id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 381 | title stringlengths 1 211 | text stringlengths 1.02k 2.05k | edu_quality float64 1.91 4.03 | naive_quality int64 0 0 |
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311852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punisher | Punisher | Fictional character biography
Frank Castiglione was born in Queens, New York City, although his family Anglicized their name to Castle after his birth. He studied for the priesthood, but quit because of his inability to forgive major sins. He enlisted in the Marine Corps and served in a foreign war, where he spent thre... | 2.0625 | 0 |
311855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorotation%20%28fixed-wing%20aircraft%29 | Autorotation (fixed-wing aircraft) | For fixed-wing aircraft, autorotation is the tendency of an aircraft in or near a stall to roll spontaneously to the right or left, leading to a spin (a state of continuous autorotation).
Details
When the angle of attack is less than the stalling angle, any increase in angle of attack causes an increase in lift coeff... | 2.703125 | 0 |
311862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20CD | Sonic CD | , simply known as Sonic CD, is a 1993 platform game developed and published by Sega for the Sega CD. As Sonic the Hedgehog, the player attempts to protect an extraterrestrial body, Little Planet, from Doctor Robotnik. Like other Sonic games, Sonic runs through themed levels while collecting rings and defeating robots. ... | 2.546875 | 0 |
311862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20CD | Sonic CD | Development
Background and conception
The original Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) was developed by Sonic Team at Sega. It was a major commercial success and positioned Sega as Nintendo's main rival in the console market. The lead programmer, Yuji Naka, dissatisfied with Sega of Japan's rigid corporate policies, moved with... | 2.671875 | 0 |
311862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20CD | Sonic CD | Sonic CD marks the debuts of Amy Rose and Metal Sonic, both designed by Hoshino. Although Hoshino created Amy's in-game graphics, many staff members contributed ideas to her design. Her headband and trainer shoes reflected Ohshima's tastes while her mannerisms reflected the traits Hoshino looked for in women at the tim... | 2.21875 | 0 |
311872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%20Woodman | Marion Woodman | Marion Jean Woodman (née Boa; August 15, 1928 – July 9, 2018) was a Canadian mythopoeic author, poet, analytical psychologist and women's movement figure. She wrote and spoke extensively about the dream theories of Carl Jung. Her works include Addiction to Perfection, The Pregnant Virgin and Bone: Dying into Life.
Ear... | 1.945313 | 0 |
311887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe | Prudhoe | Prudhoe ( ) is a town and civil parish in the south of Northumberland, England. It is west of Newcastle upon Tyne and situated on a steep, north-facing hill on the south bank of the River Tyne. Prudhoe had a population of 11,675 at the 2011 census, making it the second largest town in the Tyne Valley after Hexham.
Ne... | 2.21875 | 0 |
311887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe | Prudhoe | Prudhoe has one large factory operated by Essity. Originally built by Kimberly-Clark, the mill was bought by SCA after the Monopolies Commission forced Kimberly-Clark to sell. The factory consists of the mill, housing the paper machines, converting lines, warehousing and Unifibres and makes paper products such as tissu... | 2.46875 | 0 |
311887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe | Prudhoe | Prudhoe Hall (built 1868–70) and the Catholic Church of Our Lady and St Cuthbert in Prudhoe (built 1890–91, but incorporating the Cottier windows from an earlier smaller chapel built 1868–70) have some of Daniel Cottier's earliest stained glass. Matthew Liddell presumably commissioned Cottier to design the stained glas... | 2.03125 | 0 |
311888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornea | Cornea | The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres... | 3.015625 | 0 |
311888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornea | Cornea | Transparency
Upon death or removal of an eye the cornea absorbs the aqueous humor, thickens, and becomes hazy. Transparency can be restored by putting it in a warm, well-ventilated chamber at 31 °C (88 °F, the normal temperature), allowing the fluid to leave the cornea and become transparent. The cornea takes in fluid... | 2.625 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, or suicide disease, is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It is a form of neuropathic pain. The... | 2.359375 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | It is estimated that trigeminal neuralgia affects around 0.03% to 0.3% of people around the world with a female over-representation around a 3:1 ratio between women and men. It usually begins in people over 50 years old, but can occur at any age. The condition was first described in detail in 1773 by John Fothergill.
