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Professional cleaning is a basic service occupation worldwide, and cleaning products are used daily in different environments, both indoors and outdoors.1,2 in recent years, a growing number of scientific studies have shown an association of cleaning work with respiratory adverse effects including asthma.35 in addition...
Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (hf) is a life - threatening situation with a short - term mortality of approximately 30% . Intravenous positive inotropic agents play an important role in the treatment of acute decompensation in patients with systolic hf . Although traditional inotropic agents such as, -a...
Celiac disease is an inflammatory disorder in which the small intestine is damaged as a result of an excessive autoimmune response to gluten . However, the overall morbidity and mortality is moderately elevated in comparison to the general population . This is caused by the development of a number of associated disorde...
In june 2005 the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the march of dimes, in collaboration with 35 professional and governmental organizations, convened a 3-day summit to discuss an agenda for preconception care programs, research, and policy . The summit was the result of internal workgroup discussions...
Radiotherapy represents a cornerstone of the treatment of breast cancer . In the past, the less advanced technology was the cause of severe damage to surrounding tissues in the breast, lung and chest wall . Today the planning of irradiation fields guarantees the near total absence of collateral effects, in particular p...
Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) on human health and wildlife are receiving growing attention for the next generation's health and have been known to interfere with endocrine systems by mimicking, blocking, and triggering actions of hormones and implicated with toxic effects, for example, disorders in d...
Facial trauma may be considered one of the most significant aggressions found in trauma centres due to the emotional consequences, the possibility of deformation, and the economical impact it causes in the health system . Because of little protection and considerable exposure of the facial region, a great number of sev...
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn) is a necrotizing infection characterized by the presence of gas within the kidney and perinephric tissue . The condition, usually occurring in diabetic patients, is rare and often life threatening . The enteric gram - negative bacilli such as escherichia coli, enterobacter, klebsiella...
Drug - induced hepatotoxicity is a major contributor to the high attrition rates of drug candidates during preclinical and clinical drug development . It is also responsible for many postlaunch withdrawals and labeling restrictions for drugs which have successfully gone through the discovery and development process . A...
Whole - genome sequencing offers unprecedented opportunity to reveal the genetic determinants of phenotypical characteristics of species . The availability of an increasing number of genome sequences allows conducting genome - wide scans of selection aimed at detecting the molecular footprints of adaptation (heliconius...
Asd is a group of increasingly recognised lifespan persistent neurodevelopmental disorders of early onset [3, 4] characterised by abnormalities in language, social interaction and a range of stereotyped and repetitive behaviours . However, autism (the paradigmatic asd) is both highly heritable, and associated with alte...
Peritonitis carcinomatosa indicates the presence of malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity, and is a well known complication of a number of malignant diseases . As a result, so - called malignant ascites develops . Malignant ascites is characterized by positive cytology of malignant cells . Impaired lymphatic drainag...
The progress in new antimicrobial agents to multidrug resistant pathogens for the treatment of various infectious diseases is of increasing interest . Therefore different plant extracts of many plants have been used locally against various pathogens, which showed positive results . Higher plants and their extracts are ...
Ceruloplasmin (cp) a positive app is increased due to stimulation of macrophages and monocytes at the sites of inflammation by cytokines . Pleural fluid (pf) accumulates in exudative effusions due to alteration of local factors influencing the formation and absorption of pf; in contrast, transudative effusion is due to...
Oral mucosa is an active site for the onset of numerous opportunistic infections such as oral candidiasis, epstein barr virus (ebv) associated oral hairy leukoplakia, kaposi sarcoma, periodontitis, and other ulcerative lesions in hiv infected patients [18]. The loss of mucosal immunity in the oral mucosa is generally t...
Odontogenic tumors comprise of a complex group of lesions of diverse histopathological types and clinical behavior . Of all swellings of the oral cavity, 9% are odontogenic tumors and within this group, ameloblastoma accounts for 1% of lesions . Who defines it as a locally invasive polymorphic neoplasia that often has ...
