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1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Chicago Public Schools (CPS), officially classified as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons, in Chicago, Illinois, is the fourth-largest school district in the United States, after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County. For the 2023–24 school year, CPS reported overseeing 634 ... | 2.578125 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Chicago Public Schools led the nation in test score improvement, learned at a faster rate compared to 96% of all school districts in the country, and as of 2020, had an all-time high graduation rate. It has faced declining enrollments and school closings. More than 80 percent of CPS students are Hispanic or Black.
His... | 3 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Funding
By the 1960s, schools across Chicago—and most of Illinois—were struggling to support themselves. Illinois school funding, according to scholar Tracy Steffes, was heavily reliant upon “funding by property taxes assessed in and bounded within districts of highly unequal wealth.” Wealthy districts paid less and go... | 2.171875 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | School closures
From 2001 to 2009, CPS, under Arne Duncan's leadership, closed dozens of elementary and high schools due to classrooms being at low capacity or underperforming. Despite claims that the closures would help underperforming students, University of Chicago researchers found that most of the students who tr... | 2.40625 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Student and teacher protests
In 2013, Mayor Rahm Emanuel of Chicago initiated the closing of 54 public schools. Of the 54 public schools to be closed were 53 elementary schools and one high school. Mayor Rahm Emanuel claimed the school closings were a direct result from the nearly $1 billion deficit the city was faci... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | For the 2018–2019 school year, CPS reports having 361,314 students including 17,668 in preschool, 24,128 in kindergarten, 213,651 in grades 1–8, and 105,867 in grades 9-12. The racial makeup of the student body is 46.7% Hispanics, 36.6% African-Americans, 10.5% White, 4.1% Asian/Pacific Islander, 1.2% Multi-Racial, 0.3... | 2.921875 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Most schools in the district, whether prekindergarten-8th grade, elementary, middle, or secondary, have attendance boundaries restricting student enrollment to within a given area. A school may elect to enroll students outside its attendance boundaries if there is space or if it has a magnet cluster program. Full magn... | 2.71875 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | Operations
The structure of Chicago Public Schools was redefined after Mayor Richard M. Daley convinced the Illinois General Assembly to place CPS under the mayor's control. Illinois school districts are generally governed by locally elected school boards, where each district board hires a superintendent, who in turn h... | 2.234375 | 0 |
1488123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Public%20Schools | Chicago Public Schools | In 1988, the Government of Illinois passed the Chicago School Reform Act, which created Local School Councils.
Performance
The April 21, 2006 issue of the Chicago Tribune revealed a study by the Consortium on Chicago School Research that stated that 6 of every 100 CPS freshmen would earn a bachelor's degree by age 25.... | 2.484375 | 0 |
1488146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragone | Paragone | Paragone (, meaning comparison), was a debate during the Italian Renaissance in which painting and sculpture (and to a degree, architecture) were each championed as forms of art superior and distinct to each other. While other art forms, such as architecture and poetry existed in the context of the debate, painting and... | 2.90625 | 0 |
1488146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragone | Paragone | Each medium had multiple points in support of it. Much of the debate lacked specific examples of supporting work, though the ideas were extensively discussed. Giorgio Vasari argued that drawing is the father of all arts, and as such, the most important one. Sculpture was typically claimed to be the only method of havin... | 2.875 | 0 |
1488155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundabout%20%28play%29 | Roundabout (play) | A roundabout (British English), merry-go-round (American English), or carousel (Australian English), is a piece of playground equipment, a flat disk, frequently about in diameter, with bars on it that act as both hand-holds and something to lean against while riding. The disk can be made to spin by pushing or pulling ... | 2.90625 | 0 |
1488174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoru%20Mochizuki | Minoru Mochizuki | was a Japanese martial artist who founded the dojo Yoseikan. He was a 10th dan in Aikido, 9th dan in Jujutsu, 8th dan in Iaido, 8th dan in Judo, 8th dan in Kobudo, 5th dan in Kendo, 5th dan in Karate, and a 5th dan in Jojutsu.
