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Systolic anterior motion (sam) of the mitral valve has been well described in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (hocm) due to the enlarged ventricular septum coming into contact with one of the mitral valve leaflets, usually the anterior leaflet . Refractory intraoperative hypotension with left ventricular outflo... |
Celiac disease (cd) is a chronic immune - mediated enteropathy with 1% worldwide prevalence . Cd is triggered by ingestion of a group of proteins, commonly known as gluten, from wheat, barley, and rye, in genetically susceptible individuals [1, 2]. Cd is a polygenic disorder and certain hla alleles are the most importa... |
Adolescents constitute a large and important target population for sexual and reproductive health (rh) interventions . It is the state of complete physical, mental and social well - being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and proc... |
The sexual behaviors of adolescents and youth are considered a main health priority because of the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv / aids) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) (1, 2). Reports indicate that about 50% out of 35.3 million people are infected ... |
Friction is defined as the force that retards or resists the relative motion of two subjects in contact and its direction is tangential to the common boundary of the two surfaces in contact.1 friction can be described by co - efficient of friction (), which is proportionality constant and depends on the surface charact... |
Wyncoll and camporota's correspondence provides a valuable tool allowing clinicians the ability to assess the number needed to treat (nnt) and cost - effectiveness of various ventilator - associated pneumonia (vap) prevention strategies . Subglottic secretion drainage (ssd) technology is one vap - reduction strategy fo... |
Recently, an osteonecrosis of the jaws (bronj) has been characterized as a main side effect of bisphosphonates (bps) therapy [1, 2]. This adverse event, first described by marx and stern in 2002, has been characterized as nonhealing exposed bone in the mandible or maxilla [47] or currently defined as an area of exposed... |
Bisphosphonates (bps) are synthetic drugs analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate that can be divided into two groups, nitrogen - containing and non - nitrogen - containing bps, with different mechanisms of action on osteoclasts [1, 2]. These compounds were originally licensed for the management of skeletal complications ... |
However, differences in source species, tissues, and manufacturing processes can alter their in vivo physiomechanical properties [13], highlighting the importance of product choice in presurgical planning . While ideal ecm behavior varies for different clinical indications, it seems clear that products used for wound h... |
India is a demographically young country with the largest pediatric population in the world . For this large population, the healthcare facilities are woefully inadequate as suggested by the low (4.7% of gdp) expenditure on healthcare compared to developed countries such as united states (17.1%) and united kingdom (9.1... |
Weaning from mechanical ventilation can be defined as the process of abruptly or gradually withdrawing ventilatory support . Two large multicenter studies have demonstrated that mechanical ventilation can be discontinued abruptly in approximately 75% of mechanically ventilated patients whose underlying cause of respira... |
The health sector in india faces multiple challenges due to the disparate geographic distribution of human resources . Manpower for health services has been described as the heart of the health system in any country . The paucity of qualified health workers in rural areas is a critical challenge for india's health sect... |
The cytochromes p450 (cyps) constitute a superfamily of hemoprotein enzymes (zhu and silverman 2008). They are well recognized for their major roles in the synthesis, activation, and metabolism of many endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, such as hormones, fatty acids, drugs, and carcinogens (spriet et al . It has been... |
Plasmablastic lymphoma (pl) of the oral cavity, a form of non - hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) was first, reported by delecluse et al . It has a clear association with immunosuppression and is one of the most frequent oral malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients . In the pre- highly - active anti... |
Lymphangioma is a rare, primary, benign, bone disease that was first described by bickel and broders in 1947.1 the lesion is composed of noncommunicating, sequestered, lymphoid tissue that is surrounded by lymphatic endothelium.2 its etiology is unknown; however, it has been associated with a congenital blockage of lym... |
Chikungunya virus (chikv), an arthropod - borne virus (togaviridae family) transmitted by aedes spp . Mosquitoes, represents an important reemerging public health problem in both tropical and temperate countries . The first epidemic in a temperate area was reported in the emilia - romagna region of northeastern italy i... |
