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560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | Warmoth appointed Democrats as parish registrars, and they ensured the voter rolls included as many Whites and as few freedmen as possible. A number of registrars changed the registration site without notifying Black residents. They also required Black voters to prove they were over 21, while knowing that former slaves... | 2.21875 | 0 |
560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | Grant Parish was one of a number of new parishes created by the Republican government in an effort to increase local control in the state. Both the land and its people were originally associated with the Calhoun family, whose plantation had covered more than the borders of the new parish. The freedmen had been slaves o... | 2.515625 | 0 |
560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | In the aftermath of Hadnot's shooting, the White paramilitary group reacted with mass murders of the Black men. As more than 40 times as many Black people died as did White people, historians generally describe the event as a massacre. The White paramilitary group killed unarmed men trying to hide in the courthouse. Th... | 2.125 | 0 |
560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | On April 14, some of Governor Kellogg's new police force arrived from New Orleans. Several days later, two companies of Federal troops arrived. They searched for White paramilitary members, but many had already fled to Texas or the hills. The officers filed a military report in which they identified by name three White... | 2.359375 | 0 |
560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | When the federal government appealed the case, it was heard by the US Supreme Court as United States v. Cruikshank (1875). The Supreme Court ruled that the Enforcement Act of 1870 (which was based on the Bill of Rights and 14th Amendment) applied only to actions committed by the state and that it did not apply to actio... | 2.21875 | 0 |
560872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%20massacre | Colfax massacre | Paramilitary groups used violence and murder to terrorize leaders among the freedmen and White Republicans, as well as to repress voting among freedmen during the 1870s. Black American citizens had little recourse. In August 1874, for instance, the White League threw out Republican officeholders in Coushatta, Red River... | 2.703125 | 0 |
560875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20de%20Goncourt | Jules de Goncourt | Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt (; 17 December 183020 June 1870) was a French writer, who published books together with his brother Edmond. Jules was born and died in Paris. His death at the age of 39 was at Auteuil of a stroke brought on by syphilis.
The Prix Goncourt is awarded annually in his honor.
Biography
Backg... | 2.046875 | 0 |
560875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20de%20Goncourt | Jules de Goncourt | Career
The two brothers initially focused on art history scholarship, publishing books on late 18th century history and the "evolution of an age from the objects and articles of its social existence". The two brothers shared a love for 18th century art, assembling a large and esteemed collection of fine and decorative ... | 2.59375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | The modern era of the pharmaceutical industry began with local apothecaries that expanded their traditional role of distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid-1800s. Intentional drug discovery from plants began with the extraction of morphine – an analgesic and sleep-i... | 2.75 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and amphetamine
By the 1890s, the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signaling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising ... | 2.4375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | In 1903, Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal... | 2.390625 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Insulin
A series of experiments performed from the late 1800s to the early 1900s revealed that diabetes is caused by the absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas. In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas. In 1921, Can... | 2.84375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the antibacterial effects of penicillin, but its exploitation for the treatment of human disease awaited the development of methods for its large scale production and purification. These were developed by a U.S. and British government-led consortium of pharmaceutical companies duri... | 3.046875 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Prior to the 20th century, drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spu... | 2.671875 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | 2.921875 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | During the years 1940–1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | 2.75 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Development and marketing of antihypertensive drugs
Hypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease, and is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in industrialized countries. Prior to 1... | 2.421875 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | 2.359375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Drug discovery and development are very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government-appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries. In 2010 18 NMEs (New Mole... | 2.5 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A dir... | 2.15625 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | A fourth phase of post-approval surveillance is also often required due to the fact that even the largest clinical trials cannot effectively predict the prevalence of rare side-effects. Postmarketing surveillance ensures that after marketing the safety of a drug is monitored closely. In certain instances, its indicatio... | 2.109375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and developmen... | 1.945313 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Patents and generics
Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governm... | 2.171875 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | There has been increasing controversy surrounding pharmaceutical marketing and influence. There have been accusations and findings of influence on doctors and other health professionals through drug reps including the constant provision of marketing 'gifts' and biased information to health professionals; highly prevale... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | 1.984375 | 0 |
560876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20industry | Pharmaceutical industry | In November 2020 several pharmaceutical companies announced successful trials of COVID-19 vaccines, with efficacy
of 90 to 95% in preventing infection. Per company announcements and data reviewed by external analysts, these vaccines are priced at $3 to $37 per dose. The Wall Street Journal ran an editorial calling for ... | 2.21875 | 0 |
560884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Wynn | Early Wynn | Early Wynn Jr. (January 6, 1920 – April 4, 1999), nicknamed "Gus", was an American professional baseball right-handed pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox, during his 23-year MLB career. Wynn was identified as one of the most intimidatin... | 2.390625 | 0 |
560884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Wynn | Early Wynn | With Cleveland, Wynn was a member of what historian David Fleitz called "one of the greatest pitching rotations of all time," along with Bob Feller, Mike Garcia, and Bob Lemon. Pitching coach Mel Harder taught him a curveball, slider, and knuckleball, which Wynn credited with helping him become a better pitcher in the ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
560884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Wynn | Early Wynn | Washington Senators (1939, 1941–1944, 1946–1948)
Wynn made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 1939, when he was a September callup by the Senators. He threw a complete game in his first outing on September 13, allowing four runs (three earned) in a 4–2 loss to the Chicago White Sox. Wynn made three starts, postin... | 2.15625 | 0 |
560884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Wynn | Early Wynn | Fleitz writes that in 1959, "everything clicked for both Wynn and the White Sox." He began relying further on the knuckleball, since his fastball was losing velocity. "For years they've been accusing me of throwing it when I didn't even know how to hold it ... I can't throw as hard as I did six, seven years ago. And I ... | 1.929688 | 0 |
560884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Wynn | Early Wynn | Legacy
Wynn approached the game with passion, sometimes throwing chairs in frustration after losses. He also hated getting removed from games, once throwing a baseball at López when the manager walked to the mound to remove him (though Wynn apologized to López after the game). First afflicted by gout in 1950, he endure... | 2.09375 | 0 |
560899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Leeds | Duke of Leeds | Duke of Leeds was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1694 for the prominent statesman Thomas Osborne, 1st Marquess of Carmarthen, who had been one of the Immortal Seven in the Revolution of 1688. He had already succeeded as 2nd Baronet, of Kiveton (1647) and been created Viscount Osborne, of Dunblane ... | 2.421875 | 0 |
560912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Kingston-upon-Hull | Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull | Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain, with the title Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull being a title in the Peerage of England. The earldom was created on 25 July 1628 for Robert Pierrepont, 1st Viscount Newark. The dukedom was created on 10 August 1715 for his great-grandson, Evelyn Pierrepo... | 2.390625 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | Princess Kaʻiulani (; Victoria Kawēkiu Kaʻiulani Lunalilo Kalaninuiahilapalapa Cleghorn; October 16, 1875 – March 6, 1899) was a Hawaiian royal, the only child of Princess Miriam Likelike, and the last heir apparent to the throne of the Hawaiian Kingdom. She was the niece of King Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani. After... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | After arriving back in Hawaii in 1897, Kaʻiulani settled into life as a private citizen and busied herself with social engagements. She and Liliʻuokalani boycotted the 1898 annexation ceremony and mourned the loss of Hawaiian independence. However, she later hosted the American congressional delegation in charge of for... | 2.796875 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | Kaʻiulani was the only child of Princess Miriam Likelike and Scottish businessman Archibald Scott Cleghorn. She was born in a downstairs bedroom of her parents' Emma Street mansion in Honolulu, on October 16, 1875, during the reign of her uncle King Kalākaua. Her birth was announced by gun salutes and the ringing of al... | 2.203125 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | She was christened by Bishop Alfred Willis, at 1:00 p.m. on December 25, 1875, at the Pro-Cathedral of St. Andrew's Anglican Cathedral in Honolulu. This was the first christening of a Hawaiian princess since the birth of Victoria Kamāmalu in 1838. The baby Kaʻiulani, clad in a "cashmere robe, embroidered with silk", wa... | 2.84375 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | Kaʻiulani felt duty-bound to her family in Hawaii, especially