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A 6 - 8 hours fasting period for solids and liquids is the traditional management in the preoperative preparation process . Prospective randomized studies demonstrated that reducing the preoperative fasting to 2 hours along with ingestion of a maltodextrin solution provides emotional and especially metabolic benefits, ... |
Neoadjuvant therapies for breast cancer allow conservative surgery in patients with large tumours and in situ evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy . The response to chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor that influences surgical management and the type of postoperative chemotherapy . A complete tumour res... |
In their review, spronk and colleagues address some of the very real dilemmas faced by clinicians during the resuscitation of critically ill patients with trauma or sepsis . Having made a diagnostic judgment as to the presenting problem sepsis or trauma the clinician must next decide on the phase of resuscitation that ... |
A 40-year - old female visited our clinic for agradual visual disturbance in her right eye in january 2007 . Her best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was 20/160 od and 20/20 os . A few barely detectable creamy - yellow retinal lesions were seen in the right eye . Eighteen months prior, she had been diagnosed with pcns... |
Since self - expandable metallic stent (sems) placement started being covered by insurance in japan in january 2012, sems placement has been practiced in several hospitals in japan, including ours . The insertion of sems was performed under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance by endoscopists and surgeons . Wallflex co... |
Obesity is an alarming public health problem and its prevalence is increasing worldwide (1). Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach due to several causes, including h. pylori infection, which is caused by gram negative bacteria that affect the gastric mucosa (2). The prevalence of h. pylori in obesity a... |
In late 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars - cov) crossed the species barrier from animals to humans . Sars first struck in guangdong province, china, and was officially recognized by the world health organization (who) in february 2003 . After its introduction into human populations in hong kong... |
Today, endobronchial ultrasound (ebus) has emerged as a routinely performed procedure in diagnostic bronchoscopy . First, endosonography was used in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy . Particularly for staging tumors of the esophagus and cardia,1 endosonography several studies have showed that endoscopic ultrason... |
Many studies have been conducted to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms, progress, recurrence, and predisposing factors for csdh, but pathogenesis remains controversial.10) known risk factors for csdh are trauma, old age, alcohol addiction, epilepsy, a blood coagulation disorder, anticoagulant use, brain atrop... |
Simultaneous presence of esophageal varices (ev) and achalasia is an uncommon clinical scenario . Previous reports suggest placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (tips) and surgical myotomy or endoscopy therapy for treatment 1 . For patients who are not candidates for a tips, injection of the lowe... |
Mycorrhizal fungi help host plants absorb minerals (especially phosphate) and water and enable plants to develop resistance against stressors such as drought and heavy - metal contamination of soils . Ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi have a relationship with the roots of forest woody plants and play important roles in plant... |
The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of severance cardiovascular hospital, yonsei university health system, and adhered to the declaration of helsinki . All 2136 subjects (1068 with af patients and 1068 with age- and sex - matched control subjects) provided written informed consent . All af... |
1a). The outer nuclear membrane (onm) is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and shares a number of integral membrane components ., the inner nuclear membrane (inm) contains a distinct set of proteins and lipids from either the onm or the er . Proteomic analysis of the inm indicates that it is composed of ov... |
In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the application of information technologies and communication technologies in the search and recovery of information resources . One of the areas that has dramatically changed after the introduction of information technology is medical education . It aims to educ... |
Plasmodium falciparum, an intraerythrocytic parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria, is endemic to haiti where it caused 32 739 infections and contributed to an estimated 741 malaria deaths in 2006 [13]. Malaria infection poses a risk to the 140 000 travelers from nonendemic countries that visit hait... |
The author said that the facial appearance at birth resemble darhinencephaly and inaddition showed frontal sinus hypoplasia and nasal mucosal atrophy . There has been a great deal of debate regarding the extent of deformity in patients with this syndrome . Some believe, it involves only the nasal region whereas others ... |
