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Oral cancer is an important public health issue because its occurrence is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, and the majority of cases could probably be prevented with appropriate behavior modification . Among all cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma consists about 3% of all cancers in ma...
Toxicity is a function of both exposure time period and concentration or dose [14]. Nevertheless most of the toxicological data are based on the quantitative relationship between concentration or dose and adverse effect without consideration of the exposure time period [57]. Often imprecise terms such as acute, subacut...
Diketopiperazines (dkps) are well represented among natural products, particularly fungal metabolites, with structural diversity extending across fused heterocycles, prenylation, polythio - bridging, dimerization, nitration, halogenation, oxidation, and more . Typically viewed as products of nonribosomal peptide syntha...
The essence of any organism is the spatial and temporal expression pattern of its gene repertoire . While the genome provides the template transcription factors (tfs) are often termed the master regulators of gene expression . By binding to the dna, they tightly control where and when the nearby target gene is expresse...
During episodes of epilepsy, patients suffer from diverse visual symptoms (such as illusion, hallucination, and visual loss) and oculomotor signs (tonic eye deviation, eyelid blinking, or myoclonus). Epileptic nystagmus (en) is defined as a quick, repetitive jerky movement of the eyeball associated with seizure activit...
Preeclampsia is defined as a new - onset hypertensive disorder with elevated urine protein, which occurs in pregnant women after 20 weeks gestation . Severe preeclampsia, a liver disease that is unique to pregnancy, is often complicated by severe liver damage . Dani et al . Detected microvesicular fat droplets in the l...
Extramammary paget's disease (empd) is a rare epidermal carcinoma that most often appears in the anogenital region . It resembles paget's disease of the nipple in appearing as isolated paget cells or small groups of paget cells rather than as a continuous mass [2, 3]. The presence of sialomucin is one way of distinguis...
Mondor s disease is a rare benign clinical entity characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall.1 anatomically, the affected veins include the lateral thoracic, thoracoepigastric, and superior epigastric veins.2 this condition was first described by faage3 in 1869...
In daily practice in togo, it is important to have hematological reference values for diagnosis orientation and treatment decision . The hematological reference values were determined many years ago for the caucasian's populations [13]. However there are some discrepancies from one study to another which may be related...
Goltz syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by dermal thinning which leads to fat herniation with cutaneous and systemic abnormalities . It is inherited as an x linked dominant gene, which is lethal in males . It was first identified by goltz et al . In 1962 with a report of three affected girls . Even though 200 c...
Transperineal prostate brachytherapy is one of the definitive treatment options for localized prostate cancer [14]. Post - implantation dosimetry is a crucial component of treatment as it enables assessment of the delivered dose to the prostate and peri - prostatic structures, assesses the position of the prostate impl...
In 1963 lloyd and dennis described a patient named rachel cowden who died of bilateral breast cancer in her thirties . Cowden syndrome is now recognized as an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomas originating from all three germ - cell layers . There is increased risk of early breast cancer f...
The inclusion criteria for the participants was normal outer- and middle - ear conditions with a tympanic pressure within 50 dapa, a tympanic compliance between 0.3 and 1.6 mmho, and a tympanic volume between 0.6 and 2.0 ml . Three pairs of a commercially available receiver - in - the - aid (rita) hearing aid (resound ...
India, one of the oldest civilizations around the world, is the country with a long history of almost 5000 years and extremely complex social structure . Most of the religious groups around the world like hinduism, islam, buddhism, christianity, etc ., are present here and in addition, there are a variety of cultures a...
Onychomycosis is the most common nail fungal disease, which causes discoloration, thickening, hardening, and crumbling of the infected nails . The delivery and maintenance of an effective concentration of antimycotic drugs higher than their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) across nail plate are a major challenge ...
The efficacy and safety of gla-300 compared to gla-100 has been investigated in the phase 3 edition clinical trial program, which comprised a series of international, multicenter, randomized, open - label, parallel - group, treat - to - target studies conducted in distinct populations of people with type 1 or type 2 di...
