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so mars below means blood and war ", is a false cause fallacy. : 26 many astrologers claim that astrology is scientific. if one were to attempt to try to explain it scientifically, there are only four fundamental forces ( conventionally ), limiting the choice of possible natural mechanisms. : 65 some astrologe... | B) earth science |
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the valuable metals into individual constituents. = = metal and its alloys = = much effort has been placed on understanding iron – carbon alloy system, which includes steels and cast irons. plain carbon steels ( those that contain essentially only carbon as an alloying element ) are used in low - cost, high - ... | C) amalgams |
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the monocrystalline silicon neutron beam window is one of the key components of neutron spectrometers and thin circular plate. monocrystalline silicon is a brittle material and its strength is not constant but is consistent with the weibull distribution. the window is designed not simply through the average st... | B) mirrors |
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new crop traits as well as a far greater control over a food ' s genetic structure than previously afforded by methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding. commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when calgene first marketed its flavr savr delayed ripening tomato. to date most ... | C) livestock predation |
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manifold of dimension two ( see § topological surface ). a differentiable surface is a surfaces that is a differentiable manifold ( see § differentiable surface ). every differentiable surface is a topological surface, but the converse is false. a " surface " is often implicitly supposed to be contained in a e... | B) two |
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within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. a cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, car... | D) cell wall |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | D) lung |
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known as anaesthetics ) : concerned with the perioperative management of the surgical patient. the anesthesiologist ' s role during surgery is to prevent derangement in the vital organs ' ( i. e. brain, heart, kidneys ) functions and postoperative pain. outside of the operating room, the anesthesiology physici... | C) benign |
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techniques that provide heart and lung support. it is used primarily to support the lungs for a prolonged but still temporary timeframe ( 1 – 30 days ) and allow for recovery from reversible diseases. robert bartlett is known as the father of ecmo and performed the first treatment of a newborn using an ecmo ma... | D) skeleton |
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the scientific revolution. aristotle also contributed to theories of the elements and the cosmos. he believed that the celestial bodies ( such as the planets and the sun ) had something called an unmoved mover that put the celestial bodies in motion. aristotle tried to explain everything through mathematics an... | A) sun |
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inherited traits such as shape in pisum sativum ( peas ). what mendel learned from studying plants has had far - reaching benefits outside of botany. similarly, " jumping genes " were discovered by barbara mcclintock while she was studying maize. nevertheless, there are some distinctive genetic differences bet... | C) stolons |
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made of steel. the shoe is generally wider than the caisson to reduce friction, and the leading edge may be supplied with pressurised bentonite slurry, which swells in water, stabilizing settlement by filling depressions and voids. an open caisson may fill with water during sinking. the material is excavated b... | A) erosion |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | C) atmospheric pressure |
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within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. a cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, car... | D) molecules of cholesterol |
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tubers in potato is one example. particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, may develop instead of flowers, replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction and giving rise to clonal populations genetically identic... | A) asexual |
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it to divide into two daughter cells. these events include the duplication of its dna and some of its organelles, and the subsequent partitioning of its cytoplasm into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. in eukaryotes ( i. e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells ), there are two distinct... | A) cell cycle |
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is further subdivided into two broad categories : chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mineral processing, the extraction of meta... | C) electrons |
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invited contribution to annalen der physik ( expert opinion ).