her ailing aunt, the Dowager Queen Kapiʻolani. However, the princess was wary of her uncertain future as a former royal and was reluctant to accept the prospect of an arranged marriage back home. She was also growing accustomed to life abroad. Despite her mi... | 2.015625 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | Kaʻiulani and her father Cleghorn sailed from Southampton to New York on October 9, 1897. After a brief stay at the Albemarle Hotel in New York, the two traveled to Washington, D.C., to pay their respects to Queen Liliʻuokalani, who was staying at Ebbett House in the U.S. capital to lobby against annexation. Afterward,... | 2.453125 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | The Republic of Hawaii government put all its resources at the family's disposal and gave her a state funeral on March 12. She lay in state at Kawaiahaʻo Church until her final service. Hundreds of individuals and organizations made up the procession. The Pacific Commercial Advertiser estimated that 20,000 spectators l... | 2.71875 | 0 |
560920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani | Kaʻiulani | In the fall of 2007, British filmmaker Marc Forby began production on a $9 million film titled Barbarian Princess based on the princess' attempts to restore her nation's independence. Princess Kaʻiulani was played by 12-year-old Kaimana Paʻaluhi of Oahu and by Q'Orianka Kilcher. Barry Pepper, Will Patton, and Shaun Eva... | 2.03125 | 0 |
560934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenmont%20station | Glenmont station | 1977 plans
In May 1977, Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams questioned extending the Red Line to Glenmont, citing the increased costs projected after engineers determined that the bedrock required building the tracks much deeper than had been anticipated. Under pressure from the Office of Management and Budget and ... | 2.203125 | 0 |
560936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Berwick | Duke of Berwick | Duke of Berwick () () is a title that was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of James II and VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Arabella Churchill. The title's name refers to the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, near the border with Scotland.... | 2.515625 | 0 |
560936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Berwick | Duke of Berwick | In contrast, in 1953, the Spanish title was inherited by the 10th Duke’s only daughter, Doña Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926-2014), who was, in her own right, the 11th Duchess of Berwick. When she died in 2014, her son Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (born 1948) succeeded to the t... | 2.3125 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | Prenzlauer Berg () is a locality of Berlin, forming the southerly and most urban district of the borough of Pankow. From its founding in 1920 until 2001, Prenzlauer Berg was a district of Berlin in its own right. However, that year it was incorporated (along with the borough of Weißensee) into the greater district of P... | 2.203125 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | Cityscape
Prenzlauer Berg is characterized by Wilhelmine buildings, that were erected at the turn of the 20th century (1889 to 1905). Over 80% of all housing in this area was constructed before 1948, with the oldest building still standing being from 1848 at Kastanienallee 77. Though substantial, there was less war-re... | 2.421875 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | Over 300 buildings remain protected as historic monuments, like the municipal swimming pool at Oderberger Straße and the breweries on Milastraße and Knaackstraße. The borough is famous for its restaurants and bars. Although places that provide a truly traditional Berlin staple are few and far between, there is a vast a... | 2.078125 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | Prenzlauer Berg was developed during the second half of the 19th century based on 1862 urban planning designs by James Hobrecht, the so-called Hobrecht-Plan for Berlin. Prenzlauer Berg was part of what became known as the Wilhelmine Ring with a primarily working-class population. Before the Second World War around 11% ... | 2.90625 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | In the interim between the peaceful revolution that brought down the wall in 1989 and the consolidation of a united Germany that began a year later, as many as 39 Wilhelmine apartment houses were occupied by squatters in Prenzlauer Berg alone. Focal points were the areas around Kastanienallee, Teutoburger Platz, and He... | 2.0625 | 0 |
560942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenzlauer%20Berg | Prenzlauer Berg | Prenzlauer Berg since the 1990s
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Prenzlauer Berg initially developed into a trendy district with numerous cafés, bars and clubs, especially in the streets around Kollwitzplatz and Helmholtzplatz, due to numerous vacant commercial spaces in the early 1990s. However, these early underg... | 2.234375 | 0 |
560962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant%20Island | Elephant Island | The island was the desolate refuge of the British explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew in 1916 following the loss of their ship Endurance in the pack ice of the Weddell Sea. The crew of 28 reached Cape Valentine on Elephant Island after months spent drifting on ice floes and a harrowing crossing of the open ocean in... | 2.921875 | 0 |
560972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigs%20Is%20Pigs | Pigs Is Pigs | "Pigs Is Pigs" is a story by American writer Ellis Parker Butler. First published as a short story in American Illustrated Magazine in September 1905, "Pigs Is Pigs" went on to dozens of printings as a book and in anthologies over the next several decades.
