id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
381
title
stringlengths
1
211
text
stringlengths
1.02k
2.05k
edu_quality
float64
1.91
4.03
naive_quality
int64
0
0
4047840
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovant
Fovant
Fovant is a village and civil parish in southwest Wiltshire, England, lying about west of Salisbury on the A30 Salisbury-Shaftesbury road, on the south side of the Nadder valley. History The name is derived from the Old English Fobbefunta, meaning "spring of a man called Fobbe". The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded a...
2.03125
0
4047849
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Garhoud%20Bridge
Al Garhoud Bridge
Al Garhoud Bridge (in Arabic: جسر القرهود) is one of three road bridges over Dubai Creek, and one of five crossings, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Al Garhoud Bridge forms the eastern end of the road toll (called Salik) that went into effect on 1 July 2007. Since the beginning of Salik, Al Garhoud Bridge has seen lo...
2.296875
0
4047871
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its use has been banned globally under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Org...
2.421875
0
4047871
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene is an animal carcinogen and is considered to be a probable human carcinogen. After its introduction as a fungicide in 1945, for crop seeds, this toxic chemical was found in all food types. Hexachlorobenzene was banned from use in the United States in 1966. This material has been classified by the Int...
2.828125
0
4047871
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Anatolian porphyria In Anatolia, Turkey between 1955 and 1959, during a period when bread wheat was unavailable, 500 people were fatally poisoned and more than 4,000 people fell ill by eating bread made with HCB-treated seed that was intended for agriculture use. Most of the sick were affected with a liver condition ca...
2.609375
0
4047933
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churching%20of%20women
Churching of women
In Christian tradition the churching of women, also known as thanksgiving for the birth or adoption of a child, is the ceremony wherein a blessing is given to mothers after recovery from childbirth. The ceremony includes thanksgiving for the woman's survival of childbirth, and is performed even when the child is stillb...
2.625
0
4047933
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churching%20of%20women
Churching of women
Prior to the English Reformation, according to the rubric the woman was to occupy the "convenient place" near the narthex. In the first prayer book of Edward VI of England, she was to be "nigh unto the quire door". In the second of his books, she was to be "nigh unto the place where the Table (or altar) standeth". Bish...
2.25
0
4047933
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churching%20of%20women
Churching of women
Augustine Schulte described the ceremony in the early twentieth century: The mother, kneels in the vestibule, or within the church, carrying a lighted candle. The priest, vested in surplice and white stole, sprinkles her with holy water in the form of a cross. Having recited Psalm 24, "The earth is the Lord's and the f...
2.234375
0
4047933
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churching%20of%20women
Churching of women
In the East In the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine Rite, many jurisdictions still observe the tradition of the woman coming to church on the 40th day after childbirth for special blessings. For forty days a new mother remains at home to recuperate and to care for her child. However, if t...
2.625
0
4047952
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirex
Mirex
Mirex is an organochloride that was commercialized as an insecticide and later banned because of its impact on the environment. This white crystalline odorless solid is a derivative of both cyclopentadiene and cubane. It was popularized to control fire ants but by virtue of chemical robustness and lipophilicity it was...
2.390625
0
4047952
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirex
Mirex
Degradation Much like other perchlorocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, mirex does not burn easily; pyrolysis products are expected to include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, phosgene, and possibly other organochlorine species. Slow oxidation of mirex can be used to produce chlordecone...
2.078125
0
4047952
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirex
Mirex
Safety Mirex is only moderately toxic in single-dose animal studies (oral values range from 365–3000 mg/kg body weight). It can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, and via the skin. The most sensitive effects of repeated exposure in animals are principally associated with the liver, and these effects have been o...
2.21875
0
4047961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20A.%20Wilson%20%28gynecologist%29
Robert A. Wilson (gynecologist)
Robert A. Wilson was an American gynecologist who is known for writing the best-selling 1966 book Feminine Forever. He is also known for his organization the Wilson Research Foundation (WRA). In Feminine Forever, Wilson promoted the use of estrogen therapy to avoid the menopause and associated symptoms. He characterize...
