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The present report aims to molecularly characterize seven clinical l. pneumophila (l. pn .) Sg 1 isolated from nosocomial acquired infections in apulia region, using the european working group on legionella infections (ewgli), sequencebased typing (sbt) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) protocols and to... |
An 18 l culture of e. coli dh10b pbac clbp was grown in a defined m9 minimal medium for 72 h at 25 c (further described in supplementary information). The organic extract was dried in vacuo and fractionated over extensive normal- and reverse - phase chromatography . 27 was monitored by uv at 280 nm and by lc - ms in po... |
Participants were 23 individuals who met criteria for major depression on the structured clinical interview for diagnosis (scid; first, spitzer, gibbon, & williams, 2002) and 23 controls who had never experienced any psychiatric disorder (see table 1 for details). Some individuals in the depressed group also met criter... |
Malignant mesothelioma (mm) of the tunica vaginalis testis is a rare but often fatal malignancy . The lack of characteristic clinical features and tumour markers makes the pre - operative diagnosis of this fatal malignancy extremely difficult . A 54 year - old male farmer was referred by his gp to our radiology departm... |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is one of the most complex but still most common endoscopic procedures for tackling the majority of pancreatico - biliary problems . However, it carries a certain mortality and morbidity . Though less common, duodenal perforation during ercp occurs in 1.8% of patien... |
Acid dissociation constants are important physicochemical parameters, which can provide critical information about drug properties such as solubility, lipophilicity, acidity [13], transport behavior, bonding to receptors [24], and permeability . Hence, the relationship between the acid dissociation constants and struct... |
To investigate this question, we implanted a group of adult rats (n=11) with 16-channel microwire arrays in deep layers of the frontal motor cortex and recorded both local field potentials (lfp) and local mua across spontaneous sleep and wake (supplementary information). As expected, the wake lfp was characterized by l... |
Archived faecal specimens (n=104) which had been collected from a commercial farm in ireland in 2007 and stored at 4c were examined . Samples were taken from asymptomatic suckling and weaning piglets, aged from 2 to 6 weeks . Nucleic acids were extracted from pooled specimens using qiaamp dna stool mini kit (qiagen), f... |
A relation between two medicine specialties is always complicated when it comes to analysis of possible clinical decisions and consequences . Similar inferences can be drawn for endocrinology and anesthesiology, which are almost completely different functional therapeutic sciences . However, technical and medical advan... |
Under normal physiological conditions, endothelial cells form monolayers that line blood vessels and serve as an indispensable barrier that controls the transport of macromolecules from blood to the inter - stitium . Caveolae - mediated transcytosis is the primary means by which plasma macromolecules cross the endothel... |
Mucormycosis or zygomycosis is a rare opportunistic, potentially lethal infection characterized by rapid progression and high mortality, which represents the third most common fungal infection after candidiasis and aspergillosis . These opportunistic pathogens are ubiquitous organisms, existing in the environment, soil... |
The standard type, a0, changes to the mutant type, a1, with probability (0 <<12). The relative fitness of a0 is 1 and of a1 1 + s, where s is strictly greater than 0 . In general, the mutant type t generations after production is denoted at and its fitness is (1 + s)ft . To make this a model of deteriorating mutants al... |
Unprecedented interest in global health among physicians in training has driven calls for more opportunities and an expansion of global health experiences into medical school and residency program curricula [2, 3]. Data from the association of american medical colleges (aamc) found that, from 2006 to 2010, nearly 30% o... |
Flame retardants are chemicals used to inhibit or resist the spread of fire . They are widely used in different consumer products such as upholstered furniture, curtains, carpeting, textiles, plastics, and electronic devices to meet flammability standards in minimizing fire - related damage and death . Brominated flame... |
Emphysematous (gas - containing or gas - forming) infections of the body, especially in the abdomen and pelvis, are potentially life - threatening conditions that require prompt diagnostic work - up and aggressive medical and/or surgical treatment8). In the neurosurgical field, although rare, cases of gas - containing ... |
During the perioperative period, central nervous system neurons are extremely sensitive to any impairment of substrate delivery, especially oxygen - glucose deprivation (ogd), which represents one of the major causes of irreversible brain injury.1 neuroprotection deals with a series of mechanisms that can prevent brain... |
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn) is a rare but life - threatening acute necrotizing infection of the kidney that generates gas within the renal parenchyma / collecting system or perinephric tissues . Schultz and klorfein (1962) reported the first case series of epn, although the term emphysematous pyelonephritis was ... |