Plot
Railway agent Mike Flannery wants to charge the livestoc... | 2.5625 | 0 |
560985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Last%20Question | The Last Question | The story jumps forward in time into later eras of human and scientific development. These new eras highlight humanity's goals of searching for "more"; more space, more energy, more planets to inhabit once the current one becomes overcrowded. As humanity's imprint on the universe expands, computers have subsequently be... | 2.078125 | 0 |
560986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy%20music | Pygmy music | Liquindi
Liquindi is water drumming, typically practiced by Pygmy women and girls. The sound is produced by persons standing in water, and hitting the surface of the water with their hands, such as to trap air in the hands and produce a percussive effect that arises by sudden change in air pressure of the trapped air. ... | 2.71875 | 0 |
560989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20of%20Ranks | Table of Ranks | The Table of Ranks () was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars. The Table of Ranks was formally abolished on 11 November 1917 by the newly... | 2.546875 | 0 |
560989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20of%20Ranks | Table of Ranks | Peter I stipulated that "princes related to us or married to our princesses always take precedence" and that when military officers of the army and navy were of the same rank, "the naval officer is superior at sea to the land officer; and on land the land officer is superior to the naval officer". He laid down that fin... | 2.390625 | 0 |
561001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp%20masking | Unsharp masking | Unsharp masking (USM) is an image sharpening technique, first implemented in darkroom photography, but now commonly used in digital image processing software. Its name derives from the fact that the technique uses a blurred, or "unsharp", negative image to create a mask of the original image. The unsharp mask is then c... | 2.328125 | 0 |
561001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp%20masking | Unsharp masking | In the photographic procedure, the amount of blurring can be controlled by changing the "softness" or "hardness" (from point source to fully diffuse) of the light source used for the initial unsharp mask exposure, while the strength of the effect can be controlled by changing the contrast and density (i.e., exposure an... | 2.328125 | 0 |
561001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp%20masking | Unsharp masking | Local contrast enhancement
Unsharp masking may also be used with a large radius and a small amount (such as 30–100 pixel radius and 5–20% amount), which yields increased local contrast, a technique termed local contrast enhancement. USM can increase either sharpness or (local) contrast because these are both forms of ... | 1.984375 | 0 |
561007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%20and%20Adonis%20%28Shakespeare%20poem%29 | Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem) | Venus and Adonis is a narrative poem by William Shakespeare published in 1593. It is probably Shakespeare's first publication.
The poem tells the story of Venus, the goddess of Love; of her unrequited love; and of her attempted seduction of Adonis, an extremely handsome young man, who would rather go hunting. The poem... | 2.46875 | 0 |
561007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%20and%20Adonis%20%28Shakespeare%20poem%29 | Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem) | Adaptations
In 1992, the then British poet laureate, Ted Hughes, published a book, Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being (Faber and Faber in UK, Farrar Straus in US) based on a "shamanic" interpretation of Venus and Adonis as a "key" to Shakespeare's tragic dramas.
In 1996 The Theatreworks Company, Dublin, s... | 2.265625 | 0 |
561022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim%20American%20Society | Muslim American Society | The Muslim American Society (MAS) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1993 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. MAS describes itself as a grassroots Islamic movement. It has more than 50 chapters across the United States.