2.15625
0
4047983
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akram%20Khan%20%28cricketer%29
Akram Khan (cricketer)
Mohammad Akram Hussain Khan (; born 1 November 1968) is a former Bangladeshi cricketer. A hard hitting middle order batsman, Akram played first-class cricket for Chittagong Division. As captain, he led Bangladesh to being the winners of the 1997 ICC Trophy. He was the chief selector of the BCB, along with Habibul Basha...
1.96875
0
4048014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine%20oxidase%20A
Monoamine oxidase A
MAO-A shares 70% amino acid sequence identity with its homologue MAO-B. Accordingly, both proteins have similar structures. Both MAO-A and MAO-B exhibit an N-terminal domain that binds flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a central domain that binds the amine substrate, and a C-terminal α-helix that is inserted in the o...
2.53125
0
4048014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine%20oxidase%20A
Monoamine oxidase A
Clinical significance Cancer MAO-A produces an amine oxidase, which is a class of enzyme known to affect carcinogenesis. Clorgyline, an MAO-A enzyme inhibitor, prevents apoptosis in melanoma cells, in vitro. Cholangiocarcinoma suppresses MAO-A expression, and those patients with higher MAO-A expression had less ad...
2.375
0
4048014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine%20oxidase%20A
Monoamine oxidase A
Other studies failed to find a significant relationship between high-activity variants of the MAOA gene and major depressive disorder. In patients with major depressive disorder, those with MAOA G/T polymorphisms (rs6323) coding for the highest-activity form of the enzyme have a significantly lower magnitude of placebo...
1.960938
0
4048014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine%20oxidase%20A
Monoamine oxidase A
The MAO-A gene was the first candidate gene for antisocial behavior and was identified during a "molecular genetic analysis of a large, multigenerational, and notoriously violent, Dutch kindred". A study of Finnish prisoners revealed that a MAOA-L (low-activity) genotype, which contributes to low dopamine turnover rate...
2.171875
0
4048014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine%20oxidase%20A
Monoamine oxidase A
The effects of MAOA genes on aggression have also been criticized for being heavily overstated. Indeed, the MAOA gene, even in conjunction with childhood adversity, is known to have a very small effect. The vast majority of people with the associated alleles have not committed any violent acts. Legal implications In ...
2.53125
0
4048025
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota%20Aurion%20%28XV40%29
Toyota Aurion (XV40)
The Toyota Aurion (XV40) is the original series of the Toyota Aurion, a mid-size car produced by Toyota in Australia and parts of Asia. Designated "XV40", Toyota manufactured the first generation Aurion between 2006 and 2012 until it was fully replaced by the XV50 series. While Asian production of the XV50 series bega...
2.015625
0
4048037
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolde%C8%99ti-Sc%C4%83eni
Boldești-Scăeni
Boldești-Scăeni (), often spelled Boldești-Scăieni, is a town in Prahova County, southern Romania. Located about north of Ploiești, it is an important oil-extraction center. It is situated in the historical region of Muntenia. History The town was created in 1968 by the unification of two neighbouring communes, Bold...
2.15625
0
4048070
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolintin-Vale
Bolintin-Vale
Bolintin-Vale () is a town in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 12,806 . The town administers three villages: Crivina, Malu Spart, and Suseni. It is the second largest city in the county; proximity to the capital, Bucharest, has helped the local economy. It officially became a town in 1989, as a re...
2.09375
0
4048071
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Alexandre%20Monsigny
Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny
Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny (; – ) was a French composer and a member of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts (1813). He is considered alongside André Grétry and François-André Danican Philidor to have been the founder of a new musical genre, the opéra comique, laying a path for other French composers such as François-Ad...
2.34375
0
4048087
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu
Titu
Titu () is a town in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 9,291 . Location The town in located in the southern part of the county, in the center of the Wallachian Plain. It lies at a distance of from the county seat, Târgoviște, from Bucharest, and from Pitești. Titu îs surrounded by several c...
2.1875
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
ARCA organized a public presentation of their Orizont spaceplane in front of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest. Because of financial problems encountered with the construction of Orizont, ARCA decided to suspend its development and instead design a new, much smaller rocket called Stabilo. It was designed to be ...
