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Metaplastic breast cancer (mbc) is a rare malignancy characterized by the histologic presence of two or more cellular types, commonly a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components [16]. Mbc represents 0.251% of breast cancers diagnosed annually [1, 7, 8]. Due to its relative rarity and heterogeneous histologic pre... |
Worldwide, tumours account for the majority of cases of large bowel obstruction with diverticular disease and volvulus accounting for the remainder . Volvulus commonly affects the sigmoid, caecum and transverse colon in the decreasing order of frequency with caecal volvulus accounting for <1% of causes of large bowel o... |
Budd - chiari syndrome (bcs) is a hepatic venous outflow obstruction at any level from the small hepatic veins to the junction of the inferior vena cava (ivc) and the right atrium . Thrombosis of the hepatic veins is the most common cause of bcs in western countries, whereas membranous obstruction of the ivc or the hep... |
Recent studies have revealed an association between lower pre - dialysis serum sodium levels and increased all - cause and cardiovascular mortality in haemodialysis (hd) patients [1, 2]. In these studies, hyponatraemia was also associated with low serum albumin, low body mass index and high interdialytic weight gain . ... |
Elearning is concerned with the learning activities, resource access, communication, and assessment undertaken in an online environment . This type of learning environment normally uses a range of information and communication technologies (icts) accessible via computer or mobile devices . The purpose of this study was... |
Highly charged (trivalent and tetravalent) metal ions are of great interest in both supramolecular, biomolecular, and rare - earth chemistry . Some of these serve as the coordination center that performs structural, catalytic, or electron - transfer functions, while others are well - known biotoxins . For example, iron... |
Entropy is a key property to understand a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biochemical phenomena . However, the estimation of absolute entropies and entropy differences from computer simulations is a long - standing problem and one of the current challenges in computational chemistry . The calculation of reliabl... |
Various causes of intractable hiccups have been reported; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of either intractable hiccups due to esophageal candidiasis in an immunocompetent adult or improvement following antifungal therapy . An esophagogastroduodenos - copy revealed several white dep... |
Natural killer / t - cell (nk / t - cell) lymphoma is a rare fast - growing lymphoma arising from the lining of the nose or upper airway . A 26-year - old young female presented with nasal obstruction, bloody discharge and swelling of the nasal skin and right lower eyelid . Biopsy from the soft tissue seen in the nasal... |
Eumycetoma is a chronic, relentlessly progressive, granulomatous subcutaneous disease caused by a true fungus . It commonly occurs in the extremities, the foot being the most common site of involvement . Cranial involvement has only rarely been reported[24] and is often due to direct extension from the paranasal sinuse... |
Orthodontic forces generate cellular and molecular responses, resulting in tooth movement . A difference in the expression pattern of bone modeling markers and histological changes is reasonable assuming that molecular changes in the compression zone are different than those in the tension zone of the periodontal ligam... |
According to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, developmental coordination disorder (dcd) refers to those children whose acquisition and execution of motor skills is substantially below their age and opportunities for learning . The coordination problems are expressed in slow and inaccurate perf... |
The process of immunomodulation is of utmost importance for sustaining the immune homeostasis in the organism, and detailed knowledge about the precise mechanisms of this process can bring about a better and more efficient therapy of the autoimmune diseases . Regulation of the immune response is accomplished by a numbe... |
Two classes of proteins play important roles in dna segregation: topoisomerases and structural maintenance of chromosome (smc) complexes . Dna replication introduces positive (+) supercoiling ahead of the replication fork, and rotation of the forks leads to interlinking of the two sister chromosomes, generating (pre)ca... |
Dermatophytes are the most common organisms infecting keratinized structures such as skin, hair, and nails, and their ability to degrade keratin is believed to be a major virulence factor . A correlation between keratinolytic activity and pathogenesis has been proposed because dermatophytes secrete a battery of endo- a... |
Glucometers, which employ the glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinoline quinone (gdh - pqq) are known to produce falsely high recordings of capillary glucose in the presence of interfering substances like maltose and galactose . The food and drug administration (fda) did recommend that these meters should not be used in h... |
