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Isolates were obtained from the istanbul faculty of medicine and samsun chest diseases and thoracic surgery hospital . Eighteen isolates were mdr, two isolates were only resistant to inh and the remaining isolates were susceptible to both inh and rif . All isolates from stocks were subcultured on lj medium and freshly ... |
According to world health organization, the term diabetes mellitus (dm) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms due to defects in insulin secretion and/or activity . The condition is considered the major ep... |
Although humans react to the taste and texture of the food rather than its chemical content, carbohydrates are clearly preferred over proteins and especially over amino acids . It is not a question of the presence or absence of sweet taste, since mice prefer a glucose solution over an amino acid solution even when swee... |
Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a well - known treatment modality for painful vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis . The procedure involve injection of poly methyl meth acrylate (pmma, bone cement), into the desired vertebral body . Pulmonary embolism with bone cement after vertebroplasty surgery, is n... |
Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (bcdp), defined as breast cancer which develops either during or within 1 year after pregnancy, is expected to become even more common, since women often delay childbearing to their thirties and forties when breast cancer rates tend to increase . Some studies have found that bcd... |
Prevalence of falling and fall - related injuries and its mortality in the elderly population is increasing . One - third of the elderly experience falling at least once a year and two - third of them will have another fall in six months (1, 2). Falling is one of the causes of the murderous and non - murderous injuries... |
Hydatidosis due to echinoccocus granulosus is an endemic parasitic zoonosis characterized by worldwide distribution with prevalence in the middle east and the mediterranean countries . Liver hydatid cysts are characterized by insidious development in the majority of patients, with the potential for peritoneal dissemina... |
Intussusception is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of 6 and 36 months . Although idiopathic intussusception is most common in children, recent studies show adenovirus as a possible risk factor . Further, conditions such as meckel s diverticulum, polyps, or small bowel lymphoma are ... |
Retinal imaging offers a unique perspective into the health of our eyes as well as that of our body . Ocular - specific diseases and life - threatening systemic diseases show manifestations in the eye, including age - related macular degeneration (amd) and glaucoma, two of the leading causes of blindness, as well as di... |
The energy requirements of the brain are amazingly high; indeed, while representing only about 2% of the body weight, its oxygen and glucose utilization account for approximately 20% of those of the whole organism, almost 10 times more than what would be predicted on a weight basis (kety, 1957; magistretti, 2008; rolfe... |
A 61-year - old patient attended a consultation in a urology clinic due to complaints associated with the lower urinary tract . Digital rectal examination (dre) revealed a slightly enlarged non - painful prostate gland with normal density and smooth contours . Prostate - specific antigen (psa) level was 2.1 ng / ml . A... |
Injuries range from mild respiratory complaints, phytodermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis to toxin - induced injuries and mechanical damage . Tulipalin a induced phytotoxicity, also tulip fingers and alstroemeria dermatitis, is a common occupational allergy in floral workers exposed... |
The ues must maintain tonicity at rest to prevent exchanges between contents of the esophagus and pharynx, but it must also relax in precise intervals, such as during swallowing, belching, and vomiting . Swallowrelated ues activity is governed by complex biomechanics in which the hyoid and larynx move superiorly and an... |
Triple x syndrome is a sex chromosomal aneuploidy condition characterized by tall stature, microcephaly, hypertelorism, congenital abnormalities, and motor and language delays . It is mainly derived from maternal nondisjunctional errors during meiosis . To highlight the clinical features and diagnosis of triple x syndr... |
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (mec) is a malignant epithelial tumor first studied and described by stewart, foote and baker in 1945 . Rarely, it may occur intraosseously from the epithelial lining of the odontogenic cyst and/or epithelial remnants of ectopic salivary glands . Mec is the most commonly occurring malignant sal... |
It accounts for more than 800000 surgeries being performed in the united states annually (1, 2). Spontaneous healing of inguinal hernia is nearly impossible and surgery is the only way to repair it . The surgery should be done in a timely manner to avoid the life threatening consequences (3). Despite the development of... |
