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train · 1.04M rows

id stringlengths 2 8	url stringlengths 31 381	title stringlengths 1 211	text stringlengths 1.02k 2.05k	edu_quality float64 1.91 4.03
961609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Koshetz	Alexander Koshetz	After World War I, Koshetz was the co-founder and conductor of the Ukrainian Republic Capella (later renamed Ukrainian National Chorus). The choir toured Europe and the Americas in 1919–1924 and 1926–27, in support of the international Ukrainian community. In 1917 Koshetz married a former student and singer in his ch...	2.546875
961610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison%20Lurie	Alison Lurie	Alison Stewart Lurie (September 3, 1926December 3, 2020) was an American novelist and academic. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her 1984 novel Foreign Affairs. Although better known as a novelist, she wrote many non-fiction books and articles, particularly on children's literature and the semiotics of dress...	2.1875
961616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSI%20%28computational%20chemistry%29	PSI (computational chemistry)	Psi is an ab initio computational chemistry package originally written by the research group of Henry F. Schaefer, III (University of Georgia). Utilizing Psi, one can perform a calculation on a molecular system with various kinds of methods such as Hartree-Fock, Post-Hartree–Fock electron correlation methods, and densi...	2.1875
961621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Rondeau	Jim Rondeau	Jim Rondeau (born April 6, 1959) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1999 to 2016, and served as cabinet minister in the provincial governments of Gary Doer and Greg Selinger from 2003 to 2013. Rondeau is a member of the New Democratic Party. Ro...	2.078125
961621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Rondeau	Jim Rondeau	In December 2003, Rondeau announced that Manitoba would ban all smoking from indoor public places and workplaces within a year. The initiative was described as the most ambitious anti-smoking strategy in Canada, and a February 2004 poll showed that many smokers were considering quitting in light of the ban. Rondeau in...	2.125
961624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin%20Airlift%20Device	Berlin Airlift Device	The Berlin Airlift Device is miniature gold airplane that was awarded for wear on occupation medals and ribbons issued to United States Armed Forces service personnel for participation in or in direct support of, the Berlin airlift during the Cold War. History The Berlin Airlift Device is awarded for service of 92 con...	2.3125
961633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Creek%20Lake	Deep Creek Lake	Deep Creek Lake is a man-made reservoir in the U.S. state of Maryland. It has an area of , a shoreline length of , and a volume of . The lake is home to a wide variety of aquatic life, such as freshwater fish and aquatic birds. Along with the nearby Wisp Ski Resort, the lake is a popular regional vacation and tourism d...	2.328125
961659	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Bulge%20%281965%20film%29	Battle of the Bulge (1965 film)	Historical inaccuracies The film's opening narration by William Conrad inaccurately states, "To the north stood Montgomery's Eighth Army...." In fact, the British Eighth Army, Montgomery's previous command, was in Italy at the time; Montgomery's northern command was the 21st Army Group. The narration continued, "...To...	2.109375
961664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero%20A.10	Aero A.10	The Aero Letňany A.10 was a biplane airliner produced in Czechoslovakia shortly after World War I. It was the first commercial aircraft to be built in Czechoslovakia and was known as the Ae-10 Limousine. It was designed by Husnik and Vlasak and was intended to meet the growing need for aerial communication to and from ...	2
961677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krytron	Krytron	The krytron is a cold-cathode gas-filled tube intended for use as a very high-speed switch, somewhat similar to the thyratron. It consists of a sealed glass tube with four electrodes. A small triggering pulse on the grid electrode switches the tube on, allowing a large current to flow between the cathode and anode elec...	2.5
961677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krytron	Krytron	Sprytrons are evacuated to hard vacuum, typically 0.001 Pa. As kovar and other metals are somewhat permeable to hydrogen, especially during the 600 °C bake-out before evacuation and sealing, all external metal surfaces must be plated with a thick (25 microns or more) layer of soft gold. The same metallization is used f...	2.125
961680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan%20tapir	Malayan tapir	The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir, oriental tapir, Indian tapir, piebald tapir, or black-and-white tapir, is the only living tapir species outside of the Americas. It is native to Southeast Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN R...	3.21875
