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Psychological stress describes what people feel when they are under mental, physical, or emotional pressure . People who experience high levels of psychological stress may develop health problems (mental and/or physical). Stress can be caused both by daily responsibilities and routine events, as well as by more unusual...
Leptomeningeal spread of primary tumors of the central nervous system (cns) through cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is uncommon . It may appear in tumors like medulloblastomas [world health organization (who) grade iv], ependymomas and high - grade gliomas, but exceedingly rare in low - grade gliomas . Up to now, only nine c...
The two glycoproteins of the influenza virus membrane, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), both recognize sialic acid (13). Initiation of virus infection involves multiple has binding to sialic acids on carbohydrate side chains of cell - surface glycoproteins and glycolipids (46). Following virus replication, th...
Mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) has been regarded as an ideal material for perforation repair, retrograde filling, pulp capping, and apexification since its introduction in 1993.1,2 the principle compounds present in mta are several mineral oxides that are responsible for the chemical and physical properties of this m...
Previous investigations demonstrated that although the sand fly vector is the main cause of leishmania transmission into humans (1), the parasite can also be transmitted via blood transfusions (2), needlestick injury (3), or the mother / child route during pregnancy (4). Various clinical manifestations, including cutan...
Anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a common complication that has been associated with poor outcomes such as cardiovascular complications and mortality . Erythropoiesis - stimulating agents (esas) have been available for almost two decades and remain the central strategy for the treatment of anaem...
Congenital tuberculosis is a rare clinical presentation of tuberculosis infection . Even in areas endemic for the disease, congenital tuberculosis has rarely been reported . We report a 6-week - old female infant who presented with difficulty in breathing since birth . The diagnosis was made based on x - ray chest, whi...
Inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) proteins were identified by lois miller and colleagues in a screen for baculoviral genes that could prevent apoptosis of insect cells infected with a virus in which the caspase - inhibitory gene p35 was mutated . Analysis of the sequence of this iap showed that it bore two domains, termed b...
Agent abuse has been demonstrated to exert detrimental impact upon learning and memory . Over the past epoch, the number of drug consumers has unfortunately increased and concerns have been articulated pertaining to abused agents in various societies (2, 3). Memory dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms following ch...
Cognitive screening tests need to detect and manage the problems associated with deteriorated cognitive functions caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury or neurological psychiatric disorders, such as dementia or delirium1, 2 . Mmse (mini - mental status examination) and ncse (neuro - behavior cognitive status examina...
It is initiated by the capture and subsequent rolling of circulating leukocytes on the activated vascular endothelium, followed by cell activation, firm adhesion, and trans - endothelial migration . Cell rolling is a crucial step in this cascade since it defines the contact time of leukocytes with chemokines bound to g...
Retained foreign object (rfo) is a collective term used to describe any object left unintentionally in the body, at the end of a surgical or other interventional procedure . Although not precise, gossypiboma is the commonest term used to refer to this condition, and other terms also exist . A female patient, aged 39 ye...
More than one - third of americans have a body mass index (bmi) greater than 30, and current and future surgeons will be forced to address the issue.1 studies have shown that obese patients who undergo spine surgery have higher rates of perioperative and postoperative complications, such as urinary and pulmonary compli...
Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem which affects a high percentage of women . In addition to pelvic floor muscles exercise, surgery has played an important role in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (sui). It should be possible to offer a surgical procedure which is highly effective, safe and has...
It has caused significant damage to the livestock industry in different regions of the world (2). Who has included this disease in the list of the most important foodborne helminthic diseases (4). Fasciolosis has been also introduced as an emerging or re - emerging disease by international institute of food technology ...
Francisella tularensis is a small, non - motile, gram negative bacterium, and the causative agent of tularemia . Tularensis causes severe disease in humans and other mammals following exposure to small numbers (<15 bacteria) of bacteria . F. tularensis can be transmitted following exposure to aerosols, contaminated bio...
A 26-day - old, 8-pound, full - term infant girl was transferred to saint peter s university hospital for evaluation of fever and hyperbilirubinemia . For 1 week, she was not feeding well and was gagging and irritable . On the day of admission, the mother (a migrant crop worker) reported having had an uneventful pregna...
