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Inmetadata, the termdata elementis an atomic unit of data that has precise meaning or precise semantics. A data element has:
Data elements usage can be discovered by inspection ofsoftware applicationsor applicationdata filesthrough a process of manual or automatedApplication Discovery and Understanding. Once data elem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_element |
In themathematicalfield ofFourier analysis, theconjugate Fourier seriesarises by realizing the Fourier series formally as the boundary values of thereal partof aholomorphic functionon theunit disc. Theimaginary partof that function then defines the conjugate series.Zygmund (1968)studied the delicate questions of conve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_Fourier_series |
Intraditional logic, acontradictionoccurs when apropositionconflicts either with itself or establishedfact. It is often used as a tool to detectdisingenuousbeliefs andbias. Illustrating a general tendency in applied logic,Aristotle'slaw of noncontradictionstates that "It is impossible that the same thing can at the sam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradiction |
Inmathematics, aquotient categoryis acategoryobtained from another category by identifying sets ofmorphisms. Formally, it is aquotient objectin thecategory of (locally small) categories, analogous to aquotient grouporquotient space, but in the categorical setting.
LetCbe a category. Acongruence relationRonCis given by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_category |
"Talking past each other" is an English phrase describing the situation where two or more people talk about different subjects, while believing that they are talking about the same thing.[1]
David Horton writes that when characters in fiction talk past each other, the effect is to expose "an unbridgeable gulf between ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_past_each_other |
Astardateis a fictional system of time measurement developed for the television and film seriesStar Trek. In the series, use of this date system is commonly heard at the beginning of avoice-overlog entry, such as "Captain's log, stardate 41153.7. Our destination is planet Deneb IV …". While the original method was insp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardate |
Game Description Language(GDL) is a specializedlogicprogramming languagedesigned byMichael Genesereth. The goal of GDL is to allow the development of AI agents capable ofgeneral game playing. It is part of the General Game Playing Project atStanford University.
GDL is a tool for expressing the intricacies of game rule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Description_Language |
Harrison Colyar White(March 21, 1930 – May 18, 2024) was an American sociologist who was the Giddings Professor of Sociology atColumbia University. White played an influential role in the “Harvard Revolution” insocial networks[1]and theNew York School of relational sociology.[2]He is credited with the development of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_White |
Incryptography, abrute-force attackconsists of an attacker submitting manypasswordsorpassphraseswith the hope of eventually guessing correctly. The attacker systematically checks all possible passwords and passphrases until the correct one is found. Alternatively, the attacker can attempt to guess thekeywhich is typic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack |
Amobile operating systemis anoperating systemused forsmartphones,tablets,smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptoppersonalmobile computing devices. While computers such aslaptopsare "mobile", the operating systems used on them are usually not considered mobile, as they were originally designed fordesktop computer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system |
Scientific consensusis the generally held judgment, position, and opinion of themajorityor thesupermajorityofscientistsin aparticular fieldof study at any particular time.[1][2]
Consensus is achieved throughscholarly communicationatconferences, thepublicationprocess, replication ofreproducibleresults by others, schola... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus |
In the field ofmultivariate statistics,kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA)[1]is an extension ofprincipal component analysis(PCA) using techniques ofkernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in areproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Recall that conventional PCA opera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_PCA |
This is a list of topics aroundBoolean algebraandpropositional logic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boolean_algebra_topics |
So help me Godis a phrase often used to give anoath, sometimes optionally as part of anoath of office. It is used in some jurisdictions as an oath for performing a public duty, such as an appearance in court. The phrase implies greater care than usual in the truthfulness of one's testimony or in the performance of one'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_help_me_God |
Inmathematical analysis, adomainorregionis anon-empty,connected, andopen setin atopological space. In particular, it is any non-empty connected opensubsetof thereal coordinate spaceRnor thecomplex coordinate spaceCn. A connected open subset ofcoordinate spaceis frequently used for thedomain of a function.[1]
The basic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(mathematical_analysis) |
Online transaction processing(OLTP) is a type ofdatabasesystem used in transaction-oriented applications, such as many operational systems. "Online" refers to the fact that such systems are expected to respond to user requests and process them in real-time (process transactions). The term is contrasted withonline analy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_transaction_processing |
Standard formis a way of expressingnumbersthat are too large or too small to be conveniently written indecimal form, since to do so would require writing out an inconveniently long string of digits. It may be referred to asscientific formorstandard index form, orScientific notationin the United States. Thisbase tennota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_notation |
Inquantum computing, aquantum algorithmis analgorithmthat runs on a realistic model ofquantum computation, the most commonly used model being thequantum circuitmodel of computation.[1][2]A classical (or non-quantum) algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, or a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_algorithm |