... | 2.609375 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Bilateral (occurring on both sides) trigeminal neuralgia is very rare except for trigeminal neuralgia caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). This normally indicates problems with both trigeminal nerves, since one nerve serves the left side of the face and the other serves the right side. Occasional reports of bilateral tri... | 2.171875 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Trigeminal deafferentation pain (TDP), also termed anesthesia dolorosa, or colloquially as phantom face pain, is from unintentional damage to a trigeminal nerve following attempts to fix a nerve problem surgically. This pain is usually constant with a burning sensation and numbness. TDP is very difficult to treat as fu... | 2.28125 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Short-term peripheral compression is often painless. Persistent compression results in local demyelination with no loss of axon potential continuity. Chronic nerve entrapment results in demyelination primarily, with progressive axonal degeneration subsequently. It is, "therefore widely accepted that trigeminal neuralgi... | 2.140625 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can present similarly to TN, and differentiating between these conditions can be difficult. Even suspected TN patients who experience brief attacks of sharp pain have had their symptoms resolve after being treated for TMD. TMD pain can also be triggered by movements of the tongue or fac... | 2.03125 | 0 |
311890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | Surgical
Microvascular decompression provides freedom from pain in about 75% of patients presenting with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia. While there may be pain relief after surgery, there is also a risk of adverse effects, such as facial numbness. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermorhizotomy may also be effective ... | 1.929688 | 0 |
311891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20E.%20Boeing | William E. Boeing | Career
Boeing moved to Hoquiam, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest. He prospered in the business due to a nationwide construction boom. He was successful in the venture, in part by shipping lumber to the East Coast via the then-new Panama Canal, generating funds that he would later apply to a very different business... | 2.5625 | 0 |
311897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Instinctive%20Travels%20and%20the%20Paths%20of%20Rhythm | People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm | Several years prior to recording People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm, group member Q-Tip created much of the album's production on pause tapes when he was in the 10th grade. He would have his first studio experience while recording with Jungle Brothers on their debut album Straight out the Jungle (1988... | 2.03125 | 0 |
311899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley%20Quinn | Harley Quinn | Harley Quinn (Dr. Harleen Frances Quinzel, PhD) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She was created by Paul Dini and Bruce Timm for Batman: The Animated Series as a henchwoman for the Joker, and debuted in its 22nd episode, "Joker's Favor", on September 11, 1992. While int... | 1.921875 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | The Penguin (Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character made his first appearance in Detective Comics #58 (December 1941) and was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger. The Penguin is one... | 1.945313 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | The character has been featured in various media adaptations, including feature films, television series, and video games. His live-action portrayals include Burgess Meredith in the 1960s Batman television series and its spin-off film, Danny DeVito in the film Batman Returns, Robin Lord Taylor in the television series ... | 2.5 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | Penguin later met Joker in prison. After escaping, Penguin and Joker competed against each other in robberies until they eventually cooperated. Their differences would be the advantage that Batman and Robin would use to apprehend them.
Penguin took the son of a criminal under his wing and started to teach him about cr... | 2.015625 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | On Penguin's birthday, he received mocking gifts from other criminals.
Penguin is paroled from prison again and was asked to release his birds as a sign of good will. Penguin proceeds to open up his umbrella company called Penguin Umbrellas Inc. where he even fooled Batman into endorsing his products, which contained ... | 2.484375 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | Penguin stole an early warning system that the Pentagon developed. He planned to sell it to some Russian spies. Batman tracked Penguin down to Antarctica and defeated him.