It is well - known that the molecular modeling of many biological processes requires a rigorous treatment of the long - ranged electrostatic interactions . Furthermore, recent years have seen the development of many promising next - generation force fields and fast ab initio methods that endeavor to generalize the elec...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and is most often degenerative in nature.1 for this reason, prevention of disease progression is an important therapeutic target in copd patients . Although forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1) shows only weak correlat...
Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (iph) is a rare cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (dah) with unknown etiology . Dah is characterized by haemoptysis, dyspnea, alveolar infiltrates on chest x - ray, and various degrees of anemia . In iph, it is classic disease of childhood, but approximately 20% of patients are pr...
Measures of eeg during ect, for example, smaller post - seizure fractal dimension have predicted antidepressant response . The earlier study on this subject used bilateral ect . This study aims to examine if this finding holds good even for unilateral ect, using both fractal dimension and spectral power analysis of eeg...
Non - melanoma skin cancer (nmsc) is a disease affecting mostly adult patients in their second half of life . Forehead and temple are commonly affected by the major types of nmsc, i.e. Basal cell carcinoma (bcc) and squamous cell carcinoma (scc). The treatment of choice in particular for larger tumours is mohs surgery ...
Today, diabetes is considered as one of the most common metabolic disease worldwide and an important factor for death and disability in various countries including iran . World health organization predicted from 1997 to 2025 increasing of number of people with type ii diabetes worldwide 143 million to 300 million . Alt...
Following mastectomy, tissue expander reconstruction is one of the most common methods for breast reconstruction . The use of acellular dermal matrices (adms) has been popularized in the use of tissue expander reconstruction . This biologic matrix provides support in the lower pole of the breast and helps define the lo...
Mucogingival problems form a definitive diagnosis that includes an array of clinical findings, namely gingival recession (gr), shallow vestibule, inadequate width of attached gingiva (ag) and aberrant frenulum . Surgical endeavor by goldman for the correction of three specific problems, namely periodontal pockets that ...
In this work, we coupled on - line kinetic capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (kce - ms) to study conformational dynamics of dna g - quadruplexes in solution . We showed that peaks shift and its widening in kce can be used for measuring rate and equilibrium constants for dna metal affinity interactions an...
In recent years, manganese oxides (mno2) have attracted considerable interests due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties and wide applications in catalysis, ion exchange, molecular adsorption, biosensor, and energy storage [1 - 5]. Specifically, manganese oxides have been extensively evaluated as electr...
10% of the population has experienced some kind of dental trauma, of which 0.5 to 16% were cases of avulsion of permanent teeth . Once avulsed, the tooth must be replanted into its own socket3 in order to reestablish functional normality . For success of replantation, maintenance of viable periodontal ligament cells pr...
Routine vl testing is not yet widely available globally, with some countries still not recommending routine vl testing at all in their national guidelines, or recommending it only in the case of suspected treatment failure (mdecins sans frontires [msf] access campaign: http://msfaccess.org/hiv-hcv-diagnostic-product-gu...
In the era of assisted reproduction, we have potential to achieve pregnancy for women at any age . Irrespective of menstrual functioning of the women our ability to make this possible with advent of donor embryo transfer have given us a sense of pride and potential to have near control on reproduction biology, but it r...
Qat leaves contain more than 40 alkaloids, glycosides, tannis, terpenoids and others . Cathine and cathinone are the most important alkaloid constituents of qat that have amphetamine like effect . Therefore, people chew qat to get psycho - stimulation effect in the form of euphoria and excitement due to its cathin and ...
Hugonnet and colleagues present an interesting article on nurse staffing and ventilator - associated pneumonia (vap). Although this study joins a number of other studies on nurse staffing and adverse outcomes of hospitalized patients, i feel compelled to address several important limitations of this study . What i find...
The helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) bacterium is responsible for 5.5% of all infection - associated cancers and is the major cause of gastric cancer in consequence of chronic inflammation . Persistent gastric mucosa inflammation results in chronic gastritis and progresses through a multistep process to gastric atrophy,...
