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Pain is commonly experienced during a stay in the intensive care unit (icu). It is recognized that several procedures such as turning, endotracheal suctioning, and drain removal are painful, even for intubated and sedated patients . However, pain assessment is a major challenge for health professionals since several ba... |
C57bl/6j, b6.cg-tg(cd4-tgfbr2)16flv/j (cd4dntgfrii), c57bl/6-tg(tcra2d2,tcrb2d2)1kuch / j (tcr(2d2)) and b6.129s6-tbx21/j (t - bet) mice were purchased from jackson laboratory (bar harbor, me), b6.129s6-rag2 (rag2) mice from taconic (hudson, ny), tgfbr1 mice were bred with cd4-cretransgenic mice and tgfbr1/cd4-cre litt... |
G protein - coupled receptors (gpcrs) form a large and important protein family with 390 members (excluding olfactory receptors) in the human genome . Gpcrs are critically involved in cell signaling in response to a wide range of endogenous ligands, including hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, odorants, and light ... |
Fibrous dysplasia (fd) of bone is a benign disorder characterized by replacement of medullary bone with the fibro - osseous tissue . The overgrowth of the affected bone leads to distortion, poor strength leading to characteristic deformities . The fd is divided into three types, based on the clinical presentation and b... |
According to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations, food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life . Although this definition ... |
Blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (btdr) is a life - threatening condition with an incidence of 0.8%1.6% in blunt trauma [13]. The diagnosis often happens to be late due to the absence of typical symptoms or other major injuries dominating the clinical aspect . An isolated btdr is rare and thus might be followed by... |
In addition to physical comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity may also be associated with alterations in psychosocial health including quality of life, emotional well - being, and eating behaviour: a relationship that is likely to be bidirectional . Studies have indicate... |
Animal studies have demonstrated that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) was increased in ischemia - reperfused myocardium, resulting in increased production of nitric oxide (no) and superoxide anions . It is well known that no is protective for the cardiovascular system and excessive no exerts ne... |
Pulmonary hypertension (ph) regardless of etiology has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality . In patients with end - stage renal disease (esrd) requiring chronic hemodialysis (hd) retrospective record reviews of largely non - us populations suggest that ph occurs in about 25%45% of patients.13 various... |
Atrial fibrillation (af) is associated with a 2-fold risk of cardiac and overall mortality . Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is of paramount importance if it can be accomplished without the use of antiarrhythmic drugs . Catheter ablation of af has been widely accepted as an important therapeutic modality fo... |
Panoramic radiographs have long been one of the most common means for imaging dental structures among dentists due to their many advantages [1, 2]. A panoramic radiograph provides an overview of both dental arches and a close view of a large number of anatomical structures such as the maxillary sinuses, the temporomand... |
Contemporaneously there are important difficulties to restoration of the cervical tooth caries and sometimes it is impossible . Restoration procedure in gingival area encounters particular problems such as moisture control, accessibility, being close to pulp and cervical margin of tooth which has a lot of organic conta... |
Thyroid cancer (tc) represents a rare event, accounting for almost 1% of all human tumors . Papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) is by far the most common tc, as it represents approximately 85% of primary thyroid neoplasms . Usually, ptc shows a nonaggressive behavior and carries an excellent prognosis, with a 10-yr survi... |
As part of the manchester home dialysis conference in october 2010, a number of people using various home haemodialysis systems, together with their partners, presented their experiences and responded to questions from the floor . Two sessions were devoted to patient experiences, the first centring around the good and ... |
Man has been known to be associated with intra - abdominal malignancies, most commonly gastric adenocarcinomas, along with tripe palms and the sign of leser - trlat . Unlike man associated with intra - abdominal malignancies, we present a case of man that was a manifestation of a paraneoplastic dermatosis of an ovarian... |
Diabetic retinopathy (dr) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, which can result even in blindness . Dr can be classified into two categories: nonproliferative (npdr) and proliferative (pdr). Pdr occurs with severe retinal ischemia and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels on the opti... |