Subsequently, the interview guide was validated by experts who had expertise in the qualitative and/or cosmeceutical fields . In addition, opinions from the laymen were obtained to ensure the interview guide can be understandable by the consumers from all levels of society . Several changes were made to the questions i...
Retrograde jejuno - gastric intussusception is a rare complication of gastrojejunostomy and billroth ii reconstruction . About 200 cases of jejuno - gastric intussusception have been reported so far, in literature with the first case reported in 1914 by bozzi after gastrojejunostomy . A 42-year - old female presented w...
Various protein protein interaction inhibitors (ippis) are in development to treat cancer, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, arthritis, viral infection, bacterial infection, etc ., and several have advanced into clinical trials and beyond . Historically, ppi interfaces have been considered comparatively in...
Defects created after circumferential pharyngectomy poses special challenges to reconstructive surgeons . The segment of upper digestive tract between the oropharynx and esophagus is lost, and the conduit has to be restored for the passage of food during future swallowing . Various options of reconstruction are availab...
The term translational recoding describes the utilization of non - standard decoding during protein synthesis and encompasses such processes as ribosomal frameshifting, codon redefinition, translational bypassing and stopgo (17). What is often considered as a decoding error e.g . A frameshifting error or mistranslation...
In february 2014, nasal swab samples were collected from 53 healthy dromedary camels in doha, qatar . After sampling, swabs were put into tubes containing viral transport medium and stored at 80c until shipment to the netherlands on dry ice, as described (9). Total nucleic acids from nasal swabs were isolated by using ...
Enhanced surveillance involved the collection of a minimum dataset for each possible case, including demographic data, clinical symptoms, travel and contact history, and results of testing for respiratory pathogens (6). Nose and throat swab specimens and, when possible, lower respiratory tract specimens, were tested at...
Acute kidney injury (aki) in the setting of pulmonary embolism (pe) has not been reported . Whereas the mechanism of aki in patients with left ventricular dysfunction is thought to be related to reduced renal perfusion as a result of diminished cardiac output [1, 2], the pathogenesis is less well understood in the sett...
Orbital exenteration (oe) is a disfiguring procedure that typically involves removal of the entire contents of the orbit, including the periorbital, appendages, eyelids, and sometimes a varying amount of surrounding skin and bone.1 this procedure is indicated for the treatment of potential life - threatening malignanci...
Glucagon - like peptide-1 (glp-1) is an intestinal hormone regulating glycaemia via the increase of insulin and concomitant reduction of glucagon secretion, the salvage of beta - cell from apoptosis, the regulation of gastric emptying, and food intake [13]. Glp-1 is synthesized by posttranslational processing of proglu...
During last decades, most studies have described this adaptive remodeling also referred to as athletes heart . Exercise causes structural, functional, and electrical changes of the heart which are physiological responses to the hemodynamic demands of increased cardiac output during exercise . The main changes are repre...
Speaking at the sixty - fifth annual session of the american medical association in 1914, the renowned surgeon of the johns hopkins hospital, john finney, remarked on the desirable qualities of the surgical practitioner in a climate of professional change . Among the requisites necessary for a surgeon, he declared, is ...
Dentin sensitivity after tooth preparation is still one of the major challenges in clinical practice.1 it is determined by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin, and is explained with hydrodynamic theory.2,3 according to this theory, blocking dentinal tubules should prevent fluid shifts and prevent dentin sensi...
In an effort to understand the role of nafld / nash in the pathophysiology of youth - onset type 2 diabetes, we began in 2008 to form a multiethnic cohort of obese children and adolescents . As of the time of writing this article, the cohort consists of 229 obese children and adolescents (87 caucasians, 61 african amer...
The variable pulse of the magnetic stimulation device enables a diagnosis of various diseases that are difficult to diagnose or treat [1, 2]. The human body absorbs the magnetic pulse of the magnetic stimulation device and forms a local eddy current [35]. The temperature increase varies according to the treatment or di...
Colonies grew rapidly at 30 on mea, attained a diameter of 65~67 mm after 2 days . Sporangiophores mostly sympodially branched, grew to width of 6~12 m and a variable length . Sporangia measured 24.5~49.5 22.5~48 m, were globose to subglobose, light yellow, and were multispored . The columellae measured 17.5~30 16~29.5...