Ce vloaded silica mixed oxide (ce v) with a ce: v molar ratio of 1:1 was synthesized by the wet impregnation method.46, 47, 48 ce(no3)36 h2o, (62 mg for 1%, 124 mg for 2% and 250 mg for 4%; aldrich99%) and voso4xh2o, (63 mg for 1%, 126 mg for 2% and 252 mg for 4%; aldrich97%) were dissolved in distilled water (50 ml), ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) emerged only in late 2002, but the rapid transmission of the disease worldwide within a few months has led to serious public health concerns . The putative agent of this new disease, identified in march 2003, is a novel and more pathogenic strain of the commonly occurring corona...
Tooth eruption has been described as the movement of a tooth from its normal position within the alveolar process towards its functional position in the oral cavity . This process is accompanied by multiple tissue changes, such as resorption and apposition of the alveolar bone and development of the root and periodonti...
Congenital avf of the popliteal artery is very rare, with few case reports in the literature . An 89-year - old lady was transferred to our hospital with progressive pain in her right calf radiating to her toes over the course of a few days . On presentation the patient had a background history of type 2 diabetes melli...
Vaccination against vaccine - preventable diseases is an essential component of women's primary and preventive health care . To provide the best care for our patients, obstetrician - gynecologists are increasingly called to be vaccinators . A system is in place in this country to track adverse events following vaccine ...
Compared to hiv - uninfected individuals living with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (mtbi), people living with hiv (plhiv) possess a 2037-fold higher risk of developing tuberculosis (tb). This disease accounts for approximately 25% of all hiv - related deaths [13]. The prevailing paradigm explaining the immunolog...
Congenital or primary hypoparathyroidism presenting with new onset seizures in an adult is an infrequent phenomenon . There is a tendency for solo practitioners in india to feel apprehensive about adult patients presenting with new onset seizures . The immediate response is to give an injectable anti - epileptic drug a...
The selection of an optimal treatment modality for patients with n2-positive stage iiia (n2-iiia) non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) has been a major controversial issue in thoracic oncology . A multimodality approach rather than a single modality therapy has been preferred, and the current national comprehensive can...
Orthosiphon stamineus benth (syn . : o. aristatus (bl .) Miq ., misai kucing, leaves extracts have been used as traditional medicine and possess benefits such as antidiabetic, ability to increase plasma triglyceride and plasma hdl - cholesterol concentrations, anti - lithiatic and hypouricemic effects [4, 5], antifunga...
The melany cohort has been conducted at the israel defense forces staff periodic examination center (spec), to which all career service personnel aged older than 25 years are referred every 3 to 5 years for a routine health examination and screening tests, as described previously (22,23). At each visit to the spec, par...
Transradial angiography (tra) and transradial coronary intervention (tri) have become popular approaches because of several advantages, such as fewer bleeding complications [13]. However, use of tra and tri is limited for patients with a narrow radial artery, being associated with the risk of artery spasm, occlusion or...
Spatial organization, from organisms to molecules, is a defining feature of life . In multicellular organisms, cells serve to concentrate and organize biological activities, facilitating metabolism, growth, and division . In eukaryotic cells, biochemical activities can also be concentrated and regulated through the for...
Binocular surgery is the most commonly used approach for surgical treatment of large - angle horizontal strabismus involving three or four horizontal rectus muscles . This procedure is widely used because it avoids significant limitations of ocular movement, which could occur in surgeries of greater magnitude.15 howeve...
The term subclinical hypothyroidism is used to define that grade of primary hypothyroidism, in which there is an elevated thyroid - stimulating hormone (tsh) concentration in the presence of normal serum free thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine concentrations . The worldwide prevalence of spontaneous overt hypothyroidi...
The recently published paper by sanchez - sanchez and colleagues is a very interesting and well documented study showing how challenging it is to prevent fluid creep during early resuscitation after major burn trauma . Under- and over - resuscitation have been associated with complications and poor outcome not only in ...
C - reactive protein (crp), the prototypic acute phase reactant, is produced primarily by the liver as part of the body's mechanism to restrict injury and promote repair after an inflammation evoking injury [13]. Crp is a member of the phylogenetically ancient and evolutionarily conserved pentraxin family of proteins a...