Patients - this study included patients with lcl (n = 20), icl (n = 5) and dcl (n = 10) who were treated at the institute of biomedicine, caracas, venezuela . Before starting the study, the project was approved by the ethical committee of the institute of biomedicine, which granted the corresponding certification . Pat... |
Acute myeloid leukemia (aml), which is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells in the marrow, is a highly malignant and cytogenetically heterogeneous type of cancer . Aml with a normal karyotype (nk - aml) accounts for approximately 40% to 50% of adult patients and 25% of pediatric patients with aml... |
Centrosomes are the main microtubule (mt) organizing centers in animal cells and are composed of a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (pcm). Centrosome amplification (more than two centrosomes per cell) is commonly found in cancers [3, 4] and is accompanied of genomic instabilities, including aneu... |
Glossectomy is regarded as one of the most devastating treatments for survivors of oral cavity cancer in terms of quality of life [1, 2]. The tongue is an organ with specific, accurate, and particular functions related to speech, voice, swallowing, and chewing . Its excision implies articulatory prejudice in most conso... |
Early identification of the source is a critical step in the management of any patient with sepsis as it allows the timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy . In the elderly the usual culprits are the respiratory and urinary systems, however this case highlights the importance of keeping an open mind whe... |
Reactive lesions are tumor - like hyperplasia that are produced in association with chronic local irritation or trauma . These proliferations are painless pedunculated or sessile masses in different colors, from light pink to red . Reactive proliferations are fibrous tissues with another histologic component such as mu... |
Initially used in the treatment of cancer pain 1, the implantation of morphine pumps has become an increasingly used treatment for patients with nonmalignant pain . More than 95,000 intrathecal drug delivery devices have been implanted since their inception in the 1980s 2 . The benefits of intrathecal drug therapy for ... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is an age - associated chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia . Its two main pathological lesions are amyloid- (a) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (nfts) that advance through the brain in a hierarchical manner, with the hippocampus being affected strongly, an... |
The german agency for health technology assessment (dahta) at the german institute for medical documentation and information (dimdi) commissions research projects for health technology assessment (hta) based on the legal order to built up an information system for the evaluation of medical technology . The authors were... |
Bladder cancer (bc) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and second among all uro - genital tumors after prostate cancer . With an overall incidence of 5% of all new annually diagnosed cases of cancer, bladder cancer is fourth most common tumor in men, after prostate, lung and colon cancer . In terms of pathol... |
Successful endodontic therapy depends on thorough cleaning and shaping followed by obturation of the root canal system . During obturation, root canal sealers serve to fill irregularities between the dentinal walls and the gutta - percha core, act as lubricants, fill lateral or accessory canals, and bond to gutta - per... |
Diabetic retinopathy (dr) is the most frequent and severe ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, the leading cause of blindness in the working age population . Diabetic macular edema (dme) is a common manifestation of diabetic retinopathy that can occur at any stage of the disease and produce loss of central vision ... |
Drug - eluting stents have the capacity to reduce neointimal hyperplasia by the local delivery of anti - proliferative agents . While these stents are a very effective solution to the problem of restenosis, restenosis remains a clinical problem.1)2) recently, stent fracture was suggested as a new potential mechanism of... |
A retrospective review was performed on the medical records of all patients who had undergone cataract surgery at the department of ophthalmology in seoul st . Mary's hospital after radiation therapy due to primary oaml from april 2005 through july 2010 . Diagnosis and radiotherapy of oaml were performed at the catholi... |
Nocardia species are aerobic gram - positive filamentous bacteria of the actinomycetes order, which are natural inhabitants of soil and water throughout the world . Pulmonary nocardiosis, the most common clinical presentation of infection, is usually acquired by direct inhalation of contaminated soil . Symptoms may inc... |
The high frequency of emergence and distribution of multidrug - resistant human bacterial pathogens is a worldwide problem and has been highlighted the requirement of looking for new antibacterial compounds (1, 2). New antibacterial agents which may be derived from natural sources could be useful itself or as novel lea... |
