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313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | This proposition was based on the grounds that the names were synonyms published simultaneously, and, therefore, the ICZN Principle of the First Reviser should apply. In this instance, it led to the choice of P. macrocephalus over P. catodon, a view re-stated in Holthuis, 1987. This has been adopted by most subsequent ... | 2.671875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | There are occasional reports of individual sperm whales achieving even greater lengths, with some historical claims reaching or exceeding . One example is the whale that sank the Essex (one of the incidents behind Moby-Dick), which was claimed to be . However, there is disagreement as to the accuracy of some of these c... | 2.453125 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | The sperm whale's flukes (tail lobes) are triangular and very thick. Proportionally, they are larger than that of any other cetacean, and are very flexible. The whale lifts its flukes high out of the water as it begins a feeding dive. It has a series of ridges on the back's caudal third instead of a dorsal fin. The lar... | 2.734375 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | The sperm whale respiratory system has adapted to cope with drastic pressure changes when diving. The flexible ribcage allows lung collapse, reducing nitrogen intake, and metabolism can decrease to conserve oxygen. Between dives, the sperm whale surfaces to breathe for about eight minutes before diving again. Odontocet... | 3.0625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | The spermaceti organ is like a large barrel of spermaceti. Its surrounding wall, known as the case, is extremely tough and fibrous. The case can hold within it up to 1,900 litres of spermaceti. It is proportionately larger in males. This oil is a mixture of triglycerides and wax esters. It has been suggested that it is... | 2.515625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | The sperm whale's eye does not differ greatly from those of other toothed whales except in size. It is the largest among the toothed whales, weighing about 170 g. It is overall ellipsoid in shape, compressed along the visual axis, measuring about 7×7×3 cm. The cornea is elliptical and the lens is spherical. The scle... | 3.1875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Mechanism
When echolocating, the sperm whale emits a directionally focused beam of broadband clicks. Clicks are generated by forcing air through a pair of phonic lips (also known as "monkey lips" or "") at the front end of the nose, just below the blowhole. The sound then travels backwards along the length of the nose ... | 2.796875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Vocalization types
The sperm whale's vocalizations are all based on clicking, described in four types: the usual echolocation, creaks, codas, and slow clicks.
The usual echolocation click type is used in searching for prey. A creak is a rapid series of high-frequency clicks that sounds somewhat like a creaky door hing... | 3.046875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | While nonidentity codas are commonly used in multiple different clans, some codas express clan identity, and denote different patterns of travel, foraging, and socializing or avoidance among clans. In particular, whales will not group with whales of another clan even though they share the same geographical area. Statis... | 3.046875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | They are relatively abundant from the poles to the equator and are found in all the oceans. They inhabit the Mediterranean Sea, but not the Black Sea, while their presence in the Red Sea is uncertain. The shallow entrances to both the Black Sea and the Red Sea may account for their absence. The Black Sea's lower layers... | 2.75 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Grown males are known to enter surprisingly shallow bays to rest (whales will be in a state of rest during these occasions). Unique, coastal groups have been reported from various areas around the globe, such as near Scotland's coastal waters, and the Shiretoko Peninsula, off Kaikōura, in Davao Gulf. Such coastal group... | 3.046875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Sperm whales hunt through echolocation. Their clicks are among the most powerful sounds in the animal kingdom (see above). It has been hypothesised that it can stun prey with its clicks. Experimental studies attempting to duplicate this effect have been unable to replicate the supposed injuries, casting doubt on this ... | 2.984375 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Relations with other species
The most common natural predator of sperm whales is the orca (killer whale), but pilot whales and false killer whales sometimes harass them. Orcas prey on target groups of females with young, usually making an effort to extract and kill a calf. The females will protect their calves or an in... | 2.890625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | However, male sperm whales have been observed to attack and intimidate killer whale pods in competitive feeding instances. An incident was filmed from a long-line trawler: a killer whale pod was systematically taking fish caught on the trawler's long lines (as the lines were being pulled into the ship) when a male sper... | 2.640625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Fossil record