In "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Penguin is among the superheroes and supervillains gathered by Alexander Luthor Jr. and Harbinger to battle the Ant... | 2.0625 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | Skills and abilities
The Penguin is a master criminal who aspires to be wealthy, powerful and respected (or at least feared) by Gotham's high society. The Penguin's wealth gives him access to better resources than most other Batman villains, and he is able to mix with Gotham's elite, especially those he plans to target... | 1.992188 | 0 |
311905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin%20%28character%29 | Penguin (character) | Relationships
The idea of the Penguin and the Joker as a team is one that is decades old, as the two villains, pop-culture wise, are arguably Batman's two most famous enemies. Their first team-up took place fairly early in Batman's career, in "Knights of Knavery". Since then, the two have teamed up countless times thro... | 1.90625 | 0 |
311906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pome | Pome | In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pome fruits consist of a central "core" containing multiple small seeds, which is enveloped by a tough membrane and surrounded by an edible layer of flesh. Pome fruit trees are deciduous, and undergo a dorm... | 3.109375 | 0 |
311909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-inch/50-caliber%20Mark%207%20gun | 16-inch/50-caliber Mark 7 gun | The turrets were described as "three-gun" rather than "triple" because each barrel could be elevated independently. The ships could fire any combination of their guns, up to a broadside of all nine. The turret interiors were subdivided and designed to permit the independent loading, elevation and firing of each gun. Ea... | 2.75 | 0 |
311909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-inch/50-caliber%20Mark%207%20gun | 16-inch/50-caliber Mark 7 gun | The 16"/50 caliber's advanced fire control was designed to allow it to fire accurately at its maximum range, which exceeded any opposing ship's effective firing range. However, this proved not to be possible. The US soon learned that projectile dispersion was not something fire control, no matter how advanced, could so... | 2.5625 | 0 |
311910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate%20Project | Stargate Project | The Stargate Project was a secret U.S. Army unit established in 1977 at Fort Meade, Maryland, by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and SRI International (a California contractor) to investigate the potential for psychic phenomena in military and domestic intelligence applications. The project, and its precursors an... | 2.078125 | 0 |
311913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita%20pepo | Cucurbita pepo | Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus Cucurbita. It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo, called summer squash.
It has been domesticated in the Americas for thousands of years. Some authors maintain that C. pepo... | 2.75 | 0 |
311913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita%20pepo | Cucurbita pepo | Before the arrival of Europeans, C. pepo, along with C. moschata, had been carried over all parts of North America where they could be grown. The ancient territory of C. pepo extended north into Texas and up the Greater Mississippi River Valley into Illinois and east to Florida, and possibly even to Maine. It is one of... | 2.671875 | 0 |
311913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita%20pepo | Cucurbita pepo | Based on genetic allele analysis, two distinct groups occur within domesticated C. pepo: pumpkin, calabaza, criolla, and marrow squash are in one; and ornamental gourds, crookneck, acorn, scallop, and a few others in the second one. C. pepo subsp. fraterna is genetically closer to the first group and C. pepo subsp. tex... | 2.78125 | 0 |
311916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge%20eating | Binge eating | Furthermore, patients who binge eat may also engage in other self-destructing behaviours like suicide attempts, drug use, shop-lifting, and drinking too much alcohol. The onset of binge eating without dieting is linked to a higher risk of mental health issues and a younger age of onset. BED patients can experience como... | 2.546875 | 0 |
311916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge%20eating | Binge eating | Effects
Typically, the eating is done rapidly, and a person will feel emotionally numb and unable to stop eating. Most people who have eating binges try to hide this behavior from others, and often feel ashamed about being overweight or depressed about their overeating. Although people who do not have any eating disord... | 2.359375 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | The Mid-Autumn Festival (for other names, see § Etymology) is a harvest festival celebrated in Chinese culture. It is held on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar with a full moon at night, corresponding to mid-September to early October of the Gregorian calendar. On this day, the Chinese bel... | 3.078125 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | Origins and development
The Chinese have celebrated the harvest during the autumn full moon since the Shang dynasty (–1046 BCE). The term mid-autumn (中秋) first appeared in Rites of Zhou, a written collection of rituals of the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BCE). As for the royal court, it was dedicated to the goddess T... | 3.34375 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | Handbook of Chinese Mythology also describes an alternate common version of the myth:
After the hero Houyi shot down nine of the ten suns, he was pronounced king by the thankful people. However, he soon became a conceited and tyrannical ruler. In order to live long without death, he asked for the elixir from Xiwangmu. ... | 3.03125 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | Although typical mooncakes can be around a few centimetres in diameter, imperial chefs have made some as large as 8 meters in diameter, with its surface pressed with designs of Chang'e, cassia trees, or the Moon-Palace. One tradition is to pile 13 mooncakes on top of each other to mimic a pagoda, the number 13 being ch... | 3.125 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | There are also other traditions related to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong. Neighbourhoods across Hong Kong set impressive lantern exhibitions with traditional stage shows, game stalls, palm readings, and many other festive activities. The grandest celebrations take place in Victoria Park (Hong Kong). One of the b... | 2.78125 | 0 |