An intricate interconnected network of intracellular signaling molecules participate in regulating the electrical activity, size, and contractility of cardiac myocytes [1, 2]. Dysregulation of sarcolemmal potassium currents is known to contribute to ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmogenesis, heart failure, and sudden d... |
Simultaneous electrical stimulation of both ventricles in patients with interventricular conduction disturbance and advanced heart failure improves hemodynamics and results in increased exercise tolerance, quality of life [1 - 3]. Our approach is based on transthoracic dynamic three - dimensional (3d) echocardiography ... |
Gene therapy attempts the insertion and expression of exogenous genetic material in cells for therapeutic purposes . The transfer of nucleic acids can be performed directly in vivo or through modified cells ex vivo, and it can be combined with other treatments based on conventional medicine, physical therapy, surgical ... |
Ampullary carcinomas arise from the ampulla or papilla of vater (the duodenal papilla) and account for 0.2% of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract . However, with a proportion of 7% to 9%, they represent the second largest proportion (after pancreatic carcinoma) of periampullary carcinomas, which include ampullary car... |
Band - shaped keratopathy (bsk) is characterized by the deposition of a whitish, grayish, or yellowish opacity in the superficial layers of the central cornea . In the early stages, it appears in the nasal or temporal margins of the cornea, leaving a clear space between the corneal limbus and the opacity . The opacity ... |
One - year survival rates for liver transplantation currently stand at more than 80% in the us and europe [1, 2]; however, the demand for liver transplants far outstrips the number of available donor livers as increasing numbers of patients are referred for transplantation . Moreover, the global incidence of conditions... |
Cancer of the head and neck (h and n) is the fifth most common cancer in the united states, and despite significant progress in therapeutic modalities, almost half of patients with this diagnosis will relapse with local or distant disease, indicating the need for novel therapeutic interventions [1, 2]. Treatment of adv... |
Traditional laparotomic appendectomy has always been an essential part of the surgical resident training program . However, worldwide introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy (la) in the early nineties has renewed the interest of many staff surgeons in this technique, due to its excellent results, better patient cosme... |
Repeated hyperglycemia after meals causes hyperinsulinemia and a resultant resistance to insulin, which is problematic for people who have mild diabetes mellitus or are at risk for diabetes mellitus, and for people with obesity, because insulin is the obesity hormone.1 suppressing hyperglycemia after a meal will suppre... |
Gingival overgrowth or gingival enlargement is an increase in size of the gingiva and accounts to one of the many types of periodontal diseases . Based on etiologic factors and pathologic changes, gingival enlargement may be classified as - (1) inflammatory enlargement: acute and chronic; (2) drug induced enlargement: ... |
The efficacy of dolutegravir has been demonstrated in randomized studies in integrase inhibitor - naive adult populations.to date, a detailed review of the dolutegravir lipid profile has not been provided in the literature.dolutegravir has shown a broadly neutral effect on serum lipids in comparative clinical trials . ... |
Widespread industrial applications of chromium and the resultant effluent discharge affect the environment adversely . Conventional chemical, physical methods (chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, ion exchange, filtration, electrochemical treatment, reverse osmosis, membrane technologies, evaporatio... |
In many calcium - regulated exocytotic systems, the response to increasing concentrations of intracellular calcium is characterized by a sigmoidal relationship between exocytosis and calcium concentration (reviewed in knight and scrutton, 1986; knight and baker, 1987). There exist calcium concentrations that can elicit... |
One in every eight us seniors over the age of 65 has been diagnosed with alzheimer's disease (ad), amounting to more than 5.4 million people . With the aging baby boomers, unfortunately, pharmaceuticals have had limited success in preventing or treating age - related cognitive dysfunction, such as ad or even normal cog... |
Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) may seem to experience progression of the disease as measured by extreme elevations of serum or urinary calcium or by the advent of renal dysfunction, nephrocalcinosis or worsening osteopenia . However, neuromuscular weakness remains an infrequent association, which is o... |
We designed this cohort study to assess how different glucose - control strategies affect key microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in typical patients in community - based practices . We assessed the impact of four progressively more aggressive glucose - control strategies on ami and two mea... |
