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The ability of a successfully osseointegrated implant placed in function to resist bone loss depends on the biomechanical environment . Thus, the chief functional design goal of an implant is to dissipate and distribute biomechanical loads . The biomechanical load management is dependent on the nature of the applied fo... |
The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity worldwide is increasing dramatically and is a growing public health concern . The rise in childhood overweight and obesity is a likely consequence of the modern obesogenic and predominantly automated environment characterized by growing sedentary activities and less ph... |
The world health organization (who), predicts that india will have the fastest rate of rise in deaths attributable to tobacco in the first two decades of the 21 century . Many of these deaths will occur in the productive years of adult life as a consequence of an addiction acquired in youth . Although adolescence is a ... |
Physical fitness is involved in complex functional activities, including muscle strength, muscular endurance, and thigh strength related with anaerobic power1 . Physical fitness is essential for football athletes, for whom thigh strength is a highly critical factor of athletic performance2 . In particular, injuries fre... |
Giant cell tumor (gct) of the bones of the hand has some special features as compared to gct at other sites . Averill et al . Reported an incidence of less than 1.5% in the metacarpal bones,2 while huvos reported 3.7%, and mirra et al . The local recurrence rate following curettage and bone grafting has been reported t... |
Giant sacroccocygeal teratomas (gscts) are rare tumors derived from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, and are associated with high infant mortality . Antenatal interventions include fetoscopic laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation and interstitial laser ablation of blood flow to the tumor . Similar survival rates ... |
If the posterior capsule ruptures during cataract surgery, the lens nucleus may drop into the vitreous cavity . To retrieve a dropped lens nucleus, pars planar vitrectomy (ppv) is usually performed.1,2 for treatment in the vitreous cavity, a vitreous cutter is often used, along with a fragmatome if the nucleus is hard ... |
Congenital chloride diarrhea (ccd) is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to an intestinal absorption defect of chloride in exchange for carbonic acid (hco3). Ccd belongs to the more common causes of severe congenital diarrhea, with prevalence in finland of 1:20,000 . It is caused by a defect of the slc26a3 gene, wh... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm), also known as simply diabetes, is a chronic and heterogeneous metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide . The previous study showed that the increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is associated with the rising obesity rates, and the obesity is a key f... |
Establishing whether an infant was stillborn, or was born alive and subsequently died, is a difficult but important aspect of forensic medicine . Traditional methods for assessing lung aeration include the lung flotation technique, an invasive test requiring evisceration of the lungs and observing whether they float or... |
The role of the renin - angiotensin system (ras) in blood pressure regulation and sodium and fluid homeostasis is well recognized [1, 2]. The biologically active peptides that are formed from angiotensinogen (agt) include angiotensin ii (ang ii) and ang 1 - 7 . The balance between the vasoconstricting actions of ang ii... |
Angio - seal is a collagen - based vascular hemostasis device that utilizes an absorbable intravascular polymer anchor and an extravascular collagen sponge that are connected by an absorbable positioning suture . The closer s is a suture - mediated vascular hemostasis device that consists of one nonabsorbable polypropy... |
A 42-year - old previously healthy man presented with a 4-day history of nonfluent aphasia . Brain computed tomography showed multiple low - density cerebral lesions . Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) multiple lesions in the right parietal and left frontal white matter gave very high signals on t2-weighted images and l... |
(those over age 85) is projected to more than double from 1.9% in 2012 to 4.5% by 2050 . Based on these forecasts, the number of osteoporosis - related fractures is also expected to increase . Fragility fractures, however, are not isolated events, but symptoms of an underlying disease process that predisposes patients ... |
Childhood is the most beautiful age span of the life . Under normal circumstances, childhood is the trouble free period of life and a normal child has no worries except playing . A child's physical performance is dependent on age, sex, socioeconomic class and the level of sports activities in kindergarten and elementar... |
Loss of the main circulating estrogen, 17-estradiol (e2), due to either natural or surgical menopause has effects that go beyond reproductive health . E2-deficiency and impairment of its cellular action lead to an abrupt reduction in metabolic rate, shift to increased central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and progression of... |
