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Peripheral neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic drugs (vinca - alkaloids, taxanes, and platin - based compounds) is a clinically significant complication that can be dose limiting and can substantially diminish the quality of life . Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent that can be used in the treatment of many ty... |
The main treatment for renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is radical nephrectomy (rn), and rn has been the gold standard treatment for rcc during the last 2 decades . However, the risk of deteriorated renal function after rn has now been well documented . The incidental detection of renal masses has dramatically increased the ... |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric inflammation of affected joints (1,2). The disease affects 1% of the population (3) and has been a significant cause of disability (4, 5). Over the last 3 decades, there have been significant improvements in patient outcomes associ... |
Postoperative haemorrhage is the most common serious complication of adenotonsillectomy and its incidence is around 3% . Intraoperative bleeding (<24 h) may be related to the surgical technique or a bleeding diathesis . Delayed postoperative haemorrhage (> 24 h) predominantly occurs on the fifth to seventh - day postop... |
Tar dna - binding protein (tdp-43) is a highly conserved ribonucleoprotein 1, 2 . The primary transcript of the mammalian tdp-43 gene can be alternatively spliced to generate 11 mrna molecules, with the major molecule containing all six exons and encoding tdp-43 protein 1 . Tdp-43 is a member of heterogeneous ribonucle... |
Cholangiocarcinoma is an invasive malignancy with poor prognosis that presents as cholestasis with or without apparent mass in imaging . This malignancy originates from interahepatic or exterahepatic biliary ducts and can present as obstructive gross dilatation of the intra or extrahepatic bile ducts . Extrahepatic cho... |
Tamoxifen is a non - steroidal antiestrogen drug, used as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer . Although generally tolerable, tamoxifen retinopathy has been described in the literature as a rare complication . The first cases of tamoxifen retinopathy were described by kaiser - kupfer in 1978 ... |
According to who classification, pbl is defined as a mono - ostotic disease with or without involvement of regional lymph nodes, or as a poly - ostotic disease affecting multiple skeletal sites without visceral- or lymph node involvement . Primary lymphoma of bone is an uncommon clinical entity and accounts for less th... |
Early diagnosis is important as genital elephantiasis is not completely reversible with medical therapy; late intervention often needs surgical reduction . Furthermore, it leads to mental anguish and physical disability as it interferes with walking and sexual intercourse and indirectly interferes with economic livelih... |
Gelclair (helsinn healthcare sa, switzerland) is a concentrated oral gel containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium hyaluronate . It forms an adherent barrier and layer covering oral mucosa lesions, thus protecting sensitive nerve endings and lubricating the tissue . Several studies have suggested that it can help to m... |
Heteroaggregation is a clustering process that occurs between different species of particles and has proven to be a facile strategy for the preparation of a wide variety of (colloidal) clusters / assemblies . The shape and structure of the formed clusters depend strongly on the size ratio and volume fractions of the pa... |
The maldi - tof ms spectra of these species are available at online (http://mediterranee-infection.com/article.php?laref=256&titre=urms-database). The 16s r rna gene sequence was deposited in genbank under the following accession numbers: collinsella phocaeensis strain marseille - p3245 (lt598576), clostridium merdae s... |
Cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) is the major drug - metabolizing enzyme in humans, affecting more than 50% of all swallowed drugs. (1) cyp3a4 catalyzes mono - oxygenation reactions such as hydroxylation and epoxidation. (2) the so - formed products are more hydrophilic and hence are more easily excreted from the body . Th... |
Choledochal cysts are very rare biliary anomalies, occurring in about 1 in 100 000 in the americas and europe . There are several proposed causes for their development including embryonic proliferation of biliary duct cells, the backflow of pancreatic juice into the biliary ducts, and obstruction of the common bile duc... |
Sjgren syndrome (ss) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, resulting in dryness of the mouth and eyes . In addition, other organs can be involved, including the joints, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and blood vessels, with concomitant diverse symptoms . Interstit... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) is one of the most important and frequent agents of morbidity, mortality as well as physical disability, particularly in elderly patients, in developing and even developed countries [1, 2]. It is estimated that almost 50% of all deaths per year in iran have been attributed to the cad event... |
The biomedical community has established the standards of good clinical practice as the cornerstone of medical research on humans . What are the standards for studying practices that overtly and intention ally fall short of good practice and are clearly discriminatory against the aged? I find four ethical problems in t... |
Iran has been the second country in the world for the prevalence of brucellosis . In our country brucella melitensis when b. melitensis is prevalent, children account for up to 25% of cases of human brucellosis . According to cdc case definition, in clinically and epidemiologically compatible cases, brucellosis can be ... |