28 size spectra of extensive air showers from 7 different experiments are analysed consistently. they are fitted by adjusting either 4 or 5 parameters : knee position, power law exponents above and below the knee, overall intensity and, in addition... | B) segmentation |
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of several methods used by plants to promote outcrossing. in many land plants the male and female gametes are produced by separate individuals. these species are said to be dioecious when referring to vascular plant sporophytes and dioicous when referring to bryophyte gametophytes. charles darwin in his 1878 b... | D) epididymis |
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, the other can often regrow it. in fact it is possible to grow an entire plant from a single leaf, as is the case with plants in streptocarpus sect. saintpaulia, or even a single cell – which can dedifferentiate into a callus ( a mass of unspecialised cells ) that can grow into a new plant. in vascular plants... | D) water-conducting cells |
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grains will result in some form of grain size distribution, which will have a significant impact on the ultimate physical properties of the material. in particular, abnormal grain growth in which certain grains grow very large in a matrix of finer grains will significantly alter the physical and mechanical pro... | C) boundaries |
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cobalt nanowires with a diameter in the range between 50 to 100nm can be prepared as single - crystal wires with the easy axis ( the c - axis ) perpendicular to the wire axis. the competition between the crystal anisotropy and demagnetization energy frustrates the magnetization direction. a periodic modulation... | D) magnetic field |
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a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy. popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco. most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate - rich... | B) chromoplasts |
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a minimum atmospheric temperature, or tropopause, occurs at a pressure of around 0. 1 bar in the atmospheres of earth, titan, jupiter, saturn, uranus and neptune, despite great differences in atmospheric composition, gravity, internal heat and sunlight. in all these bodies, the tropopause separates a stratosph... | A) boiling point |
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. a reaction is said to be exergonic if the final state is lower on the energy scale than the initial state ; in the case of endergonic reactions the situation is the reverse. a reaction is said to be exothermic if the reaction releases heat to the surroundings ; in the case of endothermic reactions, the react... | D) light |
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in gravitational lensing, the concept of optical depth assumes the lens is dark. several microlensing detections have now been made where the lens may be bright. relations are developed between apparent and absolute optical depth in the regime of the apparent and absolute brightness of the lens. an apparent op... | D) myopia |
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the inner crust of neutron stars consists of nuclei of various shapes immersed in a neutron gas and stabilized by the coulomb interaction in the form of a crystal lattice. the scattering of neutrons on nuclear inhomegeneities leads to the quantum correction to the total energy of the system. this correction re... | B) energy levels |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | A) liquid |
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also known as the gradient or slope. when two rivers of different sizes have the same fall, the larger river has the quicker flow, as its retardation by friction against its bed and banks is less in proportion to its volume than is the case with the smaller river. the fall available in a section of a river app... | A) erosion |
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ion or cation. when an atom gains an electron and thus has more electrons than protons, the atom is a negatively charged ion or anion. cations and anions can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts, such as the na + and cl− ions forming sodium chloride, or nacl. examples of polyatomic ions that do not spli... | D) positive |
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a watershed ( called a " divide " in north america ) over which rainfall flows down towards the river traversing the lowest part of the valley, whereas the rain falling on the far slope of the watershed flows away to another river draining an adjacent basin. river basins vary in extent according to the configu... | C) colon |
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, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterranean sea, but was not paved and was only partially maintained. in around 2, 000 bce, the minoans on the greek island of crete built a 50 km road leading from the palace of gortyn on the south side of the island, through the mountains, to the palace of knossos on t... | B) nitrogenous |
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##ply quickly, relatively easy to transform and can be stored at - 80 °c almost indefinitely. once a gene is isolated it can be stored inside the bacteria providing an unlimited supply for research. organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes. this could be the effect on the... | D) alleles |
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aquatic and most of the aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms are collectively described as algae, which is a term of convenience as not all algae are closely related. algae comprise several distinct clades such as glaucophytes, which are microscopic freshwater algae that may have resembled in form to th... | B) fungi |
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, tertiary, and quaternary ). the similarities among all known present - day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from their common ancestor. biologists regard the ubiquity of the genetic code as evidence of universal common descent for all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes... | B) genome |
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affect static bodies dynamics, the study of how forces affect moving bodies. dynamics includes kinematics ( about movement, velocity, and acceleration ) and kinetics ( about forces and resulting accelerations ). mechanics of materials, the study of how different materials deform under various types of stress f... | B) temperature |
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. nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction, and their use and control has been a major aspect of international policy since their debut. the design of a nuclear weapon is more complicated than it might seem. such a weapon must hold one or more subcritical fissile masses stable for deployment,... | D) critical mass |
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single carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds such as in methane, two double covalent bonds such as in carbon dioxide ( co2 ), or a triple covalent bond such as in carbon monoxide ( co ). moreover, carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carbon – carbon bonds such as octane or ring - like ... | D) chemical |