Mochizuki was one of the direct students of Judo founder Jigoro Kano, Aikido founder Morihei... | 2.828125 | 0 |
1488174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoru%20Mochizuki | Minoru Mochizuki | He was awarded two Daito-Ryu scrolls by Ueshiba in June 1932 ("Goshinyo no te" and "Hiden ogi no koto"). He spent eight years in Mongolia where he was an active educator and entrepreneur of projects to improve communications and irrigation. His idea of combating communism with the application of the principles of "mutu... | 1.992188 | 0 |
1488188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMT%20Nassau%20Street%20Line | BMT Nassau Street Line | Planning, construction, and first section
After the original lines of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) opened, the city began planning new lines. Two of these were extensions of that system, to Downtown Brooklyn and Van Cortlandt Park, but the other two – the Centre Street Loop subway (or Brooklyn Loop sub... | 2.796875 | 0 |
1488188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMT%20Nassau%20Street%20Line | BMT Nassau Street Line | The line was constructed below the active IRT Lexington Avenue Line, next to buildings along the narrow Nassau Street, and the project encountered difficulties such as quicksand. When the construction contracts were awarded, work had been projected to be completed in 39 months. By early 1929, sixty percent of the work... | 2.515625 | 0 |
1488188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMT%20Nassau%20Street%20Line | BMT Nassau Street Line | Service changes and modifications
A major change to the Nassau Street Line occurred on November 27, 1967, when the extensive Chrystie Street reroutes resulted in the discontinuation of service over the south tracks of the Manhattan Bridge into Chambers Street, as those tracks were now directly connected to the upper l... | 2.140625 | 0 |
1488195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20theorems%20of%20welfare%20economics | Fundamental theorems of welfare economics | There are two fundamental theorems of welfare economics. The first states that in economic equilibrium, a set of complete markets, with complete information, and in perfect competition, will be Pareto optimal (in the sense that no further exchange would make one person better off without making another worse off). The ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
1488195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20theorems%20of%20welfare%20economics | Fundamental theorems of welfare economics | Adam Smith (1776)
In a discussion of import tariffs Adam Smith wrote that:
Every individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can... He is in this, as in many other ways, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention... By pursuing his own in... | 2.0625 | 0 |
1488195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20theorems%20of%20welfare%20economics | Fundamental theorems of welfare economics | Pareto didn't find it so straightforward. He gives a diagrammatic argument in his text, applying solely to exchange, and a 32-page mathematical argument in the Appendix which Samuelson found 'not easy to follow'. Pareto was hampered by not having a concept of the production–possibility frontier, whose development was d... | 1.90625 | 0 |
1488195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20theorems%20of%20welfare%20economics | Fundamental theorems of welfare economics | Assumptions for the fundamental theorems
In principle, there are two commonly found versions of the fundamental theorems, one relating to an exchange economy in which endowments are exogenously given, and one relating to an economy in which production occurs. The production economy is more general and entails addition... | 1.984375 | 0 |
1488198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pega | Pega | Pega (c. 673 – c. 719) is a Christian saint who was an anchoress in the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, and the sister of St Guthlac.
