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BCH code
s _ { c + d - 2 } \ } } of syndromes hold, than t i = α k 1 s i − s i + 1 = α k 1 j = 0 n − 1 e j α i j − j = 0 n − 1 e j α j α i j = j = 0 n − 1 e j ( α k 1 − α j ) α i j. { \ displaystyle t _ { i } = \ alpha ^ { k _ { 1 } } s _ { i } - s _ { i + 1 } = \ alpha ^ { k _ { 1 } } \ sum _ { j = 0 } ^ { n - 1 } e ... | BCH code | wikipedia | 3,665 |
Shell (structure)
rainer gaefe ( ed. ). vladimir g. suchov 1853 - 1939 ; die kunst der sparsamen konstruktion ( 1st ed. ). stuttgart : deutsche verlags - anstalt. isbn 9783421029843. = = external links = = thin - shell structures double thin - shells structures hypar & concrete shells past and future of grid shell str... | Shell (structure) | wikipedia | 625 |
MaxCliqueDyn algorithm
##iquedyn ( r γ ( p ), c ', level + 1 ) ; else if | q | > | qmax | then qmax : = q ; q : = q \ { p } ; else return end while value tlimit can be determined by experimenting on random graphs. in the original article it was determined that algorithm works best for tlimit = 0. 025. = = references =... | MaxCliqueDyn algorithm | wikipedia | 2,006 |
High-dimensional quantum key distribution
high - dimensional quantum key distribution ( hdqkd ) is a technology for secure communication between two parties. it allows for higher information efficiency than traditional binary quantum key distribution ( qkd ) protocols, which are limited to 1 bit / photon. hdqkd also e... | High-dimensional quantum key distribution | wikipedia | 1,196 |
Appell's equation of motion
in classical mechanics, appell's equation of motion ( aka the gibbs – appell equation of motion ) is an alternative general formulation of classical mechanics described by josiah willard gibbs in 1879 and paul emile appell in 1900. = = statement = = the gibbs - appell equation reads q r = ∂... | Appell's equation of motion | wikipedia | 2,341 |
Routhian mechanics
= − ∂ r ∂ ζ, { \ displaystyle { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial \ zeta } } = - { \ frac { \ partial r } { \ partial \ zeta } } \,, \ quad { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial { \ dot { \ zeta } } } } = - { \ frac { \ partial r } { \ partial { \ dot { \ zeta } } } } \,, } and taking the total time... | Routhian mechanics | wikipedia | 1,999 |
Quantum field theory
{ 1 } { 2 } } \ hbar \ omega. } one can easily check that [ h ^, a ^ † ] = ω a ^ †, { \ displaystyle [ { \ hat { h } }, { \ hat { a } } ^ { \ dagger } ] = \ hbar \ omega { \ hat { a } } ^ { \ dagger }, } which implies that a ^ † { \ displaystyle { \ hat { a } } ^ { \ dagger } } increases the energ... | Quantum field theory | wikipedia | 762 |
Tensor calculus
four - dimensional spacetime, δ ρ ρ = δ 0 0 + δ 1 1 + δ 2 2 + δ 3 3 = 4. { \ displaystyle \ delta _ { \ rho } ^ { \ rho } = \ delta _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } + \ delta _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } + \ delta _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } + \ delta _ { 3 } ^ { 3 } = 4. } the kronecker delta is one of the family of generalized kronecker delt... | Tensor calculus | wikipedia | 2,389 |
T7 DNA helicase
t7 dna helicase ( gp4 ) is a hexameric motor protein encoded by t7 phages that uses energy from dttp hydrolysis to process unidirectionally along single stranded dna, separating ( helicase ) the two strands as it progresses. it is also a primase, making short stretches of rna that initiates dna synthes... | T7 DNA helicase | wikipedia | 1,604 |
Energy poverty and cooking
} : cs1 maint : location missing publisher ( link ) roy, j. ; tschakert, p. ; waisman, h. ; abdul halim, s. ; et al. ( 2018 ). " chapter 5 : sustainable development, poverty eradication and reducing inequalities " ( pdf ). special report : global warming of 1. 5 °c. pp. 445 – 538. | Energy poverty and cooking | wikipedia | 917 |
Electronic engineering
. digital communication systems : pulse - code modulation ( pcm ), differential pulse - code modulation ( dpcm ), delta modulation ( dm ), digital modulation – amplitude, phase - and frequency - shift keying schemes ( ask, psk, fsk ), matched - filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and proba... | Electronic engineering | wikipedia | 3,007 |
Evolution of cells
nucleated cells have been suggested. other biologists dispute this conception and emphasize the community metabolism theme, the idea that early living communities would comprise many different entities to extant cells, and would have shared their genetic material more extensively than current microb... | Evolution of cells | wikipedia | 1,781 |
Language Computer Corporation
language computer corporation ( lcc ) is a natural language processing research company based in richardson, texas. the company develops a variety of natural language processing products, including software for question answering, information extraction, and automatic summarization. since... | Language Computer Corporation | wikipedia | 1,266 |
