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Extremely low birth weight infants (elbw) pose a heavy resource burden in perinatal healthcare . While it is inevitable that elbw infants would have relatively long neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) length of stay (los), there may be opportunities for improving and standardizing care, as unexplained variation in los ... |
Numerous common human diseases and phenotypic traits are believed to arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors . The unravelling of the genetic predisposition to complex traits is a major challenge, and it could lead to better prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease . Recently, advances in ge... |
Tuberculosis (tb) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries affecting millions of people worldwide (1,2). Skeletal tb, constituting 1020% of all the extrapulmonary tb (etb), is a well - recognized clinical condition that is easily diagnosed and managed with an excellent outcome (2). Howev... |
Laparoscopic liver surgery is now being performed by select groups worldwide . The louisville consensus conference on laparoscopic liver surgery suggested a role for laparoscopic liver resections for lesions in segment 2 to 6 . We herein report a male patient undergoing laparoscopic liver resection for a giant right lo... |
Spinal cord injury (sci) is the most devastating form of neurological injury, disturbing the normal sensory, motor, and/or autonomic functions . The annual incidence of sci in the usa is about 40 cases per million of population . Sci is caused principally by trauma (e.g. Traffic injuries, falls, and violence). The risk... |
The royal society academia - industry international conference 2014 focussed on the topic of gpcr structure, function, drug discovery and crystallography and was held on september 12 in chicheley hall, uk . This conference brought together 20 renowned experts in gpcr research and drug discovery spanning europe, austral... |
The most significant and debilitating complication of herpes zoster is herpetic neuralgia that accompanies and may persist in 10 - 15% of all zoster patients, particularly those over 60 years of age . Herpes zoster (hz), a sporadic infection with an estimated lifetime risk of 10 - 20%, occurs in all age groups, especia... |
The main and ultimate goal of nursing services is to provide the clients with quality care in order to improve the outcomes of the services given to the patients and society . Nurses, as the major force of treatment and care team in educational and treatment centers, should be accountable for the quality of the care gi... |
Improvement of respiratory support and pharmacotherapy for heart failure has brought extension of life span to patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd). However, the incidence of cardiomyopathy increases with age; 100% of patients have cardiac involvement by adulthood.1 some kinds of arrhythmia cause fatal matte... |
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 011 - 0031 - 7 and is accessible for authorized users. |
Since the early 1980s an intensive clinical research on larynx preservation has been exploring potential reliable alternatives to mutilating surgery defined as the complete removal of the voice box (i.e. A total laryngectomy). Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy have played a major role in this clinical researc... |
Nowadays, many different extensions of fss are known: l - fuzzy sets (l - fss), interval - valued fuzzy sets (ivfss), vague sets (vss), intuitionistic fuzzy sets (ifss), interval - valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (ivifss), linguistic fuzzy sets (lfss), type-2 fuzzy sets (t2fss), type - n fuzzy sets (tnfss), and fuzzy ... |
Two forms (genetic and sporadic) of alzheimer s disease involve main common events: neuronal damage and amyloid plaques accumulation in the human brain . Neuronal changes in the end - stage patient brain are diffuse and widespread and neuropathological autopsy findings include significant neuron death an interesting su... |
Laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) is the most common and popular procedure performed for the correction of refractive errors in the last two decades . We report a case of traumatic flap displacement with flap folding which occurred 3 years after lasik was performed . Previous literature suggests that vision prognosi... |
Hereditary angioedema (hae) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent episodes of potentially life - threatening angioedema (1). The clinical features of the disease include recurrent nonpruritic edema of skin and submucosal tissues associated with pain syndromes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and life ... |
Developmental dysplasia of hip (ddh) is a common condition presenting to a pediatric orthopedic surgeon . Early management is of utmost importance to achieve normal development of hip and prevent residual acetabular dysplasia (rad). In infants below 6 months of age, pavlik harness is the gold standard of treatment . On... |
Osteoarthritis (oa) is a chronic degenerative disorder of multifactorial etiology characterized by the loss of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins, subchondral sclerosis, and range of biochemical and morphological alterations of the synovial membrane and joint capsule.1 pathological changes in the l... |
