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959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | Routes
AirTrain JFK connects the airport's terminals and parking areas with the Howard Beach and Jamaica stations. It runs entirely within the New York City borough of Queens. The system consists of three routes: two connecting the terminals with either the Howard Beach or Jamaica stations, and one route looping conti... | 2.46875 | 0 |
959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | The Jamaica Train route (colored red on the official map) begins and ends at the Jamaica station, adjacent to the Long Island Rail Road platforms there. The Jamaica station contains a connection to the Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport station on the New York City Subway's . The AirTrain and LIRR stations con... | 2.234375 | 0 |
959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | All the stations have island platforms except for Federal Circle, which has a bi-level split platform layout. The Jamaica and Howard Beach stations are designed as "gateway stations" to give passengers the impression of entering the airport. There are also stations at Lefferts Boulevard, as well as Terminals 1, 4, 5, 7... | 2.359375 | 0 |
959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | The elevated sections were built with precast single and dual guideway spans, the underground sections used cut-and-cover. The ground-level sections, including the train yards, used concrete ties and ballast trackbeds. The single guideway viaducts carry one track each and are wide, while the double guideway viaducts c... | 2.5 | 0 |
959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | AirTrain JFK uses Innovia Metro ART 200 rolling stock and technology, similar to those used on the SkyTrain in Vancouver, the Everline in Yongin, and the Kelana Jaya Line in Kuala Lumpur. The computerized trains are fully automated and use a communications-based train control system with moving block signals to dynamic... | 2.390625 | 0 |
959422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20JFK | AirTrain JFK | Ridership
When AirTrain JFK was being planned, it was expected that 11,000 passengers per day would pay to ride the system between the airport and either Howard Beach or Jamaica, evenly split between employees and airline passengers. Projections also showed that 23,000 more daily passengers would use the AirTrain to t... | 2.8125 | 0 |
959434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirTrain%20%28San%20Francisco%20International%20Airport%29 | AirTrain (San Francisco International Airport) | AirTrain is a fully automated people mover at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) that opened on February 24, 2003. It operates 24 hours a day on two separate lines, covering a total of . The service charges no fares; it is funded by a fee charged to rental car customers. The system is located outside of the ster... | 1.960938 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | Exposure is often determined using a reflected-light exposure meter. The earliest meters measured overall average luminance; meter calibration was established to give satisfactory exposures for typical outdoor scenes. However, if the part of a scene that is metered includes large areas of unusually high or low reflecta... | 2.84375 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | In the Zone System, measurements are made of individual scene elements, and exposure is adjusted based on the photographer's knowledge of what is being metered: a photographer knows the difference between freshly fallen snow and a black horse, while a meter does not. Much has been written on the Zone System, but the co... | 3.390625 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | The ISO standard for black-and-white negative film, ISO 6:1993, specifies development criteria that may differ from those used in practical photography (previous standards, such as ANSI PH2.5-1979, also specified chemistry and development technique). Consequently, the Zone System practitioner often must determine the s... | 2.671875 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | For every combination of film, developer, and paper there is a "normal" development time that will allow a properly exposed negative to give a reasonable print. In many cases, this means that values in the print will display as recorded (e.g. Zone V as Zone V, Zone VI as Zone VI, and so on). In general, optimal negativ... | 2.390625 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | Because of color shifts, color film usually does not lend itself to variations in development time. Use of the Zone System with color film is similar to that with black-and-white roll film, except that the exposure range is somewhat less, so that there are fewer zones between black and white. The exposure scale of colo... | 2.46875 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | Greater scene contrast can be accommodated by making one or more exposures of the same scene using different exposure settings and then combining those images. It often suffices to make two exposures, one for the shadows, and one for the highlights; the images are then overlapped and blended appropriately, so that the ... | 2.6875 | 0 |
959455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20System | Zone System | Criticism has been raised on grounds that the Zone System obscures simple densitometry considerations by needlessly introducing its own terminology for otherwise trivial concepts. Noted photographer Andreas Feininger wrote in 1976,
Much of the difficulty may have resulted from Adams's early books, which he wrote witho... | 1.96875 | 0 |
959456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81apanka | Łapanka | Łapanka (; English: "roundup" or "catching") was the Polish name for a World War II practice in German-occupied Poland, whereby the German SS, Wehrmacht and Gestapo rounded up civilians on the streets of Polish cities. The civilians arrested were in most cases chosen at random from among passers-by or inhabitants of c... | 2.59375 | 0 |
959456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81apanka | Łapanka | The term was also used for describing the tactic of cordoning-off of streets, and the systematic searching of buildings. For men in their 20s and 30s, the only reliable defense against being taken away by the Nazis was the possession of an identity card (called Ausweis) certifying that the holder was employed by a Nazi... | 2.671875 | 0 |
959470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawiak | Pawiak | Pawiak () was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Congress Poland.