Phenolic compounds are a class of chemicals that have a hydroxyl functional group attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group . The term polyphenols refers to a group of chemical substances found in plants which are characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit, for example, hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid...
The netrin family of proteins are highly conserved pleiotropic signaling molecules which belong to the laminin superfamily . Netrins are present in all bilaterally symmetrical animals studied to date, and receptors for netrins have been found in all vertebrates studied thus far . The most well - characterized netrin, n...
She reported that the diplopia did not have a fixed pattern and was not aggravated by fatigue . Her external ocular examination, intraocular pressures, and pupillary light reactions were all normal . The extraocular motility examination revealed abnormal abduction of the left eye, which never reached beyond the midline...
Cleft of the palate and lip have intrigued the clinician for a very long time . It is the commonest congenital anomaly to affect the orofacial region and since the time of veau (1931) at various times efforts have been made to classify and repair these anomalies . While the repair of the cleft lip and palate was done p...
We prepared seed and substrate homogenates as 10% (wt / vol) homogenates in pmca conversion buffer (10). Seed homogenates were diluted into substrate homogenates so that all pmca reactions contained equivalent amounts of prp based on the prp levels in each seed homogenate . Prp levels were determined by western blot ti...
Successful implantation is dependent on the development of high - quality embryos and the acquisition of endometrial receptivity . Although the fertilization rate is relatively high and embryo culture conditions continue to improve, implantation is still the limiting step in the success of in vitro fertilization - embr...
The correlations of a radiation field between different temporal and spatial points, generally referred to as coherence 1, vary strongly depending on the light source . The low correlations between spontaneous emission events from conventional incoherent light sources such as incandescent filaments or fluorescent tube ...
In this chapter, janice morse introduces the readers to the original grounded theory method developed by glaser and strauss (1967). Grounded theory may now be the most popular qualitative research method used extensively in north america and internationally . According to morse, grounded theory, when used with a symbol...
In travellers returning from jamaica, common causes of fever / myalgias include malaria, typhoid, dengue and chikungunya fever . Chills are prominent in malaria, but are less prominent in dengue and chikungunya fever, and are notably mild / absent in typhoid fever . Typhoid fever (rose spots), dengue, and chikungunya f...
Human and mouse peripheral blood was obtained from five independent healthy blood donors and four c57 black mice, respectively . Human and mouse mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were isolated by density gradient (ficoll / histopaque-1077; sigma, st . Louis, mo; or lympholyte - m; cederlane laboratories, hornby, on, canada, re...
Although the use of low dose rate (ldr) sources in brachytherapy has declined in recent years in favor of the high dose rate sources (hdr), the use of ldr cs sources is still prevalent in some centers . The reason for this is the necessity of the existence of updated dosimetric data tables that allows proper treatment ...
Fuel source, leading to a vast body of literature concerned with fuel cell technology . In the absence of an appropriate electrocatalyst (defined as a system that reduces the overpotential, the required energetic driving force, and/or increases the rate of electron transfer), the nonaqueous oxidation of h2 to liberate ...
Osteoporosis is an osteometabolic disease, characterized by low bone mass and micro - architectural deterioration of bone tissue, enhanced bone fragility, and increased fracture risk, which has become a major threat to health of the elderly people in aging societies . There are about 200 million people worldwide with t...
The lack of a reliable indicator to assess cellular hypoxia and monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions remains a major challenge in critical care medicine . In a study published in the previous issue of critical care, khosravani and they noted an independent association between mortality and blood lacta...
Balance is the ability to control the center of gravity (cog) within the base of a support in a given environment . Decreased ability to control balance may increase the fear of falling, which may decrease mobility . Body balance is believed to be controlled by the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems, which h...
Myofascial pelvic pain (mfpp) is a major contributor of chronic pelvic pain and is characterized by the presence of myofascial trigger points, or taught bands of muscle, in addition to regional pelvic pain . The pathogenesis of mfpp is complex and occurs as a result of several interacting mechanisms . Fundamentally, it...
They may cause problems both for patients undergoing dental treatment and for dental personnel because of occupational exposure . The oral mucosa, including the lips, is constantly exposed to a large number of potentially irritating and sensitizing substances . Hand dermatitis characterized by itching, burning, erythem...
Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the breast is a promising diagnostic technique with a high sensitivity and a reasonable specificity for the detection of invasive breast tumors [1, 2]. Approximately 10% of patients with a malignant breast lesion detected on mammography has an additional malignancy that is mammograph...
Locationlineagevirus nameabbreviationha1miami, usaprediva / eq / miami/63mia/63 m29257 fontainebleau, franceprediva / eq / fontainebleu/79fon/79 cy032405 newmarket, ukprediva / eq / newmarket/79nwm/79 d30677 kentucky, usaprediva / eq / kentucky/2/81ky/2/81 cy028820 suffolk, ukeua / eq / suffolk/89suf/89 x68437 hong kon...
We evaluated 36 strains of mdr c. striatum, isolated from 3 hospitals in italy during 20052007 . Fourteen strains were from bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, 3 from blood, 7 from central venous catheter tips, 5 from tracheal aspirates, 4 from wound specimens, 1 from bal and pleural fluid, 1 from urine, and 1 from a l...
Familial mediterranean fever is a recurrent disease with autosomal recessive heredity which especially peritoneum, pleura and joints face with1 . Although fmf changes with attacks, it does not require long - term immobilization which may cause osteoporosis . Recently, some studies have shown that subclinical inflammati...
Various chemicals, ultrasonics, and lasers, in combination or alone, have been evaluated for the removal of the smear layer with varying results . Sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 15.25% concentration as an irrigant is widely used in root canal treatment as it is bactericidal and has the ability to dissolve organic tissues...
Though pain is subjective, it is a measurable concept.1,2 perception of pain shows personal differences, and it is known that everybody s pain threshold is different . These types of changes are used to score pain with the aid of various scales.3,4 currently, pain management in clinics, especially intensive care units,...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver in adults . It is also the fifth most common solid cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related death [1, 2]. Moreover, hcc incidence and death rate are rising in the united states and demonstrate the highest annual perc...
Rinosinusites (rs) is a pathology that reflects a contiguously inflammatory or infectious process of the nasal region and to the sinus . It is a clutter that annually affects more than 31 million americans of all the ages and sorts1 . The rs can be divided in acute (when it lasts up to 12 weeks) or chronicle (lasting 1...
To report a case of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (cnv) in a patient with crohn's disease (cd) and to discuss a possible association between these two conditions . A 69-year - old male affected by cd was referred to our department because of sudden visual acuity drop in the left eye . A subfoveal cnv was diagn...
The knowledge, skills, competencies, and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity, which embodies an outlook of human capital being a source of investment and production more than a source of use . That is why human resources can be the most important infrastructure of intellectua...
A 12-year - old boy presented with a new onset generalized tonic - clonic seizure . The patient was born at term after an uneventful pregnancy by an uncomplicated caesarean section with low birth weight of 2,900 g (1025th percentile). At 8 months the child underwent surgical repair of a cleft palate and at age 2 years ...
Chronic diseases are conditions, which are usually irreversible, persist for a long duration, and require individuals to seek care over a life - time . These conditions include hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, chronic respiratory conditions, cancers, autoimmune, degenerative, and endocrine diseases . Chr...
Initial resuscitation of hypovolemic and distributive shock involves the aggressive infusion of large volumes (several liters) of intravenous fluids (colloids or crystalloids). For example, american trauma life support guidelines advocate rapid administration of 12 l crystalloid in the initial management of hypovolemic...
Even if a majority of the numerous efforts to transform undergraduate biology education are successful, there is no expectation that the biologist of the near future will be an expert in several different scientific fields . Instead, the new biologist is envisioned as a scientist with a deep knowledge in one discipline...
A 14-year - old boy with flexion contractures of the ring and little fingers with a similar affection in the plantar fascia was the first reported case of histologically proven dupuytren's disease in a child . Urban et al ., in their study on nine cases, proved eight cases of dupuytren's disease histologically . One wa...
