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Anorectal melanomas comprise approximately 1% of all melanomas and about 0.52% of all anorectal malignancies . Common presentations for anorectal melanoma include rectal bleeding, anorectal pain, change in bowel habits or a rectal mass . Therefore, given the lack of pathognomonic clinical complaints, early diagnosis is... |
General accounting office, 1991a; iglehart, 1991a, 1991b, 1988a, 1988b), financing and cost - containment mechanisms (u.s . General accounting office, 1991b), and levels of health care spending (schieber, poullier, and greenwald, 1991). However, little has been written about the comparative differences or similarities ... |
Microsurgery remains the gold standard for the treatment of intraventricular tumors [14], but microsurgical approaches are not without limitations [512]. The desire for a less invasive but equally effective surgical approach to intraventricular pathology has directed the attention of many in the neurosurgical community... |
One of the widely accepted techniques for restoring pit and fissure caries and prevention of caries development in adjacent pit and fissures is preventive resin restoration (prr) [14]. In this technique, decayed tooth tissue is replaced with composite resins and at the same time, intact pit and fissures are sealed with... |
The introduction of the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide has revolutionized the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 . Treatment with lenalidomide results in transfusion independence in the majority of patients, but some questions remain unresolved, a... |
Post traumatic hip dislocations are very rare in children . Neglected anterior hip dislocations in children are not described in literature so far . Here, we present a case of 6 weeks old anterior hip dislocation successfully managed by open reduction . A 9-year - old male child presented with neglected anterior hip di... |
A 55-year - old man with a 28-year history of diabetes was referred to our retina clinic for a regular ophthalmic examination for diabetic retinopathy . At the time of the first visit, the patient presented with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and clinically significant macular edema . He had undergone ... |
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (cmml) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm with overlapping myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features . While progression to acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is common, the driving molecular aberrations involved in transformation remain obscure . Clonal cytogenetic abnormaliti... |
One - third of patients with epilepsy have seizures that are resistant to pharmacological therapy . Resective surgery is effective for patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who have a localized area of epileptogenic tissue in noneloquent cortex . These masses of disorganized neuronal tissue are usually associated wi... |
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon disease that's pathologically characterized by marked eosinophilic infiltration in any area of the gastrointestinal tract without the presence of parasitic infections, drug reactions or malignancy . Since it was first described in 1937 by kaijer1), approximately 300 cases hav... |
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with global distribution, although it has been documented in developing and developed as well as temperate and tropical countries [1, 2]. This disease occurs predominantly as a subclinical infection although cases of clinical disease with numerous nonpathognomonic signs and symptom... |
Laparoscopic surgery of the prepared upper and lower gastrointestinal (gi) tract has been well reported . Successful closure of ruptured duodenal ulcers associated with peritoneal soiling has demonstrated that laparoscopic techniques can be applied to repair of the perforated viscus . More controversial is the therapeu... |
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram - positive bacterium, a ubiquitous pathogen that constitutes one of the major causes of infections in humans . The most consistently identified ecological niche for s. aureus in humans is in the anterior nares and up to one third of healthy people carry this organism in the nose at any t... |
Increased interest in an esthetic facial appearance has led to an increase in the number of adult orthodontic patients . Many patients underwent previous dental restorations to treat wear, attrition, missing teeth, and malformed teeth.1 distinct surface treatments are required to increase the bond strength between orth... |
Of these newly diagnosed breast tumors, 6570% will express the estrogen receptor alpha (er). Estrogen activation of the er is required in the development of a healthy mammary gland . However, it also can be involved in the development of both primary and secondary breast cancers due to altered er signaling [3, 4]. Acti... |
Nowadays, insertion of an expandable metallic stent (ems) is the standard treatment to rescue obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable pancreaticobiliary malignancies . As one of the problematic complications of biliary ems, stent migration occurs in 1.8 - 8.3% of cases with covered biliary ems and in 0 - 2.4% of un... |