History
Muslim American Society (MAS) was founded by a small group of American Muslims who w... | 2.171875 | 0 |
561022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim%20American%20Society | Muslim American Society | In 1999, the organization began publishing a bimonthly English-language magazine, The American Muslim. The following year, the MAS Youth Center opened in Brooklyn, and MAS helped start the Islamic American University, based out of Southfield, Michigan, and Kansas City, Missouri, as a distant-learning program for classi... | 2.359375 | 0 |
561059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Rado | James Rado | Rainbow
While Ragni and Hair composer Galt MacDermot collaborated on Dude, Rado wrote a musical entitled The Rainbow Rainbeam Radio Roadshow, or Rainbow for short, collaborating on the book with his brother Ted Rado and contributing his own music and lyrics. Rainbow opened Off-Broadway at the Orpheum Theater in Decembe... | 1.976563 | 0 |
561065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%20herd | Bachelor herd | Being actively territorial in the Serengeti is physically demanding for male impala, so males occupy this role for about 3 months. Males will then join a bachelor herd, though this results in them occupying a social dominance status at the bottom of the linear rank hierarchy until their physical condition returns to pr... | 2.78125 | 0 |
561080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Rwanda | Music of Rwanda | The music of Rwanda encompasses Rwandan traditions of folk music as well as contemporary East African Afrobeat and Congolese ndombolo, and performers of a wide variety of Western genres including hip-hop, R&B, gospel music and pop ballads.
Traditional music
Traditional music and dance are taught in "amatorero" dance ... | 2.640625 | 0 |
561099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%27%20boy | Po' boy | In the late 19th century, fried oyster sandwiches on French loaves were known in New Orleans as "oyster loaves", a term still in use. A sandwich containing both fried shrimp and fried oysters is often called a "peacemaker" or .
A popular local theory claims that the term "poor boy" (later "po' boy", etc.), specificall... | 2.46875 | 0 |
561099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%27%20boy | Po' boy | New Orleans is known for its grand restaurants (see Louisiana Creole cuisine), but more humble fare like the po' boy is very popular. Po' boys may be made at home, sold pre-packaged in convenience stores, available at deli counters and most neighborhood restaurants. One of the most basic New Orleans restaurants is a po... | 1.992188 | 0 |
561103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19P/Borrelly | 19P/Borrelly | Comet Borrelly or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a comet with a period of 6.85 years that was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on February 1, 2022 and will next come to perihelion on December 11, 2028.
Deep Space ... | 2.84375 | 0 |
561106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failsworth | Failsworth | Failsworth is a town in the Oldham district, in Greater Manchester, England, north-east of Manchester and south-west of Oldham. The orbital M60 motorway skirts it to the east. The population at the 2011 census was 20,680. Historically in Lancashire, Failsworth until the 19th century was a farming township linked eccl... | 2.265625 | 0 |
561110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Stanhope | Jon Stanhope | Jonathan Donald Stanhope (born 29 April 1951) is a former Australian politician who was Labor Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory from 2001 to 2011. Stanhope represented the Ginninderra electorate in the ACT Legislative Assembly from 1998 until 2011. He is the only ACT Chief Minister to have governed wi... | 1.9375 | 0 |
561110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Stanhope | Jon Stanhope | On 26 November 2007, following the resignation of the Northern Territory's Clare Martin, Stanhope became Australia's longest-serving incumbent state or territory leader. When Kevin Rudd was sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December 2007, replacing John Howard, Stanhope became the country's longest-serving i... | 1.90625 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw, (22 November 1893 – 28 September 1976) was a distinguished Canadian fighter pilot, squadron leader, and commanding officer who served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and later the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was the highest scoring RNAS flying ace and the second highest scoring Canadian pilot of... | 2.03125 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | Collishaw's first encounter with a German aircraft was while flying escort duty on 3 Wing's first large-scale raid into Germany, against the Mauser Rifle Factory at Oberndorf, on 12 October 1916. The raid consisted of 27 aircraft from both British and French squadrons, and had multiple flights at different altitudes. C... | 2.296875 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | No. 10 Naval Squadron
