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In the twenty - first century, every individual who wants to have a desired level of performance must have a wide range of capabilities, competencies, and basically many types of literacy (1, 2). In fact, literacy is the main prerequisite for the development of thought and for the capability to do research . Health lit... |
The human proteome is changing constantly in response to hormones, age, and developmental stage or disease . The genetic makeup of the body indicates about 25,000 genes responsible for close to 100,000 proteins in a given proteome . Alternative splicing is a quintessential mechanism to generate proteins with distinct f... |
As the power of medical technology advances, more and more difficult questions are raised about what sorts of rights to such technologies people might have, especially in resource - poor countries . People surely have a right to basic medical care, therefore global access to infertility care should be seen as a fundame... |
Uterine artery embolization (uae) is a safe and effective procedure for the control of postpartum hemorrhage (1). Detailed knowledge of uterine vascularization and ovarian artery supply to the uterus is necessary for the management of postpartum hemorrhage . The ovarian arteries usually arise from the anterior circumfe... |
The ao - fixed - angle blade plate is popular among surgeons for fixation of proximal femoral osteotomies [1, 2] and is a common procedure for patients with significant hip displacement as a result of cerebral palsy . There are several complications associated after femoral osteotomy including wound infection, bursitis... |
Airway remodeling is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ecm), such as collagen, and thickening of smooth muscle . Fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor (tgf-) and asthma - related il-13 are crucial cytokines for synergistic airway remodeling . Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (mmp-9), one of t... |
Isolation and cultivation of canine ad - mscs: canine ad - mscs were obtained according to the method described in our previous paper . Briefly, adipose tissues were aseptically collected from gluteal subcutaneous fat of 2-year - old beagle dogs (4 females). All animal experimental procedures were approved by the insti... |
Scrub typhus and dengue are two major causes of acute undifferentiated febrile illness and are endemic in many parts of india and the asia pacific region . In many parts of india, both the infections share similar clinico - epidemiological features and are difficult to differentiate at initial presentation . The causat... |
The identities of these genetic determinants are generally not known, making the rational engineering of strains for these complex phenotypes challenging . Classical strain engineering for these traits generally involve several rounds of random mutagenesis followed by selection . However, with successive rounds of indu... |
Dystroglycan was originally isolated from skeletal muscle as one of dystrophin - associated proteins, and found to be a main component of the dystrophin - glycoprotein complex (dgc), a multimeric transmembrane protein complex [1, 2]. In skeletal muscle, - and -dystroglycan constitute a membrane - spanning complex and i... |
Stroke damages the sensory - motor system, leading to limitations in daily activity, increased risk of falling, and decreased functional independence1, 2 . Stroke causes muscle weakening in patients due to a decrease in the rate of motor unit recruitment and weakness of selective type ii fibers2, with decreased extensi... |
Primary aldosteronism (pa) is an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension but is being increasingly recognized . It is thought to be responsible for 10% of hypertension in humans . To some degree, aldosterone increases the number of open sodium channels in the luminal membrane of the principal cells in the collecting tubul... |
Seyed esmaeel jorjani, one of the most outstanding iranian physicians in the history of islamic medicine, was born in gorgan in 434, a.h (1042, a.d .) And died in marve in 531, a.h (1136, a.d) during kharazmshahi dynasty . He was claimed to belong to the second generation of physicians like avicenna, having an importan... |
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer - related mortality in the world for both men and women . Histologically, non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancer cases; and to date, most nsclc patients are still diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, leading to limited trea... |
There have been many published studies and reviews linking increasing levels of ultraviolet b light or vitamin d levels to decreasing risk of cancers . Boscoe and shymura examined solar uv b as measured by total ozone mapping spectrometry, and the relationship to cancer incidence and mortality, finding distinct relatio... |
Induction therapy, using potent immunosuppressive agents in the critical, early period of allograft placement with the goal of decreasing the risk of acute rejection and potentially allowing lower overall intensity of the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen, is common in kidney transplantation . The induction agent o... |