Breast cancer is a malignancy arising from the epithelial tissues that line the terminal ductal - lobular units of the breast [1, 2]. Breast cancer (bc) is the most common cancer in females worldwide; bc is the leading cause of cancer death among females, with an estimated 1.7 million cases and 521,900 deaths in 2012; ... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) including myocardial infarction (mi) is a leading cause of death worldwide [1, 2]. The well - known conventional coronary risk factors include age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and family history, which have been repeatedly demonstrated in multip... |
Vitamins are essential for nutrition and physiological function, and therefore, their intake is necessary for humans and animals, as the body is unable to synthesize these essential nutrients required for growth . Vitamins can be classified into water - soluble and fat - soluble vitamins; the former includes niacin, ni... |
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (aac) is a well - recognized but still poorly understood entity . It is well - known to occur in very sick patients already admitted in intensive care unit (icu), e.g., after major trauma, burns, sepsis, major non - biliary surgery and after parenteral feeding, with high incidence of comp... |
The infection by this protozoan is called amoebiasis; a primary intestinal infection which may be complicated by extra - intestinal infection (1). This protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas (2). Amoebic live... |
Huntington s disease (hd) is a devastating inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of the cag repeat region in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene . Although huntingtin is expressed throughout the body, the polyglutamine expanded protein is especially toxic to medium spiny neurons in the striatum and their... |
The prevalence of asthma is approximately 300 million cases in the world and in thailand it affects approximately 6.9% of adults . The airway becomes swollen and inflamed and the muscles around the airway contract causing the bronchial tubes to narrow . Symptoms and exacerbations of asthma include breathlessness, cough... |
As an undergraduate chemistry major at the university of illinois in urbana - champaign, i did not have a clear idea of what i was going to do after college until i attended a standing - room - only seminar by sol spiegelman on his demonstration of phage q replication in vitro . It was not a difficult decision as a new... |
Despite advances in insulin therapy, hypoglycaemia remains a significant concern and limits optimization of insulin dosing to achieve glycaemic targets.1 hypoglycaemia is associated with increased morbidity and cardiovascular risk.1 patients / caregivers may be fearful of nocturnal hypoglycaemia, which may affect sleep... |
Fans of doctor who, the quintessential british science fiction television series, have been able to enjoy the adventures of its main character (the doctor) for over three decades . As a time lord from the planet gallifrey, the doctor can regenerate his body completely as he nears death . The doctor s regenerative abili... |
The obesity treatment literature includes many sophisticated analyses, methods, and conclusions, yet the problem persists [13]. Given all of the information now known, to move forward in intervention development and evaluation, more accurate measures of success are needed to monitor changes . The field of obesity treat... |
The presence of an idic(ph) chromosome(s) represents a mechanism for genomic bcrabl1 amplification and may contribute to resistance against targeted therapies based on imatinib or dasatinib . A 52yearold, previously healthy man presented to his local ed with worsening right groin pain of 2months duration, which began a... |
Testis tumors are rare, but it is the most common solid tumor in men under 45 years of age . Although intracardiac metastases of testicular germ cell tumors occur rarely in clinics, they may lead to the congestive heart failure, paradoxical systemic emboli and vena cava superior syndrome with disseminated involvement o... |
Median arcuate ligament syndrome (mals) or celiac artery compression syndrome is a rare disorder caused by compression of celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament . Clinical symptoms include postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, epigastric bruit and weight loss . Most of the patients with this syndrome are... |
Hence, compounds that selectively modulate the action as well as the levels of endocannabinoids represent templates for potential new therapeutic strategies . In this sense, the exogenous administration of the endocannabinoid anandamide is known to induce the decrease of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rat... |
In 1955, pepys postulated that histamine (ha) could affect the immune response . Since then, the influence of ha on immune and inflammatory reactions has been well documented . In the late 1970s and early 1980s, watanabe's, schwartz's, and panula's groups in japan, france, and finland, respectively, demonstrated the pr... |
High invasiveness and resistance to therapy are common biological and clinical characteristics of refractory cancer that represent major challenges for research and treatment . The mechanisms involved in tumor invasion include cell motility and migration, degradation of the extracellular matrix and interaction with str... |