When Collishaw returned to service in late April, he was posted to No. 10 Naval Squadron as a flight commander. Once again, Collishaw discovered that the squadron was mainly Canadian by composition. Naval 10 was slowly being equipped with the new, fast-climbing and maneuverable Sopwith Triplane, ... | 2.453125 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | The Black Flight
Collishaw's "B" Flight of Naval 10 would initially be composed entirely of Canadians, and would later be nicknamed the "Black Flight", owing to the flight's black (front) engine cowling and wheel covers (to contrast with the red and blue of Naval 10's "A" and "B" Flights, respectively). In addition, th... | 2.328125 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | 6 July 1917 was Collishaw's most successful day. Diving to the aid of some beleaguered F.E.2d's who were surrounded by what he estimated to be around 30 German fighters, Naval 10's two flights turned the situation into a wild dogfight. Descending onto the rear of a red Albatros, Collishaw took a few burst shots which h... | 2.1875 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | 22 and 28 July were sad days for the squadron, and Collishaw especially, for they marked the losses of John Sharman and Ellis Reid, respectively – both being killed. Sharman's Triplane was struck by anti-aircraft fire and disintegrated mid-air. Reid, it was suspected, fell prey to pilots from Jasta 11. Reid had been Na... | 2.015625 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | On 23 January 1918, Collishaw returned to the embattled area of the Western Front to command No. 3 Naval Squadron (stationed at Mont-Saint-Éloi), one of his previous units. Collishaw found that serving as a commanding officer took up a great deal of his time with "paper work", and as a result, his flight time was signi... | 2.5625 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | Russia 1919
In the Spring of 1919, civil war was raging in Russia. The British government decided that in addition to the current Military Mission that acted in support of General Anton Denikin's White Russian forces, a squadron would be sent to operate under him, and Collishaw was chosen to be in command. Collishaw a... | 2.734375 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | The squadron's operations were incredibly effective against Red Army forces, mainly consisting of troops, cavalry, and some occasionally hardened positions. Collishaw and his pilots were adept at using their advantages and equipment to maximum effect – reconnaissance, bombing, and strafing inflicted thousands of casual... | 2.28125 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | By the end of December, Red Army advances had become uncontrollable in some areas, and Collishaw's flight train was cut off from the rest of the squadron. This forced the trains – containing troops, refugees, and Collishaw's flight – to go in a different direction, through hostile (though undefended) territories. It al... | 2.078125 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | With the Italians in disarray, Churchill again took some of Collishaw's forces and sent them to Greece. While Collishaw's forces were thereby reduced, he still argued with senior command that British forces should pursue the fleeing Italians to push them completely out of Libya without delay. However with the slow arri... | 2.21875 | 0 |
561121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Collishaw | Raymond Collishaw | In his retirement, Collishaw pursued some varied involvement with mining companies, just like his father had before him. In his spare time, Collishaw would often research First World War aerial history, corresponding widely with former pilots, historians, and enthusiasts.
His memoirs were titled Air Command, A Fighter... | 2.09375 | 0 |
561136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20McBride | Richard McBride | The government's popularity waned as an economic downturn hit the province along with the mounting railway debts. McBride resigned on December 15, 1915, to become the province's representative in London, where he died in 1917.
During his time as Premier, he also served as Minister of Education (1903 to 1904), Minister... | 2.515625 | 0 |
561185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Atl | Dr. Atl | Gerardo Murillo Coronado, also known by his signature "Dr. Atl" (October 3, 1875 – August 15, 1964), was a Mexican painter and writer. He was actively involved in the Mexican Revolution in the Constitutionalist faction led by Venustiano Carranza. He had ties to the anarchosyndicalist labor organization, the Casa del O... | 2.359375 | 0 |
561185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Atl | Dr. Atl | During the 1930s and 1940s, Dr. Atl published frequent articles praising European fascism, especially Adolf Hitler. His interest in politics seemed to wane as he became more interested in the field of volcanology.