Childcare workers perform a variety of daily tasks, such as carrying, bathing, feeding, and changing diapers that involve many awkward movements and postures . Awkward movements and postures can lead to various musculoskeletal injuries [1, 2]. Unfortunately, many child - rearing behaviors can result in back, neck, and ... |
Demographic change affects western industrialized countries in terms of large increases in the number of senior citizens . One serious concern of industrialized countries is that a greying society will undermine the sustainability of the public health care system since per capita health expenditures are approximately 5... |
The motor control literature often differentiates between gross and fine motor control . The term gross motor control is used generally to describe activities involving locomotion and movement of the torso (e.g. Walking, maintaining postural stability). Whereas fine motor control is associated with tasks that typically... |
Movement disorders (mds) are a group of diseases and syndromes affecting the ability to produce and control movement and are often accompanied by secondary clinical presentations such as seizures, cognitive deficits, autoimmune deficiencies, and psychiatric symptoms, among others, causing major difficulties in diagnosi... |
We reviewed medline, embase, pubmed, and the cochrane databases to identify all patients who had rimary cerebellopontine angle melanocytoma (pcpam). We searched the following terms: melanocytoma, pigmented tumors, and melanoma combined with posterior cranial fossa or cpa . We included only those tumors that fulfilled t... |
Cutaneous infections by rapid growing atypical mycobacteria are being reported increasingly nowadays, especially in immunocompromised patients or patients with underlying diseases . Among rapid postoperative infections and injection abscesses are commonly reported . In cutaneous infections, cervical skin, hand and leg,... |
Warts are caused by different strains of human papilloma virus, involving epithelium of the skin and mucus membrane . Various clinical manifestations are verruca vulgaris, verruca plana, verruca palmaris and plantaris, and genital warts (condyloma acuminata). Studies have showed that warts resolve spontaneously without... |
Chronic subdural hematoma (csdh) is a disease commonly encountered by neurosurgeons.22) the occurrence of csdh in elderly patients is 3 in 100,000.4) the prognosis of csdh is reported to be relatively good; still, its recurrence rate is reported to be between 3 to 34%.314151725) although various factors are related to ... |
A 45-year - old woman (weight, 74 kg; height, 163 cm; body mass index, 27.9 kg / m) presented for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair due to rotator cuff tear . She had a 5-year - history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was treated with oral hypoglycemic agents . In addition, she had no smoking history . The routine la... |
A 4-month - old boy was referred to severance cardiovascular hospital for suspicion of myocarditis . His body weight was 7 kg and his medical history was unremarkable except a fever that had begun 7 days previously . Echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25% with inotropic support including do... |
Eyelid tremor or blepharoclonus is a rare or underdiagnosed involuntary movement that has been found in patients with infarction in the thalamus or drug - induced or idiopathic parkinsonism, suggesting dysfunction of the basal ganglia . Anti - voltage - gated potassium channel antibody - associated encephalitis is now ... |
Fusobacteria are non - sporulating, obligate anaerobic, filamentous, gram - negative bacilli belonging to the bacteroidaceae family . They are constituents of the normal flora of the oropharynx, the female genitourinary tract and the gastrointestinal tract, . Fusobacterium species have traditionally been associated wit... |
Diverse . Many topics are of interest to the navy, and at their core each of them has fundamental aspects that need to be explored and understood . Our focus is on trying to identify the fundamental questions behind the navy's needs and then try to answer them . The true significance of this study is that by using (tet... |
To report a novel missense mutation in the xlrs1 gene in a korean family with x - linked retinoschisis . Observation case report of a family with a proband with x - linked retinoschisis underwent complete ophthalmologic examination . Genomic dna was excluded from the family's blood and all exons of the xlrs1 gene were ... |
The dig labeling kit, digoxigenin - alkaline phosphatase fab fragments and cspd - star ready - to - use were acquired from roche molecular biochemicals (indianapolis, in, usa). Rabbit anti - human c - met polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody to human c - met were acquired from santa cruz biotechnology (c-28, san... |
Figure 2a and b are images showing the spatial dependence of e as recorded with our single pixel imaging scheme . The thz probe beam profile can be observed in the center of both images, with a number of additional features inside the spot . In order to separate the spatial response of the sample from any spatial inhom... |