961680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan%20tapir	Malayan tapir	The Malayan tapir is the largest of the four extant tapir species and grows to between in length, not counting a stubby tail of only in length, and stands tall. It typically weighs between , although some adults can weigh up to . The females are usually larger than the males. Like other tapir species, it has a small...	3.4375
961680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan%20tapir	Malayan tapir	Distribution and habitat The Malayan tapir lives throughout the tropical lowland rainforests of Southeast Asia, including Sumatra in Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Pleistocene fossils were found in Java and other locations accompanied by herbivores more typical of grasslands, indicating that it...	3.25
961680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan%20tapir	Malayan tapir	The gestation period of the Malayan tapir is about 390–395 days, after which a single calf is born that weighs around . Malayan tapirs are the largest of the four tapir species at birth and tend to grow more quickly than their relatives. Young tapirs of all species have brown hair with white stripes and spots, a patter...	3.515625
961694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Jos%C3%A9%20Gervasio%20Artigas%20%28Washington%2C%20D.C.%29	Statue of José Gervasio Artigas (Washington, D.C.)	General Jose Gervasio Artigas is a bronze statue, in Washington, DC, capital of the United States, at the intersection of Constitution Avenue and Virginia Avenue, at 18th Street. It is one of a set called the Statues of the Liberators. José Artigas was a 19th-century general, sometimes called "the father of Uruguayan i...	2.078125
961695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Democratic%20Party%20%28Australia%29	Christian Democratic Party (Australia)	Education and health The Christian Democratic Party believe that parental input in a child's education plus writing, reading and arithmetic are the basis of a good education system. They also support Special Religious Education (SRE). CDP believes that Health Care "should be available, accessible and affordable". Env...	2.390625
961703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dublin%20postal%20districts	List of Dublin postal districts	Dublin postal districts have been used by Ireland's postal service, known as An Post, to sort mail in Dublin. The system is similar to that used in cities in Europe and North America until they adopted national postal code systems in the 1960s and 1970s. These were incorporated into a new national postcode system, know...	2.609375
961757	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uesugi%20Kagekatsu	Uesugi Kagekatsu	was a Japanese samurai daimyō during the Sengoku and Edo periods. He was the adopted son of Uesugi Kenshin and Uesugi Kagetora’s brother in law. Early life and rise Kagekatsu was the son of Nagao Masakage, the head of the Ueda Nagao clan and husband of Uesugi Kenshin's elder sister, Aya-Gozen. After his father died, ...	2.28125
961757	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uesugi%20Kagekatsu	Uesugi Kagekatsu	Kagekatsu made friendly overtures to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and attacked Shibata Katsuie's northern outposts during the Shizugatake Campaign (1583) and went on to support Hideyoshi during the Komaki Campaign (1584), in which he played a limited role by launching a foray into Shinano. As a general under Toyotomi Hideyoshi...	2.53125
961760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20indigo%20snake	Eastern indigo snake	Description The eastern indigo snake has uniform blue-black dorsal scales, with some specimens having a reddish-orange to tan color on the throat, cheeks, and chin. This snake received its common name from the glossy iridescent dorsal and ventral scales which can be seen as blackish-purple in bright light. This smooth-...	2.796875
961760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20indigo%20snake	Eastern indigo snake	The eastern indigo snake was largely eliminated from northern Florida due to habitat loss and fragmentation. A restoration program is currently underway at Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve (ABRP) in northern Florida. The eastern indigo snake was last observed at ABRP in 1982, until 2017 when 12 snakes were rele...	2.46875
961760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20indigo%20snake	Eastern indigo snake	The eastern indigo snake is most abundant in the sandhill plant communities of Florida and Georgia. These communities are primarily scrub oak-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) with occasional live oak (Quercus virginiana), laurel oak (Q. laurifolia), Chapman's oak (Q. chapmanii), and myrtle oak (Q. myrtifolia). Other com...	2.71875
961760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20indigo%20snake	Eastern indigo snake	Food habits and behavior The eastern indigo snake is carnivorous, like all snakes, and will eat any other small animal it can overpower. It has been known to kill some of its prey by pressing the prey against nearby burrow walls. Captive specimens are frequently fed dead items to prevent injury to the snake from this v...	3.03125