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shaping the cell. cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton. within the cytoplasm of a cell, there are... | D) lignin |
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( division of the nucleus ) is preceded by the s stage of interphase ( during which the dna is replicated ) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis ; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.... | A) divide and reproduce cells |
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all christian authors held that the earth was round. athenagoras, an eastern christian writing around the year 175 ad, said that the earth was spherical. methodius ( c. 290 ad ), an eastern christian writing against " the theory of the chaldeans and the egyptians " said : " let us first lay bare... the theory ... | D) nasal septum |
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with the system environment, which may be designed vessels — often laboratory glassware. chemical reactions can result in the formation or dissociation of molecules, that is, molecules breaking apart to form two or more molecules or rearrangement of atoms within or across molecules. chemical reactions usually ... | C) energy |
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and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists. this information can relay a great deal of information on how the land once was thousands of years ago and how it has changed over that ti... | C) biodiversity |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | D) valves |
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into seven out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long - term experiment. cartilage : lab - grown cartilage, cultured in vitro on a scaffold, was successfully used as an autologous transplant to repair patients ' knees. scaffold - free cartilage : cartilage generated without the use of exogen... | B) arcualia |
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inter - and intra - specific crosses between wild species and their hybrids. angiosperms with monoecious flowers often have self - incompatibility mechanisms that operate between the pollen and stigma so that the pollen either fails to reach the stigma or fails to germinate and produce male gametes. this is on... | C) pollination |
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. most cells are very small, with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers and are therefore only visible under a light or electron microscope. there are generally two types of cells : eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not. prokaryotes are single - celled organisms s... | A) hemoglobin |
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calculus and its application to physics and other sciences, it is rather common to consider a variable, say y, whose possible values depend on the value of another variable, say x. in mathematical terms, the dependent variable y represents the value of a function of x. to simplify formulas, it is often useful ... | A) four |
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scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on. generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e. g., the thermometer shows 37. 9 degrees c. but, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to expl... | A) hypothesis |
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soil erosion. plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, oxygen, biochemicals, and products for people, as well as creating and preserving soil. historically, all living things were classified as either animals or plants and botany covered the study of all organisms not considered ... | A) vascular |
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##l ( active ingredient in cannabis ), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants. others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products. for example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiat... | A) emergency |
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classified as an acid or a base. there are several different theories which explain acid – base behavior. the simplest is arrhenius theory, which states that an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions when it is dissolved in water, and a base is one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water... | C) salts |
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prominent functional groups that can be found in organisms : amino group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, phosphate group, and sulfhydryl group. in 1953, the miller – urey experiment showed that organic compounds could be synthesized abiotically within a closed system mimicking the conditions o... | D) proteins |
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ion or cation. when an atom gains an electron and thus has more electrons than protons, the atom is a negatively charged ion or anion. cations and anions can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts, such as the na + and cl− ions forming sodium chloride, or nacl. examples of polyatomic ions that do not spli... | A) bases |
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other electrons either in bonds or in lone pairs. thus, molecules exist as electrically neutral units, unlike ions. when this rule is broken, giving the " molecule " a charge, the result is sometimes named a molecular ion or a polyatomic ion. however, the discrete and separate nature of the molecular concept u... | C) 18 |
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scale. thus, solutions that have a low ph have a high hydronium ion concentration and can be said to be more acidic. the other measurement, based on the brønsted – lowry definition, is the acid dissociation constant ( ka ), which measures the relative ability of a substance to act as an acid under the brønsted... | D) an electrolytic cell |
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electromagnetic induction. the transmission speed ranges from 2 mbit / s to 10 gbit / s. twisted pair cabling comes in two forms : unshielded twisted pair ( utp ) and shielded twisted - pair ( stp ). each form comes in several category ratings, designed for use in various scenarios. an optical fiber is a glass... | A) refracted or scattered |
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##vary. ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms. = = plant physiology = = plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. chemicals obtained from th... | C) annual |
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are commonly referred to as " cross - hatching ". phantom – ( not shown ) are alternately long - and double short - dashed thin lines used to represent a feature or component that is not part of the specified part or assembly. e. g. billet ends that may be used for testing, or the machined product that is the ... | A) fallopian tubes |
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interaction between tannin and bovine serum albumin ( bsa ) was examined by the fluorescent quenching. the process of elimination between bsa and tannin was the one of a stationary state, and the coupling coefficient was one. the working strength between the tannin and the beef serum was hydrophobic one.