Life
The earliest source of information about Pega is in Felix's 8th-century Latin Life of Guthlac, where she is referred to as 'the holy virgin of Christ Pega'. As the sister o... | 2.28125 | 0 |
1488226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breage | Breage | Breage or Breaca (with many variant spellings) is a saint venerated in Cornwall and South West England. According to her late hagiography, she was an Irish nun of the 5th or 6th century who founded a church in Cornwall. The village and civil parish of Breage in Cornwall are named after her, and the local Breage Parish ... | 2.375 | 0 |
1488226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breage | Breage | According to Leland's text, Breage was born in the region of Lagonia and Ultonia in Ireland, an unclear description perhaps referring to Leinster and Ulster. She became a nun at an oratory founded by Saint Brigid of Kildare at Campus Breace (the Plain of Breague; modern Mag Breg in County Meath). Around 460, she travel... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breage | Breage | Identity
Since the traditions about Breage that have come down are late, the veracity of the details are doubted. The hagiography is replete with stock elements: her association with other locally venerated saints as companions, her conflict with a heathen tyrant, and her establishment as a hermit in a remote part of t... | 2.671875 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | Coin's Financial School was an 1894 pamphlet written by lawyer, politician and resort founder William Hope Harvey (1851–1936). It advocated a return to bimetallism, where the value of a monetary unit is defined as a certain amount of two different kinds of metals, often gold and silver. In the book, Harvey charged tha... | 2.9375 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | The Gold Rush
In 1848, gold was discovered in Sutter's Mill, and the news of this discovery spread throughout the country. This would start a gold rush to the California territory. While merchants made more money than most miners did, it led to a substantial amount of gold flowing into the Treasury. Debate started in ... | 2.984375 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | The first pages of the pamphlet introduced the reader to Coin, a young financier who held a financial school in the Art Institute of Chicago. Coin started his first lecture by outlining the financial problems that plagued the nation at the time. Still suffering from the Panic of 1893, the nation's crime rate, governmen... | 3.125 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | The Second Day
The major newspapers in Chicago were taking note of Coin's first lecture, but all of them dismissed Coin as inconsequential and some others threw insults at the bimetallists such as "fraudulent free silverites" and "blatant orators". Coin started his second lesson in the Art Institute amid the increased... | 2.71875 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | The Third Day
Even more people showed interest in Coin's financial school, and more bimetallists joined Coin's lessons every day. Coin started off the day's lecture by distinguishing between the two kinds of credit money: paper money, which include bank notes, and token money, which are forms of metal that do not enjo... | 2.84375 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | The Sixth Day
Coin's demonstration of the size of all the gold in the world gained attention throughout the city, and prominent newspapers confirmed his report as true. Before a crowd of thousands gathering in the Art Institute, Coin began a fiery speech on the ills brought upon by the abandonment of bimetallism, and ... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | Willard Fisher, an economist, summed up the criticism for Coin with connecting the Fourth Coinage Act and the two panics that happened afterwards. Panics of similar scope had happened under bimetallism as well, notably Panics of 1819 and 1837, so the connection to the Fourth Coinage Act and the panics were shaky, accor... | 2.03125 | 0 |
1488230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin%27s%20Financial%20School | Coin's Financial School | Michigan Banker and editor Edward Wisner made similar comments in his own response, "Cash vs. Coin", where he created a fictional financier, "Charley Cash" to serve as Coin's opponent. Through Cash, Wisner also points out that simply reestablishing silver as legal tender would not create value by itself – the governmen... | 2.71875 | 0 |
1488232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20arrest | False arrest | Police officers
In the United States and other jurisdictions, police officers and other government officials are liable for clear deprivation of rights, but are partially shielded from false arrest lawsuits through the doctrine of qualified immunity, when such a violation qualifies as "not obvious," by a US Supreme Cou... | 2.265625 | 0 |
1488236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badme | Badme | Badme (, ) is a town in Gash-Barka region of Eritrea. Control of the town was at the centre of the Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict, which lasted from the beginning of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War, in 1998, to the signing of a joint statement at the Eritrea–Ethiopia summit in 2018, twenty years later.
Territorial disp... | 2.03125 | 0 |
1488245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burtas | Burtas | Burtas (, Burtasy; , Părtassem; , lar, ) were a tribe of uncertain ethnolinguistic affiliation inhabiting the steppe region north of the Caspian Sea in medieval times (modern Penza Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast and Saratov Oblast of the Russian Federation). They were subject to the Khazars.
History
In the 1380s or earlier... | 2.5625 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyards (more usually termed Royal Dockyards) were state-owned harbour facilities where ships of the Royal Navy were built, based, repaired and refitted. Until the mid-19th century the Royal Dockyards were the largest industrial complexes in Britain.
