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560068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20John%20Pinwell | George John Pinwell | Pinwell belonged to the small group of watercolour painters which included Frederick Walker and Arthur Boyd Houghton, whose style came from drawing on wood for book-illustration. Pinwell, Walker, and Houghton, three young men "who did so much for wood engraving in the sixties" all died in 1875 within seven months of ea... | 2.1875 | 0 |
560071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA%20Santa%20Fe%20%28S-21%29 | ARA Santa Fe (S-21) | ARA Santa Fe was an Argentine that was lost during the Falklands War. Built by the US during the Second World War, the ship operated in the United States Navy as USS Catfish (SS-339) until 1971 when she was transferred to the Argentine Navy. She served until 1982 when she was captured by the British at South Georgia a... | 2.15625 | 0 |
560071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA%20Santa%20Fe%20%28S-21%29 | ARA Santa Fe (S-21) | On 23 April, the Royal Navy ships , , and the ice patrol ship had been sent to retake the island of South Georgia, with a detachment of Royal Marines and Special Boat Squadron commandos. This was Operation Paraquet. Around 6am on 25 April, after leaving Grytviken, Santa Fe was detected on radar by Lieutenant Chris Pa... | 1.984375 | 0 |
560071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA%20Santa%20Fe%20%28S-21%29 | ARA Santa Fe (S-21) | Before the conflict ended on 14 June, the crew of ARA Santa Fe had been taken as POWs to Ascension Island, from where a Red Cross-chartered airliner flew them to Uruguay. The half-sunken submarine remained in Grytviken. During June 1982, tugs dragged it to a shallow inlet called Moraine Fjord, with part of the sail sti... | 2.375 | 0 |
560076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Ingelow | Jean Ingelow | Jean Ingelow (17 March 1820 – 20 July 1897) was an English poet and novelist, who gained sudden fame in 1863. She also wrote several stories for children.
Early life
Born in Boston, Lincolnshire on 17 March 1820, Jean Ingelow was the daughter of William Ingelow, a banker. The family moved to Ipswich when she was 14. H... | 2.328125 | 0 |
560076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Ingelow | Jean Ingelow | At that point, Ingelow gave up verse for a while and became industrious as a novelist. Off the Skelligs appeared in 1872, Fated to be Free in 1873, Sarah de Berenger in 1880, and John Jerome in 1886. She also wrote Studies for Stories (1864), Stories told to a Child (1865), Mopsa the Fairy (1869), and other stories for... | 2.609375 | 0 |
560087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk%20F.C. | Falkirk F.C. | Falkirk Football Club is a Scottish professional association football club based in the town of Falkirk. The club was founded in 1876 and competes in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of Scottish football, as a member of the Scottish Professional Football League. The club was elected to the Second Division of ... | 1.96875 | 0 |
560087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk%20F.C. | Falkirk F.C. | Election to the Football League
After playing mostly regional matches, friendly games and the nationwide Scottish Cup tournament for the majority of its existence, the club was elected to the bottom tier of the Scottish Football League in 1902–03, a national sports league consisting of Scotland's top football clubs. A... | 2.453125 | 0 |
560087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk%20F.C. | Falkirk F.C. | Post-war promotion and demotion
After the war ended in 1945, the Scottish Football League resumed and Falkirk regained its place in the First Division for the 1946–47 season. In 1947, a new competition, the Scottish League Cup, was inaugurated. In the 1947–48 season, Falkirk reached the final, and lost 4–1 to East Fi... | 2.09375 | 0 |
560087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk%20F.C. | Falkirk F.C. | Scottish Premier League
The Scottish Premier League (SPL) was founded in 1998 as the new top flight of Scottish football. The new league and its rules denied Falkirk the chance to be promoted into it on three occasions as a consequence of its formation. When the SPL was created from the old Premier Division, a play-of... | 2.546875 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA ) is a United States federal payroll (or employment) tax payable by both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare—federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, people with disabilities, and children of deceased workers.