961760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20indigo%20snake	Eastern indigo snake	Predators As an apex predator, indigo snakes have no natural predators. Instead, humans represent the biggest threat to the eastern indigo snake. Highway fatalities, wanton killings, and overcollection for the pet trade adversely affect indigo snake populations. Snakes are taken illegally from the wild for the pet trad...	2.859375
961776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryavarman%20II	Suryavarman II	Suryavarman II (, UNGEGN: , ALA-LC: ), posthumously named Paramavishnuloka, was the ruler of the Khmer Empire from 1113 until his death in 1150. He is most famously known as the builder of Angkor Wat, the largest Hindu temple in the world, which he dedicated to Vishnu. His reign's monumental architecture, numerous mili...	2.53125
961776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryavarman%20II	Suryavarman II	During his decades in power, the king reunited the empire. Vassals paid him tribute. He staged large military operations in the east against the Chams, but these were largely unsuccessful. Inscriptions in the neighboring Indianized state of Champa and accounts left by writers in Đại Việt (Dai Viet), a Vietnamese precur...	2.46875
961776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryavarman%20II	Suryavarman II	In addition to war, Suryavarman practiced diplomacy, resuming formal relations with China in 1116 AD. A Chinese account of the 13th century says that the Khmer embassy had 14 members, who after reaching Chinese soil were given special court garments. “Scarcely have we arrived to contemplate anear your glory than we are...	2.84375
961776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryavarman%20II	Suryavarman II	Suryavarman II was the first Khmer king to be depicted in art. A bas-relief in the south gallery of Angkor Wat shows him seated on an elaborate wooden dais whose legs and railings are carved to resemble naga snakes. On his head is a pointed diadem, and his ears have pendants. He wears anklets, armlets and bracelets. Hi...	2.671875
961779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimLife	SimLife	SimLife: The Genetic Playground is a video game produced by Maxis in 1992. The concept of the game is to simulate an ecosystem; players may modify the genetics of the plants and animals that inhabit the virtual world. The point of this game is to experiment and create a self-sustaining ecosystem. SimLife was re-release...	2.390625
961796	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Wax%20%281953%20film%29	House of Wax (1953 film)	Production Filmed under the working title The Wax Works, House of Wax was Warner Bros.' answer to the surprise 3D hit Bwana Devil, an independent production that premiered in November 1952. Seeing promise in the future of 3D films, Warner Bros. contracted Julian and Milton Gunzburg's Natural Vision 3D system, the sam...	2.109375
961805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20of%20sets	Algebra of sets	In mathematics, the algebra of sets, not to be confused with the mathematical structure of an algebra of sets, defines the properties and laws of sets, the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for...	3
961805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20of%20sets	Algebra of sets	Two additional pairs of properties involve the special sets called the empty set and the universe set ; together with the complement operator ( denotes the complement of . This can also be written as , read as "A prime"). The empty set has no members, and the universe set has all possible members (in a particular con...	2.46875
961805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20of%20sets	Algebra of sets	As noted above, each of the laws stated in proposition 3 can be derived from the five fundamental pairs of laws stated above. As an illustration, a proof is given below for the idempotent law for union. Proof: The following proof illustrates that the dual of the above proof is the proof of the dual of the idempotent...	2.3125
961811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Kapleau	Philip Kapleau	Philip Kapleau (August 20, 1912 – May 6, 2004) was an American Zen Buddhist teacher. He trained in the Harada–Yasutani tradition, which is rooted in Japanese Sōtō and incorporates Rinzai-school koan study. He established Rochester Zen Center, which grew to become one of the most influential Zen communities in the West....	2.21875
961811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Kapleau	Philip Kapleau	According to James Ishmael Ford, "Kapleau had completed about half of the Harada-Yasutani kōan curriculum, the koans in the Gateless Gate and the Blue Cliff Record," and was entitled to teach, but did not receive dharma transmission. According to Andrew Rawlinson, "Kapleau has created his own Zen lineage." Kapleau's d...	2.109375
961816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Ryder	Robert Ryder	Captain Robert Edward Dudley Ryder (16 February 1908 – 29 June 1986) was a Royal Navy officer and a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He became a Conservative Member of Parliament after retiring from...	2.390625