From the reign of Henry VII up until the 1990s, the Roy... | 2.765625 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Most Royal Dockyards were built around docks and slips. Traditionally, slipways were used for shipbuilding, and dry docks (also called graving docks) for maintenance; (dry docks were also sometimes used for building, particularly pre-1760 and post-1880). Regular hull maintenance was important: in the age of sail, a shi... | 2.640625 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | One thing generally absent from the Royal Dockyards (until the 20th century) was the provision of naval barracks. Prior to this time, sailors were not usually quartered ashore at all, they were expected to live on board a ship (the only real exception being at some overseas wharves where accommodation was provided for ... | 2.25 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | The origins of the Royal Dockyards are closely linked with the permanent establishment of a standing Navy in the early sixteenth century. The beginnings of a yard had already been established at Portsmouth with the building of a dry dock in 1496; but it was on the Thames in the reign of Henry VIII that the Royal Dockya... | 2.421875 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Furthermore, Royal Dockyards began to be opened in some of Britain's colonial ports, to service the fleet overseas. Yards were opened in Jamaica (as early as 1675), Antigua (1725), Gibraltar (1704), Canada (Halifax, 1759) and several other locations. Following the loss of the thirteen North American continental colonie... | 2.375 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Management of the yards was in the hands of the Navy Board until 1832. The Navy Board was represented in each yard by a resident commissioner (though Woolwich and Deptford, being close to the City of London, were for some time overseen directly by the Navy Board). The resident commissioners had wide-ranging powers enab... | 2.203125 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | After 1832
With the abolition of the Navy Board in 1832, the Admiralty took over the dockyards and the commissioners were replaced by Admiral-Superintendents.
The Clerk of the Survey post had been abolished in 1822. The office of Clerk of the Cheque was likewise abolished in 1830 (its duties reverting to the Storekeep... | 2.25 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Ships' ordnance (guns, weapons and ammunition) was provided independently by the Board of Ordnance, which set up its own Ordnance Yards alongside several of the Royal Dockyards both at home and abroad. Similarly, the Victualling Board established Victualling Yards in several Dockyard locations, which furnished warships... | 2.546875 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda on Ireland Island at Bermuda's 'West End', was opened in 1809 on land purchased following US independence. The Royal Navy had established itself at St. George's Town at Bermuda's East End in 1795, after a dozen years spent charting the surrounding reef line to find a channel suitable for s... | 2.515625 | 0 |
1488253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20Dockyard | Royal Navy Dockyard | . The blockade of US Atlantic ports during the American War of 1812 was orchestrated from Bermuda, as was the Chesapeake Campaign. Admiralty House moved in 1816 to Spanish Point (near to the new Government House and the Town of Hamilton, which has become the colonial capital in 1815), facing Ireland Island and Grassy B... | 2.65625 | 0 |
1488258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Barton%20Key%20II | Philip Barton Key II | Sickles saw Key sitting on a bench outside the Sickles home on February 27, 1859, signalling to Teresa, and confronted him. Sickles rushed outside into Lafayette Square, cried "Key, you scoundrel, you have dishonored my home; you must die", and with a pistol repeatedly shot the unarmed Key.
Key was taken into the nearb... | 2.1875 | 0 |
1488262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akelarre | Akelarre | Akelarre is a Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath (a gathering of those practicing witchcraft). Akerra means male goat in the Basque language. Witches' sabbaths were envisioned as presided over by a goat.
The word has been loaned to Castilian Spanish (which uses the spelling Aquelarre). It has been used in Castilian ... | 2.703125 | 0 |
1488266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Clair%20Tunnel | St. Clair Tunnel | Steam locomotives were used in the early years to pull trains through the tunnel, however concerns about the potential dangers of suffocation should a train stall in the tunnel led to the installation of catenary wires for electric-powered locomotives by 1907. The first use of electric locomotives through the tunnel in... | 2.6875 | 0 |
1488309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atemajac%20de%20Brizuela | Atemajac de Brizuela | Atemajac de Brizuela is a municipality and small town in the southeast sierra of Jalisco, Mexico, 64 km southwest of Guadalajara, between Highways 80 and 401. The municipality had a population of 6,367 in 2014.