Calculation
Overview
The... | 2.109375 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | Regularly employed people
Since 1990, the employee's share of the Social Security portion of the FICA tax has been 6.2% of gross compensation up to a limit that adjusts with inflation. The taxation limit in 2020 was $137,700 of gross compensation, resulting in a maximum Social Security tax for 2020 of $8,537.40. This l... | 2.25 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | If a worker has overpaid toward Social Security by having more than one job or by having switched jobs during the year, that worker can file a request to have that overpayment counted as a credit for tax paid when he or she files a federal income tax return. If the taxpayer is due a refund, then the FICA tax overpaymen... | 2.4375 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | Certain payments by Native Americans, Native Americans tribal governments, and Native Americans entities
Payments to members of a federally recognized Native American tribe for services performed as council members are not subject to FICA.
If a member of a federally recognized Native American tribe that has recognize... | 1.90625 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | In order to apply to become exempt from paying FICA tax under this provision, the person must file Form 4029, which certifies that the person:
Waives the person's rights to all benefits under the Social Security Act;
Is a member of a recognized religious group that is conscientiously opposed to accepting benefits un... | 2.078125 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | In order to claim an exemption from paying FICA tax, the alien worker must be on a temporary assignment of no more than five years and the alien worker must have a certificate from the country stating that the worker will continue to be covered by the country's social security system while the worker is in the United S... | 2.265625 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | Some real estate agents and salespeople
Compensation for real estate agents and salespeople is exempt from FICA tax under certain circumstances. The compensation is exempt if substantially all compensation is directly related to sales or other output, rather than to the number of hours worked, and there is a written co... | 2.078125 | 0 |
560096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Insurance%20Contributions%20Act | Federal Insurance Contributions Act | In December 2010, as part of the legislation that extended the Bush tax cuts (called the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010), the government negotiated a temporary, one-year reduction in the FICA payroll tax. In February 2012, the tax cut was extended for another year.
Und... | 1.921875 | 0 |
560101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%20Company | Adams Company | The Adams-Farwell automobile
About 1895, Farwell began experimenting with an internal combustion engined automobile, for which he conceived a horizontally mounted rotary engine with three cylinders. The vertically standing crank shaft was fixed in the chassis. Farwell felt this configuration was lighter than convention... | 2.359375 | 0 |
560116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20von%20Platen-Hallerm%C3%BCnde | August von Platen-Hallermünde | Karl August Georg Maximilian Graf von Platen-Hallermünde (24 October 17965 December 1835) was a German poet and dramatist. In German he mostly is called Graf (Count) Platen.
Biography
August von Platen was born on 24 October 1796 at Ansbach, the son of the Oberforstmeister (a senior public servant) of that state, Coun... | 2.09375 | 0 |
560116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20von%20Platen-Hallerm%C3%BCnde | August von Platen-Hallermünde | Though Platen was at first influenced by the school of Romanticism, and particularly by Spanish models, the plays written during his university life at Erlangen, Der gläserne Pantoffel, Der Schatz des Rhampsinit, Berengar, Treue um Treue, Der Turm mit sieben Pforten, show a clearness of plot and expression foreign to ... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Kopisch | August Kopisch | August Kopisch (26 May 1799 – 6 February 1853) was a German poet and painter.
Biography
Kopisch was born on 26 May 1799 in Breslau, Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland). In 1815 he began studying painting at the Prague academy, but an injury to his hand damaged his prospects of success as an artist, and he turned to literat... | 1.929688 | 0 |
560140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaisuri%20Siti%20Aishah | Permaisuri Siti Aishah | Permaisuri Siti Aishah (Jawi: ڤرمايسوري سيتي عائشه; born Siti Aishah binti Abdul Rahman; 18 November 1971) is the consort of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj of Selangor. She was the youngest ever Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen) of Malaysia, ascending the throne at the ... | 2.125 | 0 |
560142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATASCII | ATASCII | The ATASCII character set, from ATARI Standard Code for Information Interchange, alternatively ATARI ASCII, is a character encoding used in the Atari 8-bit home computers. ATASCII is based on ASCII, but is not fully compatible with it.
The first computers in the Atari 8-bit series are the Atari 400 and 800, released i... | 2.71875 | 0 |
560142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATASCII | ATASCII | Control characters
ATASCII has 16 control characters, defined in four separate ranges (0x1B to 0x1F, 0x7D to 0x7F, 0x8B to 0x8F, and 0xFD to 0xFF). This is a key difference between ASCII and ATASCII—in ASCII, there are 32 control characters, defined in the range 0 to 31 (0x00 to 0x1F).