Hamiltonian mechanics
} } } } \ right | _ { p'_ { i } } \ \ & = - \ left. { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial { x _ { i } } } } \ right | _ { p'_ { i } } - q \ left. { \ frac { \ partial } { \ partial { x _ { i } } } } \ right | _ { p'_ { i } } { \ frac { df } { dt } } \ \ & = - { \ frac { d } { dt } } \ left ( \ lef... | Hamiltonian mechanics | wikipedia | 2,124 |
Data reporting
data reporting is the process of collecting and submitting data. the effective management of any organization relies on accurate data. inaccurate data reporting can lead to poor decision - making based on erroneous evidence. data reporting is different from data analysis which transforms data and inform... | Data reporting | wikipedia | 3,248 |
Compound (linguistics)
also a source of compounds. quite a few russian words are borrowed from other languages in an already - compounded form, including numerous " classical compounds " or internationalisms : автомобиль'automobile '. = = = sanskrit language = = = sanskrit is very rich in compound formation with seven... | Compound (linguistics) | wikipedia | 3,199 |
Likelihood function
the likelihood ratio. in frequentist inference, the likelihood ratio is the basis for a test statistic, the so - called likelihood - ratio test. by the neyman – pearson lemma, this is the most powerful test for comparing two simple hypotheses at a given significance level. numerous other tests can ... | Likelihood function | wikipedia | 2,600 |
Degenerate energy levels
\ psi } since this is an ordinary differential equation, there are two independent eigenfunctions for a given energy e { \ displaystyle e } at most, so that the degree of degeneracy never exceeds two. it can be proven that in one dimension, there are no degenerate bound states for normalizable... | Degenerate energy levels | wikipedia | 514 |
Trans-Spliced Exon Coupled RNA End Determination
of promoter usage ". proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 100 ( 26 ) : 15776 – 81. bibcode : 2003pnas.. 10015776s. doi : 10. 1073 / pnas. 2136655100. pmc 307644. pmid 14663149. zorio da, cheng nn, blumenthal t, spieth j ( november 1994 ). " operons as a common form of chromo... | Trans-Spliced Exon Coupled RNA End Determination | wikipedia | 2,843 |
Fuzzy differential equation
= 0 1 a i j x i. { \ displaystyle x'_ { n } ( t ) = \ sum _ { i = 0 } ^ { 1 } a _ { ij } x _ { i }. } = = fuzzy partial differential equations = = a fuzzy differential equation with partial differential operator is ∇ x ( t ) = f ( t, x ( t ), α ), { \ displaystyle \ nabla x ( t ) = f ( t, x... | Fuzzy differential equation | wikipedia | 592 |
Process function
in thermodynamics, a quantity that is well defined so as to describe the path of a process through the equilibrium state space of a thermodynamic system is termed a process function, or, alternatively, a process quantity, or a path function. as an example, mechanical work and heat are process function... | Process function | wikipedia | 1,789 |
Post-mortem chemistry
can also be analyzed for dna evidence. = = = gastric contents = = = the stomach contents can also be analyzed. this can help with the post - mortem interval identification by looking at the stage of digestion. the contents can also be analyzed for drugs or poisons to help determine a cause of dea... | Post-mortem chemistry | wikipedia | 1,248 |
Glossary of calculus
\ displaystyle f ( x ) + c } a valid antiderivative ). the constant of integration is sometimes omitted in lists of integrals for simplicity. continuous function is a function for which sufficiently small changes in the input result in arbitrarily small changes in the output. otherwise, a function... | Glossary of calculus | wikipedia | 3,730 |
State-transition equation
− 1 [ b u ( s ) + e w ( s ) ] } = φ ( t ) x ( 0 ) + 0 t φ ( t − τ ) [ b u ( τ ) + e w ( τ ) ] d t { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } x ( t ) & = { \ mathcal { l } } ^ { - 1 } { \ bigl \ { } ( s \ mathbf { i } - \ mathbf { a } ) ^ { - 1 } { \ bigr \ } } \ mathbf { x } ( 0 ) + { \ mathcal {... | State-transition equation | wikipedia | 3,638 |
Bond graph
source of effort for the system. the wheel can be presented by an impedance on the system. further, the torque and angular velocity symbols are dropped and replaced with the generalized symbols for effort and flow. while not necessary in the example, it is common to number the bonds, to keep track of in equ... | Bond graph | wikipedia | 876 |
Signal
22 ). when interpreting signs, the literal meaning should first be sought, and then the figurative meaning ( ddc 3. 10. 14 - 3. 23. 33 ). augustine suggests the hermeneutical principle that the obscure scriptural verse is interpreted with the help of plain and simple verses, which formed the doctrine of " scrip... | Signal | wikipedia | 3,933 |