The town received some notice in July 2008 in the nationally syndicated American comic strip Gil Thorp as th... | 1.929688 | 0 |
1488309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atemajac%20de%20Brizuela | Atemajac de Brizuela | The municipality of Atemajac de Brizuela borders to the north with the municipalities of Cocula, Villa Corona, Zacoalco de Torres; to the east with the municipalities of Zacoalco de Torres, Techaluta de Montenegro; to the south with the municipalities of Techaluta de Montenegro, Tapalpa and Chiquilistlán; to the west w... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20ventricles | Lateral ventricles | The lateral ventricles are the two largest ventricles of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid. Each cerebral hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle, known as the left or right lateral ventricle, respectively.
Each lateral ventricle resembles a C-shaped cavity that begins at an inferior horn in the temporal lobe,... | 3.296875 | 0 |
1488311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20ventricles | Lateral ventricles | Between the inferior horn and the main body of the ventricle is the putamen, which emerges from the head of the caudate nucleus, and sits above the tapetum; a small number of further connections passing through the occipital tapetum to join the putamen to portions of the caudate nucleus tail adjoining the anterior horn... | 2.8125 | 0 |
1488311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20ventricles | Lateral ventricles | Body of the lateral ventricle
The body of the lateral ventricle, or central part is the part of the ventricle between the anterior horn and the trigone. Its roof is bound by the tapetum of the corpus callosum - and is separated medially from the other lateral ventricle by the septum pellucidum. The tail of the caudat... | 2.75 | 0 |
1488311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20ventricles | Lateral ventricles | The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, or temporal horn, is the largest of the horns. It extends anteriorly from the atrium beneath the thalamus and terminates at the amygdala. The collateral eminence and hippocampus form the floor, which is separated from the hippocampus by a white matter layer called the alveus,... | 2.703125 | 0 |
1488320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication%20theorem | No-communication theorem | In physics, the no-communication theorem (also referred to as the no-signaling principle) is a no-go theorem in quantum information theory. It asserts that during the measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is impossible for one observer to transmit information to another observer, regardless of their spatial sep... | 2.25 | 0 |
1488363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asor | Asor | The asor ( ʿasor; from עשר eśer, meaning "ten") was a musical instrument "of ten strings" mentioned in the Bible. There is little agreement on what sort of instrument it was or to what instruments it had similarities.
Biblical references
The word occurs only three times in the Bible, and has not been traced elsewhere.... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocaima | Tocaima | Tocaima () refers to both a city and a municipality in Cundinamarca, Colombia.
City
The city of Tocaima was founded on March 20, 1544 as San Dionisio de los Caballeros de Tocaima by the Spanish explorer Hernán Venegas Carrillo. This small city is most well known for being a warm vacation site during religious holidays... | 2.765625 | 0 |
1488377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20%28satellite%20program%29 | Proton (satellite program) | Proton () ('proton') was a Soviet series of four cosmic ray and elementary particle detecting satellites. Orbited 1965–68, three on test flights of the UR-500 ICBM and one on a Proton-K rocket, all four satellites completed their missions successfully, the last reentering the Earth's atmosphere in 1969.
Background
Th... | 2.5 | 0 |
1488377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20%28satellite%20program%29 | Proton (satellite program) | After the end of the run of UR-500 test launches, the rocket (now designated Proton) and its successors were largely employed in the launch of the Zond lunar spacecraft. However, on 16 November 1968 11:40 UTC, the final and much larger Proton 4 was launched into orbit via Proton-K rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 8... | 2.46875 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | A sump pump is a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in a water-collecting sump basin, commonly found in the basements of homes and other buildings, and in other locations where water must be removed, such as construction sites. The water may enter via the perimeter drains of a basement waterproofing system... | 2.84375 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | Sump pump systems are also utilized in industrial and commercial applications to control water table-related problems in surface soil. An artesian aquifer or periodic high water table situation can cause the ground to become unstable due to water saturation. As long as the pump functions, the surface soil will remain s... | 2.515625 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | Alternatively, the municipal pressurized water supply powers some pumps, which can operate using a water turbine, or by using the Venturi effect. This design eliminates the need for electricity but consumes potable water, potentially making it more expensive to operate than electrical pumps and creating an additional w... | 2.578125 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | Pump selection
Selection of a sump pump may consider:
Automatic vs. manual operation – pump may be controlled automatically by a level switch.