Although the fossil record is poor, several extinct genera have been assigned to the clade Physeteroidea, which includes the last common ancestor of the modern sperm whale, pygmy sperm whales, dwarf sperm whales, and extinct physeteroids. These fossils include Ferecetotherium, Idiorophus, Diaphorocetus, A... | 2.8125 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Fossil sperm whales differ from modern sperm whales in tooth count and the shape of the face and jaws. For example, Scaldicetus had a tapered rostrum. Genera from the Oligocene and early and middle Miocene, with the possible exception of Aulophyseter, had teeth in their upper jaws. Acrophyseter, from the late Miocene, ... | 3.0625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Prior to the early eighteenth century, hunting was mostly by indigenous Indonesians. Legend has it that sometime in the early 18th century, around 1712, Captain Christopher Hussey, while cruising for right whales near shore, was blown offshore by a northerly wind, where he encountered a sperm whale pod and killed one. ... | 2.78125 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | American sperm whaling soon spread from the east coast of the American colonies to the Gulf Stream, the Grand Banks, West Africa (1763), the Azores (1765), and the South Atlantic (1770s). From 1770 to 1775 Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island ports produced 45,000 barrels of sperm oil annually, compar... | 2.921875 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | The sperm whale's ivory-like teeth were often sought by 18th- and 19th-century whalers, who used them to produce inked carvings known as scrimshaw. 30 teeth of the sperm whale can be used for ivory. Each of these teeth, up to and across, are hollow for the first half of their length. Like walrus ivory, sperm whale iv... | 2.90625 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | It is estimated that the historic worldwide population numbered 1,100,000 before commercial sperm whaling began in the early 18th century. By 1880, it had declined by an estimated 29 percent. From that date until 1946, the population appears to have partially recovered as whaling activity decreased, but after the Secon... | 2.9375 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Since the 2000s , entanglement in fishing nets and collisions with ships represent the greatest threats to the sperm whale population. Other threats include ingestion of marine debris, ocean noise, and chemical pollution. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) regards the sperm whale as being "vulner... | 2.53125 | 0 |
313530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale | Sperm whale | Rope-mounted teeth are important cultural objects throughout the Pacific. In New Zealand, the Māori know them as "rei puta"; such whale tooth pendants were rare objects because sperm whales were not actively hunted in traditional Māori society. Whale ivory and bone were taken from beached whales. In Fiji the teeth are ... | 2.96875 | 0 |
313532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavily%20indebted%20poor%20countries | Heavily indebted poor countries | Criticism
Critics soon began to attack HIPC's scope and its structure. First, they criticized HIPC's definition of debt sustainability, arguing that the debt-to-export and debt-to-government-revenues criteria were arbitrary and too restrictive. As evidence, critics highlighted that, by 1999, only four countries had re... | 2.09375 | 0 |
313532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavily%20indebted%20poor%20countries | Heavily indebted poor countries | One of PRGF's goals is to ensure that impoverished nations re-channel the government funds freed from debt repayment into poverty-reduction programs. To that end, each country's PRGF program is modeled around a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). PRSPs describe the macroeconomic, structural, and social programs th... | 2.203125 | 0 |
313538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism | Nepotism | United Kingdom
The Marquess of Salisbury, who was Prime Minister for three separate occasions from 1885 to 1902 for a total of approximately 14 years, appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1887 and later as Prime Minister in 1902. This is supposedly the origin of the phrase "Bob's your ... | 1.960938 | 0 |
313540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon%20%28character%29 | Chameleon (character) | The Chameleon (Dmitri Smerdyakov; Russian: Дмитрий Смердяков) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, the character first appeared in the debut issue of The Amazing Spider-Man in March 1963 as the first super-criminal to face the... | 2.25 | 0 |
313540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon%20%28character%29 | Chameleon (character) | 2000s
Dmitri Smerdyakov appeared in the 2014 Original Sin: Secret Avengers Infinite Comic series. He later appeared in the 2015 Spider-Man and the X-Men series. He appeared in the 2018 Amazing Spider-Man series. He appeared in the 2021 Giant-Size Amazing Spider-Man: Chameleon Conspiracy one-shot.