All ATASCII control characters e... | 2.46875 | 0 |
560150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Somerset%2C%204th%20Duke%20of%20Beaufort | Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort | One of the complexities of 18th-century politics was the hostility between Hanoverian monarchs and their heirs; as George II supported the Whigs, his son Frederick, Prince of Wales described himself as a Tory even though many of them were in theory Jacobites. Since the Prince's 'programme' effectively amounted to ousti... | 2.03125 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Sometimes microorganisms can take a longer period of time to grow in the culture media, for example Cutibacterium spp. and the HACEK bacteria group. Some organisms are said to be fastidious because they have demanding growth requirements. Some examples include pathogens like Aspergillus species, Brucella species, Coxie... | 2.3125 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Prosthetic valve endocarditis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis as it is capable of growing as a biofilm on plastic surfaces. Cutibacterium acnes almost exclusively causes endocarditis on prosthetic heart valves.
Signs and symptoms
Fever occurs in 97% of people; malaise and endurance fatigue in 90% of... | 2.1875 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Bacterial
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of infective endocarditis in most parts of the world and is responsible for about 31% of cases. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of endocarditis in people who use intravenous drugs. Viridans streptococci and Enterococci are the second and third most com... | 2.71875 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Dental operations
One in eight cases of infective endocarditis is thought to be caused by S. viridans infection associated with dental procedures such as cleaning or tooth extraction. This was thought to be more clinically significant than it is. However, it is important that a dentist or a dental hygienist be told of ... | 2.421875 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Risk factors
Risk factors for infective endocarditis are based on the premise that in a healthy individual, bacteremia (bacteria entering the bloodstream) is cleared quickly with no adverse consequences. However, if a heart valve is damaged, the bacteria can attach themselves to the valve, resulting in infective endoca... | 2.265625 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Damage to the valves and endocardium can be caused by:
Altered, turbulent blood flow. The areas that fibrose, clot, or roughen as a result of this altered flow are known as jet lesions. Altered blood flow is more likely in high pressure areas, so ventricular septal defects or patent ductus arteriosus can create more s... | 2.25 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Among people who do use intravenous drugs and have a fever in the emergency department, there is about a 10% to 15% prevalence of endocarditis. This estimate is not substantially changed by whether the doctor believes the patient has a trivial explanation for their fever. Weisse found that 13% of 121 patients had endoc... | 2.53125 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Treatment
High-dose antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment for infective endocarditis. These antibiotics are administered by the intravenous (IV) route to maximize diffusion of antibiotic molecules into vegetation(s) from the blood filling the chambers of the heart. This is necessary because neither the heart val... | 2.109375 | 0 |
560154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective%20endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | Epidemiology
In developed countries, the annual incidence of infective endocarditis is 3 to 9 cases per 100,000 persons. Infective endocarditis occurs more often in men than in women. There is an increased incidence of infective endocarditis in persons 65 years of age and older, which is probably because people in this... | 2.53125 | 0 |
560156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHWI-DT | CHWI-DT | The Baton years
In May 1992, Baton Broadcasting agreed to purchase two television stations in southwestern Ontario: CFPL-TV in London and CKNX-TV in Wingham from The Blackburn Group. For Baton, the transaction gave the company additional regional muscle as it sought to compete with the Global Television Network. Three ... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosra | Doosra | A doosra is a particular type of delivery by an off-spin bowler in cricket. The doosra spins in the opposite direction to an off break (the off-spinner's default delivery), and aims to confuse the batter into playing an unavoidable shot.
Doosra means "(the) second (one)", or "(the) other (one)" in Hindi-Urdu.
The del... | 2.3125 | 0 |
560165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybe%20cyanescens | Psilocybe cyanescens | Psilocybe cyanescens, commonly known as the wavy cap or potent psilocybe, is a species of potent psychedelic mushroom. The main compounds responsible for its psychedelic effects are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. A formal description of the species was published by Elsie Wakefield i... | 2.625 | 0 |
560165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybe%20cyanescens | Psilocybe cyanescens | P. cyanescens has elliptical spores which measure 9–12 x 5–8 μm. According to some authors, the holotype collection of the species from Kew Gardens featured no pleurocystidia, but North American collections are characterized by common clavate-mucronate pleurocystidia. However, pleurocystidia are present in the holotype... | 2.015625 | 0 |
560165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybe%20cyanescens | Psilocybe cyanescens | A very close relative of P. cyanescens is Psilocybe allenii (described in 2012), formerly known as Psilocybe cyanofriscosa, a mushroom found in California and Washington It can be distinguished by macromorphological features and/or sequencing of rDNA ITS molecular marker.