2.546875
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
In early 2008 ARCA joined the Google Lunar X Prize competition and designed the Haas orbital launcher. Their lunar rover was named European Lunar Lander and used a monopropellant rocket engine for landing and hovering. Haas was a three-stage orbital rocket powered by hybrid engines using a bitumen-based fuel and hydrog...
2.515625
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
By 2011 all the fiberglass molds for the aircraft were finished and one-third of the aircraft structure was completed. The crew capsule escape system was tested on September 26, 2011, when a Mil Mi-17 helicopter belonging to the Special Aviation Unit dropped the capsule from an altitude of 700 m over the Black Sea. The...
2.046875
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
AMi Cargo The AMi Cargo vehicle is the vehicle designed to support ARCA's asteroid mining operations, and as the primary payload for the EcoRocket Heavy. The AMi Cargo vehicle will approach an asteroid, and then release the battery-powered Recovery Capsule (which, in the first iteration, appeared to be derived from th...
2.28125
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
A1 Interceptor The A1 is a strategic anti-ballistic interceptor system, based on the EcoRocket technology, announced in December of 2023. The commercially available vehicle comes in two versions; the A1A & A1B. The basic premise and interception method of the vehicle consists of a 6-10 metric ton device (referred to a...
2.109375
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
The Executor was a liquid-fueled rocket engine intended to power the IAR-111 Excelsior supersonic plane and Haas 2B and 2C rockets. Executor was an open cycle gas generator rocket engine, that uses liquid oxygen and kerosene and has a maximum thrust of 24 tons force. ARCA decided to use composite materials and aluminum...
2.40625
0
4048091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCAspace
ARCAspace
The pump volutes were made of 6062 type aluminum alloy. The pump rotors are made through lathing and milling using 304 type steel. The supersonic turbine was made of refractory steel, both the core and the blades. The turbine rotation speed was 20,000 rpm and has a 1.5 MW power. The intake gas temperature was 620 °C. T...
2.0625
0
4048100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20wrist-guard
Stone wrist-guard
Early Bronze Age stone wrist-guards are found across Europe from around 2400-1900 BC and are closely associated with the Beaker culture and Únětice culture. In the past they have been variously known as stone bracers, stone arm-guards and armlets, although "stone wrist-guard" is currently the favoured terminology; and ...
2.8125
0
4048100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20wrist-guard
Stone wrist-guard
They are usually found on the outside of the arm, where they would have been more conspicuous. Many have only two holes which would make them difficult to fasten securely to the arm, and some have projecting rivets which would catch on the bowstring and make them unsuitable for use as a bracer. When the objects occur ...
2.609375
0
4048111
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Sail
Operation Sail
Many nations maintain sailing ships in this machine age because they believe there is no better way to build character in young men than sail training. It encourages initiative, steadfastness, leadership and personal courage .... the records of the brotherhood of the sea sparkle with innumerable examples of the value o...
2.515625
0
4048122
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Sharif%20%28cricketer%29
Mohammad Sharif (cricketer)
Mohammad Sharif () (born 12 December 1985 in Narayanganj, Dhaka) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a right-handed player. The right-arm pacer has returned to cricket after a short break. He has played for Bangladesh, Dhaka Warriors, ICL Bangladesh, Bangladesh A, Barisal Division, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Bangladesh...
1.953125
0
4048134
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valea%20lui%20Mihai
Valea lui Mihai
Valea lui Mihai (; ) is a town in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. Geography The town is located at the northern tip of Bihor County, around north-east of the county seat, Oradea, on the border with Hungary. It is crossed by national road (on this segment, part of European route E671), which runs from Oradea all the ...
2.03125
0
4048140
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enamul%20Haque%20%28cricketer%2C%20born%201966%29
Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966)
Enamul Haque Moni (; born 27 February 1966), also known as Enamul Haq Moni, is a Bangladeshi former cricketer who played in 10 Tests and 29 One Day Internationals (ODIs) from 1990 to 2003. After retiring from competitive cricket, he became an umpire, and made his first appearance in an ODI between Bangladesh and Zimbab...
