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code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:253 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #253 | Medium | The fund in FixedPrice or LPDA may be locked if finalId is set improperly | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L51
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/253 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:249 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #249 | Medium | tokenUriDelegate of Escher721.sol is not guaranteed to be initialized | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721.sol#L57-L59
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
updateURIDelegate allows URI_SETTERs to set tokenUriDelegate to a potentially unitialized TokenUriDelegate. If the URI_SETTER forgets to initialize the tokenUriDelegate, then an attacke... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/249 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:240 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #240 | Medium | `LPDA` auction sale may never end under certain situations | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Under certain situations `LPDA` auction may never sell out all items. The sales income and fees have to leave in the contract.
## Proof of Concept
With current coding logic, a normal `L... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/240 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:239 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #239 | Medium | `FixedPrice` sale may never end under certain situations | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Under certain situations `FixedPrice` sale may never sell out all items. The sales income and fees have to leave in the contract.
## Proof of Concept
With current coding logic, a ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/239 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:235 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #235 | Medium | Setting `sale.price` to 0 for `OpenEdition` sale loses all NFTs | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L82
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEditionFactory.sol#L29
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If an artist carelessly sets a sale with `sale.price = 0`, anybody can get any number... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/235 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:230 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #230 | Medium | Implements transfer() for sending ether | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/230 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:228 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #228 | Medium | Denial of Service - FixedPrice and LPDA are missing claim funds functionality | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/228 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:226 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #226 | Medium | payable.transfer() can lead to locked funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99-L106
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/bl... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/226 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:220 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #220 | Medium | `OpenEdition.buy` buy amount error | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In the `OpenEdition` contract, the user can buy a different amount than expected.
## Proof of Concept
The following proof of concept wants to... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/220 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:218 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #218 | Medium | Multimillion dollar loss | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L71
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
if someone buy `1,208,925.819614629174706175` ethers or more `(1208925819614629174706175 + 1)` to `LPDA` contract, the million of ethers will be locke... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/218 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:217 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #217 | Medium | LPDA sale revenue permanently locked | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In `LPDA` sale if the creator is interacting with escher through a proxy contract or multisig wallet such as Gnosis safe, the revenue from the sales ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/217 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:214 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #214 | Medium | `LPDA` auction sale may never end | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In some situations (e.g. the sales amount never reaches the amount for auction), `LPDA` auction sale may never end. When this happens, the seller/artist cannot get the sales imcome and t... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/214 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:213 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #213 | Medium | `FixedPrice` sale may never end | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In some situations (e.g. the sold amount never reaches the amount for sale), `FixedPrice` sale may never end. When this happens, the seller/artist cannot get the sales imcome and t... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/213 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:210 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #210 | Medium | Missing checks for zero value of `sale.price` in Contract `FixedPrice/FixedPriceFactory` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L29-L38
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L78-L82
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If an NFT creator creates a sale with an incorrect price 0, any buyer can purch... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/210 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:208 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #208 | Medium | Creator won't be able to withdraw sale's profit if he doesn't manage to sell all tokens | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L146-L148
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
This one affects LPDA and Fixed Price contracts, since those end only when the creator ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/208 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:207 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #207 | Medium | Sale and its funds might freeze, in case that the tokens up for sale were minted externally | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L74
# Vulnerability details
The sales contracts are supposed to mint a specific range of token IDs, however there's no guarantee that those tokens weren't minted previously or wouldn't be ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/207 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:206 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #206 | Medium | Use of transfer in a payable address instead of call in buy function of LPDA contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The use of transfer() will revert the transaction when the receiver is a contract and when one of the following conditions is met:
+ The contract doe... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/206 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:202 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #202 | Medium | Sale revenue is frozen if sale does not end | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If not all the sales NFT id... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/202 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:200 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #200 | Medium | Non-Creators can Create an Open Edition, Fixed Price, or LDSA sale | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L30
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEditionFactory.sol#L30
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/200 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:199 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #199 | Medium | Potentially Sale Receiver and Fee Receiver not receiving sale funds and sale fee from a FixedPrice Sale | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L49-L53
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Currently for a FixedPrice sale that started, the only way for it to end is when the entire token id range in the FixedPrice instance gets s... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/199 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:197 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #197 | Medium | NFT Buyers lose their refund in LPDA sales. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In `LPDA` sales, buyers that buy NFT will lose all their refund. (Permanent loss of funds).