During spindle assembly, the initial lateral interactions between chromosomes and microtubules are converted into stable end - on kinetochore - microtubule attachments that lead to chromosome bi - orientation (magidson et al ., 2011). After chromosome bi - orientation, the opposing spindle forces generate tension on ce...
Interacting with the environment to achieve our goals implies mainly motor actions, such as grasping objects or walking to change position . Thanks to these actions, we can drink water when thirsty and leave a room if we see a fire starting . Control over the environment is highly diminished by physical damage to the b...
Neurocutaneous melanosis (ncm) is a rare dysmorphogenesis associated with single or multiple giant pigmented cutaneous nevi and abnormal proliferation of the melanin - containing cells in the leptomeninges of the central nervous system (cns). Since the rokitansky have been described in 1861, fewer than 200 cases of ncm...
Thoracic aortic dissection occurs when blood flow is redirected from the aorta (true lumen) into the media of the aortic wall (false lumen), through an intimal laceration, creating a septum . Although thoracic aortic dissections are rare, resulting ruptures can lead to mortality, accounting for 60% of deaths.1 contribu...
A 46-year old, female patient visited our clinic with the main complaints of back pain and numbness at the left lower limb, which had begun six months earlier . The patient stated that the pain had become severe since she had undergone discectomy at l4/5 for the back pain in april, 2010, which was one month before visi...
Pemphigus vulgaris (pv) is an autoimmune intraepithelial blistering disease involving the skin and mucous membranes . It affects both sexes almost equally and is more common in middle - aged and elderly patients [2, 3]. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is associated with a dramatic improvement of the condition; however,...
Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (ttts) is one of the major complications of monochorionic twin pregnancy and it accounts for 15 - 17% of overall perinatal mortality . Less than 1% of total twin pregnancy is attributable to monochorionic twin pregnanacy and 10 - 17% of these twin pregnancies are complicated with twin ...
Clinical features, characteristics of antibodies, and immunohistochemical staining results are summarized in tables 1 - 3 . A 41-year - old woman (gravid 2, para 2) levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) were slightly elevated (131.57 miu / ml). Four days after the curettage, the patient visited the emergency roo...
Recurrence is the most important complication of abdominal wall reconstruction . In order to reduce recurrence rates meshes numerous meshes are available worldwide, differing in material, pore size, weight, tensile strength, elasticity and biocompatibility . Swelling or bulge in the area of previous abdominal wall reco...
The majority of ureteric injuries are iatrogenic and it has been reported that up to 73% are gynecological, with 14% and 13% resulting from general surgical and urological procedures, respectively . One of the key factors in determining management and outcome with peri - operative ureteric injury is early recognition b...
A synthetic gene encoding the full - length c. elegans p - gp (pgp-1, genebank accession code ab01232.1) was subcloned into the ppicz (invitrogen) and pvl1393 vectors (bd biosciences). The c - terminus of p - gp was fused to the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) plus a deca - histidine tag or the protein a tag...
Chromosome inversions are intra - chromosomal rearrangements formed when the chromosome breaks at two places, and in the process of repair the intervening segments are joined in an inverted or opposite manner . Abnormal phenotypes can occur due to gene disruption at the point of breakage and reunion or due to duplicati...
Alpha - mannosidosis (mim 248500) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient activity of lysosomal alpha - mannosidase . Affected patients accumulate mainly unbranched oligosaccharide chains in the lysosomes, of which the major storage product is the trisaccharide man1 - 3man1 - 4glcn...
Biotin thiamine - responsive basal ganglia disease (btrbgd) is a neurometabolic autosomal recessive (ar) disorder characterized by subacute encephalopathy with confusion, convulsions, dysarthria, and dystonia . The disease is completely reversible if treated early with biotin and thiamine, and can be fatal if left untr...
Despite promising results in islet transplantation, glycaemic control is gradually impaired due to progressive graft dysfunction [1, 2]. The initial loss of islets immediately after islet transplantation is a result of inflammatory events and an alloantigen - nonspecific inflammatory process where inflammatory cytokine...