Fictional character ... | 1.984375 | 0 |
313550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Welsh%20of%20Ayr | John Welsh of Ayr | John Welsh (–1622) was a Scottish Presbyterian leader. He was born in Dumfriesshire and attended the University of Edinburgh to obtain his MA in 1588. He became a minister in Selkirk and married Elizabeth Knox, a daughter of John and Margaret Knox, before leaving Selkirk. Welsh later ministered at Kirkcudbright and Ayr... | 2.265625 | 0 |
313550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Welsh%20of%20Ayr | John Welsh of Ayr | When Welsh arrived in France he immediately began to learn the French language, and within fourteen weeks he was able to preach in French. Shortly afterwards he became the pastors of the Protestant churches of Nerac, Jonsac, and eventually Saint-Jean-d'Angély in Saintonge, where he remained for sixteen years. The town ... | 2.78125 | 0 |
313552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Welsh%20of%20Irongray | John Welsh of Irongray | John Welsh was born, probably in 1624, son of Josias Welsh, minister at Templepatrick, County Antrim, grandson of John Welsh of Ayr, and great-grandson of John Knox. He graduated with an M.A. from Glasgow University in 1647, and was admitted to Irongray on the Cluden Water, Dumfrieshire, on 21 January 1653. At the inst... | 2.21875 | 0 |
313562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush%20Dan | Gush Dan | Gush Dan (, ) or Tel Aviv metropolitan area is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline. There is no single formal definition of Gush Dan, though the term is in frequent use by both governmental bodies and the general public. It ranges from combining Tel Aviv with cities that form an... | 2.546875 | 0 |
313563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28ethics%29 | Cognitivism (ethics) | Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences express propositions and can therefore be true or false (they are truth-apt), which noncognitivists deny. Cognitivism is so broad a thesis that it encompasses (among other views) moral realism (which claims that ethical sentences express propositions about min... | 2.640625 | 0 |
313563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28ethics%29 | Cognitivism (ethics) | Ethical cognitivists hold that ethical sentences do express propositions: that it can be true or false, for example, that Mary is a good person, or that stealing and lying are always wrong. Cognitivists believe that these sentences do not just express feelings, as though we were saying, "Hey!" or "Yay for Mary!"; they ... | 2.59375 | 0 |
313563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28ethics%29 | Cognitivism (ethics) | Cognitivism points to the semantic difference between imperative sentences and declarative sentences in normative subjects. Or to the different meanings and purposes of some superficially declarative sentences. For instance, if a teacher allows one of her students to go out by saying "You may go out", this sentence is ... | 2.640625 | 0 |
313565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28psychology%29 | Cognitivism (psychology) | In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s. The movement was a response to behaviorism, which cognitivists said neglected to explain cognition. Cognitive psychology derived its name from the Latin cognoscere, referring to knowing and information, t... | 2.828125 | 0 |
313565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28psychology%29 | Cognitivism (psychology) | Memory plays a vital role in the learning process. Information is stored within memory in an organised, meaningful manner. Here, teacher and designers play different roles in the learning process. Teachers supposedly facilitate learning and the organization of information in an optimal way. Whereas designers supposedly... | 3.140625 | 0 |
313565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28psychology%29 | Cognitivism (psychology) | A behaviorist uses feedback (reinforcement) to change the behavior in the desired direction, while the cognitivist uses the feedback for guiding and supporting the accurate mental connections.
For different reasons learners' task analyzers are critical to both cognitivists and behaviorists. Cognitivists look at the lea... | 2.96875 | 0 |
313565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28psychology%29 | Cognitivism (psychology) | In the 1990s, various new theories emerged that challenged cognitivism and the idea that thought was best described as computation. Some of these new approaches, often influenced by phenomenological and postmodern philosophy, include situated cognition, distributed cognition, dynamicism and embodied cognition. Some thi... | 2.046875 | 0 |
313566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Multi%20Access%20Reservations%20for%20Travel%20Agents | Scandinavian Multi Access Reservations for Travel Agents | SMART, Scandinavian Multi Access Reservations for Travel Agents, is a computerized system for ticket reservation.