In computer terminology, ahoneypotis acomputer securitymechanism set to detect, deflect, or, in some manner, counteract attempts at unauthorized use ofinformation systems. Generally, a honeypot consists ofdata(for example, in a network site) that appears to be a legitimate part of the site which contains information or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_(computing) |
Instatistical modeling,regression analysisis a set of statistical processes forestimatingthe relationships between adependent variable(often called theoutcomeorresponsevariable, or alabelin machine learning parlance) and one or more error-freeindependent variables(often calledregressors,predictors,covariates,explanator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis |
Thecute cat theory of digital activismis atheoryconcerningInternet activism,Web censorship, and "cute cats" (a term used for any low-value, but popular online activity) developed byEthan Zuckermanin 2008.[1][2]It posits that most people are not interested in activism; instead, they want to use thewebfor mundane activit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cute_cat_theory_of_digital_activism |
The followingoutlineis provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography:
Cryptography(orcryptology) – practice and study of hidinginformation. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines ofmathematics,computer science, andengineering. Applications of cryptography includeATM cards,computer passwords, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topics_in_cryptography |
Reliability engineeringis a sub-discipline ofsystems engineeringthat emphasizes the ability of equipment to function without failure. Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of time, OR will operate in a defined en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_theory |
Media intelligenceusesdata mininganddata scienceto analyze public,socialand editorialmedia content. It refers to marketing systems that synthesize billions ofonline conversationsinto relevant information. This allow organizations to measure and manage content performance, understand trends, and drive communications and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_intelligence |
InWestern art history,mise en abyme(French pronunciation:[mizɑ̃n‿abim]; alsomise en abîme) is the technique of placing a copy of an image within itself, often in a way that suggests an infinitely recurring sequence. Infilm theoryandliterary theory, it refers to thestory within a storytechnique.
The term is derived fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_en_abyme |
Apolymorphic engine(sometimes calledmutation engineormutating engine) is asoftware componentthat usespolymorphic codeto alter thepayloadwhile preserving the same functionality.
Polymorphicenginesare used almost exclusively inmalware, with the purpose of being harder forantivirus softwareto detect. They do so either by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphic_engine |
Probabilistic designis a discipline withinengineering design. It deals primarily with the consideration and minimization of the effects ofrandom variabilityupon the performance of anengineering systemduring the design phase. Typically, these effects studied and optimized are related to quality and reliability. It diffe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_design |
Incomputer science,instruction schedulingis acompiler optimizationused to improveinstruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines withinstruction pipelines. Put more simply, it tries to do the following without changing the meaning of the code:
The pipeline stalls can be caused by structural hazar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superblock_scheduling |
Pruningis adata compressiontechnique inmachine learningandsearch algorithmsthat reduces the size ofdecision treesby removing sections of the tree that are non-critical and redundant to classify instances. Pruning reduces the complexity of the finalclassifier, and hence improves predictive accuracy by the reduction ofov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning_(algorithm) |
Inlinear algebra, thesingular value decomposition(SVD) is afactorizationof arealorcomplexmatrixinto a rotation, followed by a rescaling followed by another rotation. It generalizes theeigendecompositionof a squarenormal matrixwith an orthonormal eigenbasis to anym×n{\displaystyle m\times n}matrix. It is related to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_value_decomposition |
Plain languageis writing designed to ensure the reader understands as quickly, easily, and completely as possible.[1]Plain language strives to be easy to read, understand, and use.[2]It avoidsverbose, convoluted language andjargon. In many countries, laws mandate that public agencies use plain language to increase acce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_language |
Kuṭṭakais analgorithmfor findingintegersolutions oflinearDiophantine equations. A linear Diophantine equation is anequationof the formax+by=cwherexandyareunknown quantitiesanda,b, andcare known quantities with integer values. The algorithm was originally invented by the Indian astronomer-mathematicianĀryabhaṭa(476–550 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADaka |
Acceptoften refers to:
Acceptcan also refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accept_(disambiguation) |
Defense in depthis a concept used ininformation securityin which multiple layers of security controls (defense) are placed throughout aninformation technology(IT) system. Its intent is to provideredundancyin the event asecurity controlfails or a vulnerability is exploited that can cover aspects ofpersonnel,procedural,t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_depth_(computing) |
Connected healthis a socio-technical model for healthcare management and delivery[1]by using technology to provide healthcare services remotely. Connected health, also known as technology enabled care (TEC) aims to maximize healthcare resources and provide increased, flexible opportunities for consumers to engage with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected_Health |
Afalse awakeningis a vivid and convincingdreamaboutawakeningfromsleep, while the dreamer in reality continues to sleep. After a false awakening, subjects often dream they are performing their daily morning routine such as showering or eating breakfast. False awakenings, mainly those in which one dreams that they have a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_awakening |
Dynamic program analysisis the act ofanalyzing softwarethat involves executing aprogram– as opposed tostatic program analysis, which does not execute it.