Pulmonary hypertension (ph) is a relevant complication in the natural history of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), since its presence is associated with shorter survival, increased risk of exacerbations, and greater use of health care resources.1 the actual prevalence of ph in copd remains uns... |
Many areas of the world experience a high population burden of metabolic abnormalities collectively known as metabolic syndrome (1). Included in this syndrome are insulin resistance; adiposity; hyperglycemia; hyperlipidemia; elevated blood pressure; and a sustained, mild proinflammatory profile (1). Over the past decad... |
Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) are among the first line anti - hypertensive drugs . However, the rationality of fixed dose combination of aceis and arbs is a matter of ongoing debate . Some studies have reported beneficial effect of combination therapy on ove... |
Radiation for treatment of locally advanced malignancies can lead to the development of radiation enteritis . This may present with neovascularization, ischemia, fibrosis, and even strictures, and occurs as a result of microvascular mucosal injury followed by ulceration, mucosal and serosal thickening, inflammatory cel... |
Choice, self - determination, and empowerment are foundational values for every patient, especially for those with psychiatric disorders.1 shared decision making (sdm) is a clinical model that endorses these values and implements the basic rights of a group of patients who have not sufficiently benefited from consumer ... |
It has long been known that all cells, not just excitable nerve and muscle, drive and respond to slow changes in transmembrane potential (vmem). Ion channels and pumps segregates charges to opposite sides of plasma and organelle membranes, producing slowly - changing differences in resting potential among cells in vivo... |
Celem pracy byy: 1) analiza obrazw ultrasonograficznych przypadkw ostrego zapalenia pcherzyka ciowego; 2) ustalenie najczstszych przyczyn konwersji z metody laparoskopowej do otwartej laparotomii; 3) okrelenie, w jakim stopniu za pomoc badania ultrasonograficznego mona przewidzie potrzeb konwersji . W latach 19932011 w... |
Neuropsychological evaluation is a very important tool to characterize cognitive aspects in patients with epilepsy and to determine the topography of the epileptogenic zone [14]. In a previous study conducted by our group, patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mtle) displayed a neuropsychological profile charact... |
The reported incidence of a heterotopic pregnancy in a spontaneous cycle is quoted as 1 in 30,000 . The direct increase in the incidence is related to the number of embryos being transferred in an in - vitro fertilization (ivf)cycle . Tubal damage including scarring, tubal epithelium or cilium damage and stenosis of th... |
African - americans have shown consistently smaller lung function compared with european - americans [19]. In addition, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (fev1) and forced vital capacity (fvc) in african - americans differed from those in caucasians by the same percentage, signifying that, for the same age and height, lu... |
Diets have been considered as nutriments, medicines, and poisons for thousands of years . With the development of modern nutrition, the roles of each dietary component in health and diseases have been gradually revealed after the understanding of its chemical structures and metabolism . This has contributed enormously ... |
Angiogenesis, a process fundamental to tumor growth, is regulated by angiogenic cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), transforming growth factor (tgf)-, and interleukin (il)-1 . Previously, a number of studies demonstrated that an elevated level of circulating vegf - a was associated with tumor ... |
Renal transplantation requires life - long immunosuppression and despite the fact that new immunosuppressants have allowed the acute rejection rate to be reduced, long - term results have not clearly improved . Thus, in order to achieve tolerance, important resources have been focussed on finding a strategy to overcome... |
Pregnant women are at an increased risk of insulin resistance, elevated inflammation, and oxidative stress, in particular during the third trimester . These conditions might result from micronutrient deficiency, increased maternal adipose tissue, and production of hormones by the placenta . It is assumed that pregnant ... |
Today, numerous new technological methods are used in medicine . A common one is capturing three - dimensional surface data of patients . These data can be used for different purposes such as planning for surgical treatment, visualizing complex procedures for the patient or comparing the patient s outcome after treatme... |
Figure 1 displays some genomic alignments from the popular ucsc genome browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu/) (1). The alignments are optimal local alignments, i.e. Genomic subsequence subsequence alignments maximizing an alignment score (2,3). Because the rigorous smith waterman gotoh algorithm for optimal alignment is rel... |
Cancer is the anomalous growth of cells in our bodies that can lead to death . These cells are born due to imbalance in the body and by correcting this unevenness; the cancer may be treated . Consistent with the american cancer society, deaths arising from cancer constitute 2 - 3% of the annual deaths recorded worldwid... |
