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you noticed any weight loss, change in sleep quality, fevers, lumps and bumps? etc. ), followed by questions on the body ' s main organ systems ( heart, lungs, digestive tract, urinary tract, etc. ). social history ( sh ) : birthplace, residences, marital history, social and economic status, habits ( including... | D) homeostasis |
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three major planets, venus, earth, and mercury formed out of the solar nebula. a fourth planetesimal, theia, also formed near earth where it collided in a giant impact, rebounding as the planet mars. during this impact earth lost $ { \ approx } 4 $ \ % of its crust and mantle that is now is found on mars and t... | B) melted iron |
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parts of australia have been privileged to see dazzling lights in the night sky as the aurora australis ( known as the southern lights ) puts on a show this year. aurorae are significant in australian indigenous astronomical traditions. aboriginal people associate aurorae with fire, death, blood, and omens, sh... | C) plasma |
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kidneys and the majority of those currently in use are extracorporeal, such as with hemodialysis, which filters blood directly, or peritoneal dialysis, which filters via a fluid in the abdomen. in order to contribute to the biological functions of a kidney such as producing metabolic factors or hormones, some ... | B) kidneys |
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quantum mechanics is interpreted by the adjacent vacuum that behaves as a virtual particle to be absorbed and emitted by its matter. as described in the vacuum universe model, the adjacent vacuum is derived from the pre - inflationary universe in which the pre - adjacent vacuum is absorbed by the pre - matter.... | D) gravity |
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manifold of dimension two ( see § topological surface ). a differentiable surface is a surfaces that is a differentiable manifold ( see § differentiable surface ). every differentiable surface is a topological surface, but the converse is false. a " surface " is often implicitly supposed to be contained in a e... | A) heat |
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shaping the cell. cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton. within the cytoplasm of a cell, there are... | A) dehydration |
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the hun tian theory ), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely ( the hsuan yeh theory ), the earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly. the model of an egg was often used by chinese astronomers such as zhang heng ( 78 – 139 ad ) to describe the heavens as sp... | B) monotremes |
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, tertiary, and quaternary ). the similarities among all known present - day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from their common ancestor. biologists regard the ubiquity of the genetic code as evidence of universal common descent for all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes... | A) genetic |
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eat them. plants and other photosynthetic organisms are at the base of most food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be used by animals. this is what ecologists call the first trophic level. the modern forms of the maj... | D) heterotrophs |
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used to manufacture existing medicines relatively easily and cheaply. the first genetically engineered products were medicines designed to treat human diseases. to cite one example, in 1978 genentech developed synthetic humanized insulin by joining its gene with a plasmid vector inserted into the bacterium esc... | C) transformation |
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species occupying the same geographical area at the same time. a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. they can be either of the same species ( intraspecific interactions ), or of different species ( interspecific interactions ). these ... | D) mutualism |
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carbon chains are sometimes considered as possible carriers of some diffuse interstellar bands. spectroscopic observations in uv band carried by spectrometer stis fed with hst, give us the possibility to detect many interstellar molecules. we focused our attention on c2 molecule and we detected it in spectra o... | C) polysaccharides |
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in a voltaic cell, positive ( negative ) ions flow from the low ( high ) potential electrode to the high ( low ) potential electrode, driven by an ` electromotive force ' which points in opposite direction and overcomes the electric force. similarly in a superconductor charge flows in direction opposite to tha... | C) voltage |
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some topics which can be easily explained to undergraduate students are presented, with elementary derivations. for a more systematic treatment of heavy - quark physics, see the textbook by manohar and wise.