Analysis can focus on different aspects of the software including but not limited to:behavior,test coverage,performanceandsecurity.
To be effective, the target prog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_program_analysis |
DEVS, abbreviatingDiscrete Event System Specification, is a modular and hierarchical formalism for modeling and analyzing general systems that can be discrete event systems which might be described bystate transition tables, and continuous state systems which might be described bydifferential equations, and hybrid cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEVS |
Acrash-only softwareis acomputer programthat handle failures by simply restarting, without attempting any sophisticated recovery.[1]Correctly written components of crash-only software canmicrorebootto a known-good state without the help of a user. Since failure-handling and normal startup use the same methods, this ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash-only_software |
TrackRwas a commercialkey finderthat assisted in the tracking of lost belongings and devices.[1]Trackr was produced by the company Phone Halo[2]and was inspired by the founders' losing their keys on a beach during a surfing trip.[3]
The founders ofPhone Halobegan working on TrackR in 2009. In 2010, they founded the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrackR |
Inmathematics,subderivatives(orsubgradient) generalizes thederivativeto convex functions which are not necessarilydifferentiable. The set of subderivatives at a point is called thesubdifferentialat that point.[1]Subderivatives arise inconvex analysis, the study ofconvex functions, often in connection toconvex optimizat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subderivative |
Incomputer programming,explicit parallelismis the representation of concurrent computations using primitives in the form of operators, function calls or special-purpose directives.[1]Most parallel primitives are related to process synchronization, communication and process partitioning.[2]As they seldom contribute to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_parallelism |
Social software, also known associal appsorsocial platformincludes communications and interactive tools that are often based on theInternet. Communication tools typically handle capturing, storing and presenting communication, usually written but increasingly including audio and video as well. Interactive tools handle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_software |
Thedashis apunctuationmark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to thehyphenbut is longer and sometimes higher from thebaseline. The most common versions are theendash–, generally longer than the hyphen but shorter than theminus sign; theemdash—, longer than either the en dash or the minus ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_dash |
Incomputer security,heap sprayingis a technique used inexploitsto facilitatearbitrary code execution. The part of thesource codeof an exploit that implements this technique is called aheap spray.[1]In general, code thatsprays the heapattempts to put a certain sequence of bytes at a predetermined location in thememoryof... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_spraying |
Anauthentication protocolis a type of computercommunications protocolorcryptographic protocolspecifically designed for transfer ofauthenticationdata between two entities. It allows the receiving entity to authenticate the connecting entity (e.g. Client connecting to a Server) as well as authenticate itself to the conne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_protocol |
Ablackboard systemis anartificial intelligenceapproach based on theblackboard architectural model,[1][2][3][4]where a commonknowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution. Each knowledge sourc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard_system |
Consensus decision-makingis agroup decision-makingprocess in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad acceptance.Consensusis reached when everyone in the groupassentsto a decision (or almost everyone; seestand aside) even if some do not fully agree to or support all aspects... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_decision-making |
Inmathematics,Puiseux seriesare a generalization ofpower seriesthat allow for negative and fractional exponents of theindeterminate. For example, the series
is a Puiseux series in the indeterminatex. Puiseux series were first introduced byIsaac Newtonin 1676[1]and rediscovered byVictor Puiseuxin 1850.[2]
The definit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puiseux_series |
Roko's basiliskis athought experimentwhich states there could be an otherwise benevolent artificialsuperintelligence(AI) in the future that would punish anyone who knew of its potential existence but did not directly contribute to its advancement or development, in order to incentivize said advancement.[1][2]It origina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko%27s_basilisk |
Journalology(also known aspublication science) is the scholarly study of all aspects of theacademic publishingprocess.[1][2]The field seeks to improve the quality of scholarly research by implementingevidence-based practicesin academic publishing.[3]The term "journalology" was coined byStephen Lock, the formereditor-in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalology |
Magnetic logicisdigital logicmade using the non-linear properties of woundferrite cores.[1]Magnetic logic represents 0 and 1 by magnetising cores clockwise or anticlockwise.[2]
Examples of magnetic logic includecore memory. Also, AND, OR, NOT and clocked shift logic gates can be constructed using appropriate windings,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_logic |
AIX(pronounced/ˌeɪ.aɪ.ˈɛks/ay-eye-EKS[5]) is a series ofproprietaryUnixoperating systemsdeveloped and sold byIBMsince 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work withPower ISAbasedserverandworkstationcomputers such as IBM'sPowerline.
