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Displaced fractures of the acetabulum are best treated with anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation.123 superior outcomes are associated with anatomic reduction of the weight bearing dome of the acetabulum.1 most of the acetabular fractures (98%) can be managed by a single appropriate operative approach.1 howe... |
Vaccination records kept at a moslem center in singapore were reviewed to identify pilgrims on the hajj pilgrimage in 2001 . Returning pilgrims, all of whom had received pre - hajj quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, were contacted and invited to participate in the study . Tonsillopharyngeal swabs specim... |
Recent closings of rural hospitals, anecdotal evidence of rural elderly persons having difficulty gaining access to health services, and the large and growing number of elderly persons living in rural areas have renewed concern about access to care for elderly persons living in rural areas . There is also reason to bel... |
Malaria is a common protozoan disease in tropical countries caused by the genus plasmodium transmitted by the bite of infected anopheles mosquitoes . Severe complicated malaria is most frequently caused by plasmodium falciparum and much less commonly by plasmodium vivax or other plasmodium species . Abdominal pain as a... |
Many clinical decisions are based upon clinical guidelines that use a fixed laboratory test result for treatment decisions . A basic problem in laboratory medicine is that different laboratory measurement procedures that intend to measure the same measurand may give different results for the same specimen . If differen... |
The classical risk model is specified as(1)u(t)=x+cts(t),where x 0 is the initial surplus and c is the constant rate at which the premiums are received . The aggregate claims process {s(t)} is assumed to be a compound poisson process, which denotes the total number of claims up to time t. denote the time of arrival of ... |
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (imr) is one of the most important coronary artery disease complications and, in particular, myocardial infarction (mi). Imr can occur during acute or chronic mi, and it is defined as mitral regurgitation (mr) secondary to regional wall motion abnormality or papillary muscle dysfunction in... |
Paediatric supracondylar fractures can be challenging to treat and are the most common elbow fractures in children, accounting for 75% of all paediatric elbow injuries [1, 2]. There are well - known complications associated with supracondylar fractures and their treatment neurovascular injury, compartment syndrome, and... |
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica was first identified in 1996 as a distinct type of the epidermal nevus syndrome 1 . On the skin, it is manifested as a combination of the linear nevus sebaceous and the speckled lentiginous nevus, also known as nevus spilus . Other associated features reported in patients with phacomatos... |
Uterine myomectomy is the preferred treatment for women who desire to preserve their reproductive apparatus . It has been documented that the laparoscopic approach offers several advantages in opposition to laparotomy, such as shorter hospitalization, reduced postoperative pain, and lower risk of postoperative adhesion... |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (men1) is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors of the parathyroids, pancreatic islets, and anterior pituitary . In addition to these tumors, adrenal cortical, carcinoid, facial angiofibromas, collagenomas, and lipomatous tumors may also occur in some patients . Men1 is ... |
We obtained 3 adult female alpacas (vicugna pacos) from a commercial supplier in victoria, australia, and housed them in the biosafety level 3 containment facility at the csiro australian animal health laboratory . Before experiments, the alpacas were allowed to acclimatize for 6 days; during this time, intrauterine te... |
Plch is a rare interstitial smoking - related disease that usually affects young adults . The typical first ct shows a mix of nodules, cavitary nodules and cysts in the upper - middle lungs . Atypical appearance, either cysts or nodules alone, mandates that other diagnoses be considered . Lung cystic involvement correl... |
So far, a variety of technologies has been employed in hospitals to improve the quality of services provided for the patients and the efficiency and effectiveness of the personnel . One of the most common technologies is electronic medical record (emr's) which nowadays a great number of hospitals utilize to offer medic... |
Passive transport of drugs through membranes is the main process limiting their penetration into cells (in the absence of a specific active transporter) and thus a key step in their administration to the bodies of humans (and animals). Diffusion through membrane and partitioning between water and membrane phases are th... |
In general, aortic surgery using total circulatory arrest (tca) requires myocardial protection using hypothermia and cardioplegic solution (cps), causing decrease of oxygen demand and metabolism in myocardial cell - like routine open heart surgery . At this point, if omission or minimal infusion of cps is achieved, sev... |