A 61-year - old woman with a left ovarian cyst was scheduled for laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy under general anesthesia . At age 49 a transthoracic echocardiogram (tte) revealed decreased lv cavity size and mild to moderate lv systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction (ef) of 40% by visual estimation . The patie... |
Vital parameters are monitored and intubation provides a safe airway; drugs ensure analgesia and suppress vegetative reactions . However, the use of general anesthesia precludes intraoperative monitoring of higher brain functions, and lesions made to the central nervous system being detected when reversibility of damag... |
The intensive care units are treatment units that provide the vital support to the critically ill patients . Nosocomial infections (nis) are one of the most serious complications in intensive care unit (icu) patients because they lead to high morbidity, mortality, length of stay and cost . Although only 510% of all hos... |
Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of proteins found in all organisms from yeast to mammals . All are orthologues of the yeast protein, silent information regulator 2 (sir2) and their primary targets are acetylated lysines of various peptides and proteins, including histones . Along with sequence homology, they als... |
Pars planitis is a subset of intermediate uveitis characterized by the formation of snowbank or snowball in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease . In patients with pars planitis, the spectrum varies between asymptomatic patients at one end and the presence of progressive inflammation that leads to... |
Ochratoxin a (ota) is a mycotoxin produced by several food - borne species of aspergillus and penicillium fungi . Ota occurs in various food materials and therefore humans are continuously exposed to relatively small amounts of it . Because of its wide occurrence and consequent exposure, together with a potent carcinog... |
Acquired perforating collagenosis (apc) is known to be a really difficult disease to treat . This fact complicates the development of an effective therapy . To date, several treatments have been used, including corticosteroids, retinoids, antihistamines, antibiotics, allopurinol and phototherapy, with variable success ... |
Research publications are effectively the currency of scientific work . They represent the public cumulative record of science, documenting empirical results and providing a forum for theorizing, debate, and the gradual advance of scientific knowledge . Although publications are not the end point of scientific research... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that is characterized by synovial inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction . Interleukin- (il-) 6 is implicated in ra pathogenesis [2, 3]. After binding to the il-6 receptor (il-6r), il-6 mediates a systemic inflammatory response at ... |
Nationwide mammography screening (nms) is the most successful method for the early detection of breast cancer . There exist differing opinions concerning the details of an ideal nms programme, with a body of opinion arguing that it should involve women over the age of 40 attending an annual mammography examination that... |
We trapped mammals at 7 sites along a forest - to - urban gradient in maryland and washington, dc, usa, from early june to late september 2005 and in april 2006 . The sites included 1 forested area (smithsonian environmental research center, edgewater, md), 2 large wooded parks (rock creek park, rockville, md; fort dup... |
Known human influenza dates back to the 12th century, but most lessons about its epidemiology have been learned from the three welldocumented pandemics of the 20th century that occurred during 19181919, 19571958, and 19681969 . Influenza pandemics occur when a novel influenza virus emerges because of an antigenic shift... |
Sweet s syndrome is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis typically characterized by the sudden onset of pyrexia, increased number or percent of neutrophils, and painful red skin lesions that consist of a diffuse dermal infiltrate of neutrophils; in addition, the symptoms and lesions promptly respond to systemic cor... |
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women and one of the leading causes of death worldwide . Non small cell lung cancer (nsclc) represents ~80% of all types of lung cancer . Most patients present with locally advanced (stage iii) or metastatic (stage iv) cancer [2, 3]. Despite chemotherapy ... |
In accordance with the who definition of health and its conceptualization of health and disability (international classification of functioning, disease, and health) [1, 2], this article examines the alarming discord between the epidemiology of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity and the low profile of ... |
Osteonecrosis of the hip, previously named avascular necrosis, is a naturally progressive disease typically affecting young individuals (the mean age approximately 35 years old) (1). It occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted, resulting in infarction and avascular necrosis of bone . Several etiologies... |
Changes in body composition can very often cause chronic diseases, and as a result have become a primary concern.1 lean body mass (lbm) and fat mass (fm) are body composition states that change continuously and are closely related to the aging process when compared with other factors.2,3 moreover, a strong link has bee... |