Approximately 2 billion people have latent infection, 8 million would develop active tuberculosis annually, and 2 - 3 million would die due to tuberculosis . With this resurgence, cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis approximately 10 - 11% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis involves joints and bones, which is approximate... |
The obesity epidemic currently facing the developed world [1, 2] is increasing the number of people affected by preventable causes of disability . This epidemic has an impact on the field of rehabilitation as interventions need to be adapted for people with obesity and new approaches need to be developed for people wit... |
Rotational atherectomy (ra) is an irreplaceable modality for heavily calcified lesions in current percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). Since incomplete stent expansion is a well - known predisposing factor for further instent restenosis and thrombosis, lesion preparation using ra prior to stent deployment in ballo... |
One challenge in primary care in germany is the treatment of older patients who consult their general practitioners (gps) with multiple health and associated everyday problems [13]. Shared decision making (sdm) is a particular communication strategy in the doctor - patient dialogue with medical decisions being taken jo... |
Recent interest to semiconductor quantum dots (qds) is conditioned by new physical properties of these zero - dimensional objects, which are conditioned by size - quantization (sq) effect of the charge carriers (ccs) [1 - 3]. Such new structures were obtained by means of interrupted growth of qds within semiconductor m... |
Breast cancer has become a major focus of worldwide attention due to the increase in incidence over the past decades . In brazil, it is an important public health problem, being the most common neoplasm among women and the leading cause of death from cancer in this population group . In 2014, 57,120 new cases were esti... |
High circulating calcitonin levels are associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma . However, several other neuroendocrine tumors (nets) can also release calcitonin, including pheochromocytomas, neuromas and lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas . Calcitonin - secreting pancreatic endocrine tumors (ctspets)... |
Myxomas are the most common type of cardiac tumors, and approximately 75% of these tumors originate in the left atrium and 15% to 20% in the right atrium, with only less than 10% arising from the right and left ventricles . However, the incidence of myxomas in the great vein is extremely rare, and a thorough review of ... |
Anemia has been shown to be the most frequent hematological abnormality in hiv - infected patients globally [1, 2]. Even among those initiating antiretroviral therapy (art), anemia has been demonstrated to be a strong risk factor for disease progression and subsequent death [15] independent of cd4 count and viral load ... |
Clinically significant unexpected antibodies are capable of causing hemolytic transfusion reactions secondary to accelerated destruction of a significant proportion of transfused red blood cells (1). Therefore, screening for unexpected antibodies should be part of all pretransfusion testing, with antibody identificatio... |
Cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitors have the potential to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells . Roscovitine, a potent and selective inhibitor of cdk2 and cdc2, has demonstrated selective inhibition of cdk enzymes over related kinases . It has been reported that roscovitine does cause not only cell c... |
Dendritic spines are small protrusions that serve as a postsynaptic site for the 90% of the excitatory synapses in the cns . Different kinds of dendritic spines were described based on their shape and their actin content in adult rat brains . Mushroom dendritic spines have stalks with a clear head differentiation, stub... |
The aim of this article is to emphasize on a rare occurrence with its clinicopathological features and differential diagnoses in view of the recent literature . A 22 year - old woman presented with an acute onset of lower abdominal pain of 2 days duration . On bimanual pelvic examination, a right adnexal mass was palpa... |
Pneumoconiosis is a chronic pulmonary disease caused by the accumulation of small (0.5- to 5-um) dusts in the lungs, which leads to inflammation and fibrosis in the air sacs . The function of the lungs worsens with the disease progress, and the patients show dyspnea, coughing, sputum, and chest pains . In particular, c... |
Newtonian ideas helped us to understand solid matter and moving objects found in the earth's gravitational field . Einstein, however, through his renowned equation e = mc, determined that energy and matter are dual expressions of the same universal substance (1). A slowly vibrating substance is referred to as physical ... |