History
It was created in 1979 by SAS, Braathens and Swedish State Railways. Many travel companies had computerized their systems at the time, and provided terminal interfaces for travel agencies. Each had... | 1.96875 | 0 |
313568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20Yam | Bat Yam | British Mandate
Bat Yam, originally Bayit VeGan ("House and Garden"), was founded in 1919 by the Bayit VeGan homeowners association, affiliated with the Mizrachi movement. The association was formed to establish a religious garden suburb in Jaffa. By March 1920, it had 400 members. In 1921, of land were purchased, of... | 2.46875 | 0 |
313568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20Yam | Bat Yam | The Defenders' Square
A monument in the memory of the defenders of the city who fell in battle. Located at the entrance to Bat Yam from Tel Aviv. In the War of Independence, there was a defense post in this place called "Hashdera" or "King George's Position" (the previous name of the Independence Boulevard).
HaSela (... | 2.4375 | 0 |
313568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20Yam | Bat Yam | In 2014, after the Bat Yam municipality petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court, Interior Minister Gideon Saar appointed a steering committee to explore the possibility of incorporating the city as part of Tel Aviv-Yafo as a way of reviving its stagnant economy. Later that year, when Gideon Sa’ar was replaced by Gilad Er... | 2.3125 | 0 |
313568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20Yam | Bat Yam | In 2008, the Weitzman-Albert Education Initiative headed by Jane Gershon, wife of fashion shoe designer Stuart Weitzman invested over $2 million in Bat Yam's Harel Elementary School, which received a top Education Ministry award for academic achievement and immigrant integration.
In 2017, the percentage of high school... | 2.65625 | 0 |
313568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20Yam | Bat Yam | The city has two shopping malls, Kanyon Bat Yam, which opened in 1993, and Kanyon Bat Yamon.
Archaeology
In September 2011, an iron anchor dating to the Byzantine period was discovered off the coast of Bat Yam. According to the Israel Antiquities Authority, it was likely that of a boat that sank in a storm about 1,70... | 2.1875 | 0 |
313591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermaceti | Spermaceti | Spermaceti is a waxy substance found in the head cavities of the sperm whale (and, in smaller quantities, in the oils of other whales). Spermaceti is created in the spermaceti organ inside the whale's head. This organ may contain as much as of spermaceti. It has been extracted by whalers since the 17th century for hu... | 2.453125 | 0 |
313591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermaceti | Spermaceti | Biological function
Currently, disagreement exists on what biological purpose or purposes spermaceti serves. The proportion of wax esters retained by an average (living) whale head appears to reflect buoyancy influenced by heat. Changes in density likely enhance echolocation. It might be used as a means of adjusting th... | 3.015625 | 0 |
313592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Albert%20Gobat | Charles Albert Gobat | Charles Albert Gobat (; 21 May 1843 – 16 March 1914) was a Swiss lawyer, educational administrator, and politician who jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize with Élie Ducommun in 1902 for their leadership of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.
