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The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum paraoxonase 1 (pon1) concentration and oxidative stress markers and assess its relations with the biochemical parameters in obese adolescents . One hundred and fifty obese adolescents (range 16 - 18 years) and 150 healthy age- and sex - matched controls were enr... |
The failure of a couple to conceive a pregnancy after trying to do so for at least 1 full year is defined as infertility . It is defined by world health organization as the failure to conceive following 12 months of unprotected intercourse.1,2 global estimates of infertility range between 8% and 12% of couples with wom... |
Cigarette smoking is one of the most important and pre - disposing risk factors associated with increasing the total burden of disease, especially chronic and non - communicable diseases, e.g., cancer and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases . Center for disease control, the lung cancer mortality r... |
In 1960, kouwenhoven et al . Reported that it is possible to sustain the life of a person with a cardiac arrest for as long as 30 minutes with a combination of external cardiac massage, also known as chest compressions, and mouth - to - mouth respiration . The quality of cpr is a major determinant of the survival from ... |
Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of mortality and disability by macro vascular and micro vascular complication . Diabetic foot ulcer as one of the most common complications of diabetes (1), affects more than 25% of people with diabetes in their lifetime (2), and if not treated properly, can lead to complications such... |
Presence of rv antigen on brain tissue was confirmed by the direct fluorescent antibody test (www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/professional/publications/dfa_diagnosis/dfa_protocol-b.htm) and direct rapid immunohistochemical test (3) (figure 1). Antigenic typing was performed with a panel of anti - rv nucleoprotein (n) mo... |
Patients often implicate the use of hard water on hair for its brittleness and breakage and believe that soft water prevents damage . Calcium carbonate (caco3) and magnesium sulphate (mgso4) are the salts that are found in excess in hard water . Temporary hardness is predominantly due to the bicarbonate salts dissolved... |
From 1985 through 2009, a total of 10,257 bats were submitted to the massachusetts department of public health for rabies testing: 8,850 big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus, 86.3%), 1,074 little brown bats (myotis lucifugus, 10.5%), 94 keen long - eared bats (myotis keenii, 0.9%), 48 red bats (lasiurus blossevillii, 0.5%)... |
Retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) are selectively or preferentially damaged by diseases of the optic nerve and inner retina . Visual field testing is used to determine visual function in patients with glaucoma and optic nerve disease, but it produces abnormal findings in the event of damage anywhere along the anterior visu... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a devastating autoimmune disease characterized by progressive bone destruction . Under physiological conditions, bone remodeling occurs continually, as a coordinated process that results in the formation and degradation of bone . This process is a balance between bone formation, which is me... |
Among the basic medical sciences involving in anthropology, immunology can be considered as a science which deals with the molecular markers playing role in recognition of self and non - self between ethnicities . So biomedicine is not alien to anthropology and offers an ethnographic international classification of eth... |
Musculoskeletal problems are commonly experienced by musicians.1,2 these problems may have a significant impact upon the individual, with musicians who have been injured reporting a negative impact upon social relationships,3 the loss of a form of expression,3 loss of identity,3 and an impact on financial well - being.... |
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants, belongs to m. avium complex; a heterogeneous group of slow - growing mycobacteria and are pathogenic to both animals and human beings (especially immunocompromised patients)12 . Map infection results in... |
Fear of hypoglycaemia and gain in body weight are barriers for initiation of insulin therapy . Modern insulin analogues are a convenient new approach or tool to glycaemic control, associated with low number of hypoglycaemia and favourable weight change . A1chieve, a multinational, 24-week, non - interventional study, a... |
Carcinoma of the esophagus carries a dismal prognosis, and for patients presenting with localized resectable disease, multivariate analysis has established that the presence or absence of involved lymph nodes confers the greatest prognostic significance.1 in surgical management, the extent and type of lymphadenectomy u... |