Biological samples are an important part of epidemiological investigations of toxic exposures and their disease outcomes . Blood, urine, saliva, or hair has often been utilized to assess risk factors for a specific disease by comparing the concentrations of some environmental toxic substances between affected and unaff... |
The long strand of genomic dna must be organized three dimensionally in cells to scan and read genome information; this mediates various cellular functions . Genomic dna is wrapped around core histones and forms a nucleosome fiber (bead - on - a - string or 10-nm fiber). The nucleosome has long been assumed to be folde... |
Patients' and clinicians' esthetic demands have led to the development of high - technology processes such as glass infiltrated spinell and alumina, fused alumina or zirconia materials that are becoming increasingly advanced in their optical properties.1 - 3 these restorations allow diffuse transmission as well as spec... |
Ureteropelvic anastomosis is the most important step in pyeloplasty and has a large bearing on its success rate . Although continuous sutures are more watertight compared with interrupted sutures, the possibility of seeing the purse - string effect and tissue damage may be a concern . We present the results of our retr... |
Romantic relationships plays an important role in the development of many critical tasks of adolescence and young adulthood . Healthy dating experiences are associated positive adjustment and elevated self - esteem whereas aggressive dating experiences are associated with negative outcomes such as internalizing and ext... |
Pe is universally defined as hypertension and significant proteinuria developed at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy in an otherwise normotensive woman [13]. Pe is a multisystem disorder which complicates 314% of all pregnancies and about 58% of pregnancies in the united states . The disease is mild in 75% of cases in the... |
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the developed world affecting up to 25% of the adult population . It remains the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease . Suboptimal blood pressure control is re... |
Carbon dioxide (co2) is a very stable form of carbon, the central element of life on this planet and one of the simplest molecules that was probably highly abundant in the primeval earth atmosphere . This gas reacts with water, leading to h2co3, which is an unstable compound that is spontaneously transformed into bicar... |
Table 1 summarizes the criteria for the 7 dsm - iv somatoform disorders.18 the only validated entities, somatization disorder (sd) and conversion disorder, are infrequent.18,20,2533 the failure to validate the other dsm - iv entities stems from extensive overlap of criteria.34 an abridged sd (asd) construct requires fe... |
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (spn) is a rare pancreatic tumors, characterized by low malignant potential and strong female predilection . This tumor had several names including frantz s tumor, solid and papillary tumor, solid - cystic tumor, papillary cystic tumor, and solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm until 19... |
The horse industry is increasing because of its diversity, and involves business, sport, gaming, entertainment, or recreation . The raising of horses plays a significant role, due to the high number of animals for leisure, which has generated several direct jobs, such as those needed for handling and the sanity of the ... |
A functioning permanent vascular access that can be regularly utilized to access the systemic circulation is crucial for the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis . Yet, hemodialysis access failure was reported to be the most frequent cause of hospitalization among patients with chronic kidney disease stage ... |
Osteoarthritis (oa) of the knee is one of the most common conditions in the elderly, mostly associated with knee pain1,2). Radiographic oa (roa) is defined as a kellgren and lawrence grade of 2, whereas symptomatic oa (soa) refers to roa accompanied by symptoms . Approximately 12% of the total us population was estimat... |
This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the declaration of helsinki . The local ethics committee (radboud university nijmegen medical centre, nijmegen, the netherlands) approved the study, and all subjects gave written informed consent before participation . The study population consisted... |
Continuous renal replacement therapy (crrt) has become the preferred modality for the management of critically ill - children with acute kidney injury (aki) and fluid overload (f.o), especially in developed countries because of the advances in technology allowing more accurate treatment delivery and better control of b... |
Post - thoracotomy pain can adversely affect coughing and deep breathing, resulting in respiratory complications such as hypoxia, atelectasis, chest infection and respiratory failure that may delay recovery and if severe, could be life - threatening . Surgical approach to patent ductus arteriosus (pda) ligation surgery... |
In turkey, gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer - related mortality in men, and the fourth most common cause in women.1 it is very important to assess the presence or absence of metastases to establish appropriate treatment plans for gastric cancer . Gastric cancer generally metastasizes to the peri... |