Cancer is a serious life - threatening disease . Despite the improvements in cancer medicine that are transforming cancer into a chronic and even curable disease patient - perceived severity can be considered a proxy for beliefs about the objective controllability of disease, and is related to health behavior under cer...
Spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage (bgh) is the most common hemorrhagic stroke, imposing significant socio - economic burden on the victims.18) anatomically, the basal ganglia generally refer to a set of subcortical nuclei, such as striatum, composed of the caudate nucleus and putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nig...
The symmetry of biomolecules originating from gene duplication and consolidated by evolution, while often only approximate, is intimately linked to functionality . For transmembrane proteins (tmps) in particular, symmetry is one of the common properties shared in their functional states, and it has been related to dyna...
Vascular complications after renal transplantation occur frequently and can lead to the deterioration of renal function, graft loss, and even death . Iliac vein stenosis is a rare complication after renal transplantation, with only a few cases reported to date,, . Here, we describe a case of iliac vein stenosis that de...
There are a few qol questionnaires dedicated for patients with ais: srs-22, scoliosis quality of life index (sqli) and sf-36 seem to be the most diffused [2, 3]. Two questionnaires for monitoring the level of stress in patients currently being managed conservatively for progressive scoliosis have been constructed: they...
The robert wood johnson foundation funded hablamos juntos (hj), a $10-million multiyear demonstration to improve access to health care for latinos with limited english proficiency and to explore cost - effective ways for health care organizations to provide language access services . In this manuscript, the authors dra...
The objective of this report is to document the combination of intussusception and malrotation in an adult and to discuss clinical features and the treatment used in this case . A 25-years - old female patient presented in surgical emergency with complaints of diffuse pain abdomen, associated with vomiting, inability t...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is predicted and reported as the third cause of death in 2030 by world health organization (who) and is receiving gaining attention due to the increase in elderly population, in addition to the pollution worsening all over the world . Besides, it is known that occurrence rat...
All participants signed informed consent forms, and the study adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . The study initially included 24 eyes of 24 patients who presented to the retina clinic at the hospital, were diagnosed with unilateral exudative amd, and underwent anti - vegf treatment with intravitreal...
Neuropathic pain is a devastating condition, and our lack of knowledge regarding its pathogenesis has hampered efforts to find an effective treatment . Increasing evidence has shown that mitogen - activated protein kinase (mapk) plays important roles in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain . The mapk family co...
Controlling tb in india is a tremendous challenge and the burden is still staggering. (2) the revised national tuberculosis control programme (rntcp), based on the dots strategy, was implemented in the country since 1993 . A dots observer watches and helps the patient to swallow the drug and ensures the treatment for t...
The life - style of women in developing countries is changing due to a shift in age at marriage and child bearing . Working mothers show a low inclination toward breast feeding and an increased trend in early weaning . Fine - needle aspiration cytology (fnac) of palpable breast lesions has become a boon in developing c...
Twenty - two sites in five european countries (france, germany, norway, romania, and spain) participated in this phase 2, open - label, randomized, controlled 16-week trial . The trial protocol was approved by local institutional review boards, and all subjects gave written informed consent . The study was conducted in...
Portal vein thrombosis (pvt) after liver transplantation (lt) is one of serious complications and reportedly ranges from 2% to 13% . A 60-year - old female underwent living - donor lt with the left liver graft for end - stage liver disease related to chronic hepatitis c. after reperfusion, indocyanine green (icg)-fluor...
Geneexpression profiling approaches divided all into several subcategories, in which prognoses and frequencies according to age differ significantly.12 herein, we introduce one of the new all categories, phlike all, which is related to highrisk all . Philadelphia chromosome positivity signifies the result of a transloc...
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (rpls) is radiologically characterized by symmetrical subcortical areas of vasogenic edema that are preferentially parieto - occipital, and it typically resolves after appropriate treatment . We present a patient with strikingly unilateral rpls that developed 21 days af...
