id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 381 | title stringlengths 1 211 | text stringlengths 1.02k 2.05k | edu_quality float64 1.91 4.03 | naive_quality int64 0 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7071462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS%20K%C3%B6nig%20Wilhelm | SMS König Wilhelm | Design
The ship had originally been ordered by the Ottoman Empire under the name from the Thames Ironworks shipyard in London, England in 1865. The vessel was built to a design created by the British naval architect Edward Reed, and at the time it was regarded in the press to be the most powerful vessel in the world.... | 2.796875 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | Greek atomism
The earliest views on the shapes and connectivity of atoms was that proposed by Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus who reasoned that the solidness of the material corresponded to the shape of the atoms involved. Thus, iron atoms are solid and strong with hooks that lock them into a solid; water atoms a... | 2.8125 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | In two papers outlining his "theory of atomicity of the elements" (1857–58), Friedrich August Kekulé was the first to offer a theory of how every atom in an organic molecule was bonded to every other atom. He proposed that carbon atoms were tetravalent, and could bond to themselves to form the carbon skeletons of orga... | 2.515625 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | In 1865, German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann was the first to make stick-and-ball molecular models, which he used in lecture at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, such as methane shown below:
The basis of this model followed the earlier 1855 suggestion by his colleague William Odling that carbon is tetraval... | 2.765625 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | 20th century
In the early 20th century, the American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis began to use dots in lecture, while teaching undergraduates at Harvard, to represent the electrons around atoms. His students favored these drawings, which stimulated him in this direction. From these lectures, Lewis noted that elements wi... | 3.375 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | In 1913, while working as the chair of the department of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, Lewis read a preliminary outline of paper by an English graduate student, Alfred Lauck Parson, who was visiting Berkeley for a year. In this paper, Parson suggested that the electron is not merely an electric ... | 3 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | The following year, in 1917, an unknown American undergraduate chemical engineer named Linus Pauling was learning the Dalton hook-and-eye bonding method at the Oregon Agricultural College, which was the vogue description of bonds between atoms at the time. Each atom had a certain number of hooks that allowed it to atta... | 2.40625 | 0 |
7071490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20molecular%20theory | History of molecular theory | In 1926, French physicist Jean Perrin received the Nobel Prize in physics for proving, conclusively, the existence of molecules. He did this by calculating the Avogadro number using three different methods, all involving liquid phase systems. First, he used a gamboge soap-like emulsion, second by doing experimental w... | 2.53125 | 0 |
7071660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Route%20401 | Pennsylvania Route 401 | Pennsylvania Route 401 (PA 401) is a east–west state route in Berks and Chester counties, located in southeast Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at PA 23 in Caernarvon Township, across the county line from Elverson. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) in East Whiteland Township, a short distance west ... | 2.21875 | 0 |
7071676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury%20Shaker%20Village | Canterbury Shaker Village | Canterbury Shaker Village is a historic site and museum in Canterbury, New Hampshire, United States. It was one of a number of Shaker communities founded in the 19th century.
It is one of the most intact and authentic surviving Shaker community sites, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993.
The site is... | 2.28125 | 0 |
7071676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury%20Shaker%20Village | Canterbury Shaker Village | In 1782 Israel Chauncey and Ebeneezer Cooley from the Mount Lebanon village of Shakers traveled to Canterbury and converted several prominent figures of the community. These figures included Benjamin and Mary Whitcher and the Wiggin and Sanborn families, who later donated land to house the Canterbury Village community ... | 2.421875 | 0 |
7071683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Abbey%20%28organ%20builder%29 | John Abbey (organ builder) | John Abbey (22 December 1785 – 19 February 1859) (French: Jean Abbey) was an English organ builder, who built organs for the cathedrals of many French cities, as well as the organ at the Salle Le Peletier of the Paris Opera (1831). Many French organ builders adopted his English bellows design.
Early life and career
A... | 2.21875 | 0 |
7071697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Public%20Broadcasting%20Archives | National Public Broadcasting Archives | The National Public Broadcasting Archives (NPBA) – housed as part of the Broadcasting Archives at the University of Maryland – preserves the history of American non-commercial broadcasting materials. It is housed at the University of Maryland, College Park in Hornbake Library. NPBA serves as a living reminder of the c... | 2.203125 | 0 |
7071727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Nicolson | John B. Nicolson | John B. Nicolson (c. 1783 – November 9, 1846) was an officer in the United States Navy during the first half of the 19th century.