Fetal congenital heart anomalies are the most common congenital anomalies in live births, and up to 50% of infant deaths are attributed to congenital heart anomalies . The prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (chd) may improve the outcome of fetuses with specific types of cardiac lesions and reduce the birth ... |
Molybdenum cofactor (moco) deficiency is an autosomal - recessive inherited disorder leading to a combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase . Deficiency of sulfite oxidase leads to toxic sulfite accumulation in the brain, causing severe neurological impairment and refractive s... |
The application of computational protein design tools has been demonstrated to introduce functional properties beyond those obtained by natural evolution, such as producing enzymes that perform functions not found in nature, altered specificity of proteins for their binding partners, and the de novo design of fold topo... |
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (nst) has been used in locally advanced breast cancer in order to convert a previously unresectable cancer into an operable one (hortobagyi et al . More recently, it has been widely administered in primarily operable breast cancer to reduce tumor volume and allow conservative surgery (fishe... |
The second half of the 20th century observed major health changes in the world, propelled by socio - economic and technological changes that deeply altered life expectancy and ways of living, while making an unprecedented human capacity to use science to extend and increase life . The most globally pervasive change amo... |
Moyamoya disease (mmd) was initially defined as' steno - occlusive changes of the carotid fork with abnormal vascular network in the base of the brain"21). However, the steno - occlusive changes were also noted in posterior circulation, mainly the posterior cerebral artery (pca)1316). Mmd has been widely described as a... |
These growth factors penetrate into surrounding tissue and stimulate the endothelial cells of the parent blood vessels to release proteases . This enzyme responsible for digestion of basement membrane present on the same cells and allows movement of these endothelial cells from their original place and allows the cells... |
We began by examining the reactions catalyzed by tami, a predicted cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (fig . S1), on each of the intermediates that were previously isolated from fermentation broths of streptomyces sp . 307 - 9 . The n - terminal his8-tagged recombinant tami was heterologously overexpressed and purified from... |
The incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade is still alarmingly high with the prevalence of a train - of - four (tof) ratio of less than 0.9 found in the postoperative recovery unit ranging from 3.5% to up to 83% . Volunteer studies as well as clinical investigations have been able to link even seemi... |
Neurons transmit their signals to one another at specialized structures termed synapses in which a presynaptic and a postsynaptic compartment are both morphologically and functionally distinguished . Cellular accessibility and the relative simplicity of their nervous system have made invertebrate models, such as aplysi... |
Histone deacetylases (hdacs) are enzymes controlling the acetylation state of lysine protein residues, notably those contained in the n - terminal portions of the core histones, and are functionally counteracted by histone acetylases . The balance between these two enzyme groups controls cell cycle progression, cell su... |
A 12-year - old female presented with the complaints of decreased vision in the right eye of recent onset . Clinical examination showed classical chh superotemporal to fovea with subfoveal fluid which was the cause for drop in vision to 20/80 . The lesion was confirmed by fundus fluorescein angiography (ffa), ultrasoun... |
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, azacitidine was tested in a series of phase i and ii trials as a classic cytotoxic agent and was found to be effective for the treatment of myeloid malignancies . In these studies, most of them involving patients with relapsed aml, azacitidine was mainly used in combinations and was a... |
In an effort to improve the quality of life among hiv - infected people, multiple strategies including treatment of patients with antiretroviral therapy have been implemented worldwide . Antiretroviral medications for hiv / aids are among the most efficacious and the most life transforming of therapeutic innovations of... |
For men diagnosed with clinical stage i testicular cancer, invasion of tumor cells into blood and lymphatic vessels is the strongest predictor of occult metastasis [1, 2]. Patients with clinical stage i nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (nsgct) and lymphovascular invasion (lvi) face a 3year risk of relapse of approximate... |
Bleaching treatment is an effective method for restoring the color of discolored vital teeth, and has been associated with peroxide concentration and bleaching time . Another significant factor regarding the efficacy of bleaching techniques is patient cooperation, particularly with regard to home bleaching . The home b... |