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (fgf21) was identified and cloned as the 21st member of the fgf family . The biological function of fgf21 as a novel metabolic regulator was first reported by researchers from the lilly research laboratories . These researchers discovered that fgf21 is a secretory protein that enhances gluco... |
Out of operating room anesthesia is one of the fastest growing areas of clinical practice . At the hospital of the university of pennsylvania, we have had an almost 300% increase [figure 1] over the last 3 years, much of this attributable to gastrointestinal (gi) endoscopy [figure 2]. The shared airway, increased risk ... |
Transplanted renal artery stenosis (tras) is the most common vascular complication of transplanted kidney, which causes refractory hypertension and can result in allograft dysfunction which presents with increase of serum creatinine level . Transplanted renal artery stenosis (tras) usually becomes apparent from 3 month... |
A 26-year - old male presented to our hospital complaining of cough and hemoptysis for 7 days . A resident of columbia, mo, he had recently flown back home from vacation in california . There was no significant past medical history, and the patient was not on any medications . He smoked 1 - 2 cigarettes per day, but de... |
The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (gold) provides guidelines for current copd management and is used by practicing clinicians worldwide.1 in 2011, the gold grading system changed from the previous i iv grading to the current a d system (last updated in early 2015). This system distinguishes bet... |
Methyl iodide (mi) is a monohalothane used as an organic chemical agent / methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs . It is also used as a fumigative pesticide commonly in greenhouses and strawberry farming . The main route of exposure is via inhalation and less commonly via skin and the digest... |
A 74-year - old woman first presented to another hospital 18 months previously with generalized tonic she was not taking anti - hypertensive medication, following instead a low salt diet on the advice of her family doctor . Serum sodium on presentation was 117 mmol / l, and her seizures were attributed to hyponatraemia... |
In the previous issue of critical care, wacharasint and colleagues' investigation into obesity in septic shock adds to the contradictory studies on the effects of obesity in critical illness . Since 1980, global obesity has nearly doubled, with over 1.4 billion adults overweight or obese, defined by a body mass index (... |
Taiwan had a population of 23.5 million and a nominal gross domestic product (gdp) of $489.2 billion in 2013, when it was rated the world's 20th largest economy and the 5th largest economy in asia . The 2003 sars outbreak in east asia, including taiwan, and the subsequent public health threat from avian influenza, mers... |
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and has the highest incidence of cancer in women . In 2012 the number of patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer was about 1.7 million worldwide . According to the american cancer society, about 246,660 women and 2,600 men will be diagnosed with invasi... |
Cancer chemotherapy agents are broadly categorized into targeted and cytotoxic drugs . Targeted drugs work by perturbing cancer - specific pathways, for example, by inhibiting a kinase oncogene . Cytotoxic drugs, which predate them, were in most cases discovered by empirical screening for cancer cell killing activity o... |
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (mec) is a common malignant salivary gland neoplasm originating in both major and minor salivary glands . It occurs mainly in the parotid gland (89.6%), followed by submandibular gland (8.4%) intraorally it shows a strong predilection for palate . As the name implies, mec is composed of a mixtu... |
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram - negative bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa [1, 2]. Although most individuals with a chronic gastric infection of h. pylori are asymptomatic, this bacterium causes peptic ulcer or gastric cancer in a subpopulation of susceptible hosts [1, 2]. The development o... |
A variety of glycoconjugate carbohydrate structures on the cell surface are important for biological events . Carbohydrate structures on the cell surface change according to cell status, for example, during development, differentiation, and malignant alteration . Several glycoconjugates, including stage - specific embr... |
The 89 week old male osborne - mendel (om) and s5b / pl (s5b) rats used in these studies were bred in pennington biomedical research center breeding colonies . Rats were individually housed in an aaalac approved animal facility on a 12/12h light / dark cycle (lights on at 0700) with food and water available . Animals w... |
The caribbean has been identified as the most rapidly ageing region of the developing world . Between 1960 and 1995, there was a 76.8% increase in the elderly population . Among its regional island states, the average growth rate in the elderly population was approximately 5.3% for the period between 1995 and 2000 . Ja... |
Pneumatic retinopexy (pr) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd). First introduced in the mid-1980s by dominguez in spain, and hilton and grizzard in the united states, this technique has been used in a variety of cases all over the world.13 there ... |
The occurrence and development of esophageal cancer is a complex process involving a series of physiological changes including abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of cells . Clinical manifestations of esophageal cancer include anorexia, weight loss, perforation, etc . Under normal physiological c... |
Approximately 35 per cent of hospital admissions in england are classified as emergency admissions, costing approximately 11 billion a year . Emergency admission rates in england have been rising relentlessly for many years but now there is an acute need to reduce emergency admission rates because of the combined press... |