311934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn%20Festival | Mid-Autumn Festival | In its most traditional form, the evening commemorates the dragon who brings rain for the crops. Celebrants would observe the moon to divine the future of the people and the harvests. Eventually the celebration came to symbolize a reverence for fruitfulness, with prayers given for bountiful harvests, increase in livest... | 2.546875 | 0 |
311938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubbernecking | Rubbernecking | Rubbernecking is a derogatory term primarily used to refer to bystanders staring at accidents. More generally, it can refer to anyone staring at something of everyday interest compulsively (especially tourists). The term rubbernecking derives from the neck's appearance while trying to get a better view, that is, cranin... | 2.296875 | 0 |
311938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubbernecking | Rubbernecking | The term is often used to refer to the activity of motorists slowing down in order to see something on the other side of a road or highway, often the scene of a traffic accident. This is sometimes also called accident gawking. A study on the English M6 motorway found that 29% of accidents and breakdowns caused slowdown... | 2.4375 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | United States
According to anthropologist W. Lloyd Warner, the upper class in the United States during the 1930s was divided into the upper-upper and the lower-upper classes. The lower-upper were those who did not come from traditionally wealthy families. They earned their money from investments and business, rather th... | 3.015625 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | The Carter family of Corotoman, Shirley, Sabine Hall, Nomony Hall, Cleve and Carter's Grove, FFV, of Virginia is descended from Robert "King" Carter, of Lancaster County, who was a planter, businessman and colonist in Virginia and became one of the wealthiest men in the colonies accumulating over 300,000 acres of land... | 2.40625 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | The Harrisons of Berkley, FFV, of Virginia is an American political family, of the Commonwealth of Virginia, whose direct descendants include a Founding Father of the United States, Benjamin Harrison V, and three U. S. presidents: William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, and Abraham Lincoln. The Virginia Harrison fam... | 2.390625 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | The Van Everinghe van Watervliet family (eventually simplified and Anglicized to Van Every and Van Avery) were Dutch barons who first amassed a fortune as brewers, land owners, and high governmental officials in the old country in the mid-16th Century. Migrating to North America in the mid-17th Century they continued t... | 2.109375 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | Late Colonial
The Astor family made their fortune in the 18th century, through fur trading, real estate, the hotel industry, and other investments.
The Forbes family of Boston made their fortune in the shipping and later railroad industries as well as other investments. They have been a prominent wealthy family in th... | 2.53125 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | The Van Leer family of Pennsylvania made their fortune in the iron business. They have been prominent in academia, business, and American politics. Descendants include successful entrepreneurs, governors, congressmen, university presidents, and university founders.
The Whitney family is an American family notable for ... | 2.328125 | 0 |
311946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20money | Old money | Europe
The Rothschild family, as an example, established finance houses across Europe from the 18th century and was ennobled by the Habsburg emperor and Queen Victoria. Throughout the 19th century, they controlled the largest fortune in the world, in today's terms many hundreds of billions. The family has, at least to... | 2.734375 | 0 |
311951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20ornate%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island ornate day gecko | Reunion Island ornate day gecko or Manapany day gecko (Phelsuma inexpectata) is a critically endangered diurnal species of gecko. It occurs only on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, typically inhabits trees, and feeds on insects and nectar.
Description
This lizard is one of the smallest day geckos. It can re... | 2.53125 | 0 |
311969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian%20spoonbill | Eurasian spoonbill | This species is almost unmistakable in most of its range. The breeding bird is all white except for its dark legs, black bill with a yellow tip, and a yellow breast patch like a pelican. It has a crest in the breeding season. Non-breeders lack the crest and breast patch, and immature birds have a pale bill and black ti... | 3.25 | 0 |
311969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian%20spoonbill | Eurasian spoonbill | Eurasian spoonbills show a preference for extensive, shallow wetlands with muddy clay or fine, sandy beds. They may inhabit any type of marsh, river, lake, floodplain or mangrove swamp, be it fresh, brackish or saline water. They are especially attracted to locations with undisturbed islands for nesting and habitats wi... | 3.359375 | 0 |
311969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian%20spoonbill | Eurasian spoonbill | Conservation
Overall, the Eurasian spoonbill is not threatened and the total global population was estimated at 63–65,000 mature birds in 2015. In Europe, the population experienced a significant decrease between 1960 and 1990, but since then it has been increasing and was estimated to number 29,000 mature birds in 20... | 3.109375 | 0 |
311973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairos | Kairos | Kairos () is an ancient Greek word meaning 'the right or critical moment'. In modern Greek, kairos also means 'weather' or 'time'.