In the united states, 4 to 5 million patients undergo abdominal operations each year ., 5% of the general population has an umbilical or epigastric hernia, making ventral hernia repair one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures . Approximately 90 000 this is attributed to a variety of reasons, including the... |
West nile virus (wnv) is an arthropod borne neurotropic single stranded rna flavivirus . The virus is introduced into the host by the vector (culex mosquito) during its blood meal . Wnv originated in the middle east and africa but in recent years has reached the united states . From 1999 to 2011, a total of 31,414 case... |
Bariatric surgery still remains the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, leading to a reduction of comorbidities in the long term . Roux - en - y - gastric bypass (rygb) is one of the most frequently performed procedures in the united states and is also widely practiced in europe [24]. Calcium and vitamin d def... |
Imaging findings, even with computed tomography (ct), of such tumors are rarely described in literature . F-18 fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography (f-18 fdg pet / ct) is emerging as a useful modality in assessment of genito - urinary malignancies . F-18 fdg pet / ct findings in penile... |
Imaging characteristics are usually helpful in the differentiation of various cardiac masses with high probability . The differential diagnosis of aortic thrombus like tumor and vegetation is crucial for avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention . Non - invasive imaging methods would be useful in the diagnosis of susp... |
As with nearly every technological advance, the development of genomics holds out the promise of fruitful military applications . Mehlman and li persuasively and, i believe, correctly argue that the appropriate bioethical framework for the use of genomic science by the military should be derived primarily from two over... |
Larvae were collected opportunistically from tammany creek, nez perce co., i d (46 21.51.51 n, 117 03.32.05 w), a perennial, undammed creek approximately 13 m in width and roughly 10 km in length . Tammany creek drains into the snake river approximately 770 km from the confluence of the snake and columbia rivers . We s... |
The cerebral cortex of mammals, including humans, displays oscillatory spindle activity (1015 hz) across the lifespan . In adults, sleep spindles, a specific type of spindle activity, occur exclusively during non - rem sleep [14] and have been implicated in memory retention and skill learning [57]. In humans, sleep spi... |
This malignancy is a public health burden in most industrialized countries and a most common cause of cancer - related deaths in the world (2). The incidence and mortality rate of this cancer is increasing in iran and it is predicted that iranian population may be experiencing an acceleration of its burden in future (3... |
Resin composites have been classified according to various characteristics, such as size, content, and filler type, and the physical and mechanical properties of the materials . Nanotechnology, known as molecular nanotechnology or molecular engineering, is the production of functional materials and structures, at a ran... |
As the leading cause of death in korea, cancer has been the country s major public health concern since 1983 . Over 210,000 patients were newly diagnosed with cancer in korea, and one in four deaths is due to cancer . Although the cancer registration system in korea is highly efficient and can provide nationwide cancer... |
It occurs in a wide segment of society, from people who react to life conditions in a well - adjusted way, to people who have severe mental disorders . People who attempt suicide may truly desire to die, or this behavior may just be a response to pain, despair, and hopelessness a cry for help . The world health organiz... |
Cystic fibrosis is less common among african, american and asian people than among northern europeans . To date, the most common cftr gene mutation is f508, which accounts for about 30% to 80% of all mutant alleles worldwide . The frequency of this mutation is reportedly between 16% and 23% in different parts of iran .... |
Crystal induced acute kidney injury (c - aki) is a recent cause of acute kidney injury (aki) in intensive care units (icus). Indeed, cholesterol embolism, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate, and many medications (sulfadiazine, acyclovir, indinavir, triamterene, methotrexate, orlistat, oral sodium phosphate preparation, and ... |
National estimates of factors affecting pregnancy and birth rates, particularly contraceptive use and pregnancy, with oversampling of african american women, latinas, and teenagers . The 2002 survey was designed to obtain detailed information on factors affecting childbearing, marriage, and parenthood from a national p... |
Manganeseoxidizing bacteria oxidize mn to form insoluble mn and/or mn oxides, and this far best studied bacterial species have been isolated from manganesecontaining environments such as mnoxide encrusted pipelines, manganesecontaining water pipes and aquifers, as well as from marine sediments (schweisfurth, 1973; neal... |