corti... | A) hearing |
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stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. large, fl... | B) stems |
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tubers in potato is one example. particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, may develop instead of flowers, replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction and giving rise to clonal populations genetically identic... | C) zygospore |
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two planetary nebulae are shown to belong to the sagittarius dwarf galaxy, on the basis of their radial velocities. this is only the second dwarf spheroidal galaxy, after fornax, found to contain planetary nebulae. their existence confirms that this galaxy is at least as massive as the fornax dwarf spheroidal ... | C) milky way |
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##ta together form the monophyletic group or clade streptophytina. nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. they include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free - ... | C) ferns |
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various charge pairings in strongly correlated electron systems are interpreted as quantum entanglement of a composite system. particles in the intermediate phase have a tendency to form the coherent superposition state of the localized state and the itinerant state, which induces the entanglement of both part... | C) female |
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the thickness and the density of the material to be measured. the method is used for containers of liquids or of grainy substances thickness gauges : if the material is of constant density, the signal measured by the radiation detector depends on the thickness of the material. this is useful for continuous pro... | B) relative atomic masses |
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is the scientific study of inheritance. mendelian inheritance, specifically, is the process by which genes and traits are passed on from parents to offspring. it has several principles. the first is that genetic characteristics, alleles, are discrete and have alternate forms ( e. g., purple vs. white or tall v... | D) sexual reproduction |
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higher concentrations of atmospheric nitrous oxide ( n2o ) are expected to slightly warm earth ' s surface because of increases in radiative forcing. radiative forcing is the difference in the net upward thermal radiation flux from the earth through a transparent atmosphere and radiation through an otherwise i... | C) warmer water |
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star clusters can be found in galaxy mergers, not only in central regions, but also in the tidal debris. in both the eastern and western tidal tails of ngc 3256 there are dozens of young star clusters, confirmed by their blue colors and larger concentration index as compared to sources off of the tail. tidal t... | B) open clusters |
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unspecialised cells ) that can grow into a new plant. in vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots. roots are often adapted to store food such as sugars or starch, as in sugar beets and carrots. stems mainly provide support to the leaves ... | A) pollen |
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according to brønsted – lowry acid – base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction ; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion. a third common theory is lewis acid – base theory, which is based on the formation of ... | A) water |
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high quality thread. the power loom was invented by edmund cartwright in 1787. in the mid - 1750s, the steam engine was applied to the water power - constrained iron, copper and lead industries for powering blast bellows. these industries were located near the mines, some of which were using steam engines for ... | B) generation of electricity |
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in a voltaic cell, positive ( negative ) ions flow from the low ( high ) potential electrode to the high ( low ) potential electrode, driven by an ` electromotive force ' which points in opposite direction and overcomes the electric force. similarly in a superconductor charge flows in direction opposite to tha... | D) an electric generator |
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electrons, creating radicals. most radicals are comparatively reactive, but some, such as nitric oxide ( no ) can be stable. the " inert " or noble gas elements ( helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon ) are composed of lone atoms as their smallest discrete unit, but the other isolated chemical elements... | B) 90 |
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the surface of the membrane, retentate is removed from the same side further downstream, whereas the permeate flow is tracked on the other side. in dead - end filtration, the direction of the fluid flow is normal to the membrane surface. both flow geometries offer some advantages and disadvantages. generally, ... | D) endocytosis and exocytosis |
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reversing the flow of time between casimir plates raises the question of whether or not a recently deceased, intact organism could be brought back to life. the odds are not good.