During the January 1863 Uprising, it served as a transfer camp for Poles sentenced by Imperial Russia to deportation to Siberia.
During the World War II German occupation of Poland, it was used by the Germans, and in 1944 it was destroyed in the Warsaw ... | 2.328125 | 0 |
959478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushyamitra%20Shunga | Pushyamitra Shunga | Pushyamitra Shunga (IAST: ) or Pushpamitra Shunga (IAST: ) (ruled ) was the founder and the first ruler of the Shunga Empire which he established to succeed the Maurya Empire. His original name was Puṣpaka or Puṣpamitra and the confusion between Puṣyamitra and Puṣpamitra arose because of the erroneous readings of 'p' a... | 2.65625 | 0 |
959478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushyamitra%20Shunga | Pushyamitra Shunga | Buddhist accounts
Buddhist texts claim that Pushyamitra cruelly persecuted the Buddhists. The earliest source to mention this is the 2nd Century CE text Ashokavadana (a part of Divyavadana). According to this account, Pushyamitra (described as the last Mauryan emperor) wanted to be famous. His ministers advised him th... | 2.984375 | 0 |
959478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushyamitra%20Shunga | Pushyamitra Shunga | The 16th-century Tibetan Buddhist historian Taranatha also states that Pushyamitra and his allies killed Buddhist monks and destroyed monasteries from madhyadesha (midland) to Jalandhara. These activities wiped out the Buddhist doctrine from the north, within five years.
Authenticity of Buddhist claims
Based on Budd... | 2.4375 | 0 |
959478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushyamitra%20Shunga | Pushyamitra Shunga | Others have expressed skepticism about the Buddhist claims of persecution by Pushyamitra. Étienne Lamotte points out that the Buddhist legends are not consistent about the location of Pushyamitra's anti-Buddhist campaign and his death. The Ashokavadana claims that Pushyamitra offered Roman dinaras as a reward for killi... | 1.984375 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Patients with volume depletion may complain of thirst, muscle cramps, and/or orthostatic hypotension. Severe hypovolemic shock can result in mesenteric and coronary ischemia that can cause abdominal or chest pain. Agitation, lethargy, or confusion may characterize brain mal-perfusion.
Dry mucous membranes, decreased s... | 2.03125 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Hemorrhagic shock is hypovolemic shock from blood loss. Traumatic injury is by far the most common cause of hemorrhagic shock, particularly blunt and penetrating trauma, followed by upper and lower gastrointestinal sources, such as gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. Other causes of hemorrhagic shock include bleed from an ect... | 2.5 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Gastrointestinal (GI) losses can occur via many different etiologies. The gastrointestinal tract usually secretes between 3 and 6 liters of fluid per day. However, most of this fluid is reabsorbed as only 100 to 200 mL are lost in the stool. Volume depletion occurs when the fluid ordinarily secreted by the GI tract can... | 2.65625 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Hemorrhagic shock is due to the depletion of intravascular volume through blood loss to the point of being unable to match the tissues' demand for oxygen. As a result, mitochondria are no longer able to sustain aerobic metabolism for the production of oxygen and switch to the less efficient anaerobic metabolism to meet... | 2.3125 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Recognizing the degree of blood loss via vital sign and mental status abnormalities is important. The American College of Surgeons Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) hemorrhagic shock classification links the amount of blood loss to expected physiologic responses in a healthy 70 kg patient. As total circulating blood ... | 2.484375 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Various laboratory values can be abnormal in hypovolemic shock. Patients can have increased BUN and serum creatinine as a result of pre-renal kidney failure. Hypernatremia or hyponatremia can result, as can hyperkalemia or hypokalemia.