Nicolson was born in and a native of Richmond, Virginia. He entered the Navy as a midshipman on July 4, 1805. He served on the brig , commanded by Isaac Chauncey. Nicolson was promoted to l... | 1.976563 | 0 |
7071780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinto%2C%20Minas%20Gerais | Corinto, Minas Gerais | Corinto is a Brazilian municipality in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population was 23,668 living in a total area of 2,524 km2. The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Central Mineira and to the statistical microregion of Curvelo. It became a municipality in 1923.
Corinto is at an elevati... | 2.546875 | 0 |
7071808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Kenneth%20Stephen | James Kenneth Stephen | James Kenneth Stephen (25 February 1859 – 3 February 1892) was an English poet, and tutor to Prince Albert Victor, eldest son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII).
Early life
James Kenneth Stephen was the second son of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, barrister-at-law, and his wife Mary Richenda Cunningham... | 2.4375 | 0 |
7071808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Kenneth%20Stephen | James Kenneth Stephen | Poetry
In 1891, Stephen became a published poet under the initials J.K.S. with the collections Lapsus Calami and Quo Musa Tendis both released that year. Rudyard Kipling called him "that genius" and told how he "dealt with Haggard and me in some stanzas which I would have given much to have written myself". Those stanz... | 2.125 | 0 |
7071808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Kenneth%20Stephen | James Kenneth Stephen | Breakdown and death
On 24 November 1891, Stephen's landlady found him standing naked at the window of his rooms in 18 Trinity Street, Cambridge. He had thrown his possessions into the street and was screaming, convinced that he was facing imminent arrest. His brothers Herbert and Harry came from London and accompanied ... | 2.078125 | 0 |
7071834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Taylor | Moses Taylor | Moses Taylor (January 11, 1806 – May 23, 1882) was a 19th-century New York merchant and banker and one of the wealthiest men of that century. At his death, his estate was reported to be worth $70 million, or about $ billion in today's dollars. He controlled the National City Bank of New York (later to become Citibank),... | 2.140625 | 0 |
7071834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Taylor | Moses Taylor | When the Panic of 1837 allowed Astor to take over what was then City Bank of New York (today known as Citibank), he named Taylor as director. Taylor himself had doubled his fortune during the panic, and brought his growing financial connections to the bank. He acquired equity in the bank and in 1855 became its presiden... | 2.53125 | 0 |
7071834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Taylor | Moses Taylor | Tammany Hall
After the Civil War, during which he assisted the Union with financing its war debt, he continued to invest in iron, railroads, and real estate. His real estate holdings in New York brought him into close association with political power broker Boss Tweed of New York's Tammany Hall. Taylor sat in 1871 on ... | 2.375 | 0 |
7071904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresswell%2C%20Staffordshire | Cresswell, Staffordshire | Cresswell is a hamlet in Staffordshire, England. It is approximately one mile SE of Blythe Bridge and has a population of approximately 300. From the 2011 census the population of this hamlet has been included with Draycott-in-the-Moors.
The "Izaak Walton" public house and restaurant is named after the seventeenth-cen... | 2.203125 | 0 |
7071947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20siege%20of%20Girona%20%28Peninsular%20War%29 | Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War) | The third siege of Girona occurred in northern Catalonia, Spain from 6 May to 12 December 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars. A significant event of the Peninsular War, France's Grande Armée lay siege to the town of Girona for seven months. Girona was strategically important because it controlled the main road between F... | 2.953125 | 0 |
7071947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20siege%20of%20Girona%20%28Peninsular%20War%29 | Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War) | At the beginning of May 1809, General Saint-Cyr began setting up artillery batteries and fortifications, mounting 40 gun batteries. The French forces consisted of over 17,000 men led by general Honoré Charles Reille, soon superseded by general Jean-Antoine Verdier, engaged in the siege, and an additional 15,000 men in... | 2.28125 | 0 |
7071947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20siege%20of%20Girona%20%28Peninsular%20War%29 | Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War) | The French strategy had been to take Montjuïc, after which Girona was expected to surrender, but in September another entreaty from the French for the Spanish to surrender was rejected. The French began their first direct assault on the city on 19 September. The incessant bombardment, now also from nearby Montjuïc, had... | 2.515625 | 0 |