Chronic cough is one of diseases that result from smoking, as about 50% of those who smoke more than a pack of cigarettes per day have chronic coughs . Furthermore when smokers stop smoking temporarily, their coughs occur more frequently because the cough reflexes increase1 . A cough reflex is the body s defense mechan... |
Immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) proteases from bacteria, such as neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mitis, clostridium ramosum, prevotella melaninogenica, and other bacterial strains are a group of protease... |
This cross - sectional study was conducted in ischemic stroke patients admitted to ghaem hospital, mashhad during 2010 . The inclusion criteria were the presence of mca territory infarction and availability of electronic and hard copies of ct scans performed within 6 hours after stroke onset . All consecutive brain ct ... |
Oxidation of biological components in our body by reactive oxygen species and free radicals have been thought to be major or minor factors in various life - style related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diseases of nervous system, diabetes, cancer and aging . To prevent these diseases, plant polyphenols such... |
More than 50 years ago, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) was designed in parallel to the development of heart - lung machines for long - term cardiopulmonary support . Historically, the two main indications consisted of pediatric respiratory distress and cardiosurgical postcardiotomy failure . Along with the ... |
Measles is a common disease in children, and is responsible for a large number of deaths among children worldwide (1, 2). Vaccination against measles can significantly reduce the rate of infection among children (3). Loss of high levels of immunity against measles among children causes outbreaks (4). In the global meet... |
Vesical calculus means urolith in bladder and accounts for nearly 5% of urinary system calculus . Calculus disease affects all parts of urinary system kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra . Usually calculus diseases are symptomatic in occurrence but in few cases they can be asymptomatic . Primary vesical calcu... |
The world health organization (who) estimated that globally in 2008 1.4 million women had syphilis in pregnancy, causing approximately 520,000 adverse pregnancy outcomes including 305,000 perinatal deaths . Untreated maternal syphilis currently equals or exceeds hiv, neonatal tetanus, or malaria as a cause of perinatal... |
Both of congenital giant rca, rca to pa fistula, and clmca - a are one of exceedingly rare vascular abnormalities . We present the case of a 34-year - old man with multiple congenital coronary anomalies above, and a successful surgical intervention was proceeded for our patient . A 34-year - old man was referred to the... |
, people have been aware of the influence of liver dysfunction on cognition (osler 2009). Today, cirrhosis is the seventh most common cause of death in the united states, with more than 25,000 deaths per year . In contrast, brazil reports an average of 12,800 deaths per year due to cirrhosis, and it is estimated that a... |
Solitary adult myofibromas are infrequent lesions with a predilection for the head and neck, . The lesion is considered to be completely benign but there is the potential for it being confused with more aggressive spindle cell tumors . Histologically, myofibroma has two characteristic microscopic components: (a) a cent... |
Carotid endarterectomy with patch closure and carotid artery stenting with embolic protection are therapeutic approaches for the prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attack (tia) in patients with moderate to severe symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.1 - 9 the efficacy of both patch closure and ... |
The rationale behind artificial insemination is increasing the gamete density at the site of fertilization . Since many centuries different pioneers contributed to the history of artificial insemination, not only in humans but even more pronounced in farm animals . The primary reason for using this technique in farm an... |
Although the onset of schizophrenia generally occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, some patients become ill in middle or late adulthood . The diagnosis of very late - onset schizophrenia - like psychosis (vloslp), which may have validity and clinical utility, has been proposed for patients who experience the ... |
Ironically, the dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to the rapid economic development and correlated to changes in lifestyle within the last 50 years . Up to 90% of the patients in the us with type 2 diabetes are either overweight or obese (2,3). It seems likely that the readily ava... |
The swedish hernia register (shr) has been in existence since 1992 . Today, practically all swedish surgical centres, sweden has had a patient insurance scheme offering compensation for healthcare - related injuries, mandated in the swedish patient injury act . Patients treated within the swedish healthcare system can ... |