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is an uncommon condition, characterized by the presence of multiple gas - filled cysts within the submucosa or subserosa of the gastrointestinal tract, it was first described by du vernoy in autopsy specimens in 1730 . It is not a disease by itself, it is a radiological or explo... |
Although the danish health care system is tax - funded and provides free health care for all residents, there are variations in services offered across regions and hospitals in denmark.1 therefore, the danish regions decided in 2013 to establish a national quality database for unplanned health care contacts in hospital... |
Adenosine deaminase (ada), an enzyme essential for the differentiation of lymphoid cells, has been used for monitoring several diseases in which immunity has been altered (1). As an indicator of cellular immunity, the serum activity of this enzyme has been suggested to be altered in diseases that cause a cell - mediate... |
Tobacco smoking is the second leading risk factor for disease globally,1 killing approximately six million people each year.2 the world health organization european region has one of the highest proportions of deaths caused by tobacco in the world.3 in the united kingdom (uk), statistics from 2013 estimated that smokin... |
Discuss the likely population impact of the observed associations, including observed differences in children compared to adults . Subject data were obtained from the chms, cycle i (2007 to 2009). The methodology for the survey has been described in detail elsewhere.10 in brief, the chms is a general survey in canada, ... |
The total mass attenuation coefficients and atomic, molecular, and electronic effective cross sections are basic quantities required in determining the penetration of x - ray and gamma photons in matter . The knowledge of mass attenuation coefficients of x - rays and gamma photons in biological and other important mate... |
Preeclampsia (pe) is a multisystemic disorder that accounts for a large number of maternal deaths in developed and developing countries worldwide [13]. Although its etiology remains unclear, several events in pe physiopathology are well studied and can be evaluated using biochemical or biophysical methods . In order to... |
Positron emission tomography (pet) with f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) is a clinically convincing tool in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of non - small cell lung cancer . 18f - fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography (ct) is of high sensitivity (93%95%) and acceptable specificity (77... |
A 53-year - old female was blue lighted into our emergency department resuscitation room by ambulance crew as she appeared extremely cyanotic from face to feet . She looked as if she had fallen onto blue ink and had some residual staining . However, closer examination revealed that this discolouration was present throu... |
Nowadays, the thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and combustion are the most attractive and practical as far as the energy recovery from the biomass is concerned, being the combustion responsible for about a 97% of the production of bioenergy in the world . In spain, the thermal processes are the ... |
Articles were identified with use of an electronic search of keyword terms and their respective combinations (table 1). Studies were included if they matched the following criteria: (1) english language; (2) a minimum of 10 patients in the series at baseline who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty for cuff tear art... |
Animals institutional animal care and utilization committees of the university of texas m. d. anderson cancer center and at the johns hopkins university approved all animal experiments . Balb / c and c57bl6/j mice were purchased from jackson laboratory, and h-2k - tsa58 mice were purchased from charles river breeding l... |
Tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) continues to pose significant global health challenges that require immediate treatment regimens directed at new targets . Tb is remediable; however, due to its long course of medication or mismanagement in drug regimen, it has led to the emergence of multidr... |
Complete surgical resection is considered the only curative modality for extrahepatic bile duct cancer (ehbdc). The prognosis after curative resection without adjuvant treatment is poor, with a reported 5-year survival rate of 12%-54%, despite aggressive surgical procedures such as major hepatectomy, pancreatoduodenect... |
Tumor necrosis factor- (tnf-) related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) is a member of the tnf family of proteins and is a type ii membrane protein . It is expressed by various cell types, mostly of the innate and adaptive immune systems, either as type ii transmembrane or as soluble protein, which is detectable in the... |
It is the final step of the performed research, which enables a researcher to describe, discuss, disclose and share the results and outcome of the research with the scientific community . It is not the final step per se, but a preliminary exploration of a topic which is worthy of further studies, and anyway needs to be... |
After the discovery of the liver - brain - adipose - neural axis, we sought to learn more about the related physiological functions of this pathway . 2 shows our finding that this neural axis plays an important role in fat mobilization during fasting . Adipose neurocircuitry to facilitate fat utilization cited from; iz... |
It is well known that the success rate for traditional trabeculectomy is much lower in patients with intractable glaucoma resulting from iris neovascularization or uveitis, or in patients with profuse subconjunctival fibrosis due to any previous ocular procedure including filtering surgery (1). In these patients, aqueo... |
Calf pain is a common problem in the clinical field and is caused by many various conditions . Soft - tissue etiologies include rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle, muscle strain, and myofascial pain syndrome (mps) of calf muscles, which are all relatively easy to establish the diagnosis and usually resolve with approp... |