Orofacial granulomatosis (ofg) is a rare and heterogenous clinical condition which is characterized by orofacial granulomas presenting in the absence of recognized systemic condition . The classic presentation of ofg is a nontender recurrent labial swelling that eventually becomes persistent . However, the clinical pre... |
Epigastric pain is a common symptom in the emergency department (ed) and is generally not fatal . However, it can be the only symptom of isolated spontaneous gastric artery dissection . Here, we report the case of a 51-year - old woman who initially presented to the ed with epigastric pain only and was subsequently dia... |
Mobility may be defined as the ability to move through one's environment in order to complete a task or achieve a goal [1, 2]. Continued mobility is crucial for maintaining independent functioning and quality of life [3, 4]. Yet decreased mobility among older adults, defined in this paper as individuals 55 years of age... |
A cutaneous adverse reaction caused by a drug (cadr) is any undesirable change in the structure or function of the skin, its appendages, or mucus membranes . It can range from a mild localized skin rash to severe mucocutaneous reactions such as erythema multiforme major (emm), stevens - johnson syndrome (sjs), and toxi... |
Based on who report, 1 out of 10 infants born in 2010 were immature, resulting in 15 million immature births in a year . Consequently, intravenous access is so crucial among them to provide them with fluids and intravenous therapy . In order to have intravenous access, the first option in infants is short peripheral ca... |
Patients were purposively selected so that the sample comprised equal numbers from across the trial's three treatment arms; was broadly representative of the wider trial population in terms of age, sex, and glycemic control (table 1); and included trial participants with high and low final a1c results (range, 5.39.9%).... |
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (ijo) is a term used to describe a primary osteoporosis of unknown etiology . It is characterized by prepubertal onset, and spontaneous remission with the onset of puberty . We describe a case of ijo in a 5-year - old girl who was successfully treated with oral alendronate and oral calc... |
The 20 obesity susceptibility variants were genotyped in 6,514 individuals from the inter99 cohort, which is a population - based, randomized, nonpharmacological intervention study of middle - aged danes for the prevention of ischemic heart disease conducted at the research centre for prevention and health in glostrup,... |
He was standing beside the door on the passenger side to guide parking, when unexpectedly, the car reversed quickly, and his left leg was trapped under the front passenger side wheel, which exerted a severe varus force on his left knee joint ., an immediate neurovascular examination excluded urgent medical problems and... |
Necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is an acquired, sometimes fatal, multifactorial syndrome characterized by segmental, inflammatory, or ischemic necrosis of the small and large intestine . The term adult necrotizing enterocolitis (anec) is used to describe similar patterns of bowel necrosis in adults and is popularly kno... |
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a clinical condition, which is histologically characterized by sterile infiltration of neutrophils throughout the dermis1). This condition may affect various internal organs, such as the lungs, digestive tracts, joints, eye, bone or central nervous system; whereas muscular invol... |
With the ever - growing development of information and communication technologies, novel types of services such as telemedicine and telecare have become feasible . One important technological component of these remotely delivered services is obviously wireless communications, primarily radio communications . In 2002, t... |
The eu - doped yttria (y2o3) is one of the most popular red phosphors commonly applied in different light - emitting devices (hunt and chakhovskoi 1997; shea 1998). The eu: y2o3 phosphor is used for wide group of light sources and displays (hunt and chakhovskoi 1997; shea 1998; shionoya and yen 1998; srivastava and ron... |
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common elective operations performed in general surgery . Tension - free mesh based repairs are the most common method of inguinal hernia repair today, whether done by open method or laparoscopic because meshes have been shown to reduce the recurrence rates by up to 50% . Lapar... |
Gami - jakyak gamcho buja decoction (mecasin) was developed for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with pain, joint contracture and muscular weakness . Gami - jakyak gamcho buja decoction, which is the major component of mecasin, has been used in traditional medicine to relieve pain, muscle spasms and cold... |
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (fgf21), along with fgf19 and fgf23, are endocrine factors that structurally belong to the fgf superfamily . Unlike the classic fgfs that require heparin for stable binding to the fgf receptors (fgfrs), the three endocrine members of the fgf superfamily lack the heparin - binding property, a... |