The first collection of protein family fingerprints was released in october 1991 as the features database, part of the serpent information storage and analysis resource for protein sequences established at the university of leeds (1). At that time, the database contained 29 entries; two - thirds of these were linked to... |
Maharashtra is one of the largest states in india which has been in the forefront of healthcare and boasts of health - care indices above the national average . However, there is inadequate literature on acute pain management in hospitals in the state government or private . Less than 30% of patients in india receive a... |
Although hepatic metastases from breast cancer is not an uncommon presentation with reported incidence at 4050% hepatic failure as a presentation of metastatic breast cancer is very rare . Has described an incidence at 0.44% for hepatic metastases for malignancies with very few cases reported in the literature . Hepati... |
Xenoestrogens are natural or industrial compounds found in the diet and environment that are capable of mimicking part of the effects of endogenous estrogens or interfering with estrogen signaling pathways . Xenoestrogens are considered endocrine disruptors, also called endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). The notion... |
The standard protocol for gene function prediction involves homology - based annotation transfer (e.g. Using the top blast hit); this approach is now known to be fraught with systematic errors (13). Biological processes such as gene duplication, mutation at critical residues, speciation and domain shuffling contribute ... |
Worldwide it represents the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer mortality among the general population [1, 2]. Several treatment modalities exist based on tumor location and size . Among others, liver transplantation was confirmed as a valuable treatment for hcc during the 1990s as it was observed th... |
The result of this trend is the rising proportions of older persons in the total population that increased from 9.2 percent in 1990 to 11.7 percent in 2013 and will continue to grow as a proportion of the world population, reaching 21.1 percent by 2050 . It has been estimated that older persons exceed the number of chi... |
Complex visual hallucinations (vhs) consist of recurrent and well - formed vivid images which can be accompanied by intense emotions or delusions . Visual hallucinations are caused by neuronal functional perturbation not only in the association visual cortex but also in the limbic regions, which are central to the gene... |
The prevalence of intellectual disability (i d) is increasing globally, especially in less developed countries.1 most of the maladaptive behaviors of i d appear before the person reaches 18 years of age.2 the comorbidities of i d are associated with many kinds of diseases35 and a varying number of people with i d prese... |
A 42-year - old man who had undergone bilateral prk two months prior was admitted to our ophthalmology clinic complaining of visual distortion in his left eye . The preoperative best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was 20 / 20, and the retinal examination was normal except for peripheral lattice degeneration in both e... |
Although the short - term mortality after acute myocardial infarction has decreased over the last decades, long - term morbidity remains high due to congestive heart failure caused by post - infarction remodelling [13]. To reduce the burden of chronic illness, new adjuvant several experimental studies have suggested th... |
Osteoid osteoma (oo) is a benign bone tumor mostly occurring in adolescents or young adults . Compared to surgery, it is less invasive and morbid and requires shorter hospital stay with earlier weight bearing . Clinical outcome depends on the complete thermal necrosis of the nidus, which in turn largely depends on the ... |
Genetic variation contributes to both disease susceptibility and treatment response . Genome - wide association studies (gwas) have enabled rapid discovery of genetic variants contributing to the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases (manolio 2010), as well as detection of many pharmacogenetic markers (link et al . ... |
Low back pain (lbp) affects most adults at some point in their lives . Approximately 85%90% of cases are classified as nonspecific lbp.1 in the last decade, lbp was continuously found to be the top leading cause of years lived with disability globally.2 similarly, in japan, lbp is one of the most common causes of healt... |
A number of primary and review articles provide strong evidence of the protective effect of breastfeeding against overweight / obesity [19]. Despite this strong evidence, other studies have reported an inverse relationship or no relationship at all between breastfeeding and overweight / obesity . A 2003 narrative revie... |
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of internal defense factors such as saliva, tooth surface morphology, nutritional and hormonal status, and external factors such as microbial flora, oral hygiene, diet, and fluoride availability . Early childhood caries (ecc) is a virulent form of dent... |