It is often difficult or impossible to disting... | 2.90625 | 0 |
560165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybe%20cyanescens | Psilocybe cyanescens | In the United States, P. cyanescens occurs mainly in the Pacific Northwest, stretching south to the San Francisco Bay Area. It can also be found in areas such as New Zealand, Western Europe, Central Europe, and parts of west Asia (Iran). The range in which P. cyanescens occurs is rapidly expanding, especially in areas... | 2.359375 | 0 |
560168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Adolf%20Wilhelm%20von%20L%C3%BCtzow | Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow | Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm Freiherr von Lützow (18 May 17826 December 1834) was a Prussian general notable for his organization and command of the Lützow Freikorps of volunteers during the Napoleonic Wars.
Early life
Lützow was born in Berlin on 18 May 1782 as the son of Prussian Major General, Johann Adolph von Lützow (17... | 1.945313 | 0 |
560168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Adolf%20Wilhelm%20von%20L%C3%BCtzow | Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow | The valor of the Black Troop is commemorated in Theodor Körner's poem Lützows wilde, verwegene Jagd ("Lützow's wild, daring hunt"). As Lützow's adjutant, he met his death at the Battle of Gadebusch. Among other notable members of the corps were Friedrich Fröbel and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. This incident was portrayed in... | 2.46875 | 0 |
560171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20von%20Schill | Ferdinand von Schill | Major Ferdinand Baptista von Schill (6 January 1776 – 31 May 1809) was a Prussian Army officer who revolted unsuccessfully against France's domination of Prussia in May 1809. Schill's rebellion ended at the Battle of Stralsund, a battle which also saw Schill's own death in action. Outnumbered 3 to 1, Schill's Prussian ... | 2.28125 | 0 |
560171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20von%20Schill | Ferdinand von Schill | In 1809 the political situation in Europe appeared to Schill to favor an attempt to liberate Germany from the French domination of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was an active member of the Tugendbund, the quasi-Masonic "League of Virtue" founded in June 1808, and including many notable Prussian reformers such as Gerhard von S... | 2.484375 | 0 |
560171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20von%20Schill | Ferdinand von Schill | On 31 May the Napoleonic forces stormed Stralsund. Schill was killed in the street fighting as his defenses collapsed. Over a thousand of his rebels escaped to Prussia, overland or by ship, where the officers were tried by court-martial, cashiered and imprisoned (although all were subsequently pardoned). Some smaller p... | 2.578125 | 0 |
560171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20von%20Schill | Ferdinand von Schill | One other close comrade of Schill's escaped execution and became known as 'The Twelfth'. Lieutenant Heinrich von Wedell had served with Schill as far back as the Siege of Kolberg. He was badly wounded at the battle of Dodendort and had to remain behind there. He was captured and interrogated by the French. Heinrich man... | 2.625 | 0 |
560173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e | Sillamäe | Sillamäe (Estonian for 'Bridge Hill'; also known by the Germanised names of Sillamäggi or Sillamägi) is a town in Ida-Viru County in the northereastern part of Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has a population of 12,439 (as of 2021) and covers an area of 10.54 km2. Sillamäe is located at the mo... | 2.203125 | 0 |
560173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e | Sillamäe | During the Nazi occupation, several concentration camps were established in the vicinity of Sillamäe to employ slave laborers in the local mines. Upon withdrawal from Sillamäe in 1944, German forces sabotaged the processing plant. The German defensive positions on the hills east of Sillamäe, known as Sinimäed, formed t... | 2.703125 | 0 |
560173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e | Sillamäe | During its operations, the Sillamäe plant dumped the processing wastes into a tailing pond at the north-western part of Sillamäe near the Baltic Sea shoreline. By the 1990s, the pond presented a serious ecological hazard due to leaching of radioactive and other harmful particulates and dissolved materials into the Balt... | 2.6875 | 0 |
560180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta | Polenta | Polenta (, ) is an Italian dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains. It may be allowed to cool and solidify into a loaf that can be baked, fried, or grilled.
The variety of cereal used is usually yellow maize, but often buckwheat, white maize, or mixtures thereof may be used. Coarse grinds ... | 2.3125 | 0 |
560184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClheim | Mülheim | Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (; ; ) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, and two Max Planck Institutes.