Several different methods have been described to achieve the ankle fusion; including external fixators and/or internal fixation, use of fibular strut graft, interposition bone grafting, and intramedullary nailing.5678910 however, it is a salvage procedure that causes persistent alterations in gait and a potential for d... |
Melanoacanthoma is a benign and uncommon pigmented mucocutaneous lesion characterized by dendritic melanocytes dispersed throughout the epithelium . Published the first retrospective review of 10 cases of oral melanoacanthoma reported in the literature in 1983 . Oral melanoacanthoma usually occurs on the buccal mucosa ... |
Crystal engineering the rational design of crystalline molecular solids remains an important challenge for chemistry . Crystal structure prediction is not yet feasible in all cases, and it is therefore useful to develop motifs which allow families of structures to be generated in a reliable fashion . There is special i... |
Surgery is currently the only available cure for primary hyperparathyroidism (php). In selected patients, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (mip) offers the benefits of decreased morbidity and shorter hospital stay; hence, it is increasingly replacing the traditional bilateral neck exploration (bne) and four - gland... |
Inequities in the health status are global problem, equally affecting reach and poor countries (1) and numerous attempts to quantify economic impact of health inequities have shown significant opportunities for savings if these inequities are reduced (2), such as calculations that lost lives due to inequities in health... |
They are formed in the bone marrow and continuously enter the blood circulation, where they constitute 4% of the total leukocyte population in mice and 10% in humans . In human peripheral blood, three functionally different subsets of monocytes have been identified and characterized based on their expression of surface... |
Autonomic modulation is the ability of the autonomic nervous system (ans) to respond to stimuli, both internal and external, in order to maintain homeostasis . This system is divided into two branches: the parasympathetic (psns) and sympathetic nervous system (sns). Both branches affect heart rate (hr), blood pressure ... |
Prostate cancer (pc) is one of the most common cancers at present in the male population . The number of diagnosed cases has risen predominantly due to the development of health care and the improvement of prevention and diagnostic methods, and, furthermore, presents an increasing tendency in poland . The number of reg... |
The chemokine proteins are a class of small molecules that play a significant role in leukocyte trafficking during immune response (1). Ccr1, as one of the chemokine receptors, is expressed on a number of human cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and t cells (2).a large number of studies have provide... |
Chip was performed using tagged tap - abp1 and tap - cbh1 strains with an anti - calmodulin binding protein antibody (millipore) and a polyclonal serum against the native sap1 protein9 . High throughput sequencing was performed on the illumina g2 genome analyzer, and analyzed for polymorphism detection or statistical a... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age (1, 2). Pcos is diagnosed with oligomenorrhea and/or anovulation as well as clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenemia with / without ultrasonographic evidence of polycystic ovaries . The diagnosis is made after exclusion of... |
Dyskeratosis congenita (dc) is an inherited disorder with progressive multi - system involvement leading to bone marrow failure (bmf), squamous cell carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis (pf), etc . Liver transplantation (lt) for cirrhosis secondary to dc has not been reported previously and we describe here the perioperative ... |
Osteoarthritis (oa) is the most common chronic joint disorder, and it causes detrimental effects on the quality of life and functional status . These are characterized by progressively occurring cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, and subchondral sclerosis1, 2 . The histopathological findings of oa show that h... |
Samples from 96 birds (41 wild ducks, 29 chickens, 23 ducks, and 3 geese) were collected from the padmachar area of rajshahi district during january 2009 . In this area, a lake hosts several thousand wintering wild birds; that lake also is frequented by poultry from surrounding households . Each fecal sample, collected... |
Behcet s disease (bd) is a chronic autoimmune / inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcers, cutaneous inflammation, and uveitis . In addition to its typical mucocutaneous and ocular manifestations, bd targets the musculoskeletal, vascular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems.13 the prevalence ... |
In 2000, there were an estimated 151 million cases of type 2 diabetes worldwide . This figure increased to 285 million in 2010, and it is predicted that 438 million people will suffer from diabetes by 2030.1 type 2 diabetes stems from interactions between genetics, behavior and environment . The genetic basis of the di... |