It is one of two words that the ancient Greeks had for 'time'; the other being (). Whereas the latter refers to chronological or sequential time, kairos signifies a good or proper time fo... | 2.90625 | 0 |
311973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairos | Kairos | In rhetoric, kairos is "a passing instant when an opening appears which must be driven through with force if success is to be achieved." Kairos, then, means that one must find the best situation, taking timing into consideration, to act.
Kairos was central to the Sophists, who stressed the rhetor's ability to adapt to... | 2.53125 | 0 |
311973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairos | Kairos | In Ancient Greece, kairos was utilized by both of the two main schools of thought in the field of rhetoric, focusing specifically on how kairos applies to speeches. The competing schools were those of the Sophists and their opposition, led by philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato. Sophism approached rhetoric as an a... | 2.6875 | 0 |
311973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairos | Kairos | Modern rhetorical definition
Aaron Hess (2011) submits a definition of kairos for the present day that bridges the two classical applications: Hess addresses Poulakos' view that, "In short, kairos dictates that what is said, must be said at the right time." He also suggests that in addition to timeliness, kairos consid... | 2.28125 | 0 |
311973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairos | Kairos | Christian Lundberg and William Keith (2008) describe kairos in their rhetoric guide as the concept that "there is an exact right time to deliver a message if the audience is to be persuaded." Concepts such as relevance, recent events, and who the audience is play a role in determining the right moment to speak. Which h... | 2.53125 | 0 |
311982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20illumination | Divine illumination | According to divine illumination, the process of human thought needs to be aided by divine grace. It is the oldest and most influential alternative to naturalism in the theory of mind and epistemology. It was an important feature of ancient Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism, medieval philosophy, and the Illuminationist s... | 2.59375 | 0 |
311982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20illumination | Divine illumination | The doctrine was criticised by John Pecham and Roger Marston. Thomas Aquinas is often seen as a harsh critiс of this doctrine; but his position is more nuanced. As Robert Pasnau observes, "Thomas Aquinas is often thought of as the figure most responsible for putting an end to the theory of divine illumination. Although... | 1.960938 | 0 |
311982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20illumination | Divine illumination | On the other hand, Henry of Ghent defended a different version of the theory, which, according to Henry himself and to various scholars, would be closer to the Augustinian one. Henry argued against Aquinas that Aristotle's theory of abstraction is not enough to explain how we can acquire infallible knowledge of the tru... | 2 | 0 |
311991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Tunnel | Thames Tunnel | The Thames Tunnel is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in London, connecting Rotherhithe and Wapping. It measures wide by high and is long, running at a depth of below the river surface measured at high tide. It is the first tunnel known to have been constructed successfully underneath a navigable river. It was bui... | 2.625 | 0 |
311991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Tunnel | Thames Tunnel | The Anglo-French engineer Marc Brunel refused to accept this conclusion. In 1814 he proposed to Emperor Alexander I of Russia a plan to build a tunnel under the river Neva in St Petersburg. This scheme was turned down (a bridge was built instead) and Brunel continued to develop ideas for new methods of tunnelling.
Bru... | 2.703125 | 0 |
311991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Tunnel | Thames Tunnel | Starting in August 1835 the old rusted shield was dismantled and removed. By March 1836 the new shield, improved and heavier, was assembled in place and boring resumed.
In 1835, the Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi parodied the construction of the Thames Tunnel in lines 126–129 of the poem .
Impeded by further floods (2... | 2.46875 | 0 |
311991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Tunnel | Thames Tunnel | In 1991, the Thames Tunnel was designated as an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Institution of Civil Engineers.
In 1995 the tunnel was listed at Grade II* in recognition of its architectural importance.