Lactic acidosis can result from increased anaerobic metabolism. However, the effect... | 2.140625 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Similar to examining pulse pressure variation, measuring respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter as a measure of volume responsiveness has only been validated in patients without spontaneous breaths or arrhythmias.
Measuring the effect of passive leg raises on cardiac contractility by echo appears to be t... | 2.40625 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | The first step in managing hemorrhagic shock is recognition. Ideally, This should occur before the development of hypotension. Close attention should be paid to physiological responses to low-blood volume. Tachycardia, tachypnea, and narrowing pulse pressure may be the initial signs. Cool extremities and delayed capill... | 2.203125 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | The quantity, type of fluids to be used, and endpoints of resuscitation remain topics of much study and debate. For crystalloid resuscitation, normal saline and lactated ringers are the most commonly used fluids. Normal saline has the drawback of causing a non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to the hig... | 2.171875 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Damage control resuscitation is to occur in conjunction with prompt intervention to control the source of bleeding. Strategies may differ depending on proximity to definitive treatment.
For patients in hemorrhagic shock, early use of blood products over crystalloid resuscitation results in better outcomes. Balanced tr... | 2.34375 | 0 |
959491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovolemic%20shock | Hypovolemic shock | Trauma remains a leading cause of death worldwide with approximately half of these attributed to hemorrhage. In the United States in 2001, trauma was the third leading cause of death overall, and the leading cause of death in those aged 1 to 44 years. While trauma spans all demographics, it disproportionately affects t... | 2.53125 | 0 |
959504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wipers%20Times | The Wipers Times | The Wipers Times was a trench magazine that was published by British soldiers fighting in the Ypres Salient during the First World War.
In early 1916, the 12th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters stationed in the front line at Ypres, Belgium, came across an abandoned printing press. A sergeant who had been a printer in peac... | 2.09375 | 0 |
959551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office%20for%20Metropolitan%20Architecture | Office for Metropolitan Architecture | OMA in the 1980s
OMA's first major commissions were The Netherlands Dance Theatre (1981) in The Hague and IJ-Plein Urban planning (1981–1988) in Amsterdam. Due to change of location a second design for the Dance Theater was made in 1984. Once completed in 1987, the building received international attention. Although fu... | 2.265625 | 0 |
959572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Exchange%2C%20Manchester | Royal Exchange, Manchester | The Royal Exchange is a grade II listed building in Manchester, England. It is located in the city centre on the land bounded by St Ann's Square, Exchange Street, Market Street, Cross Street and Old Bank Street. The complex includes the Royal Exchange Theatre and the Royal Exchange Shopping Centre.
The Royal Exchange ... | 2.578125 | 0 |
959572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Exchange%2C%20Manchester | Royal Exchange, Manchester | Thomas Harrison designed the new exchange of 1809 at the junction of Market Street and Exchange Street. Harrison designed the exchange in the Classical style. It had two storeys above a basement and was constructed in Runcorn stone. The cost, £20,000, was paid for in advance by 400 members who bought £50 shares and pai... | 2.296875 | 0 |
959572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Exchange%2C%20Manchester | Royal Exchange, Manchester | The exchange was seriously damaged during World War II when it took a direct hit from a bomb during a German air raid in the Manchester Blitz at Christmas in 1940. Its interior was rebuilt with a smaller trading area. The top stages of the clock tower, which had been destroyed, were replaced in a simpler form. Trading ... | 2.4375 | 0 |
959572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Exchange%2C%20Manchester | Royal Exchange, Manchester | Theatre programme
The Royal Exchange gives an average of 350 performances a year of nine professional theatre productions. Performances by the theatre company are occasionally given in London or from a 400-seat mobile theatre.
