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Advances in laboratory technologies and data analysis methodologies are permitting the exploitation of complex experimental data sets in ways that were unthinkable just a few years ago (13). However, although the number of scientific articles containing relevant data is steadily increasing, the majority of published da... |
Intramucosal melanotic nevi with multiple polypoid presentation in oral cavity are rare though solitary nevi are not uncommon . In 1943,, 1967 adopted the less anatomically specific term, intramucosal nevus which clinician understand easily . White adults have ten to forty cutaneous nevi on an average, but intraoral le... |
However, women differ with respect to both substance and pattern of use . Most [1724], but not all [6, 25, 26], studies have found that white women are more likely than black women to use any alcohol during pregnancy . Some [20, 25, 27, 28], but not all [17, 24, 29], studies have found that racial differences disappear... |
Limb load asymmetry (lla) is common in clinical conditions related to the lower limbs such as degenerative joint disease, soft - tissue injuries, joint replacements, amputations, and stroke1, 2 . Lla is defined as an uneven distribution of body weight on one lower extremity when compared with the other extremity2 . Lla... |
Photorefractive keratectomy (prk) has been a common method for the correction of refractive error for some time [13]. Although there is some debate as to the level of hyperopia correctable with prk, prk is seen as a safe and reliable method for the correction of low to moderate amounts of hyperopia . Presbyopia is an o... |
A resin bonded restoration is considered a conservative treatment for reconstruction of edentulous areas, and its attachment to dental tissues rely on resin cements . Systematic reviews of the literatures evaluated the long term clinical prognosis of these prosthesis and reported loss of retention as the main reason of... |
Coronary artery disease (cad), one of the most common causes of premature death, causes myocardial ischemia . As the older population of countries and unhealthy habits and behaviors increase, cad contributed death toll increases . According to data from the world health organization (who) in 2008, 17.3 million people i... |
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) is the most common thyroid cancer, representing approximately 80%-90% of all newly diagnosed thyroid cancers . The most common variants of papillary carcinoma include classical, follicular variant and tall cell variant . However, many other uncommon variants have been described includi... |
Subjective tinnitus is an auditory perception in the absence of physical sources [1, 2]. While transient tinnitus lasts only a couple of seconds to a few hours, chronic tinnitus is an ongoing conscious perception of a sound for more than three months with low incidence of spontaneous remissions . Around 515% of the peo... |
Recombinant soluble trance (hcd8-trance), in which the extracellular domain of murine trance (amino acids 245 316) was fused to human cd8 (amino acids 1182), was prepared as previously described (3, 4). Hcd8-trance was purified on cyanogen bromide activated sepharose gel conjugated to okt8 following the manufacturer's ... |
Parkinson s disease (pd) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder found most commonly among older adults; however, its progression is relatively slow1 . Thus, it is important to help maintain functional abilities related to independent living through rehabilitation2,3,4,5,6,7,8 . For instance, happier people are more ac... |
Increased obstruction of the small airways and worsening lung hyperinflation during copd exacerbations is associated with increased airway inflammation and systemic inflammation, compared with stable copd [4, 1618]. Furthermore, patients with more severe copd demonstrate greater increases in airway and systemic inflamm... |
Left ventricular (lv) remodelling is the process that involves shape, volume, and function rearrangement secondary to acute or chronic myocardial injury . It is a main feature of the heart failure (hf) syndrome and it is strongly related to the progression of the disease and finally to prognosis . Furthermore, it has b... |
Ct examinations usually reveal complete resolution of pulmonary contusions, without sequlae, within 12 weeks after the trauma . However, we have reported two cases whose pulmonary ground glass lesions induced by a blunt chest trauma observed on ct completely disappeared within a few days following trauma, which led us ... |
Soft tissue barrier at the transmucosal passage of the implant unit plays an important role in the maintenance of stability and function of the load bearing implant . Presence or absence of a minimal zone of keratinized tissue around dental implants has been a matter of controversy . Many investigators have concluded t... |