The gold standard treatment for cholelithiasis is currently laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lc). During the learning curve phase, lc bile duct injuries appear to be more numerous and severe than those caused by open cholecystectomy . Complication produced by the sectioning of a nonvisualized duct of luschka are uncommon ... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the most important common cause of death in the worldwide . A larger part of the global burden of cvd is belong to low and middle income countries due to epidemiologic transition, from communicable to non - communicable diseases (1, 2). On the other hand, a downward trend of cvd mortalit... |
The critically ill patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) primarily from three sources . They are (i) direct admissions from the emergency or casualty department, (ii) wards or operating rooms within the hospital, and (iii) icus of other hospitals . The clinical spectrum of disease from the different so... |
It has been estimated that this occurs less than once in 60,000 to 100,000 people with cancer and about 20 such cases have been reported annually (1, 2). Spontaneous regression of a malignant tumor has often noted in hypernephroma, neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, choriocarcinoma, bladder cancer, but this is extremel... |
Keeping the high prevalence of childhood overweight in mind, it is imperative to look for all possible causes for this serious public health issue . It is well established that some intrauterine factors may influence later body size independent of birth weight [25]. Many maternal factors during pregnancy are potentiall... |
This study provides class iv evidence that for adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures, responsive direct cortical stimulation reduces seizures and improves quality of life over a mean follow - up of 5.4 years . The rns system (neuropace, mountain view, ca) provides responsive (closed - loop) stimulatio... |
Estimates of future total health care costs for diabetes must take into account two dynamic processes . New people are diagnosed and added to the population; contemporaneously, other individuals with existing diabetes die and leave this subpopulation . With the balance of these two processes, the prevalence of diabetes... |
Until approximately 3 years of age, the brain develops rapidly . During that period, brain development is extraordinarily complex, requiring many coordinated processes and events to take place . These sensitive periods of elevated activity and processes can create windows of vulnerability for the developing brain . If ... |
Calcitonin gene - related peptide (cgrp) is located in the trigeminal nuclei and it is released during headache in the circulation [1, 2]. A number of studies had considered cgrp to be central in the pathogenesis of migraine as well as tension type headache (tth) [36]. Its role in migraine is suggested by five kind of ... |
The cyst was first described by schultz in 1927, which he considered intra - osseous dermoid cyst . But latter it was considered as odontogenic keratocyst (okc). In 1981, wright specified its clinicopathological aspects assuring that ooc is an individual entity distinct from okc due to its limited growth potential and ... |
Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and justification of new, effective approaches to restriction of tumor growth are critical challenges of modern medicine . Vulnerability to tumor development is determined by multiple factors, including genetic predisposition [13], which, in turn, is det... |
Despite advances in surgical techniques and therapeutic interventions during the past few decades, colorectal cancer (crc) remains a major health problem worldwide . The american cancer society estimated that some 141,210 people would be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the us in 2011 and that one - third of them wo... |
It is very rarely found in the central nervous system (cns) constituting 1% of all cns tumors . The present case is a rare case of primary osseous hpc arising from cervical lamina and spreading intraspinally with an extradural component as well as an intermuscular extension . A 28-years - old male presented with a hist... |
We conducted a single - center prospective study in a university - affiliated hospital (htel dieu, paris, france) referral clinic for diabetic foot conditions . We recruited consecutive diabetic inpatients and outpatients with a chronic foot ulcer (present for> 3 months) in whom osteomyelitis was suspected on the basis... |
A 55-year - old lady presented with complaints of decreased vision in the left eye with pain and redness since 3 months . The patient had a history of cataract surgery in the same eye, done 1 year back elsewhere . Her best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 and in the left eye was 20/400 . Anterior segm... |
Pelvic osteosarcomas are uncommon and account for approximately 5 - 10% of these cases including those that arise secondary to paget's disease or radiotherapy.12 in the era of multimodality management, survival for osteosarcoma has improved remarkably . Though there is considerable literature regarding appendicular les... |
Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer in women (23% of all cancers) and the second - most frequent cancer when both sexes are considered . Incidence rates are high in the most of the developed world (except for japan, where it comes third after colorectal and stomach cancer), the highest age - standardized i... |
Mucin - secreting goblet cells are widely distributed throughout mammalian mucosal surfaces, such as the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts, where they play a key role in hydrating, lubricating, and clearing pathogens from the underlying epithelium . The importance of goblet cells as major producers o... |
Various minimally invasive modalities are described for this, like shockwave lithotripsy (swl), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (rirs). The preferred approach for stones> 1 cm is swl, whereas for stones <2 cm, it is pcnl, but the management of stones of 1 - 2 cm is still controver... |
