PMCID string | Title string | Sentences string |
|---|---|---|
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The synthesized cDNAs were stored at −20 °C until RT-PCR. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes at the mRNA level in the control and dose group cells were evaluated using a real-time PCR system (Rotor Gene, Qiagen, USA). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | SYBR Green, which can bind to double-stranded DNA, was used as the dye. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The reaction was completed with 5X SYBR Green mixture, 5 pMol forward (F), 5 pMol reverse primer (R), 2 μL cDNA, and sterile RNase–DNase-free water to a final concentration of 1X, and the reaction was carried out in sterile 8-well PCR strips. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The temperature profile of the reaction was adjusted to 95 °C for 15 min and then 40 cycles (95 °C for 15 s, 60 °C for 20 s, and 72 °C for 20 s) took place. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Then, the heating process was carried out gradually from 60 °C to 95 °C with 0.5 °C increments, and optical measurements were made at each 0.5 °C increment in temperature to create the melting curve graph via melting curve analysis. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The data obtained from the optical analysis in real-time PCR were recorded as “Ct” (cycle of threshold), and the expression levels of the target genes were normalized with the GAPDH reference gene. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The sequences were obtained from the OriGene (https://www.origene.com, accessed on 1 October 2023) online web page. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21, Chicago, IL, USA). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Real-time PCR data were analyzed using the ΔΔCT method and quantification was performed with the help of a computer program. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Volcano plot analyses in the web-based “RT Profiler™ PCR Array Data Analysis” program were used. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The method was based on the comparison of two expression results ±3SD. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Thus, in cases where gene expression was compared, the expression values of relevant genes in the control and dose groups were determined relatively. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The comparison of the groups was evaluated statistically using the “Student t-test” analysis in the “RT Profiler™ PCR Array Data Analysis” program. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are given as a number and percentage. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The effects of various concentrations on cell viability in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines to which P. sidoides extract was applied at 24 and 48 h are shown in Figure 1. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | While cell viability in the control group cells was accepted as 100%, cell viability decreased significantly at the end of 24 h at a concentration of 50 µg/mL of the extract to approximately 70% (p < 0.05). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | A gradual decrease in cell viability was observed depending on the increasing concentrations of the extract: Cell viability decreased to 65% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (p < 0.05); viability decreased to 55% at a concentration of 200 µg/mL (p < 0.05); viability decreased around 50% at 400 µg/mL; and viability decreased to 40% at a concentration of 800 µg/mL (p < 0.05). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | A similar trend was observed during the 48 h incubation period, and it was determined that the cytotoxic effect of P. sidoides continued stably as time progressed. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | These findings provide support that P. sidoides root extract significantly reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 value was 113.83 µg/mL (Figure 1). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The IC50 value was calculated to be 113.83 μg/mL at 24 h. The IC50 (113.83 μg/mL) value determined as the dose group was used in the following experimental steps. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The protein concentrations of the control group SH-SY5Y cells and the P. sidoides extract dose group (113.83 μg/mL) cells were compared with the 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine ELISA test. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The concentration calculation was analyzed according to Figure 2 and this value was determined as 1.1397 ng/mL in the control group, while this value was determined as 1.4815 ng/mL in the extract dose group (p < 0.05) (Figure 2). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | These results show us that the concentration of 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, one of the important oxidative stress and genotoxicity markers, increased in neuroblastoma cells as a result of P. sidoides extract treatment (p < 0.05). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This result indicates that P. sidoides extract may have increased the possible oxidative stress and genotoxic effect in the cell and led to cell death. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | When the control and P. sidoides group cells were compared, the TAS value was 0.3455 mMOL Trolox Equiv./L for the control group, while it was 0.2915 mMOL Trolox Equiv./L in the P. sidoides dose group cells. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This result shows that the total antioxidant activity in SH-SY5Y cells treated with P. sidoides extract was partially reduced (p > 0.05) (Figure 3). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | When the control and P. sidoides group cells were compared, the TOS value was determined as 2.9463 µmol H2O2 equiv./L for the control group, while it was 5.6370 µmol H2O2 equiv./L in the P. sidoides group cells. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This result shows that the total oxidant activity increased in neuroblastoma cells treated with P. sidoides extract (p < 0.01) (Figure 4). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The OSI values are shown in Figure 5. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | OSI levels increased in cells treated with P. sidoides extract (p < 0.001). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | While the OSI value was determined to be approximately 0.9 in the control group, this value increased to 1.8 in the P. sidoides group (Figure 5). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The gene expression fold changes in the P. sidoides dose group and control group SH-SY5Y cells are shown in Table 1. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | BAX gene expression, caspase-3 expression, caspase-8 expression, and caspase-9 gene expression increased 2.93, 3.31, 4.34, and 2.41-fold in the P. sidoides dose group compared to the control at the mRNA level, respectively. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Among these changes, the BAX and Caspase-8 expression increases were statistically significant in the P. sidoides dose group (p < 0.05). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | There was no significant change in Bcl-2 gene expression (Table 1). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This study comprehensively examined the effects of P. sidoides root extract on human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The findings show that P. sidoides extract can inhibit cell proliferation and increase oxidative stress and genotoxic effects, leading to cell death. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In our study, the XTT test results revealed that P. sidoides significantly reduced cell proliferation at the dose where it reached the IC50 value. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This supports the anticancer potential of the extract. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | P. sidoides is rich in phenolic compounds, which suggests that it activates mechanisms that suppress cell proliferation. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Studies in the literature show that phenolic compounds generally play a role as cell cycle regulators and apoptosis inducers . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Ramirez et al. reported that plant polyphenols can stop the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK signaling pathways . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | P. sidoides is also thought to inhibit cell proliferation in the neuroblastoma cell line through similar mechanisms. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In our study, measurements performed with ELISA revealed that P. sidoides affects DNA damage and is an important indicator of oxidative stress by increasing 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | These findings suggest that cell death is induced through oxidative stress and genotoxicity mechanisms. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | It has been stated in the literature that P. sidoides may cause genotoxic effects by increasing oxidative stress levels . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Pereira et al. showed that the phenolic components of P. sidoides extract triggered apoptosis in cancer cells by regulating oxidative stress and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Similarly, Mates et al. reported that increased oxidative stress leads to DNA damage, which in turn induces apoptosis in cancer cells . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Our study supports these literature findings and shows that P. sidoides may be an effective herbal agent, especially in increasing oxidative stress. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In our study, TAS, TOS and OSI results show that P. sidoides increases total oxidant levels while decreasing antioxidant levels and significantly increases oxidative stress index (OSI). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | These results support the critical role of oxidative stress in inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Increased oxidative stress leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruptions in cellular homeostasis . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Yuhang et al. stated that ROS accumulation causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and plays a key role in the initiation of apoptosis . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Consistent with these findings, our study shows that P. sidoides triggers apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by increasing oxidative stress. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In our study, the RT-PCR results revealed significant increases in BAX, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 gene expression. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This suggests that both the mitochondrial pathway (BAX) and death receptor-mediated pathways (Caspase-8) are activated. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In particular, high regulation of BAX and caspase-8 leads to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, supporting cytochrome C release and the subsequent activation of the apoptotic cascade. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | These findings are consistent with the report by Chaudhry et al. that herbal compounds induce apoptosis by activating the BAX and caspase pathways . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In addition, the increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 indicates that apoptosis progresses via the mitochondrial pathway . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | It has been previously reported in the literature that phenolic compounds of P. sidoides promote apoptosis by regulating the expression of these genes . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Young et al. reported that phenolic compounds contribute to the direction of programmed cell death in cancer cells by increasing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Our study shows that these mechanisms can also be activated by P. sidoides in the neuroblastoma cell line. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In addition, no significant change was observed in Bcl-2 gene expression. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This suggests that anti-apoptotic mechanisms are suppressed and that pro-apoptotic signals become dominant during the apoptosis process. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | It has been frequently stated in the literature that the decrease in the Bcl-2/BAX ratio is a critical indicator for apoptosis . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The observation that this ratio was disrupted in our study is strong evidence of the apoptosis-promoting effect of P. sidoides. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The IC50 value obtained in our study (113.83 µg/mL) is consistent with previous studies. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | For example, Pereira et al. showed the antiproliferative effect of P. sidoides on a leukemia cell line at similar dose ranges . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Similarly, it has been reported that doses in the range of 100–400 µg/mL are generally used in studies for the effects of plant extracts on cancer cells . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This study is one of the first studies to confirm the apoptotic effect of P. sidoides on a neuroblastoma cell line. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In our study, only one cancer cell line (SH-SY5Y) was used. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | However, evaluating the potential cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on healthy cells is critical for treatment efficacy and safety. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In future studies, the selectivity of P. sidoides should be investigated using healthy cell lines (e.g., fibroblast or epithelial cells). |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | It is known that non-selective agents are not suitable for clinical application. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In this study, only the neuroblastoma cell line was examined, and no reference cell line was used. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Comparative analyses with healthy cell lines and different cancer cell lines (such as HeLa or MCF-7) are needed to determine whether apoptosis is specifically induced in cancer cells. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Such analyses will more clearly reveal the targetability and therapeutic potential of P. sidoides. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | While this study demonstrates significant fold changes in gene expression for several apoptosis-related genes in SHSY5Y cells using RT-PCR, one of the limitations is the absence of protein-level validation through Western blot analysis. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Western blotting could provide additional confirmation of changes in protein levels for key genes, such as BAX, Caspase-3, and Caspase-8, as supported by previous studies . |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Future studies should include Western blot analysis to validate these findings at the translational level and further substantiate the apoptotic effects of P. sidoides extract. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | This study investigated the effects of Pelargonium sidoides root extract on human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to reveal the anticancer potential of this herbal agent. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The results obtained show that P. sidoides can induce apoptosis by inhibiting cell proliferation and increasing oxidative stress and genotoxicity. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | It was determined that phenolic compounds in particular promote cancer cell death by activating oxidative stress mechanisms and regulating apoptotic pathways. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | Our results indicate that P. sidoides, rich in phenolic compounds, can be evaluated as a complementary agent in the treatment of pediatric cancers, such as neuroblastoma. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | However, further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to evaluate its clinical applicability and safety. |
PMC11679892 | Effects of Pelargonium Sidoides Extract on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma Cells | In addition, the potential of this herbal agent should be investigated in more detail with different doses, application times, and combined treatment strategies. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Tau was initially identified as a microtubule-binding protein critical for microtubule stabilization. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | It is also a pathological hallmark of tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer’s disease. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Under pathological conditions, Tau becomes hyperphosphorylated at numerous sites and aggregates into filamentous deposits, contributing to neuronal cell death and disease progression. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | While significant research has focused on Tau phosphorylation dynamics and their consequences in pathological contexts, comparatively few studies have investigated Tau phosphorylation during physiological processes, despite the potential relevance to the early onset of pathology. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Previous findings have suggested similarities between mitotic Tau phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation observed in tauopathies, particularly at sites such as AT8, PHF1, S214, and S422. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | In this study, we quantified the relative levels of phosphorylation at 12 Tau phospho-epitopes during interphase and mitosis in vitro to establish a preliminary mitotic phospho-Tau signature, which was subsequently validated in vivo. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Our results demonstrated pronounced phosphorylation of Tau at AT8, p-T217, and p-S422 epitopes during mitosis, both in vitro and in vivo. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | These findings provide new insights into the physiological phosphorylation of Tau and its potential links to pathological processes. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Tau is primarily known as a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes microtubules in neurons . |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | Phosphorylation of Tau was reported to be associated with a reduced affinity in microtubule binding . |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | This effect is particularly pronounced at phosphorylation sites within the microtubule binding domain, such as S262 and S356 , as well as in other regions. |
PMC12562719 | Phospho-Tau Signature During Mitosis: AT8, p-T217 and p-S422 as Key Phospho-Epitopes | For example, phosphorylation at S214 within the proline-rich region and at S396 and S404 in the C-terminal domain—phospho-residues that together constitute the PHF1 epitope—also impairs microtubule binding . |
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