Obtain frozen mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) (generated previously from individual embryo primary cultures) from liquid nitrogen . Thaw cells by immersing vial in 37c water with swirling until contents are completely thawed . Add 9ml of dmem that has been supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin -... |
The concept of endometriosis is based on histological confirmation of ectopic implants of glands and/or endometrial stroma sensitive to hormones but not including those located in the myometrium.123 the pathogenesis of the disease is probably multifactorial . Retrograde menstruation is the most widespread theory that e... |
Splenic artery aneurysms are the most common visceral artery aneurysms (1). Aberrant origin of splenic artery from the superior mesenteric artery (sma) is rare . Aneurysms of an aberrant splenic artery are very uncommon with only 25 cases reported in literature (2). We describe the imaging findings and the endovascular... |
Congenital heart disease is the most prevalent form of developmental abnormality in newborns, with an estimated prevalence of 1%, and is the leading non - infectious cause of infant mortality, with more than 29% of neonates who die of a birth defect having a cardiovascular deformity . Congenital cardiovascular anomaly ... |
In vertebrates, dickkopf (dkk) family genes encode four secreted proteins (dkk14) and a unique dkk3-related protein, soggy or dkk - like1 (dkkl1). Dkks are potent inhibitors of -catenin stabilization in the wnt signaling pathway and suppress the expression of a variety of canonical wnt/-catenin signaling target genes .... |
Gastric adenocarcinoma (gc) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, with approximately one million new cases and 730,000 deaths occurring annually . In the united states, approximately 21,600 new cases occurred in 2015 . Therapeutic advances in gastric cancer have been slow and 5-year survival is less than 10% wi... |
Treatment of limited stage of hodgkin lymphoma by introducing new chemotherapy regimens and combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy has significantly evolved in recent years and failure in treatment is seen only in 10 to 20% of patients . Recently, there are tangible improvements in advanced stages of hodgkin lymphoma ... |
Medication is central to treating and managing type ii diabetes mellitus, a prevalent age - related chronic illness . Effective treatment is often undermined by nonadherence, with as many as half of patients not taking medications as prescribed [2, 3]. Nonadherence is traced to many causes but often involves a gap betw... |
Deep sternal wound infection (dswi) is a severe and life - threatening complication of median sternotomy after cardiac surgery, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 3% and a mortality rate ranging from 19% to 29% . This complication is associated with prolonged hospital stay, augmented surgical load due to repeated wou... |
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by coombs - negative haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and microvascular thrombosis, with many patients also experiencing acute renal failure . Approximately 90% of cases have typical hus, which is secondary to infection by a shiga - lik... |
The arctic and antarctic regions are rich and diverse ecosystems for birds, fish, and mammals . This in turn means that there is a risk that migratory birds (and other animals) can bring pathogens or resistant bacteria into animal populations in the arctic and antarctic environments (42). Whether the introduction of an... |
Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates, with a wide variety of adaptive responses to diversified aquatic habitats and ecological limitations . Also with respect to sex determination, unlike the situation in most vertebrates, where the male and female sexes are represented by two different individuals (gonochorism)... |
Actually ugtb is not rare disease but it is often overlooked disease . The main reasons for delayed diagnostic are two: vague clinical features and low index of suspicion . Ugtb is an infectious contagious disease, and it is one of the most reasons for infertility. |
Traditionally, patients with liver cirrhosis have an auto - anticoagulation status because they often have an elevated prothrombin time (pt) or international normalized ratio (inr) [14]. However, the accumulated evidence suggests that cirrhotic patients have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (vte), which is d... |
Infertility is an important health problem, with an estimated prevalence of 48.5 million couples worldwide (1). Although infertility is mostly common in aging populations and in urban areas where women have their first child at an older age, the burden of infertility and its social consequences are predominantly found ... |
Mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are one of the most interesting types of adult stem cells that are isolated, cultured, manipulated ex vivo, and have the ability of self - renewal and differentiation into various mesodermal cell lineages (1 - 3). Since the first description of mscs by friedenstein et al in 1976 as the clo... |
When attempting to measure potential health benefits, a number of methods are available including cost benefit analysis, cost - effectiveness analysis, and cost - of - illness analysis . The selection of an appropriate method should be consistent with the available data and the phenomenon being studied . Benefit analys... |