Esophageal cancer (ec) is one of the most common cancers, with both high incidence and mortality . The most common histological types are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (eac). In china, escc is the predominant histologic type (9095%), in contrast to the predominance of eac in th... |
The world health organization estimates that anemia affects 1.6 billion people, or nearly one quarter of the world s population, at some time during their life.1 anemia is defined by a hemoglobin level below a threshold value that varies with age and sex2 and it is usually diagnosed by a complete blood cell count . How... |
Squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the finger, especially those arising from the nail bed matrix and lateral skin folds are common, especially after the fifth decade of life . Clinical presentation can mimic a host of conditions ranging from infections to neoplasms of bone and soft tissue . The appearance can be so ambig... |
A wound is known as any loss of continuity in the skin that must be healed or repaired to provide protection and prevent contamination of the body1 . Wound healing is a complex biological and biochemical process that involves the removal of invading pathogens from the damaged tissues and the remodeling of injured tissu... |
Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) continues to constitute a major health problem in sub - saharan africa (ssa) where it is estimated that 2.9 million children were currently living with hiv / aids in 2012.1 only 34% of these children are currently on anti - retro... |
Family - centered care (fcc) is a collaborative approach to health care where family perspective is central to health care decision - making and represents a core aspect of a system of health care that focuses on the needs of all children in the united states . Health care delivery that is family - centered can improve... |
Chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) is an obligate intracellular human pathogen which is responsible for the most reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide . Genital chlamydial infection has been identified as a major public health and there is an estimated annual incidence of around 92 million cases... |
Single subject multiple baseline study design was adopted to study the impact of low vision care intervention (independent variable) on the reading performance (dependent variable) of mdvi children . Three children with cerebral palsy and visual impairment, as diagnosed by neurologist who were studying in a special sch... |
Antipsychotic depot formulations offer a potential solution to poor oral medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.1 nonadherence and partial adherence to therapy are common in patients on oral antipsychotic therapy, resulting in poor symptom control and increased rates of relapse and hospitalization.24 in ad... |
Lasik surgery is routinely used to correct refraction abnormalities, such as myopia, hypermetropia, or astigmatism, without wearing glasses or contact lenses . This surgery consists of creating a 100120 micron - thin flap and then sculpting the cornea with an excimer laser to build a new curvature that would correct th... |
In the present article, we discuss the importance of integrating the self, self - awareness, and inter - subjectivity in models of social cognitive neuroscience and psychiatric research while striving to progress in the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders . It involves multiple levels of representation... |
Integrated care is in a key position to play a role in health care reforms in many contemporary health care systems . The positive outcomes of integration, in terms of reduced duplication of services, improved access to health care and safe, high quality care supported by efficient information flow, are to an increasin... |
They are a major cause of disfigurement and disability in endemic areas, leading to significant economic and psychosocial impact . Herein we reported a case of filariasis with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and peripheral edema . A 56 year - old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of recurrent gastroin... |
These tumors arise from the sex - cord stromal cells of the ovary (colombo et al ., 2007). Characteristically, gcts produce inhibin (lapphn et al ., 1989) and express aromatase activity promoting estrogen synthesis (kato et al ., 2015). There are two subtypes of gcts, adult and juvenile, with the former comprising 95% ... |
Point - of - care ultrasound has been increasingly widely used in pre - hospital care . This is mainly due to advancing miniaturization of equipment and the introduction of shortened examination protocols . The use of an ultrasound apparatus in hospital emergency units has already become a standard . Performing and int... |
Primary central nervous system germ cell tumor (cnsgct) is a relatively rare childhood malignancy that occurs at a higher incidence of 2%9% in japan and taiwan.1 intrasellar germinoma shows a noticeable priority for sites along the midline,2 whereas tumors arising within the sella turcica are extremely rare.3 diabetes ... |