It is estimated that more than 76,600 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in the united states in 2013, with 9,480 deaths attributed to this disease . The lifetime risk for the development of melanoma is now 1 in 35 for males and 1 in 54 for females . The thickness of the primary melanoma, as measured histopatholog... |
The most frequent site of breast cancer metastasis is bone, followed by lung, pleura, soft tissue, and liver . Metastasis to the gallbladder has been reported to occur in about 47% of breast carcinoma cases . The endometrium accounts for 4.7% of metastatic sites to the female genital tract from extragenital tumors . In... |
The question of how to effectively activate o2 for reaction is of great interest in biochemistry and organic and inorganic chemistry (including materials science) because the products and byproducts of o2 reactions can be variable and also because o2 often encounters kinetic barriers to the reaction, proton transfers, ... |
Since 2000, chikungunya outbreaks have occurred in several regions of the world (3). Broadly speaking, the locations of these outbreaks appear to be moving in an easterly direction (3). Outbreaks occurred in the democratic republic of congo in 2000 (8) and in indonesia in 20012003 (9). In 2004, the virus appeared in ke... |
During uninterrupted surveillance for human rotaviruses in palermo, italy, which started in the mid-1980s, 3 strains (paf96/94, pah136/96, and pai58/96) were detected that displayed au-1like features because they possessed long electropherotype, subgroup (sg) i (vp6 related) and g3p genotypes . The viruses were identif... |
The most common cause of bilateral noninfectious uveitis in the pediatric population is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia)-associated uveitis . However, due to the high incidence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (tinu) in the pediatric population, the complete workup must also include testing for i... |
There is a general consensus that cancers develop as a consequence of an accumulation of dna damage and a subsequent change in function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes . The dna damage depends on type, concentration, and duration of exposure to carcinogens, and on effectiveness of cellular defense (e.g., antiox... |
The multiwell plate loading stage consists of 3 linear precision motors (rca2, intelligent actuators). The loading head consists of a larva - loading and a water - supply metal tube with inner diameters of 1.0 and 0.2 mm, respectively (new england small tubing inc .) The silicon rubber block is pressed (by the loading ... |
Physiotherapy (pt) has been recognized as a mode of treatment over the years and is rapidly growing as a profession, especially in developing countries1, 2 . According to the us department of labor, physical therapists are primary health care professionals who diagnose and treat patients of all ages3 . Various subspeci... |
In order to develop a frequency modulated biosensor, we designed a gene network capable of synchronizing genetic oscillations across multiple scales (fig . 1). We constructed an lcd - like microfluidic array that allows many separate colonies of sensing bacteria to grow and communicate rapidly by gas exchange (fig . Si... |
Over the last 15 years, laparoscopic techniques have evolved from predominantly diagnostic to extensive operative laparoscopic approaches . Surgical techniques traditionally performed in an open fashion are being done laparoscopically with increasing frequency . With these developments, more equipment vancaillie and sc... |
Their prevalence depends, to a great extent, on the method used for detection . By palpation, which is the least sensitive method, approximately 5% of the people based on an ultrasound investigation, a frequency of thyroid nodular disease as high as 30 40% (in women) and 20 30% (in men) of the adult population, in iodi... |
An 11-year - old female was referred to our care for the treatment of a pathologic fracture of the lumbar spine . One month prior, she had fallen during exercise, causing persistent back pain . When symptoms failed to abate, computed tomography (ct) of the spine was performed, revealing a fracture at the l-2 level that... |
Although tuberculosis, one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the indian subcontinent, commonly involves the lung, fistula formation between the bronchi is quite rare . Interbronchial or broncho - bronchial fistula occurs either due to direct bronchial wall involvement by the tuberculosis infection... |
In january 2009, a crossbreed yearling horse (case sae 18/09) was found wandering aimlessly in its paddock in the vaalwater district of limpopo province, south africa . The horse became progressively ataxic and, when recumbent, was referred to the hospital at the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria . ... |
Accurate diagnosis and staging is important in the planning and treatment of this disease [13]. The status of the axillary lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors in early stage breast cancer and is typically staged using sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb) or axillary lymph node dissection . The sent... |