Although glaucoma is primarily a disease of the ganglion cells, the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) is the most commonly imaged layer of the retina in the evaluation of glaucoma patients . Even before the widespread use of imaging technologies, rnfl evaluation has always been an important part of the clinical examinat... |
Vitamin d is a fat - soluble secosteroid prohormone ingested in the diet and produced in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and conversion to active forms of vitamin d occurs in the liver and kidneys.1 the metabolic processes regulated by vitamin d include serum calcium and phosphate homeostas... |
In 2011, the prevalence in the us of end - stage renal disease (esrd) was 507,326, and there were 88,931 deaths attributable to esrd.1 medicare costs for esrd were $34.3 billion in 2011, accounting for over 6% of the total medicare budget . On january 1, 2011, medicare enacted an esrd bundled prospective payment system... |
Psychogenic polydipsia (ppd), a clinical disorder characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, is defined by hyponatremia found in 10 - 20% of those presenting with compulsive drinking . Symptoms are not typically seen until the patient reaches their limit of maximal urine dilution (100 mosmol / kg with minimum urine osmo... |
The increase in demand for poultry meat and eggs has necessitated the establishment of new farms and slaughter houses away from their original places of production, and consequently, a considerable increase in poultry transportation arises [1, 2]. Results obtained from an increasing body of research have convincingly d... |
Photobiomodulation uses lowpower, highfluence light from lasers or leds in the red to nearinfrared range (6201,100 nm) to modulate mitochondrial respiration in a nondestructive and nonthermal manner 1, 2 . Transcranial laser stimulation of the brain with nearinfrared light is a novel form of photobiomodulation, also kn... |
Lentiviral vectors are promising gene transfer agents for ex vivo correction of inherited or acquired genetic defects . Hematopoietic disorders are well suited as targets for this approach, due to the relative ease with which these cells are harvested, transduced ex vivo with lentivirus, and reinfused into patients . H... |
Currently, approximately ten million people have chagas disease worldwide, with the disease burden being centered in latin america . Sleeping sickness is another serious health problem, particularly in sub - saharan countries; in the first half of the twentieth century, this disease practically decimated entire communi... |
This 34-year - old man had progressive visual loss in the left eye of 2 months . Automated visual fields were symmetrically normal . After seeking a second opinion 14 days later, best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) of the left eye was 20/100 (6/30) with diffuse disc elevation and peripapillary nerve fiber hemorrhage ... |
Dental caries remains today the most common infectious disease which affects most of the population regardless of age . Caries prevalence is high, and oral hygiene is not good, in poor and developing countries as well as albania . Several studies have noted that children with disabilities have higher levels of caries, ... |
A 46-year - old caucasian man presented with a 10-year history of mild gait ataxia and undirected vertigo after fast head movements . He had a past medical history of resection of a thyroid adenoma and also for benign polyposis of the sigmoid colon . At the age of 41 years physical inspection revealed megalocephaly, co... |
Central nervous system (cns) involvement is a rare complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) and is encountered more frequently at the relapse stage than at presentation . The cns is the most commonly affected site of extramedullary relapse in apl [1, 2]. The incidence of cns relapse ranges between 0.6% and 2%... |
The most frequent species of dermatophytes are trichophyton mentagrophytes, t. tonsurans, and t. rubrum, and these species cause a multiplicity of cutaneous disorders . They are keratinophilic fungi that attack keratinized tissue and cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that vary from mild to severe, but in... |
The appearance of multiple malignancies in the same patient is a rare occurrence, which can either be synchronous or metachronous . The incidence of multiple malignancies varies with age, sex, geographic origin, and site and type of tumors . The etiology is multifactorial, and some of the factors involved in the pathog... |
Saprolegnia parasitica is a fish pathogenic oomycete (water mould), belonging to the saprolegniales order and known to infect a wide range of fish, amphibians, and crustaceans relevant to aquaculture and to aquatic ecosystems (van west et al . It causes saprolegniosis, a disease characterised by visible white or grey p... |
Acute pancreatitis (ap) is characterized by an inflammatory affection of the exocrine pancreatic tissue and disturbances of pancreatic microcirculation.1 depending on the severity of ap, irreversible perfusion failure with consecutive tissue hypoxia and necrosis can complicate the course of the disease and trigger syst... |