The qualities that make us human and unique as individuals provide context and value for how we communicate and interact in interpersonal and social settings . These communications develop relationships that may produce meaningful contributions and growth for individuals and society . It is generally understood that ea... |
Heart disease is the major cause of death worldwide . Many individuals with heart disease present with acute coronary syndrome (acs); this puts them at significant risk of morbidity and mortality . These improvements in outcome are promoted by an evidence - based approach shaped by comprehensive clinical guidelines . T... |
Apoptotic cells undergo a structural change in which phosphatidylserine (ps), a phospholipid normally present on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane, becomes externalized and available to bind the highly ps selective protein annexin a5 . The externalization of ps occurs early in the apoptosis process, therefore anne... |
Falls and motor vehicle collisions are common non - inflicted causes, whereas child abuse in infants and young children are unfortunate inflicted causes of traumatic brain injury . A total of 10 - 35% mortality in pediatric age group has been reported in various groups . Management focuses on limiting the progression o... |
It has been found out that 0.2% to 1% of all primary intracranial tumors are epidermoid tumor . Intracranial epidermoid tumors are histologically benign, slow - growing, congenital neoplasms of the central nervous system . Cp angle and prepontine epidermoid tumors are challenging lesions because they grow along the sub... |
Issues related to the safety of foods have gathered the attention of consumers following the advent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). There have also been improper displays of production centers on some marine products such as clams (undaria pinnatifida). Hence, there is an urgent need for establishment of con... |
The escrt (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) complexes and associated proteins function in membrane fission events, such as multivesicular body (mvb) formation and the terminal stages of cytokinesis . The escrt machinery is also required for the budding of numerous enveloped viruses to cut the membranou... |
A 48-year - old chinese male with a history of hypersomnia for 4 months and a progressive dementia for 3 months was admitted to our hospital . This patient claimed that he had been in excellent health until 4 months before admission and experienced hypersomnia (10 - 12 hours / day), but with normal working and eating p... |
Gingival fibromatosis, gingivomatosis, diffuse fibroma, idiopathic fibromatosis, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, familial elephantiasis, elephantiasis gingivae, congenital hypertrophy of gingiva, fibromatosis gingivae, gigantism of gingiva, symmetric fibroma of palate, congenital macrogingivae, hereditary gingival hy... |
The hair cycle consists of multiple phases: anagen (the growing phase), catagen (the regression phase), telogen (the resting phase), exogen (the shedding phase) and kenogen (the empty phase) [13]. The anagen phase lasts from 2 to 6 years and is the phase of active growth that determines the length of the hair . While e... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are the leading type of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract . Forty to sixty percent of the tumors are found in the stomach, 30%-40% in the small intestine, 5% in the colon and rectum, and 5% in the esophagus . Duodenal gists comprise a small subset, accounting for 1... |
Several studies have revealed high prevalence of beta thalassemia trait (btt) in some caste groups in gujarat. [34] abnormal hemoglobins d, j and l have been reported in cutchi lohana community of gujarat . Certain castes and tribes in gujarat are yet to be investigated for -thalassemia and other abnormal hemoglobins .... |
Changes in human behavior and lifestyle over the last century have resulted in a dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and in addition to diabesity and the metabolic syndrome . The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is particularly high among south asians, which comprise one - fifth of... |
Intravenous (iv) drug abuse is an increasing social and health problem . Repeated punctures under septic conditions along with needle sharing habits among iv drug abusers result in various vascular complications . In addition, patients who present with these complications frequently have viral infections, which are haz... |
Targeted protein - based therapeutics, or biologics, have revolutionized cancer treatment during the past decade . Agents in this class exert their actions selectively on pathological cells, and include many varieties of monoclonal and bispecific antibodies . Overall, biologics have exhibited high clinical success rate... |
Bacterial infection contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in newborn infants[2, 3, 4]. The term of late - onset infection refers to the age at onset of infection after third day of life . Improvement outcome and successful treatment depends on early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy, but early... |