in 2023, 639, 300 people died in france, 35, 900 fewer than in 2022, a year of high mortality. over the last twenty years, from 2004... | C) extinct |
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pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. a single fertilised egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc. as it continues to divide. the p... | A) inside the female plant after fertilization |
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scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on. generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e. g., the thermometer shows 37. 9 degrees c. but, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to expl... | D) calibration |
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higher concentrations of atmospheric nitrous oxide ( n2o ) are expected to slightly warm earth ' s surface because of increases in radiative forcing. radiative forcing is the difference in the net upward thermal radiation flux from the earth through a transparent atmosphere and radiation through an otherwise i... | C) lower density |
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. biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physics and physical chemistry to study biological systems. biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. a knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation ... | A) ethology |
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, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterranean sea, but was not paved and was only partially maintained. in around 2, 000 bce, the minoans on the greek island of crete built a 50 km road leading from the palace of gortyn on the south side of the island, through the mountains, to the palace of knossos on t... | C) horsepower |
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aquatic and most of the aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms are collectively described as algae, which is a term of convenience as not all algae are closely related. algae comprise several distinct clades such as glaucophytes, which are microscopic freshwater algae that may have resembled in form to th... | D) cnidarians |
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strangelets ( stable lumps of quark matter ) can have masses and charges much higher than those of nuclei, but have very low charge - to - mass ratios. this is confirmed in a relativistic thomas - fermi model. the high charge allows astrophysical strangelet acceleration to energies orders of magnitude higher t... | D) voltage |
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elongation and the control of flowering. abscisic acid ( aba ) occurs in all land plants except liverworts, and is synthesised from carotenoids in the chloroplasts and other plastids. it inhibits cell division, promotes seed maturation, and dormancy, and promotes stomatal closure. it was so named because it wa... | D) leaves |
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reaction to proceed more rapidly without being consumed by it — by reducing the amount of activation energy needed to convert reactants into products. enzymes also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell ' s environment or to signals from other c... | D) oxidative fibers |
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generation of direct current in zigzag carbon nanotubes due to harmonic mixing of two coherent electromagnetic waves is being considered. the electromagnetic waves have commensurate frequencies of omega and two omega. the rectification of the waves at high frequencies is quite smooth whiles at low frequencies ... | D) high frequency waves |
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biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. it is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of life. central to biology are five fundamental themes : the cell as the... | C) alive |
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##d product that is the focus of a tooling drawing. lines can also be classified by a letter classification in which each line is given a letter. type a lines show the outline of the feature of an object. they are the thickest lines on a drawing and done with a pencil softer than hb. type b lines are dimension... | B) alleles |
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substrate - level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. = = = photosynthesis = = = photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism ' s metabolic activities via cellular respiration. this chemic... | B) calvin cycle |
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the structural components of cells. as a by - product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise so... | C) nutrients |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | A) orbitals |
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chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. it is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions : their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they under... | B) system |
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are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together. such behaviors are studied in a chemistry laboratory. the chemistry laboratory stereotypically uses various forms of laboratory glassware. however glassware ... | B) energy |
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in chemical thermodynamics. a reaction is feasible only if the total change in the gibbs free energy is negative, δ g ≤ 0 { \ displaystyle \ delta g \ leq 0 \, } ; if it is equal to zero the chemical reaction is said to be at equilibrium. there exist only limited possible states of energy for electrons, atoms ... | C) equilibrium |
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species occupying the same geographical area at the same time. a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. they can be either of the same species ( intraspecific interactions ), or of different species ( interspecific interactions ). these ... | B) keystone |
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this third part of the lecture series deals with the question : who will pay for your retirement? for western europe the answer may be ` ` nobody ' ', but for algeria the demography looks more promising.
the world is changing at an ever - increasing pace. and it has changed in a much more fundamental way than ... | B) growth rate |
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the d68 ringlet is the innermost narrow feature in saturn ' s rings. prior to 2014, the brightness of this ringlet did not vary much with longitude, but sometime in 2014 or 2015 a series of bright clumps appeared within d68. these clumps were up to four times brighter than the typical ringlet, occurred within ... | B) saturn |
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known as " algae " have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue - green pigment chlorophyll a. chlorophyll a ( as well as ... | B) uranus |
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= = organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon bonded to another element such as hydrogen. with the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, enabling it to form diverse, large, and complex molecu... | D) hydrocarbons |
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is collected and processed to extract valuable metals. ore bodies often contain more than one valuable metal. tailings of a previous process may be used as a feed in another process to extract a secondary product from the original ore. additionally, a concentrate may contain more than one valuable metal. that ... | A) core |
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