The sliding screw - plate devices and cephalo - medullary nail devices have performed well in stable inter - trochanteric fractures in patients with reasonably good quality of bone . However, their suboptimal performance in comminuted fractures in the presence of osteoporotic bone has prompted many surgeons to consider... |
Glomeruloid hemangioma is a specific marker for poems syndrome.few cases of glomeruloid hemangioma without poems syndrome have been reported in the literature . Glomeruloid hemangioma for a histologically distinctive, cutaneous, benign vascular tumor, which is considered to be a specific marker for the polyneuropathy, ... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) carries the highest mortality rate for women in the united states . The american heart association (aha) reports that more than 47% of african american women, of age 20 years and older, have been diagnosed with cvd as of 2008 . Hypertension is a significant risk factor for the development o... |
Fractures of the horizontal surface of the distal tibia involving high - energy ankle joint injuries are commonly described as pilon fractures . They usually result from a fall from a great height, industrial mishaps, traffic accidents, or injuries from participating in contact sports [25]. This comminuted fracture pat... |
Caries and periodontal disease are the main reasons for tooth loss, although other factors are also contributory . Tooth loss can result from change in food choices and nutrition, leading to medical problems affecting one's general health . Tooth loss can also have a negative impact on emotions and oral health with rel... |
It is well understood that individuals can make major contributions to their own health and wellbeing through the adaptation of health - enhancing behaviours (e.g., exercising) and the avoidance of health - compromising behaviours (e.g., smoking and excessive alcohol consumption). In the past few decades, research has ... |
The incidence of multivessel disease (mvd) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ami) is reported to be 40 - 50% . The morbidity and mortality are higher in patients with mvd versus single vessel disease (svd).1 - 6) chronic total occlusion (cto) is commonly found on diagnostic angiography in patients with coro... |
Cochlear ablation entails wallerian degeneration of the auditory nerve fibers and loss of their synaptic terminals in the cochlear nucleus (cn). This lesion - induced detrimental phase proceeds for some days, leaving the cn with a massively reduced input of excitatory afferents [2, 3]. Subsequent to the removal of dege... |
Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and gastric cancers . The correlation between h. pylori - infection and gastroduodenal diseases was described in 1983 by marshall and warren . The course of h. pylori infection depends on the host immune responses towards this pathoge... |
We report a child with unilateral polyorchidism and a contralateral absent testis, a combination not reported previously . A 2-year - old boy was referred to the outpatient clinic with an impalpable left testis . At laparoscopy, the left vas deferens and testicular vessels ended blindly proximal to a closed internal ri... |
The recently published cardiovascular outcomes data for the first sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitor, empagliflozin, have shown cardiovascular safety and additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease . Empagliflozin showed lower rates of death from cardiovascu... |
The abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, and low and high temperature negatively affect plant growth and productivity . They are major limiting factors for sustainable food production as they reduce yields by more than 50% in crop plants . To overcome these limitations, plants have generated mechanisms to trigger a... |
Neovascular glaucoma is a potentially devastating form of secondary glaucoma, which has a guarded visual prognosis . In the advanced stages of neovascular glaucoma, surgical management the use of primary trabeculectomy with antifibrosis therapy and glaucoma drainage implant are two procedures often considered in managi... |
Paraplegia is an occasional complication of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery and its occurrence is explained on the basis of temporary or permanent ischemia of the spinal cord due to interrupted blood flow during aortic cross - clamp (1). The reported incidence varies ranges from 4% to 33% (2, 3). Despite a num... |
Technological advances in blood borne cancer biomarkers now make it possible to routinely analyse rna and dna from single cells (rothwell et al ., 2014, ramskld et al ., 2012, guvi et al ., 2014) including isolated circulating tumour cells (ctc)s and the minute amounts of tumour derived dna present in patient blood sam... |
Leprosy is a chronic mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium leprae that may produce a limited or disseminated infection in skin and peripheral nerves, leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations based upon the level of cell mediated immunity (cmi) against the bacilli . At one end of the spectrum is tuberculoid le... |
The furcation area creates situations in which routine periodontal procedures, such as scaling and root planing are somewhat limited, and surgical procedures are generally required . Treatment approaches that have been used to resolve grade ii furcation defects surgically include autografts, demineralized freeze - drie... |