Otherwise healthy children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 519 years were recruited from the diabetes clinics at starship children's hospital, auckland, new zealand . Adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged between 20 and 85 years were also recruited . Exclusion criteria included moderate - to - severe li... |
The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is an important endocrine organ because it contains an array of endocrine cells, which produce a range of regulatory peptides such as cholecystokinin, somatostatin, neurotensin, gastrin and serotonin . The secreted regulatory peptides control functions of the gastrointestinal tract... |
A trauma is an event that is not within the normal range of the common experience . It is perceived as overwhelming physically and/or emotionally and may involve a perceived threat to the individual or a loved one . Highly traumatic and stressful events usually produce a range of cognitive, emotional, behavioral respon... |
Hepatitis a virus (hav) is a single - strand rna virus belonging to picornaviridae with 7500 b length . Its genome consists of a single open reading frame (orf) which encodes a polyprotein, divided into three regions (p1-p3). The incubation period of this acute infection is 2 - 6 weeks (2). Hav infection is a considera... |
Hereditary nephritis or alport syndrome is a rare inherited progressive glomerular disease caused by mutations in the genes encoding the alpha-3, alpha-4, and alpha-5 chains of type iv collagen found in various basement membranes including the kidney, eye, and cochlea [1, 2]. Alport syndrome usually presents with hemat... |
The impact of ict (information and communication technology) on the healthcare sector is a double - face phenomenon . On one hand, many effective and significant advances are continuously taking place, especially in the field of medical treatments, and devices designed for their delivery . Also the management of medica... |
The adolescent varicocele is a common condition that often presents to the pediatric or general urologist . In addition, it is postulated that the adult varicocele is a persistence of the adolescent finding, rather than a new occurrence . Correction of this condition has led to increases in measurable outcomes of ferti... |
A tumor originates from the clonal expansion of a single cell that has acquired the ability of extensive self - renewal and unlimited proliferation . Surprisingly however, a tumor is never composed of completely identical cells; in fact most of the solid malignancies are characterized by heterogeneity and are undergoin... |
A 31-year - old female patient who was diagnosed with thyroid cancer underwent robotically assisted total thyroidectomy . Other than appendectomy 1 year earlier, she had no special past medical or surgical history . She had a history of allergy to shellfish and grogram . According to preoperative electrocardiogram, no ... |
Lentiviral vectors (lvs) allow curative gene therapy (gt) through genome integration, accept large payloads at high vector titre, readily transduce non - dividing cells, have a favourable safety profile compared with other integrating viral vectors and, depending on pseudotype, have wide tissue and host tropism, and th... |
Severe dysmenorrhea is a major problem for unmarried females, with endometriosis as a common suspect, frequently debilitating and psychologically taxing . Depending on the access and expertise of the gynecologist various medicines are prescribed and surgeries performed . A 22-year - old unmarried female was treated for... |
Statins are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia, and their efficacy in both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established.1 there are, however, unfavourable side effects to statin therapy, sometimes leading to statin intolerance with muscular symptoms, wh... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the fifth frequently diagnosed malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide . Several environmental factors, such as hepatitis b and c viral infections, exposure to aflatoxin b1, and alcohol abuse, are major causes of hcc, but standardized therapeutics have not ... |
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (ehe) is a rare vascular tumor with behavior intermediate between hemangioma and angiosarcoma.1 primary bone ehe accounts for less than 1% of malignant bone tumors, and spinal involvement is especially rare.2 because spinal ehe is a rare condition, described treatments vary and range fr... |
Spermatozoa leaving the testis undergo post - testicular maturation and acquire fertilizing ability and forward motility during their passage through the epididymis that provides the microenvironment for their maturation . Numerous proteins synthesized and secreted by the epididymal epithelia are thought to be consider... |
The chromosomes of any organism become increasingly condensed as they proceed through leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis, the substages of prophase i 1 . Essentially, the chromosomes develop into " patches " in a " nucleoscape " before the metaphase i stage is reached . Therefore, a method used t... |