Cardiovascular effects of tobacco smoking are primarily attributed to the presence of nicotine in cigarettes . This alkaloid may promote decrease in baroreflex sensitivity, increase in heart rate and blood pressure, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction . Nicotine potentiates sympathetic ne... |
A 167 cm, 65 kg, male patient at the age of 27 was observed in the neurosurgery department for a linear fracture at the temporal bone caused by a motorcycle accident that had taken place 11 days before the operation and a tiny amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage corresponding to grade 1 of the hunt and hess grading syste... |
Mr imaging and mr spectroscopy were performed twice in 10 c - peptide negative, nonsmoking patients with type 1 diabetes (five male) using insulin treatment by insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion). One study was done after a 3-day period in which subjects aimed at optimal blood glucose levels... |
C h functionalization logic is rapidly permeating the way organic chemists approach synthesis and deconstruct target molecules . With methodological advances developing at an increasing pace, new disconnections and strategies once thought impossible are now available for consideration during synthesis planning . While ... |
Regular engagement in social activities is an important component of successful aging . Having family and friends to spend time with helps people to find their social identity and purpose in life . Social activity starts with the family at home and goes beyond to schools, work, clubs, community, and faith - oriented gr... |
For almost six decades, the scientist practitioner (s p) model or accredited programmes in counselling psychology encompass training experience in the science of psychology, theoretical foundations and in the application of practice skills and research . Training focuses on personal and interpersonal functioning across... |
In patients with bladder outlet obstruction (boo) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) has long been considered a standard treatment regimen . In 1995, gilling first introduced holmium laser prostatectomy for the treatment of bph . Since then, holmium laser enucleati... |
You work in the neurological intensive care unit (icu) and you are managing a patient who suffered a subarachnoid bleed and, despite appropriate therapy, is left with significant neurological impairment . You have weaned the patient appropriately on the ventilator and you feel that they are strong enough to tolerate ex... |
The choledochal cyst can be defined as a congenital anomaly of the biliary system, characterized by cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic duct and the extrahepatic biliary tree individually, or cystic dilatation of both these parts simultaneously . It has been reported that the incidence of choledochal cyst in western ... |
A patient with decreased vision underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green (icg) angiography . The patient presented a nodule of the iris of the os and of the optic nerves of both eyes . Fluorescein and icg angiography are the only objective exams to demon... |
We suggest that bmp-9 has a regenerative role in the human liver . In favor of its establishment in diss s spaces and supported additionally by presence of bmp-9 s receptors on the surface of human hepatocytes, we have reason to believe that bmp-9 exerts the same effects on hepatocytes themselves . Our hypothesis is ad... |
Human noroviruses (novs) are a primary cause of viral gastroenteritis throughout the world (siebenga et al . 2009), and the principle cause of foodborne illness in europe (kroneman et al . 2008; phillips et al . 2010) and the united states (mead et al . 1999; scallan et al . 2011). The number of estimated cases in the ... |
Sjgren's syndrome (ss) is the second most common systemic autoimmune disease (after rheumatoid arthritis, ra), with a prevalence of about 0.5% in the general population . It occurs primarily in perimenopausal women (at a ratio of women to men of 9: 1) [1, 2]. Key features of the disease include infiltration of exocrine... |
Approximately 25% of patients with localized breast cancer and without axillary lymph node involvement will suffer from a systemic relapse despite successful treatment of the primary tumor . Hence, micrometastatic hematogenous spread appears to be independent from lymphatic involvement and the disease must have the abi... |
Hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid abnormalities are classified into three forms: primary, secondary, and tertiary . Parathyroid adenoma accounts for about 85% of all cases of hyperparathyroidism, considering all the forms: primary, secondary and tertiary . Other less prevalent causes include parathyroid hyperplasi... |
They are also known as " ambu ", which is the trademark of a resuscitator and the term used as a synonym for mr by professionals in brazil and other countries . Being used in icus in order optimize oxygenation and facilitate the removal of secretion in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, mrs are also used for ... |