7071947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20siege%20of%20Girona%20%28Peninsular%20War%29 | Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War) | In spite of Álvarez's poor health, the French imprisoned him and the other officers from Girona at Perpignan, France on 23 December. After a month, he was taken to stand trial for treason at the Sant Ferran Castle in Figueres. On 21 January 1810, the day after his arrival at the castle, Álvarez was found dead in his ce... | 3.078125 | 0 |
7072022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child%20and%20Youth%20Care | Child and Youth Care | This springs from what used to be known as children's homes or children's institutions which in turn used to part of a city's "charitable" work for children and families who had no access to professional services. Resources for this were always extremely limited and minimally staffed and the service could seldom see be... | 2.46875 | 0 |
7072037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal%20Scottish%20Pipe%20Band | Coastal Scottish Pipe Band | The Coastal Scottish Pipe Band, also known simply as 'Coastals', is a grade 3 pipe band based in Perth, Western Australia. The band was formed in 1898, and along with the City of Melbourne Highland Pipe Band is one of the oldest pipe bands in Australia. Their many recent successes include winning the 2007 New Zealand P... | 2.203125 | 0 |
7072076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haish%20Memorial%20Library | Haish Memorial Library | The Haish Memorial Library (also known as the DeKalb Public Library) was designed by Chicago architects White and Weber (Charles E. White, Jr. and Bertram A. Weber) and built in the art deco style of the 1930s with funds left to the library by Jacob Haish in his 1928 will. The building was added to the National Regis... | 2.578125 | 0 |
7072080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20fashion | Alternative fashion | The use of subculture terminology in the 21st century to categorize or interpret dress style is often inaccurate, or at the least does not provide a complete picture of the individual being assessed by their 'look,' due to the constant evolution in the meaning, relevance and cohesion of certain subcultures and even the... | 2.75 | 0 |
7072080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20fashion | Alternative fashion | Commodification
Traditionally alternative clothing, shoes and accessories have been largely procured from independently owned businesses, such as the boutiques found in artistic districts of large urban centers. As some alternative fashion have become increasingly embraced by the mainstream, these types of small, speci... | 2.546875 | 0 |
7072080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20fashion | Alternative fashion | Controversies
Many forms of alternative fashion gain attention, and even notoriety, through their relationship to individuals or groups that are seen as socially undesirable – those involved in behavior considered criminal, deviant or anti-social – even though these types of behaviors may not be common among those invo... | 2.390625 | 0 |
7072080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20fashion | Alternative fashion | Influence
Mainstream culture, particularly retailers and the mass media, have often looked to alternative fashion for up and coming trends and, increasingly, as an easy way to market products to a niche group that may not be having its tastes supplied elsewhere. Some in subcultures view this as flattering and as a posi... | 2.34375 | 0 |
7072081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska%20Democratic%20Party | Nebraska Democratic Party | Democrats dominated Nebraska until 1860. In 1890, Democrat William Jennings Bryan ran for president three times but lost every time. The state has elected more Democrats to the governor seat and into Congress.
Nebraska passed a referendum in 1937 which gave it the country's only unicameral legislature known as the Neb... | 2.84375 | 0 |
7072081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska%20Democratic%20Party | Nebraska Democratic Party | Nebraska Democrats gained three seats in the 2018 election. Machaela Cavanaugh defeated Theresa Thibodeau, who was appointed by Governor Pete Ricketts and Steve Lathrop defeated incumbent GOP Sen. Merv Riepe. Wendy DeBoer defeated Matt Deaver who was supported by Gov. Ricketts. Sen. DeBoer's replaced Sen. Bob Krist's ... | 1.914063 | 0 |
7072152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build%20automation | Build automation | Build automation is the practice of building software systems in a relatively unattended fashion. The build is configured to run with minimized or no software developer interaction and without using a developer's personal computer. Build automation encompasses the act of configuring the build system as well the resulti... | 2.625 | 0 |
7072162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav%20Adolf%2C%20Cardinal%20Prince%20of%20Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst | Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst | Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst, (26 February 1823 – 30 October 1896) was a member of the Hohenlohe family of Germany, claiming descent from Eberhard, one of the early dukes of Franconia. He became a cardinal of the Catholic Church.