Originally released for theIBM ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX |
Computer security(alsocybersecurity,digital security, orinformation technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field ofinformation security. It consists of the protection ofcomputer software,systemsandnetworksfromthreatsthat can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, theft or damage tohardware,softwa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber_self-defense |
Phrase structure rulesare a type ofrewrite ruleused to describe a given language'ssyntaxand are closely associated with the early stages oftransformational grammar, proposed byNoam Chomskyin 1957.[1]They are used to break down a naturallanguagesentence into its constituent parts, also known assyntactic categories, incl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules |
Inprogrammingandsoftware development,fuzzingorfuzz testingis an automatedsoftware testingtechnique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, orrandom dataas inputs to acomputer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such ascrashes, failing built-in codeassertions, or potentialmemory leaks. Typically, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing |
Rigetti Computing, Inc.is aBerkeley, California-based developer of Superconducting quantumintegrated circuitsused forquantum computers. Rigetti also develops a cloud platform called Forest that enables programmers to write quantum algorithms.[2]
Rigetti Computing was founded in 2013 byChad Rigetti, a physicist with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigetti_Computing |
Incombinatorialmathematics, alarge setofpositive integers
is one such that theinfinite sumof the reciprocals
diverges. Asmall setis any subset of the positive integers that is not large; that is, one whose sum of reciprocals converges.
Large sets appear in theMüntz–Szász theoremand in theErdős conjecture on arithme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_set_(combinatorics) |
1800s:Martineau·Tocqueville·Marx·Spencer·Le Bon·Ward·Pareto·Tönnies·Veblen·Simmel·Durkheim·Addams·Mead·Weber·Du Bois·Mannheim·Elias
Asocial networkis asocial structureconsisting of a set ofsocialactors (such asindividualsor organizations), networks ofdyadicties, and othersocial interactionsbetween actors. The social n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking |
Classified informationis confidential material that a government deems to besensitive informationwhich must be protected from unauthorized disclosure that requires special handling and dissemination controls. Access is restricted bylawor regulation to particular groups of individuals with the necessarysecurity clearanc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified_information#Canada |
Radio-frequency identification(RFID) useselectromagnetic fieldsto automaticallyidentifyandtracktags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radiotranspondercalled a tag, aradio receiver, and atransmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification |
Incomputer security, athreatis a potential negative action or event enabled by avulnerabilitythat results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application.
A threat can be either a negative "intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threat_(computer) |
Bio-inspired computing, short forbiologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates toconnectionism,social behavior, andemergence. Withincomputer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologically_inspired_computing |
Inmathematics, aself-avoiding walk(SAW) is asequenceof moves on alattice(alattice path) that does not visit the same point more than once. This is a special case of thegraph theoreticalnotion of apath. Aself-avoiding polygon(SAP) is a closed self-avoiding walk on a lattice. Very little is known rigorously about the sel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-avoiding_walk |
Mathematical puzzlesmake up an integral part ofrecreational mathematics. They have specific rules, but they do not usually involve competition between two or more players. Instead, to solve such apuzzle, the solver must find a solution that satisfies the given conditions. Mathematical puzzles require mathematics to sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_puzzle |
Asystem on a chip(SoC) is anintegrated circuitthat combines most or all key components of acomputerorelectronic systemonto a single microchip.[1]Typically, an SoC includes acentral processing unit(CPU) withmemory,input/output, anddata storagecontrol functions, along with optional features like agraphics processing unit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessor_system_on_a_chip |
Abiordered set(otherwise known asboset) is amathematical objectthat occurs in the description of thestructureof the set ofidempotentsin asemigroup.