Visiting
Nearby in Rotherhithe, Brunel's engi... | 2.203125 | 0 |
311996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography%20in%20Japan | Pornography in Japan | In the 20th century
In the late Taishō period and early Shōwa period, an artistic movement called Eroguronansensu, literally "erotic-grotesque-nonsense", occurred influenced by decadent works of Europe. Open sexual expressions were permitted in novels and manga but a strict control was applied on photographs and films.... | 2.3125 | 0 |
311998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-headed%20day%20gecko | Yellow-headed day gecko | The yellow-headed day gecko (Phelsuma klemmeri), also commonly called the cheerful day gecko, Klemmer's day gecko, and the neon day gecko, is a small diurnal species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. This endangered species is endemic to northwestern Madagascar and inhabits coastal forests (both dry and humi... | 2.84375 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | James Francis Byrnes ( ; May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American judge and politician from South Carolina. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. Congress and on the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as in the executive branch, most prominently as the 49th U.S. Secretary of State under President Harry S... | 2.171875 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Historian George E. Mowry called Byrnes "the most influential Southern member of Congress between John Calhoun and Lyndon Johnson". In the Senate, Byrnes supported the policies of his longtime friend, President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Byrnes championed the New Deal and sought federal investment in South Carolina water p... | 2.296875 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Early life and career
Byrnes was born at 538 King Street in Charleston, South Carolina, and was reared in Charleston. Byrnes's father, James Francis Byrnes, died shortly after Byrnes was born. His father was Catholic of English, Irish, Welsh and Scottish ancestry. He was descended from Sir John Stawell, Ralph Hopton, 1... | 2.15625 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | In 1910, he narrowly won the Democratic primary for US Representative from South Carolina's 2nd congressional district, which was then tantamount to election. He was formally elected in the general election, and was re-elected six times, serving from 1911 to 1925.
The platform Byrnes stood on for Congress had several ... | 2.4375 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | After his House term ended in 1925, Byrnes was out of office. He moved his law practice to Spartanburg, in the industrializing Piedmont region. Between his law practice and investment advice from friends such as Bernard Baruch, Byrnes became a wealthy man, but he never excluded himself from a return to politics. He cul... | 1.96875 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Since the colonial era, South Carolina's politicians had dreamed of an inland waterway system that would not only aid commerce but also control flooding. By the 1930s, Byrnes took up the cause for a massive dam-building project, Santee Cooper, that would not only accomplish those tasks but also electrify the entire sta... | 2.390625 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Byrnes despised his fellow South Carolina Senator "Cotton Ed" Smith, who strongly opposed the New Deal. He privately sought to help his friend Burnet R. Maybank, then the Mayor of Charleston, defeat Smith in the 1938 Senate primary. During the primary, however, Olin Johnston, who was limited to one term as governor, de... | 2.234375 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Byrnes left the Supreme Court to head Roosevelt's Office of Economic Stabilization, which dealt with the vitally-important issues of prices and taxes. How powerful the new office would become depended entirely on Byrnes's political skills, and Washington insiders soon reported that he was fully in charge. In May 1943,... | 2.03125 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Many expected that Byrnes would be the Democratic nominee in 1944 for vice president in Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1944 reelection campaign, replacing Henry A. Wallace, who was strongly felt by party officials to be too eccentric to replace an ailing president who would likely die before his next term ended. Roosevelt re... | 2.1875 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Byrnes served on an Interim committee making a recommendations on the use of the atomic bomb during and after the war. The committee, headed by War Secretary Henry L. Stimson, included Byrnes, Vannevar Bush, James Conant, Karl T. Compton, Under Secretary of the Navy Ralph Austin Bard, and Assistant Secretary of State W... | 1.992188 | 0 |
312007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Byrnes | James F. Byrnes | Byrnes was initially seen as a relative moderate on race issues. Recognizing that the South could not continue with its entrenched segregationist policies much longer but fearing that Congress would impose sweeping change upon the South, he opted for a course of change from within. To that end, he sought to fulfill at ... | 2.171875 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | If light of a fixed frequency in time/wavelength/color (as from a single-mode laser) is assumed, then, based on the engineering time convention, which assumes an time dependence in wave solutions at the angular frequency with where is a time period of the waves, the time-harmonic form of the optical field is given ... | 2.0625 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | Applications of Fourier optics principles
Fourier optics is used in the field of optical information processing, the staple of which is the classical 4F processor.