The buyers impacted are buyers that their account is a ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/197 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:194 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #194 | Medium | Fixed Price: Funds will Become Stuck if Final ID is Never Reached | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L50-L53
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Funds in a fixed-... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/194 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:193 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #193 | Medium | Transfer of sales fees uses the unsafe 'transfer()' function | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/193 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:190 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #190 | Medium | CURATOR_ROLE Is Never Assigned To Any Addresses | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher.sol#L27-L29
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Absence of CURATOR, So contract will unable to onboard creators
## Proof of Concept
Contests Docs saying that "Users can be added as a Curator or a Creator. Curators are able to onboard c... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/190 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:182 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #182 | Medium | call() should be used instead of transfer() on an address payable | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/182 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:181 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #181 | Medium | EIP2981 not properly implemented - setTokenRoyalty is missing | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L14
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`setTokenRoyalty()` is not implemented in `Escher721`.
## Proof of Concept
`setTokenRoyalty()` is not implemented in the `Escher721.sol` and it means ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/181 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:179 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #179 | Medium | Creators can not claim sales until they sell all NFTs listed | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Creators can not claim sales until all the listed NFTs are sold.
## Proof of Concept
For `FixedPrice` sales and `LPDA` sales, there is no way... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/179 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:177 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #177 | Medium | Listing existing NFTs will break the sales process and funds will be locked | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If an existing NFT id is included in the range `currentId`~`finalId`, the sales process will not work and in the worst case (LPDA) the funds will be ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/177 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:176 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #176 | Medium | Editions should be checked if they are actually deployed from the legitimate Escher721Factory | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L29
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/176 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:175 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #175 | Medium | `OpenEdition.buy()` might revert due to uint overflow when it should work. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L63
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`OpenEdition.buy()` might revert due to uint overflow when it should work.
## Proof of Concept
`OpenEdition.buy()` validates the total funds l... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/175 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:171 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #171 | Medium | Failed fee transfer on sale `_end` will block sales proceeds from being claimed. Potentially locking them forever. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L112
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L89-L94
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blo... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/171 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:166 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #166 | Medium | Sale ends abruptly when final item is bought, preventing previous buyers from refunding | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L87
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99-L106
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In `LPDA`, users are allowed to call `refund()` after buying to effectively change their price paid ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/166 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:164 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #164 | Medium | Volatile price in `LPDA` may cause users calls to `buy()` to revert/overpay | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L63-L64
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Due to the unpredictability of `block.timestamp`, it is impossible for a user to send the exact co... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/164 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:162 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #162 | Medium | Non-creators are able to deploy `Escher721` contracts | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721.sol#L25
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Currently, the `Escher` contract stores the artists that are eligable to create `Escher721` contracts using `Escher721Factory`.
`Escher721Factory.createContract()` reverts if called by a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/162 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:160 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #160 | Medium | Ether may become trapped in contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L87
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In `FixedPrice` and `LPDA`, the only way to retreive ether proceeds is the internal function `_e... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/160 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:158 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #158 | Medium | Some functions calls native payable.transfer, which can be unusable for smart contract calls | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109-L110
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
FixedPrice._end/LPDA.buy/LPDA.refund/OpenEdition.finalize use payable.transfer to send eth to the user.
This is unsafe as transfer has har... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/158 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:155 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #155 | Medium | Deprecated usage of `transfer()` to send Ether | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/155 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:154 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #154 | Medium | Critical flaw in the `LPDA` contract allows users to buy NFTs after sales end risking financial loss. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Description
The `buy()` function in the `LPDA` contract is designed to allow users to purchase non-fungible tokens (NFTs) from a fixed-price sale. However, there is a critical flaw in the f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/154 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:153 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #153 | Medium | In OpenEditionFactory contract, it does not check if the implementation contract is actually an instance of the OpenEdition contract. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEditionFactory.sol#L23
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
It is possible that an attacker could set the implementation contract to a different contract that has the same function signatures, whi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/153 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:151 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #151 | Medium | `currentId` clash with already minted token ID breaks `buy` function and can result in loss of funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L65-L67
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L73-L75
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/151 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:150 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #150 | Medium | The contract can underflow when `refunding` buyers. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99-L106
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The `LPDA` contract has a `refund ()` function where buyers will be able to get a refund on the current price difference. However, the implementa... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/150 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:149 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #149 | Medium | Escher721 does not implement setTokenURI()/setTokenRoyalty() | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L64-L69
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The documentation says that authors can specify metadata and royalties for NFTs with specific IDs via setTokenURI()/setTokenRoyalty()
```
1. Set up t... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/149 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:147 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #147 | Medium | Sales can be broken when the NFT in the sale is minted by other minter | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L62-L67
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When the author creates a sale of Escher721, the id of the NFT bought by the user is incremented.