. this, he argued, would have been more persuasive and would have produced less controversy. the use of... | C) scientific theories |
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##lling, pipe jacking and other operations. a caisson is sunk by self - weight, concrete or water ballast placed on top, or by hydraulic jacks. the leading edge ( or cutting shoe ) of the caisson is sloped out at a sharp angle to aid sinking in a vertical manner ; it is usually made of steel. the shoe is gener... | A) convection |
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. this, he argued, would have been more persuasive and would have produced less controversy. the use of poetic imagery based on the concepts of the macrocosm and microcosm, " as above so below " to decide meaning such as edward w. james ' example of " mars above is red, so mars below means blood and war ", is ... | B) angular |
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set of chemical reactions with other substances. however, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ). molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral a... | A) five |
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substrate - level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. = = = photosynthesis = = = photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism ' s metabolic activities via cellular respiration. this chemic... | D) glucose |
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according to brønsted – lowry acid – base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction ; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion. a third common theory is lewis acid – base theory, which is based on the formation of ... | C) stinging ants |
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as dental implants and synthetic bones. hydroxyapatite, the natural mineral component of bone, has been made synthetically from a number of biological and chemical sources and can be formed into ceramic materials. orthopedic implants made from these materials bond readily to bone and other tissues in the body ... | D) water |
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plant cells and tissues, whereas plant morphology is the study of their external form. all plants are multicellular eukaryotes, their dna stored in nuclei. the characteristic features of plant cells that distinguish them from those of animals and fungi include a primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharide... | A) organ |
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prominent functional groups that can be found in organisms : amino group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, phosphate group, and sulfhydryl group. in 1953, the miller – urey experiment showed that organic compounds could be synthesized abiotically within a closed system mimicking the conditions o... | D) protein |
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in one or more of these kinds of structures, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light ; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less e... | A) gas molecules |
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listen ), generally in that order, although auscultation occurs prior to percussion and palpation for abdominal assessments. the clinical examination involves the study of : abdomen and rectum cardiovascular ( heart and blood vessels ) general appearance of the patient and specific indicators of disease ( nutr... | D) blood pressure |
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and cell phones are a particular challenge because the stream of data can interfere with focusing and learning. although these technologies affect adults too, young people may be more influenced by it as their developing brains can easily become habituated to switching tasks and become unaccustomed to sustaini... | A) oxidation |
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the structural components of cells. as a by - product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise so... | A) food? |
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photons ( bosons ) confined in a hollow waveguide containing an atomic gas could show spin - charge separation, which is more commonly associated with one - dimensional fermions.
the boron buckyball avoids the high symmetry icosahedral cage structure. the previously reported ih symmetric structure is not an en... | C) four |
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the origin of the martian moons deimos and phobos is controversial. one hypothesis for their origin is that they are captured asteroids, but the mechanism requires an extremely dense martian atmosphere, and the mechanism by which an asteroid in solar orbit could shed sufficient orbital energy to be captured in... | B) meteorites |
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set of chemical reactions with other substances. however, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ). molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral a... | A) wave properties |
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the gene is expressed or what other genes it interacts with. these experiments generally involve loss of function, gain of function, tracking and expression. loss of function experiments, such as in a gene knockout experiment, in which an organism is engineered to lack the activity of one or more genes. in a s... | B) proto-oncogenes |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | B) cardiovascular system |
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participates as a consumer, resource, or both in consumer – resource interactions, which form the core of food chains or food webs. there are different trophic levels within any food web, with the lowest level being the primary producers ( or autotrophs ) such as plants and algae that convert energy and inorga... | B) true |
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cell or tissue growth in vitro. a physiological environment can consist of many different parameters such as temperature, pressure, oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration, or osmolality of fluid environment, and it can extend to all kinds of biological, chemical or mechanical stimuli. therefore, there are syst... | C) gas law |
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graphene oxide ( go ) is one of the important functional materials. large - scale synthesis of it is very challenging. following a simple cost - effective route, large - scale go was produced by mechanical ( ball ) milling, in air, of carbon nanoparticles ( cnps ) present in carbon soot in the present study. t... | D) fullerenes |
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of these cellular components. the different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic phase of an animal cell cycle — the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. the cell cycle is a vital process by which a single - celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organis... | B) fertilization |
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##als force. each of these kinds of bonds is ascribed to some potential. these potentials create the interactions which hold atoms together in molecules or crystals. in many simple compounds, valence bond theory, the valence shell electron pair repulsion model ( vsepr ), and the concept of oxidation number can... | C) gravity |
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protist cells ), there are two distinct types of cell division : mitosis and meiosis. mitosis is part of the cell cycle, in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. in general,... | A) cell division |