Histologically, it is classified into hydatidiform mole invasive mole (chorioadenoma destruens), choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor . Those that invade locally or metastasize are collectively known as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (gtn). While invasive mole and choriocarcinoma are malignant, ... |
Tongue diagnosis (sh zhn) is one of the four diagnostic methods in traditional chinese medicine (zhng y s zhn), which is an important subdivision of contemporary complementary and alternative medicine (cam; b chng y t di y xu) in the world . According to the textbook of tcm, tongue color (sh s) is a crucial component i... |
The use of thiazolidinediones (tzd) in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of fluid retention and edema . The epithelial sodium channel (enac) is reported to play a role in tzdinduced fluid retention . In order to investigate the factors contributing to tzdinduced edema... |
Developments in three - dimensional imaging and manufacturing processes have made the customization of orthodontic appliances to improve treatment efficiency possible . Advances in technology have yielded two patient - specific products that utilize computers to create an interactive treatment plan, and then manufactur... |
We are now facing a worldwide epidemic of obesity, a major risk factor in the development of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, fatty liver, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis . Obesity is the state of excessive accumulation of triglyceride in adipose tissues because of a prolonged positive energ... |
Even though dental caries has experienced a significant decrease worldwide, it remains one of the most prevalent childhood diseases, especially in low and middle income countries [sheiham, 2005]. In brazil, despite the improvement over the last decades, dental caries is the most important oral health problem, and it is... |
Dry eye is described as a state of abnormal tear film that can be caused by a number of conditions which alter its composition and affect its stability . It is one of the most important factors influencing the quality of life in elderly population . Moderate and severe dry eye can impair the ability of patients to perf... |
The anterior dislocation of the hip represents only a small percentage of all hip dislocations: 85% are posterior . Most commonly associated with this dislocation is a fracture of the femoral head and, in rare cases, a femoral neck fracture . We have found in literature no report of an anterior dislocation of the hip a... |
An estimated 1.7 million people sustain tbi each year in the united states, and more than 5 million people are coping with disabilities from tbi at an annual cost of more than $76 billion . Despite improved supportive and rehabilitative care of tbi patients, no effective pharmacological treatments are available for red... |
Diabetic retinopathy (dr) is one of the major complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of blindness among working people in developed countries . The symptoms are elevated blood sugar levels, blurred vision, dark spots or flashing lights, and sudden loss of vision . The development of dr can be divided into n... |
Patient satisfaction is one of the most important and widely used indicators in measuring health care quality and outcomes (1 - 3). In recent years, there has been a growing interest in assessing patient satisfaction to identify care dimensions requiring improvement (1). According to the american college of healthcare ... |
Skin metastases have been reported with an increasing frequency ranging from 0.7 - 10.4% in patients with cancer . However in some cases, skin metastases may be the initial clinical indication of internal, occult or even unknown primary malignancies . As such, the detection of skin metastases requires a high index of c... |
Biasp 30 od, b.i.d ., and t.i.d . Versus bhi 30 od.study 2 . Biasp 30 t.i.d . Versus basal - bolus therapy (insulin glargine od plus insulin glulisine t.i.d . ). All participants had type 2 diabetes for 12 months and were insulin treated for 3 months with no oral therapy for 6 months . Biasp 30 t.i.d . Versus basal - b... |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (psc) is a rare chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts 1 2 . The progressive fibrosis of the bile ducts may lead to stricture formation, cholestasis and consecutive biliary cirrhosis 3 4 . To date, n... |
The nice knot is a double stranded knot that has been recently proposed for tuberosity osteosynthesis in the management of proximal humerus fractures . Arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair is also proposed as a novel application of the nice knot . Biomechanical data supporting the use of the nice knot in eithe... |
Patients and clinical data - from october 2012-october 2013, 72 randomly selected sepsis patients were followed . These patients were admitted to the risoleta tolentino neves hospital icu in belo horizonte, brazil . Sepsis diagnosis was based on the criteria established by the american college of chest physicians (bone... |
The epstein - barr virus - induced gene 3 (ebi3) is a member of the interleukin-12 (il-12) family structurally homologous to the il-12p40 subunit and forms a heterodimer either with the il-27p28 subunit to build il-27 or with il-12p35 subunit to form il-35 . Il-27 is secreted by activated antigen presenting cells with ... |