2.015625
0
4048163
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Provinces
Central Provinces
The Central Provinces was a province of British India. It comprised British conquests from the Mughals and Marathas in central India, and covered parts of present-day Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra states. Nagpur was the primary winter capital while Pachmarhi served as the regular summer retreat. It becam...
3.046875
0
4048163
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Provinces
Central Provinces
The eastern portion of the state lay in the upper Mahanadi River basin, which forms fertile rice-growing region of Chhattisgarh. The Maikal Range separates the basins of the Narmada and the Mahanadi. The Chota Nagpur Plateau extended into the northeast corner of the province. Demographics General censuses were held i...
2.890625
0
4048180
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%E2%80%93Dieudonn%C3%A9%20theorem
Cartan–Dieudonné theorem
In mathematics, the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem, named after Élie Cartan and Jean Dieudonné, establishes that every orthogonal transformation in an n-dimensional symmetric bilinear space can be described as the composition of at most n reflections. The notion of a symmetric bilinear space is a generalization of Euclidean...
2.234375
0
4048189
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Society%20for%20Racial%20Hygiene
German Society for Racial Hygiene
The German Society for Racial Hygiene () was a German eugenic organization founded on 22 June 1905 by the physician Alfred Ploetz in Berlin. Its goal was "for society to return to a healthy and blooming, strong and beautiful life" as Ploetz put it. The Nordic race was supposed to regain its "purity" through selective r...
2.625
0
4048234
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard%20Lick%2C%20North%20Carolina
Lizard Lick, North Carolina
Lizard Lick is an unincorporated community in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located at the crossroads of Lizard Lick Road and NC 97. Lizard Lick has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. The community is approximately east of the state capital of Raleigh, along NC 97. I...
2.09375
0
4048451
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20College%20of%20General%20Practitioners
Royal College of General Practitioners
In 2007 a new system of assessment was introduced, delivered locally in conjunction with deaneries, with the qualification awarded on completion of a three-year specialty training programme. Doctors with a licence to practise who successfully complete the MRCGP are eligible for inclusion on the General Medical Council'...
2.484375
0
4048451
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20College%20of%20General%20Practitioners
Royal College of General Practitioners
The college's coat of arms and inscription Cum Scientia Caritas were designed by Perry Harrison, a founder member of the college. The college received the letters patent for its Arms in 1961. The elements represent historical context and themes relevant to general medical practice: The ancient lineage of medicine – th...
2.40625
0
4048455
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically%20interlocked%20molecular%20architectures
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
In chemistry, mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs) are molecules that are connected as a consequence of their topology. This connection of molecules is analogous to keys on a keychain loop. The keys are not directly connected to the keychain loop but they cannot be separated without breaking the loo...
2.640625
0
4048455
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically%20interlocked%20molecular%20architectures
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
Mechanical bonding effects on non-covalent interactions The strength of non-covalent interactions in a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture increases as compared to the non-mechanically bonded analogues. This increased strength is demonstrated by the necessity of harsher conditions to remove a metal template...
2.078125
0
4048461
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Alexis%20Tremblay
Pierre-Alexis Tremblay
Pierre-Alexis "Pitre" Tremblay (December 27, 1827 – January 4, 1879) was a surveyor and Quebec political figure. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1875 and 1878 to 1879. He was born in La Malbaie, Lower Canada, in 1827 and studied at the Petit Séminaire of Quebec. Near the end of 1853, he began carryi...
2.0625
0
4048468
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Frei
Christian Frei
War Photographer (2001) received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary and numerous prizes worldwide. For this feature-length documentary, Frei spent two years accompanying war photographer James Nachtwey to different war zones around the world. The film shows his protagonist to be a shy and reserved man, fa...
1.945313
0
4048476
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%20albatross
Campbell albatross
The Campbell albatross (Thalassarche impavida) or Campbell mollymawk, is a medium-sized mollymawk in the albatross family. It breeds only on Campbell Island and the associated islet of Jeanette Marie, in a small New Zealand island group in the South Pacific. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the black-browed ...