961817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon%20Institute%20of%20Technology	Oregon Institute of Technology	The campus was transferred to its current location in 1964, followed by another name change to the Oregon Institute of Technology in 1973. In 2012, the Oregon Institute of Technology officially rebranded to its current name "Oregon Tech". Oregon Tech's four locations in the Portland metropolitan area were consolidated ...	2.15625
961850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retention%20rate	Retention rate	Retention rate is a statistical measurement of the proportion of people that remain involved with a group from one time period to another. The concept is used in many contexts, including marketing, investment, education, employee management, research, and clinical trials. The exact definition depends on the context. A...	2.703125
961851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepomis	Lepomis	Lepomis or true sunfish is a genus of North American freshwater fish from the family Centrarchidae in the order Centrarchiformes. The generic name Lepomis derives from the Greek ("scale") and ("cover", "plug", "operculum"). The genus' most recognizable species is perhaps the bluegill. Some Lepomis species can grow t...	2.78125
961851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepomis	Lepomis	Evolutionary history Phylogenetic reconstructions using a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences calibrated with fossils to estimate ages of divergences suggests that the genus Lepomis diverged from the black bass in genus Micropterus, its sister taxon, about 25 million years ago. The deepest split amon...	2.65625
961851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepomis	Lepomis	Two other more recent fossil species appear to be closely allied to Lepomis gulosus, and indeed their earliest occurrence may be close to the divergence of the lineage leading to the modern warmouth from other species of Lepomis: Lepomis kansasensis lived 6.6 million years ago, and had pterygoid teeth, indicating a cl...	2.453125
961852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltham%2C%20New%20Zealand	Eltham, New Zealand	Eltham is a small inland town in South Taranaki, New Zealand, located south of the city of New Plymouth and southeast of the volcanic cone of Mount Taranaki. Stratford is north, Kaponga 13 km west, and Hāwera is south. State Highway 3 runs through the town. Eltham is South Taranaki's second largest town. Eltham is...	2.25
961852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltham%2C%20New%20Zealand	Eltham, New Zealand	The Waingongoro River forms a western boundary to the town itself, flowing through the Presbyterian Church campsite (in the town's northwest) and Taumata Park (the town's main camping area and sports ground - in the western part of the town) and winding itself southwestward to meet the Tasman Sea at Ohawe Beach, near H...	2.03125
961852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltham%2C%20New%20Zealand	Eltham, New Zealand	Of those at least 15 years old, 102 (6.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 510 (33.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $24,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 111 people (7.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was th...	2.40625
961880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Wynkoop	Henry Wynkoop	Henry Wynkoop (March 2, 1737March 25, 1816) was an American politician, who was member of the Continental Congress (from 1779) and later a United States representative for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania during the First United States Congress, 1789 to 1791. Formative years and family Wynkoop was born in Northampton ...	2.25
961896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmon%20Trophy	Harmon Trophy	The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies, to be awarded annually to the world's outstanding aviator, aviatrix, and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible). A fourth trophy, the "National Trophy", was awarded from 1926 through 1938 to the most outstanding aviator in each of the twenty-one member countries and...	2.46875
961896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmon%20Trophy	Harmon Trophy	During the period the awards were in litigation (1945–1948), the American Section of the League awarded the International Aviator Trophy to three U.S. leaders in aviation. However, since the awards were not approved by other League Sections, the awards are technically invalid. Also, these three awards were given withou...	2.4375
961911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheaf%20toss	Sheaf toss	The sheaf toss () is a traditional Scottish agricultural sport event originally contested at country fairs. A pitchfork is used to hurl a hessian bag stuffed with straw over a horizontal bar above the competitor's head. Typical weight for the bag is 16 or 20 pounds (7.3 or 9.1 kg). Three chances are given to each compe...	1.976563
961912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs%20T.%20Pi%C3%B1ero	Jesús T. Piñero	Jesús T. Piñero Jiménez (April 16, 1897 – November 19, 1952) was the first and only native Puerto Rican to be appointed governor of Puerto Rico by the Government of the United States. Early years Jesús Toribio Piñero Jiménez was born in Carolina, Puerto Rico, to Emilio Piñero Estrella (son of Basilio Piñero) and Josef...	2.5