The intrauterine existence of fetus is dependent on one vital organ the placenta . Placenta is essential for maintenance of pregnancy and for promoting normal growth and development of fetus . It forms the morphological record of anatomical condition, intrauterine events and intrapartum events of gestation . Pregnancy ... |
It is well - known that blood pressure is often elevated in the early stage of acute ischemic stroke . This early elevation in blood pressure is considered to play an important role in maintaining the cerebral circulation and collateral blood circulation in the penumbra region; however, the mechanism is not fully under... |
Phosphonates playing a very minor role in biological systems than phosphates are accessible by a variety of methods . In previous papers, we have shown that phosphoric acid derivates, phosphates, s - alkyl thiophosphates, and phosphoramidates can be base - induced isomerized at low temperatures to -hydroxy-, -mercapto-... |
Metastatic temporal tumor is an uncommon disease, and it is difficult to be diagnosed because it is mostly shown with no clinical symptoms.1,2,3,4,5) the most common origin of the metastasis is breast cancer, followed by lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, larynx and thyroid gland cancers . The most frequen... |
To identify, define and quantify criteria which are common to integrated care models . To build a framework with these criteria which will enable the evaluation of prospective integrated care activities identification of relevant and applicable quantifiers . Identification and analysis of criteria for success common to... |
There are currently three cloned ppars (,, and /), all of which are expressed in different tissues at various levels and are involved in numerous cellular events including metabolism, differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis [14]. The glitazone receptor, ppar, is abundant in brown adipose tissue, intestine... |
1b, a), we treated 1,2-diphenylacetylene (1a) with n, n - dibenzyl - o - benzoylhydroxylamine (2a, 1.2 equiv .) And an excess of diethoxymethylsilane (3) in the presence of 2 mol% copper acetate and a range of phosphine ligands . A number of ligands could be used to perform the direct hydroamination reaction, and the r... |
There are now nearly 230 million people living outside their country of birth (1, 2). With a growing population of immigrants in a country, an increased use of the health - care sector at different levels will be unavoidable and this process poses a major challenge to health - care professionals to provide individualiz... |
Wound is defined as the disruption of the anatomic and cellular continuity of tissue caused by chemical, physical, thermal, microbial, or immunological injury to the tissue . Wound healing processes consist of integrated cellular and biochemical cascades leading to reestablishment of structural and functional integrity... |
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) and their axons, changes in optic disc topography, and associated deficits of visual function . Early detection is important to initiate treatment in the earliest phases of glaucoma and to avoid its natural progression to... |
Tropical regions harbor a substantial portion of the worlds biodiversity and some of the most diverse and threatened biomes on the planet . The atlantic forest is the second largest tropical forest in south america, with an original coverage of ~1.5 million km, of which only 11.416% remains (ribeiro et al ., 2009). The... |
The pde superfamily consists of 11 subtypes (pde1pde11), the classification of which is based largely on their sequence homology . Pde1, pde2, pde3, pde10, and pde11 hydrolyse cgmp and camp, pde4, pde7, and pde 8 preferentially cleave camp, while pde5, pde6, and pde9 cleave cgmp . Pde5 is highly expressed in the cerebe... |
Medical statistics show, that more than 20.000 new cases of lung cancer, 17.000 new cases of breast cancer, 15.000 new cases of colorectal cancer and 9.200 new cases of prostate cancer are recorded every year in poland (2). Emergence of disease entails long - term consequences for patients, including not only stress re... |
Deaths in prison are obviously correlated to the difficult conditions the detainees are facing in everyday life . Overcrowding, impoverished prison conditions, segregation and poor medical care have direct implications on people s mental and physical health . It is a recognized fact that prisoners are a vulnerable soci... |
This article presents statistics on health care utilization, prices, expenses, employment, and work hours, as well as on national economic activity . Some of these statistics are based on sample surveys conducted monthly or quarterly by government agencies or private organizations, and are available 1 to 3 months after... |
Osteoarticular tuberculosis of foot is uncommon and that of calcaneum is very rare . In children, diagnosis is often delayed as clinical presentation is non - specific and awareness is low due to its rare presentation . Also pediatric tuberculosis has traditionally received a lower priority than adult tb in national tb... |