Umbilical cord blood (ucb) availability as a prospect for therapeutic use was first reported in the british journal, lancet, in 1939 . The proposed use was transfusional, but outside of the neonatology clinic, the concept was slow to be accepted, with standard adult blood transfusions being more available . Many years ...
Hemorrhage is responsible for about 40% of trauma deaths, 33% to 56% of which happen during the pre - hospital period (1). On average, 1 in every coagulopathy and severe hemorrhage plays an important role in determining the final outcome of the patient, their mortality and disability (2 - 4). Soft tissue injury is one ...
A retrospective analysis of 125 consecutive patients diagnosed with chl at asan medical center between 1995 and 2012 and at ajou university hospital between 2008 and 2015 was performed . All patients were pathologically confirmed to have chl and treated with the doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (abv...
Fentanyl is still very commonly used in anesthesia for cardiac surgery . A time - honored drug in this setting, with low cost among its many advantages, it has been used in a wide range of dosages in all kind of cardiac surgical procedures . Since it is characterized by an important context - sensitive half - life main...
The families included in the analyses were ascertained from nine different sources: the four t1dgc regional networks of asia - pacific (n = 228), europe (n = 585), north america (n = 370), and the u.k . (n = 124); the diabetes uk warren 1 repository (n = 429); the human biological data interchange repository (n = 424);...
The diagnosis of disease involves several levels of uncertainty and imprecision, and it is inherent to medicine . A single disease may manifest itself quite differently, depending on the patient, and with different intensities . A single symptom may correspond to different diseases . On the other hand, several diseases...
Eosinophilic peritonitis is defined as> 10% eosinophils in effluent at presentation, and its causes are often obscure . However, cases have been reported with allergic reactions, exposure to drugs such as vancomycin, fungal and viral infections, soon after catheter replacement, and icodextrin treatment . Therefore, the...
Menthol is a monocyclic terpene alcohol having 3 asymmetric carbon atoms in the cyclo - hexane ring . It is widely used as cooking oils, candies, mouth fresheners, cigarette, and desserts . It has also been effectively used as herbal and alternative medicine in common cold, flu, and as a digestive aid . It has a coolin...
Phospholipid membranes separate (sub)cellular compartments from surrounding conditions and play an important role in the uptake, distribution, and toxicity of xenobiotics in multicellular organisms . Traditionally, the octanol water partitioning coefficient (kow) is used as a predictor for the uptake, distribution, and...
Fluoride is an effective agent to control dhs and to prevent root caries particularly when used in higher concentrations . Tooth hypersensitivity is characterized by a rather specific sharp, intensive short duration tooth pain that is rather common among millions of people today . The most common type of hypersensitivi...
More than twenty years ago, groundbreaking studies by wisniewski and his colleagues sparked debate over the relationship between microglia and -amyloid plaques in alzheimer disease (ad). In their electron microscopic observations of microglia associated with -amyloid deposits in the brain parenchyma and cortical vessel...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by deregulations of t and b cells causing the production of autoantibodies, immune - complex deposition, tissue infiltration by mononuclear cells such as macrophages, and tissue damage.13 these immunological deviations can lead to a h...
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient eal: concept, data acquisition, manuscript preparation; pg: editing and critical review of the manuscript . Eal: concept, data acquisition, manuscript preparation; pg: editing and critical review of the manuscript.
Original research in the field of critical care respirology published in 2008 yielded a broad spectrum of interesting results ranging from epidemiological analyses, identification of biomarkers and ventilator management, to pharmacological intervention for acute lung injury (ali). To provide context and for comparison ...
Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as an important contributor to the armamentarium of future oncology treatments [14]. This was heralded by the advent of checkpoint inhibitors, which have made a paradigm shifting difference in the outcome of cancer treatment, resulting in sustained effects and long term survival [5, 6]....
Targeted efforts have led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases . Unfortunately, the burden of noncommunicable diseases (ncd) in south asia as a region is rising at a rate that exceeds global increases in such conditions . For example, a recent study shows that six in ten adul...