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is an important problem solving and decision making tool utilized in the work - up of antenatal pathology identified on screening obstetric ultrasonography . Pathology in question can be better defined in many instances; additional pathology may also be identified which was not se... |
Ionic liquids (ils) have come to attract attention as alternatives to volatile organic solvents for solvent extraction because they have several excellent properties, e.g., low volatility, low flammability, and high thermal and chemical stabilities . Crown ether molecules are one of extracting agents to effectively tra... |
It accounts for more than 70% of all gynecological consultations in the peri- and post - menopausal age group . It occurs in various forms such as menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, polymenorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and menometrorrhagia . The international federation of gynaecology and obstetrics in november 2010, accepted a new... |
Age is the major risk factor for developing different types of dementia [,] thus disease prevalence increases significantly with increasing life expectancy . Today, only symptomatic treatment is available for patients with alzheimer's disease (ad), the most common type of dementia . However, promising medical treatment... |
Movement of eukaryotic cells, intracellular transport, signaling, cell division and cell shape are functions of the cytoskeleton [1, 2, 3, 4]. The cytoskeleton is made up of three types of filaments: actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules . Three groups of proteins called molecular motors utilize ener... |
During development, all cerebellar cells originate from two distinct germinative zones: the neuroepithelium surrounding the iv ventricle and theexternal granule layer (egl). Neural stem cells (nscs) are the main source of all different cell types of the central nervous system (neurons and glia), both in the developing ... |
It has been more than 51 years since the first successful human kidney transplantation at the peter ben brigham hospital in boston (merrill et al 1956). It is the outcome of the natural response of the immune system to a foreign substance, or antigen . This complex process is mainly t - lymphocyte mediated, although it... |
Hlh is broadly classified into two types based on the etiology (1) primary hlh caused by genetic mutations (2) secondary hlh as a result of other clinical conditions . There is a wide range of clinical manifestations like infections, malignant neoplasm, immunocompromised patients, rheumatic arthritis and metabolic cond... |
Diabetes is a pathologic condition strongly associated with both microvascular (involving small vessels, such as capillaries) and macrovascular (involving large vessels, such as arteries and veins) complications . Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy; whereas macrovascular compli... |
There have been reports of its migration to other adjourning sites in the body after proper and satisfactory insertion into the uterine cavity . Difficult intrauterine placement of iucd and eventful immediate post insertion period could be the only pointer to inappropriate placement at insertion . We present this uniqu... |
Occipital neuralgia is an uncommon, specific syndrome of paroxysmal severe lightening - like sharp headache in the distribution of the greater or lesser occipital nerves (gon, lon). This paroxysmal jabbing pain may be associated with aching in the greater or lon distribution between the paroxysms of the pain . Often th... |
The spleen is a rare location of metastasis from solid tumours . In a recent review of 6,137 patients with metastatic malignant tumours, only 59 (0.96%) involved the spleen . In an earlier series of lung cancer patients, just 12 of 997 consecutive cases had splenic involvement however, all 12 had other abdominal organ ... |
Traumatic arteriovenous fistula (avf) is a pathology characterized by arteriovenous shunting secondary to blunt or penetrating trauma of artery and vein running in parallel, but avf of the superficial temporal artery (sta) is rare . In this article, we report a case of histopathologically confirmed avf of sta, which wa... |
Pneumorrhachis is defined as air localized within the spinal canal: in the extradural space; in the intradural space; or in the subarachnoid space . It is a rare condition and is usually incidentally detected during radiological investigations.1 in the radiology practice, it is often associated with severe spinal traum... |
Historically, this condition was reported in a soldier under extreme stress by da vinci and also in jesus christ at the time of crucifixion . Causes can be systemic disorders, bleeding disorders, vicarious menstruation, excess exertion, and psychological stressors . The presence of underlying bleeding disorders is call... |