Birth and education
Gobat was born on 21 May 1843 at Tramelan, Switz... | 2.421875 | 0 |
313592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Albert%20Gobat | Charles Albert Gobat | He also pursued a career in politics. He was elected to the Grand Council of Bern in 1882. From 1884 to 1890, he was a member of the Council of States of Switzerland and from 1890 until his death in 1914, he was a member of the National Council, the other chamber of the central Swiss legislative body. In both politics ... | 2.5625 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | Princess Beatrice was born on 14 April 1857 at Buckingham Palace, London. She was the fifth daughter and youngest of the nine children of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria, and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (later the Prince Consort). The birth caused controversy when it was announced t... | 2.421875 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | From birth, Beatrice became a favoured child. The elder favourite daughter of Prince Albert, the Princess Royal, was about to take up residence in Germany with her new husband, Frederick ("Fritz") of Prussia. At the same time, the newly arrived Beatrice showed promise. Albert wrote to Augusta, Fritz's mother, that "Bab... | 2.546875 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | In March 1861, Queen Victoria's mother Victoria, Duchess of Kent, died at Frogmore. The Queen broke down in grief and guilt over their estrangement at the beginning of her reign. Beatrice tried to console her mother by reminding her that the Duchess of Kent was "in heaven, but Beatrice hopes she will return". This comf... | 2.421875 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | After the death of the Prince Imperial, the Prince of Wales suggested that Beatrice marry their sister Alice's widower, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. Alice had died in 1878, and the Prince argued that Beatrice could act as replacement mother for Louis's young children and spend most of her time in England looking aft... | 2.109375 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | When Beatrice, after returning from Darmstadt, told her mother she planned to marry, the Queen reacted with frightening silence. Although they remained side by side, the Queen did not talk to her for seven months, instead communicating by note. Queen Victoria's behaviour, unexpected even by her family, seemed prompted ... | 2.3125 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | Despite being married, Beatrice fulfilled her promise to the Queen by continuing as her full-time confidante and secretary. Queen Victoria warmed to Henry. However, the Queen criticised Beatrice's conduct during her first pregnancy. When Beatrice stopped coming to the Queen's dinners a week before giving birth, preferr... | 2.34375 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | After inheriting Osborne, the King had his mother's personal photographs and belongings removed and some of them destroyed, especially material relating to John Brown, whom he detested. Queen Victoria had intended the house to be a private, secluded residence for her descendants, away from the pomp and ceremony of main... | 2.1875 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | Her presence at court further decreased as she aged. Devastated by the death of her favourite son, Maurice, during the First World War in 1914, she began to retire from public life. In response to war with Germany, George V changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor and at the same time a... | 2.4375 | 0 |
313602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Beatrice%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | Legacy
Beatrice was the shyest of all of Queen Victoria's children. However, because she accompanied Queen Victoria almost wherever she went, she became among the best known. Despite her shyness, she was an able actress and dancer as well as a keen artist and photographer. She was devoted to her children and was concer... | 2.53125 | 0 |
313606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald%20Wolfe | Reginald Wolfe | Reginald (or Reyner) Wolfe (died 1573) was a Dutch-born English Protestant printer and one of the original members of the Royal Stationers' Company.
Life
Wolfe was born in Druten in the Netherlands. A learned and devout Protestant, he settled in England some time before 1530 and established himself as a bookseller at ... | 2.265625 | 0 |
313610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20snipe | Common snipe | Description
Adults are in length with a wingspan and a weight of (up to pre-migration). They have short greenish-grey legs and a very long () straight dark bill. The body is mottled brown with straw-yellow stripes on top and pale underneath. They have a dark stripe through the eye, with light stripes above and bel... | 2.609375 | 0 |
313614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro%20de%20Le%C3%B3n%20Carpio | Ramiro de León Carpio | Ramiro de León Carpio (12 January 1942 – 16 April 2002) was a Guatemalan politician who served as the 43rd president of Guatemala from June 1993 until January 1996. He served as Guatemala's Attorney for Human Rights from August 1987 to June 1993.