His smoking history was 20 pack - years, and there was no specific past medical history . The patient s review of symptoms was normal except for hoarseness, and there were no abnormal findings on the physical examination, laboratory data, or chest radiography . No abnormal findings were detected on the vocal cords that... |
Its ease of use and patient tolerance has made it popular among gastroenterologists and patients alike . Currently, capsule endoscopy is most commonly used to evaluate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, but its indications are broadening . Various reports have described the capsule becoming impacted or retained in the ... |
Since the 1950s, the global health community has focused on eradication campaign to eliminate malaria and malaria related death all over the world . But it failed globally because of some problems including the lack of innovative research and leaderships, the resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides used to kill them, ... |
Depression has a high prevalence of symptoms related to social, physical, and neurophysiological factors.1 cognition is a function that is altered in depression and has received increasing interest.2 neurophysiological changes that occur in depressive states, such as prefrontal cortex and cingulate activation, are part... |
Beauty depends on size as well as symmetry symmetry is an important concept in biology, being related to health, mate selection strategies, and ultimately the survival of the species . While deviations from symmetry are critical perceptual units in detecting the appearance of health, the natural subtle asymmetry of the... |
Cranioplasty is a common, but formidable surgical procedure for neurosurgeons, in patients with scalp and/or calvarial defects . There is evidence of cranioplasty having been performed by several early cultures, including pre - columbian incans, using gold or silver plates, and by neolithic celts using bone rondelles. ... |
Traditionally, the assessment of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis relies on measurement of the base excess, which is the difference between the' ideal' buffer base (i.e. The sum of the negatively charged forms of weak acids, [a] + [hco3] + [h2po4], at standard conditions (ph 7.4, temperature 37c, partial carbon dioxide... |
Thermal injury to living tissue is known to begin at 42. lethal exposure times at this temperature range from 3 to 50 hours, depending on the tissue involved (26). At temperatures over 43, lethal exposure times decrease exponentially; at 46, 8 minutes' exposure is enough to cause cell death . At temperatures over 60, d... |
The best - characterized mutations of egfr conferring sensitivity to egfr - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tki) in non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) are deletions in exon 19 (del 19) and point mutations in exon 21 (l858r). Conversely, the most common mutation conferring resistance to egfr - tki is the exon 20 point mut... |
One of the most serious complications of chronic liver disease is hepatocellular carcinoma . Across the world, it is the 4th most common cancer (age standardised rate of 16 per 100,000) and the 3rd most common cause (age standardised rate of 14.6 per 100,000) of deaths from all cancers, accounting for 700,000 deaths pe... |
Striking differences between physics and biology have important implications for interdisciplinary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (stem) education . The research group in which i work, the center for nonlinear dynamics at the university of texas at austin, is converting into the physics department ho... |
Atherosclerosis is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of a multifactorial nature, characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls associated with the presence of atheromas (1 - 7). Atheromas are calcified plaques especially composed of lipids and fibrous tissue, which are deposited on the w... |
Additional information about laboratory methods, study participants, and statistical analysis can be found in the supplementary data . Hs - crp level was assessed in plasma from 750 patients: 540 with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of mody (220 hnf1a, 245 gck, 54 hnf4a, and 21 hnf1b), 53 patients with type 1 diabetes, a... |
Tissue homeostasis is characterized by the balance between proliferation and cell growth on one side and cell death on the other side . In response to stressful stimuli, however, in cancer cells activation of pathways that favor cell survival instead of cell death under stressful conditions may contribute to tumorigene... |
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (dhs), also known as drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress), is a severe drug reaction . The syndrome can also be caused by other drugs, such as allopurinol, sulfonamides, beta - lactam antimicrobials, antidepressants, and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs . Allopu... |
During the last decade much work has been done in the area of thyroid and pregnancy, and significant advances in the understanding of thyroid function modifications have been reached . A general agreement has developed in the potential relationship between different pregnancy pathologies, such as abortion, gestational ... |