Biography
Hohenlohe was born in Rotenburg an der Fulda, in t... | 2.25 | 0 |
7072162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav%20Adolf%2C%20Cardinal%20Prince%20of%20Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst | Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst | Around 1850 Hohenlohe acquired the Villa d'Este in Tivoli and restored the dilapidated villa and the ruined and overgrown gardens. The Villa attracted artists. His portrait was apparently painted by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862-1947) during the two years he spent studying in Italy 1882-1884, a... | 1.96875 | 0 |
7072189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing%20arts%20in%20Louisville%2C%20Kentucky | Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky | The performing arts community in Louisville, Kentucky is undergoing a renaissance. The Kentucky Center, dedicated in 1983, located in the downtown hotel and entertainment district, is a premiere performing arts center. It features a variety of plays and concerts, and is the performance home of the Louisville Ballet, Lo... | 2.296875 | 0 |
7072224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callan%20Park%20Hospital%20for%20the%20Insane | Callan Park Hospital for the Insane | The Callan Park Hospital for the Insane (1878–1914) is a heritage-listed former insane asylum, which was subsequently, for a time, used as a college campus, located in the grounds of Callan Park, an area on the shores of Iron Cove in Lilyfield, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. In 1915, the facility was r... | 2.140625 | 0 |
7072224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callan%20Park%20Hospital%20for%20the%20Insane | Callan Park Hospital for the Insane | Harry Richard Bailey (1922–1985), psychiatrist, Harry enrolled in science at the University of Sydney in 1940. Lacking money, he did not finish the course and found work as a pharmacist's assistant. He studied medicine at the University of Sydney (MB, BS, 1951; DPM, 1954), winning the Norton Manning memorial prize for ... | 2.40625 | 0 |
7072224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callan%20Park%20Hospital%20for%20the%20Insane | Callan Park Hospital for the Insane | De-institutional care
The Kirkbride complex continued to be used for the housing and treatment of patients until 1994, when the last remaining services were transferred to other buildings in the Callan Park grounds, towards the Broughton Hall at the southern end of the site. Many patients were also transferred into bui... | 1.96875 | 0 |
7072224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callan%20Park%20Hospital%20for%20the%20Insane | Callan Park Hospital for the Insane | The house has two main front rooms (drawing room and dining room) accessed through sliding doors from a central hall, enabling the opening of both right up into a large single ballroom, similar to that of Government House (which Mortimer Lewis had implemented, overseeing the plans prepared by English architect, Edmund ... | 2.015625 | 0 |
7072327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Mitchell%20%28hairdresser%29 | Paul Mitchell (hairdresser) | Paul Mitchell (born Cyril Thomson Mitchell; January 27, 1936 – April 21, 1989) was a Scottish American hairstylist and co-founder of John Paul Mitchell Systems, a company that sells hair care products and, since 2000, also runs hairdressing schools.
Early life
Paul Mitchell was born in Carnwath in Scotland. His mother... | 2.015625 | 0 |
7072431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Malik | Charles Malik | Charles Habib Malik (; sometimes spelled Charles Habib Malek; 11 February 1906 – 28 December 1987) was a Lebanese academic, diplomat, philosopher, and politician. He served as the Lebanese representative to the United Nations, the President of the Commission on Human Rights and the United Nations General Assembly, a me... | 2.234375 | 0 |
7072431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Malik | Charles Malik | In the United Nations
Malik represented Lebanon at the San Francisco conference at which the United Nations was founded. He served as a rapporteur for the Commission on Human Rights in 1947 and 1948, when he became president of the Economic and Social Council. The same year, he became one of the eight representatives t... | 2.484375 | 0 |
7072431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Malik | Charles Malik | Malik was also noted as a theologian who successfully reached across confessional lines, appealing to his fellow Greek Orthodox Christians, Catholics, and Evangelicals alike. The author of numerous commentaries on the Bible and on the writings of the early Church Fathers, Malik was one of the few Orthodox theologians o... | 2.078125 | 0 |
7072487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Burns%20%28Australian%20shipowner%29 | James Burns (Australian shipowner) | Sir James Burns KCMG (10 February 184622 August 1923) was a noted businessman, shipowner and philanthropist in Australia. In particular, he is known as the co-founder of Burns Philp and Company, a shipping and trading company, and for establishing the Burnside Presbyterian Homes for Children in North Parramatta (now kn... | 2.0625 | 0 |