The concept of tactile agnosia refers to patients who are unable to recognize objects in one modality in the presence of relatively intact sensory functions and adequate cognition . Compared with visual agnosia, relatively few reports of tactile agnosia have been described in the literature . In 1895, wernicke reported... |
Dental plaque is a film of microorganisms on the tooth surface that plays an important role in the development of caries and periodontal diseases [13]. Corrective treatment for such infectious diseases requires the reduction and/or elimination of bacterial accumulations in the retentive sites on the top of the teeth (o... |
Many, if not all, cellular processes are driven by multiprotein complexes . In the nucleus, control of gene expression is achieved through assembly of such molecular machines on genomic loci in a highly controlled manner . These complexes contain combinations of regulators such as transcription factors (tfs), cofactors... |
Twenty - four sd rat (6 to 8 weeks old, 150 to 200 g) were procured from orient bio (seongnam, korea) and were accommodated under specific pathogen - free conditions . All trials were performed in compliance with the association for research in vision and ophthalmology statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system . Postural imbalance is often described as one of the initial symptoms of ms [25]. It is one of the most disabling ms symptoms that affects about 75% of patients during the course of the disease [6, 7]. People wit... |
Although conception is discouraged in woman with eisenmenger's syndrome, as maternal mortality is 30%-50%; but in inevitable circumstances, meticulous planning of anesthesia can help the parturient survive the ordeal of a cesarean section . A 27-year - old pregnant female, 50 kg (gravida three para one) was admitted to... |
The observation that g - rich dna can form a myriad of secondary structures was made in the 1960s, however, it was not until the late 1980s that three seminal papers described the in vitro formation of g - quadruplexes [13]. Certain g - rich sequences can fold into secondary structures composed of planar g - quartets t... |
Cataract is defined as an opacity of the lens or its capsule and is the most common cause of preventable blindness worldwide . A variety of systemic drugs such as corticosteroids, amiodarone, and antipsychotics have been implicated in the causation of cataract . Ocular adverse effects in schizophrenic patients are most... |
Childhood obesity is associated with a host of negative health outcomes resulting in a major public health concern for americans . It is well appreciated that environmental and behavioral factors contribute to childhood obesity with the immediate family having direct influences on its development . Considerable evidenc... |
Estradiol-17 (e2) is essential for all aspects of reproductive function in females through activation of estrogen receptors (ers). In the rat e2 the pituitary expresses both estrogen receptors, er and er, and it responds to both er specific and er specific agonists . Phytoestrogens are plant - based estrogenic compound... |
Several decades of research have shown that the altered transcriptional activity of cancer cells renders them sensitive to small - molecule inhibitors of chromatin regulatory proteins . This work culminated in the approval of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat for the treatment of diffuse large b - cell lymph... |
After age of 40, the lifetime risk of developing cvd is 49% for men and 32% for women . Although advances in medical and surgical management of cvd have substantially reduced cardiac mortality rates in the united states (us), individuals with cvd remain at increased risk for further cardiac events, including unstable a... |
The nucleotide sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1,1051,123 of mouse klf15 mrna (nm_023184) was synthesized as complementary antiparallel oligomers with a loop sequence (acgtgtgctgtccgt): 5-gtttgcggtaagatgtacatcaaacgtgtgctgtccgtttggtgtacatcttgctgcttttt-3 (forward) and 5-atgcaaaaagcagcaagatgtacaccaaacggacagcacacgttt... |
Rinm5f cells were cultured at 37 c in humidified air containing 5% co2 in rpmi 1640 medium containing l - glutamine (2 mm), fetal calf serum (10%), hepes (1 mm), and 2-mercaptoethanol (50 m). Cells were passaged every 34 days when confluent . Pancreatic -cells were isolated from 3-week - old, male wistar rats by dr . B... |
Serijska merenja natriuretskih peptida kod pacijenata sa akutnim koronarnim sindromom su pokazala da su njihove vrednosti u kasnijoj, hroninoj fazi bolji prediktor prognoze i pouzdaniji indikator funkcije leve komore nego one u akutnoj fazi . Stoga je cilj ovog rada da se ustanove vrednosti nt - probnp - a 6 meseci nak... |
Climate change affects health through multiple pathways such as less clean air, less safe drinking water, availability of foods and extreme heat (1). Increasing global temperatures are expected to impact on yields of food crops and increase global food insecurity (2), which could have a bigger impact on health(3). Henc... |
Cervical radiculopathy caused by a compressive lesion arising from degenerative spondylotic change tends to be surgically treated either by discectomy with or without interbody fusion via an anterior or posterior surgical approach . The initial surgical management was a posterior laminectomy or a smaller keyhole forami... |