```solidity
uint48 newId = uint48(... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/147 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:145 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #145 | Medium | Never ending sale results in loss of funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/145 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:142 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #142 | Medium | Enhanced Visibility and Transparency in Escher721 Smart Contract. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L97
# Vulnerability details
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The new requirements and checks added to the contract will help to provide better visibility and transparency into the contrac... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/142 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:138 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #138 | Medium | Bug Finding: Reviewing the FixedPriceFactory Contract for Security and Accuracy. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L33
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The new require statements and checks added to this contract help to ensure that the input parameters are within the expected range, that... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/138 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:137 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #137 | Medium | Use of Transfer instead of call when sending ETH | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The project uses the... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/137 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:135 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #135 | Medium | Malicious owners can arbitrarily change fee to any % value | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L42-L44
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEditionFactory.sol#L42-L44
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L46-L48
# Vulnerability... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/135 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:134 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #134 | Medium | Usage of deprecated transfer to send ETH | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The original transfer used to send eth uses a fixed stipend of 2300 gas. This was used to prevent reentrancy. However, this limits your protocol to interact with other contracts that ne... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/134 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:133 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #133 | Medium | TOKEN TRANSFERS DO NOT VERIFY THAT THE TOKENS WERE SUCCESSFULLY TRANSFERRED | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Some tok... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/133 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:132 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #132 | Medium | User's may accidentally overpay in buy() and the excess will be paid to the sale creator | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L64
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
It is possible for a user purchasing an option to accidentally overpay the premium during buy().
## Proof of Concept
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LP... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/132 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:130 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #130 | Medium | LPDA: Buying after end time possible | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/1e6414d4dac5a821ffa8adad571080f5f91dfbeb/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L62
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
According to the [provided documentation](https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher#last-price-dutch-auction-lpda) in the GitHub repository, we hav... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/130 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:127 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #127 | Medium | There is no way retrieve the funds from the `FixedPrice.sol` contract if NFTs are not completely sold out. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/127 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:126 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #126 | Medium | A malicious `feeReceiver()` can reenter and steal all funds from the `saleReceiver()` when sale ends. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L112
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Note that th... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/126 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:124 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #124 | Medium | Users can severely overpay for editions if they are not aware of the maximum `amount` buyable with `FixedPrice.sol` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When a user `buy()` editions, they can choose the number of editions they want to purchase. However, due to an explicit downcast on a `uint2... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/124 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:123 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #123 | Medium | Artist can cancel Sale at any time by revoking MINTER_ROLE | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L50
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/123 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:121 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #121 | Medium | Funds locked in `FixedPrice` contract if no one is willing to buy tokens | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Only way to withdraw funds from `FixedPrice` contract is when all tokens are bought and `buy` function calls `end`. There is a possibility that few tokens are bought and henc... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/121 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:120 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #120 | Medium | USING ```transfer()``` IS NOT RECOMMENDED | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/s... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/120 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:119 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #119 | Medium | Possible DOS IN BUY() FUNCTION OF LPDA CONTRACT | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The ```buy()``` function will call ```_end()``` when the ```finalId``` is reached, but before that it depends on ```transfer``` function which can fail if ```saleReceiver``` is smar... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/119 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:116 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #116 | Medium | Usage of transfer over call may result in failure if receiver is smart contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/116 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:111 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #111 | Medium | LPDA & FixedPrice: the only way to end the sale is through the buy function. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L87
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The sale ends when the `buy` function is called and the newly minted `tokenId` equals the `Sale.... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/111 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:109 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #109 | Medium | Escher721.sol: Royalty Reciever can be set to address(0) causing loss of funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L64-L69
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
If `receiver` is `address(0)` then this will allow the funds to be essentially `burned`
## Proo... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/109 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:107 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #107 | Medium | potential overflow with `amount` parameter may have unintended effects | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L59
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/107 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:106 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #106 | Medium | Reliance on deprecated `selfdestruct` to deliver sales proceeds will break the protocol when `selfdestruct` removed from Solidity. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L112
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L120-L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
FixedSale... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/106 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:105 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #105 | Medium | Creator can mint tokens in Escher721 contract separately to the sale | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721.sol#L44
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L66
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The creator is granted ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/105 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:103 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #103 | Medium | FixedPrice.sol: NFT can be minted to unretrievable address | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L66
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L51-L53
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`mint` calls `Escher721` fu... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/103 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:99 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #99 | Medium | Use of `payable.transfer()` Might Render ETH Impossible to Withdraw | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/m... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/99 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:93 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #93 | Medium | LPDA refund() function can lock user refunds if they submitted from a smart contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In LPDA.sol, the `refund()` function calculates the difference between what a user spent in the auction and their actual cost (calculated as final pr... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/93 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:91 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #91 | Medium | saleReceiver with logic in receive() or fallback() function will lead to funds permanently stuck in LPDA contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Using `.transfer` to transfer ETH only sends 2300 gas along with the call.