7072487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Burns%20%28Australian%20shipowner%29 | James Burns (Australian shipowner) | In addition to establishing Burns Philp, his business interests include serving as chairman of the (North) Queensland Insurance Co. Ltd in 1886–1923, the New South Wales Mortgage, Land, and Agency Co. and the Solomon Islands Development Co. Ltd. He was also a director of the Australian Mutual Provident Society, the Syd... | 1.992188 | 0 |
7072487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Burns%20%28Australian%20shipowner%29 | James Burns (Australian shipowner) | From the 1880s, Burns was based at a property known as Gowan Brae, north of Parramatta. He retired from government and business activities due to ill health in 1908, and lived at Gowan Brae from that time on. Shortly afterwards, he approached the Presbyterian Church of Australia, suggesting that they establish a Presby... | 1.921875 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
The need for advancing (or retarding) the timing of the spark is because fuel does not... | 2.765625 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | There are many factors that influence proper ignition timing for a given engine. These include the timing of the intake valve(s) or fuel injector(s), the type of ignition system used, the type and condition of the spark plugs, the contents and impurities of the fuel, fuel temperature and pressure, engine speed and load... | 2.46875 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | "Timing advance" refers to the number of degrees before top dead center (BTDC) that the sparkplug will fire to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber before the end of the compression stroke. Retarded timing can be defined as changing the timing so that fuel ignition happens later than the manufacturer's... | 2.515625 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | The ignition timing will need to become increasingly advanced (relative to TDC) as the engine speed increases so that the air-fuel mixture has the correct amount of time to fully burn. As the engine speed (RPM) increases, the time available to burn the mixture decreases but the burning itself proceeds at the same speed... | 2.390625 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | Using a knock sensor to find the correct timing is one method used to tune an engine. In this method, the timing is advanced until knock occurs. The timing is then retarded one or two degrees and set there. This method is inferior to tuning with a dynamometer since it often leads to ignition timing which is excessively... | 2.21875 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | Mechanical ignition systems
Mechanical ignition systems use a mechanical spark distributor to distribute a high voltage current to the correct spark plug at the correct time. In order to set an initial timing advance or timing retard for an engine, the engine is allowed to idle and the distributor is adjusted to achiev... | 2.453125 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | Vacuum timing advance
The second method used to advance (or retard) the ignition timing is called vacuum timing advance. This method is almost always used in addition to mechanical timing advance. It generally increases fuel economy and driveability, particularly at lean mixtures. It also increases engine life through ... | 1.953125 | 0 |
7072506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition%20timing | Ignition timing | On some vehicles, a temperature sensing switch will apply manifold vacuum to the vacuum advance system when the engine is hot or cold, and ported vacuum at normal operating temperature. This is a version of emissions control; the ported vacuum allowed carburetor adjustments for a leaner idle mixture. At high engine tem... | 2.4375 | 0 |
7072543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Athens | William II, Duke of Athens | William II (1312 – 22 August 1338) was the third son of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. He inherited the Duchy of Athens after the death of his elder brother Manfred on 9 November 1317.
During his minority, his Greek possessions were governed by his illegitimate elder brother Alfonso Frederick, who in 13... | 2.015625 | 0 |
7072682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29 | Mediation (statistics) | Confounding
Another model that is often tested is one in which competing variables in the model are alternative potential mediators or an unmeasured cause of the dependent variable. An additional variable in a causal model may obscure or confound the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Potenti... | 2.5 | 0 |
7072682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29 | Mediation (statistics) | Moderators
Other important third variables are moderators. Moderators are variables that can make the relationship between two variables either stronger or weaker. Such variables further characterize interactions in regression by affecting the direction and/or strength of the relationship between X and Y. A moderating ... | 2.765625 | 0 |
7072682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29 | Mediation (statistics) | In the first model the independent variable also moderates the relationship between the mediator and the dependent variable.
The second possible model of moderated mediation involves a new variable which moderates the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator (the A path).