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a systemic disease characterized by hemophagocytic syndrome accompanied by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, cytopenia, low fibrinogen level, high ferritin level, and hypertriglyceridemia . Familial hlh is a group caused by the mutation of the gene encoding perforin (prf1)... |
Acne is attributed to many factors, including increased sebum production, altered quality of sebum lipids, regulation of cutaneous steroidogenesis, androgen activity, interaction with neuropeptides, proinflammatory and anti - inflammatory processes, follicular hyperkeratinization, and proliferation of propionibacterium... |
Detailed information about motor recovery is essential for brain rehabilitation because it enables us to determine appropriate and scientific rehabilitative strategies . However, motor recovery in traumatic brain injury is little studied compared to other neurologic diseases involving the brain such as stroke . The pyr... |
Acute kidney injury (aki) occurs frequently after cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (pci)1 with more than 5fold variability in incidence across hospitals.2 patients developing aki have an increased risk of short and longterm mortality3, 4 and progression of renal disease.5, 6 a number of pre... |
The g protein - coupled receptors (gpcrs) have key physiological roles in a large variety of signaling and cell cell communication processes and hence are primary targets for a large percentage of therapeutic drugs . Intense research focus on gpcrs, and especially on the rhodopsin - like class a, has produced significa... |
The supratentorial region is the most frequent site for meningiomas; however, they are sometimes observed in other locations, such as the spine12). However, a few of these tumors are thought to arise from the extradural component12). Here, we have reported our experience involving a case of extra - intradural calcified... |
These tumors have been reported in diverse sites including gallbladder, stomach, esophagus and colon, but are only rarely reported in the small intestine . Outcome is poor in patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma, because patients usually present with large tumor at extended stages . We report a case of a 62-year - old m... |
A 38-year - old g1p0 primigravida was admitted to our hospital at 40 weeks gestation for a normal vaginal delivery . The initial fetal heart rate (hr) was 120 - 150 beats / min and showed good reactivity and variability . When the diameter of the cervical opening was approximately 4 cm, lumbar epidural analgesia was pl... |
Imaging procedures play a fundamental role in the therapeutic management of focal liver lesions . Based on the information provided by these procedures, we can choose either to monitor the lesion, or to treat it - surgically or by percutaneous, minimally invasive procedures . The type of treatment shall be selected als... |
Smoking is a well - established risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (rcc). A meta - analysis with pooled data from 19 controlled cases and 5 cohort studies confirmed that smoking increases the risk of rcc (rr 1.38, 95% cl 1.271.50). Smoking has also been found to be an independent risk factor for advanced rcc, leading... |
Biceps long head tendon (blht) has been thought to be a significant source of anterior shoulder pain . Reported that preoperative tests for biceps tendon pathology did not correlate with intraoperatively observed findings . Therefore, the decision of whether to treat possible biceps pathology is often made intraoperati... |
Takayasu's arteritis (ta) is a rare, progressive pan - endarteritis predominantly affecting females, characterised by occlusion of principal arteries arising from aortic arch . Associated hypertension, aneurysm formation, aortic regurgitation (ar), retinopathy, cerebrovascular accidents, syncope, right heart strain and... |
Penile cancer spreads in a stepwise expected pattern with involvement of regional inguinal lymph nodes, first followed by pelvic nodal metastasis and then distant spread . Open lymphadenectomy which is the gold standard treatment of metastatic inguinal lymph nodes has obvious survival benefits for patients when applied... |
The condition by which the deprivation of blood flow leads to insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply to the tissue is called ischemia . Reperfusion injury refers to the tissue damage inflicted when blood flow is restored after an ischemic period for a minimum of 10 min . The intestinal ischemia / reperfusion (ir) inju... |
Despite the improvement in knowledge about the cariogenic factors and methods of caries prevention, recurrent and secondary caries are still the main common reason for the replacement of resin restorations . Tooth decay is an infectious disease and mutans streptococci are the main organisms involved in initiation and d... |
Transplantation is the preferred treatment for chronic failure of the heart, kidneys, lungs, and liver . However, transplantation has a fairly limited impact on medical practice due to the lack of organs . It has been estimated that <10% of the organs needed each year in the united states become available, and that the... |