Power – Sump pump motive power will vary from 1/4 horsepower to multiple horsepower.
Head pressure – The hydraulic head pressure of a sump pump describes the maximum height ... | 2.53125 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | Alternative sump pump systems can be driven by municipal water pressure. Water-powered ejector pumps have a separate pump, float and check valve. The float controlling a backup pump is mounted in the sump pit above the normal high water mark. Under normal conditions, the main electric powered sump pump will handle all... | 2.609375 | 0 |
1488382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump%20pump | Sump pump | When examining a sump pump and cleaning it, dirt, gravel, sand, and other loose debris should be removed to increase efficiency and extend the life of the pump. These obstructions can decrease the pump's ability to drain the sump, and can allow the sump to overflow. The check valve can also jam from the debris. Periodi... | 2.265625 | 0 |
1488394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Puebla%20%281847%29 | Siege of Puebla (1847) | Following the Battle of Chapultepec, Santa Anna withdrew his forces from Mexico City, leading a portion in an attempt to take Puebla and cut off Scott's supply route from Veracruz. The siege of Puebla began the same day Mexico City fell to Winfield Scott and lasted for 28 days before a relief force fought its way into ... | 2.53125 | 0 |
1488402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper is a non-profit environmental organization dedicated to the protection of the Hudson River and its tributaries, as well as the watersheds that provide New York City with its drinking water. It started out as the Hudson River Fisherman's Association (HRFA) in 1966. In 1986, the group merged with the Hudson R... | 2.5 | 0 |
1488402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper has advocated for the closure of the Indian Point nuclear power plant. Riverkeeper argued that the power plant killed fish by taking in river water for cooling and that the power plant could cause "apocalyptic damage" if attacked by terrorists. Riverkeeper argued that the electricity provided by Indian Poin... | 2.21875 | 0 |
1488402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper | Action on drinking water
Riverkeeper became a key player in the 1997 Watershed Memorandum of Agreement, which obligated New York City to spend $1 billion over 10 years to ensure the safety of its water supply and forestalled a federal order that would have forced the city to build a $6 billion filtration plant.
In th... | 2.703125 | 0 |
1488402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverkeeper | Riverkeeper | Action on water pollution
Riverkeeper studies the water quality of the Hudson. The river water is measured for salinity, oxygen, temperature, suspended sediment, chlorophyll and sewage. As of 2008, it is estimated that each year New York City's 460 Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) dump more than 27 billion gallons of ... | 2.984375 | 0 |
1488411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formosa%20Plastics%20Group | Formosa Plastics Group | FPG's naphtha cracker – the sixth petrochemical processing plant of that kind in Taiwan – was first proposed in 1973, but the ruling KMT government still imposed a monopoly at that time and denied permission. Permission was granted in 1986, as President Chiang Ching-kuo instituted reforms to loosen the authoritarianis... | 2.3125 | 0 |
1488415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20G.%20Sebold | William G. Sebold | William G. Sebold (; March 10, 1899 – February 16, 1970) was a German-born United States citizen who was coerced into becoming a spy when he visited Germany after being pressured by several high-ranking Nazi members. He informed the American Consul General in Cologne before leaving Germany and became a double agent for... | 2.140625 | 0 |
1488415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20G.%20Sebold | William G. Sebold | With the assistance of the FBI, "Harry Sawyer" was able to obtain an office in Times Square for a company under the name "Diesel Research Company". This office provided a seemingly safe space where Nazi spies felt comfortable meeting with and discussing their plans with Sebold. The office also allowed spies to send let... | 2.25 | 0 |