2.5
0
4048476
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%20albatross
Campbell albatross
Description It weighs and is long. The adult is very similar to the black-browed albatross, differing in eye color. It has a white head, neck, rump, and underparts, with a black upperwing, back, and tail. The underwing is white with broad black edging. It has a black triangle around the eye that reaches the bill, whi...
2.859375
0
4048492
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaforde
Seaforde
Seaforde is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is within the townland of Naghan, one mile (1.6 km) north of Clough on the main Ballynahinch to Newcastle road. It is part of the Newry, Mourne and Down area. History The village is named after the Forde family, who descend from Nicholas Forde of Dunbo...
1.921875
0
4048512
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20individual
Biathlon at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's individual
The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was held on 11 February, at Cesana San Sicario. The individual race consisted of five laps around a four kilometre loop with four stops at the shooting range. During each shooting section, each biathlete fired five shot...
1.96875
0
4048582
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhruva%20Dharavarsha
Dhruva Dharavarsha
Dhruva (r. 780 – 793 CE) was one of the most notable rulers of the Rashtrakuta Empire. He ascended the imperial throne after replacing his elder brother Govinda II. Govinda II had become unpopular among his subjects on account of his various misconducts as a monarch, including excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures....
2.15625
0
4048588
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Chagas%20Filho
Carlos Chagas Filho
Carlos Chagas Filho (September 10, 1910 – February 16, 2000) was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He wa...
2.640625
0
4048588
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Chagas%20Filho
Carlos Chagas Filho
Feeling the need to specialize further in neurophysiology, Filho travelled to France, where he worked with René Wurmser and Alfred Fessard, in Paris, and to England, where he worked with A.V. Hill (1886–1977). Returning to Brazil, he established a Laboratory of Biophysics at the Medical School and assembled a group of ...
2.53125
0
4048588
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Chagas%20Filho
Carlos Chagas Filho
As an educator, Filho left an important influence on biomedical research in Brazil, through his many scientific disciples and colleagues at the Biophysics Institute, such as Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão. It was during the initial years of the Institute, also, that Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-), then a young researcher...
2.75
0
4048588
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Chagas%20Filho
Carlos Chagas Filho
In Brazil he was a member, vice-president and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1941–2000) and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1974–2000), a member of the National Research Council and one of the founders and member of the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science. Carlos Chagas Filho ...
1.929688
0
4048600
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Humpage
Geoff Humpage
Geoffrey William Humpage (born 24 April 1954) is a former England cricketer who played in three One Day Internationals in 1981. Humpage played in county cricket as a hard-hitting middle-order batsman and wicketkeeper for Warwickshire from 1974 to 1990. He was born at Sparkbrook in Birmingham in 1954. , he still holds ...
1.976563
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr. (August 13, 1805August 7, 1852) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. Rantoul was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1835–1839), the commission to revise the laws of Massachusetts, and the Massachusetts Board of Education (1837–1842). He was the United States...
1.984375
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
Professional life After graduating from Harvard in 1826, Rantoul began studying law in Salem, Massachusetts, under the tutelage of John Pickering and later under the Hon. Leverett Saltonstall. In 1829, Rantoul was admitted to the Massachusetts state bar. In 1830, Rantoul took his first case: the defense of one Knapps f...
2.078125
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
In 1838, Rantoul moved to Boston, Massachusetts. In Boston, Rantoul would come across many of the same challenges that he faced as a young lawyer in Salem, namely opposition from the wealthy and elite whose political views differed so starkly from his own. As a liberal fighting on behalf of the common man in a city so ...
2.0625
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
Sims Case In 1851, Rantoul became involved in one of the most infamous cases in Massachusetts history. On the morning of April 4, 1851, Thomas Sims, an escaped slave arrested in Boston under the Fugitive Slave Act, was being held by guards outside the state courthouse in Boston. On his way to his office, Rantoul notice...
2.296875
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
Codification of the law Throughout his life, Rantoul was a fierce advocate for the codification of the common law. He believed that judge-made rules were tantamount to judicial legislation, and he argued that freemen should be amenable to no law but the written law as sanctioned by representatives of the people. In 183...