Obsessive compulsive disorder was once thought to be rare, but recent data estimate it to be the fourth most common psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2% to 3% . As per dsm - iv - tr, patients with ocd exhibit varying degrees of insight into the validity of their beliefs, including patients with poor in... |
Thiobases are a class of nucleobase analogues, molecules that are structurally similar to the canonical nucleobases found in dna . They differ from the canonical nucleobases only by the substitution of carbonyl oxygen atoms by sulfur atoms, and this chemical similarity makes the thiobases important nucleobase analogues... |
Use of angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) in the third trimester may cause renal failure in the neonate which may be irreversible if associated with renal tubular dysgenesis . This case report highlights the importance of educating the practitioners about appropriate use of drugs in pregnancy . A 7-day - old male chi... |
Diets rich in saturated dietary lipids are associated with increased white adipose tissue (wat) inflammation and metabolic disease (kennedy et al ., 2009), whereas diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to counteract inflammation and promote a lean and metabolically healthy phenotype (buckley and how... |
Major depressive disorder (mdd) is one of the most common and costly psychiatric disorders, which is characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, anxiety, low self - esteem, and social behavior abnormalities . With this mental disorder, most of the mdd patients suffer more than one recurrence of depressive episodes ... |
The primary form occurs in children and young adults . In the absence of other disorders, it commonly shows localized lesions of the face, head and neck that have a tendency to resolve within two months to two years . There are no clinical criteria to distinguish primary cases from cases associated with mycosis fungoid... |
Overall the prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (dtc) is good . With appropriate treatment, the majority of these patients get cured except in patients with metastasis where the prognosis is worse [2, 3]. Management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer involves total thyroidectomy follow... |
Cervical dystonia, the most frequent adult focal dystonia, is a syndrome characterized by involuntary twisting movements of the head, leading ultimately to temporary or constant abnormal postures interfering with voluntary movement [1, 2]. Despite over a century of research since its first description in the literature... |
It has been well established that alcohol use or cigarette smoking or both are the most significant risk factors for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnsccs). However, nearly every head and neck oncologist has come across patients, most of them young, with little or no tobacco or alcohol consu... |
Valvular heart diseases (vhd) surround a number of common cardiovascular disorders that account for 15% of all cardiac surgical procedures in the world . One of the most important pathogeneses of coronary artery stenosis and vhd is inflammatory response of immune system . Prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular dise... |
A variety of implant systems have been developed and adopted over time, and several systems have been improved by the addition of distinctive features . Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages . Proper design, material, surface treatment, surgical method, host site and leading conditions1,2 have all been t... |
This cross - sectional study included 49 patients with graves' ophthalmopathy who were followed at the department of ophthalmology, yonsei university college of medicine between july 2008 and december 2008 (referred to as the graves' group). We excluded patients who were not biochemically euthyroid to eliminate the pos... |
A descriptive cross - sectional survey of the entire dental and medical undergraduate students from two colleges of raichur was carried out . This well - structured, questionnaire elicited information on demographic characteristics, hiv / aids knowledge, source of information, interpersonal communication concerning hiv... |
When gels and emulsions are used in a combined form the dosage forms are referred to as emulgels [1, 2]. As the name suggests they are the combination of emulsion / microemulsion and gel . In recent years, there has been great interest in the use of novel polymers with complex functions as emulsifiers and thickeners be... |
Novel spectral - domain optical coherence tomography (sd - oct) findings in posterior microphthalmos (pm) include cystoid changes in the papillomacular fold (pmf). These changes may be misdiagnosed as cystoid macular edema (cme) and may trigger unnecessary treatment including intravitreal injections . We report a case ... |
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is characterized by progressive cyst formation in the kidneys leading to massive kidney enlargement . Over time renal cysts may rupture leading to hematuria and pain . A pyogenic infection may also be located in these cysts . Adpkd patients with chronic pain related ... |