Since the early 1970s, following the discovery that nutrient fertilizers could enhance the rates of oil biodegradation in marine environments (atlas and bartha, 1972; 1973; bartha and atlas, 1976), bioremediation has been a potential treatment for mitigating marine oil spills (atlas, 1977; 1995; swannell et al ., as di... |
5-lipoxygenase (5-lox; ec 1.13.11.34; encoded by the alox5 gene) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipid signaling molecules, that is, the inflammatory leukotrienes and the anti - inflammatory lipoxins [1, 2]. The 5-lox system is considered one of the key players in inflammation, an important pathway in the card... |
A 50-year - old man with multiple caf - au - lait spots on his body was transferred to the emergency department of kyungpook national university hospital after the sudden onset of severe dyspnea . We were aware that he had type 1 neurofibromatosis (nf-1) from a previous visit to our hospital 27 years previously, but he... |
All experimental neural responding procedures were approved by the seoul national university animal care and use committee, and all in vivo experimental procedures were performed according to the standards of the association for research in vision and ophthalmology . All neural recordings were made in cortical areas 17... |
The need for conservative spinal interventions is increasing, corresponding to the increasing number of spinal disorders . The literature describes multimodal therapy programs as successful therapy options in the treatment of acute and chronic low back pain (lbp).13 the multimodal outpatient program at the university o... |
Understanding of vitamin d role in optimal health has expanded greatly in the past few years . Grant indicated that increasing western europeans serum 25(oh)d levels to at least 100 nmol / l all year could significantly reduce rates and economic burdens of several types of diseases whereas the reduction in healthcare e... |
He was taking warfarin for deep vein thrombosis and had a hemoglobin level of 4.5 g / dl . He had undergone low anterior resection and partial bladder resection with adjuvant chemotherapy to treat sigmoid colon cancer 3 years earlier . The anemia and the prolongation of the prothrombin time were easily corrected; thus,... |
Matrix - assisted chondrocyte implantation (maci) is a commercially available third - generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (aci) technique for the treatment of articular cartilage defects . Established treatment algorithms generally agree on the use of microfracture or osteochondral autograft transfer (oat) a... |
Sry (sex determining region y)-box (sox) genes encode a group of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove of target dna elements and regulate transcriptional initiation of nearby promoters (1). Typically numbering in 20 in diverse vertebrate species, the members of this family can be further divided into sub... |
In order to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, many researchers have used different criteria to determine the anterior - posterior relationship of the jaws . Although molar relationship has been used in angel classification, it is clear that canine and molar relationship indicates the anterior - post... |
Docosahexaenoic acid (dha), a type of 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa), has attracted considerable attention due to its structural and physiological functions.1 dha is an essential compound in the cellular membrane of nervous tissues, such as brain and retina, and can improve development of these tissues . Moreover,... |
Noncommunicable diseases (ncds) are steadily rising, affecting both developing and developed countries . This is a consequence not only of population aging, but also of the nutrition transition towards westernized diets and sedentary lifestyles . The nutrition transition is fueled by socioeconomic and technological dev... |
While psychostimulants have acute effects on brain dopamine systems, there is also evidence from several lines of research for the involvement of the opioid system in psychostimulant dependence . For instance, positron emission tomography (pet) studies have revealed functionally important changes in the brain opioid sy... |
The fabp6 mice used in this study were produced in - house and have been backcrossed to the c57bl/6 background for 8 generations . The mice were housed in a controlled environment with a 12 h light / dark cycle and were given free access to water and standard diet (2020x teklad global rodent diet). Immature (2325 days ... |
The significance of low - level laser in clinical medicine began with the important works of endre mester . The basic science underlying low - level laser therapy (lllt) is that it involves the treatment of various medical diseases with photomedicine and the use of low - level lasers or light - emitting diodes to alter... |
The inflammatory and immune reactions induced by the bacterial plaque represent the main characteristics of periodontitis, and this disease represents a particularly cogent example of problem arising from the phenomenon . Studies have demonstrated that periodontal disease affects between 10% and 15% of the world's popu... |
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