The set of idempotents in a semigroup is a biordered set and every biordered set is the set of idempotents of some semigroup.[1][2]A regular biordered set is a biordered s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biordered_set |
Sustainable managementtakes the concepts from sustainability and synthesizes them with the concepts ofmanagement.Sustainabilityhas three branches: theenvironment, the needs of present andfuture generations, and theeconomy. Using these branches, it creates the ability of a system to thrive by maintaining economic viabi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_management |
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churchesde jure:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
Semi-Autonomous:
In theEastern Orthodox Church,Catholic Church,[1]and in the teachings of theChurch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_(religion) |
Azapis a form of politicaldirect actionthat came into use in the 1970s in the United States. Popularized by the earlygay liberationgroupGay Activists Alliance, a zap was a raucous public demonstration designed to embarrass a public figure or celebrity while calling the attention of both gays and straights to issues of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap_(action) |
Inmathematical analysis,asymptotic analysis, also known asasymptotics, is a method of describinglimitingbehavior.
As an illustration, suppose that we are interested in the properties of a functionf(n)asnbecomes very large. Iff(n) =n2+ 3n, then asnbecomes very large, the term3nbecomes insignificant compared ton2. The f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_analysis |
Thepartition functionorconfiguration integral, as used inprobability theory,information theoryanddynamical systems, is a generalization of the definition of apartition function in statistical mechanics. It is a special case of anormalizing constantin probability theory, for theBoltzmann distribution. The partition func... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_function_(mathematics) |
Inprobabilityandstatistics, amixture distributionis theprobability distributionof arandom variablethat is derived from a collection of other random variables as follows: first, a random variable is selected by chance from the collection according to given probabilities of selection, and then the value of the selected r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixture_distribution |
Subitizingis the rapid, accurate, and effortless ability to perceive small quantities of items in aset, typically when there are four or fewer items, without relying on linguistic or arithmetic processes. The term refers to the sensation of instantly knowing how many objects are in the visual scene when their number fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subitizing_and_counting |
Inprogramming language theory,semanticsis the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning ofprogramming languages.[1]Semantics assignscomputationalmeaning to validstringsin aprogramming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, thesemantics of mathematical proofs.
Semanticsdescribes the pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_semantics_of_programming_languages |
Anillegal opcode, also called anunimplemented operation,[1]unintended opcode[2]orundocumented instruction, is aninstructionto aCPUthat is not mentioned in any official documentation released by the CPU's designer or manufacturer, which nevertheless has an effect. Illegal opcodes were common on older CPUs designed durin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_instructions |
ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English(STE) is acontrolled natural languagedesigned to simplify and clarify technical documentation. It was originally developed during the 1980's by the European Association of Aerospace Industries (AECMA), at the request of the European Airline industry, who wanted a standardized form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Technical_English |
Thenull coalescing operatoris abinary operatorthat is part of the syntax for a basicconditional expressionin severalprogramming languages, such as (in alphabetical order):C#[1]since version 2.0,[2]Dart[3]since version 1.12.0,[4]PHPsince version 7.0.0,[5]Perlsince version 5.10 aslogical defined-or,[6]PowerShellsince 7.0... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator |
Dependency grammar(DG) is a class of moderngrammaticaltheories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to theconstituency relationofphrase structure) and that can be traced back primarily to the work ofLucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar |
Indigital electronics, aNAND(NOT AND)gateis alogic gatewhich produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output iscomplementto that of anAND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1); if any input is LOW (0), a HIGH (1) output results. A NAND gate is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAND_gate |
TheBlue Brain Projectwas a Swiss brain research initiative that aimed to create adigital reconstructionof the mouse brain. The project was founded in May 2005 by the Brain Mind Institute ofÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) in Switzerland. The project ended in December 2024. Its mission was to use biologica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project |
Innatural language processing, asentence embeddingis a representation of a sentence as avectorof numbers which encodes meaningful semantic information.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
State of the art embeddings are based on the learned hidden layer representation of dedicated sentence transformer models.BERTpioneered an approac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_embedding |
Li-Fi(also written asLiFi) is awireless communicationtechnology which utilizes light to transmit data and position between devices. The term was first introduced byHarald Haasduring a 2011TEDGlobaltalk inEdinburgh.[1]
Li-Fi is a light communication system that is capable of transmittingdataat high speeds over thevisib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi |
This is a list ofnotableapplications(apps) that run on theAndroid platformwhich meet guidelines forfree softwareandopen-source software.
