id large_stringlengths 16 92 | source_platform large_stringclasses 3
values | contest large_stringclasses 418
values | issue_id large_stringlengths 0 25 | severity large_stringclasses 2
values | title large_stringlengths 3 307 | description large_stringlengths 0 495k | source_url large_stringlengths 0 86 | domain large_stringclasses 1
value | scraped_at large_stringdate 2026-05-08 04:37:49 2026-05-08 04:37:49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:447 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #447 | High | Not possible to finish `LPDA` after `endTime` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Vulnerability details
The only way to finish the sale is when `newId == temp.finalId`, making not possible to finish `LPDA` even if the `endTime` is already over
## POC
There isn't any f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/447 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:442 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #442 | High | wrong configuration can lock `eth` in `LPDA` contract forever | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
When creating an LPDA auction there are some sanity checks of the values used for the auction. But there is no check that the auction will not cause the price calculation to underflow after a whi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/442 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:441 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #441 | High | `saleReceiver` and `feeReceiver` can steal refunds after sale has ended | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L67-L68
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
First, lets go over how a buy happens.
A buyer can buy NFTs at a higher price and then once the auction end... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/441 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:440 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #440 | High | Malicious feeReceiver or saleReceiver can steal the user's refund ETH by calling the buy function multiple times in LPDA | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L87
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In the `LPDA` contract, the fee is transfered to `feeReceiver()` and the totalSale to `saleReceiver` when `newId == temp.finalId`, meaning that th... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/440 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:438 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #438 | High | Implementing Security Restrictions and Owner Access Controls on LPDA Smart Contract. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The new changes to the contract add an additional layer of security and restrict access to certain privileged functions. The ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/438 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:437 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #437 | High | LPDA sales can potentially have buying function reverting indefinately due to negative price | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L116-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
While i'm assuming there are checks for this on UI or off-chain, this wasn't mentioned in the docs or the comments, so its worth flagging and po... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/437 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:433 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #433 | High | Artist will never get their payout for their NFT in FixedPrice and OpenEdition | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L89-L94
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
There is no... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/433 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:432 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #432 | High | Buyers may not be able to get a full refund due to malicious/wrong Sale arguments when creating the LPDA contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When a new `LPDA` contract is created via the `LPDAFactory.sol`, the arguments given to the [`createLPDASale`](https://github.com/code-423n... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/432 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:431 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #431 | High | saleReceiver can drain reserved refund in LPDA minter | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In LPDA minter, the saleReceiver receive the payout when `newId == temp.finalId`. The amount the saleReceiver receive depends on the last price o... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/431 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:429 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #429 | High | Mising check for price maths in LPDA | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The arithmetic set up in LPDA is never checked. The user can specify too high of a `sale.dropPerSecond` resulting in a negative price befor... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/429 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:428 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #428 | High | Functionality of LPDA may be broken with funds locked inside the contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/428 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:427 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #427 | High | Underflow in withdraw and refund ETH in LPDA | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L63
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/427 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:426 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #426 | High | Auctioneer can steal funds, what should be returned to the bidders | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol?plain=#L57
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
I found a bug in the LPDA.sol smart contract. Due to this bug, a malicious auctioneer can steal funds that would have to be returned to the bidders.
LPDA.sol smart contract uses ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/426 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:422 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #422 | High | Value stuck in FixedPrice minter if sales never complete | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Value will be stuck in FixedPrice if the sales never complete since it only call `_end` when `newId == sale_.finalId`
Although the owner can b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/422 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:420 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #420 | High | Absense of input validations | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L57
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The `buy` fun... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/420 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:411 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #411 | High | Seller of LPDA can get more ETH than actually deserves | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The seller of LPDA get more ETH and buyers lose these ETH.
## Proof of Concept
LPDA is used for a Last Price Dutch Auction Sale.
When the [finalId is bought](https://github.com/cod... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/411 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:410 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #410 | High | Unsafe typecasting of input values in `buy` functions | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L59
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L57-L58
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The `buy` function of `OpenEdition` and `LPDA` contracts accepts a `uint256 _amount` value ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/410 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:397 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #397 | High | Inappropriate dropPerSecond could cause funds to be locked and mints to be unavailable | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123-L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L37
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The price in `LPD... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/397 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:392 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #392 | High | `LPDA` price can underflow the price due to bad settings and potentially brick the contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L124
# Vulnerability details
The dutch auction in the `LPDA` contract is implemented by configuring a start price and price drop per second.