Chronic pain is among the many conditions that have recently been associated with vitamin d deficiency . A number of studies have suggested a link between low levels of vitamin d and higher incidence of chronic pain [24]. Furthermore, indirect evidence that vitamin d levels are important in pain is provided by the asso... |
Monoamniotic twinning is a rare complication, occurring in less than 1% of monozygosity and is associated with a significant mortality rate [1, 2]. The most common cause of perinatal mortality in monoamniotic twins has been reported to be cord entanglement [1, 2]. Cord entanglement has been reported in up to 70% of mon... |
Diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disease with a growing spread rate in word wide . Diabetes comes along with diverse disorders in glucose protein and lipid metabolism, and chronic blood sugar increase results in different organisms breakdown, malfunction, and insufficiencies . Diabetes is the cause of all new a... |
A 46-year - old male patient complained of severe ankle and foot pain, although he had undergone right above - the - knee (ak) amputation surgery due to severe infection three years earlier . The patient's initial visual analogue scale (vas) score in the pain clinic was 9/10 (0 is no pain, 10 is the most severe pain im... |
The niti archwires are widely employed in orthodontics because they present shape memory effect and superelasticity combined to good mechanical properties . The shape memory resulting from the pseudoelastic effect (superelasticity) and thermoelastic effect is the main characteristic of these archwires and is closely re... |
Information processing within the brain critically depends on rhythmic oscillatory activity that synchronizes neuronal networks . Synchronization leads to local and global coupling of network elements and times neuronal firing . By these means, it enables the precise selection of relevant information . Depending on the... |
A 42-year - old costa rican female previously diagnosed with left eye autoimmune panuveitis presented with redness, pain and decreased vision to the bascom palmer eye institute (bpei). After failing to respond to a course of oral prednisolone therapy, the patient received ivta in the left eye in costa rica, 2 months pr... |
Proteus sp . Is a gram - negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod - shaped bacterium . Its main pathological role is in infections of the urinary tract, but it can also cause wound infections and septicemia . It is widely distributed in soil and water . Genomic dna was extracted from pure culture of bacterial strain and ... |
One of the often seen consequences of the aging process is the development of senile cataract, a disease that affects one of our most precious gifts, that of sight . This so - called senile cataract usually occurs in those over 45 years of age . Approximately 75 percent of population over 75 suffer from lens opacity or... |
One of the main concerns regarding fissure sealants is weakening of the bond of this material that may lead to secondary caries . As fissure sealants consist of a resin matrix, polymerization shrinkage may lead to weakening of the bond, resulting in microleakage that increases with time and leads to secondary bacterial... |
Fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) of enlarged lymph nodes is a useful screening test . Studies in the past have shown metastatic malignancy to be a major cause of enlargement of supraclavicular lymph nodes . In this study, we have attempted to analyze the pattern of presentation of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy ... |
Patients' quality of life (qol) and satisfaction assessment are becoming increasingly important in health care delivery [1, 2]. There is evidence that better qol and patient satisfaction might be associated with better medical outcome including reduced hospitalization and reduced mortality . Recently more attention has... |
Rapid progression, familial aggregation, non - contributory medical history, rarity, severity and early age of onset of clinical manifestations are among the main characteristics of aggressive periodontitis . This destructive periodontal disease results in severe bone loss, tooth loosening and eventual tooth loss . Sev... |
Endobronchial ultrasound - guided transbronchial needle aspiration (ebus - tbna) is a minimally invasive and safe technique that enables accurate diagnosis in various mediastinal lesions (masses / lymph nodes). Indications of ebus - tbna have gradually expanded with use being reported for other indications such as intr... |
A forty - nine - year - old woman was admitted to our orthopedic department for pain in the left knee that had lasted for two weeks . The patient's medical history revealed that she had been admitted to another hospital for pain in the right shoulder five months ago . During admission to another hospital arthroscopic i... |
Abundant graft materials are used nowadays for the purpose of reducing the signs and symptoms of postoperative phase after surgical extraction and promote soft tissue healing and bone regeneration . Among the several materials used to repair bone defects, autologous graft however, the use of platelet - rich plasma (prp... |
Copd is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and mental and physical comorbidities (eg, depression, dystrophy, and heart failure).1 an exacerbation of copd is an acute event caused by several factors . To those patients who need ventilator support because of lung infection the clinician s concern is ... |