There are a number of third-party maintained lists of open-source Android applications, including: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications |
Advanced planning and scheduling(APS, also known asadvanced manufacturing) refers to amanufacturing management processby whichraw materialsand production capacity are optimally allocated to meet demand.[1]APS is especially well-suited to environments where simpler planning methods cannot adequately address complex trad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_planning_and_scheduling |
Instochastic processes,chaos theoryandtime series analysis,detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA) is a method for determining the statisticalself-affinityof a signal. It is useful for analysingtime seriesthat appear to belong-memoryprocesses (divergingcorrelation time, e.g. power-law decayingautocorrelation function) or1/... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detrended_fluctuation_analysis |
Many countries around the world maintainmarinesandnaval infantrymilitary units. Even if only a few nations have the capabilities to launch major amphibious assault operations, most marines and naval infantry forces are able to carry out limitedamphibious landings, riverine andcoastal warfaretasks. The list includes als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_marines_and_similar_forces |
Āryabhata's sine tableis a set of twenty-four numbers given in the astronomical treatiseĀryabhatiyacomposed by the fifth centuryIndian mathematicianand astronomerĀryabhata(476–550 CE), for the computation of thehalf-chordsof a certain set of arcs of a circle. The set of numbers appears in verse 12 in Chapter 1Dasagit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata%27s_sine_table |
Incomputer science,locality-sensitive hashing(LSH) is afuzzy hashingtechnique that hashes similar input items into the same "buckets" with high probability.[1](The number of buckets is much smaller than the universe of possible input items.)[1]Since similar items end up in the same buckets, this technique can be used f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locality-sensitive_hashing |
Educational psychologyis the branch ofpsychologyconcerned with the scientific study of humanlearning. The study of learning processes, from bothcognitiveandbehavioralperspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences inintelligence,cognitivedevelopment,affect,motivation, self-regulation, and self-con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_psychology |
Incombinatorics, theinclusion–exclusion principleis a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in theunionof twofinite sets; symbolically expressed as
whereAandBare two finite sets and |S| indicates thecardinalityof a setS(which may be considered as the number of ele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%E2%80%93exclusion_principle |
Derivative-free optimization(sometimes referred to asblackbox optimization) is a discipline inmathematical optimizationthat does not usederivativeinformation in the classical sense to find optimal solutions: Sometimes information about the derivative of the objective functionfis unavailable, unreliable or impractical t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative-free_optimization |
This is a list of notableprogramming languages, grouped by type.
The groupings are overlapping; not mutually exclusive. A language can be listed in multiple groupings.
Agent-oriented programming allows the developer to build, extend and usesoftware agents, which are abstractions of objects that can message other agen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type#Numerical_analysis |
Anevil maid attackis an attack on an unattended device, in which an attacker with physical access alters it in some undetectable way so that they can later access the device, or the data on it.
The name refers to the scenario where amaidcould subvert a device left unattended in a hotel room – but the concept itself al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack |
Rouché's theorem, named afterEugène Rouché, states that for any twocomplex-valuedfunctionsfandgholomorphicinside some regionK{\displaystyle K}with closed contour∂K{\displaystyle \partial K}, if|g(z)| < |f(z)|on∂K{\displaystyle \partial K}, thenfandf+ghave the same number of zeros insideK{\displaystyle K}, where each ze... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouch%C3%A9%27s_theorem |
Abeaconis an intentionally conspicuous device designed to attract attention to aspecific location. A common example is thelighthouse, which draws attention to a fixed point that can be used to navigate around obstacles or into port. More modern examples include a variety ofradio beaconsthat can be read onradio directio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacons |
Dependency hellis acolloquial termfor the frustration of some software users who have installedsoftware packageswhich havedependencieson specificversionsof other software packages.[1]
The dependency issue arises when several packages have dependencies on the samesharedpackages or libraries, but they depend on differen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell |
Stratisis auser-spaceconfigurationdaemonthat configures and monitors existing components fromLinux's underlying storage components oflogical volume management(LVM) andXFSfilesystem viaD-Bus.
Stratis is not a user-levelfilesystemlike theFilesystem in Userspace(FUSE) system. Stratis configuration daemon was originally d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratis_(configuration_daemon) |
Simicsis afull-system simulatoror virtual platform used to run unchanged production binaries of the target hardware. Simics was originally developed by theSwedish Institute of Computer Science(SICS), and then spun off toVirtutechfor commercial development in 1998. Virtutech was acquired byIntelin 2010. Currently, Simic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simics |
FreeOTPis afree and open-sourceauthenticatorbyRedHat. It implementsmulti-factor authenticationusingHOTPandTOTP.Tokenscan be added by scanning aQR codeor by manually entering the token configuration. It is licensed under theApache 2.0 license, and supportsAndroidandiOS.[4][5][6]
This mobile software article is astub. Y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeOTP |
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