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (hfpef) is associated with a decrease in cardiopulmonary reserve leading to significant maladaptive changes in peripheral arterial and muscular functions . Cardiopulmonary reserve and oxygen uptake efficiency are both decreased in chronic heart failure with reduced ejectio... |
Various authors have described number of changes that take place in the morphology of the human mandible with advancing age . One of the prominent changes that have been suggested is the change in the gonial (mandibular) angle . The angle between the ramus and the corpus of the mandible is called the gonial angle . A s... |
Acute kidney injury (aki) has been defined as a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate that occurs over hours or days 1, 2 . Aki is common, and absolute incidence of aki has increased 3, diagnosis of which is frequently based on measurements of blood urea nitrogen (bun) 4 . Bun and serum creatinine are not very sp... |
Nursing workload is a major challenge of health systems and an important theme in many nursing studies . As a keyword of medical terms in mesh database, workload is defined as the volume of work an individual, a department, or other employed groups must do in a period of time . In the early 90s, nursing workload was de... |
With the increase in life expectancy, the proportion of the elderly population is constantly growing . In the uk, between 2002 and 2011, there was a 26% increase in the number of people aged 90 years; the number of nonagenarians was estimated to be 440290 (just under 1% of the total population), and the number of cente... |
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer - related death in both men and women worldwide.1 the need for diagnosis and staging of cancer in patients with suspected lung cancer is a frequent occurrence in medical practice.2 accurate assessment of clinical stage and cell typing at diagnosis is essential for the sele... |
Although still controversial, there is general agreement that the apical constriction is the most appropriate landmark for termination of endodontic therapy . However, this landmark is not always present, especially in cases of root resorption or in teeth with open apices . Over the years, multiple methods have been po... |
This study provides class iv evidence that long - term fingolimod treatment is well - tolerated and reduces relapse rates, disability progression, and mri effects in patients with rrms . This extension study consisted of a dose - blinded, parallel - group phase and an open - label phase; the study was to continue until... |
The literature has amply demonstrated a high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric problems such as behavioral, mood, anxiety and impulse control disorders among internet dependents . Flores further noted that addiction and substance use in general, performs the function of helping the individual to manage the di... |
As of this writing, the average desktop computer processor contains on the order of one billion transistors . Although the growth of the semiconductor industry has frequently been compared to that of high - throughput sequencing, the field perhaps shares a number of deeper traits with this year's joint international co... |
This pink coccoid group of bacteria has been frequently reported in western countries causing peritonitis, septicemia, and catheter associated infections in adults and pediatric immunocompromised patients . Here we are presenting a rare case of community acquired secondary infection caused by roseomonas genomospecies 6... |
High rates of relapse following periods of abstinence are typically experienced by many alcoholics, contributing to the challenge of the long - term management of alcoholism . The underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with relapse, however, are not yet fully understood . Recent work suggests that the dy... |
Initial antiseizure drug monotherapy controls seizures in approximately half of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy . Remission rates range from 63 to 84% in patients with focal epilepsy on monotherapy with 5 of the most common antiseizure drugs . However, long - term retention is low because of side effects, rangin... |
Four representative cases were retrospectively selected among patients who were examined at the glaucoma clinic of the asan medical center . Patients were either referred from the neurology / neurosurgery department of the same hospital, or from their local eye clinic for an ocular examination . Every patient received ... |
A total of 47 purebred akita dogs (age 113 years) from tokyo, kanagawa and saitama areas were used . All dogs were privately owned and fed dry dog food not containing vitamin c. their blood relation is not known, except for two dogs (aunt and niece). After informed consent, venous blood was taken from the dogs fasted o... |