Career
De León studied law at the University of San Carlos and then at t... | 2.046875 | 0 |
313614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro%20de%20Le%C3%B3n%20Carpio | Ramiro de León Carpio | De León promised to defend public freedoms and the rule of law, make progress in the negotiations with the guerrillas, and purge the armed forces of their bad apples. He fired the defense minister General José Domingo García Samayoa, replacing him with General Jorge Roberto Perussina Rivera, who had been implicated in ... | 2.359375 | 0 |
313616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Croatian%20presidential%20election | 1992 Croatian presidential election | Presidential elections were held in Croatia for the first time on 2 August 1992 alongside simultaneous parliamentary elections. The result was a victory for incumbent Franjo Tuđman of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), who received 58% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president of Croatia. Voter turn... | 2.234375 | 0 |
313620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Croatian%20presidential%20election | 1997 Croatian presidential election | Presidential elections were held in Croatia on 15 June 1997. They were the second presidential elections held since independence in 1991. The result was a victory for incumbent president Franjo Tuđman, the leader of the Croatian Democratic Union party (HDZ), who received 61.40% of the vote and was re-elected to a secon... | 2.15625 | 0 |
313624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%27s%20snipe | Wilson's snipe | Wilson's snipe (Gallinago delicata) is a small, stocky shorebird. The generic name Gallinago is Neo-Latin for a woodcock or snipe from Latin gallina, "hen" and the suffix -ago, "resembling". The specific name delicata is Latin for "dainty".
This species was considered to be a subspecies of the common snipe (G. gallina... | 2.46875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | Kimberley is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance due to its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Anglo-Boer war. British busi... | 2.796875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | Digger sentiment was expressed in an editorial in the Diamond Field newspaper when it stated "we went to sleep in New Rush and waked up in Kimberley, and so our dream was gone."
Following agreement by the British government on compensation to the Orange Free State for its competing land claims, Griqualand West was ann... | 2.796875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | Although a considerable degree of urban segregation already existed, one of the most significant impacts of Apartheid on the city of Kimberley was the implementation of the Group Areas Act. Communities were divided according to legislated racial categories, namely European (White), Native (Black), Coloured and Indian –... | 2.921875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | Resistance to apartheid in Kimberley was mounted as early as mid-1952 as part of the Defiance Campaign. Dr Arthur Letele put together a group of volunteers to defy the segregation laws by occupying 'Europeans Only' benches at Kimberley Railway Station – which led to arrest and imprisonment. Later in the year, the Mayib... | 2.734375 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | The arms were: Per saltire, in chief, barry wavy of six Argent and Azure; in base, Argent, a pale Sable charged with three fusils Argent; dexter, Gules, a shovel and pick in saltire, handles downward, Or; sinister, a staff of Aesculapius, Or. In layman's terms, the shield was divided in four by two diagonal lines, and ... | 2.71875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | South Africa's first school of mines was opened here in 1896 and later relocated to Johannesburg, becoming the core of the University of the Witwatersrand. A Pretoria campus later became the University of Pretoria. In fact the first two years were attended at colleges elsewhere, in Cape Town, Grahamstown or Stellenbosc... | 2.5 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | The railway reticulation eventually would link Kimberley with Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg, Durban and Bloemfontein. The major junction at De Aar in the Karoo linked early twentieth century lines to Upington (later to Namibia) and to Calvinia. From the 1990s there was a decline in the use of the railways.
Today passen... | 2.6875 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | Landscapes, urban and rural
Kimberley is set in a relatively flat landscape with no prominent topographic features within the urban limits. The only "hills" are debris dumps generated by more than a century of diamond mining. From the 1990s these were being recycled and poured back into De Beers Mine (by 2010 it was fi... | 2.890625 | 0 |
313628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley%2C%20Northern%20Cape | Kimberley, Northern Cape | The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is an initiative for preventing trade in "conflict diamonds" used to finance the undermining of legitimate governments. It was founded in 2003, following a May 2000 meeting of Southern African diamond-producing states in Kimberley. A tenth anniversary meeting of the Kim... | 2.4375 | 0 |
313635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20London%2C%20South%20Africa | East London, South Africa | East London (; ) is a city on the southeastern coast of South Africa, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast, largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River, and hosts the country's only river port. , East London had a population of over 267... | 2.703125 | 0 |
313635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20London%2C%20South%20Africa | East London, South Africa | Post-apartheid
At the end of apartheid in 1994, East London became part of the province of Eastern Cape. In 2000, East London became part of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, also consisting of King William's Town, Bhisho and Mdantsane and is the seat of the Metro.