A bad set of settings can cause an issue where the elapsed duration of the sa... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/392 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:388 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #388 | High | ``dropPerSecond`` attribute is not sufficiently validated and can DoS ``getPrice`` call of ``LDPA`` auction sale rendering the auction unusable till the end | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When a ``LDPA`` auctio... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/388 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:381 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #381 | High | getPrice() can underflow making impossible to end the LPDA | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The calculation of `getPrice()` in [LPDA.sol](https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol) can eventually underflow if the sale is created in a certain w... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/381 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:375 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #375 | High | Unexpected Overflow and underflow arithmetic operation operation can revert transaction and DOS the contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L101
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/375 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:371 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #371 | High | Misconfigured `dropPerSecond` can compromise funds. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/371 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:357 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #357 | High | No mechanism to transfer saleAmounts to saleReceiver in sepecial case . | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
sale amount will not transfer to saleReceiver in case of auction ends and not all editios being sold .
## Proof of Concept
In LPDA sale the only... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/357 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:351 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #351 | High | Token can be bought with zero amount in FixedPrice.sol | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L61
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
This bug leads to a token being bought with a zero price in the FixedPrice.sol
## Proof of Concept
As it is mentioned in the documentation, one can buy a token in the fixed price ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/351 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:346 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #346 | High | Imperfect Validation of dropPerSecond | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
It's possible to getPrice function not be able return value ( due to underflow wich makes transaction revert )
## Proof of Concept
temp.startPrice... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/346 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:333 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #333 | High | dropPerSecond is not validated | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`dropPerSecond` i... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/333 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:327 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #327 | High | LPDA funds can be frozen due to `getPrice()` reverts | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L101
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/327 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:322 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #322 | High | Reentrancy possible to finalize function by feeReciever | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L89-L94
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
feeReceiver can Reentrant the contract and take all the balance .
## Proof of Concept
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/322 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:316 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #316 | High | LDPA lowest price might fall below zero | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123-L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L142-L144
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Whe... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/316 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:313 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #313 | High | LDPA can be finalized multiple times | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L56-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
```LDPA``` sale is automatically finalized in ```buy``` when the ```finalId``` is reached:
```solidity
if (newId == temp.finalId) {
sale.finalPrice = uint80(price);
uin... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/313 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:311 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #311 | High | Ether can still reach the contract after the destruction | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L122
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L110
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Once the sale ends, ```OpenEdition``` and ```FixedPrice``` contracts are destructed:
```sol... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/311 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:305 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #305 | High | Badly configured LPDA Sales could result in Arithmetic underflow | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
A [Dutch Auction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_auction) is a type of auction in which the auctioneer begins with a high asking price in the case of selling, and lowers it until ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/305 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:298 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #298 | High | getPrice() may overflow | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDA.sol#getPrice() may overflow error, can not complete sales, and the saller can not get back the funds in the contract.
## Proof of Concept... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/298 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:297 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #297 | High | User cannot refund if `LPDA.getPrice` reverts. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L101
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
User cannot refund if `LPDA.getPrice` reverts. User's funds will stuck in the contract.
## Proof of Con... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/297 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:296 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #296 | High | selfdestruct may cause the funds to be lost | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L110
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L122
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
After the contract... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/296 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:295 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #295 | High | Potential security vulnerabilities in the **Escher721Factory** contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721Factory.sol#L27
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If left unpatched, these vulnerabilities could potentially be exploited to create a large number of contracts and cause a denial-of-service attack on the Ethereum network. Additional... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/295 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:293 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #293 | High | LPDA.sol: Artist can withdraw all pending refunds once last NFT is minted | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When the last NFT is sold in the `LPDA` Sale by calling `LPDA.buy` ([https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b9907... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/293 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:291 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #291 | High | `LPDA.buy` can be called successfully even after the sale reaches the `finalId` thus user's funds can be destributed to `feeReceiver` and artist again. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
When the LPDA sale reaches the `finalId`, the `finalPrice * amountSold` funds will be distributed to the `feeReceiver` and the artist. The remaining will be used to refund user who b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/291 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:289 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #289 | High | #buy() sales can steal funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L87
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDA#buy() does not restrict ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/289 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:286 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #286 | High | Unauthorized ownership change in Base contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/uris/Base.sol#L18
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
This issue can allow attackers to gain unauthorized control over the Base contract and potentially use it to exploit vulnerabilities in the contract or in any contracts that rely on it. Thi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/286 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:244 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #244 | High | If the `temp.dropPerSecond * timeElapsed` value is greater than `temp.startPrice`, the sale will not proceed. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L36
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`getPrice()` is rever... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/244 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:234 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #234 | High | A large `sale.dropPerSecond` may result in LPDA auction fail | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If `sale.dropPerSecond` is too large, the `sale.price` will drop to negative value before the sale endtime `sale.endTime`. If the auction has not completed yet, it will fail and ne... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/234 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:231 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #231 | High | Price can fall below 0 in LPDA sale, causing DOS | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
[LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42](https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/mint... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/231 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:229 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #229 | High | Denial of Service - Lack of validation in LDPAFactory leads to creation of invalid LDPA sale contracts | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123-L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Contract `LDPAFac... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/229 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:227 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #227 | High | Seller can drain the LPDA Sale contract and prevent buyers from getting their refunds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The buy function in LPDA.sol can be called after the sale is over since it does not check that _amount > 0.