In 2002, paulhus and williams1 described the personality construct of the dark triad (dt), and since then, dt has been attracting increasing attention.2 dt consists of three dimensions: machiavellianism (a manipulative, self - centered, immoral, and calculative attitude), narcissism (exaggerated self - love, dominant, ... |
Common sites of breast cancer metastases include regional lymph nodes, bones, liver, lungs and brain . Metastatic breast and lung cancers are the most common non - traumatic causes of brachial plexopathy, after radiation induced fibrosis . Because one of the major lymphatic drainage of the breast is through the apex of... |
Acute migratory polyarthritis, then known as acute articular rheumatism was the first manifestation described simultaneously in 1605, in france from guilleaume de baillou and in england by thomas sydenham . The following year he described the disorder of movement (st vitus dance) that is now called sydenham s chorea . ... |
Ghana and other countries in sub - saharan africa (ssa) are experiencing an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases propelled by rapidly increasing rates of hypertension . A reciprocal or bidirectional relationship has been postulated for hypertension and end - stage chronic kidney disease (esckd). Hypertension is a key pa... |
Fatigue, best defined as difficulty in initiating or sustaining voluntary activities, is a common symptom of various illnesses and even occurs in healthy individuals [24]. In japan, in contrast, long - term fatigue (chronic fatigue) is sometimes irreversible, and the compensation mechanisms that are useful in reducing ... |
It demonstrates an elastotic degeneration of the collagen as a result of excessive ultraviolet exposure . Majority of pterygium occurs in the nasal side, but it is not uncommon to encounter double - head pterygium in the pterygium belt pterygium can affect vision by causing tear film instability, inducing corneal astig... |
A 25-year - old systemically healthy male patient presented with complaints of severe photophobia, redness, discharge, pain and severe swelling of the lids in the left eye, since two days . Past history was significant for a boil on the lower eyelid, two days ago . On examination, the best - corrected visual acuity was... |
Metabotropic glutamate receptors, members of the g protein - coupled receptor superfamily, are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (cns) on neuronal and glial cells . During the past two decades, a body of scientific evidence has accumulated indicating that metabotropic glutamate receptors play a s... |
Rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) is a malignant tumor of striated muscle origin and derives from primitive mesenchyme that retains its capacity for skeletal muscle differentiation . The combined use of chemoradiotherapy and surgery improves the survival rate significantly, namely up to 5 years . We report on a 42-year - old male... |
Renal transplant candidates present immune dysregulation, caused by chronic uremia followed by renal replacement therapy . Recently, uremia was reported to influence cytokine synthesis . While the immune response shift is well described in the literature, still it is not clear whether the pretransplant chronic inflamma... |
Inclusion criteria were that subjects 1) had type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year, 2) were between the ages of 21 and 70, 3) drove a minimum of 6,000 miles a year, and 4) either reported no driving mishaps (no collisions, citations, or automatic driving where they drove from point a to b with no recollection or someone ... |
Ssc) is a chronic, multifactorial disease which was first described by goetz . The disease can run either a chronic or violent course which depends on the degree of internal organs dysfunction . Literature data point out that small and large blood vessel disturbances and fibrosis development play a key role in connecti... |
Patients with growth hormone (gh) deficiency who have a history of abnormal birth injury such as breech delivery occasionally show an atrophic anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the formation of an ectopic posterior lobe at the median eminence, and a thin or absent pituitary stalk on brain magnetic resonance imaging... |
Infectious diseases caused by flaviviruses are major concerns in the public health community, particularly those that are drug - resistant or resistant to antibody - mediated neutralization . However, the basic mechanism by which mutations in antigenic proteins lead to evasion of antibody neutralization is still unclea... |
H - ns is an abundant global regulator of transcription and a determinant of nucleoid structure in many bacteria (1,2). This protein is primarily a repressor acting both as a selective silencer of specific genes or regions of the chromosome and also more locally in concert with other transcription factors within a regu... |
Endothelial cells (huvec passage 46; clonetics, walkersville, md) were grown to confluence, then stimulated with plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (pai-1, 10 ng / ml; american diagnostica inc ., supernatant was collected 3 hours after stimulation and centrifuged (145 g, 8 minutes) to remove cell debris . The supernata... |