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i suggest that the main process that amplifies magnetic fields in cooling flows in clusters and group of galaxies is a jet - driven dynamo ( jedd ). the main processes that are behind the jedd is the turbulence that is formed by the many vortices formed in the inflation processes of bubbles, and the large scal... | C) hydrogen |
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current in passing over from one concave bank to the next on the opposite side. the lowering of such a shoal by dredging merely effects a temporary deepening, for it soon forms again from the causes which produced it. the removal, moreover, of the rocky obstructions at rapids, though increasing the depth and e... | A) heat |
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the most abundant molecule in every organism. water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution. once dissolved in water, these solutes are more likely to come in contact with one an... | B) individual molecules |
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mwco, molecular weight cut off, with units in dalton ). it is defined as the minimum molecular weight of a globular molecule that is retained to 90 % by the membrane. the cut - off, depending on the method, can by converted to so - called d90, which is then expressed in a metric unit. in practice the mwco of t... | B) molarity |
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a cell. there are generally four types of chemical signals : autocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, and hormones. in autocrine signaling, the ligand affects the same cell that releases it. tumor cells, for example, can reproduce uncontrollably because they release signals that initiate their own self - division. in... | A) nervous system signals |
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scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on. generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e. g., the thermometer shows 37. 9 degrees c. but, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to expl... | B) nearsightedness and farsightedness |
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polyatomic ions that do not split up during acid – base reactions are hydroxide ( oh− ) and phosphate ( po43− ). plasma is composed of gaseous matter that has been completely ionized, usually through high temperature. = = = acidity and basicity = = = a substance can often be classified as an acid or a base. th... | D) water |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | A) isotopes |
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a polygon is a shape that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain or circuit. these segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon ' s vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners. the interior of the polygon is s... | B) elastic potential energy |
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i suggest that the main process that amplifies magnetic fields in cooling flows in clusters and group of galaxies is a jet - driven dynamo ( jedd ). the main processes that are behind the jedd is the turbulence that is formed by the many vortices formed in the inflation processes of bubbles, and the large scal... | C) turbulence |
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set of chemical reactions with other substances. however, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ). molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral a... | C) polarization |
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into seven out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long - term experiment. cartilage : lab - grown cartilage, cultured in vitro on a scaffold, was successfully used as an autologous transplant to repair patients ' knees. scaffold - free cartilage : cartilage generated without the use of exogen... | D) whale shark |
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into seven out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long - term experiment. cartilage : lab - grown cartilage, cultured in vitro on a scaffold, was successfully used as an autologous transplant to repair patients ' knees. scaffold - free cartilage : cartilage generated without the use of exogen... | D) umbilical vein |
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is the scientific study of inheritance. mendelian inheritance, specifically, is the process by which genes and traits are passed on from parents to offspring. it has several principles. the first is that genetic characteristics, alleles, are discrete and have alternate forms ( e. g., purple vs. white or tall v... | D) genetic drift |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | D) anaerobic |
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the curvature radiation is applied to the explain the circular polarization of frbs. significant circular polarization is reported in both apparently non - repeating and repeating frbs. curvature radiation can produce significant circular polarization at the wing of the radiation beam. in the curvature radiati... | D) kyphosis |
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the nervous system. these kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of : ( 1 ) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or ( 2 ) stimulus evoked responses. subspecialties include electroencephalography, electromyography, evoked potential, nerve conduction study and polysomnography. sometime... | C) central and peripheral |
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to a region of deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) that carries genetic information that controls form or function of an organism. dna is composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. it is found as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes.... | D) dna |
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tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. tissue engineering often involves the use of cells pl... | A) four |
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one of the greatest discoveries of modern times is that of the expanding universe, almost invariably attributed to hubble ( 1929 ). what is not widely known is that the original treatise by lemaitre ( 1927 ) contained a rich fusion of both theory and of observation. stiglers law of eponymy is yet again affirme... | C) distances |
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dimension 3, typically r3. a surface that is contained in a projective space is called a projective surface ( see § projective surface ). a surface that is not supposed to be included in another space is called an abstract surface. = = examples = = the graph of a continuous function of two variables, defined o... | D) rolling friction |
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excavates, stramenopiles, plants, rhizarians, amoebozoans, fungi, and animals. five of these clades are collectively known as protists, which are mostly microscopic eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi, or animals. while it is likely that protists share a common ancestor ( the last eukaryotic common... | A) their characteristics |
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= = organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon bonded to another element such as hydrogen. with the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, enabling it to form diverse, large, and complex molecu... | A) carbon-carbon single bonds |