Geography and climate
East London has an ocea... | 2.921875 | 0 |
313635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20London%2C%20South%20Africa | East London, South Africa | East London is home to the Prince George Race Circuit, opened in 1959 (renamed East London Grand Prix Circuit), a historic motor racing track that hosted three Formula One South African Grand Prix during the 1930s and 1960s. The circuit is run and managed by Border Motor Sport Club on a shoestring budget. South Africa'... | 1.976563 | 0 |
313637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro%20Arz%C3%BA | Álvaro Arzú | The main achievement of Arzú's presidency was the signature of a peace accord with the guerrilla group Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, which ended Guatemala's 36-year-long civil war. The negotiations had been going on since 1990, and Arzú gave them a vital new impulse when he met the URNG in Mexico on 26 Febru... | 2.3125 | 0 |
313644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Menzies | Castle Menzies | Castle Menzies in Scotland is the ancestral seat of the Clan Menzies and the Menzies Baronets. It is located a little to the west of the small village of Weem, near Aberfeldy in the Highlands of Perthshire, close to the former site of Weem Castle, destroyed c. 1502.
History
The sixteenth-century castle, built as a Z-p... | 2.40625 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | The Eastern Cape (; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, and its largest city is Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth). Due to its climate and nineteenth-century towns, it is a common location for tourists. It is also known for having been home to many anti-apartheid activists, including Nelson M... | 2.671875 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | In the late 18th century the Dutch Cape Colony slowly expanded eastwards from its original centre around Cape Town. This led to the establishment in 1786 of the Dutch settlement of Graaff-Reinet – named for the Governor of the Cape Colony Cornelius Jacob van de Graaff (in office: 1785–1791) and for his wife Hester Corn... | 2.984375 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | Major cities and towns include the following (in the case of places that have been renamed, the traditional name is listed first followed by the new official name):
East London (Gompo)
Port Elizabeth (Gqeberha)
Umtata (Mthatha)
Queenstown (Komani)
Grahamstown (Makhanda)
Jeffreys Bay
Alice (Dikeni)
Sterkspruit
Graaff-Re... | 2.75 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | Religion
As of the 2022 census, 86.1% of the population described themselves as Christians, 11.0% stated that they practiced Traditional African religions, and 0.6% described themselves as Muslim. 1.5% of the population described themselves as being atheist, agnostic, or having no religious affiliation.
Economy
The... | 2.796875 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | The basis of the province's fishing industry is squid, some recreational and commercial fishing for line fish, the collection of marine resources, and access to line-catches of hake.
Industry
With three import/export harbours and three airports offering direct flights to the main centres, and an excellent road and rai... | 2.1875 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | The provincial legislature is elected every five years by a system of party-list proportional representation. The most recent provincial election was held in 2024, which was won by the ANC, which has governed the province continuously since the end of Apartheid in 1994. The Democratic Alliance (DA) is the second larg... | 2.46875 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | Health
The province is served by big medical centres such as Cecilia Makiwane Hospital which is a large, government-funded hospital near the city of East London that also serves as a tertiary teaching hospital. Frere Hospital is another large, provincial government-funded hospital near East London which also serves as... | 2.75 | 0 |
313645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Cape | Eastern Cape | The Eastern Cape is also known for its traditional Xhosa initiation schools, which perform coming-of-age ceremonies known as ulwaluko which involve circumcision. These ceremonies have been linked to numerous complications such as coma, illness and death.