The third model of mode... | 2.203125 | 0 |
7072682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29 | Mediation (statistics) | In order to establish mediated moderation, one must first establish moderation, meaning that the direction and/or the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (path C) differs depending on the level of a third variable (the moderator variable). Researchers next look for the presence ... | 2.765625 | 0 |
7072682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29 | Mediation (statistics) | The researchers next looked for the presence of a mediated moderation effect. Regression analyses revealed that the type of prime (morality vs. might) mediated the moderating relationship of participants’ social value orientation on PDG behaviour. Prosocial participants who experienced the morality prime expected their... | 1.914063 | 0 |
7072770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYC%20Bird%20Alliance | NYC Bird Alliance | NYC Bird Alliance (formerly New York City Audubon) is an American non-profit environmental organization incorporated in 1979. The group undertakes a variety of activities to protect wild birds and their habitats in New York City. With nearly 10,000 members, it is one of the largest organizations in the Audubon movement... | 2.6875 | 0 |
7072770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYC%20Bird%20Alliance | NYC Bird Alliance | Project Safe Flight
Each year, tens of thousands of birds are killed in North America by flying into windows. In 1997 NYC Bird Alliance launched Project Safe Flight, modeled after Toronto’s Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP), to work toward long-term solutions for the bird collision problem. From the program's incept... | 2.6875 | 0 |
7072770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYC%20Bird%20Alliance | NYC Bird Alliance | Each season, over 150 volunteers are involved in the monitoring effort spanning 51 buildings in all 5 boroughs. Volunteers often wake up before sunrise to monitor their assigned routes for collision victims, bringing injured birds to the Wild Bird Fund for rehabilitation and deceased birds to the NYC Bird Alliance head... | 2.40625 | 0 |
7072832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem%20Downtown%20Historic%20District%20%28Salem%2C%20Indiana%29 | Salem Downtown Historic District (Salem, Indiana) | The Salem Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Salem, Washington County, Indiana. The original plat of the town, founded in 1814, is within the district. It is bounded by Mulberry and Hackberry Street in the north, Hayes Street in the east, the CSX railroad tracks in the south, and Br... | 2.328125 | 0 |
7072845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernell%20Brown%20Jr. | Vernell Brown Jr. | Vernell Brown Jr. (August 13, 1971 – May 23, 2022) was a jazz and rhythm and blues pianist, composer, arranger.
Early life
Starting early in life opened a path to becoming a life-long musician; even as a child Vernell practiced frequently, was surrounded by other musicians, chose his own instruments, and began taking ... | 2.046875 | 0 |
7072872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20Higdon | Hal Higdon | Hal Higdon (born June 17, 1931) is an American writer and runner known for his training plans. He is the author of 34 books, including the best-selling Marathon: The Ultimate Training Guide. He has worked as a freelance writer since 1959, and has written a variety of subjects including a children's book that was made i... | 2.421875 | 0 |
7072872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20Higdon | Hal Higdon | Higdon has worked as a freelance writer since 1959, covering various subjects including politics for the New York Times Magazine, science for National Geographic, business for Playboy and aviation for Air & Space Smithsonian. In 1963, Sports Illustrated published his article "On the Run from Dogs and People", which was... | 2.171875 | 0 |
7072883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%E2%80%93Colombia%20Free%20Trade%20Agreement | United States–Colombia Free Trade Agreement | Colombia is the 28th largest U.S. export market ($5.41 billion in 2005) and the 31st largest source of U.S. imports ($8.85 billion in 2005). The dominant U.S. import item from Colombia is crude oil (38% of U.S. imports from Colombia in 2005), followed by coal, other petroleum oils, precious and semi-precious stones, co... | 2.078125 | 0 |
7072883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%E2%80%93Colombia%20Free%20Trade%20Agreement | United States–Colombia Free Trade Agreement | U.S. imports from Colombia have increased notably since 1996, from $4.27 billion in 1996 to $8.85 billion in 2005, a 107% increase. The U.S. trade deficit with Colombia was $3.43 billion in 2005. Since late 2006, U.S. products have been charged more than $3.4 billion in Colombian tariffs and duties that otherwise woul... | 2.171875 | 0 |
7072883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%E2%80%93Colombia%20Free%20Trade%20Agreement | United States–Colombia Free Trade Agreement | In agriculture, the agreement would grant duty-free treatment immediately to certain farm products from both countries, including high quality beef, cotton, wheat, and soybean meal. Other products that would receive immediate duty-free treatment are key fruits and vegetables, including apples, pears, peaches, and cherr... | 2.078125 | 0 |
7072926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard%20Straight%20Hall | Willard Straight Hall | Opening
Willard Straight Hall opened in November 1925, following 20 months of construction at a cost of $1.5 million to construct, and $100,000 to furnish. 4,800 people streamed into the building to see it on opening day, and 3,000 more on the following day. Access to the building was by membership only. All undergradu... | 2.296875 | 0 |
7072926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard%20Straight%20Hall | Willard Straight Hall | During much of that day and into the evening, the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), led by C. David Burak, organized continuous, supportive picketing in front of the Hall's main entrance, consisting of a circle of about 50 marchers at a time. Late that evening, the picketing was replaced by having a limited nu... | 2.25 | 0 |
7072977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20United%20Front | Western United Front | Western United Front (WUF) was an ethnically Fijian political party formed prior to the 1982 elections and contested the election in coalition with the National Federation Party (NFP-WUF Coalition).
