynthesis | |
The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. however, there are certain nutrients that affect this? | chain health | mental health | abnormal health | bone health | Nutrition and Bone Tissue The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. However, there are certain nutrients that affect bone health. |
What type of plants supplement their mineral nutrition by digesting animals? | herbivorous | perennials | annuals | carnivorous | |
Daughter cells divide by what? | nucleus | electrolysis | mitosis | meiosis | The daughter cells then start to divide by meiosis . But they only go through the first of the two cell divisions of meiosis at that time. They go through the second stage of cell division after the female goes through puberty. |
Phytochromes regulate many plant responses to what? | oxygen | heat | gravity | light | |
Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to how many oxygen atoms? | three | one | four | two | Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to 2 oxygen atoms. |
Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to what metric? | birth rate | weight | height | age | Figure 19.4 Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to age. Humans and most mammals have a Type I survivorship curve, because death primarily occurs in the older years. Birds have a Type II survivorship curve, as death at any age is equally probable. Trees have a Type III surv... |
Electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms in which type of covalent bonds? | solar | wide | narrow | polar | In polar covalent bonds, electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms, so one atom is slightly negative in charge and one is slightly positive in charge. In nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally so the atoms remain neutral in charge. |
What is above each leaf scar? | stipule scar | chambered pitch | lenticel | an axillary bud | |
Ultimately, the fluid that is lost from the blood vessels is returned through what system? | urinary | symptomatic | venous | lymphatic | None of your blood vessels are leaking this badly, or you'd be in the hospital! But your blood vessels do leak a little bit. Water and solutes pass out of the blood vessels and help form the fluid that bathes your body's tissues. Ultimately the fluid that is lost from the blood vessels is returned through the lymphatic... |
What type energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases? | fossil | gas | animal | renewable | New technologies can be developed. Renewable energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases. These sources are discussed in the chapter Natural Resources . |
Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into what? | nitrogen | neon | carbon | helium | Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium. |
What is a measure of how hot or cold the air is? | relativity | precipitation | variation | temperature | |
Where are more of an insect's internal organs kept? | the chest cavity | the head | the thorax | the abdomen | An insect’s abdomen contains most of the internal organs. Like other arthropods, insects have a complete digestive system. They also have an open circulatory system and central nervous system. Like other terrestrial arthropods, they have trachea for breathing air and Malphigian tubules for excretion. |
What is the measure of kinetic energy of the particles in matter? | friction | energy | precipitation | temperature | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature indicates a measure of how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is an important parameter in chemistry. When a substance changes from solid to liquid, it is because there was an increase in the temperature... |
What is the name for the tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles? | ganglion | gills | vacuoles | alveoli | Finally, air passes from the bronchi into smaller passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. |
What is the source of most of the energy used? | the Moon | the Earth | fossil fuels | the sun | The Sun produces far more energy than humans can use. The Sun is also the source of most of the energy we use. Fossil fuels and wind energy, for example, originate with the Sun. So why don't we get all our energy from the Sun? For one reason, it's not always practical. |
What flows across the membrane resulting in changes in the membrane potential? | neutrons | electrons | acids | ions | |
The standard reduction potential can be determined by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at this? | electrode | Spinner | plasma | cathode | The standard reduction potential can be determined by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the cathode. The minus sign is necessary because oxidation is the reverse of reduction. E°cell = E°cathode − E°an... |
What are proteins made up of? | atoms acids | lewis acids | detected acids | amino acids | Proteins are formed when hundreds or even thousands of amino acids form amide bonds to make polymers. Proteins play a crucial role in living organisms. A carbohydrate is a compound that has the general formula Cn(H2O)n. Many carbohydrates are relatively small molecules, such as glucose:. |
What proteins synthesized in cells act as catalysts? | byproducts | hormones | virophages | enzymes | Chemical reactions constantly occur inside the cells of living things. However, under the conditions inside cells, most biochemical reactions would occur too slowly to maintain life. That’s where enzymes come in. Enzymes are catalysts in living things. Like other catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes are... |
What element is the sun mostly made up of? | helium | manganese | mercury | hydrogen | The Sun is mostly hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium. The material is in the form of plasma. |
What shape is the gametophyte in ferns? | diamond | circular | rectangular | heart-shaped | In ferns, the sporophyte is dominant and produces spores that germinate into a heart-shaped gametophyte. |
What makes sunsets appear red? | floral scattering | wavelength scattering | reflection scattering | rayleigh scattering | Beautiful sunsets are another manifestation of Rayleigh scattering that occurs when light travels long distances through the atmosphere. The blue light and some green is scattered away, making the sun appear red. |
Skeletal and muscular are examples of what type of system? | shell system | internal system | interior system | organ system | Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems. |
What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through? | absorbtion | diffraction | direction | reflection | Reflection of light occurs when light bounces back from a surface that it cannot pass through. If the surface is very smooth, the reflected light forms an image. |
What are butterflies and bees an example of? | parasites | spores | species | pollinators | |
What are clouds that form on the ground called? | canopy | haze | smoke | fog | Clouds form when air in the atmosphere reaches the dew point. Clouds may form anywhere in the troposphere. Clouds that form on the ground are called fog . |
What is formed when atoms of different elements bond together? | duality compound | univalent compound | phenotype compound | covalent compound | The two atoms that are held together in a covalent bond may be atoms of the same element or different elements. When atoms of different elements bond together, it forms a covalent compound. |
Where a cell resides, how it appears, and what it does define its what? | life cycle | minute race | slowing rate | development fate |
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