Patients are provided with functional recovery and esthetical satisfaction at a lower cost.1 however, severe alveolar bone loss can be observed in patients who have worn complete dentures for a long time and inferior alveolar nerve may be near the alveolar ridge due to that process . This may lead to denture instabilit... |
The coronary angiogram (cag) remains the gold - standard method for assessing coronary artery disease (cad). However, the cag has inherent pitfalls, such as only showing the vessel lumen as an x - ray shadow image, created by the injection of contrast medium, and of often visualizing a " side - view . " Thus, the appar... |
The first case of tracheoesophageal fistula in a patient who sustained blunt thoracic trauma was reported by vinson . Delayed treatment of esophageal injury is associated with increased morbidity such as mediastinitis . Among all esophageal perforations, the reported incidence of traumatic esophageal rupture varies fro... |
Despite numerous efforts, the search for identification of crucial ligands and receptors being involved in either promotion or inhibition of cell growth, progression and susceptibility to cytotoxic drugs of acute myeloid leukemia (aml) cells is still warranted . Recently, tnf receptor family - related ligands were link... |
Zeb1 (also known in vertebrates as ef1, zfhx1a, areb6, tcf8, and zfhep) and zeb2 (sip1) are the closely related human forms of a two - member family of e - box binding transcription factors that is conserved from worm to man (for review, see . Both proteins contain seven zinc fingers, four near the n - terminus and thr... |
It is the next step allowing for improved cosmetic effects, potentially faster recovery, reduction of the number of integument incisions, which reduce postoperative pain, and further reduction of morbidity, such as wound suppuration and incision site herniation . Single access laparoscopy was recommended nomenclature l... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is the most common disease of the inflammatory joint diseases, afflicting about 1% of the world population . The disease can have a very aggressive course and poor outcome as inferred by the analysis of its social impact (after 10 years of disease duration, more than 50% of ra patients are una... |
During gestation, products of the endocannabinoid system in the placenta are crucial for maintenance of pregnancy and for both the onset and progression of labor . The endogenous ligands for this system, the endocannabinoids, are formed from membrane phospholipids . Two well characterised endocannabinoids are 2-acylgly... |
Chronic prostatitis is a common disease among men, and the incidence is gradually increasing . Due to the complicated condition of patients, the suboptimal effect of treatment, and the high rate of relapse although a many studies have been done on this topic, the pathogenesis and pathophysiologic alterations and the be... |
Guz ten lokalizuje si gwnie w jelitach (z predyspozycj do okolicy krtniczo - ktniczej), w wzach chonnych krezki i przestrzeni pozaotrzewnowej . Objawy kliniczne choroby s niespecyficzne: ble brzucha, wymioty, krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego, objawy ostrego brzucha sugerujce zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego lub wgobien... |
Copy number variation clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats human leukocyte antigen - a inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa - b kinase subunit kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mammalian target of rapamycin nuclear factor kappa b non - small cell lung cancer programmed death ligand 1 phosphoi... |
The evolution of pathogens and their hosts is often interpreted as an arms race: while hosts have developed multiple mechanisms to protect themselves, pathogens have generated diverse strategies to evade their hosts' defenses . But pathogens and hosts have also evolved mechanisms that allow a mutualistic coexistence . ... |
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (dm) and prediabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, especially in the developing countries . As a result, both the increase in medical costs and the decrease in the quality of life are becoming formidable challenges . The early diagnosis is of fundamental importance to the manageme... |
Most common chronic diseases are the result of interactions between multiple genetic variants and environmental factors . Despite significant advances in the last decade in the understanding of our genome, there are substantial limitations in epidemiological and analytic approaches to studying the effects of genetic de... |
Myoepithelioma, also known as myoepithelial adenoma and benign myoepithelial tumour is a neoplasm mainly constituted by ectodermally derived contractile cells that act as smooth muscle cells and are named myoepithelial cells . These tumours can present several architectural patterns, which are non - myxoid (solid), myx... |
Agents that selectively associate with cell surface receptors overexpressed on tumor cells can be used to deliver therapeutics . This strategy is referred to here as active to distinguish it from other forms of targeting (e.g., where the agent is intended to directly cause a therapeutic effect by binding cell surface r... |
Gynecological cancers are a frequent group of malignancies in women, accounting for approximately 18% of all cancers of women worldwide.1 cervical cancer (cc) is the second most deadly gynecological malignancy in the world . In developing countries, 500,000 new cases are diagnosed every year, some of which are the actu... |