Specific periodontal pathogens trigger inflammatory responses and result in progressive bone loss, which eventually leads to exfoliation of the teeth . At present, dental implants are successfully used to replace extracted teeth . Despite the long - term predictability of implants, some complications may occur involvin... |
The government of nepal has promoted institutional births through the expansion of birthing centers in existing peripheral health institutions and the availability of 24-hour comprehensive emergency obstetric care at hospitals . In addition, the ministry of health and population (mohp) introduced maternity incentives t... |
The carbonylamines presented in the paper (scheme 1) are prototypes of malonaldehydes investigated in a number of experimental and computational studies [13]. The given compounds can be referred to so - called resonance assisted hydrogen bond (rahb) system being elaborated by gilli et al . . Recently the interest in ra... |
The identification of dna regulatory regions is one of the most important and challenging problems toward the functional annotation of genomes . In higher eukaryotes, transcription factor (tf) binding sites are often organized in clusters called cis - regulatory modules (crm), which consists of dna regions of up to a f... |
Wide application and release of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in past decades have led to their ubiquity in the environment . The production of pcbs was banned in the 1970s, but their persistence, high toxicity, and bioaccumulation continue to raise concerns regarding their long - term damage to living organisms . O... |
Serum amyloid a (saa) and c - reactive protein (crp) are acute - phase proteins predominantly produced and secreted by hepatocytes . Other cells including lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages can also produce these proteins . The induction of saa and crp synthesis is triggered by a number of cytokines, chiefly il-6,... |
A 62-year - old woman visited the department of cardiology due to aggravated chest pain with dyspnea, which started a week before her visit . The patient had a history of hypertension; she was diagnosed 20 years earlier . On her visit, her initial mental status was normal, blood pressure was 130/80 mmhg, pulse was 102 ... |
In india, as in other developing countries, a very significant proportion of dental problems are due to microbial infections . Dental problems are of three types, formation of dental plaques, dental caries and periodontal diseases.1 dental caries is a localized, transmissible infectious process that ends up in the dest... |
Metal nanoparticles exhibit unique electronic, magnetic, catalytic, and optical properties that are different from bulk metals and dependent on their size and shape [15]. Gold is often considered the most inert of all metals; however, methods for preparing catalysts having nanoparticles of gold on oxide supports have o... |
Female sex workers (fsws) are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting hiv due to the nature of their work, which includes multiple concurrent partners and inconsistent condom use (hearst & chen, 2004; national aids control organisation [naco], 2007; reiss & leik, 1989). Understanding the nature of female sex work ha... |
As the population ages, an increasing number of patients are prescribed antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel, aspirin, cilostazol, ticlopidine, dipyridamole, etc) for a variety of indications including cardiovascular disease, prevention of thrombotic events after drug - eluting stent placement, peripheral arterial disease... |
The increase in suicides has become a serious social problem in recent years in many countries, including japan . The number of suicides in japan passed 30,000 per year in 2000 and shows no sign of decreasing.1 the number of suicide attempts is probably at least ten times greater than the number of completed suicides.1... |
Between february 2000 to april 2004, the papineau technique was used to treat 31 consecutive patients, all males ages 2567 years, who had draining osteomyelitis (12 patients) or infected pseudoarthrosis (19 patients). The mechanism of injury included 20 motorcycle accidents, three falls, four crush work related injurie... |
We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients with ptc under approval by the institutional review board of the catholic university of korea seoul st . We enrolled a total of 244 consecutive patients with tcvptc (n=95) and classic ptc with tcf (n=149) and also selected 203 consec... |
It is known that fatigue and chronic fatigue (cf) are common in patients visiting primary care institutions . Since the concept of chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) emerged in western countries in the 1980s, there have been many epidemiological and clinical researches on cf and cfs . The term and definition of cfs were fi... |
The leech is a hemophagic parasite, living on occasional meals of blood obtained by attaching to fish, amphibians, and mammals . Infestation occurs by drinking infested water from quiet streams, pools and springs . Externally, leeches tend to have a brown and red striped design on an olive colored background . These or... |