In july 2008, the michigan department of community health (mdch) bureau of laboratories reported a suspected orthopoxvirus infection to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). In the affected person, a 26-year - old male resident of maryland, multiple pustules had developed on the arm, chin, and back of t... |
Usually, genome - wide databases (see table 1) change rapidly, both in their internal implementation and in the datasets recorded . This paper briefly reviews two severs recently made public, which researchers should find valuable for obtaining a wealth of useful information . The genome alignment and annotation databa... |
This is thought to be secondary to edema at the gastroesophageal junction (gej) or transient esophageal hypomotility . Persistent dysphagia (pd), however, occurs in 3% to 24% of patients after nissen fundoplication . The laparoscopic approach may be associated with a higher rate of pd than its open counterpart . The co... |
With an increase in the ageing population, the number of older people affected by cognitive decline and dementia is continually rising, causing a major public health impact on individuals and governments around the world . Despite major progress in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive impairment and dementia, th... |
Rhabdomyolysis may occur when muscles are overworked.1) although several cases of exercise - related rhabdomyolysis have been documented, exertional rhabdomyolysis due to stationary cycling is seldom reported . Indoor cycling fitness, commonly known as spinning, is a high - intensity exercise involving a stationary bic... |
Malaria is a severe disease that ranks among the most prevalent infections in tropical areas throughout the world . Approximately 250300 million people become infected yearly with relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality . The who estimates that every year nearly one million children die of malaria in africa al... |
We retrospectively analyzed 90 consecutive patients with csdavf in the prospectively collected database between may 1991 and july 2007 during the mean 17-month follow - up period . Patient age ranged from 20 to 80 years (mean 57; male - to - female ratio, 24:66). Written informed consent for the therapy was obtained fr... |
Igg4-related disease (igg4 rd) is considered to be a systemic disorder involving multiple organ systems including genitourinary system . Autoimmune prostatitis in these patients is a known clinical entity and usually a part of systemic conglomerate . Such patients present with lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) that h... |
Movement is in command of several interacting brain structures, including the motor cortex, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia (bg). The bg comprises a group of interconnected deep brain nuclei [caudate and putamen (c p), globus pallidus (gp), substantia nigra (sn), subthalamic nucleus (stn)] that, through their con... |
Adipocytes, or fat cells, are highly specialized cells that play a major role in energy homeostasis in vertebrates . Obesity is the primary disease of fat cells and the most common metabolic disorder in the industrial world . Obesity affects> 30% of the adult population in the united states and is a major risk factor f... |
In young adult men, the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis regulates the circulating concentration of testosterone . The hypothalamic pulse generator secretes a pulse of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) approximately every 90 minutes (reyes - fuentes and veldhuis 1993). Gnrh is secreted into the hypothalamic ... |
As illustrated in the case study, typically the only manifest symptom is persistent and progressive dysphonia . This common symptom makes the diagnosis of amyloidosis difficult and highlights the need for a high index of clinical suspicion from ent surgeons, histopathologists and radiologists for a timely diagnosis . A... |
Although whether to perform tight glycemic control (tgc) in the adult intensive care unit (icu) continues to be debated among intensivists and endocrinologists worldwide, how to report and assess tgc took a constructive step forward with the publication of the consensus recommendations in this issue of critical care . ... |
Early - onset group b streptococcal (gbs) infection, occurring in the first 7 days of life, is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infection among newborns and generally results from vertical transmission of gbs from colonized mothers to their infants . Neonatal infection is commonly characterized by bacteremia, pneu... |
, kummell disease has been studied in - depth with the development of medical image technology [14]. It is not common and most often encountered in patients with severe osteoporosis that have taken long - term courses of corticosteroids or sustained a spinal injury . In particular, spine fractures are associated with p... |
Sialolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the salivary glands in middle - aged patients, and it is estimated that 12 of every 1000 adult patients are affected with sialolithiasis . Approximately 80% of all reported cases of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland . In literature, giant sialoliths are cla... |