Iron deficiency anemia (ida) is one of the most important problems of mothers and children especially in developing countries, because it is highly prevalent in pregnancy (1, 2) and is associated with some complications such as preterm birth (3, 4), low birth weight (3, 4), postpartum hemorrhage (3), decrease of iron s... |
Globalization is not a new trend in auxology . For decades, researchers have compared growth and maturation in populations across the world, exploring racial and regional differences and studying the effects of changes in lifestyle . In particular, there has been a longstanding interest in the differences in tempo of m... |
Epithelial ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed when the tumor has already disseminated at the peritoneal surfaces . Although ovarian cancer is one of the most chemosensitive tumors and complete response is achieved in 80%, the majority of patients develop recurrence, and long - term survival is poor [35]. The most sign... |
Gorlin goltz syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is an uncommon, autosomal dominant inherited disorder, which is characterized by numerous basal cell carcinomas (bccs; seen in 5097% of people with the syndrome), maxillary keratocysts (present in about 75% of patients) and musculoskeletal malformations . ... |
Growing research interest in protein - based biomaterials has been stimulated by the demand for alternatives to traditional synthetic polymers that have expanded functional properties to accommodate a broader spectrum of applications . Among various protein candidates, the composition, structure, dissolution, and gelat... |
Immune health is affected by a number of factors including diet, exercise, sleep or environmental factors . More recently, stress has been found to significantly reduce the ability of our immune system to fight infections . One of the ways to overcome the defects of the immune system is the strengthening of the defense... |
Diabetes represents a major risk factor for lower limb amputations; it has been estimated that the presence of diabetes is associated with a 20-fold higher risk of lower limb amputations as compared to people without diabetes . Diabetes - related foot ulcers have been reported with an annual incidence of 2% and a lifet... |
In 1935, pancreaticoduodenectomy (pd) was formally described as a two - stage operation by whipple et al . In annals of surgery . Since then, advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management have decreased the mortality associated with pd to current rates of less than 35% . Despite significant improvements ... |
Pleiotropic effects beyond cholesterol reduction have been reported in statins [2 - 5]. These anti - inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, seen in models of sepsis and acute lung injury (ali), provide the basis for statin therapy in critically ill patients [6 - 10]. Observational data regarding the potential benef... |
Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the central nervous system which causes vasoconstriction and can damage all organ systems . It blocks presynaptic sympathetic reuptake of norepinephrine (ne), causing accumulation in synaptic clefts . Ne induces alpha - adrenergic stimulation and vasoconstriction which is the underlying... |
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia along with alterations of carbohydrate, fat, lipid metabolism resulting from defective insulin secretion or action leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications . Diabetes mellitus affects multiple organ systems, and the allied v... |
Local drug exposure in the central nervous system (cns) is a major determinant of drug effects in the brain . Historically, compounds acting on the cns have been designed to achieve high total concentrations in the brain (high kpbrain or log bb, the ratio between total brain and plasma drug concentration). However, an ... |
A clear understanding of the root canal anatomy of the human dentition is a prerequisite for conventional endodontic procedures . The anatomical complexities of root canal anatomy have been highlighted in the literature and the need for the clinician to understand probable aberrations was emphasized.1 consistent, high ... |
The mantle cell lymphoma (mcl) is a relatively uncommon yet distinct type of malignant lymphoma whose clinical and pathological characterization is limited by the small number of cases published to date . The mcl is a lymphoid malignancy of b - cells of the mantle zone or primary lymphoid follicles . It was first class... |
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions . The authors also would like to thank the national science council of taiwan, for financially supporting this work under contract no . The center of nanoscience and nanotechnology at national chung - hsing un... |
Helminth community dynamics among host populations are influenced by several factors such as variations in host feeding ecology, habitat use, distance between host populations [35], the phylogenetic relatedness of host species within an area coupled with host specificity of helminths [6, 7], and the resulting degree of... |