Aqueous dispersions of micrometer - sized droplets of thermotropic liquid crystals (lcs) provide versatile platforms for the design of stimuli - responsive soft matter systems . The responsiveness of these droplet - based lc systems to various types of stimuli results from the fine scale of energetics that controls the... |
Isolated hemihyperplasia (ih, omim 23500) is most succinctly defined as asymmetric regional body overgrowth because of an underlying abnormality of cell proliferation in individuals without any other underlying diagnosis . There are no widely accepted criteria for defining ih as distinct from normal growth variation in... |
Reproductive applications of laparoscopy have broadened to include various diagnostic, reconstructive, and ablative operations . A major concern at laparoscopy remains intraabdominal adhesions, which may predispose a patient to access - related injury and can make the dissection of vital structures difficult, leading t... |
This can be achieved by thorough biomechanical preparation, along with effective debridement and disinfection protocols . The use of various intracanal irrigants and medicaments are essential to control microbial infections especially in the lateral and accessory canals, isthmus, and apical deltas . Calcium hydroxide [... |
Synthesis of new catalysts is critical for modern synthetic chemistry, but catalyst discovery is commonly based on time - consuming and frustrating trial - and - error protocols . To address this issue, many combinatorial approaches to accelerate the process have been developed. [1, 2} however, combinatorial catalysis ... |
Detailed clinical and social data were collected by case managers for all tb patients undergoing treatment in london on july 1, 2003 . Analyses were restricted to pulmonary patients 1560 years of age (n = 970). We used univariate analyses to compare the characteristics of crack cocaine users, other hard - drug users (p... |
Erythroderma is a well - recognized entity in the adult age group, but there are few studies on erythroderma in the pediatric age group . It is an uncommon, yet striking entity in children with an incidence of 0.11% . Psoriasis affects 0.71% of the population under 18 and psoriatic erythroderma accounts for 1.4% of pso... |
Despite the directly observed treatment short course (dots) strategy, tuberculosis (tb) is still a major public health problem in the world (1). According to the world health organization (who), about 8 to 8 million people annually are diagnosed with tb, diabetes is a debilitating disease that impairs the cellular immu... |
The hernia sac passes through the obturator foramen, following the path of the obturator nerves and muscles . Here we present a typical case of obturator hernia which was diagnosed by spiral ct preoperatively and the emergency operation was performed successfully . A 78-year - old woman was sent to our emergency depart... |
In food processing plants, residues of all kinds chemical, biological, organic, or inorganic inevitably accumulate on the surfaces of equipments in contact with food . Attachment of undesirable microorganisms to these surfaces is a source of concern, since this can result in product contamination leading to serious eco... |
Low back pain (lbp) is a common condition, with 28.1% of adults in the us reporting to have experienced lbp within the previous 3 months.1 the prevalence of chronic lbp has increased from 3.9% in 1992 to 10.2% in 2006.2 national estimates of direct costs for chronic lbp in the us have been between $12.2 billion and $90... |
A 31-year - old woman presented with a 6-month history of diarrhea, hyperglycemia requiring insulin, weight loss and a 2-month history of icterus and jaundice . Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase (alt) of 456 iu / l, aspartate aminotransferase (ast) of 233 iu... |
Although tobacco and alcohol are the main etiologic factors in three - fourth of these cancers, the etiological factor in 1/4 of the cases remains unnoticed . There is growing evidence that human papilloma virus (hpv) may act as a cocarcinogen along with tobacco which eventually results in oral cancers . Human papillom... |
Rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, with the second peak of bimodal age distribution at adolescence . The head and neck, genitourinary system, trunk, and extremities are most commonly involved . Rms in the genitourinary system represents 25% of all adolescent cases of rms; but onl... |
In 1952, wilson1 coined the term " necrotizing fasciitis " (nf) for the necrotizing soft tissue infections in which the fascia and tissue death are invariably involved . Nf is an infection that spreads along the fascial planes causing subcutaneous tissue death with relative sparing of skin and underlying muscles, chara... |
Progressive increase of reproductive aging has increased the number of couples seeking help for assisted reproductive techniques . Demonstrated that an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) occurs several years before elevation in luteinizing hormone (lh) and concluded that the first intimation of decreased ov... |