1488415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20G.%20Sebold | William G. Sebold | At their first meeting, Duquesne was extremely worried about the possibility of listening devices in Sebold's office. He gave Sebold a note suggesting that they should talk elsewhere. After relocating to an automat, the two men exchanged information about members of the German espionage system with whom they had been i... | 2.390625 | 0 |
1488422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%20tone%20system | Arab tone system | The modern Arab tone system, or system of musical tuning, is based upon the theoretical division of the octave into twenty-four equal divisions or 24-tone equal temperament, the distance between each successive note being a quarter tone (50 cents). Each tone has its own name not repeated in different octaves, unlike sy... | 3.203125 | 0 |
1488424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Chelomey | Vladimir Chelomey | Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey or Chelomei (, ; 30 June 1914 – 8 December 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union. He invented the first Soviet pulse jet engine and was responsible for developing the world's first anti-ship cruise missiles and the ICBM program of the S... | 2.3125 | 0 |
1488424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Chelomey | Vladimir Chelomey | In the summer of 1944, it became known that Nazi Germany used V-1 cruise missiles against Southern England. On 9 October 1944, following a decision by the USSR State Defense Committee and People's Commissar for Aviation Industry Alexey Shakhurin, Chelomey was appointed the Director and Chief Designer of Plant N51 (its ... | 2.5 | 0 |
1488424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Chelomey | Vladimir Chelomey | Chelomey became Sergey Korolev's internal competitor in the "Moon race". Chelomey proposed that the powerful UR-500 be used to launch a small two-man craft on a lunar flyby, and managed to gain support for his proposal by employing Nikita Khrushchev's son, Sergei Khrushchev. He also claimed the UR-500 could be used to ... | 2.375 | 0 |
1488448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite%20coal%20strike%20of%201902 | Anthracite coal strike of 1902 | On May 12, 1902, the anthracite miners voting in Scranton, Pennsylvania, went out on strike. The maintenance employees, who had much steadier jobs and did not face the special dangers of underground work, walked out on June 2. The union had the support of roughly eighty percent of the workers in this area, or more than... | 2.46875 | 0 |
1488448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite%20coal%20strike%20of%201902 | Anthracite coal strike of 1902 | Roosevelt convened a conference of representatives of government, labor, and management on October 3, 1902. The union considered the mere holding of a meeting to be tantamount to union recognition and took a conciliatory tone. The owners told Roosevelt that strikers had killed over 20 men and that he should use the pow... | 2.671875 | 0 |
1488448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite%20coal%20strike%20of%201902 | Anthracite coal strike of 1902 | The first casualty occurred July 1. An immigrant striker named Anthony Giuseppe was found fatally shot near a Lehigh Valley Coal Company colliery in Old Forge. It was thought the Coal and Iron Police guarding the site shot blindly through a fence. Street fighting in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania on July 30 between a mob o... | 2.40625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Agroforestry (also known as agro-sylviculture or forest farming) is a land use management system that integrates trees with crops or pasture. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies. As a polyculture system, an agroforestry system can produce timber and wood products, fruits, nuts, other edible plant product... | 3.28125 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | History and scientific study
The term “agroforestry” was coined in 1973 by Canadian forester John Bene, but the concept includes agricultural practices that have existed for millennia.