The science of outcome prediction is particularly useful in the setting of the emergency room the entry point of many to acute care . In this issue of critical care jaimes and coworkers evaluate the usefulness of artificial neural networks (anns) in predicting hospital mortality in patients presenting to the emergency ...
Some examples include clostridium difficile, methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), extended spectrum beta - lactamase producing gram - negative bacilli and acinetobacter baumanii . There is overwhelming evidence that the use of antibiotics is a driving factor for the emergence of resistance . This probl...
The chromosome 11q13 deletion syndrome, the otodental syndrome or oculo - oto - dental syndrome, is a rare but severe autosomal dominant craniofacial anomaly1). They described that the syndrome is characterized by multiple dental abnormalities that included large, globe - shaped molars, absent or small premolars, delay...
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl) is a rare variant of extranodal non - hodgkins lymphoma (nhl). Cure is achieved only in a minority of patients using high - dose chemotherapy with or without whole brain irradiation . However, combined chemoradiotherapy often is associated with severe neurotoxicity leadin...
Atrial septal defect (asd) is a tissue defect which allows blood passing between both atria, and accounts for approximately 5 - 10% of all congenital heart defects.1) under clinical situations such as high proportions of left - to - right shunts, right ventricular volume overloads and paradoxical embolisms, the closure...
A 42-year - old man, who had complained of seizure and headache, was admitted to another hospital, where angiography and ct revealed an avm in the left occipital lobe, with hematoma (fig . Preembolic cerebral angiography revealed a left - sided occipital avm fed by the left posterior parietal artery and branches of the...
Numerous syndromes of a suspected infectious origin remain of unknown microbial aetiology even after investigation by a thorough microbial diagnostic assessment that includes the use of broad - range bacterial pcr targeting the 16s rrna encoding gene on normally sterile samples . However, this technique fails to detect...
Heart failure is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and death, with an increasing trend in the number of patients living with heart failure.1 it has been acknowledged that several comorbid conditions and biomarkers are associated with disease progression and outcome in heart failure.2 indeed, because the ...
Non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) is the most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide (1, 2). In china, new nsclc cases are approximately 569, 000 annually (3). Platinum - based chemotherapy remains the first - line treatment for advanced nsclc, especially in patients without mutation...
Ventricular septal defect (vsd) complicating acute myocardial infarction (ami) is reported in 0.2% the patients in this thrombolytic era . In the first week emergent surgical closure of post infarction vsd with or without appropriate revascularization irrespective of the clinical status had been the standard treatment ...
There are two conventional wisdoms about weather and electoral participation (see knack 1994; gomez et al . 2007; and references therein). One is that inclement weather on election day reduces voter turnout, whereas pleasant weather encourages people to vote in greater numbers . The common belief is that poor weather d...
A 32-year - old male from nepal presented to the oculoplasty clinic with complaints of redness and swelling of both the upper eyelids followed by progressive drooping for the last 5 years . There was no history of diurnal variation, double vision, trauma or any previous surgery . The patient also gave history of recurr...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive muscular atrophy and death within 35 years after its onset . Most patients have the so - called sporadic als, with unknown etiology; and approximately 10% of the patients have the familial form of the disease, when more tha...
Emmons - type olefinations . Incorporating -substitution in a stereodefined,-unsaturated ester has been a significant limitation to date for this method . There are several valuable natural product cores that can be elaborated using the described -arylated phosphonoacetates, especially the cinnamic acid core, shown in ...
They are present in the eye in high concentrations . The retina and lens in general and the macular region in the center of the retina in particular there is increasing evidence that lutein and zeaxanthin may play an important role in protecting against several eye diseases, such as age - related macular degeneration (...
It is well - established that obesity is associated with a substantial burden of illness and health care costs . Obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and many other noncontiguous diseases . The economic costs associated with the managem...
The migration of peripheral circulating monocytes into tissues is considered an important process in the immune response, including inflammatory reactions . During this process, monocytes migrate from the circulation, across the endothelium and the basement membrane, and into the affected tissue . When monocytes enter ...