In addition to preservative - free moisturizing eye drops to be used ad lib,1,2 laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis (lasik) patients are usually prescribed antibiotic and steroid eye drops for the first 514 days after surgery in order to prevent infection and minimize inflammation.37 compliance with prophylactic me... |
Cadasil is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder clinically characterized by a variety of symptoms including migraine with aura, mood disorder, vascular dementia, ischemic stroke and premature death . The vascular lesions underlying cadasil are a non - arteriosclerotic, non - amyloid arteriopathy affecting small cere... |
The diseases with high infectivity and mortality are particularly feared, and in the past, people have regarded such diseases as a disaster or a punishment . However, improvements in identifying the etiology of viral infections and knowledge about microbiology, which were followed by the development of various vaccines... |
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), also known as endotoxins, present on the outer layers of the membrane of gram - negative bacterial species, have been detected in 100% of the root canals with endodontic infection . Higher levels have been related to the severity of bone destruction in periapical tissues as well as to the dev... |
Decreased respiratory is a well - established aftereffect of stroke and contributes to the limitation of independent life and activity in various countries1 . This reduction in respiratory function might affect the recovery level of patients with stroke, who have a greater need for aerobic capacity for walking enduranc... |
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (scad) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction (ami), occurs predominantly in young, otherwise healthy people . The predisposing factors of scad are pregnancy and postpartum period; vigorous exercise; sexual intercourse; recent chest trauma; cocaine abuse; medications like ... |
Self - reported anthropometric data is convenient and inexpensive, but relying on this data requires an accurate estimation of weight and height . Data consistently demonstrate under - reporting of weight and over - reporting of height (8, 12). Underreporting of weight occurs particularly among women (2, 8, 9, 15, 23) ... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both . The chronic hyperglycemia of dm leads to long - term damages to various organs and multiple abnormalities including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (1, 2). Dyslipidemia and hypert... |
In 2001, florida's agency for health care administration (ahca) and pfizer partnered to create a statewide disease management program to address multiple chronic diseases . The duration of this program was more than 5 years, between july 2001 and december 2006 . A detailed explanation of the program's design, intervent... |
An otherwise healthy 64-year - old caucasian man presented with worsening right inguinal pain since 3 months . A computed tomography scan showed a 7 7.5-cm mass infiltrating the right psoas muscle, a right - sided hilar lung lesion, enlarged ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes and a 4.5 3-cm adrenal mass . A bronchosco... |
Small non - coding rnas (srnas), which are discovered in many organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals, play important regulatory roles in cell physiology including regulation of cell development, cell death and chromosome silencing (1). Many of them regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level, either by ... |
Since 2000, the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in the u.s . Has been increasing . During 2005 - 2006, the number of cases reported to cdc increased 12.4% for early latent syphilis (from 8176 to 9186), 9.9% for late and late latent syphilis (from 16 049 to 17 644), and 11.0% for the total number of cases of... |
Recent decades have yielded unprecedented advances in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression . Translation of this knowledge to the clinic promises new treatments tailored to exploit the molecular achilles heel of a patient s tumor (13). This has been described as personal... |
In the development of nutritional and physical activity interventions, understanding resting metabolic rate (rmr) is important to identify the absolute daily energy requirement and achieve desirable energy consumption1 . Rmr provides energy necessary to maintain body functions at rest and accounts for 6080% of total en... |
Autism is a severe childhood neuro - developmental disorder characterized by significant impairments, such as social deficits, delay and deviance in language development and communication skills, and displays of stereotypic behaviors, activities and interests (bonora et al ., 2003; bartlett et al ., 2005; skaar et al .... |
Abdominal obesity (ao) is a central component of the metabolic syndrome (mets)1 and a predictor of several cardiometabolic abnormalities.2 to assess ao and thereby identify subjects at cardiometabolic risk (cmr), anthropometric indicators such as waist circumference (wc) and waist - to - height ratio (whtr) remain simp... |