The poor access to water supply is a prevalent issue in over 850 million people worldwide with over 2.5 billion limited by access to sanitation facilities . The global burden of disease and mortality rates could be reduced by about 9.1% and 6.3%, respectively, if rapid success is attained in facilitating access to wate... |
Thirty adult new zealand white rabbits (2.0 to 3.0 kg, 20 weeks old) were used for this study . The animals were handled in accordance with the association for research and vision and ophthalmology statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research . All surgical procedures were performed identically in... |
During an influenza pandemic, measures to stop the transmission of influenza virus will be a critical part of the public health response . Although influenza is known to be transmitted through respiratory secretions containing the virus, infectious material can be passed from person to person in many different ways . T... |
Removal of smear layer has been considered as an important step in periodontal regenerative therapy . Scaling and root planning alone with saline irrigation does not remove the smear layer . The addition of a detergent to edta proved to remove smear layer more efficiently than edta alone . Traditional surgical and non ... |
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of human societies and is a major problem for public health . In terms of early and late complications of the disease, the patients and the societies impose many problems (1). Diabetes care may account for up to 15% of national health care budgets (2). This hidden dis... |
F10.7, ap, and dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide quantified relative roles of solar irradiance, geomagnetism in radiative cooling establish a new index and extend record of thermospheric cooling back 70 years f10.7, ap, and dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide quan... |
Anti - synthetase syndrome (as) is a clinical entity which is described classically by the triad of interstitial lung disease (ild), inflammatory myositis and presence of aminoacyl - trna synthetase antibodies (asa) [1, 2]. The anti - histidyl - trna synthetase (anti - jo-1) antibody is the most commonly reported antib... |
The uncertainty quantification of pk parameters from preclinical experiments to clinical has been extensively investigated in the literature . Prediction methods for clearance is by far the most studied case because of its importance for systemic drug elimination and oral bioavailability . Clearance is defined as the v... |
Primary non - hodgkin lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare, accounting for only 14% of malignancies arising in the stomach, small intestine or colon . Mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma comprises 78% of all b - cell lymphomas and at least 50% of primary gastric lymphomas . It reaches its pe... |
Health risk of osteoporosis is increasing in korean women and there were many trials to reduce and prevent osteoporotic fracture risk (1, 2). Vitamin k plays a role in bone metabolism and may decrease the risk of fracture (3, 4). Vitamin k also acts synergistically with vitamin d on bone mineral density (bmd) and posit... |
Hepatitis is caused by many factors including alcohol, viruses, drugs, immune injury, and idiopathic factors and has remained a serious human health problem throughout the world [1, 2]. The features of hepatitis are the release of inflammatory cytokines, the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine ami... |
The first few days after birth are a critical period for mothers (1). Childbirth is a significant life transition event, especially for primiparous women (2). In the postpartum period, mothers are faced with multiple biological, psychological, and social changes and the need to adapt to new problems and concerns (3). S... |
Retinal detachment is the separation of multilayer neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium . The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd) has significant geographic variations ranging between 6.3 and 17.9 per 100,000 people per year.1 in current clinical practice, scleral buckling... |
Ochronosis is seen mostly in adults and peaks in the forth decade . With increasing age complaints of hip, although ochronotic pigmentation of tissues, black discoloration of urine due to sodium hydroxide (naoh), degenerative arthropathy of large joints are classical findings, definitive diagnosis is made with quantita... |
Deletions, point mutations, amplifications, insertions, inversions and translocations can alter the dna sequence . Transmission from parent to offspring results in fixation of these mutations within a population . As schematized in the poster, mice caught in the wild can contain one of four bases (a, c, g or t) at a gi... |
In recent years, air pollution has been a serious problem in some asian countries . An important consequence of air pollution is its effect on health, particularly on the respiratory system1, 2 . As an assessment of respiratory health, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1) is an important measure of the health of... |