In neonates, umbilicus is the area most susceptible for bacterial colonization[1, 2], which may occasionally lead to neonatal infections such as omphalitis and sepsis . Thus, care of the umbilical cord is important to prevent the occurrence of infection during the neonatal period . A variety of disinfectants or antibio... |
Aneurysms of the sinuses of valsalva (asv) are thin - walled outpouchings, most commonly involving the right or non - coronary sinuses . An unruptured aneurysm of the left sinus of valsalva is extremely rare (1%). We describe a 14-year - old girl having a combination of a bicuspid aortic valve and an aneurysm of the le... |
Arbutus unedo l. (ericaceae, english strawberry tree) is an evergreen shrub or a small tree reaching up to 12 m in height . It is found mainly in european mediterranean region growing in maquis, evergreen scrub, woodland margins, and on rocky slopes . The leaves of a. unedo are alternate, simple, oblanceolate, dark gre... |
In december 2008, the journal of cell biology (jcb) launched the jcb dataviewer, an online repository for original image data in the life sciences (fig . 1). To our knowledge, this system is the first open repository that enables routine archiving and sharing of original image datasets supporting published scientific a... |
What can be considered the modern era of blood transfusion started in the late 1930s, when a major boost was given to transfusion practice for the first time as a result of military conflict (the spanish civil war); this has since been a constant in the history of transfusion medicine . It has been a long journey since... |
While the tests of basic motor abilities such as speed, maximum strength or endurance are well recognized, testing of complex motor abilities such as agility remains unresolved in the current literature . The term agility itself has undergone changes, resulting in the current definition: the ability to change speed and... |
Diabetes mellitus affects the lives of approximately 21 million people in the usa.1 patients with diabetes mellitus suffer risks of adverse outcomes, including hospitalization and emergency department (ed) visits.2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and most treatment plans for diabetes emphasize p... |
The sequential expression of many genes is essential for gonadal development in the male as well as in the female [1, 2]. In addition, timely secretion and action of hormones such as androgens and anti - mllerian hormone (amh) are crucial for normal male development . Mutation analysis of genes related to these factors... |
A 38-year - old japanese woman was referred to our department with an eight - year history of erythematous eruptions on the left upper arm . The patient denied a history of any medications or systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus . A physical examination revealed an interrupted band composed of dusky erythemata ... |
Atlantic dip is a network of five regional hospital centers along the irish atlantic seaboard serving a population of 500,000 people . The hospitals serve rural and urban populations, including galway city, the third largest city in the republic of ireland, implying the hospitals patients can be considered as broadly r... |
One of the most important challenges in the study of aging is the discovery of compounds with longevity - promoting activities and the elucidation of their underlying mechanisms . Such compounds could provide potential nutraceutical or pharmaceutical approaches to slow aging and the onset of age - related diseases in h... |
Glaucoma and dementia have certain pathogenetic similarities, including nerve degeneration and apoptosis and a higher incidence rate in the elderly population . Glaucoma, a major leading cause of blindness, is characterized by optic neuropathy with retinal ganglion cell death and progressive axon degeneration, thereby ... |
The human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8), also called kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (kshv), is the causative agent of all types of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), namely the classic, endemic, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and the epidemic / human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related forms . The modes of acquisition of the kshv and its ... |
Despite advances in pharmacologic therapies, secondary hyperparathyroidism remains problematic in end - stage renal disease patients, a subset of whom will fail although there is an extensive literature describing post - ptx disorders of divalent ion homeostasis (i.e. Hypocalcemia), there is a paucity of publications d... |
Urinary incontinence (ui) has been defined as a complaint of involuntary loss of urine1; it affects approximately 400 million individuals worldwide.2 one way to manage ui is through the use of disposable absorbent incontinence products . The primary aim of these products is to absorb and contain leaked urine; users hav... |
. It might be easy to simply think about adipocytes as those " pesky " cells that conspire against us to fill with fat as we age to make us look differently . Upon a closer look at adipocyte cell lineage origins, physiology, bodily repository locations (depots) and also at the adipocyte's ability to perform a diverse s... |