Following the expansion of internet usage in societies, countless efforts have been made to use this opportunity, expanding human communications as well . For example, using cyberspace to create social networks to establish an easier connection . In recent years, a number of various social networks are created online, ...
The survey addressed information on antimicrobial drug resistance testing, phage typing, or both . Since most countries do not routinely apply these typing methods, the questionnaire was not simply sent to all world health organization (who) member states . Instead, an invitation to participate in the survey was distri...
Nugo (http://www.nugo.org) provides, to each partner, a local nugo black box (nbx: a powerful computer to, e.g., store (nutri - base: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/~oyeniran/) and analyze (genepattern: http://www.broad.mit.edu/cancer/software/genepattern/) nugo and affymetrix microarrays . Nugo defined the probes on these chips...
During the past decade, after the publication of the institute of medicine (iom) report, to err is human (1), patient safety has finally become the object of medical and public attention . Compared with other types of medical error, however, errors in laboratory medicine have received little attention . The reasons for...
Furthermore, it is introduced as an effective stationary anchorage device requiring no patient compliance . The interdental types of miniscrews have become increasingly popular because of their biocompatibility, easier surgical procedures, less trauma during insertion and removal, immediate loading after implantation, ...
Primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) is common in the elderly, especially women, but is rare in children (1, 2). Most cases of phpt are sporadic, and familial cases make up less than 10% of cases (2, 3), but onset in childhood or adolescence raises concern about familial diseases with a genetic background, e.g., multiple...
The complications of diabetic vasculopathy commonly include two categories: microvascular and macrovascular complications . Macrovascular disease is the most common reason of mortality and morbidity in diabetes and is responsible for high incidence of vascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and periphe...
Pneumomediastinum is defined as air or free gas in the mediastinum, which invariably arises from the alveolar spaces or the conducting airways and has a multi - factorial aetiology . It is a benign and self - limiting condition that usually affects young males (1). Although uncommon, this condition is increasingly seen...
Urothelial carcinoma, otherwise known as transitional cell carcinoma (tcc), comprises the majority of malignancies of the urinary system in the usa and europe . Most commonly, this malignancy will present with hematuria, dysuria and a multitude of constitutional symptoms . It is estimated that up to half of all bladder...
Economic development in low - income countries is accompanied by an increase in the burden of trauma, particularly injuries due to road traffic accidents . It also provides the opportunity to improve on the management of some of those injuries, such as fractures of the femur . Skeletal traction or closed manipulation a...
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic immunoinflammatory disease of the periodontium that results in progressive loss of gingival tissue, the periodontal ligament, and adjacent supporting alveolar bone . In addition to its significant impact on human health, the annual cost of periodontal therapy is estimated to...
Venous malformations (vm) are the most common vascular malformations caused by faulty development during vascular morphogenesis . Although most vm are located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, they also involve underlying muscles, joints and bones . Intraosseous vm of an extremity can cause structural weakening of ...
The ability of light to traverse various chemical and biological barriers and be modulated by time and amplitude makes light - regulated molecules unique tools for a plethora of applications in the areas of chemistry and biology . Photoremovable protecting groups, also known as caging groups, are one of the most import...
Lxrs (lxr/nr1h3 and lxr/nr1h2) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that heterodimerize with retinoid x receptors and are activated by specific cholesterol derivatives that function as endogenous ligands [112]. One well known set of ligands are oxysterols, oxidized metabolites of cholesterol that are present...
Endoscopic surgical techniques for thyroid cancer surgery can benefit patients by eliminating the anterior neck incision utilized in the traditional open approach . In addition to superior cosmetic results, endoscopic thyroidectomy can reduce postoperative pain and discomfort, shorten hospital stay, and enhance postope...
This study was approved by seoul national university hospital institutional review board (no . 1103 - 035 - 354) and informed consent was obtained from all patients . Among the 28 patients who had undergone lower limb amputation surgery (below knee amputation or above knee amputation) due to cli from march 2010 to sept...
Type 1 diabetic patients treated with basal bolus insulin therapy along with carbohydrate counting determine the dose of insulin before each meal according to the amount of carbohydrate they will intake . The ratio of insulin required for appropriate metabolism of carbohydrate to the amount of carbohydrate intake, know...
Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world . Globally, as of 2012, an estimated 346 million people have type 2 diabetes . The greatest increase in prevalence, however, is expected to occur in asia and africa, where it is estimated that the number of patients diagnosed with diabetes in the year 2000 will double by 20...
Oglesby and colleagues' article uses the concept of a rapid response system (rrs) to identify delays in the definitive management of seriously ill patients . The intuitive appeal of defining a deteriorating patient and responding rapidly in order to improve clinical outcomes is not difficult to understand . Such system...
The final aim of restorative dentistry is to fabricate restorations which are indistinguishable from natural teeth and ceramics are the material of choice when aesthetic restorations that mimic natural dentition are demanded . Not only esthetic but strength and accuracy of fit are also required in an all - ceramic crow...
For patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sclm), hepatic resection is considered the best treatment, with reported 5-year survival rates between 23% and 37%.14 resections of both the primary colorectal lesion and the hepatic metastases are needed for patients with sclm when they are resectable . Howeve...
Many ecological settings are multisensory in nature with a causal relationship between the involved unisensory modalities, as in the case of hearing and seeing someone speak (winkler et al ., 2009). Quite often, visual information also leads the auditory information as in the case where two objects collide, or in the c...
According to the data from the 2002 national hypertension survey of china, the prevalence rate of hypertension in chinese adults over 18 years of age is 18.8%, and estimates are that there are more than 200 million hypertensive people in china . This means that 1 in 10 adults have hypertension, and that approximately 1...
Traumatic mediastinal hematoma, especially when it is ruptured, is a common emergency in the critically ill patients . In presence of such conditions, immediate measures should be taken to the patients, such as blood salvage and reinfusion, as well as decreasing the time of surgery preparation . In this case, we presen...
The patient was initially referred from another hospital, where the initial diagnosis based also on the magnetic resonance (mr) imaging examination was vertebral hemangioma . Vertebroplasty was suggested, and this was the reason for further evaluation to a tertiary medical center . A 16-year - old male athlete presente...
Brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves, which is responsible for the innervation of the upper extremity . It is formed in the posterior cervical triangle by the union of ventral rami of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cervical nerve roots and 1st thoracic nerve root . This composite nerve network can be divided into roo...
A male neonate born at 31 weeks of post - conceptional age and birth weight 980 g was admitted to the neonatal icu for care . First rop screening at 33 weeks post conceptional age showed stage i zone ii rop, which later progressed to stage ii zone ii by 35 weeks . The last visit at 40 weeks of post - conceptional age s...
All living organisms undergo physiologic decline by aging . Several studies attempted to comprehensively characterize the environmental and genetic determinants of chronological lifespan (cls). Cls is defined as the length of time stationary phase yeast cells remains viable in a quiescent state and it is generally dete...
Cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in the united states and results in a significant economic burden ranges from $14 million to $2 billion due to its underlying etiology . According to the global burden of disease (gbd) study in 2013, cirrhosis is the 6 cause of death in developed countries and among the 1...
The cost of ad to society is the value of all goods and services that society gives up in order to prevent, diagnose, treat, and deal with the disease . In addition to these costs, society also absorbs expenses associated with ad research and education programs . Table i summarizes the definitions of different costs an...
Among the radionuclides present in radioactive wastes, there are a certain number of fission products and minor actinides . Actinides and particularly long - lived isotopes of plutonium are mainly responsible for the environmental hazard . Extensive studies during the last decades have shown that under the natural cond...
A 65-year - old female patient presented with a swelling in the right ramus region for past 3 months . On intraoral examination, generalized destructive periodontitis and few carious teeth were noticed . Orthopantomograph (opg) of the mandible showed a moth - eaten type of radiolucency . The hematoxylin and eosin stain...
The controlled turnover of proteins is essential for the majority of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell death . The bulk of protein turnover in the cell is governed by the 26s proteasome, a highly conserved multisubunit protease complex with essential roles in regulating proteins levels in the cy...