The party was in response to the disenfranchisement of indigenous peoples in the Western Provinces of Viti Levu as despit... | 2.09375 | 0 |
7073017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom%20Shabazi | Shalom Shabazi | Shalom Shabazi (1619 – c. 1720) was the son of Yosef ben Avigad, of the family of Mashtā, also commonly known as Abba Sholem Shabazi or Saalem al-Shabazi (; ). He was a Jewish rabbi and poet who lived in 17th century Yemen, often referred to as the arch-poet of Yemen.
Life and works
Shabazi was born in 1619 in the to... | 2.265625 | 0 |
7073017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom%20Shabazi | Shalom Shabazi | In Shabazi's Diwan there can be found many long eschatological poems, numbered at several dozen, and which open with the words, Baraq burayq, or with compounds that are similar to them, said to be a sign of some supernatural occurrence, as one of the signs heralding the coming of the Messiah. The founder of these genre... | 2.578125 | 0 |
7073041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denker%20Tournament%20of%20High%20School%20Champions | Denker Tournament of High School Champions | The Denker Tournament of High School Champions is a chess tournament that occurs annually in the United States alongside the US Open, the Dewain Barber National Tournament of Middle School State Champions, the Ruth Haring National Girls Tournament of Champions (RHNGTOC), and the John D. Rockefeller III National Tournam... | 2.53125 | 0 |
7073046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McKay%20%28fur%20trader%29 | James McKay (fur trader) | James McKay (1828 – December 2, 1879) was a fur trader, pioneer, and pre-Canadian confederation politician and interpreter.
Early life
James McKay was born in 1828 at the Hudson's Bay Company's Edmonton House, the son of James Charles (b. 1797, Scotland) and Marguerite Gladu (b. 1809, Métis, Cumberland House). He was ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
7073046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McKay%20%28fur%20trader%29 | James McKay (fur trader) | Northwest Territories Council
James McKay was appointed as a member of the Temporary North-West Council along with Pierre Delorme and Joseph Royal in 1873. These appointments were made in response to demand by the Métis, who wanted representation in the government. While he was on the council, he worked on dealing with... | 2.65625 | 0 |
7073056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Seale | Patrick Seale | Patrick Abram Seale (7 May 1930 – 11 April 2014) was a British journalist and author who specialised in the Middle East. A former correspondent for The Observer, he interviewed many Middle Eastern leaders and personalities. Seale was also a literary agent and art dealer.
Background
Patrick Abram Seale was a Belfast-bo... | 1.90625 | 0 |
7073059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Postyshev | Pavel Postyshev | In Moscow, he was part of the inner leadership, despite not being a member of the Politburo. The chairman of the Russian federal government, Sergey Syrtsov, complained in November 1930 that "everything is decided behind the back of the Politburo by a tiny group", which, he said, included Postyshev, while nominally more... | 2.203125 | 0 |
7073059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Postyshev | Pavel Postyshev | This was the start of a purge of such "nests of nationalist counter-revolutionaries" targeting the commissariats of education, agriculture, and legal workers, not to mention newspapers, journals, encyclopedias and film studios, during which over 15,000 officials were eliminated on charges of "nationalism", and thousand... | 2.03125 | 0 |
7073120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20criticality%20safety | Nuclear criticality safety | The parameters affecting the criticality of the system may be remembered using the mnemonic MAGICMERV. Some these parameters are not independent from one another; for example, changing mass will result in a change of volume, among others.
Mass: The probability of fission increases as the total number of fissile nuclei... | 2.359375 | 0 |
7073120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20criticality%20safety | Nuclear criticality safety | Moderation: Neutrons resulting from fission are typically fast (high energy). These fast neutrons do not cause fission as readily as slower (less energetic) ones. Neutrons are slowed down (moderated) by collision with atomic nuclei. The most effective moderating nuclei are hydrogen, deuterium, beryllium and carbon. Hen... | 3.03125 | 0 |
7073120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20criticality%20safety | Nuclear criticality safety | The analyst describes the geometry of the system and the materials, usually with conservative or pessimistic assumptions. The density and size of any neutron absorbers is minimised while the amount of fissile material is maximised. As some moderators are also absorbers, the analyst must be careful when modelling these ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
7073128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek%20destroyer%20Sfendoni%20%281907%29 | Greek destroyer Sfendoni (1907) | Sfendoni (Greek: Α/Τ Σφενδόνη, "Sling") was a Thyella class destroyer that served in the Royal Hellenic Navy (1907-1945). It was the second ship of that name in the Hellenic Navy, but the first destroyer-type vessel bearing the name.