Eleven nondiabetic men with metabolic syndrome entered a randomized, double - blind, placebo - controlled, crossover trial, in which they were randomized to a 5-week treatment period of either fenofibrate (200 mg / day), atorvastatin (40 mg / day), or placebo . All subjects provided written consent as approved by the e... |
In 1960, delay et al . Described the syndrome akinetic hypertonique as a life - threatening complication of neuroleptic drugs . Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms) is an acute, potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications . The motor and behavioral symptoms include muscular rigidity, dystonia, ... |
Paragangliomas (pgls) are rare, extra - adrenal tumors originating from neural crest cells and therefore are highly interlaced with neurovascular structures . More than 50% occur in the head and neck, especially the carotid body [4, 5]. Only 5% secrete catecholamines like their adrenal counterpart, the pheochromocytoma... |
Adenosine is released from a variety of cells in response to inflammatory and metabolic stress and exerts its physiological functions by interacting with 4 subtypes of adenosine receptors, including a1, a2a, a2b, and a3 receptor [1, 2]. Adenosine a3 receptor (a3ar) is a gi - protein - coupled receptor that, when being ... |
Transplantation is one of the most effective methods of extending life for patients with end - stage organ failure . However, the immunosuppressive (is) agents commonly used to prevent graft - versus - host disease and host - versus - graft disease compromise the recipient's immune system and are associated with side e... |
Parenteral nutrition (pn) is an important treatment for patients unable to tolerate enteral nutrition (en). Although pn provides life - saving nutrition, it is associated with complications such as catheter - related sepsis, metabolic abnormalities, acid - base disturbances, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hep... |
The greater new orleans (gno) area healthcare system (which includes four parishes, i.e., counties: orleans, jefferson, st . Prior to august 29, 2005, uninsured and underinsured gno residents relied on a fractured, inefficient health system where the usual source of care often centered on the emergency department of ch... |
Transcription factors present sequence - specific dna binding sites and are able to modulate the transcription rate of downstream target genes . Wrky genes have primarily been located in plants, where they are one of the most important transcription factor families . Wrky genes are defined by having a unique wrky domai... |
Hemodynamic hypotension is a well - recognized phenomenon observed in patients shortly after undergoing carotid artery stenting (cas); its incidence rate ranges from 10% to 42%.1 however, there has been conflicting results on whether this hypotensive effect of cas sustains for a long term . Altinbas et al reported no s... |
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy, structurally characterized by an enlarged cupping of the optic nerve head (onh) and thinning of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl). Novel imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (oct), have enabled qualitative and quantitative assessments of structural d... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) is the leading cause of death and disability in males and females in industrialized societies and developing countries . The major risk factors that play an important role in developing cardiovascular disease (cvd) are a sedentary lifestyle and hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesit... |
Even though duplication of various facial elements are described in literature only two cases of mandible with lower lip duplication have been described so far . Duplication of the mandible is an extremely rare birth defect, encompassed within the spectrum of duplication of facial elements . Mclaughlin was the first to... |
The middle cerebral artery (mca) aneurysm is about 20 - 30% of all intracranial aneurysms, and about half of them cause intracerebral hemorrhage (ich) when rupture of aneurysms occur2,3,6,7). The surgical results have varied, but dramatic improvement after operation can be noted similar to patients with an acute epidur... |
The us population is aging at a faster rate than at any other time in the history of the united states,1 with one projection estimating that the number of americans aged 65 years and older will be more than double from 47.7 to 97.1 million persons between the years 2015 and 2060.2 increasing age is a non - modifiable r... |
Of patients who survive a stroke, 39% report ongoing problems with independent participation in community activities1 . This limitation in community participation has been identified as one of the most debilitating consequences of a stroke . Only 50% of stroke survivors regain the ability to walk in the community2, 3 .... |
P. aeruginosa is one of the causative agents of hospital - acquired infections, especially in burn patients, which is not only due to its high prevalence and severity but also because of its innate and acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs (1). Carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and ertapenem) are classif... |