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the curvature radiation is applied to the explain the circular polarization of frbs. significant circular polarization is reported in both apparently non - repeating and repeating frbs. curvature radiation can produce significant circular polarization at the wing of the radiation beam. in the curvature radiati... | C) shallow part |
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young plant cells, and electroporation, which involves using an electric shock to make the cell membrane permeable to plasmid dna. as only a single cell is transformed with genetic material, the organism must be regenerated from that single cell. in plants this is accomplished through the use of tissue culture... | D) adaptatioins |
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lines are dimension lines and are used for dimensioning, projecting, extending, or leaders. a harder pencil should be used, such as a 2h pencil. type c lines are used for breaks when the whole object is not shown. these are freehand drawn and only for short breaks. 2h pencil type d lines are similar to type c,... | B) evenly spaced lines |
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##ta together form the monophyletic group or clade streptophytina. nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. they include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free - ... | D) whisk ferns |
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light and cold extrasolar planets such as ogle 2005 - blg - 390lb, a 5. 5 earth - mass planet detected via microlensing, could be frequent in the galaxy according to some preliminary results from microlensing experiments. these planets can be frozen rocky - or ocean - planets, situated beyond the snow line and... | D) reservoirs |
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in 1738. the spinning jenny, invented in 1764, was a machine that used multiple spinning wheels ; however, it produced low quality thread. the water frame patented by richard arkwright in 1767, produced a better quality thread than the spinning jenny. the spinning mule, patented in 1779 by samuel crompton, pro... | D) electrical power |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | B) mesosphere |
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a comparison of the sensitivities of methods which allow us to determine the coordinates of a moving hot body is made.
considered the father of modern neuroscience. from new zealand and australia came maurice wilkins, howard florey, and frank macfarlane burnet. others that did significant work include william ... | D) the hypothalamus |
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. respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. the overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions. although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in... | D) glycolysis |
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charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them. more than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom. the chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of van ... | C) neutral |
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listen ), generally in that order, although auscultation occurs prior to percussion and palpation for abdominal assessments. the clinical examination involves the study of : abdomen and rectum cardiovascular ( heart and blood vessels ) general appearance of the patient and specific indicators of disease ( nutr... | C) two |
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participates as a consumer, resource, or both in consumer – resource interactions, which form the core of food chains or food webs. there are different trophic levels within any food web, with the lowest level being the primary producers ( or autotrophs ) such as plants and algae that convert energy and inorga... | A) heterotrophs |
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designates the relationship between two or more variables. conceptual definition : description of a concept by relating it to other concepts. operational definition : details in regards to defining the variables and how they will be measured / assessed in the study. gathering of data : consists of identifying ... | D) samples |
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it to divide into two daughter cells. these events include the duplication of its dna and some of its organelles, and the subsequent partitioning of its cytoplasm into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. in eukaryotes ( i. e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells ), there are two distinct... | A) cytokinesis |
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river - beds ), but not for where there may be large obstructions in the ground. an open caisson that is used in soft grounds or high water tables, where open trench excavations are impractical, can also be used to install deep manholes, pump stations and reception / launch pits for microtunnelling, pipe jacki... | B) volcanoes |
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sequences. genetic engineering is also used to create animal models of human diseases. genetically modified mice are the most common genetically engineered animal model. they have been used to study and model cancer ( the oncomouse ), obesity, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, substance abuse, anxiety, aging... | A) voluntary |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | C) greenhouse effect |
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. historically, metallurgy has predominately focused on the production of metals. metal production begins with the processing of ores to extract the metal, and includes the mixture of metals to make alloys. metal alloys are often a blend of at least two different metallic elements. however, non - metallic elem... | D) igneous |
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eat them. plants and other photosynthetic organisms are at the base of most food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be used by animals. this is what ecologists call the first trophic level. the modern forms of the maj... | D) photosynthesis |
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##tase, human chorionic gonadotrophin, α - fetoprotein and others are organ - associated antigens and the production of monoclonal antibodies against these antigens helps in determining the nature of a primary tumor. monoclonal antibodies are especially useful in distinguishing morphologically similar lesions,... | A) brain |
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becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently flowing rivers with a comparatively regular discharge. the irregular flow of rivers throughout their course forms one of the main difficulties in devising works for mitigating inun... | A) air masses |
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applications, where neither weight nor corrosion are a major concern. cast irons, including ductile iron, are also part of the iron - carbon system. iron - manganese - chromium alloys ( hadfield - type steels ) are also used in non - magnetic applications such as directional drilling. other engineering metals ... | D) pole |
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the value of excess charge in the kernel of massive body ( and the opposite in sign excess charge at the surface ) caused by the influence of gravitational forces is determined.