Prevention of physical abuse of children is a critical goal that has received attention from several leading advocates for children's rights in international contexts, including unicef and the world health organization . The convention on the rights of the child, which has been ratified by all except two members of the... |
Stroke (focal cerebral injury with an underlying vascular basis) is typically classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic subtypes . Ischemic stroke (is) is further subdivided into arterial ischemic stroke (ais) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (csvt). Stroke is increasingly recognized as a serious neurologic disorders o... |
Previous studies using cloninger's temperament and character model have provided important information for investigating individual differences in cognitive behaviors and basic stimulus - response characteristics . In this model, temperament primarily consists of four dimensions: novelty seeking (ns), harm avoidance, r... |
Six- to 8-week - old male balb / c and c57bl/6 mice (taconic farms, germantown, ny, usa) were used in the experiments, and mice were anesthetized using a mixture of ketamine, xylazine, and acepromazine (50 mg, 10 mg, and 1 mg / kg body weight, respectively) for each surgical procedure . All mice were treated according ... |
Neisseria meningitidis is the prime cause of bacterial meningitis and fatal sepsis in human [1, 2]. It has been a serious public health threat worldwide due to higher rates of morbidity and mortality [3, 4]. Only 6 (a, b, c, w, x, and y) of 13 immunologically distinct serogroups are clinically relevant and responsible ... |
In recent years, the use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging has increased and led to the remarkable increase of collective effective dose to the population . The ionizing radiation dose due to medical imaging in the north of iran was estimated in 2006 while it was estimated 9.6 sv per capita . Nuclear medicine (n... |
This disorder gradually leads to end stage renal disease (esrd) (1). The esrd is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (gfr) lower than15 ml / min/1.73 m2 body surface area (2). The incidence and prevalence of esrd patients have increased dramatically throughout the world during the last few decades, including in ira... |
A 39-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital due to the presence of a pulsatile mass on her right inner thigh . The patient complained of tightness with distension at the inner surface of her right thigh, which was developed 2 months ago and increased in size . She had no definite history of trauma on the right l... |
Horner syndrome (hs) was characterized first in humans by johann friedrich horner in 186911). Hs results from interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway at anywhere along its course between the hypothalamus and the orbit1). Hs is characterized by the classic triad of ipsilateral eyelid ptosis, miosis and facial anhid... |
This study deals with one particular offshore supply vessel, built for offshore construction and subsea operations all over the world . Its potable water system was in accordance with the norwegian regulations in effect by the time for delivery and had been updated and improved before 2008 with respect to barriers (fil... |
A three - year health promotion project was started in the vantaa pds in 2006 . The main reason for the project was that the oral health of children and adolescents had been deteriorating . For prevention of early childhood caries, the oral health promotion was started earlier than before by giving health advice to exp... |
The most frequent causes are mechanical and reactive factors, infectious diseases, and neoplasms, as well as autoimmune and hematological disorders . In all of these conditions, the main clinical feature is an ulcer, involving all epithelial layers with no tendency to heal . Mucosal injuries of the gastrointestinal tra... |
Androgenetic alopecia (aga) is the most common form of hair loss experienced in genetically predisposed individuals . It occurs due to the stimulation of genetically susceptible hair follicles by dihydrotestosterone (dht). Finasteride reduces dht level by inhibiting type ii 5 reductase, the enzyme responsible for conve... |
There are some cases that reported central retinal vein occlusion accompanied by ciliary artery occlusion, however, combined branch retinal artery and vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported . We describe in this report one case of retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusio... |
Body temperature is regulated by the anterior hypothalamus when the peripheral temperature reaches a certain threshold . This regulation is mainly achieved by reflex activity when the temperature exceeds or falls below a certain level . In addition, regional anesthesia - related perioperative hypothermia may occur abov... |
Healthy volunteers were recruited during 2 separate periods in september 2007 and june 2009 . The first recruitment period (18 specimens) did not specifically exclude volunteers who had had gastrointestinal disturbances in the 10 days before sampling . The second (31 specimens) were healthy volunteers who had normal bo... |