Mülheim an der Ruhr received its town c... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBTV | WBTV | Programming
For many years, WBTV was one of the country's most dominant television stations. This was in part due to being the only reliably viewable station in town for nine years, as well as the station's long tradition of strong local news coverage. In fact, its dominance was so absolute that it was once said the di... | 2.421875 | 0 |
560211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBTV | WBTV | A much-remembered women's/homemaker's show, The Betty Feezor Show, aired on channel 3 from the 1950s until 1977 (usually after the soap opera Search for Tomorrow, and in its 15-minute format, Guiding Light). Feezor gave viewers tips on cooking, sewing, floral arranging, and other topics of interest to housewives and mo... | 2.015625 | 0 |
560217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Hague | Michael Hague | Michael Hague (born September 8, 1948) is an American illustrator, primarily of children's fantasy books.
Biography
Among the books he has illustrated classics such as The Wind in the Willows, The Wizard of Oz, The Hobbit and the stories of Hans Christian Andersen. He is known for the intricate and realistic detail he... | 2.140625 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Artsakh (, ) was the tenth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from until 387 AD and afterwards made part of the Caucasian Albania, a subject principality of the Sasanian Empire, following the Peace of Acilisene. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed the Armenian principa... | 2.6875 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Based on the putative attestations of Artsakh as Urtekhe and Orchistene, historian Babken Harutyunyan hypothesizes that the initial vowel in Artsakh was originally an "o" sound (the vowel sounds "o" and "u" are not distinguished in cuneiform) that later underwent a vowel shift to an "a" sound, which is typical of Indo-... | 2.53125 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Artsakh was located on the easternmost edge of the Armenian Plateau (the eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus) and was mostly mountainous and forested. Its area is estimated to have been 11,528 km2. It was bordered by the following Armenian provinces: Utik to the east, Gardman to the northeast, and Syunik to the southwe... | 2.609375 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | The precise location of many of these cantons is not known for certain, and not all of these names are used by later Armenian authors. Some versions enumerate 13 or 14 cantons.
Status
It is not certain how Artsakh was administered as a sub-national political entity within Armenia. Ghevont Alishan believed that Artsakh... | 2.625 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, the proto-Armenians had settled as far north as the Kura River by the 7th century BC. In Robert Hewsen's view, until the 6th–5th centuries BC the proto-Armenians lived only in the western half of the Armenian Plateau (in areas between Cappadocia, the Tigris, the Euphrates, and Lak... | 2.65625 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Traditional views
The early Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi tells of a certain Aran, a descendant of the legendary Armenian patriarch Hayk through Sisak, who inherited "the plain of Albania [Aghuankʻ] and the mountainous region of the same plain" from the Arax River up to the fortress of Hnarakert (located on the ... | 2.46875 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Classical Era
After the fall of Urartu (6th century BC), most of the region south of the Kura River came under the domination of the Medes, followed by the Achaemenian Persians until 331 BC when Alexander the Great invaded the region during his wars with the Achaemenids, upsetting its balance of power. In Robert H. Hew... | 2.59375 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | Artsakh became a major stronghold for Armenian missionaries to proclaim the Christian Gospel to neighboring countries. In 310 St Grigoris, the grandson of Grigor the Illuminator, was ordained bishop of Iberia and Caucasian Albania in the monastery of Amaras, being just 15 years old at the time. After his martyrdom by t... | 2.859375 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | In 387, according to the terms of the Peace of Acilisene, the Armenian kingdom was partitioned between the Roman and Sasanian empires. Caucasian Albania, as an ally of the Sassanids at the time, gained Armenian territories the right bank of the river Kura up to the Arax, including Artsakh, Gardman and Utik.