Immunoglobulin a nephropathy (igan) is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic hematuria to advanced renal failure . Dialysis - dependent renal failure at presentation in igan is usually due to crescentic glomerulonephritis . Although tma secondary to glomerular diseases ... |
The kelvin - planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics says that it is impossible to construct a heat engine to receive heat and to convert it completely into work . However, it does not indicate how much of heat is convertible into a useful form of energy; i.e. Work . The first mathematical formulation of t... |
The historical and geographic origins of typhus are disputed . Despite early evidence for typhus in europe, it is unclear whether typhus was imported from europe to the new world during colonization or vice versa (3). During the 16th century, typhus fever was gradually distinguished from diseases with similar clinical ... |
The msp area is composed of 7 counties with a population of 2,642,056 (2000 us census) and 24 acute - care hospitals . Requests were sent to medical record departments of these hospitals for data on inpatients discharged from hospitals from january 1, 2000, through december 31, 2003, whose medical records indicated> 1 ... |
High - risk prostate cancer is a category of prostate cancer that includes an aggressive tumor and/or a high tumor burden [1, 2]. Importantly, inadequate local control in the management of the high - risk prostate cancer patients leads to metastasis or death . Therefore, for optimal radiotherapy results in high - risk ... |
K. pneumoniae belonging to the family of enterobacteriaceae is an important opportunist human pathogen associated with hospital - acquired infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, or bacteraemias [13]. This species naturally produces a broad - spectrum -lactamase of the shv-1 type or penicillinase len th... |
In the previous issue of critical care, waerhaug and colleagues test the hypothesis that inhaled activated protein c (apc), a novel therapy approved for the treatment of severe sepsis, may be an effective treatment for acute lung injury (ali). The benefits of apc therapy in sepsis are likely due to its anti - coagulant... |
Significant contributions to the field of drug discovery research have been achieved using traditional in vitro culture of a 2d monolayer of cells seeded onto tissue culture polystyrene (tcps). However, there are some drawbacks to tcps in that it lacks the ability to provide a cellular microenvironment that imitates th... |
Acute cardiac events such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias are an important cause of death in end stage liver disease (esld) patients both at the time of and after liver transplantation (lt). However, identifying lt candidates at risk for adverse cardiac events remains a challenge . T... |
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (acl) of the knee is a common injury with a growing incidence in professional and recreational sportspersons [1, 2], reflected in the growing number of surgical acl reconstructions performed each year . Knee stability is generally restored by arthroscopic ligament reconstructio... |
The project was supported by national natural science foundation of china (71303248, and 71233008), and young scientist fund of second military medical university (2012qn09). |
As is frequently the case in breast cancer research, much of the fundamental biology begins with the mouse . In fact, what are now called emt tumors were first described as carcinosarcomas in the mouse mammary tumor literature of the early 1990 s [1, 2]. The first report of a mouse mammary tumor using microscopic exami... |
In the new global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (gold) guidelines, the patients symptoms can be assessed by either the modified medical research council (mmrc) dyspnea score or the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) assessment test (cat) score.1 mrc was developed to help physicians establish... |
The practice of science was once the realm of amateur practitioners, and those without formal scientific training, such as antonie van leeuwenhoek, joseph priestly, and benjamin franklin, have made major contributions . However, the scientific research process has become increasingly professionalized over the last cent... |
In the long intervening period between initiation of carcinogenic tobacco habits and the development of invasive oral cancers, well - defined oral potentially malignant lesions may occur, of which leukoplakia is the most common . Leukoplakia is a white plaque of questionable premalignant risk, having excluded other kno... |
Malignant changes which can arise in chronic lymphedema include kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and squamous cell carcinoma . The association with squamous cell carcinoma has been noted previously involving the upper limb and lower limb lymphedema, with additional factors for carci... |
Over the last decades, advances in diagnostic imaging techniques have been impressive . At the same time, this success has resulted in an increase in unrequested information during the diagnostic work - up of patients . Unrequested information can be defined as imaging abnormalities of potential clinical relevance that... |