Dichelobacter nodosus is a gram - negative anaerobic bacterium and the main causative organism of ovine foot rot . Foot rot is a contagious and crippling disease affecting the feet of sheep, characterized by a range of symptoms depending on severity, from a nonprogressive interdigital dermatitis (in benign foot rot) to... |
The most outstanding feature of cells is that they produce a large amount of insulin, the only hormone that lowers blood glucose, and secrete it continuously in response to changes in the extracellular glucose concentration . Insulin secretion from pancreatic cells also is modified by a variety of nutrients, hormones a... |
In the last decade, the use of 3d image processing has been increased especially for medical applications; this leads to increase the qualified radiologists' number who navigate, view, analyse, segment, and interpret medical images . The analysis and visualization of the image stack received from the acquisition device... |
Duck virus hepatitis (dvh) is one of the most economic import diseases to all duck - growing farms because of its high potential mortality if the infection is not controlled . The morbidity is 100% and the mortality may reach 95100%, in the first week of age . Survived ducklings after dhv infection have a solid immunit... |
Since 2011, pneumonia has overtaken cerebrovascular disorders as the third leading cause of death in japan . Elderly people are particularly prone to developing severe pneumonia because of various underlying conditions (1). Nutritional support plays an integral role in the treatment of critically ill patients and the e... |
Over the past decades, considerable advances have been made in the use of long - course crt in rectal cancer . Based on a number of pivotal studies in the us which demonstrated positive effects on local control (lc) and overall survival (os) with the addition of rt and chemotherapy following surgical resection in local... |
The short - wave near - infrared (sw - nir) region, 7001100 nm, is suitable for nondestructive or noninvasive analysis of biological and biomedical materials [13]. Compared with long - wave nir region (11002526 nm), the short - wave near - infrared can penetrate more deeply into a sample with less heating effect and in... |
Charcot spinal arthropathy (csa) is a rare, progressive vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any preexisting condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation severe enough to impair the normal protective sensation of joints of the vertebral column1). Historically, csa occurs most commonly... |
According to the world health organization (who), approximately 5% of the world population or 365 million people has either moderate or severe hearing loss of either congenital or acquired etiology . In korea, some 300,000 people are believed to have some hearing loss, which is the second highest of 15 disabilities . R... |
Therefore, the first and the most important strategy to confront this is the comprehensive implementation of tobacco control programs . However, this implementation cannot be easily achieved because tobacco companies try their best to seek new customers for their products and replace those who quit smoking or died of i... |
Apart from use in operative cases and cardiac laboratories, transesophageal echocardiography (tee) in now being increasingly used in critical care units . The complications with its use are primarily related to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems along with some miscellaneous problems related to p... |
Influenza, an infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses, is one of the main causes of excess winter deaths (ewds) in europe [1 - 3]. Annual flu epidemics are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among the elderly and those with underlying health conditions; these groups are pa... |
Functionalized, nitrogen - containing heterocycles constitute a widespread structural motif in biologically active compounds(1) and an invaluable template for chiral auxiliaries(2) in asymmetric synthesis. (3) in particular, tetrahydroisoquinolines (thiqs) and indoles are common structural motifs in important compounds... |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting over 300 million people worldwide, and its prevalence is rising, especially in children and within developing countries . New studies indicated that in allergic disorders, including asthma, innate immunity is deregulated by allergens that promote sensiti... |
To report a rare case of extreme leukocytosis and leukemoid reaction associated with lung sarcomatoid carcinoma (lsc) and increase people s awareness of the disease . A 58-year - old male patient was diagnosed with lsc; however, after the end of the second course of chemotherapy, his white blood cells increased gradual... |
This is because the age at initiation of cigarette smoking is one of the important determinants of tobacco dependence possibility, likelihood of smoking cessation, and the risk of unwilling health consequences . Many researchers have considered smoking behavior in adolescents as a transition or movement in some stages ... |
Coracoid fractures can be missed and the treatment for coracoid process fractures is still controversial . The case presented here is of an isolated coracoid process fracture which was treated surgically . A 15-years old male presented after 4 days of injury complaining of persistent pain in the right shoulder followin... |