An important area of research in nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles of different chemical compositions, dimension, and controlled monodispersity . Currently, there is a growing need to develop environmentally benign nanoparticle synthetic processes that are free from toxic chemicals in the synthes... |
The majority of the cervical spine injuries are treated with some form of external immobilization.1 at this moment, there are more than hundreds of different external devices available to immobilize the cervical spine . These often prefabricated devices are made by a variety of manufacturers in an unregulated area of m... |
There is great diversity in aging rates among species, geographical populations, and mutants within species . This variation is a rich resource to explore loss of function and gain of function in aging processes (austad 2010). A variety of aging rates have evolved to meet the challenges of specific environments, and un... |
Detailed description of gwa study subjects in the nhs and the wghs are available in the supplementary methods online . Briefly, the 2,287 nhs participants included in the present analysis were from the nested breast cancer case - control study in the nhs subcohort with blood sample collection between 1989 - 1990 . The ... |
Conventional x - ray imaging remains first line investigation in cases of trivial hip pain in almost all cases; however, stress fractures, especially in hip joint region, often remain undiagnosed on the radiograph . Triphasic bone scan with tc - methylene diphosphonate (mdp) and single - photon emission computed tomogr... |
Csf specimens were obtained for diagnostic purposes from 170 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aseptic meningitis from august to october in each year from 1999 to 2002, in hiroshima prefecture . These csf specimens were sent to the division of microbiology ii, hiroshima prefectural institute of health and environme... |
Prenatal alcohol exposure can have serious and permanent adverse effects on children, whith the most severe outcome being the fetal alcohol syndrome (fas). It is characterized by a dysmorphic face with short palpebral fissure, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip, pre- or postnatal growth deficiency, and central nervous... |
Case notification data for 20022013 were obtained from the 3 ntp tb registers (1 per dots center). Data on geographic location (up to medical area level) of tb cases were available electronically from 2005 and on age groups from 2010 . We defined a tb case based on> 1 of the following diagnostic criteria: sputum or bod... |
Pc12 cells were cultured as described previously and transfected with pkdc1ab - gfp expression vector (0.8 to 1 g total dna, 15 10 cells, 24-well plate) using lipofectamine 2000 as previously reported . Under these conditions, twenty - four h after transfection, pc12 cells were treated 2 h with 4 mm neomycin or incubat... |
Many features of the sars epidemic and the public health response are worth recalling because they provide reminders of challenges posed by the emergence of a new disease that is transmissible from person to person . Some of these features include the initial lack of field investigative capacity, reference laboratory t... |
A young male of 28 years of age presented with increased talkativeness, irritability, agitation, grandiose beliefs, decreased need for sleep for 1 month . He had a similar episode in past (8 years back); though treatment details were not available for last episode, there was however no history suggestive of any signifi... |
The etiological agent of the disease is a unicellular flagellated protozoan parasite of the genus trypanosoma . Trypanosomes (2030 m 1.53.5 m) are blood - borne unicellular protozoan parasites dwelling in various body and tissue fluids the parasite is known for more than a century, but still the control of the disease ... |
Type 2 diabetes (t2d) is characterized by -cell dysfunction . In addition to cell - autonomous defects that can be demonstrated long before disease onset, there are cell - nonautonomous contributors to -cell dysfunction, such as disturbance in - and -cell interactions, pancreatic ectopic lipid deposition [3, 4], and is... |
Traditionally, open dismembered pyeloplasty has been the standard treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (upjo). In 1993, schuessler and associates described the first laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and since then it has been shown to result in similar outcomes to open pyeloplasty with a lower morbidity . To decre... |
The development of ph does not always necessitate repair, but when surgical intervention is undertaken, recurrence is common . Standard surgical approaches include local suture repair, local prosthetic mesh placement, and stoma transposition with or without midline laparotomy . Using these approaches favorable outcomes... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad), first described by the german neurologist alois alzheimer, is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain, which is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks . In recent years, ... |