In relation to fitness, although power, strength, muscle endurance, agility, and flexibility have been reported as very important fitness factors in taekwondo games1,2,3,4, factors that directly affect athletic performance have not yet been established5, 6 . For taekwondo players, the importance of balance at landing d...
The samples were diluted in 50 mm tris - hcl, ph 7.5, 5 mm mgcl2, 1 mm dithiothreitol, and 2 mm atp to a final concentration of 0.1 mg / ml, applied to glow - discharged carbon - coated grids, and negatively stained with 2% (w / v) uranyl acetate . Low - dose images (20 electrons) were recorded on kodak so163 film in a...
Mssbauer spectroscopy (ms, and its synchrotron derivatives) is a very powerful experimental tool in different fields of chemistry, material science, and physics, as this technique can obtain invaluable information on the local electronic structure, symmetry, and magnetic properties . Although it can be applied to more ...
First, the ability of successful pathogens to establish infections, produce disease and survive in a hostile environment is provided by a large armamentarium of virulence mechanisms . Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of vfs can improve understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of pathogenesis . Second, many...
Technological advancements in mobile phone industry have changed the way we interact with our peers . Increasing use of social media by our present generation of postgraduate students has its own pros and cons . However, if used in the right way, social media might be deployed to supplement medical education . There ar...
Telemedicine eliminates distance hurdle and provides access to medical services available at far - away locations . It allows transmission of medical data from one location to another and enables handy and faithful interactions between patients and medical staff . This exchange of medical images imposes an important pr...
Total hip arthroplasty (tha) has been recognized as one of the most effective orthopedic procedures to treat end - stage hip disorders, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and hip dislocation . Although wear of the femoral components at the articular interface still occurs and wear debris - induced bone resor...
A 30-year - old female patient presented with a history of weakness and breathlessness . Along with these complaints she also had pain in gums on both sides . Patient underwent f-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) positron emission tomography / computed tomography (ct) for initial evaluation . It demonstrated a necrotic mass ...
Cancer is a major public health problem and one of the most common causes of death worldwide, including iran . Generally, gastrointestinal tract cancers, majority of which occurs in stomach, esophagus, colon, or rectum are most common organ system involved with more than 38% of all cancers and account for nearly half o...
Infections caused by methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) have traditionally been a problem in health - care settings . According to a report from the national nosocomial infections surveillance (nnis) system, approximately 60% of all s. aureus isolated from patients in intensive care units in us hospit...
Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract are mainly comprised of a spectrum of spindle cell tumors which include gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists), leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas, and schwannomas . Among these tumors, gists are the most common . Schwannomas, also known as neurinomas, rarely occur in t...
Subjective tinnitus, an auditory phantom percept often described as ringing in the ears, affects about 10 to 15% of the adult population and significantly impairs quality of life in a subset of those affected by it . While being often perceived in the ears and linked to hearing loss in the vast majority of cases, chron...
During pregnancy, the maternal system undergoes adaptations involving cells and proteins associated with the immune - regulatory function to ensure fetal development . One of the tissues participating in immune - regulation of the maternal - fetal relationship is the placenta, a transient organ responsible for fetal pr...
Climate has been suspected of being a determining factor in the incidence of hip fractures for over 30 years, with changes in bone tissue quality compatible with osteomalacia being observed at certain times of year in cases of femoral neck - fractures . Nevertheless, empirical studies exploring this association using o...
Amyloidosis is an umbrella term encompassing disorders characterized by deposition of fibrils consisting of low - molecular subunits of misfolded normal serum proteins and typically arranged in an antiparallel -pleated sheet configuration . Primary systemic light - chain amyloidosis is the most common cause of amyloido...
Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (t2d), by more than twofold by some estimates . Abdominal fat, more specifically visceral adipose tissue, secretes factors such as adiponectin and resistin that affect glucose metabolism . As a measure of central obesity, waist - hip ratio (wh...
To describe in general terms the managed care network (mcn) rationale and approach to the organisation and delivery of services to the long term care (ltc) elderly, report on the prototypes and performance associated with three major north american models (pace in u.s . And sipa and prisma in canada), and present the m...