Hodgkin lymphoma (hl) is unique among malignancies in that the cancerous cell is rare (as few as one in 100 cells) and instigates the creation of a tumor mass by attracting a stroma of reactive non - clonal lymphocytes, eosinophils and fibroblasts . The pathologic hallmark and malignant cell of classical hl is the mult... |
Prostatitis, resulting from both nonbacterial and bacterial causes, affects approximately 214% of men [1, 2]. Nonbacterial prostatitis, which accounts for 9095% of all cases of prostatitis, presents with a diversity of inflammatory symptoms including genitourinary and pelvic pain, urinary obstruction, and ejaculatory d... |
The patient was referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, west china college of stomatology, sichuan university with a one - year history of a slowly growing, painful mass in the right maxillary region . Physical examination revealed a tender, soft, palpable mass measuring 331.5 cm with clear border... |
Testicular seminoma is the most common germ cell cancer diagnosed in men . In australia, the agestandardised incidence rate of seminoma was 3.79 cases/100,000 men, with the peak incidence in men age 3034.1 the primary treatment for testicular seminoma involves radical transinguinal orchidectomy with ligation of the spe... |
Stress fractures are overuse injuries most commonly seen in athletes, military recruits, and individuals with endocrine abnormalities . It has been demonstrated that chronic cases of anterior tibial stress fractures refractory to conservative management respond well to intramedullary nailing . To our knowledge, only on... |
Blood glucose levels of five 8-week - old male ob / ob c57/bl6 and wild - type c57/bl6 animals (jackson laboratory) were determined after 4 h of fasting . A glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed in five 8-week - old male caspase-1 c57/bl6 mice (average body wt: 23.6 g) and five age- and weigh... |
Alectinib is an oral drug developed for the treatment of patients with fusion gene encoding echinoderm microtubule - associated protein - like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (eml4-alk)-rearranged non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc). Here, we present the case of a patient treated with alectinib who developed a hypersensi... |
Hip fractures are an increasing problem in the united kingdom . They encompass all fractures that occur between the edge of the femoral head and 5 centimetres below the lesser trochanter . The average annual incidence of hip fractures is on the increase and currently lies at between 70,000 and 75,000 in the uk . These ... |
During the last decade, asthma has been revealed as a heterogeneous disease manifesting in many distinct phenotypes . Patients with early - onset asthma are typically atopic with family history of atopy or asthma, th2-predominant inflammation, good responsiveness to glucocorticoids, and good prognosis [1, 2]. In contra... |
Phenothiazine was introduced in 1953 and was widely used in psychiatry in the 1960s for the chronic treatment of schizophrenia . By the 1970s, there was a 30% reduction in the hospitalization of schizophrenics, which was attributed to the introduction of phenothiazines, especially chlorpromazine . However, despite its ... |
Recently, substantial improvement in dental materials enables wide use of a variety of new systems in clinical dentistry . There has been a growing interest in all - ceramic materials due to their favorable esthetics and outstanding biocompatibility . All - ceramic restorations have been routinely used in restorative d... |
Increased nutrient inputs to coastal ecosystems, derived from the rapid rise in fertilizer use in agriculture, production of manure from farm animals, domestic sewage, and atmospheric deposition associated with fossil fuel combustion, have led to the global spread of coastal eutrophication since the late 1970s . Realiz... |
However, these figures are questionable, as population studies indicate that substantially more patients have asthma, but also those persons without asthma are incorrectly treated with antiasthma medication . A gold standard diagnostic test for asthma is lacking, although in a specialist setting most asthma cases will ... |
Breast cancer is the principal cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide (1 - 2). The patterns of mortality rates generally follow the incidence patterns of the disease (3). The trend in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates has remained stable or declined in some developed countries (1,4,5), largely as a result ... |
Complex regional pain syndrome (crps) is a condition characterized by severe pain in the affected extremities, autonomic vasomotor dysfunction, dystrophic changes in the skin and bone, impaired mobility, and psychological changes . Various traumatic or non - traumatic events, diseases, and medications may cause crps, b... |
A serious or chronic illness often turns life upside down . To give support to insured patients, tk, one of the major statutory health insurances in germany, established in 1990 a special service, the tk ccm . Tk - insured persons who are affected by a chronic illness or disability can obtain this service by specially ... |