The company performs a varied programme including classic theatre and revivals, contemporary... | 2.40625 | 0 |
959598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Mellte | River Mellte | Much of the river is accessible to walkers with both public footpaths and concessionary paths running beside the river and giving access to the various falls. Brecon Beacons National Park Authority has worked in conjunction with the Forestry Commission and the Countryside Council for Wales, and subsequently with their... | 2.015625 | 0 |
959605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy%20Wasowski | Jerzy Wasowski | Jerzy Ryszard Wasowski (31 May 1913 – 29 September 1984) was a Polish acoustics engineer, radio announcer, composer, pianist, actor and director. He was the son of Józef Wasowski and the husband of Maria Wasowska and the father of Grzegorz Wasowski. Together with Jeremi Przybora he created Kabaret Starszych Panów (Old ... | 2.03125 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | In the context of pesticides, derivatives of organophosphates such as organothiophosphates (P=S) or phosphorodiamidates (P-N) are included as being organophosphates. The reason is that these compound are converted into organophosphates biologically.
In biology the esters of diphosphoric acid and triphosphoric acid are... | 2.453125 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | P2O5 is the anhydride of phosphoric acid and acts similarly. The reaction yields equimolar amounts of di- and monoesters with no phosphoric acid. The process is mostly limited to primary alcohols, as secondary alcohols are prone to undesirable side reactions such as dehydration.
Oxidation of phosphite esters
Organopho... | 2.703125 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | Bonding
The bonding in organophosphates has been a matter of prolonged debate; the phosphorus atom is classically hypervalent, as it possesses more bonds than the octet rule should allow. The focus of debate is usually on the nature of the phosphoryl P=O bond, which displays (in spite of the common depiction) non-class... | 2.703125 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | Acidity
Phosphate esters bearing P-OH groups are acidic. The pKa of the first OH group is typically between 1-2, while the second OH deprotonates at a pKa between 6-7. As such, phosphate mono- and di-esters are negatively charged at physiological pH. This is of great practical importance, as it makes these compounds fa... | 2.78125 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | The majority of organophosphate insecticides are organothiophosphates (P=S) or phosphorodiamidates (P-N), both of which are significantly weaker acetylcholinesterase inhibitors than the corresponding phosphates (P=O). They are 'activated' biologically by the exposed organism, via oxidative conversion of P=S to P=O, hyd... | 2.71875 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | Surfactants
Mono- and di- phosphate esters of alcohols (or alcohol ethoxylates) act as surfactants (detergents). Although they are very common in biology as phospholipids, their industrial use is largely limited to certain niche areas. Compared to the more common sulfur-based anionic surfactants (such as LAS or SLES), ... | 2.390625 | 0 |
959629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate | Organophosphate | In nature
The detection of OPEs in the air as far away as Antarctica at concentrations around 1 ng/m3 suggests their persistence in air, and their potential for long-range transport. OPEs were measured in high frequency in air and water and widely distributed in northern hemisphere. The chlorinated OPEs (TCEP, TCIPP, ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
959642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Curtis%20%28athlete%29 | Thomas Curtis (athlete) | Thomas Pelham Curtis (January 9, 1873 – May 23, 1944) was an American athlete and the winner of the 110 metres hurdles at the 1896 Summer Olympics.