Haemoproteus, plasmodium, and leucocytozoon are well - known genera of avian haematozoa . Biting midges, louse flies, black flies, and mosquitoes are the vectors that transmit these parasites [35]. Though the importance of bird haematozoans remains undervalued, declined productivity of birds and high mortality due to t... |
, cabergoline is preferentially used due to its higher efficacy, better tolerability, and favorable pharmacokinetic profile . Cabergoline usage in a dose ranging from 0.5 - 2.0 mg / week normalizes serum prolactin and achieves significant tumor shrinkage in most of the prolactinoma cases . However, drug treatment durat... |
The heart and the vascular system interact to provide adequate blood flow throughout the body . This interaction of properties of the systolic ventricle, as a pump, and the vascular system, as a load, plays a critical role in determining cardiac output . Therefore, arterial - cardiac interaction, also known as ventricu... |
Band keratopathy, first described by bowman in 1849 (1) may occur secondary to chronic ocular inflammatory conditions such as anterior uveitis and dry eye syndrome . Long - term use of eye drops containing mercury, and some inherited conditions or systemic diseases associated with hypercalcemia such as chronic renal fa... |
Nowadays, improvements in embryo micromanipulation techniques have led clinicians to the use of embryo bisection technology in the majority of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (pgd) centers and in commercial embryo transfer programs in domestic animals . Genetic analysis, including the assessment of the genetic profil... |
What is the role of the numerous copi (coatomer)-coated transport vesicles (orci et al . Two principal hypotheses have been proposed . In one view, these vesicles transport cargo across a stack of static cisternae in the cis - to - trans (anterograde) direction (orci et al . 1993), among other roles they may play (leto... |
Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats) is a less invasive approach for thoracoscopic surgery . The american thoracic society has suggested the use of vats for stage ii pulmonary empyema . A total of 133 children with various thoracic diseases underwent vats at a university teaching hospital in india, from june 200... |
Climate change is perhaps the most widely discussed issue among the recent global environmental changes and research studies are showing that it links to natural disasters that are affecting the social and economic wellbeing of populations . A study by wei et al . Among the centres for disease control & prevention heal... |
Weight - bearing exercises are often beneficial for strengthening muscles and they are being increasingly used in clinical practice . Typically, weight - bearing exercises in a standing posture are performed while the feet are in contact with a stable floor or an object that generates compressive forces at the hip, kne... |
Cotton fiber, a highly elongated and thickened single cell of the seed epidermis, is the world s most important natural textile fiber . This article will focus on allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum, the source of most commercial cotton fiber, and fiber cell wall polymers that help to define cotton fiber quality . Cotton... |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to production of different virulence factors, is one of the most important causes of many disorders such as bacteremia, burn infection and urinary tract infections (1). Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of limited nutrition requirements and naturally resistance against different antimicrobial a... |
Accessory spleens result from the failure in the fifth week of foetal life of groups of mesodermal cells in the dorsal mesogastrum . They are relatively common, with an autopsy study involving 3000 patients identifying 364 accessory spleens, of which 61 were found in the pancreatic tail . Whilst the pancreatic tail and... |
The consistent growth of the hispanic population in the united states (us) over the past two decades [1, 2] has prompted the need for disaggregated data on hispanic subgroups . As a result, a growing body of research has emerged which examines differences in the morbidity and mortality experiences of various hispanic s... |
Preservation of the remaining vital portion of curiously exposed pulpal tissue in primary teeth, where the demand is to keep a functioning tooth in site, was one of the most frequent problems in pediatric dentistry . To solve this problem, treatment of the remaining vital radicular pulp tissue surface should preserve t... |
The common etiologies presenting with central diabetes insipidus (di) associated with a thickened pituitary stalk in the pediatric population are: langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch), central nervous system tumors such as germinoma and craniopharyngioma, granulomatous lesions like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis and autoi... |
Asthma is a complex and heterogenous disease characterized by various immunopathologic and clinical phenotypes, based on different patterns of airway inflammation involving immune / inflammatory cell types, such as t and b lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes / macrophages, and dendri... |