From january 1980 to november 2001, 293 consecutive patients with hcm were evaluated in padua university hcm center and were assessed for the occurrence and clinicopathological profile of progressive, severe heart failure . Median follow - up was 6 years (inter - quartile range 211 years). Fifty - one patients with che... |
Harmful algal blooms (habs) are caused by blooms of algae known as phytoplankton; these include organisms such as dinoflagellates, diatoms and cyanobacteria [16]. Habs can occur in all aquatic environments . In marine environments, they are also known as red tides because some of these organisms can change the color of... |
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (nmscs) consist of, for the most part, squamous cell carcinoma (scc) and basal cell carcinoma (bcc), if tumors of mucous membrane are excluded . The incidence shows an inverse relation with the degree of pigmentation, presumably due to the protective effect of eumelanin on ultraviolet light (uv... |
Urinary tract infections (utis) are the most common infections and are mostly caused by gram - negative bacteria . Almost 150 million cases of utis per year were reported worldwide . According to an estimation, almost 40 - 50% of women experience utis once in lifetime . Based on the surveys, uti is an independent risk ... |
A total of 15,910 patients admitted to the second hospital in nanjing, jiangsu province, china, because of suspected acute viral hepatitis during january 1, 2001april 30, 2011, were evaluated by physicians to determine whether they were infected with hev . This study was conducted in accordance with national ethics reg... |
Currently, ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunt is widely accepted and practiced as the standard diversion procedure . This procedure, however, remains morbid because of the inherent risk imposed by brain cannulation and the open abdominal incision for the placement of the distal tip of the shunt . With the introduction of ... |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ngo) is an exclusive pathogen of humans that infects the mucosal epithelia of the male urethra and the female lower genital tract . It is the etiological agent of gonorrhea, and, for women in particular, infection can spread into the upper reproductive tract, including the fallopian tubes (fts). ... |
Etiologically they are classified as primary (idiopathic) and secondary (co existing with another disease or drug induced). The most common form of aiha is characterized by the presence of warm type of autoantibodies, which are igg type and react optimally at 37c, causing rbc destruction extravascularly by tissue macro... |
For the last third of a century, the european nucleotide archive (ena; http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena) has served as a cornerstone of the world's bioinformatics infrastructure . In 2016, the resource continues as a broad and heavily used platform for the sharing, publication, safeguarding and reuse of globally comprehensive ... |
The differential diagnosis of fever and back pain in an intravenous drug abuser is broad . Pyomyositis is an intramuscular abscess of the large skeletal muscle groups with most initial cases in the tropics but with increasing worldwide distribution in nontropical areas as well . Diagnosis is based on a combination of c... |
Parkinson disease (pd) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that results in cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, as well as postural and gait disturbances . Pd is also associated with significant non - motor symptoms, which are linked to either primary disease or therapies used in... |
Calcifying ghost cell odontogenic cyst (cgcoc) is a heterogeneous group of lesion existing either as cystic or solid variant. [14] the cystic lesion comprises majority of cgcoc accounting for 85% of cases . Clinically, cgcoc may present either as central (85%) or peripheral lesion (15%). It shows bimodal age of occurre... |
Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) denotes an abnormal positional relationship of the disc relative to the mandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa which is accompanied with tmj pain, abnormal sounds, muscle tenderness, and limitation of mouth opening . Discectomy of the tmj has been used in the ... |
M+c health plans accept the risk of providing a defined set of insurance benefits to an enrolled population in return for a prospective monthly payment from the federal government . In addition to the federal government payment, m+c plans may collect out - of - pocket premiums from enrollees . In 2001, 83 percent of al... |
This case report describes an unstable ligamentous injury of the cervical spine, secondary to trauma suffered during an amateur rugby match . The proportion of these cervical spine injuries to be purely ligamentous after blunt trauma has been shown to be 0.6%, with half of this population presenting with neurological d... |
Gingival enlargement is a common feature of gingival disease and represents an exuberant response to variety of local and systemic conditions . The gingival and associated soft tissues of the periodontium may be enlarged in response to various interactions between the host and environment . Although such enlargements u... |