Subjective experience means subtle, not yet psychotic abnormalities of experience that might be present during remitted phase and also in prodromal phase of schizophrenia and might be accurately efficient in identifying individuals at risk of eminent psychosis . Abnormal subjective experiences, other than delusions and... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a major public health problem referred to as one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, yet is a condition the public is largely unaware of and that health care providers do not seem to fully understand.1 pcos is characterized by a spectrum of symptoms, ... |
Since carbon material is strongly hydrophobic to water (mller et al . 1996; martin and kohli 2003), carbon nanotubes (cnts) have attracted great interest for use in biological applications (zhao et al . Among those cnts, carbon nanocoils (cncs) are the most notable because of their 3d helical structure (chen et al . 20... |
Copd is a major global health problem, currently being the fifth leading cause of morbidity . It is expected to be the third leading cause of mortality in 2020.1 treatment of copd is supportive, aimed at relieving symptoms, decreasing the number of exacerbations, and improving the quality of life.2 pharmacotherapy cons... |
The calcifying odontogenic cyst (coc), also referred to as calcifying ghost cell odontogenic cyst (cgcoc) is a heterogeneous lesion existing either as cystic or solid variant . Due to the fact that all cgcoc lesions are not cystic, and the biological behavior is often not consistent with a cyst, there has always been a... |
Hip arthroscopy has been reported to be a useful and promising treatment of intra / extra - articular pathologies of the hip (1 - 8). However, the majority of these studies were performed in the west (1 - 6), where hip arthroscopy has been increasingly used during the last decade (9, 10). Although hip arthroscopy has b... |
Chylothorax can occur spontaneously, in association with malignancy, and most commonly following surgery and trauma . Chylothorax has been reported in cases of blunt and penetrating trauma and as a complication after almost every known thoracic procedure . Chylothorax can be a life - threatening condition because it ca... |
Samples of fresh tissue and cells are fixed for at least 2 hours in 2% paraformaldehyde, and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 m phosphate buffer at a ph of 7.4 . The sample size should not exceed 0.150 mm in thickness to allow adequate penetration or fixative, and should not be left in the fix for longer than 12 hours . Plac... |
Are located in the ovaries and sacral lesions, 7% are seen in head and neck region, only approximate 1.6% of these tumours are found in oral region . Only a few number of cases have been reported in the literature so far (1). Examination revealed a firm, rubbery, non - tender 3x2x2 cm sessile swelling with no induratio... |
Twenty - seven fractured all - ceramic single - tooth restorations were collected and analyzed . We announced our plans in several lectures and seminars and encouraged participants to send the fractured restorations to us . The remaining fragments were carefully removed by the dentist, intact or by splitting with a bur... |
Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) treatment is indispensable as cardiac treatment, and the implantation number of cieds has significantly increased over the past several years,, . Increase in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (icd) implantation is responsible for the increasing number of cied imp... |
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (aclrs) fail at a small but not at an insignificant rate . Despite advances, failure rate after aclr ranges from 0.7% to 10%.1 graft location, and therefore tibial and femoral tunnel placement, is considered critical for the success of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstr... |
A 25-year - old male patient without significant personal or family medical history was admitted to the dermatology department suffering from primary syphilis . He was a heterosexual man and the infective sexual contact was approximately five weeks before hospitalization . He started the specific treatment with benzath... |
Acute renal artery occlusion is a rare clinical condition that occurs as a result of renal artery embolism or less commonly in - situ renal artery thrombosis from various etiologies . Unless the underlying lesions are treated expeditiously, renal ischemia will invariably lead to infarction. [24] in addition to the anti... |
The prevalence of sarcoidosis in the united states is reported to be 140 per 100,000 with a three - fold higher risk in african americans when compared to caucasians [2, 3]. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence of more severe disease in african americans, with higher incidence of skin, eye, liver and bone marrow i... |