Following ... | 2.75 | 0 |
560218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsakh%20%28historical%20province%29 | Artsakh (historical province) | In the 7th–9th centuries, the South Caucasus was dominated by the Arab Caliphates. In the early 9th century two Armenian princes, Sahl Smbatian and Esayi Abu-Muse, revolted against Arab rule and established two independent principalities in Artsakh: Khachen and Dizak. At the time the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII a... | 2.53125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s) was a period in the United States characterized by various social and political reform efforts. Reformers during this era, known as Progressives, sought to address issues they associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption, as well as the ... | 3.171875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The progressives were avid modernizers, with a belief in science and technology as the grand solution to society's flaws. They looked to education as the key to bridging the gap between their present wasteful society and technologically enlightened future society. Characteristics of progressivism included a favorable a... | 2.84375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Robert M. La Follette and his family were the dominant forces of progressivism in Wisconsin from the late 1890s to the early 1940s. They started by taking over the Republiican Party and then formed their own statewide "Progressive Party. He tried for the Republican presidential nomination in 1912 but blundered badly in... | 2.0625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | La Follette supported some of President Wilson's policies, but he broke with the president over foreign policy, thereby gaining support from Wisconsin's large German and Scandinavian elements. During World War I, La Follette was the most outspoken opponent of the administration's domestic and international policies.
W... | 2.359375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | President Theodore Roosevelt was a leader of the Progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. He made conservation a top priority and established many new national parks, forests... | 2.6875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson gained a national reputation as governor of New Jersey by defeating the bosses and pushing through a progressive agenda. As president he introduced a comprehensive program of domestic legislation. He had four major domestic priorities: the conservation of natural resources, banking reform... | 2.609375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Charles Evans Hughes
In New York Republican Governor Charles Evans Hughes was known for exposing the insurance industry. During his time in office he promoted a range of reforms. As presidential candidate in 1916 he lost after alienating progressive California voters. As Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, he often... | 2.25 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Croly's 1909 book The Promise of American Life looked to the constitutional liberalism as espoused by Alexander Hamilton, combined with the radical democracy of Thomas Jefferson. The book influenced contemporaneous progressive thought, shaping the ideas of many intellectuals and political leaders, including then ex-Pre... | 2.4375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The negative effects of industrialization triggered the political movement of progressivism, which aimed to address its negative consequences through social reform and government regulation. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr pioneered the settlement house outreach to newly arrived immigrants by establishing Hull House ... | 2.9375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The Wisconsin Idea was the commitment of the University of Wisconsin under President Charles R. Van Hise, with LaFollette support, to use the university's powerful intellectual resources to develop practical progressive reforms for the state and indeed for the nation.
Between 1901 and 1911, Progressive Republicans in ... | 2.5625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The progressive Wisconsin Idea promoted the use of the University of Wisconsin faculty as intellectual resources for state government, and as guides for local government. It promoted expansion of the university through the UW-Extension system to reach all the state's farming communities. University economics professors... | 2.734375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Ida B. Wells-Barnett moved to Chicago in 1895 and became a leading civil rights journalist and anti-lynching activist. She founded the Illinois Negro Women's Club and the Alpha Suffrage Club of Chicago, worked as a probation officer, and helped establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N... | 2.90625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | There were legal efforts to curtail the oil monopoly in the Midwest and South. Tennessee, Illinois, Kentucky and Kansas took the lead in 1904–1905, followed by Arkansas, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia. The results were mixed. Federal action finally won out in ... | 2.671875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | When candidates for office were selected by the party caucus (meetings open to the public) or by statewide party conventions of elected delegates, the public lost a major opportunity to shape policy. The progressive solution was the "open" primary by which any citizen could vote, or the "closed" primary limited to part... | 2.984375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | City manager
At the local level the new city manager system was designed by progressives to increase efficiency and reduce partisanship and avoid the bribery of elected local officials. Kansas was a leader, where it was promoted in the press, led by Henry J. Allen of the Wichita Beacon, and pushed through by Governor A... | 2.921875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Various social services were also expanded during the course of the Progressive Era. Milk codes were drawn up in most cities, while milk depots were set up. As noted by one study, these depots "sold milk at cost or provided it free of charge for needy persons." Progress was made in tackling slum housing, while city gov... | 2.734375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Across the South, black communities developed their own Progressive reform projects. Typical projects involved upgrading schools, modernizing church operations, expanding business opportunities, fighting for a larger share of state budgets, and engaging in legal action to secure equal rights. Reform projects were espec... | 3.125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | One of the most impacting issues