For biotechnology development, some conditions are required but are not always provided at the adequate level in each country . These conditions include: the role of different actors such as scientists, educators, journalists, politicians, and economic partners;the existence of specialized structures concerned with bio... |
Patient adherence to glaucoma treatment regimens is essential to maintain maximum intraocular pressure (iop) reduction and to delay disease progression in patients with primary open - angle glaucoma.1 however, adherence with glaucoma treatment is a known problem, with multiple studies suggesting that more than half of ... |
Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (cieds) has been suggested as a new standard for patient follow - up and it has been accepted as an alternative to the majority of scheduled follow - up visits in the international guidelines . Expected benefits include reduction of outpatient clinic workload,... |
Eccrine porocarcinoma is a very rare sweat gland tumor that commonly occurs on the lower limb and trunk . Malignant eccrine poroma, also known as eccrine porocarcinoma (epc), is a tumor arising from the epidermal portion of eccrine sweat gland . This tumor may occur de novo or develop from a preexisting lesion as degen... |
Collapsing glomerulopathy (cg) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of end - stage renal disease . It is currently classified as one of the pathological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs). The exact cause of this lesion is still not known, but the list of associated genetic and acquired diseas... |
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax commonly occur in healthy young men or parturient women, in whom increased intra - alveolar pressure (valsalva maneuver, cough, emesis) leads to the rupture of marginal pulmonary alveoli (1). In contrast, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax following cervical emphysema are ... |
The incidence of breast cancer is very high in karachi and the highest in asia.1 early diagnosis is the most important factor in increasing the survival rate . Regular mammographic screening has shown great promise in this regard by decreasing breast cancer mortality by 15%20%.2,3 there are no government - funded scree... |
In mammals, the central nervous system (cns) has the second highest concentration of lipids after adipose tissue . Lipids play a critical role in neuronal membrane function as well as in enzyme, receptor, and ion channel activities [1, 2]. One of the main constituents of brain phospholipids is the omega-3 group of poly... |
Vitiligo is a non - contagious acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by defined white patches of variable shape and dimensions, increasing in size and number with time . The prevalence range in india found to be 0.46 - 8.8% with gujarat and rajasthan states have highest prevalence of approximately 8.8% . Approxi... |
It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid (senile) plaques, composed mainly of a peptides, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, containing abnormally aggregated and hyperphosphorylated tau protein . The a peptides are generated by the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (app) b... |
The use of genome - wide association studies (gwas) has successfully linked genetic variants with susceptibility to a wide range of common polygenic diseases . Such gwas, however, have almost exclusively focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). Additional studies targeted to specific copy number variant loci,... |
The basic principles of root canal treatment are the eradication of root canal irritant, obturation of the root canal system and preservation of the natural dentition . Traditionally root canal treatment was performed in multiple visits, with medication between root canal preparation and obturation, which mainly aims t... |
The recent world health organization report on the worldwide incidence of tuberculosis (tb) indicates that in 2012 there were an estimated 8.6 million incident cases of tb and 1.3 million deaths . In addition, it is estimated that one third of the world's population is latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis ... |
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs), or dry eye, is an eye disease characterized by dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva.1,2 dry eye is usually a chronic disease, affecting more than 10% of the population worldwide . In particular, it is more common among women and people> 65 years old.2,3 dry eye is a multifactorial dis... |
Epilepsy has a prevalence of approximately 1% (sander and shorvon, 1996). Over half have focal epilepsy and around one - third are refractory to medical treatment (semah and ryvlin, 2005). Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the imaging modality of choice to detect possible structural lesions underlying the epilepsy, t... |
The prevalence of autism has been increasing in the us over the last few decades, but its causes are not well understood . Several ecological analyses of autism have appeared in the last five years, reporting correlations with reported mercury emissions [2, 3], with precipitation, and with race . These study findings h... |
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