Oral cavity cancer involves the lesions occurred in the tongue, lip mucosa and floor of the mouth . One of the standard methods for control of oral cavity tumors is the external radiation therapy in which the linac or cobalt 60 source (60co) is used for irradiation . Beside the positive effect of radiation in oral cavi...
We present an atypical presentation of this disease with rare pathological finding in the setting of ulcerative colitis (uc). This patient came to our institution as a referral for management of worsening colitis and difficulty passing stool . Initial colonoscopic and radiographic studies revealed a large mass in the r...
A number of surgical options are available for treating medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis (oa) of the knee, such as high tibial osteotomy (hto), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty . However, the activities of patients after arthroplasty may be limited and revision surgery is invariably...
Transplantation of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (pbscs) is used to facilitate hematologic recovery after high - dose chemotherapy.1,2 although several methods for mobilization of pbscs have been described,35 leukapheresis is a commonly used collection procedure . Pbsc yield is enhanced if collection is perform...
Surfactant proteins (sps), originally known as human lung surfactants, are essential to proper respiratory structure and function . They are unique in composition, consisting of about 90% lipids, mostly phospholipids, and 810% surfactant - associated proteins . Sps line the alveolar surface, and reduce surface tension ...
Sh is defined as a serum tsh concentration below the reference range, with normal free t4 (ft4) and free t3 (ft3) levels . It can be divided into two groups; patients with a mildly reduced tsh (0.10.4 mu / liter) can be classified as having grade i sh, whereas those with a serum tsh of less than 0.1 mu / liter, includi...
The most currently used adhesive system classification is based on the number of steps necessary for clinical application and their interaction with dental hard tissues . Total etch adhesive systems, which remove the smear layer with phosphoric acid and combine the functions of primer and adhesive in one bottle, have b...
Its frequency increases during childhood but it usually resolves by the age of 30 years . Acetylation is a metabolic pathway in a number of drugs, which exhibits a genetically controlled bimodal distribution within any given population which is phenotyped as slow or rapid acetylators . Studies had been done to determin...
Cervical pedicle screw fixation can achieve three - column stability and rigid fixation, and is especially suitable for patients with cervical spine instability caused by osteoporosis, cervical spine injuries, bone degeneration, and tumors [68]. However, cervical pedicle screw placement involves higher risks than pedic...
Ruptured rudimentary horn is a life threatening obstetrical emergency encountered frequently in the emergency department where the diagnosis is either missed or delayed . Unicornuate uterus results from abnormal development and fusion of the mullerian ducts usually associated with various degrees of rudimentary horn wh...
Bochdalek hernia is a congenital posterior lateral diaphragmatic defect, which allows abdominal viscera to herniate into the thorax . Intrathoracic ectopic kidney accounts for 5% of all renal ectopias and its association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been reported to have an incidence of only 0.25% . We repo...
At present, while the trend of cigarette smoking is either stable or decreasing, the trend of other forms of tobacco use, most notably the waterpipe is increasing . Waterpipe has a history of as long as four centuries and originates from india and ancient persia . During the past decade, waterpipe smoking (also known a...
Rett syndrome (rtt), an x - linked neurodevelopment disorder affecting almost exclusively females, is associated with a single monogenic mutation (methyl - cpg binding protein 2, mecp2) in up to 95% of cases, more rarely by mutations in cyclin - dependent kinase - like 5 (cdkl5), and forkhead box protein g1 (foxg1) gen...
Leishmaniasis, also known as kala - azar (literally meaning black fever or black disease) is a zoonosis caused by protozoan of the genus leishmania, which is transmitted by bite of insect vector phlebotomus sandfly . Still it is a rare infection in postrenal transplant setting with atypical presentation leading to dela...
The drosophila slowpoke channel (dslo) is a large conductance voltage - gated, calcium - dependent potassium channel (atkinson et al ., 1991; dslo has many tissue - specific splice variants with different properties (becker et al ., 1995; atkinson et al ., 1998), and plays important roles in neuronal excitability, neur...