2.296875
0
4048612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rantoul%20Jr.
Robert Rantoul Jr.
Capital punishment Owing to the influence of his father, who was himself strongly against the death penalty, Rantoul was from his earliest days a strong advocate for the abolishment of capital punishment. In 1835, Rantoul formed a committee in the Massachusetts State Legislature to propose the repeal of all capital pun...
2.59375
0
4048634
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Mordechai%20Goldschmidt
Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt
Born 1853 in Mainz, Goldschmidt was the son of the merchant Salomon Benedikt from the wealthy Goldschmidt family and Josephine Edle von Portheim who came from a wealthy family in Prague. The family wanted him to work in metallurgy and he attended the Bergakademie Freiberg in Saxony where he was influenced by Albin Weis...
2.3125
0
4048642
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harihara%20I
Harihara I
Ballappa Dandanayaka, a nephew of the Hoysala king Veera Ballala III, had married a daughter of Harihara. This shows that Harihara was associated with the Hoysala Court. Immediately after coming to power, he built a fort at Barkuru, on the west coast of present-day Karnataka. It appears from inscriptions that he was ad...
2.546875
0
4048662
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis is a large genus of oreochromine cichlids, fishes endemic to Africa and the Middle East. A few species from this genus have been introduced far outside their native range and are important in aquaculture. Many others have very small ranges; some are seriously threatened, and O. ismailiaensis and O. lidole p...
2.96875
0
4048667
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarotherodon
Sarotherodon
Sarotherodon is a genus of oreochromine cichlids that are native to the northern half of Africa (south as far as the Congo River basin), with a single species, S. galilaeus, also ranging into the Levant. A couple of species from this genus have been introduced far outside their native range, and are important in aquacu...
3.046875
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, 9th Lord of Skipton (8 April 1435 – 28 March 1461) was a Lancastrian military leader during the Wars of the Roses in England. The Clifford family was one of the most prominent families among the northern English nobility of the fifteenth century, and by the marriages of his sisters, J...
2.40625
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Armed conflict erupted again in 1459, and again Clifford was found on the side of King Henry and Queen Margaret. Clifford took part in the parliament that attainted the Yorkists – by now in exile – and he took a share of the profits from their lands, as well as being appointed to offices traditionally in their keeping....
2.84375
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Clifford accompanied the royal army on its march south early the next year, where, although wounded, he played a leading part in the second Battle of St Albans, and then afterwards with the Queen to the north. The Yorkist army, now under the command of Edward of York and Richard, Earl of Warwick, pursued the Lancastria...
2.53125
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Clifford had three younger brothers and five sisters. Sir Roger Clifford, who married Joan Courtenay (born c. 1447), the eldest daughter of Thomas de Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon, by Margaret Beaufort, the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. She married secondly, Sir William Knyvet of Buckenham, Norfolk. N...
2.40625
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Early career Little is known of Clifford's early life or career until he appears on the records of 24 August 1453, as supporting the traditional allies of his family, the Percy family. The Percys were at that time engaged in a bitter feud – known as the Percy–Neville feud by historians – with their rivals for power in ...
2.34375
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
It is likely that for him, the death of his father personalised an already bitter struggle with the Nevilles. Michael Hicks, for example, has suggested that "the heirs of the dead lords... now wanted revenge for their fathers' deaths. They were not particular whether by constitutional trial or by assassination." Warwic...
2.265625
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
The next point at which Clifford appears to have been fully involved in national politics was attending the parliament summoned to Coventry in November 1459. By this time the civil wars had broken out again in earnest: the Neville earl of Salisbury had defeated an attempted Lancastrian ambush of him at the Battle of Bl...
2.234375
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
In June 1460 the exiled Yorkists successfully invaded England, and on 10 July they defeated a royal army at the Battle of Northampton, and captured the king. As a result, Clifford was now ordered to surrender Penrith castle and Honour back to the earl of Salisbury. But although the now-Yorkist government repeatedly sen...
2.84375
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Death of the earl of Rutland One modern historian has noted, however, that although Rutland's death brought Clifford "considerable notoriety, much of it [was] first reported only several decades after the event." Henry Summerson dates the first published description of 'Butcher Clifford' as being not until the 1540s, b...