Cardiac osteosarcomas are very rare, accounting for less than 10% of primary malignant cardiac tumors (1, 2). An osteosarcoma is a malignant osteoid or bone producing tumor . Most reports in the radiology literature describe the characteristic ct imaging findings of osteosarcomas as mineralized lesions (3). However, it... |
Tracheomalacia is an abnormal collapse of the tracheal wall characterized by flaccidity of the supporting tracheal cartilages and reduction of the anteroposterior diameter of the trachea . This pathologic narrowing can produce dynamic outflow obstruction with symptoms such as dyspnoea, orthopnoea, cough, wheezing and i... |
Osteochondral defects (ocds) of the talus typically occur in young healthy active patients as an isolated lesion and is often associated with previous trauma [3, 14]. In addition to traumatic injury various etiologies, including embolic, hereditary, endocrine, developmental and idiopathic factors have been described [2... |
Arteriovenous fistulas (avfs) are quite rare in the head and neck region and most of them are acquired, resulting from blunt or penetrating trauma . To the best of our knowledge, only 21 cases of congenital external carotid - external jugular avf have been reported in the literature (1). Nowadays, with the advent of co... |
Poisonous snakes are responsible for around 50,000 deaths among five million cases of ophidian accidents per year in the world, especially in the rural areas of tropical countries in asia, africa, and south america [1, 2]. Envenomation by viperidae snakes causes local tissue damages such as edema, hemorrhage, and myone... |
The molecular structures vary in chain length from c33-c46 and are substituted with varying numbers of hydroxyl groups, typically at c1 and -3 (third last carbon from the terminus). The long - chain alkynes found in petrosia, pellina, haliclona and other genera often possess remarkable cytotoxic activity against tumor ... |
With the increase of interest in open access, psychologists are slowly coming to embrace the concept of open science whereby not only publications but also other research materials would be freely shared, including datasets, code of experiments and analyses, peer review and postpublication comments, and research ideas ... |
Mechanical testing is frequently used to characterize tendons, and to describe the effects of interventions such as exercise or medication on their mechanical properties . Force, deformation and stiffness, derived from an ultimate tensile strength test, provide sample specific information about the mechanical behaviour... |
Close to 80% of the western population will experience low back pain at some point during their lifetime2). Although most treatment options start with conservative treatments (e.g., steroid injections, physical therapy, chiropractic adjustment), the number of surgical cases performed every year for severe and chronic l... |
There is increasing evidence that immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of many parasitic infections . The initial stages of the disease are generally characterized by the induction of a nonspecific lymphoproliferation, which is believed to disrupt antigen recognition and interfere with protective immune r... |
The polypectomy method and instruments used depend on the colorectal polyp size and shape, or the preference of the endoscopist . Proper removal of colorectal polyps requires understanding of the characteristics and correct use of endoscopic instruments to reduce the occurrence of incomplete polypectomy, which is a maj... |
Table 1 expected number of visitors and dengue cases for each of the cities hosting the games table 2 expected number of dengue cases and individual risk of infection for each scenario considered according to the 32 schedules analysed table 3 reported dengue cases in the first 14 weeks of 2013 and 2014 fig . 1: cities ... |
Fire emissions estimates are from gfed3, a global gridded monthly emissions dataset that combines surface reflectance and active fire detection data from several satellites to detect the spatiotemporal variability of burned area . This drives a biogeochemical model that estimates fuel loads, combustion completeness, an... |
Cobalt - chromium (co - cr) alloys have been used to fabricate cast removable partial denture frameworks since 1933 . However, improved alloys and techniques have been developed that resulted in greater use of these alloys . Despite these advances, failures are often encountered in the form of various internal and exte... |
During tooth preparation for indirect restorations such as inlays, onlays, veneers, and crowns, a significant area of dentin is exposed . To avoid problems such as dentin contamination by provisionalization and hybridization failure sensitivity, a technique called immediate dentin sealing (ids) was suggested in the ear... |
At the beginning of the 21st century, an explosion of information was discovered from the living organisms, especially in areas of molecular biology and genetics . The focus of bioinformatics deals with this flood of information, which comes from academy, industry, and government labs, and turning it into useful knowle... |