Scientific agroforestry began in the 20th century with ethnobotanical studies carried out by anthropologists. However, indigenous comm... | 2.96875 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Agroforestry is important for biodiversity for different reasons. It provides a more diverse habitat than a conventional agricultural system in which the tree component creates ecological niches for a wide range of organisms both above and below ground. The life cycles and food chains associated with this diversificati... | 3.34375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Sustainability
Agroforestry systems can provide ecosystem services which can contribute to sustainable agriculture in the following ways:
Diversification of agricultural products, such as fuelwood, medicinal plants, and multiple crops, increases income security
Increased food security and nutrition by restored soil ... | 3.109375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Adaptation to climate change
Agroforestry can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation along with adaptation benefits. A case study in Kenya found that the adoption of agroforestry drove carbon storage and increased livelihoods simultaneously among small-scale farmers. In this case, maintaining the divers... | 3.234375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Kuojtakiloyan is a Masehual term that means 'useful forest' or 'forest that produces', and it is an agroforestry system developed and maintained by indigenous peoples of the Sierra Norte of the State of Puebla, Mexico. It has become a vital fountain of resources (food, medicinal herbs, fuels, floriculture, etc.) for th... | 2.90625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Crop-over-tree systems
Crop-over-tree systems employ woody perennials in the role of a cover crop. For this, small shrubs or trees pruned to near ground level are utilized. The purpose is to increase in-soil nutrients and/or to reduce soil erosion.
Intercropping and alley cropping
With alley cropping, crop strips al... | 3.015625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | The system relies heavily on several processes:
Dense planting mixing perennial and annual crops
Rapid cutting and composting of fast growing pioneer species, to accumulate nutrients and biomass
Creating greater water retention on the land through improving penetration of water into soil and plant water cycling
Th... | 2.984375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | In Africa
A project to mitigate climate change with agriculture was launched in 2019 by the "Global EverGreening Alliance". The target is to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. By 2050 the restored land should sequestrate 20 billion tons of carbon annually
Shamba (Swahili for 'plantation') is an agroforestry system... | 3.0625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | The Inga is used as hedges and pruned when large enough to provide a mulch in which bean and corn seeds are planted. This results in both improving crop yields and the retention of soil fertility on the plot that is being farmed. Hands had seen the devastating consequences that are caused by slash and burn agriculture ... | 2.625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | The crops grow, fed by the mulch. The crops feed on the lower layers while the latest prunings form a protective layer over the soil and roots, shielding them from both the hot sun and heavy rain. This makes it possible for the roots of both the crops and the trees to stay to a considerable extent in the top layer of ... | 3.171875 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | History
Since prehistoric times, hunter-gatherers might have influenced forests, for instance in Europe by Mesolithic people bringing favored plants like hazel with them. Forest gardens are probably the world's oldest form of land use and most resilient agroecosystem. First Nation villages in Alaska with forest garden... | 2.875 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Following Hart's adoption of a raw vegan diet for health and personal reasons, he replaced his farm animals with plants. The three main products from a forest garden are fruit, nuts and green leafy vegetables. He created a model forest garden from a 0.12 acre (500 m2) orchard on his farm and intended naming his gardeni... | 2.9375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | In Canada Richard Walker has been developing and maintaining food forests in British Columbia for over 30 years. He developed a three-acre food forest that at maturity provided raw materials for a plant nursery and herbal business as well as food for his family. The Living Centre has developed various forest garden pro... | 2.828125 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | In 1929, J. Russell Smith, Emeritus Professor of Economic Geography at Columbia University, published "Tree Crops – A Permanent Agriculture" which stated that crop-yielding trees could provide useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programs, as well as conserve environmental health. Toyohiko Kagawa read and w... | 3.015625 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | 4. Wildcrafting is the harvesting of naturally growing NTFPs. It is not considered a forest farming practice since there is no human involvement in the plant’s establishment and maintenance. However, wildcrafters often take steps to protect NTFPs with future harvests in mind. It becomes agroforestry once forest thinnin... | 2.59375 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost, sustainable land restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor subsistence farmers in developing countries by increasing food and timber production, and resilience to climate extremes. It involves the systematic regeneration and management... | 2.96875 | 0 |
1488463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry | Agroforestry | FMNR complements the evergreen agriculture, conservation agriculture and agroforestry movements. It is considered a good entry point for resource-poor and risk-averse farmers to adopt a low-cost and low-risk technique. This in turn has acted as a stepping stone to greater agricultural intensification as farmers become ... | 2.828125 | 0 |
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