Symptoms of disturbed night - time sleep in people with depression have been described extensively in both clinical and epidemiological studies . In clinical samples, difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep (including earlymorning wakening) or both have been reported in about three quarters of all depressed patie... |
Small cell carcinoma usually occurs in the lung, but can occur in a variety of other sites . It is aggressive and has a similar histological appearance wherever it occurs . In the advanced stage of the disease, metastases usually occur in the liver, but they can also occur in the other organs . Lung cancer metastases t... |
There are more than 100,000 colours of synthetic dyes produced commercially, and over 7 10 tons of dyes are produced annually worldwide . Dyes are used throughout the world in textile, paper, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries and also used as additives in petroleum products . Synthetic dyes are extensively ... |
The impact of histochemistry on biological and medical research is always high, with widespread application in a large variety of topics . During the last three years, more than 65,000 articles have been published in qualified journals (according to the web of science and scopus databases), and it would be interesting ... |
The case of a presently 68 year old female with malignant, metastatic insulinoma is reported . Due to severe clinical symptoms after two years without any symptoms, the remaining hepatic metastases increased in size and again hypoglycemias occurred . To reachieve an asymptomatic state and further reduction in tumor mas... |
Determinar a prevalncia de atopia e avaliar o perfil clnico, laboratorial e radiolgico de pacientes com dpoc . Estudo de corte transversal com pacientes ambulatoriais portadores de dpoc estvel (definida pela histria clnica e relao vef1/cvf <70% do previsto aps broncodilatador). Os pacientes responderam um questionrio c... |
The inflammatory response is critical for fighting infections and wound healing and is thus indispensable for survival [1, 2]. Thus, the immune response to injury and infection needs to be tightly controlled . In order to specifically interfere with excessive leukocyte transendothelial migration (tem), a detailed under... |
Health promotion is the process of empowering people to have control over their health and improve it . It is more than paying attention to individual behaviors, and includes a wide range of social and environmental interventions . One of the most important fields in health promotion is health education, and schools ar... |
Renal artery stenosis is a hallmark of ischemic nephropathy and is associated with renovascular hypertension . Atherosclerosis accounts for 90% of cases of renal artery stenosis and usually involves the ostium and the proximal third of the main renal artery and the perirenal aorta . After endovascular intervention, res... |
Patients should be attended immediately if they experience swelling of the face, neck, or tongue, along with trouble breathing, speaking, or swallowing . An 8-year - old boy, previously diagnosed as cerebral palsy with developmental delay, microcephaly and mental retardation, presented with sudden onset of huge swellin... |
Unanticipated difficult pediatric airway often presents unique challenges . In the case of difficult direct laryngoscopy, oxygenation and ventilation oral surgeries need better securing of the airway, and in most cases, a nasal endotracheal tube (ett) is essential . We present the airway management of an infant in whic... |
Depression is characterized by the presence of two core symptoms, depressed mood and anhedonia (decreased pleasure or interest). It is also accompanied, however, by a plethora of other signs and symptoms, such as changes in appetite and sleeping, fatigue and loss of energy, psychomotor agitation or retardation, feeling... |
Copd is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is expected to become the third - leading cause of death and the fifth - leading cause of disability - adjusted life years lost in 2020.1 patients with copd suffer recurrent exacerbations that require hospitalization . Reducing admissions to the h... |
The present study was approved by the research ethics committee for animal experimentation of the tokyo university of agriculture and technology . In this study, 18 male and 18 female wistar rats (weight, 180300 g), purchased from tokyo laboratory animal science co. (tokyo, japan) were used . All animals were euthanize... |
In patients with cancer pain of moderate to severe intensity, treatment is based on regular administration of opioid analgesics and adjuvant analgesics (coanalgesics) for effective pain relief . However, in spite of this regular treatment, an exacerbation of pain may appear, and is known as breakthrough pain . Breakthr... |
Osteoarthritis (oa) is a disease influencing the body joints . In this disease, the articular surfaces of the joint are damaged and the smooth motion of the joint is disturbed . More than 13% of american, aged 55 to 64 years, and more than 17% with aged 65 to 74 years have knee oa associated with pain and functional li... |
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