961943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization%20of%20Ukrainian	Romanization of Ukrainian	The romanization of Ukrainian, or Latinization of Ukrainian, is the representation of the Ukrainian language in Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian r...	2.546875
961943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization%20of%20Ukrainian	Romanization of Ukrainian	Official geographic names are romanized directly from the original Ukrainian and not translated. For example, Kyivska oblast not Kyiv Oblast, Pivnichnokrymskyi kanal not North Crimean Canal. Romanization for other languages than English Romanization intended for readers of other languages than English is usually tran...	2.28125
961943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization%20of%20Ukrainian	Romanization of Ukrainian	Typically such a modified transliteration is based on the ALA-LC, or Library of Congress (in North America), or, less commonly, the British Standard system. Such a simplified system usually omits diacritics and ligatures (tie-bars) from, e.g., i͡e, ï or ĭ, often simplifies -yĭ and -iĭ word endings to "-y", omits romani...	2.109375
961949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstars%20%28British%20TV%20programme%29	Superstars (British TV programme)	Superstars is a TV sports competition in which elite athletes from a variety of sports compete against each other in a number of events, resembling a decathlon. The athletes must not compete in the sport for which they practice as their profession. Points are awarded for the position in which the competitor places in e...	2.515625
961949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstars%20%28British%20TV%20programme%29	Superstars (British TV programme)	With the Superstars franchise nearing its zenith of popularity, the World Championship returned in 1978 with a 12-man field consisting of the national champions from Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the top three finishers from the 1977 European Superstars final, and the top five from the 1978 US National Championshi...	1.90625
961958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%20International%20Studies%20University	Beijing International Studies University	Development The original curriculum framework of the university was built upon its core units in foreign languages, in addition to Chinese literature, arts and philosophy, international/domestic relations, political economy and physical education. It offered degree programs for 14 foreign languages, including English, ...	2.0625
961958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%20International%20Studies%20University	Beijing International Studies University	A Discipline in the Beijing International Studies University is a broad administrative concept for categorising related academic units. The disciplinary divisions usually differentiate the degrees awarded. Currently, the academic system of Beijing International Studies University is made up of four disciplines: Arts (l...	2
961958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%20International%20Studies%20University	Beijing International Studies University	Organisations Institute of Tourism Development Founded in 1984, the Research Institute of Tourism Development is one of the oldest and foremost intelligence units in the field of tourism development planning in China. Equipped with its three research affiliates, i.e. Center for Strategic Planning, Center for Theoreti...	1.953125
961961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20gun	Gene gun	In genetic engineering, a gene gun or biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a heavy metal with a gene of interest and firing these micro-projectiles into cells using mechanical force, an integration of desired genetic...	2.546875
961961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20gun	Gene gun	Advantages Biolistics has proven to be a versatile method of genetic modification and it is generally preferred to engineer transformation-resistant crops, such as cereals. Notably, Bt maize is a product of biolistics. Plastid transformation has also seen great success with particle bombardment when compared to other c...	2.359375
961971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20Commodore	Chester Commodore	Chester Commodore (August 22, 1914 – April 10, 2004) was an African-American cartoonist who made political cartoons and comic strips. He won numerous awards from 1972 to 1980. Early life Born in Racine, Wisconsin, Commodore was a descendant of Peter D. Thomas, a former slave and the first African-American elected off...	2.34375
961978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boy%20from%20Oz	The Boy from Oz	The Boy from Oz is an Australian jukebox musical based on the life of singer and songwriter Peter Allen, featuring songs written by him. The book commissioned for the musical is by Nick Enright, based on Stephen MacLean's 1996 biography of Allen. Premiering in Australia in 1998 starring Todd McKenney, a revised version...	2.109375