A 24-year - old male patient complaining of heavily pigmented gums visited department of periodontics, j.k.k . Intraoral examination revealed deeply pigmented gingiva with dopi score of 3, and it was healthy and free of any inflammation . Considering the patients esthetic concern different treatment options were explai... |
Vascular anomalies constitute some of the most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic enigmas that can be encountered in the practice of medicine . The clinical presentations are extremely protean and can range from an asymptomatic birthmark to life - threatening hemorrhage . Venous malformations (vms) occur in ectatic v... |
Research shows that career choices are made as a result of preconceived ideas and positive exposure to a specialty . This includes exposure to good role models, positive time spent within the specialty and crucially the timing of that experience . Whilst the debate amongst plastic surgeons continues about what should b... |
Primary stabbing headache (psh) is a disorder first described by lasche in 1964 as ophthalmodynia periodica . This was followed, in 1979, by the term jabs and jolts syndrome which, coined by sjaastad et al . Was inspired by the patients own descriptions of their complaint: they reported either short - lasting head pain... |
A cross - sectional study was conducted involving individuals with type 2 diabetes who had serum creatinine and spot urine analyses during at least two visits over 3 months and who had 1,5-ag levels available at the department of endocrinology and metabolism of kangbuk samsung hospital in korea between 2008 and 2010 . ... |
High power consumption affects circuit reliability and can cause runtime errors or shorten circuit lifetime . Many power estimation methods have been developed; they can mainly be divided into two main categories . First, there are simulation - based methods which rely on simulating the circuit with an appropriate set ... |
Prefabricated sscs were introduced by humphrey in 1950 as the definitive restoration of primary molars [14] and are now commonly used . The design of these crowns has changed over time; the changes have led to better adaptation, improved morphological properties and greater similarity to tooth anatomy . These crowns ar... |
Although extensive epidemiological evidence associates airborne particulate matter (pm) with increases in human mortality, the mechanisms of pm - related health effects are still incompletely understood . One mechanistic hypothesis for pm injury is the ability of certain pm properties to induce oxidative stress, which ... |
Although the prognosis of cervical cancer has been improved remarkably in recent years, the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cervical cancer are still largely unknown . To detect cervical cancer in the early stage and reduce its mortality, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of... |
Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor, and it is defined in the most current (2005) who classification of odontogenic tumors as a slow - growing locally invasive epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaws with a high rate of recurrence if not removed adequately, but with virtually no tendency to metastasize ... |
This disease affects males and females almost equally (4.85% for males and 4.69% for females). Another 334 million (4.85%) have asthma, with females a little more affected than males (5.09% females versus 4.61% males). The impact of these diseases has been assessed by the world health organization in a series of public... |
Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (iscls) is rarely seen, and presents with recurrent episodes of hypotension, shock, hemoconcentration, and hypoproteinemia . The main pathology is the dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, and it is characterized by an increase of capillary permeability that is accompanied... |
Chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is one of the most common diseases in the otolaryngologic field . Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (fess) represents the preferred surgical treatment for crs.1 fess was initially driven by messerklinger's work in the late 1970s.2 it was then popularized and standardized in the beginning ... |
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) is the most common type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (dtc) and its age - adjusted incidence has doubled in the last 25 years . Despite its relatively good prognosis with a 10-year cancer - specific survival above 90%, locoregional recurrences and distant metastasis do occur not ... |
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl) is an uncommon tumour representing 1 - 2% of all primary brain tumours and the incidence seems to be increasing . Lymphoma arising from the meninges without involvement of the brain and other systemic involvement is rarer still . This is the report of a patient with radio... |
According to oslo's definition in 2013, celiac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune - mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals . A definite diagnosis of celiac disease is based on histological changes, including intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt h... |
The hiv epidemic in china has been concentrated primarily in the high - risk cohorts of former plasma donors (fpds), injection drug users (idus), female sex workers (fsws), and men who have sex with men (msm). The fpds were estimated to have been infected predominantly in the early- to mid-1990s and thus developed aids... |
In recent years, the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity has been a major topic in many international symposia and summits . Consequently, several countries committed themselves towards the achievement of the millennium development goal 5, which aimed at reducing maternal mortality by three - quarters by 2015... |
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