Ect is very effective for many psychiatric disorders, such as severe depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder . The goals during general anaesthesia during ect is to get an unconscious patient with muscle paralysis and amnesia . Anaesthetic agent for ect includes ketamine, propofol, dexmedetomidine, thiopentone,... |
The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root - canal system and prevention of re - infection . It is known that the mandibular first molar can display several anatomical variations; endodontic therapy of mandibular molars has always been an endodontic dilemma . Carabelli in 1... |
Neurocysticercosis (ncc) is a frequent cause of neurological disorders in many developing countries and is a predominant cause of epilepsy in india [14]. Ncc is the cause of seizures in about 37% of otherwise healthy children> 3 years of age . The prevalence of human cysticercosis has been estimated between 3% (based o... |
Riboflavin (vitamin b-2) is an important b - vitamin that is found in a large variety of foods . Vitamin b-2 is known to be the central component of the cofactor's flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and flavin mononucleotide (fmn), which is necessary to all flavoproteins . For this reason, vitamin b-2 is necessary for a... |
Severe intra - abdominal sepsis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and is often managed by leaving the peritoneal cavity open . (1,2) one of the complications arising from this approach is the development of enteric fistulae . This occurs in approximately twenty - five percent of patients, and is associ... |
Because monopteros (mp) transduces a transcriptional response from auxin required for flower formation [14, 15], we reasoned that feedback from auxin to its transport direction might occur via mp . To investigate this possibility, we first examined the expression pattern of a rescuing mp translational fusion to yellow ... |
Bowen s disease (bd) is an in situ variant of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (scc). Etiological factors for bd include ultraviolet radiation (solar, iatrogenic and sunbeds), radiotherapy, carcinogens (arsenic), immunosuppression, and infection with human papillomavirus [57]. Histopathologically it is characterized b... |
Most cases of diphyllobothriasis in korea were reported to have been caused by diphyllobothrium latum based on morphologic features of the specimens, which are closely similar to diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense . However, genetic analysis can differentiate the 2 species . In the republic of korea (= korea), through a dna... |
Menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and once women develop acute coronary symptoms, they have worse short and longterm outcomes than men.1 many different factors contribute, including marked hormonal changes,2 changes in metabolic profile associated with increased risk of the metabolic syndrom... |
Osteoporosis is a major health problem for roughly 55% of the us population of 50 years of age or older . It is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration which leads to increased fragility and risk of fracture . Fifty percent (50%) of women and 25% of men over age 50 will have an osteoporosis - relate... |
Among gram - positive bacteria, streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group b streptococcus (gbs) is considered a common commensal of the female urogenital tract and rectum whose importance is referred to severe neonatal pathologies by perinatal transmission from women to newborns . Neonatal infections by gbs are usu... |
The maxillary sinus expands laterally and inferiorly and it may even extend to the canine eminence after tooth loss . As a result, bone height is decreased in this area . Subsequent to periodontal disease, tooth loss and maxillary sinus expansion, there is usually less than 10 mm of bone remaining between the alveolar ... |
The nervous tissue is composed of numerous types of cells of neural (ectodermal: neurones and neuroglia) and non - neural (mesodermal: microglia, endothelial cells, pericytes, muscle cells, etc .) Origins organised into tightly coordinated cellular networks . Evolution of the nervous system progressed through cellular ... |
In parkinson's disease (pd) research, past beliefs about a quite exclusive affection of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway have been gradually superseded by neuropathological data on sporadic pd patients; in particular, the recent documentation of disease progression from gastrointestinal neurons via the brainstem ... |
Systematic reviews of test strategies for a given condition require a search on each of the relevant test strategies under consideration . In conducting the search the reviewers may search on all possible tests used to evaluate the given disease, which requires knowing all the possible test strategies available, or the... |
Ap is a common disease whose severity varies widely from mild forms only affecting the pancreas (80% of the patients) to severe forms associated with multiple organ failure (20% of the patients). The reported incidence is approximately 3040 per 100 000 population per year and 25% will develop severe or life threatening... |
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