2.046875
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
Death and attainder Following the victory at Wakefield, Clifford and other Lancastrian lords in the north attended Queen Margaret's Royal council in January; they soon led their army south. Gregory's Chronicle reports that everyone wore the Prince of Wales' cognizance, the ostrich feather badge. On 17 February 1461 th...
2.65625
0
4048682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clifford%2C%209th%20Baron%20Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
The day after Clifford's death the bulk of the Yorkist and Lancastrian armies faced each other at the Battle of Towton. After what is now considered the biggest and possibly bloodiest battle ever to take place on English soil, the Lancastrians were routed, and the son of the duke of York was crowned King Edward IV. On ...
2.828125
0
4048692
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrigley%2C%20County%20Down
Shrigley, County Down
Shrigley is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland about a mile north-west of Killyleagh. It is named after Pott Shrigley in Cheshire. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 456. It lies within the Down District Council area. History Shrigley is a small satellite industrial village which grew up around ...
2.171875
0
4048755
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Schoemaker
Hubert Schoemaker
Hubert Jacob Paul Schoemaker (March 23, 1950 – January 1, 2006) was a Dutch biotechnologist. He was a co-founder and the president of one of America's first biotechnology companies, Centocor, which was founded in 1979 for the commercialising of monoclonal antibodies. In 1999 he founded Neuronyx, Inc., for the manufact...
2.09375
0
4048769
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Steward%20Davis
J. Steward Davis
Upon returning from the war, Davis quickly built a thriving practice as a trial lawyer in Baltimore. At six feet tall, and with a polished air and winning smile, Davis had an impressive presence which sometimes drew crowds to the courtroom. In 1921, he appeared in 48 cases mentioned in The Afro-American newspaper, most...
2.125
0
4048811
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Davies%20%28historian%29
John Davies (historian)
John Davies, FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He attended university at Cardiff and Cambridge and taught Welsh at Aberystwyth. He wrote a number of books on Welsh history, including A History of Wales (Hanes Cymru in Welsh). Education Davies was bo...
2.046875
0
4048838
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballylongford
Ballylongford
Ballylongford (historically Bealalongford, from ) is a village near Listowel in northern County Kerry, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, it had a population of 415. Geography The village is situated near the estuary of the Ballyline River, on Ballylongford Bay, a tidal estuary of the River Shannon, close to Carrigafoyle...
2.3125
0
4048838
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballylongford
Ballylongford
In 1580, during the Second Desmond Rebellion, the castle was defended by a garrison composed of some 70 Irish, Italian and Spanish troops, led by Captain Julian, an Italian. The Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle by Elizabethan forces under Lord Justice Sir William Pelham began on Palm Sunday. After two days, it was breached...
2.78125
0
4048838
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballylongford
Ballylongford
On the other side of the creek, the O'Connors built the Friary of Lislaughtin in 1478, known locally as Lislaughtin Abbey (Lios Laichtin, meaning Lachtin's Enclosure). St Lachtin was the first to preach Christianity in the area. Two of the O'Connor chiefs are buried within its walls. The abbey was raided twice by Engli...
3.015625
0
4048845
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Socialist%20Workers%20Party%20%28Britain%29
History of the Socialist Workers Party (Britain)
The history of the Socialist Workers Party begins with the formation of the Socialist Review Group in 1950, followed by the creation of the International Socialists in 1962 and continues through to the present day with the formation of the Socialist Workers Party in 1977. Origins The SWP's origins lie in the Revolutio...
2.25
0
4048845
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Socialist%20Workers%20Party%20%28Britain%29
History of the Socialist Workers Party (Britain)
International Socialists (1962–1977) In 1962 the Socialist Review Group became the International Socialists (IS) taking the name of their new journal International Socialism. The journal had briefly appeared in 1958 as a cyclostyled magazine and a second issue, publishing Cliff's essay on Rosa Luxemburg had appeared in...