Task - oriented training, a rehabilitation intervention used in patients with neurological damage, is patient- and task - focused, and is not therapist - focused1 . It involves training to improve the patient s ability to achieve set goals for task completion and to develop problem - solving skills and effective compen...
The term amyloidosis refers to a group of disorders characterized by the extracellular accumulation of insoluble, fibrillar proteins in various organs and tissues.1,2 the fibrils, composed of low - molecular - weight subunits of serum proteins, may be recognized microscopically by their ability to bind to congo red, re...
Pathological mechanisms generating these complications are closely connected with the increase of systemic vascular resistance as well as with structural and functional endothelial damage . Impairment of endothelium s functions leads in turn to initiation of atherogenic lesions, which according to the most recent theor...
Infection itself is often asymptomatic but long - term can lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . Since the molecular cloning of hcv in 1989, significant research into potential treatments for chronic hcv infection has been carried out . The current standard of care is therapy with pegylate...
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and solid organ transplantation . However, during recent years, several reports have described a rising incidence of ipa in critically i...
Ribonucleotide reductases (rnrs) provide the monomeric precursors required for dna replication and repair by catalyzing the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides . The class ia rnrs are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes with the rnr from e. coli serving as a model . 2 contains the active site, including resid...
Treating infections caused by gram - negative bacteria (gnb) resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics is an increasing challenge in many hospitals . Extended - spectrum -lactamase (esbl)-producing and carbapenem - resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) in particular are now endemic in many parts of the world and repres...
The term acute scrotum refers to signs and symptoms associated with local inflammation of the scrotum that appear suddenly and usually are not associated with trauma . Acute scrotum is defined as an acute painful swelling of the scrotum or its contents accompanied by local signs and general symptoms . The most common c...
It is well - known that the environment is a major domain of well - being or quality of life . Successful community integration in spinal cord injured can be defined as being part of the mainstream of family and community life, fulfilling normal roles and responsibilities, and being an active and contributing member of...
Rgs4 expression has been identified in arteries of the kidney with a -galactosidase (gal) gene knock - in reporter system (rgs4 lacz) (2). We compared the rgs4 lacz rgs4 reporter system with a second model that incorporates multiple copies of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). The bac transgene contains the rgs4 ...
, they do not need to be removed; rather, under ideal conditions, the implant site repairs itself while the device is resorbed . In comparison, nondegradable materials often need to be surgically removed after their purpose has been achieved, thus subjecting the patient to a second surgery that potentially exposes them...
Loss of work due to illness is an important health concern worldwide (1). Hence, a successful return to work (rtw) after suffering from disease is important for a sustainable working life (2). In korea, matters regarding the rtw of occupationally injured patients have gained public attention since 2001 and policies to ...
Rocuronium bromide is a non - depolarizing aminosteroidal drug characterized by rapid onset and intermediate duration of action . Pain is a common side effect of rocuronium injection, reported to occur in 50 - 80% of patients (1 - 3). Conscious patients administered sub - paralyzing doses often suffer severe burning se...
Animals and experimental protocol: seven adult mixed - breed neutered dogs, age 12 years, three males and four females and body weight (mean sd) 18.1 9 kg, were included in a prospective randomized cross - over experiment with a 2-week washout period between treatments . Dogs were considered to be healthy on the basis ...
Terbinafine is a member of allylamine class of antifungal agents, which have been used effectively to treat dermatomycoses (1). Although it generally has been well tolerated, several cases of generalized pustular psoriasis (gpp) after oral terbinafine therapy have been reported . However, in no report has hepatic dysfu...
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (pdt) is a simple, safe, low cost, minimally invasive bedside procedure with several documented advantages over surgical tracheostomy such as less local tissue damage, lower risk of bleeding, wound infection, and mortality . Pdt is routinely performed with the aid of bronchoscope ...
From november 2011 to february 2012, we collected soybeans used for meju from 10 traditional meju factories . The information of collected soybeans is listed in table 1 . To elucidate whether fungi exist on the surface or inside of soybeans, soybean samples were either untreated or treated with sodium hypochlorite (0.5...