Pruritus, or itch, is defined as a displeasing feeling that irritates the desire to scrape . Certain systemic diseases known to cause pruritus include renal, cholestatic, hematologic, endocrine, and malignancy disorders . Uremic pruritus (up) is a common and upsetting problem of chronic kidney disease specially end - s... |
The bond quality of the restorative material to the tooth substance is one of the factors that determine the longevity and clinical performance of dental restorations . Weakly bonded tooth - restoration interfaces are more prone to the effects of the masticatory forces and oral thermal stress in the short and long term... |
In conventional management of grave disease (gd), there are three major options: antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine (rai) therapy, and thyroidectomy (1). According to the guidelines of the american thyroid association and the american association of clinical endocrinologists, any one of these modalities is acceptabl... |
Chronic venous disease (cvd) is one of the most prevalent medical problems in the adult population of western european countries and usa with a significant impact on afflicted patients and on the healthcare system . Dysfunction of any of the normal structures of the venous system may lead to venous hypertension and to ... |
The pulmonary vein (pv) has been the main target for catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (af) ever since it was identified as the major trigger for af.1)2) different techniques that target the pv include direct trigger ablation,3) segmental ostial pv isolation4 - 6) and circumferential pv isolation.7... |
Since the genetics and cell biology of higher eukaryotes are extremely complex, scientists looking for a good model have turned to the use of yeast as a simpler system for the study of various pathologies including virus proliferation and assay new drugs against these pathogenic agents . The yeast saccharomyces cerevis... |
We report a case of periprosthetic fracture of a 57-year - old male patient with bmhr . The patient, having previously had a left total hip replacement for osteoarthritis, subsequently underwent right hip bmhr for osteoarthritis (fig . The surgery was uneventful and notching had not been noted at the time of surgery . ... |
Biological effects of electromagnetic millimeter waves were observed in many experiments on various biological objects, starting from the bacteria to the whole human body as well as model systems in general . It was repeatedly noted that the nature of the microwaves on biological objects is different from the conventio... |
Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial lesions; autopsy and radiographic studies find a prevalence of 17%.1 prolactinomas are the most common form of endocrinologically active pituitary adenoma; they account for 45% of pituitary adenomas encountered in clinical practice.2 prolactinomas are most often microadenomas ... |
A 48-year - old man presented with right knee pain that had been ongoing for 10 years prior and had not been the result of trauma; he presented with difficulty in full extension or squatting . The patient had received conservative treatment that included medication with non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs from ot... |
Spinal deformity surgery has the potential for massive blood loss15,19). Especially during long level lumbar or thoracic instrumented fusion with or without osteotomy, blood loss may be substantial and transfusion is required in most cases 11,12). Extensive blood loss can lead to massive blood transfusions, pulmonary o... |
The sleeve gastrectomy (sg) is the first part of the duodenal switch operation and leaves a lesser curvature tube after excising the fundus and greater curvature portion of the stomach . This surgery has become more and more popular as the first stage in the treatment of obesity [1, 2]. Minimally invasive surgery is be... |
Sca is a heterogeneous monogenic disease due to a single mutation a / t at the sixth codon of the -globin gene (s). The clinical complications arising from sickle cell disease include vasoo - cclusive crisis and its outcomes . As a result of chronic hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia is often observed leading to the formati... |
Struma ovarii (so) is a rare form of germ cell derived ovarian tumor, which is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue comprising more than 50% of the overall tumor volume . The vast majority of the variants of so are benign (95%); however, malignant tumors have been reported in a small percentage of cases . We prese... |
Our modern world is constantly facing with the challenges of the outbreak of infectious diseases, traffic accidents, food poisoning, war, terrorist attacks and many other natural or non - natural disasters such as earthquake, landslide and flood, etc . To minimize the damage and the suffering the disasters might cause,... |
The ultimate goal of surgery has always been providing the best and most effective procedure with the least amount of postoperative complications, and pain and the best possible aesthetic results . The first reported elective cholecystectomy was carried out by langenbuch in 1882 and open cholecystectomy became the stan... |
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