Various edible mushrooms have been used as functional foods and as important sources of complementary medicine beneficial for the prevention of diseases . For example, agaricus blazei murill mushroom is consumed as a food and for its possible medicinal value . Its dried fruiting bodies have been used as stimulant and a... |
Aggression and violence are considered as important public health issues worldwide . Physical fighting and bullying bullying represents as a repetitive physical or psychosocial force usually exerted by a stronger person, and could lead to unbalanced power between bully and victim . Exposure to bullying predisposes indi... |
Wheezing, a non - specific sign of airflow restriction in narrowed airways, is a major clinical expression of childhood asthma . Furthermore, many different conditions have been reported to be associated with lower airway obstruction during childhood2). All these factors complicate our understanding of the pathogenesis... |
Lower eyelid replacement is a common task in oculoplastic surgery, and as a rule, the reconstruction of larger defects (more than one - third) can be accomplished with free grafts or with flaps.1 the modified hughes procedure is used to reconstruct full - thickness lower eyelid defects, whereas a tarsoconjunctival flap... |
Cytokines belong to a diverse family of small, soluble proteins that are expressed by several cell types and tissues and act as immunologic mediators . The subpopulations of these cytokine - producing cells, which classically include t helper 1 (th1) and t helper 2 (th2) cells, play fundamental roles in differentiating... |
The syndrome of multiple enchondromas and subcutaneous hemangiomas, known as maffucci syndrome, is very rare, accounting for about 200 cases during the last 140 years . The presence of visceral hemangiomas in this disease is exceedingly rare; for this reason we believe it to be of interest to report a case of hemangiom... |
Antidepressants, including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) and the tricyclic antidepressants (tca) often cause hyponatremia1 - 5). The drug is a non - tricyclic antidepressant and its primary pharmacological action is to inhibit norepinephrine - dopamine reuptake . Although bupropion does not act as t... |
Therapy - related acute myeloid leukemia (t - aml) caused by radioactive iodine (rai) occurs in less than 2% of thyroid cancer patients and is associated with a poor therapeutic response and prognosis [1 - 3]. Many cases of t - aml have occurred in> 50-year - old patients after they received a cumulative radioiodine do... |
The increase of chromosome aneuploidy in human lymphocytes with aging has been described since early 1960s [1, 2]. Numerous reports confirmed the observations of jacobs and colleagues and showed that hypodiploidy increases with age and is more common than hyperdiploidy [36]. Subsequent studies on metaphase spreads from... |
Paired associative stimulation (pas), a method of inducing heterosynaptic plasticity, has been used to investigate bidirectional synaptic plasticity including long - term potentiation- (ltp-) [13] and long - term depression- (ltd-) [46] like effects in the human motor cortex (m1). The technique of pas that is frequentl... |
Bleeding after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy is traditionally treated by laparotomy or the transvaginal approach . Laparoscopy was successfully used for the treatment of bleeding associated with vaginal or laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy . Hemostasis can be more easily obtained in laparoscopic surger... |
Oleoylethanolamide is a fatty acid ethanolamide (fae) and a natural analog of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide . Anandamide is known to engross slow - wave sleep by increasing adenosin levels in the forebrain of rodents (murillo - rodriguez et al . Oleamide is an endogenous sleep - inducing lipid with putative can... |
There are several viral and host factors determining the variability in hiv-1 infection outcome and in rates of disease progression in hiv-1 infected individuals . Cellular tropism which defines viral phenotype and receptorcoreceptors which determine viral entry into various cell types are the major factors influencing... |
Travel costs of the author to the capri hair and nail and anti - aging practical course by appointment of course president antonella tosti were supported by galderma, italy. |
Sweet potato, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam ., is an important food crop widely cultivated in the world, especially in the tropics, subtropics, and some temperate zones of the developing countries [1, 2]. This crop is also used to produce alcohol and various antioxidants such as anthocyanin and carotenoids [3, 4]. The stora... |
Sickle cell disease (scd) is an inherited disorder caused by a point mutation in codon 6 of the -globin gene . This mutant form of hemoglobin (hbs) is capable of polymerization and complex molecular and structural changes within the erythrocyte . Hemolytic anemia and vaso - occlusion crises are the main features of sic... |
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