African Americans had to face during the Progressive Era was the right to vote. By the beginning of the 20th century, African Americans were "disfranchised", while in the years prior to this, the right to vote had been guaranteed to "freedmen" through the Civil Rights Act of 1870. South... | 2.984375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Many progressives sought to enable the citizenry to rule more directly and circumvent machines, bosses and professional politicians. The institution of the initiative and referendums made it possible to pass laws without the involvement of the legislature, while the recall allowed for the removal of corrupt or under-pe... | 2.734375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913, requiring that all senators be elected by the people (they were formerly appointed by state legislatures). The main motivation was to reduce the power of political bosses, who controlled the Senate seats by virtue of their control of state legislatures. The result, accord... | 3.25 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Insurgent Midwestern Republicans began promoting primaries starting in 1890 with Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin. He crusaded against Stalwart party bosses of the state Republican Party, and won voter approval in a referendum in 1904. While La Follette always won his primary, that was not necessarily the case with o... | 2.640625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Progressive mayors took the lead in many key cities, such as Cleveland, Ohio (especially Mayor Tom Johnson); Toledo, Ohio; Jersey City, New Jersey; Los Angeles; Memphis, Tennessee; Louisville, Kentucky; and many other cities, especially in the western states. In Illinois, Governor Frank Lowden undertook a major reorgan... | 2.65625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The mass migration of people into the cities enriched some people but caused severe problems for others. For the emerging middle class, benefiting from growing incomes and increases in leisure time, the expanding city offered many advantages. Department stores, chain stores, and shopping centers emerged to meet the gro... | 2.96875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Historians of women and of youth emphasize the strength of the progressive impulse in the 1920s. Women consolidated their gains after the success of the suffrage movement, and moved into causes such as world peace, good government, maternal care (the Sheppard–Towner Act of 1921), and local support for education and pub... | 2.859375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Sociologists Robert and Helen Lynd conducted a major study of American society during the 1920s. In 1929, they published their research in a book titled Middletown. "Middletown" was the name used to disguise Muncie, Indiana, the actual place where they conducted their research. One of their findings was that the automo... | 3.03125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The most urgent need was better transportation. The railroad system was virtually complete; the need was for much better roads. The traditional method of putting the burden on maintaining roads on local landowners was increasingly inadequate. New York State took the lead in 1898, and by 1916 the old system had been dis... | 2.84375 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Roosevelt's concern for the environment was influenced by American naturalists, such as John Muir, and by his own political appointees, especially Gifford Pinchot, Chief of Forestry. Working in concert with many individuals and organizations, the Roosevelt administration was responsible for the following: the Newlands ... | 2.8125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The Progressive Era was one of general prosperity after the Panic of 1893—a severe depression—ended in 1897. The Panic of 1907 was short and mostly affected financiers. However, Campbell (2005) stresses the weak points of the economy in 1907–1914, linking them to public demands for more Progressive interventions. The P... | 2.703125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | By the start of the 20th century, a middle class had developed that was weary of both the business elite and the radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West. The progressives argued the need for government regulation of business practices to ensure competition and free enterprise. Congre... | 2.765625 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Roosevelt's antitrust record over eight years included 18 civil cases and 26 criminal antitrust cases resulting in 22 convictions and 22 acquittals. Taft's four years had 54 civil and 36 criminal suits and Taft's prosecutor secured 55 convictions and 35 acquittals. Taft's cases included many leading firms in major sect... | 2.3125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Immigration policy
The influx of immigration grew steadily after 1896, with most new arrivals being unskilled workers from southern and eastern Europe. These immigrants were able to find work in the steel mills, slaughterhouses, fishing industry, and construction crews of the emergent mill towns and industrial cities m... | 2.953125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | The Philippines was a major target for the progressive reformers. A 1907 report to Secretary of War Taft provided a summary of what the American civil administration had achieved. It included, in addition to the rapid building of a public school system based on English teaching, and boasted about such modernizing achie... | 2.796875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Although the Progressive Era was characterized by public support for World War I under Woodrow Wilson, there was also a substantial opposition to the war. Jane Addams was the most prominent leader.
Societal reforms
Rhetoric of righteousness
Mainline Protestant denominations adopted the Social Gospel. The goal was to ... | 2.71875 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | Women's education in home economics
A new field of study, the art and science of homemaking, emerged in the Progressive Era in an effort to feminize women's education in the United States. Home economics emerged at the end of the nineteenth century in response to the many changes occurring both at the level of material... | 2.703125 | 0 |
560252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Era | Progressive Era | There was a concern towards working class children being taken out of school to be put straight to work. Progressives around the country put up campaigns to push for an improvement in public education and to make education mandatory. There were some less successful attempts in the South, where educational levels were f... | 2.78125 | 0 |
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