Curtis, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student of electrical engineering, travelled to Athens as a member of the Boston Athletic Association. Curtis was also a st... | 2.609375 | 0 |
959648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryuji%20Sasai | Ryuji Sasai | is a Japanese video game composer and bass guitarist. He is best known for his work on Xak, Final Fantasy Legend III and Final Fantasy Mystic Quest. His musical career came about when he was 15 years old, and he formed a band. Before entering the gaming industry, Sasai was involved in the anime department, scoring two ... | 1.976563 | 0 |
959652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams%20v.%20United%20States | Abrams v. United States | Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States upholding the criminal arrests of several defendants under the Sedition Act of 1918, which was an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917. The law made it a criminal offense to criticize the production of war materiel ... | 2.390625 | 0 |
959652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams%20v.%20United%20States | Abrams v. United States | Holmes wrote that, although the defendant's leaflets called for a cessation of weapons production, they had not violated the Sedition Act of 1918 because the leaflets did not display a criminal intent "to cripple or hinder the United States in the prosecution of the war" against Germany. The defendants were objecting o... | 2.171875 | 0 |
959652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams%20v.%20United%20States | Abrams v. United States | Holmes then turned to the value of speech that is critical of government, and the ability of those who disagree to react to that speech, without intervention by government or punishment of those with unpopular opinions. He argued that efforts to suppress opinions by force therefore contradict a fundamental principle of... | 1.9375 | 0 |
959652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams%20v.%20United%20States | Abrams v. United States | Those later cases were informed by the government's actions against its critics during World War II, at which time attitudes had changed since Abrams which was engendered by World War I. A key turning point was a Second Circuit opinion by Judge Learned Hand in U.S. v. Dennis in 1950, critiquing the clear and present da... | 2.34375 | 0 |
959655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20ap%20Catesby%20Jones | Thomas ap Catesby Jones | Thomas ap Catesby Jones (24 April 1790 – 30 May 1858) was an American naval officer who served during the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War.
Early life
Thomas ap Catesby Jones was born on 24 April 1790 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, to Catesby and Lettice (Turberville) Jones. The Jones family had originated... | 2.40625 | 0 |
959655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20ap%20Catesby%20Jones | Thomas ap Catesby Jones | In 1826, Commodore Jones while in command of the veteran sloop-of-war Peacock, signed treaties with the Kingdom of Tahiti and Hawaiian Kingdom. On September 6, 1826, Jones signed a treaty with Queen regent Pōmare Vahine on the behalf of the infant Pōmare III and other chiefs of Tahiti. On December 23, 1826, Jones signe... | 2.8125 | 0 |
959655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20ap%20Catesby%20Jones | Thomas ap Catesby Jones | Hearing that Royal Navy officer Lord George Paulet had occupied the Hawaiian Kingdom, he sailed there and arrived July 22, 1843. The king was restored July 31, and Jones tried to hasten peace by hosting all parties to dinner aboard his ship. In 1843, Jones returned a young deserter, Herman Melville, to the U.S. from th... | 2.546875 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | The word silhouette is derived from the name of Étienne de Silhouette, a French finance minister who, in 1759, was forced by France's credit crisis during the Seven Years' War to impose severe economic demands upon the French people, particularly the wealthy. Because of de Silhouette's austere economies, his name becam... | 3.1875 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | Recent research at Stanford University indicates that where previous studies of face recognition have been based on frontal views, studies with silhouettes show humans are able to extract accurate information about gender and age from the silhouette alone. This is an important concept for artists who design characters ... | 2.78125 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | The work of the physiognomist Johann Caspar Lavater, who used silhouettes to analyse facial types, is thought to have promoted the art. The 18th century silhouette artist August Edouart cut thousands of portraits in duplicate. His subjects included French and British nobility and US presidents. Much of his personal col... | 3 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | In the United States and the UK silhouette artists have websites advertising their services at weddings and other such functions. In England there is an active group of silhouette artists. In Australia, S. John Ross plied his scissors at agricultural shows for 60 years until his death in 2008. Other artists such as Dou... | 2.59375 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | Silhouette pictures sometimes appear in books of the early 20th century in conjunction with colour plates. (The colour plates were expensive to produce and each one was glued into the book by hand.) Illustrators who produced silhouette pictures at this time include Arthur Rackham and William Heath Robinson. In breaking... | 2.65625 | 0 |