In our previous study, we investigated the possible effects of maternal nutritional conditions during pregnancy on the extent of methylation changes in the fetal genomes . Extracted genomic dna samples were treated with the epitect plus dna bisulfite kit (qiagen), and 300 ng of each sample was subjected to the illumina...
Drug - induced liver injury (dili) presents as a broad spectrum of adverse drug reactions which can range from mild elevation in liver enzymes to fulminant liver failure . It is considered the most common cause of death from acute liver failure in the united states . Due to the highly variable clinical spectrum of dili...
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) is widely used in japan as an initial treatment for early gastric cancer (egc) with a negligible risk of lymph node (ln) metastasis, even for cases that involve large and ulcerative lesions 1 2 3 . The therapeutic outcomes of gastric esd are excellent; however, some cases of incom...
Polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) polymers have been referred as conventional base materials and there is an ongoing effort to improve the properties of denture base materials . The goal is to have longer lasting and more biocompatible denture bases with better mechanical properties and simpler processing techniques that ...
Pelizaeus - merzbacher disease (pmd) is a rare, x - linked recessive dysmyelinating leukodystrophy of the central nervous system (cns). It is caused by mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (plp1) gene on the long arm of the x chromosome in band xq22 that encodes a major component of cns myelin protein (1, 2). There a...
The small intestine is the largest organ in the body and occupies over 90% of the surface of the gastrointestinal tract . Rapid epithelial turnover with rapid intestinal transit, abundant lymphoid tissue and immunoglobulin a secretion, neutral ph, and lower bacterial load are responsible in explaining the extremely low...
Together with an increased incidence of the disease also has increased the number of other pathological conditions caused by crf including renal failure, cardiovascular diseases and lethal outcome . For a long time the evaluation and treatment of renal diseases were focused on the diagnosis and treatment of each identi...
Conjugated polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of electrical conductivity in chemically doped polyacetylene, because they combine the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors with the processing advantages of polymers . Potential applications are in the fields of organic light emittin...
Ampk complexes were expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3) cells, purified by affinity chromatography using nickel - sepharose and phosphorylated by incubation with camkk as described previously9 . Ampk activity was determined using 0.2 mm sams peptide9, 0.2 mm atp and 5 mm mgcl2 . Dephosphorylation of ampk by recombinant pp2...
There are important components in the knee including medial meniscus (mm), lateral meniscus (lm), anterior cruciate ligament (acl), and posterior cruciate ligament (pcl). For instance, menisci are responsible for shock absorption, nutrition, lubrication, joint stability, distribute synovial fluid, and weight - bearing ...
A 64-year - old man was admitted to the hospital for resection of a sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma . He had no medical antecedents . Renal ultrasound demonstrated a small rounded lesion in the centre of the left kidney (fig . Color - coded duplex sonography demonstrated intralesional flow, with a resistance index of 0.69...
Approximately 10% of patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (as) have asymmetric basal septal hypertrophy (absh), relative to the posterior left ventricle (lv) free wall.1) the presence of absh and the need for myectomy may present a dilemma for surgeons performing aortic valve replacement (avr). Without a concomit...
Malnutrition is a state of deficiency, imbalance or excess of energy, protein and other nutrients having adverse effects on the form or function of the body and clinical outcome (1). Elderly residents in nursing homes are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to a variety of factors including sensory loss, chewing a...
An 1-month - old, 4 kg, male patient was admitted for left inguinal herniorrhaphy . His prenatal and birth history were uncomplicated and past medical history and family history were unremarkable . His vital signs were pulse rate: 160 beats per minute, respiratory rate: 42 per minute, and body temperature: 37.3. he was...
Co existence of cor triatriatum sinistrum and a prominent eustachian valve which mimics a cor triatriatum dextrum is an exceptionally rare finding . It is a congenital anomaly in which the left atrium (cortriatriatumsinistrum) or right atrium (cortriatriatumdextrum) is divided into 2 parts by a fold of tissue, a membra...
Infertility is a medical, psychological, and social problem of couples in reproductive age . Male factor issues play an etiologic role in a substantial portion (1015%) of couples with conceiving troubles . Different causes may conduct to male infertility: varicocele, cryptorchidism, and hypogonadism are the most freque...