If a creator selects a `saleReceiver` that is a contract with any logi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/91 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:90 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #90 | Medium | Unsafe downcasting to set sale.finalPrice in LPDAs | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L82
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
After an LPDA auction is ended, the final price is locked in as follows:
```solidity
sale.finalPrice = uint80(price);
```
This unsafe downcasting ca... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/90 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:89 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #89 | Medium | Creators of LPDA auctions cannot withdraw funds if auction doesn't sell out at final price | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In an LPDA auction, the price falls from `startPrice` down to `startPrice - (dropPerSecond * (endTime - startTime)`. At this point, the auction co... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/89 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:88 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #88 | Medium | tokenURI function not included in Generative.sol | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/uris/Generative.sol#L1-L31
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Generative.sol is intended to create generative URIs. It sets a seed base and scripts, but doesn't implement any `tokenURI()` function to displa... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/88 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:82 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #82 | Medium | Royalty functionality described in docs does not exist | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L64-L69
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The documentation describes the ability to set the royalties on a token-by-token basis using the `setTokenRoyalty` function. However, this function d... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/82 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:80 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #80 | Medium | Use a obsolete function transfer to send eth | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
Solidity’s transfer() and send() use a hardcoded gas amount which might change in the future.
Th... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/80 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:76 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #76 | Medium | Transfer function may revert and may stuck funds in smartcontract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L87
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/m... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/76 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:71 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #71 | Medium | call() should be used instead of transfer() | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/71 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:69 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #69 | Medium | Refund may be stuck forever in the LPDA sale contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L98-L106
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If buyers do not come back to refund, value can be stuck forever in LPDA contract
Buyer may forget, may consider it's too few value or may be lazy.
Moreover some other bugs (like t... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/69 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:68 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #68 | Medium | Escher721 contract does not have setTokenRoyalty function | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L10-L99
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
On the code4rena page of this contest there is a "SALES PATTERNS" section that describes the flow of how to use Sales:
[https://code4rena.com/cont... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/68 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:58 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #58 | Medium | Funds can be locked forever for `saleReceiver` and `feeReceiver` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In ` FixedPriceSale.sol`, there is no mechanism to withdraw funds for `saleReceiver`, if the sales in the buy function never reached the sale f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/58 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:55 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #55 | Medium | M-1 call() should be used instead of transfer() M-2 Use safeMint instead of mint for ERC721 | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L66
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/ma... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/55 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:50 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #50 | Medium | Unsafe cast in LPDA.buy can decrease paid amount by user | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L71
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In case if payment of user were more than uint80.max value, then the balance stored to receipt will be truncated to uint80.max. As result user will not be able to refund all that he over... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/50 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:47 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #47 | Medium | Use call instead of transfer to send native tokens | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In different contracts protocol uses transfer function to send ethers to recipient. But in case if recipient is contract and his receive/fallback function needs more than 2300 gas... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/47 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:44 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #44 | Medium | Not possible to finish sales if all tokens are not sold in FixedPrice | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In case if all tokens are not sold in FixedPrice contract then seller can't withdraw received amount from sales.