959658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette | Silhouette | Silhouettes have also been used by recording artists in music videos. One example is the video for "Buttons" by The Pussycat Dolls, in which Nicole Scherzinger is seen in silhouette. Michael Jackson used his own distinctive silhouette both on stage and in videos such as "You Rock My World". Early iPod commercials portr... | 2.484375 | 0 |
959661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Swift | Operation Swift | Operation Swift was a military operation in the Vietnam War, launched by units of the U.S. 1st Marine Division to rescue two Marine companies which had been ambushed by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). The operation took place in the Quế Sơn Valley, beginning on 4 September 1967. In the ensuing battles, 127 Marines... | 2.484375 | 0 |
959664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid%20Atkinson | Sid Atkinson | Sidney James Montford Atkinson (14 March 1901 – 31 August 1977) was a South African athlete, winner of 110 m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
Career
Atkinson came onto the international athletics scene in 1922, when he ran the 110 m hurdles in 15.2 and the 400 m hurdles in 56.5. He was also a notable long jumper.... | 2.046875 | 0 |
959674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Wise%20%28composer%29 | David Wise (composer) | David Wise is a British video game music composer and musician. He was a composer at Rare from 1985 to 2009, and he was the company's sole musician up until 1994. He has gained a dedicated following for his work on various games, particularly Nintendo's Donkey Kong Country series. Wise is known for his atmospheric styl... | 1.90625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | "Doctor" is a self-selected alias. In episodes specifically under showrunner Steven Moffat, the story arcs surrounding events in the Doctor's future implied serious consequences in the event of the Doctor's true name being spoken, with the nature of these finally revealed in "The Time of the Doctor". Spin-off media off... | 2.34375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In other media, more has been revealed of the Doctor's early life. In the Past Doctor Adventures novel Divided Loyalties, the Doctor recalls his Academy years in a dream induced by the Celestial Toymaker. According to this, he was a member of an organisation called the Deca, ten brilliant Academy students campaigning f... | 2.15625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Feeling that too much of the Doctor's backstory had been revealed by the Seventh Doctor's era, writers Andrew Cartmel, Ben Aaronovitch and Marc Platt developed a new direction for the series. Cartmel wished to restore the character's "awe, mystery and strength" and make him "once again more than a mere chump of a Time ... | 2.109375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Other than Tecteun and Susan Foreman, his granddaughter with whom he travelled during the first two seasons and who has been mentioned occasionally since, references to the Doctor's other families (adopted or not) are rare in the programme. In The Tomb of the Cybermen, when asked about his family, the Second Doctor sa... | 2.03125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In spin-off media, several individuals related to the Doctor have made appearances, and do not appear in the television series, such as his grandchildren John and Gillian, who appeared alongside the First and Second Doctors in comics and annuals. Two different, conflicting accounts exist on the descendants of Susan aft... | 2.109375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In "The End of Time", the Tenth Doctor mentions marrying Queen Elizabeth I and implies that they had sex, stating: "her nickname is no longer [the Virgin Queen]...". The joke continues in "The Beast Below", featuring future British monarch Queen Elizabeth X or Liz Ten, and the marriage is finally shown in "The Day of t... | 2.015625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The 2013 mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor", released as a prelude to the 50th anniversary special, featured Paul McGann reprising his role as the Eighth Doctor and was set during the Last Great Time War, albeit much earlier than during "The End of Time". The mini-episode presented him as a conscientious objector t... | 1.984375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The character of the Doctor was created by BBC Head of Drama, Sydney Newman. The first format document for the programme that was to become Doctor Who – then provisionally titled The Troubleshooters – was written in March 1963 by C. E. Webber, a staff writer who had been brought in to help develop the project. Webber's... | 2.453125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The character was first portrayed by William Hartnell in 1963. At the programme's beginning, nothing at all is