961978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boy%20from%20Oz	The Boy from Oz	Peter returns to Australia and tries to tell his mother about his illness, but ultimately can't find a way to tell her. He then performs one last magnificent concert for Australia ("I Still Call Australia Home"), and witnesses a last flashback of his mother's love for him ("Don't Cry Out Loud"). Peter reflects on his l...	2.015625
961986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragon%20Oil	Paragon Oil	Growth of the company As time went on, Paragon Oil eventually switched its focus from building and selling these new residential oil burners to that of an oil distribution company, to supply the residential buildings that now had their new oil burners installed. They eventually won a major contract with New York City ...	1.953125
961986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragon%20Oil	Paragon Oil	Most of the brothers used the profits from the sale to co-found the Brookdale Foundation, whose research focuses on gerontology and geriatric medicine. They also endowed many other charitable enterprises, primarily centered in the New York metropolitan area. These included the Metropolitan Opera at then-newly built L...	2.328125
962007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne%20Zoo	Melbourne Zoo	History In October 1857, the Zoological Society of Victoria was formed with the aim of introducing animals and plants from overseas. Its first collections of animals were housed in Richmond Paddock. In 1861 the organisation changed its name to the "Acclimatisation Society of Victoria". On 6 October 1862, the organisat...	2.71875
962020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbed-bit%20signaling	Robbed-bit signaling	In communications systems, robbed-bit signaling (RBS) is a scheme to provide maintenance and line signaling services on many T1 digital carrier circuits using channel-associated signaling (CAS). The T1 carrier circuit is a type of dedicated circuit currently employed in North America and Japan. Overview T1 is a protoc...	2.5
962040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Brown%20%28South%20Carolina%20politician%29	Henry Brown (South Carolina politician)	Henry Edward Brown Jr. (born December 20, 1935) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for from 2001 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. He did not stand for re-election in 2010. The district is based in Charleston and during Brown's tenure in office, took in almost all of the state's ...	2.359375
962043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2035	Messier 35	Messier 35 or M35, also known as NGC 2168 or the Shoe-Buckle Cluster, is a relatively close open cluster of stars in the west of Gemini, at about the declination of the Sun when the latter is at June solstice. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux around 1745 and independently discovered by John Bevis before 1...	2.296875
962085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskovo	Kuskovo	The Palace of Kuskovo The palace was designed in the new neoclassical style, then becoming popular for state buildings in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The exterior was made of wooden planks, which were plastered and painted in soft pastel colors. The palace looked out onto a court of honor, formed by the palace, the c...	2.28125
962091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2038	Messier 38	Messier 38 or M38, also known as NGC 1912 or Starfish Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Auriga. It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and independently found by Le Gentil in 1749. The open clusters M36 and M37, also discovered by Hodierna, are often grouped together with ...	2.421875
962100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon%20Studios	Nickelodeon Studios	Nickelodeon Studios was a production studio and theme park attraction run by the television network Nickelodeon at Universal Studios Florida. Opening on June 7, 1990, as The First World Headquarters for Kids, the studio attracted young tourists as contestants and audience members for Nickelodeon's live-action programm...	2.328125
962100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon%20Studios	Nickelodeon Studios	Daily tours were given of the studio, starting with a queue area outside Soundstage 18 that led into Building 17. The 45-minute tours took park guests upstairs through the control room, through a viewing area that allowed glimpses of Soundstages 18 and 19, then downstairs through the wardrobe department and Gak Kitchen...	2.265625
962100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon%20Studios	Nickelodeon Studios	The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo was shut down by a labor strike in August 1997 when the production switched from videotape to film stock. Movies and television shows shot on film stock were regulated by the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. The show's producer, Alan Goodman, would move production of...	1.960938
962112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Brady	Kevin Brady	Kevin Patrick Brady (born April 11, 1955) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 1997 to 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes northern Houston, including The Woodlands. He retired after the 2022 election cycle. Early life, education, and early political...	2.1875