Dr. Atl's strong love of the outdoors and his active nature are seen in his many paintings which portray ... | 2.8125 | 0 |
561188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arion%20%28character%29 | Arion (character) | Later additions to his origin expand on the time in which his soul existed in a state of intangibility in Darkworld as he was raised by sorceress Jheryl and befriended the Imp, Ghy. Also teaching him magic, she created the red gemstone he uses and serves as his motherly figure in place of Majistra. When called back to ... | 1.984375 | 0 |
561188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arion%20%28character%29 | Arion (character) | In the 2018 Justice League backup issues of Justice League Dark, the famous sorcerer of Arthurian legends, Merlin, plots to conquer all of the magic under his control. His quest pits him against Justice League Dark, Aquaman, and Atlantis's Silent School. Wanting to control the extra-dimensional wellspring of Atlantean ... | 2.046875 | 0 |
561188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arion%20%28character%29 | Arion (character) | Alongside his extraordinary magical abilities, Arion possesses heightened senses, psychic abilities, and the gift of prophecy, enabling him to perceive disturbances in both the present and the future. Though he favors magical solutions, Arion is also a skilled hand-to-hand combatant and swordsman. His versatility exten... | 2.0625 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Belarus is an Eastern European country with a rich tradition of folk and religious music. The country's folk music traditions can be traced back to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The country's musical traditions spread with its people to countries like Russia, Canada, United States, Kazakhstan and Latvia. T... | 2.6875 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | The earliest musical instruments on Belarusian territory were found at the Dubakray settlement near Lake Sennitsa, on the border of Vitsyebsk and Pskov regions. Two bone flutes discovered there were straight tubes with five sound holes. Excavations of the Neolithic settlement of Asavets (Beshankovichy district) uncover... | 2.90625 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Ancient Music
The development of ancient professional musical art in Belarus is closely linked to the Christianization process. This facilitated the assimilation of Byzantine spiritual music, influencing genres of church chants such as the antiphon, irmos, troparion, canon, and sticheron. These chants were performed i... | 2.8125 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | The origins of Orthodox music among the Eastern Slavs can be traced to Byzantine and Bulgarian church music, which arrived in Belarus with Christianity. The 10th–14th centuries were marked by the adaptation of Byzantine hymnography to local conditions. Greek played a significant role in ancient Eastern Christian worshi... | 2.59375 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | The 15th century saw the flourishing of Orthodox singing culture in Belarus. Authors of hymns and compilers of handwritten musical collections (irmologions) began to be recorded. Early singing alphabets appeared, the number of znamenny signs increased, and the tonal range expanded toward higher notes. Diverse melodies ... | 2.5625 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Influence on Russian Music
From the mid-16th to the 18th centuries, Catholic influences became characteristic. Several Belarusian monasteries were relocated to Russia, including the Kuceinski Monastery near Orša, which became the foundation of one of Russia’s cultural centers, the New Jerusalem Monastery. Here, the no... | 2.53125 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Orthodox Music
By the late 16th century, Belarusian choirs of the Vilnius, Niaśviž, Sluck, Minsk, Mahiloŭ, Orša, and Kuceiń brotherhoods were distinguished for performing both spiritual and secular works in 4, 6, 8, and 12 parts. Belarusian monasteries, such as the Suprasl, Blahaveščański, Žyrovičy, and Mahiloŭ monast... | 2.5625 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Catholic Music
Catholic music appeared in Belarus in the late 14th century as an integral part of the Latin rite. The musical accompaniment of Catholic worship was composed of stylistically diverse elements, including the archaic Gregorian chant, vocal-choral works a cappella with instrumental accompaniment, instrumen... | 2.734375 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | Liauksminas also authored the first textbook on the theory of choral singing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, "Theory and Practice of Music" (1667, 1669, 1693).
Franciscan Dominance in the 18th Century
In the 18th century, most Catholic music works in Belarus originated from the Franciscan order. Liturgical compositi... | 2.5 | 0 |
561208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Belarus | Music of Belarus | The Uniates maintained and developed ancient Belarusian-Ukrainian znamenny singing traditions, which were preserved in manuscript irmologions of the 17th–18th centuries from locations such as Supraslaŭ, Žyrovičy, and Smalensk. These traditions also appeared in the first Slavic music prints for Uniate churches, such as ... | 2.390625 | 0 |
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