Trabeculectomy remains the surgery of choice in patients with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy (gon). In conventional trabeculectomy, efforts have been made to improve the outcomes and reduce the complications of trabeculectomy . In this regard, the ex - press glaucoma implant was introduced as a nonvalved miniat... |
Periodontal disease may present a wide variation of its appearance, which brings lack of uniformity on the criteria that define its aspects . Conventional dental radiography, widely employed as a tool to determine the situation (presence and extension) of periodontal disease, is considered adequate to surveys of period... |
Since it has been introduced by yasargil in the 1970s11), the pterional or the fronto - temporo - sphenoidal approach has been widely used to approach lesions of the sellar or suprasellar region, circle of willis and sylvian fissure . Although the standard pterional approach has been accepted as a safe and appropriate ... |
The finding of a renal mass on imaging is suggestive of metastatic non - small cell lung cancer in the presence of a lung tumor but can also have another origin . We describe the case of a patient diagnosed with stage iv lung cancer based on a renal metastasis . A second opinion including review of histopathological da... |
Different etiologies for cystic lesions in the lumbar spinal canal have been reported in the literature, among them hemorrhagic cysts, perineural cysts, dermoid cysts, and parasitic cysts . The most common lesion seems to originate from the facet joints: the synovial cyst, which represents a protrusion of the synovial ... |
The relationship between autism and imitation deficits was envisaged long time ago by ritvo and province, short after autism was originally described in the work of kanner . The imitative ability has been acknowledged to play an essential role in normal development, as it can be used by infants to acquire and master ne... |
The den2-s2 virus used in the primary screen was isolated via serial passage of den2-ngc (a gift from dr . A. de silva unc - ch) in d.mel-2 cells (invitrogen). The experimental schedule for the primary and secondary screens is outlined in fig . The human screen was done with huh-7 cells treated independently with two s... |
Standing from a seated position and walking are basic components of many daily activities and have been analyzed using various methods . The sit - to - walk (stw) task involves the sequential motions occurring from standing to initiating gait . Magnan1 and kerr2, 3 examined the stw task using a three - dimensional moti... |
Gangliocytic paragangliomas (gps) are rare and peculiar benign tumors, encountered mostly in the periampullary area of the duodenum and much less frequently in the jejunum or third part of the duodenum . Some studies have reported that approximately 90% of gps are found in the second part of the duodenum, from where th... |
Block copolymers self - assemble on the 10100 nm length scale and are attractive materials to structure direct inorganic components into materials with mesoscale features . One route to such materials involves the use of block copolymers as sacrificial templates . This strategy involves selective degradation of one pol... |
In the previous issue of critical care, kushimoto and colleagues reported on the clinical usefulness of transpulmonary thermodilution - derived extravascular lung water (evlw) and the pulmonary vascular permeability index (pvpi) in the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). In an observational multi -... |
Amino acid substitution is known as an important strategy to detect, and to analyze key residues in the structural and functional properties of proteins, and in the protein - ligand interactions (yang et al ., 1997; chiaoto et al ., 2007; bogan and thorn, 1998; lo conte et al . It has also been used in a number of stud... |
Adaptive radiation requires organismal evolvability, ecological opportunities, and diversifying selection which create new niches in terms of physical space and new interactions between organisms and environment or allow empty ones to be colonised by adaptive lineages [14]. This process is directly relevant to the bact... |
The age - standardized incidence is approximately 1 per 100,000 women in the united states and few cases have been reported since 1957.2- 4 hcc is aggressive during pregnancy and has a poor prognosis with an overall one - year survival of 23%, which could be explained by two main etiologies: estrogen elevation which ac... |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is an autoimmune disease that may involve multiple organs . Herein, we report a case of fatal gastrointestinal vasculitis as a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a 34-year - old woman . A 34-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive lower a... |
Primary tumors of the trachea are rare, occurring in less than 2 out of 1,000,000 persons per year representing less than 0.1% of cancer death . Adenoid cystic carcinoma (acc) is the second most common primary malignant tracheal neoplasm after squamous cell carcinoma . Acc commonly arises at the distal portion of the t... |
Cases evaluated in this study were selected from patients who underwent biopsies during a 12-month period . Two hundred ninety three female patients with 314 lesions underwent us - guided biopsies at a single facility . The mean patient age was 39.9 years with a range of 17 - 81 years . The vast majority of the masses ... |
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