962112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Brady	Kevin Brady	1996 Incumbent U.S. Representative Jack Fields of Texas's 8th congressional district decided to retire. Brady ran for the seat and ranked second in the Republican primary with 22% of the vote in a six-candidate field. The candidate who ranked first, Gene Fontenot, received 36% of the vote, short of the 50% threshold. ...	2.078125
962116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformed%20services%20diver%20insignia%20%28United%20States%29	Uniformed services diver insignia (United States)	In 2001, the Marine Corps authorized the creation of a new badge, the Combatant Diver Insignia, attesting to the wearer's closed-circuit rebreather and reconnaissance combat diver training; the gold-colored combatant diver insignia depicts a wetsuit hood, low-profile diving mask, and chest-mounted rebreather. The nava...	2.296875
962118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2039	Messier 39	Messier 39 or M39, also known as NGC 7092, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Cygnus, sometimes referred to as the Pyramid Cluster. It is positioned two degrees south of the star Pi Cygni and around 9° east-northeast of Deneb. The cluster was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749, then Charles Mess...	2.5625
962130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnecke%204	Winnecke 4	Winnecke 4 (also known as Messier 40 or WNC 4) is an optical double star consisting of two unrelated stars in a northerly zone of the sky, Ursa Major. The pair were discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 while he was searching for a nebula that had been reported in the area by Johannes Hevelius. Not seeing any nebulae...	2.453125
962140	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Bishop	Tim Bishop	Timothy Howard Bishop (born June 1, 1950) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative for from 2003 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes most of Central and Eastern Suffolk County, including most of Smithtown, as well as the entirety of the towns of Brookhaven, Rive...	2.0625
962148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive%20Cluster	Beehive Cluster	The Beehive Cluster (also known as Praesepe (Latin for "manger", "cot" or "crib"), M44, NGC 2632, or Cr 189), is an open cluster in the constellation Cancer. One of the nearest open clusters to Earth, it contains a larger population of stars than other nearby bright open clusters holding around 1,000 stars. Under dark ...	2.75
962148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive%20Cluster	Beehive Cluster	History In 1609, Galileo first telescopically observed the Beehive and was able to resolve it into 40 stars. Charles Messier added it to his famous catalog in 1769 after precisely measuring its position in the sky. Along with the Orion Nebula and the Pleiades cluster, Messier's inclusion of the Beehive has been noted...	2.765625
962148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive%20Cluster	Beehive Cluster	Morphology and composition Like many star clusters of all kinds, Praesepe has experienced mass segregation. This means that bright massive stars are concentrated in the cluster's core, while dimmer and less massive stars populate its halo (sometimes called the corona). The cluster's core radius is estimated at 3.5 par...	2.875
962152	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2043	Messier 43	Messier 43 or M43, also known as De Mairan's Nebula and NGC 1982, is a star-forming nebula with a prominent H II region in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It was discovered by the French scientist Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan some time before 1731, then catalogued by Charles Messier in 1769. It is physically ...	2.6875
962165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Brady	Bob Brady	Brady has been a professor at the University of Pennsylvania where he instructs graduate students in management and political science. In April 1991 he was appointed to the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission by Governor Bob Casey Sr., a position he held until his election to United States Congress in 1998. In 1999 he ma...	2.15625
962169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrelink	Centrelink	Origin In 2016, Centrelink began using a new automated technique (later found to be fatally flawed and unlawful) for reconciling welfare recipients' records against data from the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) in order to allegedly uncover fraud and overpayment, thus facilitating the scrape-back of these alleged deb...	2.0625
962170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20NASCAR%20schedule%20realignments	History of NASCAR schedule realignments	History of NASCAR schedule realignments refers to changes in the schedule of the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. First Cup schedule in 1949 The first season in 1949 consists of 8 races, exclusively on dirt tracks. The season began on June, 19 at Charlotte Speedway, a 3/4-mil...	2.453125