This means that [LPDA.sol#L81-L88](https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/227 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:225 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #225 | High | Creator can steal users funds in LPDA (Last Price Dutch Auction Sale) | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L88
# Vulnerability details
# Creator can steal users funds in LPDA (Last Price Dutch Auction Sale)
## Impact
Creator is able to steal users funds in Last Price Dutch Auction Sale by t... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/225 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:219 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #219 | High | Lose tokens with `FixedPrice.buy` | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L62
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Due to an integer overflow, a user may not buy anything and lose tokens.
## Proof of Concept
The following proof of concept wants to demonstrat... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/219 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:209 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #209 | High | Price drop too fast may lead to auction fail in Last Price Dutch Auction Sale (LPDA) | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In LPDA, price is calculated as: `price = sale.startPrice - (sale.dropPerSecond * timeElapsed)`. if `sale.dropPerSecond > sale.startPrice/(sale.endTime - sale.startTime)`, the `price` w... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/209 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:205 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #205 | High | The buy() and refund() functions will be reverted if the price drop is greater than (startPrice / saleTimeDuration) relation causing funds to be trapped | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f32... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/205 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:201 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #201 | High | LPDA price might underflow if configured improperly | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L110-L114
# Vulnerability details
LPDA price decreases over time till `endTime` timestamp.
If the LPDA isn't configured properly, the price might underflow when reaching the `endTime` timestamp (to be specific, it'll underf... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/201 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:198 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #198 | High | Sale creator and feeReceiver can get the sale amount multiple times, hence stealing from the bidders/buyers. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
### Impact
Sale creator and feeReceiver can get the sale amount multiple times, hence stealing from the bidders/buyers in `LPDA` contract.
In the `buy` function a buyer can place bids with amou... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/198 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:196 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #196 | High | All fund would be locked in LPDA if the Sale is improperly configured | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Fund in LPDA contract wil... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/196 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:189 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #189 | High | LPDA.sol#buy(0) can be called repeatedly to steal buyers funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The extra fund(ethers) paid by the buyer (which should be returned to buyer in [`refund()`](https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/189 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:186 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #186 | High | Refund() might fail due to underflow at funtion getPrice() | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L101
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
The ``refund()`` function will call the ``getPrice()`` to get the price. However, when sale.start... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/186 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:180 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #180 | High | Incorrect sale parameters can lead to lock of funds for LPDA | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDAFactory does not validate the sale data properly and this can break the sales contract and funds will be locked.
## Proof of Concept
Cre... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/180 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:174 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #174 | High | `LPDA.buy()` shouldn't allow 0 amount | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`LPDA.buy()` transfers the total sale amount to the receiver when the final id is sold.
But it doesn't check if `_amount != 0` so the receiver wo... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/174 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:167 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #167 | High | getPrice() in LPDA sale can underflow which causes permanent loss of funds as all funds will be stuck in contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/167 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:165 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #165 | High | Unchecked `dropPerSecond` can lead to conflicting final price | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L36
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Concerning the variables within the `Sale` struct in `LPDA`, `dropPerSecond` ought to be suc... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/165 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:161 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #161 | High | Unchecked input `Sale.dropPerSecond` can lead to lost funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L36
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L63
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/mai... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/161 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:157 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #157 | High | LPDA.sol: price can drop below 0 and cause revert | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f3... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/157 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:143 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #143 | High | No check for parameter while creating `LPDA` resulting in loss to users | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L36
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
`LPDA` contract uses Last Price Dutch Auction which sets the price to `sale.finalPrice` if all the NFTs are sold. However, there is no condition to ensure that this will be do... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/143 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:141 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #141 | High | The `currentID` might not increase during sale delaying sale finalization | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The `sale.currentID` needs to increase anytime a `buy` happens. This is critical as the sale ends when `newID == sale_.finalID` as seen here... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/141 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:139 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #139 | High | Free Minting of NFTs | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L57-L71
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/139 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:131 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #131 | High | Overpayment of fixed price sale after the sale starts | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L64
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Overpayment of fixed price sale after the sale starts
## Proof of Concept
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L64
' require(msg.va... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/131 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:122 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #122 | High | FUNDS WILL BE LOCKED IF ```saleReceiver``` DOESN'T IMPLEMENT FALLBACK FUNCTIONS | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If the ```saleReceiver``` in ```LPDA.sol``` is a contract address without ```receive()``` or ```fallback()``` functions, ethers will be locked. ```saleReceiver``` is not updatable.
The ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/122 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:118 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #118 | High | getPrice() Underflow Bricks Contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L49
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/118 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:108 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #108 | High | LDPA: `getPrice` can underflow without cautiously setting sale variables | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L33-L36
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
It is possible to configure the `LPDA.Sale` parameters in `LPDAFactory.sol` such that all curr... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/108 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:104 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #104 | High | FixedPrice.sol: unchecked `_amount` & unchecked `msg.value` allows free minting & potential DOS | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/104 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:98 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #98 | High | LPDA: Ether Cannot be Recovered and no New NFTs Can be Bought | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L63
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L101
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f3... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/98 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:94 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #94 | High | Invalid LPDA parameters can cause getPrice() to revert, bricking contract and locking funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L117-L125
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDA auctions are... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/94 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:83 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #83 | High | FixedPrice sale can lock all funds from creator if it doesn't sell out | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L107-L111
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L73
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
In FixedPrice.so... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/83 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:79 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #79 | High | No Zero amount check for the buy function | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
There is no zero amount check for the ``buy()`` function. As a result, even when a sale is cancell... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/79 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:65 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #65 | High | `fees` could be `address(0)` on `setFeeReceiver` resulting on ether lost | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPriceFactory.sol#L43
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L47
# Vulnerability details
Since there is no valida... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/65 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:62 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #62 | High | LPDA funds can be lost with a initial bad sale configuration | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L35
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L143
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDA funds can b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/62 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:60 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #60 | High | No validity check for _role | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher.sol#L60-L71
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
The input arguments of ``_role`` need a validity check to make sure it is one of the allowed roles: ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/60 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:49 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #49 | High | LPDAFactory should not allow to create LDPA where startPrice < (end - start) * dropRate | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L29-L42
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
LPDAFactory should not allow to create LPDA where startPrice < (end - start) * dropRate. Otherwise it's possible that LPDA contract will be out of service, because getPrice wi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/49 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:42 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #42 | High | Re-Entrancy Vulnerability | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L57-L72
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
offending co... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/42 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:39 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #39 | High | Manipulating dropPerSecond prevents buyers from getting refunds, ends Dutch auction early | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L124
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Since the relationship between `dropPerSecond`, `startPrice` and `start`, `end` is not checked. Sellers can set a specific `dropPerSecond`. When a certain time is reached, the value of ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/39 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:35 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #35 | High | LPDA#buy can be called with amount = 0 after auction is sold out to distribute user refunds to saleReceiver | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
All user refunds can be stolen
## Proof of Concept
function buy(uint256 _amount) external payable {
uint48 amount = uint48(_amount)... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/35 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:31 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #31 | High | Bad configuration in LDPA can cause funds to be locked up | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L123-L124
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDAFactory.sol#L35-L36
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L63
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/b... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/31 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:27 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #27 | High | An attacker might front run the initialize transaction and claim the ownership of the contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/uris/Base.sol#L18
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Detailed description of the impact of this finding.
Since the ``initialize()`` function has no access control. Any one can call it and claim the ownershi... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/27 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:16 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #16 | High | Users refunds from LPDA can be stolen by `buy`ing with `_amount` zero after the sale has ended | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L88
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
Users refunds from LPDA can be stolen by `buy`ing with `_amount` zero after the sale has ended.
This... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/16 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:6 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #6 | High | Attacker can drain the LPDA contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99
# Vulnerability details
This is the same issue reported on "
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57" t, just re-reported it as I haven't witnessed it on this and I didn't in... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/6 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:3 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #3 | High | Attacker can mint nfts without paying any ether | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
-amount integer is not checks wither it's 0 or not, then when the code reaches that line `require(_amount * sale_.price == msg.value, "WRONG PRICE");` when attacker sends 0 as _amo... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/3 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:558 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #558 | Medium | Upgraded Q -> M from #173 [1673098404536] | Judge has assessed an item in Issue #173 as M risk. The relevant finding follows:
L-03 - Depreciating-soon selfdestruct is used to transfer funds to seller after sale ends. | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/558 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:552 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #552 | Medium | Upgraded Q -> M from #506 [1670783534926] | Judge has assessed an item in Issue #506 as M risk. The relevant finding follows:
selfDestruct will probably be deactivated soon | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/552 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:551 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #551 | Medium | Upgraded Q -> M from #268 [1670783513081] | Judge has assessed an item in Issue #268 as M risk. The relevant finding follows:
Use of selfdestruct in FixedPrice.sol and OpenEdition.sol | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/551 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:550 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #550 | Medium | Upgraded Q -> M from #81 [1670783437328] | Judge has assessed an item in Issue #81 as M risk. The relevant finding follows:
After carefully reading all submissions related to the use of `selfdestruct`, I will change my stance on this kind of issue. Changing the severity back to Medium. | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/550 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:549 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #549 | Medium | Upgraded Q -> M from #34 [1670783427149] | Judge has assessed an item in Issue #34 as M risk. The relevant finding follows:
Selfdestruct is prone to being changed in a future hard fork | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/549 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:540 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #540 | Medium | LAST PRICE DUTCH AUCTION SALE (LPDA) CAN BE EXPLOITED | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L58-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The function logic of `buy()` in `LPDA.sol` can be exploited by shrewd buyers to achieve the lowest `finalPrice` possible.
## Proof of Concept
[LPDA.sol#L58-L89](https://github.com/... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/540 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:531 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #531 | Medium | In `Escher721Factory.createContract` any address can be provided as `_uri` for cloning | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher721Factory.sol#L30
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The `Escher721Factory.createContract` function accepts any address as the `_uri` parameter. This parameter is used to clone the `_uri` contract, the address of the new clone is then ... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/531 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:528 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #528 | Medium | If very few NFTs have been sold `saleReceiver` will have to buy all remaining NFT to retrieve the contract funds. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L81-L89
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
If very few NFTs have been sold `saleReceiver` will have to buy all remaining NFTs if he want to get the funds that he obtained during the mint pe... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/528 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:521 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #521 | Medium | Ownership of EscherERC721.sol contracts can be changed, thus creator roles become useless | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher.sol#L11
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/blob/65420cb9c943c32eb7e8c9da60183a413d90067a/contracts/access/AccessControlUpgradeable.sol#L150
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/Escher... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/521 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:520 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #520 | Medium | Use of payable.transfer() may lock user funds | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L99-L106
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The use of payable.transfer() is heavily frowned upon because it can lead to the locking of funds. The transfer() call requires that the recipien... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/520 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:518 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #518 | Medium | Sale contracts use address.transfer method | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L85-L86
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/main/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L105
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/m... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/518 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:512 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #512 | Medium | Users can lose funds if they call `buy` with `_amount` larger than type(uint48).max. | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L57-L74
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The function `buy` take `amount` of type `uint256` as input. `amount` is used to check if msg.value is correct depending on the sale price a... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/512 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:511 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #511 | Medium | The Ether for an LPDA mint sale can be locked in the LPDA contract indefinitely | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/minters/LPDA.sol#L86
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
After a mint sale using LPDA, all the Ether can be locked in the LPDA contract indefinitely.
## Proof of Concept
In the `src/minters/*` contracts, th... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/511 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:509 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #509 | Medium | `transfer` is used on address payable | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/0cf28046e8fe79996f912c7cfc40239ebb863255/src/minters/FixedPrice.sol#L109
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/0cf28046e8fe79996f912c7cfc40239ebb863255/src/minters/OpenEdition.sol#L92
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/0cf2804... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/509 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
code4rena:2022-12-escher-findings:505 | code4rena | 2022-12-escher-findings | #505 | Medium | Lack of verification for `_uri` parameter in `createContract()` function in `Escher721Factory` contract | # Lines of code
https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher/blob/5d8be6aa0e8634fdb2f328b99076b0d05fefab73/src/Escher721Factory.sol#L27-L34
# Vulnerability details
## Impact
The impact of this vulnerability is that an attacker could potentially manipulate the token URI for any given token ID in the `Escher721` cont... | https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-12-escher-findings/issues/505 | defi | 2026-05-08T04:37:49Z |
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