Low back pain (lbp) is one of the most common occupational health problems and accounts for a large number of compensation days and disability for workers . It is particularly common among nurses. [46] extensive research into the role of occupational risk factors in the development of low back pain has been carried out... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (gist) is the most common mesenchymal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract . After providing evidence that gist has a distinct identity by sharing features with the interstitial cells of cajal, encoding gain - of - function mutations were found on the c - kit and platelet - derived g... |
Thyroid dysfunction, in particular hypothyroidism, can affect the health of both mother and fetus during pregnancy [1, 2]. Hypothyroidism has a higher prevalence than hyperthyroidism (2.5 versus 0.2%) during the gestational period . Early and appropriate detection of thyroid dysfunction and timely interventions improve... |
The international method used to assess solid tumour response to treatment is currently based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (recist) which predominantly uses size criteria to evaluate tumour response . Observer variability in size measurement is illustrated by a study from erasmus et al . Who ass... |
Neuromuscular joint facilitation (njf) is a new therapeutic exercise based on kinesiology that integrates the facilitation element of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and the joint composition movement with the aim of improving the movement of the joint through passive exercise, active exercise and resistance ... |
An infant with a large subglottic papilloma that caused severe respiratory distress needed anesthesia during resection of the papilloma . We planned an approach to the airway management this infant that we thought would be successful . We used three main tactics in managing the airway inhaled sevoflurane, intravenous f... |
Minute pulmonary meningothelial - like nodules (pmns) are asymptomatic, small nodules often representing incidental microscopic findings in surgical or autopsy specimens of the lung . In recent years, minute pmns have been detected with the increased use of high - resolution computed tomography (ct) scans . The clinico... |
Full - length influenza genes for np and m of a / pr/8 were prepared and inserted into vr1012 as described previously (27). The plasmid b / np expresses the full - length np gene from b / ann arbor/1/86 (b / aa), derived from a baculovirus vector generated by rota et al . (34) and subcloned into vr1012 . H5n1 viruses u... |
Hepatitis a virus (hav) infection usually occurs through fecal - oral transmission by either direct contact with an infected person or the ingestion of food or water contaminated with hav.1 hav infection in early childhood is usually asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic.2 the relative frequency of symptomatic and as... |
Obstructive sleep apnea (osa) has been estimated to affect 14% of all children in the united states and is linked to a number of health - related issues and behavioral problems such as daytime sleepiness, enuresis, cardiovascular problems, poor growth, hyperactivity, academic difficulties, and attention issues [2, 3]. ... |
German shepherd dogs (gsd), particularly young to middle - aged females, are well - known for their predisposition to disseminated aspergillus spp . Infection, . The familial tendency is further supported in this breed with the development of disseminated fungal disease in close relatives . A genetic predisposition lea... |
Global immune suppression precedes the development of overt malignancy: mechanisms . Developing malignancies evade immune detection due to failure of t lymphocytes to recognize and respond to tumor specific antigens . Patients with advanced metastatic disease and large tumor burdens manifest a global immune suppression... |
Population and hospital - based studies [1, 2] have demonstrated that persistently elevated blood pressure (bp) levels increase the risk of cardiovascular (cv) events and subsequent cv mortality . Though the precise mechanisms of this association are still being investigated, several studies have detected a direct link... |
Sodium valproate (sv) has a simple chemical structure, and it offers anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing properties . We present the first case, to our knowledge, of a pediatric bipolar patient who developed diurnal and nocturnal enuresis during treatment with sv . A 14-year - old girl, was referred to our child psychi... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11481 - 010 - 9228 - 5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . The chemokine receptor cxcr4 and its endogenous ligand cxcl12 are expressed constitutively in the central nervous system (cns) during development and adulthood and play impo... |
The specialized sense organ for taste (gustation) consists of approximately 10,000 taste buds, which are ovoid bodies measuring 50 - 70 m . There are four morphologically distinct types of cells within each taste bud: basal cells, dark cells (type i), light cells (type ii), and intermediate cells (type iii). Basal cell... |