2.125
0
4048852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Gustaf%20Mannerheim%20%28naturalist%29
Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist)
Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (10 August 1797 – 9 October 1854) was a Finnish nobleman, amateur entomologist and governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland. He collected beetles from across the Arctic region from Alaska to Russia through northern Scandinavia making use of a network of aristocratic am...
1.914063
0
4048856
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmykian%20Cavalry%20Corps
Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
The Kalmykian Cavalry Corps (; also known as: , , , Dr. Doll Kalmyk Formation (Dr. Doll was an alias of )) was a unit of about 5,000 ethnic Kalmyk volunteers who chose to join the German Army in 1942 rather than remain in Kalmykia as German forces retreated before the Red Army. Stalin subsequently declared the Kalmyk p...
2.734375
0
4048959
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon%20Rodan
Gideon Rodan
Gideon Alfred Rodan (June 14, 1934 – January 1, 2006) was a Romanian-born American biochemist and Doctor of Medicine. Formative years Rodan was born in Bucharest, Romania on June 14, 1934. He completed his doctor of medicine degree at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was awarded a doctor of philosophy degree by the ...
2.265625
0
4048960
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fmak%C3%A7%C4%B1
Başmakçı
Başmakçı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, closer to Denizli than to the city of Afyon itself. It is the seat of Başmakçı District. Its population is 4,993 (2021). The mayor is Selçuk Gönüllü (CHP). History The history of Başmakçı goes back to the Hittite era, 1750-1200 BC. It then b...
2.21875
0
4048980
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Finch
Albert Finch
Albert Finch (16 May 1926 – 23 January 2003) was a British boxer from Croydon in South London, who was active from 1945 to 1958. He fought as both a middleweight and light-heavyweight, becoming British middleweight champion in 1950. He was one of seven children and learnt to box at the age of eight. He had a successfu...
1.90625
0
4048989
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Buturlin
Sergei Buturlin
A scion of one of the oldest families of Russian nobility, Buturlin spent most his life in Russia although he was born in the Swiss town of Montreux along with a twin brother Alexander who died at the age of seven. His father A.S Buturlin (1845-1916) was physician, writer and Marxist friend of Leo Tolstoy. He went to ...
2.21875
0
4048991
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinanpa%C5%9Fa
Sinanpaşa
Sinanpaşa (or Sincanlı) is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey on a plain surrounded by pine-covered mountains, 33 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Uşak and İzmir. It is the seat of Sinanpaşa District. Its population is 3,544 (2021). The mayor is Erdal Karaman (AKP). Winters are cold and snowy, and summe...
2.125
0
4048994
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanda%C4%9F%C4%B1
Sultandağı
Sultandağı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sultandağı District. Its population is 5,195 (2021). It is located at 68 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Konya, near Lake Akşehir at the foothills of the Sultan Mountains (Sultandağ), a meeting point of the Aegea...
1.921875
0
4049012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez
Enez
Enez is a town in Edirne Province, in East Thrace, Turkey. The ancient name of the town was Ainos (), Latinised as Aenus. It is the seat of Enez District. Its population is 4,301 (2022). The mayor is Özkan Günenç (CHP). Enez consists of an old town centre, backing on to the Meriç/Evros river forming the border with ne...
1.945313
0
4049012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez
Enez
The Suda suggests that the first settlers were Greeks from the Alopeconnesus and later more settlers came from Mytilene and Kyme which agrees with what Harpocration had written. Presumably because of the similarity of the names, Virgil had Aeneas founding the city after the destruction of Troy. A surer sign of its a...
2.921875
0
4049012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez
Enez
Byzantine period The city is mentioned first among the cities of the province of Rhodope in the 6th-century Synecdemus of Hierocles. Under Justinian I (r. 527–565), the city wall was heightened and the previously unprotected shore fortified. In the middle Byzantine period, the city was part of the Theme of Thrace. In ...
2.734375
0
4049012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez
Enez
In 1463 Ainos was given by Mehmed II to the deposed Despot of the Morea, Demetrios Palaiologos, as an appanage (along with parts of Thasos and Samothrace). He remained in possession of the town until 1467, when he fell into disgrace. The Venetians briefly captured the city in 1469. Modern period The town gave its na...
2.671875
0