## Proof of Concept
FixedPrice.buy function allows someone to ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/44 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:40 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #40 | Medium | the URI delegate token address is unchecked | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721.sol#L41
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The URI delegate token address whilst initializing the contract is unchecked and can thus be tampered with ie set to address(0)
## Proof of Concept
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-e... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/40 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:38 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #38 | Medium | Sale contracts are not limited to Escher instances | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L30
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/38 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:37 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #37 | Medium | LPDA and FixedPrice won't be able to release funds if collection doesn't sell out | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L92-L96
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If an LPDA or FixedPrice auction don't sell out then funds will never be released to factory or feeReceiver
## Proof of Concept
[LPDA.sol#L81-L... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/37 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:33 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #33 | Medium | transfer() is no longer recommended method for transferring ether | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
transfer() is no longer recommended method for transferring ether, limited gas and may fail if the receiving contract requires additional execu... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/33 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:29 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #29 | Medium | [H-01] EXTERNAL CONTRACT REFERENCE WITH MALICIOUS INTENT | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L29-L38
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEditionFactory.sol#L29-L38
https://github.co... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/29 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:26 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #26 | Medium | [H-01] Contract could get locked, resulting in 100% funds loss | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The recommended way to send ether is with `call` function. Using `transfer` could lead to r... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/26 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:23 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #23 | Medium | User Fund May Lose His Fund | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
User may lose his fund(eth) as contract file(LPDA.sol) trying to send remaining eth via transfer()
## Proof of Concept
After buying Buyer can withdraw his remaining fund via refund fu... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/23 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:22 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #22 | Medium | USE A SAFE TRANSFER HELPER LIBRARY FOR ERC20 TRANSFERS | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/22 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:21 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #21 | Medium | It is not recommended to use address.transfer() | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
It looks like EIP 1884 is headed our way in the Istanbul hard fork. This change increases the gas cost of the SLOAD operation and therefore breaks so... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/21 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:15 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #15 | Medium | Minters use `transfer` to send Ether, which assumes gas costs are constant | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/15 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:10 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #10 | Medium | It misses modifier of MINTER_ROLE | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721.sol#L51-L53
# Vulnerability details
In the contract Escher721.sol a corrupted MINTER_ROLE can mine a large number of tokens without being able to delete it.
function mint(address to, uint25... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/10 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-forgeries-findings:272 | code4rena | 2022-12-forgeries-findings | #272 | High | Draw organizer can rig the draw to favor certain participants such as their own account. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-forgeries/blob/fc271cf20c05ce857d967728edfb368c58881d85/src/VRFNFTRandomDraw.sol#L83
# Vulnerability details
## Description
In RandomDraw, the host initiates a draw using startDraw() or redraw() if the redraw draw expiry has passed. Actual use of Chainlink orac... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-forgeries-findings/issues/272 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-forgeries-findings:151 | code4rena | 2022-12-forgeries-findings | #151 | Medium | Transfer of ownership of a given `VRFNFTRandomDraw` entitles new owner to previous owner's subscription, or may brick the raffle | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-forgeries/blob/fc271cf20c05ce857d967728edfb368c58881d85/src/ownable/OwnableUpgradeable.sol#L79-L85
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-forgeries/blob/fc271cf20c05ce857d967728edfb368c58881d85/src/ownable/OwnableUpgradeable.sol#L102-L110
https://github.com/code-423... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-forgeries-findings/issues/151 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-gogopool-findings:625 | code4rena | 2022-12-gogopool-findings | #625 | High | The guardian can add itself as a multisig address. While still having access over guardian and defender access leading to centralisation issues. By disabling all other multisigs wallets via `disableMultisig` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/MultisigManager.sol#L35-L36
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
**The single guardian can add itself as a multisig address. While still having access over multisig controls leading to centr... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool-findings/issues/625 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-gogopool-findings:624 | code4rena | 2022-12-gogopool-findings | #624 | High | Non Zero Address Check for Guardian can lead to a frozen guardian during transfer of guardian. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/Storage.sol#L41-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/Storage.sol#L56-L57
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool-findings/issues/624 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-gogopool-findings:592 | code4rena | 2022-12-gogopool-findings | #592 | High | ggpStaked might not be enough to cover slashing | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/MinipoolManager.sol#L670-L683
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If operator sets a long `duration` slashing will likely revert, liquid stakers won't be compensated and operator will get to... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool-findings/issues/592 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-gogopool-findings:387 | code4rena | 2022-12-gogopool-findings | #387 | High | No checks for large price changes in the Oracle | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/Oracle.sol#L57-L68
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool/blob/aec9928d8bdce8a5a4efe45f54c39d4fc7313731/contracts/contract/Staking.sol#L356-L374
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
D... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-gogopool-findings/issues/387 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
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