The Fourier transform properties of a lens provide numerous applications in optical signal processing such as spatial filtering, optical correlation and co... | 2.59375 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | and the sum of the two path lengths is f (1 + θ2/2 + 1 − θ2/2) = 2f; i.e., it is a constant value, independent of tilt angle, θ, for paraxial plane waves. Each paraxial plane wave component of the field in the front focal plane appears as a point spread function spot in the back focal plane, with an intensity and phase... | 2.5625 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | A lens is basically a low-pass plane wave filter (see Low-pass filter). Consider a "small" light source located on-axis in the object plane of the lens. It is assumed that the source is small enough that, by the far-field criterion, the lens is in the far field of the "small" source. Then, the field radiated by the sma... | 1.90625 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | The 4F correlator is based on the convolution theorem from Fourier transform theory, which states that convolution in the spatial (x,y) domain is equivalent to direct multiplication in the spatial frequency (kx, ky) domain (aka: spectral domain). Once again, a plane wave is assumed incident from the left and a transpar... | 2.359375 | 0 |
312008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20optics | Fourier optics | Electrical fields can be represented mathematically in many different ways. In the Huygens–Fresnel or Stratton-Chu viewpoints, the electric field is represented as a superposition of point sources, each one of which gives rise to a Green's function field. The total field is then the weighted sum of all of the individua... | 1.929688 | 0 |
312015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20PC | Virtual PC | "Undo disks" make it possible to revert virtual machines' state to an earlier point by storing changes into a separate .vud file since the last save to the main .vhd file, which can be used for experimenting. The VHD file acts as a snapshot. The undo disk file (.vud) incrementally stores changes made by the virtual mac... | 2.015625 | 0 |
312015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20PC | Virtual PC | Windows XP Mode (XPM) is a virtual machine package for Windows Virtual PC containing a pre-installed, licensed copy of Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 3 as its guest OS. Previously, both the CPU and motherboard of the host had to support hardware virtualization, but an update in early 2010 eliminated this req... | 1.992188 | 0 |
312015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20PC | Virtual PC | Virtual machine integration components
Windows Virtual PC may enable guest operating systems running inside virtual machines to interact with their host operating system beyond what is feasible between two physical computers, such as sharing physical hardware components or exchanging data. To do so however, integratio... | 2.328125 | 0 |
312015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20PC | Virtual PC | In addition to features described above, guest operating systems may also take advantage of the following integration features but only when the administrator activates them:
Audio sharing: Audio played on the guest operating system may be brought to the host operating system and played on it.
Clipboard sharing: Cont... | 2.234375 | 0 |
312017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiji%20Toyoda | Eiji Toyoda | was a Japanese industrialist. He was largely responsible for bringing Toyota Motor Corporation to profitability and worldwide prominence during his tenure as president and later, as chairman. He was succeeded as the president of Toyota by Shoichiro Toyoda.
Career
Toyoda studied mechanical engineering at Tokyo Imperia... | 2.921875 | 0 |
312018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware | VMware | VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.
VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hy... | 2.15625 | 0 |
312018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware | VMware | VMware's products predate the virtualization extensions to the x86 instruction set, and do not require virtualization-enabled processors. On newer processors, the hypervisor is now designed to take advantage of the extensions. However, unlike many other hypervisors, VMware still supports older processors. In such cases... | 2.1875 | 0 |
312018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware | VMware | VMware vSAN (previously called VMware Virtual SAN) is software-defined storage that is embedded in VMware's ESXi hypervisor. The vSphere and vSAN software runs on industry-standard x86 servers to form a hyper-converged infrastructure (or HCI). However, network operators need to have servers from HCL (Hardware Compatibi... | 1.96875 | 0 |
312029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowrie | Cowrie | Ritual use
The Ojibwe aboriginal people in North America use cowrie shells which are called sacred miigis shells or whiteshells in Midewiwin ceremonies, and the Whiteshell Provincial Park in Manitoba, Canada is named after this type of shell. There is some debate about how the Ojibway traded for or found these shells, ... | 2.96875 | 0 |
312029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowrie | Cowrie | Cowrie shells are also worn as jewelry or otherwise used as ornaments or charms. In Mende culture, cowrie shells are viewed as symbols of womanhood, fertility, birth and wealth. Its underside is supposed, by one modern ethnographic author, to represent a vulva or an eye.
On the Fiji Islands, a shell of the golden cowr... | 2.796875 | 0 |
312030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital%20bone | Occipital bone | The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of the skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval ... | 3 | 0 |
312030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital%20bone | Occipital bone | From the inion, along the midline of the squamous part until the foramen magnum, runs a ridge – the external occipital crest (also called the medial nuchal line) and this gives attachment to the nuchal ligament.
Running across the outside of the occipital bone are three curved lines and one line (the medial line) that... | 2.71875 | 0 |
312030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital%20bone | Occipital bone | The foramen magnum () is a large oval foramen longest front to back; it is wider behind than in front where it is encroached upon by the occipital condyles. The clivus, a smooth bony section, travels upwards on the front surface of the foramen, and the median internal occipital crest travels behind it.
Through the for... | 2.421875 | 0 |
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