The obesity epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon in recent years . In japan, the mean body mass index (bmi) has consistently increased in every age category of men from 1976 to 1995 . However, the trend differs in women; although the mean bmi has increased in older women (over 60 years of age), it has decreased i... |
We obtained human recombinant insulin (solubilized according to the recommendations of the manufacturer in 10 mmol / l acetic acid, 100 mmol / l nacl, and 0.01% bsa to a stock concentration of 100 mol / l); wortmannin; 1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1h - hexahydro-1,4-diazepine (ml-9); lps (e. coli 0111:b4); indome... |
Procedures and experiments described herein were approved by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) institutional animal care and use committee and conducted in strict accordance with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (10). Cdc is a fully accredited research facility of the association ... |
A good understanding of their olfactory systems is important both in agriculture and in the control of insect - mediated diseases . Odorants are usually volatile and poorly soluble molecules . When they enter the aqueous lymph of the sensilla on an insect s antennae they bind to odorant binding proteins (obps), which s... |
The majority of granular cell tumors occur in the head and neck region, with a predilection for occurrence in the tongue . Tracheal lesions are by far the least common . A confirmative diagnosis for gcts should be made histopathologically and should be supported by immunohistochemical staining . The treatment of a gran... |
Oleoma is characterized by a non - allergic, foreign body type granulomatous reaction, as response to injection of exogenous oily substances (mineral, vegetable, or animal oil) into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, for aesthetic purposes (magrin et al ., 2010). The clinical picture is characterized by tumors or harde... |
Epidemic poliomyelitis was one of the important emergent viral diseases of the twentieth century [1, 2]. While several lines of evidence point to the occurrence of poliomyelitis in pre - modern societies [35], medical references to the disease prior to the nineteenth century are few in number and are consistent with th... |
Insects use digestive enzymes in their midguts to break down proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates for the nutrients they contain and thereby obtain the nutrition needed for their growth and development . Plant protease inhibitors are important natural plant defenses targeting insect proteases.14 naturally occurr... |
Search cvd is an ancillary study to the search for diabetes in youth study, conducted in colorado and ohio . Search is a multicenter study that conducts population - based ascertainment of nongestational cases of physician - diagnosed diabetes in youth aged <20 years at diagnosis (13). A total of 406 youth who had a ph... |
The most common chronic disorder nowadays is obesity, which is defined as excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (fat), traditionally defined with body mass index (bmi) exceeding 30 kg / m . The majority of adipose tissues in the human body are deposited as subcutaneous or visceral fat, differing in their structure a... |
The study population included second- and third - generation japanese americans who were between 34 and 76 years of age enrolled in the japanese american community diabetes study . Details about the selection and recruitment of this study population have been published previously (6,7). Subjects were chosen from volunt... |
The overall prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients remains poor due to many risk factors, including late diagnosis, high incidence of tumor recurrence after curative resection, and resistance to chemotherapy . Since cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses a wide variety of cell types, effective... |
Human hydatidosis or human cystic echinococcosis (hce) is a chronic parasitic infection disease caused by the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus which has an important effect on public health in human populations [1, 2]. It can be transmitted by infected feces of dogs via soil, vegetables, contact with dog, water,... |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) at its onset may involve one or more organ systems and over a time additional manifestations may appear after a variable period . The systems involved in sle are musculoskeletal, cutaneous, renal, nervous system, hematological, vascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and ocular . Hemat... |
Angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and chronic wound healing are natural repairing mechanisms that occur in human body . However, there are some critical defects of size in which these tissues cannot regenerate themselves and need clinical repair . Therefore, the treatment for posttraumatic skeletal conditions such as bone lo... |
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disorder of airways of lungs resulting in airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bhr) to a variety of stimuli and symptoms of wheeze, cough, and breathlessness . It continues to have a severe impact on global public health problem, affecting an estimated 300 million peop... |
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