In 2003, a 38-year - old woman was referred for analysis of suspected cteph . She was mildly mentally retarded, which was said to be the consequence of a congenital rubella infection . Based on a high - probability ventilation - perfusion scintigraphy, bilateral multiple pulmonary emboli were diagnosed . Anticoagulant ... |
Zinc oxide (zno) is a direct wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 ev and a large exciton binding energy of 60 mev at room temperature (rt). These unique properties make zno a promising candidate for applications in optical and optoelectronic devices [3 - 6]. Furthermore, it is well known that low - di... |
Recent investigations have reported that along with the surface topographical modifications, the application of bioactive agents may result in enhanced osteogenic properties to the implant surface [2 - 4]. Bioactive implants have been reported to possibly develop a biochemical bonding between the bone tissue and the ti... |
Arterial stiffening is a hallmark of the aging process and atherosclerosis, with a reduction in normal aortic compliance . The aorta serves as a conduit for delivery of an adequate blood supply to peripheral tissues, while dampening sudden oscillations in blood pressure produced by intermittent ventricular ejections.1 ... |
The male: female ratio of autistic children has been reported and widely accepted as approximately 4 males to every 1 female . A report by whiteley et al based on data in the united kingdom and the republic of ireland from the first decade of 2000 revealed in 1963 children with pervasive developmental delay (pdd) diagn... |
Ste20 kinase in s. cerevisae functions as a map4k in the mating pheromone - response map kinase pathway . There are 28 kinases in this family in mammals, with some members functioning similarly to ste20 in map kinase signaling cascades . The ste20 family of protein kinases is further subdivided into p21-activated kinas... |
Each eukaryotic mrna encoding a protein is usually associated with only one open reading frame (herein called reference orf) or coding sequence (cds) delineated by a start codon (most of the time aug) and a stop codon, required to initiate and end translation, respectively . This simplistic view is however being challe... |
The explosion of the deepwater horizon (dwh) oil rig on april 20, 2010 led to the release of approximately 4.1 million gallons of oil into the gulf of mexico . Between april 28 and july 19, 411 in situ burns an additional nonmechanical response included the application of 2.1 million gallons of chemical dispersants at ... |
Social media, such as facebook and twitter, have profoundly changed our cultural and societal landscapes, and dramatically altered the way the news is reported and how opinions are conveyed . By 2020, the number of worldwide social media users is expected to reach 2.95 billion, around a third of the earth s population ... |
Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma is an unusual type of gastric tumor associated with a better prognosis than typical gastric carcinomas . The hallmark of this cancer is a prominent lymphoid infiltration of the stroma that represents an intense host lymphocytic response . The programmed death 1programmed death - l... |
We sequenced the samples to an average coverage of 43-fold (range 3483 fold) at illumina ltd . ; almost all samples (278) were prepared using the same pcr - free library preparation . We aligned reads to the human reference genome hs37d5/hg19 using bwa - mem (bwa-0.7.12) (supplementary information section 1). We genoty... |
Numerous chemical compounds, ranging from the antimalaria drug artemisinin to the biofuel butanol [2, 3], have been produced with the aid of synthetic biology tools . The ability to efficiently synthesize natural or unnatural products requires a systems - level understanding of metabolism . Functional genomics tools su... |
Autism spectrum disorders (asd) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by stereotyped interests, repetitive behaviors, and impairments in communication and social interaction . Currently 1 in 88 children has been identified as having asd . Despite the high incidence of asd, etiology and pathogenesis ... |
T - cell epitope prediction and construction of the chimeric protein - the sequences of the egtrp, ega31, p14 - 3 - 3 and eggst antigens were analysed by the propred and iedb servers and potential t - cell epitopes were predicted . The server helped to identify allele - specific binding regions in the candidate antigen... |
Although a major focus of experimental medicine has been the development of new biological agents, dissecting the mechanism(s) of action of successful new agents is equally important . Removed from the regulatory and conceptual straightjacket of clinical trials, successful biologic agents are now being administered to ... |
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