Spinal epidural abscess (sea) is a very rare disease and occurs at an incidence rate of 0.2 to 2.8 cases per 10000 hospital admissions (13). The most important factors involved are spinal surgery, recent trauma, immunosuppression, a distal site of infection, intravenous drug use, diabetes mellitus and alcoholism (46). ... |
Ambient temperature influences all living organisms, but none more than long - lived marine crustaceans . Temperatures in the north atlantic ocean, where the lobster, homarus americanus and the crab, cancer borealis, live, routinely fluctuate from below 4 c to more than 25 c (factor 1995; crossin et al . Moreover, thes... |
People who are addicted to alcohol tend to have many complications starting from malnutrition to complicating medical conditions including arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, infections, liver disease, nervous system impairment and pancreatitis . Alcohol withdrawal... |
Enuresis nocturna (en) is involuntary recurrent urination during the night in a sleep, which is common among children at the age of 5 or above . Another description of enuresis is as follows: it is unconscious urination after the age, at which bladder control usually occurs . Enuresis is a common clinical problem, whic... |
Since then, this field, especially the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain, has gradually become the focus of neuroscience . Although the exact mechanism of gut microbiota - brain axis has not yet been fully understood and clarified, the evidence from animals and human studies has showed that gut microbiot... |
This observational, quantitative and cross - sectional study was carried out from november 2014 to august 2015 . The study was given ethical approval by the ethical review committee at king saud university medical city, riyadh, kingdom of saudi arabia . To obtain the consent of the participants, a detailed explanation ... |
Optimal healing condition with minimal contact between the obturation material and the apical tissue is achieved when root canal treatment terminates at the apical constriction . In this way, persistent inflammatory responses, tissue destruction, and foreign body reactions are kept at their lowest possible level . This... |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is one of the most common metabolic liver diseases in the world, encompassing simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma . The two hit hypothesis is currently the prevailing theory for the development of na... |
A 62-year - old male with a history of tobacco abuse and newly diagnosed small - cell lung cancer (t1n1m0) two months earlier was readmitted in the hospital with shortness of breath for one day . He had been on chemo - radiation for his lung cancer over the course of the previous month . Meanwhile, four days prior to t... |
Tumors are in permanent state of chronic inflammation, and lymphoproliferative syndromes are not only a collection of tumoral cells or a simple genetic disease . Tumoral cells may give and receive instructions from other structural components, the tumor microenvironment, which is composed by extracellular matrix, strom... |
According to recent literature, approximately 1 in 1,000 term pregnancies is complicated with cancer . This incidence is increasingly encountered in clinical practice with the rising trend of postponing pregnancy to later in life . Breast cancer is the most common tumor treated during gestation followed by ovarian canc... |
Primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the development of autoantibodies (ama) directed against mitochondrial components, antibodies against nuclear components, such as anti - sp100 and anti - gp 210, and by progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts, resulting in fi... |
Urticaria affects 15 to 30% of the general population, and approximately 0.5 to 1% of the cases are chronic . Chronic urticaria is a common and disturbing disease characterized by short - lived weals that occur daily or almost daily for at least six weeks with no identifiable cause in 70 to 80% of patients (1). The pat... |
Many dietary components are metabolized and excreted in the urinary tract increasing the biologically plausibility that certain minerals and vitamins or their metabolites have the potential to either inhibit or promote bladder carcinogenesis . A systematic review reported that the essential trace mineral, selenium may ... |
A fixed partial denture usually requires the splinting of additional abutments to overcome the loss of bone support of an abutment . It has been contended that splinting of abutments increases their resistance to applied force of teeth and supporting structure . Ante suggested that it was unwise to provide a fixed part... |
Sequencing of a new genome is not a sensational event anymore: while the first genome sequences determined several years ago often made it to the front page of the new york times, nowadays even getting them published in major scientific journals is becoming increasingly difficult . The novelty of genomic data as such i... |
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