A 32-year - old female patient with symptoms of widespread pain, fatigue and sleep problems presented at the outpatient clinic one year ago . Physical examination indicated that range of motion of spine and peripheric joints were not limited and painful . She had 11 positive tender points (according to acr 1990 fms cla... |
Purification of endogenous regiiiendogenous regiii was purified from the small intestines of c57bl/6 mice . Intestinal tissues were homogenized in 20% acetic acid solution containing protease inhibitors using a pre - chilled homogenization probe and lysed by sonication using a misonix xl sonicator . The extract was dia... |
Successful walking is affected by the integration of complex cognition and neuromuscular, sensory, and skeletal factors, which can degenerate with disease and aging2 . Elderly walking is characterized by reduced velocity and increased basal plane . In particular, elderly persons have difficulty changing directions3, re... |
Radiographic images are routinely used in the field of endodontics for diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow - up of periapical bone lesions . However they do not provide information on the size of a lesion and its spatial relationship with the anatomic structures as it is a two - dimensional representation of a th... |
Because of continuous efforts to minimize scarring and make procedures less invasive, reduced port surgery (rps) procedures, such as laparoendoscopic single - site surgery, have been developed and have gained popularity in not only general but also pediatric surgery over the past few years . For rps, the initial umbili... |
Nuclear and mitochondrial dna is damaged by radiation, by organic and inorganic chemical agents and by the misdirected activity of enzymes . Exogenous and endogenous processes that contribute to genomic damage include oxidation, alkylation, and deamination of dna . Adducts arising from nucleic acid damage may cause mut... |
One of the tantalizing questions raised by molecular biology is whether the basic structures of life as we know them arose through a darwinian evolutionary process and, if so, what were the evolutionary pressures acting on them? The genetic code was initially believed to be universal throughout all living things, even ... |
This video is also available to watch on http://videos.springer.com/. Please search for the video by the article title . The objective of this study was to identify new tactile imaging and muscle contraction markers to characterize female pelvic floor conditions . Vaginal tactile imaging [1, 2] allows 3-d quantitative ... |
In recent years, it has become widely accepted that catalytic promiscuity, i.e., the ability of many enzymes to catalyze the turnover of multiple chemically distinct substrates, plays a key role in the evolution of new functions, allowing for rapid responses to environmental changes . Furthermore, interest in this phen... |
Gestational acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) has an estimated incidence of 1670 per 100 000 pregnancies with a mortality rate approaching 50% . Here, we present a case of a woman in her 21st week of pregnancy who developed severe ards with multiple etiologic confounders including lymphangioleiomyomatosis (lam... |
Renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is the most common cancer of the kidney, accounting for 85% of renal tumors . According to the american cancer society estimates, rcc is the seventh most common cancer and is the tenth leading cause for cancer - specific deaths . Data from india regarding the incidence and mortality of rcc ar... |
Classic polyarteritis nodosa (cpan) is a multisystem disease characterized by necrotizing nongranulomatous vasculitis of medium - sized or small muscular arteries without glomerulonephritis1 and was first described by kussmaul and maier in 1866.2 the clinical features vary widely depending on the size and extent of inv... |
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (hac) is a very unusual histological type of primitive extrahepatic cancer . Hac can virtually never be distinguished at pathologic examination, on the basis of morphology alone, from hepatocellular carcinoma, whose gross and microscopic features (sheet - like or trabecular proliferation of neop... |
End - stage renal disease (esrd) is one of the most serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and caries significant short- and long - term morbidity . Approximately, 50% of sle patients have clinical evidence of lupus nephritis (ln) at the time of diagnosis, with an even greater incidence of esrd amon... |
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) is a standard interventional treatment modality for managing patients with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi). Remarkable advances in pci have been made with the development of interventional technologies and the accumulation of experience by interventi... |
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