The ship, along with her three sister ships, was ordered from Britain in 1905 and was... | 1.992188 | 0 |
7073159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20Services%20Academy | Civil Services Academy | As a consequence the Civil Services Academy and Finance Services Academy (FSA) were merged. This Financial Services Academy was set up by the Government of Pakistan in mid 1950s for the training of new entrants of various Financial Services such as Pakistan Taxation Services (PTS), Pakistan Customs and Excise Services ... | 2.21875 | 0 |
7073286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20Church%20School | Christ Church School | Christ Church School is a private coeducational prep school located in Mumbai, India. It is a Christian school, founded in 1815, under the auspices of the Bombay Education Society. It has close to 3800 students, all of whom are night scholars. The school is twinned with Barnes School, in Deolali, Nashik. Both schools f... | 2.25 | 0 |
7073333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coviello | Coviello | Coviello () is a minor character in the commedia dell'arte. He falls into the category of the Zanni. His name is a double diminutive of the name ('Jacob' or 'James'). In English, he might be called 'Jimmy' or 'Jackie'.
The character dates back to at least the 16th century. He was typically from the southern part of I... | 2.0625 | 0 |
7073360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20King | Camp King | After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the British convened a war crimes trial due to the allegations of ill treatment of British Prisoners of War at the facility. The hearing, known as the "Dulag Luft Trial", was convened in Wuppertal, Germany, beginning on November 26, 1945. Four officers were charged: Killenger, Junge, ... | 2.53125 | 0 |
7073360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20King | Camp King | The book The History of Camp King lists the following people:
Karl Brandt, Hitler’s personal surgeon and in charge of sanitation.
Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, Commander of the German navy.
Hans Frank, Reich Minister, Governor-General of occupied Poland.
Reich Marshal Hermann Göring, Chief of the German Air Force. A... | 2.46875 | 0 |
7073361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Pearlman | Richard Pearlman | From 1976 to 1995, Pearlman served as director of the Eastman Opera Theatre at University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music where he trained many important singers including Renée Fleming. His staging of Conrad Susa's chamber opera, "Transformations," produced in Carmel Valley, California in 1977, featured Eastman... | 2.03125 | 0 |
7073394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth%20College%20publications | Dartmouth College publications | The Dartmouth Literary Monthly
The Dartmouth Literary Monthly was a monthly literary magazine run by students. The first issue was September, 1886. It was published monthly during the school year by a board of editors from the junior and senior classes of Dartmouth College. The magazine is no longer operating.
Dartmou... | 2.703125 | 0 |
7073432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Aladdin | The New Aladdin | The New Aladdin is an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts by James T. Tanner and W. H. Risque, with music by Ivan Caryll, Lionel Monckton, and additional numbers by Frank E. Tours, and lyrics by Adrian Ross, Percy Greenbank, W. H. Risque, and George Grossmith, Jr. It was produced by George Edwardes at the Gaiety Thea... | 2.453125 | 0 |
7073440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Alarc%C3%B3n | Daniel Alarcón | Daniel Alarcón (born March 5, 1977, in Lima, Peru) is a Peruvian-American novelist, journalist and radio producer. He is co-founder, host and executive producer of Radio Ambulante, an award-winning Spanish language podcast distributed by NPR. Currently, he is an assistant professor of broadcast journalism at the Columb... | 1.921875 | 0 |
7073476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland%20in%20the%20American%20Civil%20War | Cleveland in the American Civil War | Cleveland, Ohio, was an important Northern city during the American Civil War. It provided thousands of troops to the Union Army, as well as millions of dollars in supplies, equipment, food, and support to the soldiers. The city was also an important national center for the abolitionist movement.
Public sentiments
St... | 2.71875 | 0 |
7073488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityscape%20of%20Cincinnati | Cityscape of Cincinnati | Cincinnatians place great value on the riverfront for its entertainment and economic benefits. The riverfront is home to both Paycor Stadium home of the Cincinnati Bengals, and to Great American Ball Park home of the Cincinnati Reds, as well as to the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. "The Banks", a sit... | 2.234375 | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.