known of the Doctor: not even his name, the actual form of which remains a mystery. In the first serial, An Unearthly Child, two teachers from Coal Hill School in London, Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton, bec... | 2.015625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Although Time Lords resemble humans, their physiology differs in key respects. Like other members of their race, the Doctor has two hearts (binary vascular system), a "respiratory bypass system" that allows the Doctor to go without air, an internal body temperature of 15–16 °C (60 °F) and occasionally exhibits a super-... | 2.484375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The Doctor has shown a resistance to temporal effects and has demonstrated telepathic ability, both the ability to mentally connect to other incarnations of themselves they have encountered ("The Five Doctors"), and an ability to enter into the memories of other individuals ("The Girl in the Fireplace"). The Doctor can... | 2.3125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In his final serial, the Second Doctor states that Time Lords can live forever, "barring accidents". When "accidents" do occur, Time Lords can usually regenerate into a new body. It is stated in The Deadly Assassin that Time Lords can only regenerate a total of twelve times, giving a theoretical final total of thirteen... | 2.046875 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The story arc running throughout the tenure of the Eleventh Doctor involved the oldest question in the universe, revealed in "The Wedding of River Song" to be "Doctor who?", giving the phrase in-universe significance. In "The Name of the Doctor", the Doctor's real name was revealed to be the password used to enter the ... | 2 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In "Twice Upon a Time", before regeneration the Twelfth Doctor states that no one would ever understand his name except for children, saying: "If their hearts are in the right place and the stars are too, children can hear your name." Peter Capaldi offered his own theory regarding the Doctor's real name, commenting: "I... | 2 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In The Mutants (1972), an official asks the Third Doctor if he is, in fact, a doctor, to which the Doctor replies "I am, yes"; when asked what he is qualified in, the Doctor replies, "Practically everything." The Fourth Doctor states that his companion, Harry Sullivan, is a doctor of medicine, while he is "a doctor of ... | 2 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The revived programme establishes that Time Lords invent their own names. In "The Sound of Drums" (2007), the Tenth Doctor remarks to the Master that they both chose their names, with the Master calling him sanctimonious for identifying himself as "the man who makes people better". The Eleventh Doctor, in "The Name of ... | 2.0625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In The Wheel in Space (1968), his companion Jamie McCrimmon, reading the name on medical equipment, tells the crew of the Wheel that the Doctor's name is "John Smith". The Doctor subsequently adopts this alias numerous times over the course of the programme, sometimes prefixing the title "Doctor" to it.
In the audio a... | 1.9375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The recasting of actors playing the part of the Doctor is explained within the programme by the Time Lords' ability to regenerate after suffering illness, mortal injury or old age. The process repairs all damage and rejuvenates the Doctor's body, but as a side effect it changes the Doctor's physical appearance and pers... | 2.234375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Personality
While the Doctor remains essentially the same person throughout their regenerations, each actor has purposely imbued the character with distinct quirks and characteristics, and the production teams dictate new personality traits for each actor to portray.
Several personality traits remain constant througho... | 2.09375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Accent
Different actors have used different regional accents in the role. The first six Doctors spoke in Received Pronunciation or "BBC English", as was standard on British television at the time. Sylvester McCoy used a very mild version of his own Scottish accent in the role, and Paul McGann spoke with a faint Liverpu... | 2.265625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | It was established in The Deadly Assassin (1976) that a Time Lord can regenerate twelve times before permanently dying – a total of thirteen incarnations. The series depicted exceptions to the rule, such as "The Five Doctors" showing that the Time Lords can circumvent the cap of 12 regenerations in total by giving a Ti... | 2.3125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In the case of the Doctor, his regenerations are usually a result of a previous incarnation sustaining mortal injury, though he can regenerate from old age and was once forced to regenerate by the Time Lords. A common side effect the Doctor frequently experiences is a period of instability and partial amnesia following... | 1.953125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In the BBC Series 4 FAQ, writer Russell T Davies suggested that as the Time Lords were