There have been numerous reports in South African newspapers inv... | 2.390625 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | Topography
The province is topographically exceptionally diverse. Most of the province falls within the Cape Fold Belt, a set of nearly parallel ranges of sandstone folded mountains of Cambrian-Ordovician age (the age of the rocks is from 510 to about 330 million years ago; their folding into mountains occurred about ... | 3.15625 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | The vegetation of the region is also extremely diverse, with one of the world's six floral kingdoms almost exclusively endemic to the province, namely the Cape Floral Kingdom, most of which is covered by Fynbos (from the Afrikaans meaning "Fine Bush" (Dutch: Fijnbos), though precisely how it came to be referred to as s... | 2.578125 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | Climate
The Western Cape is climatologically diverse, with many distinct micro- and macroclimates created by the varied topography and the influence of the surrounding ocean currents. These are the warm Agulhas Current which flows southwards along South Africa's east coast, and the cold Benguela Current which is an up... | 3.171875 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | Sea surface temperatures off the west and south coasts of South Africa are affected by ENSO via changes in surface wind strength. During El Niño the south-easterly winds driving upwelling are weaker which results in warmer coastal waters than normal, while during La Niña the same winds are stronger and cause colder coa... | 2.953125 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | This local system of multi-racial suffrage was later gradually restricted, and eventually abolished, under various National Party and United Party governments. In 1930 white women were enfranchised, and in 1931 property qualifications for white voters were removed. In 1936 black voters were then removed from the common... | 2.953125 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | The 1999 election marked the beginning of a period of great turbulence in Western Cape politics. No party achieved an absolute majority in the provincial parliament, as the ANC won 18 seats while the New National Party (NNP), successor to the NP, won 17. The NNP went into coalition with the Democratic Party (DP), which... | 2.0625 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | The 2009 election marked a significant change in Western Cape politics, as the Democratic Alliance won 51% of the votes and an absolute majority of 22 seats in the provincial parliament, while the ANC won 14 seats with 31% of the vote. The DA leader Helen Zille was elected Premier. In 2010 the Independent Democrats, wh... | 2.078125 | 0 |
313646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape | Western Cape | The Western Cape has an excellent network of highways comparable with any first-world country. The primary highways are the N1 (from Cape Town to Three Sisters, continuing outside the province towards Bloemfontein and Johannesburg), N2 (from Cape Town to Bloukrans River, towards Port Elizabeth), N7 (from Cape Town to B... | 2.328125 | 0 |
313647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpumalanga | Mpumalanga | Mpumalanga () is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name means "East", or literally "The Place Where the Sun Rises" in the Nguni languages. Mpumalanga lies in eastern South Africa, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique. It shares borders with the South African provinces of Limpopo to the north, Gauteng to the ... | 2.8125 | 0 |
313647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpumalanga | Mpumalanga | Post-apartheid
The liberation movement turned leading party, the African National Congress (ANC) came into power in Mpumalanga after white minority rule ended. A program of land redistribution, aimed at granting land back to the black communities who were forcibly moved during apartheid, had redistributed tens of thou... | 2.875 | 0 |
313647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpumalanga | Mpumalanga | Climate
The Lowveld is subtropical, due to its latitude and proximity to the warm Indian Ocean. The Highveld is comparatively much cooler and drier, due to its elevation of 1700 m to 2300 m above sea level. The Drakensberg escarpment receives the most precipitation, with all other areas being moderately well-watered b... | 3.09375 | 0 |
313649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Holbrooke | Richard Holbrooke | Foreign Service (1962–1969)
President John F. Kennedy's call to service inspired Holbrooke to enter government work. A few weeks after college graduation, Holbrooke entered the Foreign Service where he underwent Vietnamese language training. He served for six years in Vietnam, first in the Mekong Delta, as a civilian ... | 2.265625 | 0 |
313649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Holbrooke | Richard Holbrooke | Peace Corps and Foreign Policy (1970–1976)
In 1970, at his own request, Holbrooke was assigned to be the Peace Corps Director in Morocco. Holbrooke initially rejected an offer to become the editor of the magazine Foreign Policy instead recommending his friend, John Campbell. After two years, he left the Foreign Servic... | 2 | 0 |
313649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Holbrooke | Richard Holbrooke | Holbrooke also remained deeply engaged in prominent foreign policy issues. He visited Bosnia twice in 1992 as a private citizen and a member of the board of Refugees International, witnessing firsthand the damage and devastating human costs of the conflict. This experience committed Holbrooke to pursuing a more aggress... | 2.046875 | 0 |
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