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	The experiment is normally conducted using electrically neutral particles such as silver atoms. This avoids the large deflection in the path of a charged particle moving through a magnetic field and allows spin-dependent effects to dominate. If the particle is treated as a classical spinning magnetic dipole, it will p...	2.40625
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	Experiment using particles with +1/2 or −1/2 spin If the experiment is conducted using charged particles like electrons, there will be a Lorentz force that tends to bend the trajectory in a circle. This force can be cancelled by an electric field of appropriate magnitude oriented transverse to the charged particle's p...	2.96875
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	where constants and are complex numbers. This initial state spin can point in any direction. The squares of the absolute values and are respectively the probabilities for a system in the state to be found in and after the measurement along axis is made. The constants and must also be normalized in order that...	2.015625
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	Experiment 2 The middle system shows what happens when a different S-G apparatus is placed at the exit of the z+ beam resulting of the first apparatus, the second apparatus measuring the deflection of the beams on the x axis instead of the z axis. The second apparatus produces x+ and x- outputs. Now classically we wou...	2.109375
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	The Stern–Gerlach experiment was conceived by Otto Stern in 1921 and performed by him and Walther Gerlach in Frankfurt in 1922. At the time of the experiment, the most prevalent model for describing the atom was the Bohr-Sommerfeld model, which described electrons as going around the positively charged nucleus only in...	2.65625
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	In 1927, T.E. Phipps and J.B. Taylor reproduced the effect using hydrogen atoms in their ground state, thereby eliminating any doubts that may have been caused by the use of silver atoms. However, in 1926 the non-relativistic scalar Schrödinger equation had incorrectly predicted the magnetic moment of hydrogen to be ze...	2.515625
962171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment	Stern–Gerlach experiment	In the decade that followed, scientists showed using similar techniques, that the nuclei of some atoms also have quantized angular momentum. It is the interaction of this nuclear angular momentum with the spin of the electron that is responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines. Norman F. Ramsey ...	2.40625
962172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare%20card%20%28Australia%29	Medicare card (Australia)	A Medicare card is a plastic card, the same size as a typical credit card, issued to Australian citizens and permanent residents and their families. The card or the Medicare number is required to be provided to enable the cardholder to receive a rebate of medical expenses under Australia's Medicare system, as well as s...	2.46875
962172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare%20card%20%28Australia%29	Medicare card (Australia)	The use of the card is relevant only to consultations with medical practitioners who have been issued with a Medicare provider number. Such access has been made subject to increasing requirements since the mid-1990s. The Medicare card is used for health care purposes only and cannot be used to track in a database a num...	2.296875
962172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare%20card%20%28Australia%29	Medicare card (Australia)	A practitioner who is in breach of a contract with the Commonwealth may face a 12-year prohibition on access to a provider number. This means that a Medicare cardholder cannot obtain a rebate of expenses paid to a prohibited practitioner regardless of the practitioner's registration at any (state) board or specialty fo...	2.078125
962174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node%20of%20Ranvier	Node of Ranvier	The segment between nodes of Ranvier is termed as the internode, and its outermost part that is in contact with paranodes is referred to as the juxtaparanodal region. The nodes are encapsulated by microvilli stemming from the outer aspect of the Schwann cell membrane in the PNS, or by perinodal extensions from astrocyt...	2.359375
962174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node%20of%20Ranvier	Node of Ranvier	Myelination of nerve fibers The complex changes that the Schwann cell undergoes during the process of myelination of peripheral nerve fibers have been observed and studied by many. The initial envelopment of the axon occurs without interruption along the entire extent of the Schwann cell. This process is sequenced by...	2.3125
962174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node%20of%20Ranvier	Node of Ranvier	Action potential An action potential is a spike of both positive and negative ionic discharge that travels along the membrane of a cell. The creation and conduction of action potentials represents a fundamental means of communication in the nervous system. Action potentials represent rapid reversals in voltage across...	3.4375

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