and the creation of genetically modified crops. = = = epigenetics = = = epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene functio... | A) four |
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it is well known and well established by scientific observation that a free neutron radioactively decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti - neutrino with a mean life time before decay of about 900 seconds. that established fact conflicts sharply with the hypothesis that the neutron is composed of tw... | D) the nucleus |
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by assuming that the kinetic energy, potential energy, momentum, and some other physical quantities of a particle exist in the field out of the particle, the schrodinger equation is an equation describing field of a particle, but not the particle itself.
energy is no doubt an intuitive concept. following a pre... | C) temperature |
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the cell ' s dna, or mitochondria, which generate adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) to power cellular processes. other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus play a role in the synthesis and packaging of proteins, respectively. biomolecules such as proteins can be engulfed by lysosomes, anot... | B) mitochondria |
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, valence bond theory is less applicable and alternative approaches, such as the molecular orbital theory, are generally used. = = = energy = = = in the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular or aggregate structure. since a chemical transformation ... | B) gas |
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high temperature superconducting ( hts ) tape can be cut and stacked to generate large magnetic fields at cryogenic temperatures after inducing persistent currents in the superconducting layers. a field of 17. 7 t was trapped between two stacks of hts tape at 8 k with no external mechanical reinforcement. 17. ... | A) synaptic |
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assuming only statistical mechanics and general relativity, we calculate the maximal temperature of gas of particles placed in ads space - time. if two particles with a given center of mass energy come close enough, according to classical gravity they will form a black hole. we focus only on the black holes wi... | A) kelvin scale |
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used by pharmaceutical companies as a way of drug discovery. plants can synthesise coloured dyes and pigments such as the anthocyanins responsible for the red colour of red wine, yellow weld and blue woad used together to produce lincoln green, indoxyl, source of the blue dye indigo traditionally used to dye d... | C) globin |
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( or underlined when italics are not available ). the evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny. phylogenetic studies attempt to discover phylogenies. the basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships. as an example, s... | B) interbreeding |
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listen ), generally in that order, although auscultation occurs prior to percussion and palpation for abdominal assessments. the clinical examination involves the study of : abdomen and rectum cardiovascular ( heart and blood vessels ) general appearance of the patient and specific indicators of disease ( nutr... | B) prone |
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a rydberg gas of no entrained in a supersonic molecular beam releases electrons as it evolves to form an ultracold plasma. the size of this signal, compared with that extracted by the subsequent application of a pulsed electric field, determines the absolute magnitude of the plasma charge. this information, co... | B) it is released |
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is the electrostatic force of attraction between them. for example, sodium ( na ), a metal, loses one electron to become an na + cation while chlorine ( cl ), a non - metal, gains this electron to become cl−. the ions are held together due to electrostatic attraction, and that compound sodium chloride ( nacl )... | A) oxygen |
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is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. the combination is the name of the species. when writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised ( or... | B) coevolution |
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the hun tian theory ), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely ( the hsuan yeh theory ), the earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly. the model of an egg was often used by chinese astronomers such as zhang heng ( 78 – 139 ad ) to describe the heavens as sp... | B) the ovaries |
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fluid dynamics video demonstrating the evolution of dynamic stall on a wind turbine blade.
muck ) from the edge of the workspace to a water - filled pit, connected by a tube ( called the muck tube ) to the surface. a crane at the surface removes the soil with a clamshell bucket. the water pressure in the tube ... | C) trachea |
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ability of cells to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. signals can be non - chemical such as light, electrical impulses, and heat, or chemical signals ( or ligands ) that interact with receptors, which can be found embedded in the cell membrane of another cell or locat... | C) aggregate |
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, depending on the type of receptor. for instance, neurotransmitters that bind with an inotropic receptor can alter the excitability of a target cell. other types of receptors include protein kinase receptors ( e. g., receptor for the hormone insulin ) and g protein - coupled receptors. activation of g protein... | B) factor |
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