Numerous air pollution epidemiology studies have observed associations between ambient concentrations of particulate matter (pm) and increased rates of morbidity and mortality (1). These health studies often use air pollution measurements from central ambient monitoring sites as exposure surrogates . To better understa... |
Hemophilia a and b are congenital bleeding disorders caused by a deficiency or complete absence of coagulation factor viii (fviii) or factor ix (fix), respectively . These x - linked disorders represent the large majority of inherited deficiencies of clotting factors, occurring in approximately one per 5000 and one per... |
It is estimated that some 3.5 billion people are affected, and that 450 million are ill as a result of these infections, the majority being children.1 transmission of intestinal parasites and enteropathogenic bacteria is affected directly or indirectly through objects, i.e., food, water, nails, and fingers, indicating ... |
Worldwide bivalve production has consistently increased over the years from 7.1 million in 1995 to 15.1 million in 2012, and the consumer demand is expected to further increase in the next future (anacleto et al ., 2014; fao, 2014). In europe, italy is the third largest european producer of bivalve molluscs, after spai... |
This study was supported by tua - grant (tuagbg-67191) and by grants from gteborgs tandlkare sllskap (gts). There is no conflict of interest in the present study for any of the authors. |
The word botryo is derived from greek word botrys meaning bunch of grapes . The nomenclature is a misnomer as it is caused by true bacteria and not by fungus (myces = fungus). The disease was originally discovered by otto bollinger in 1870 and its name was coined by sebastiano rivolta in 1884 . In 1919, the bacterial o... |
The importance of cd8 + t cells in viral clearance has been established in several viral models, including the nonhuman primate model of aids, in which depletion of cd8 + t cells resulted in the inability to clear infection [2, 3]. Several other evidences demonstrated the importance of the cd8 + t cell responses for co... |
' we can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done .' Macrophages are a key cell type involved in all stages of the inflammatory response and have diverse functions that are important in the response to injury or infection and the resolution of inflammation . Significantly, unde... |
According to the 2010 global burden of disease study, lower back pain causes more morbidity than any other conditions . It globally ranks first in the yld (years lived with disability) ranking and is responsible for 83.0 million dalys (disability - adjusted life years). In the upcoming years, the number of people with ... |
Atherothrombosis is the basis of most coronary, peripheral, and cerebral arterial disease and is a critical health burden and major cause of death worldwide . Despite the undeniable importance of cardiovascular disease in morbidity and mortality in most regions of the world, control of risk factors and advances in the ... |
Osteochondromas of the cervical spine presenting anteriorly as a mass over the supraclavicular region has not been reported in the literature . Computerized tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the cervical region showed a bony mass arising from pedicle and encroaching onto lamina of c6 vertebra . Th... |
It belongs to the streptococcus mitis group, which includes commensal species such as streptococcus oralis and s. mitis, which have been recognized as important agents in infective endocarditis (ie). Strain identification at the species level is challenging because of the similarities to s. oralis and s. mitis . Here, ... |
Myositis ossificans circumscripta is a benign non neoplastic ossifying tumor presenting with bone like osteoid tissue extraskelletaly amidst the muscle planes . This condition when not associated with trauma is very trivial and considering the way it mimics certain characteristics, it may be misunderstood as a malignan... |
From july through september 2000, patients in five european countries (england, scotland, germany, the netherlands, and iceland) were infected with a strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 204b; the strain was resistant to ampicillin (a), chloramphenicol (c), gentamicin (g), kanam... |
Starch is a major storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, cassava, and potato . A large variety of microorganisms employ extracellular or intracellular enzymes to hydrolyze starch thus enabling its utilization as a source of energy . One of the most important groups of enzymes that pro... |
Erectile dysfunction (ed) has been defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual performance, and it has a significant negative impact on quality of life (qol) and the life satisfaction of both the affected individual and his partner . Medical conditions highly associated with the ... |
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