Pneumocystis jiroveci is an important causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised hosts (1). During childhood, exposure to pneumocystis occurs and antibody was built in early childhood; so by 23 years of age, 7090% of the healthy children have serum antibodies (2, 3). The seroprevalence of anti... |
Moreover, its diagnosis is delayed partly due to prior surgical history coupled with low index of suspicion; hence, the rate of perforation for stump appendicitis approaches 70% . For our knowledge, no study in literature had described about laparoscopic completion appendectomy for residual tip appendicitis . Here, we ... |
45% of the medicare patients discharged from the hospital after stroke, return directly home, 24% are discharged to inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and 31% are discharged to skilled nursing facilities . Of stroke patients returning directly home, 32% use home healthcare services . These patients suffer from weakne... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by the interaction of various inflammatory mediators and cells . Although the etiology of ra is not clear, inflammatory cytokines and tissue - destructive molecules play key roles in the initiation and progression of the inflammato... |
Lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts can be a cause of low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy12), but uncommon10). The frequency of diagnosis may be on the rise due to the aging population and high diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans6). However, the case of bilateral new lumbar intraspinal synovial c... |
Beckwith - wiedemann syndrome (bws), a disorder of somatic overgrowth first described by beckwith in 19631 and subsequently by wiedemann in 1964,2 is a congenital disorder associated with the disruption of the genomic imprinting of one or more genes in the 11p 15.5 region.3 many of these genes are involved in the promo... |
Acute kidney injury (aki) is common, increasingly encountered and known to contribute to increased short - term and long - term morbidity and mortality . Few if any interventions are proven to alter the clinical course and outcome of aki once it is established . Thus, conventional management has been largely supportive... |
This is a cross - sectional study that was conducted during march and april 2010 . It aimed at assessing the extent patients accepted medical students in teaching hospitals of fom, ku . Therefore, the population of this study includes patients across a variety of hospitals and clinics in kuwait . The teaching hospitals... |
The multitude of approaches to, and procedures for, nonpalpable testis attests to the management dilemma it presents . We report our preference for, and success with, diagnostic laparoscopy for the patient with nonpalpable testis, with extension of the procedure to laparoscopic orchidopexy by this route . A retrospecti... |
The who has defined stroke as rapidly developed clinical signs of focal and at times global disturbances of cerebral function lasting more than 24 h or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than vascular origin . It is one of the leading causes of adult disability and the second most common cause of death . St... |
A 47 year old male patient visited our hospital with the chief complaint ofacute progressive deterioration of the visual acuity of his left eye that had begun 2 months earlier . Thetotal cholesterol, component ratio of triglycerides, hdl - cholesterol and ldl - cholesterol were within the normal range . At the initial ... |
We used the following eds in this study: bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, bis(2-ethyl - hexyl)phthalate, 4-n - nonylphenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol from lancaster synthesis (morecambe, uk); resorcinol from riedel - de han fine chemicals (seelze, germany); dioctyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate from fluka (ch-9471 buchs sg,... |
A 28-year - old woman with a history of acute myelogenous leukemia (aml), aggressively treated with 3 bone marrow transplants and multiple regimens of chemotherapy targeting aml, presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and fever . Computed tomography (ct) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed pneumatosis of th... |
The majority of sudden cardiac deaths (scds) occur in the general population and outside of the hospital, with few or no early warning signs.1 coronary heart disease (chd) with its sequelae (eg, scarring from previous myocardial infarction, heart failure) is the most common pathology underlying scd, especially for pers... |
The ascidians have become one of the most important sources of marine natural products in the last decades, and a significant number of compounds with unusual structures and bioactivities have been isolated from various ascidians . The peptide metabolite didemnin b is an example of an important drug lead isolated from ... |
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and the sixth most common cancer in women in the united states . Thyroid cancers are classified into 3 main histologic types as differentiated (including papillary, follicular, and hrthle), medullary, and anaplastic (aggressive undifferentiated tumor), wi... |
Poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimers have attracted significant interest since they were first synthesized by tomalia et al . In 1985 . The dendritic architecture has many properties that are interesting from both materials and biological standpoints, including the scaling of size and number of functional groups with ge... |
A comprehensive search conducted on ovid medline 1946 to present using the keywords endoscopy and occupational diseases yielded 192 articles with limits for english language and humans resulting in 148 articles . A search of endoscopy and cumulative trauma disorders yielded 75 articles . All the articles were reviewed ... |
Hypertension is the most common comorbid condition in patients with atrial fibrillation (af) and is present in approximately 80% to 90% of patients with af enrolled in recent clinical trials.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in af, hypertension has been found to be an independent risk factor for stroke and patients with both af and hypert... |
Twenty four days old male neonate was referred to shahid sadoughi general hospital, yazd, iran, from bandar abbas on april 2008 . He had a red mass on his left arm which was noticed at birth as a congenital lesion measuring 3 3 centimeters and occupying nearly 15 - 20% of his left arm length without any other problem .... |
Two key technical issues to be resolved in assisted reproductive technology (art) are the lack of objective and reliable predictors of oocyte developmental competence and the low successful rate of in vitro maturation (ivm). Oocyte competence is defined as the intrinsic ability of oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation,... |
Clinical studies consistently demonstrate a link between obesity and increased risk for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (t2 dm). The most recent national data show that the majority of adults and a third of children in the us are overweight or obese . Experts now predict that 165 million americans (at... |
An 81-year - old male patient of 166 cm and 65 kg was scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy . The induction of the anesthesia was done with midazolam 1.5 mg, propofol 50 mg, remifentanil 60 g, and rocuronium 50 mg . The anesthesia was maintained with o2 1.5 l / min, air 2.5 l / min, sevoflurane 1.5 - 2.0 vol% an... |
Essential hypertension is currently seen as a multifactorial disease caused by multiple susceptibility genes, which are modulated by various environmental factors . Alpha - adducin (add-1) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein that appears to be involved in cell - to - cell contact (1), cell membrane ion tra... |
The world wide growing incidence of obesity has triggered increased research into the adverse health consequences of this condition . Particular attention has been paid to white adipose tissue- (wat-) derived adipokines . At present, there is a large body of evidence that chronic subclinical inflammation associated wit... |
Gelastic seizure (gs) has been a well - known hypothalamic hamartoma (hh) syndrome from sessile hh, while endocrinological disturbances2,6) and/or visual impairment may arise from pedunculated hh1,5). Other types of seizure, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral problems follow and frequently develop late in the firs... |
This is the first report of molecular prenatal test for a novel mutation in the mlc1 gene from iran . The reason for the swollen appearance of the white matter might be the myelin vacuolation affecting the outer myelin layers 2 . However, macrocephaly and cerebral white matter abnormality is a specific neurological sig... |
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generate hazardous substances for human health and environment . Therefore, green chemistry protects the environment, not by cleaning up, but by introducing new chemical processes that do not pollute the environment . N... |
Temporomandibular joint (tmj) disorder covers a variety of clinical problems involving the masticatory muscles, the joint itself, and associated structures to the ear region . Temporomandibular disorder (tmd) is a general term for the clinical problems that involve the masticatory muscles, the tmj, and associated struc... |
Thiopurines (e.g., azathioprine (aza), 6-mercaptopurine (6-mp), and 6-thioguanine (6-tg)) are purine analogues that induce immunosuppression and reduce proliferation of cancerous cells . Different mechanisms of action have been reported for thiopurines including blocking replication by incorporation into dna and transc... |
Middle ear infection is a common, yet treatable disease and is a major cause of morbidity in children . If left untreated, long - term consequences of persistent severe ear infection can arise including speech development disorders, academic and educational development [2, 3], and lower overall quality of life [4, 5]. ... |
Trauma is one of the leading nonobstetric cause of maternal death in as many as 8% of pregnancies . Domestic falls, domestic violence, and penetrating wounds are involved in 10% of trauma during pregnancy . Paucity of literature about trauma and pregnancy makes it more debatable regarding anesthetic, obstetric, and sur... |
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