killed in the time war, the Doctor could be able to regenerate indefinitely. In "Journey's End", the Tenth Doctor manages to avert his own regeneration by using some of the energy to heal himself, then channeling the remaining energy... | 1.914063 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Due to time travel, it is possible for the Doctor's various incarnations to encounter and interact with each other, although supposedly prohibited by the First Law of Time (as stated in The Three Doctors) or permitted only in the "gravest of emergencies" ("The Five Doctors"). In the 1963–1989 television programme, such... | 2.015625 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | The BBC novel The Eight Doctors was written by respected Doctor Who writer Terrance Dicks, the same author who wrote "The Five Doctors". In it, he tries to reconcile the continuity errors of the 1996 movie, while having the Eighth Doctor meet and interact with each of his previous selves, although the Eighth Doctor vis... | 1.9375 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Russell T Davies has expressed a dislike for stories in which multiple incarnations of the Doctor meet, stating that he believes they focus more on the actors than on the story itself. In 2007, David Tennant showed enthusiasm for the idea of a multi-Doctor story but expressed doubts about the practicality of episodes i... | 1.945313 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | Later, the Eleventh Doctor entered his own timeline in "The Name of the Doctor" to rescue his companion Clara Oswald, and while there observed a past incarnation portrayed by John Hurt, one whose actions caused him to be unworthy of the name "Doctor" and viewed as shameful by his future selves. In the 50th anniversary ... | 2.03125 | 0 |
959699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doctor | The Doctor | In addition to the above, Bradley, Tom Baker, Davison, Colin Baker, McCoy, McGann, Hurt, Eccleston and Tennant have reprised the role in audio dramas from Big Finish Productions.
Age
In early production documents, the Doctor was said to be 650 years old, although this was never stated on screen. By the time the Docto... | 2.171875 | 0 |
959718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Hasted | Edward Hasted | Edward Hasted (20 December 1732 OS (31 December 1732 NS) – 14 January 1812) was an English antiquarian and pioneering historian of his ancestral home county of Kent. As such, he was the author of a major county history, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent (1778–99).
Life
Hasted was born in Lomba... | 2.15625 | 0 |
959732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derby%20Hall%2C%20Bury | Derby Hall, Bury | The Derby Hall is a Victorian neo-classical building situated on Market Street in the centre of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
History
The Derby Hall was built in the late 1840s at the instigation of Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. It was designed by Sydney Smirke, an ar... | 2.390625 | 0 |
959737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galina%20Ustvolskaya | Galina Ustvolskaya | Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya ( , was a Russian composer of classical music.
Known as ‘the lady with the hammer’, her music has been described as demanding “everything from the performer", uncompromising in her trademark textured homophonic blocks of sound. Ustvolskaya created her own unique style, characterized by unu... | 2.296875 | 0 |
959737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galina%20Ustvolskaya | Galina Ustvolskaya | The exact nature of her relationship with Shostakovich has been unclear. In an interview for the TV program Tsarskaya Lozha, which celebrated Ustvolskaya's 80th birthday, she said, "It is sad that Shostakovich and myself were not ‘soul mates’; I know that he liked me and always treated me with respect, but I never reci... | 1.992188 | 0 |
959737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galina%20Ustvolskaya | Galina Ustvolskaya | From 1947 till 1977 she taught composition at Leningrad Conservatory. She allegedly spent time working in a military hospital during this period as well. She taught her students to write polyphonically and contrapuntally, showing them works from Mahler, Stravinsky, and her previous teacher Shostakovich. Her students we... | 2.3125 | 0 |
959737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galina%20Ustvolskaya | Galina Ustvolskaya | It has long been speculated that Ustvolskaya hid or destroyed compositions that did not meet the government's expectations of socialist realism for music, however she stated in an interview with biographer Olga Gladkova - whose book "Galina Ustvolskaya: Music as Obsession" seemingly has a controversial reputation among... | 1.96875 | 0 |
959741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Doctor%20Who | History of Doctor Who | In December, Canadian-born Sydney Newman arrived at BBC Television as the new Head of Drama. Newman was a science fiction fan who had overseen several such productions in his previous positions at ABC Weekend TV and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In March 1963, he was made aware by Baverstock – now promoted to ... | 2.40625 | 0 |
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