Radial basis function network
} s _ { t } ( \ mathbf { w } ) } and h t ( w ) = d e f k t ( w ) + λ s t ( w ) { \ displaystyle h _ { t } ( \ mathbf { w } ) \ { \ stackrel { \ mathrm { def } } { = } } \ k _ { t } ( \ mathbf { w } ) + \ lambda s _ { t } ( \ mathbf { w } ) } where optimization of s maximizes smoothness an... | Radial basis function network | wikipedia | 885 |
Quantum Byzantine agreement
text { for all secrets properly shared } } \ mod n } this requires private information channels so we replace the random secrets by the superposition | ⟩ = 1 n a = 0 n − 1 | a ⟩ { \ displaystyle | \ phi \ rangle = { \ tfrac { 1 } { \ sqrt { n } } } \ sum \ nolimits _ { a = 0 } ^ { n - 1 } |... | Quantum Byzantine agreement | wikipedia | 1,690 |
Free energy principle
applied the free energy principle to propose a computational model for template matching in covert selective visual attention that mostly relies on saim. according to this study, the total free energy of the whole state - space is reached by inserting top - down signals in the original neural net... | Free energy principle | wikipedia | 3,431 |
Breit equation
the breit equation, or dirac – coulomb – breit equation, is a relativistic wave equation derived by gregory breit in 1929 based on the dirac equation, which formally describes two or more massive spin - 1 / 2 particles ( electrons, for example ) interacting electromagnetically to the first order in pert... | Breit equation | wikipedia | 2,574 |
Green's function
{ s } \ mathbf { a } \ cdot d { \ hat { \ boldsymbol { \ sigma } } } \,. } let a = φ ∇ ψ − ψ ∇ φ { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { a } = \ varphi \, \ nabla \ psi - \ psi \, \ nabla \ varphi } and substitute into gauss'law. compute ∇ ⋅ a { \ displaystyle \ nabla \ cdot \ mathbf { a } } and apply the product... | Green's function | wikipedia | 2,988 |
Daisy chain (electrical engineering)
and often both can be used for chaining. the thru port transmits the information through with minimal delay and no alteration, while the out port sends a completely regenerated signal and may add, remove, or change messages, at the cost of some delay in doing so. the difference can... | Daisy chain (electrical engineering) | wikipedia | 2,254 |
SMC protein
##g & riken international symposium 2024 ） “ smc complexes : orchestrating diverse genome functions ”, october 15 - 18, 2024, numazu, shizuoka, japan. = = see also = = cohesin condensin cornelia de lange syndrome = = references = = | SMC protein | wikipedia | 2,291 |
Gloss (optics)
2 π λ δ r = 4 π δ h cos i λ { \ displaystyle \ delta \ phi = { \ frac { 2 \ pi } { \ lambda } } \ delta r = { \ frac { 4 \ pi \ delta h \ cos i } { \ lambda } } \ ; } if δ { \ displaystyle \ delta \ phi \ ; } is small, the two beams ( see figure 1 ) are nearly in phase, resulting in constructive interfe... | Gloss (optics) | wikipedia | 660 |
RadExPro seismic software
radexpro is a windows - based seismic processing software system produced by radexpro seismic software llc based in georgia. it is suitable for in - field qc ( both online and offline ) and processing of 3d and 2d marine and on - land seismic data, advanced processing of hr / uhr offshore sei... | RadExPro seismic software | wikipedia | 1,293 |
Largest-scale trends in evolution
##0 - 6 korotayev, andrey ( 2004 ). world religions and social evolution of the old world oikumene civilizations : a cross - cultural perspective ( first ed. ). lewiston, new york : edwin mellen press. isbn 0 - 7734 - 6310 - 0. ( on the applicability of this notion to the study of soc... | Largest-scale trends in evolution | wikipedia | 3,510 |
Evolution@Home
evolution @ home was a volunteer computing project for evolutionary biology, launched in 2001. the aim of evolution @ home is to improve understanding of evolutionary processes. this is achieved by simulating individual - based models. the simulator005 module of evolution @ home was designed to better p... | Evolution@Home | wikipedia | 1,397 |
Algebra of physical space
\ tau } } = e \ langle fu \ rangle _ { r } \,. } = = = electromagnetic lagrangian = = = the electromagnetic lagrangian is l = 1 2 ⟨ f f ⟩ s − ⟨ a j ⟩ s, { \ displaystyle l = { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ langle ff \ rangle _ { s } - \ langle a { \ bar { j } } \ rangle _ { s } \,, } which is a real... | Algebra of physical space | wikipedia | 2,923 |
Groundwater flow equation
( kb \ nabla h ) + n. } ( confined ), where s = ssb is the aquifer storativity and s y ∂ h ∂ t = ∇ ⋅ ( k h ∇ h ) + n. { \ displaystyle s _ { y } { \ frac { \ partial h } { \ partial t } } = \ nabla \ cdot ( kh \ nabla h ) + n. } ( unconfined ), where sy is the specific yield of the aquifer. n... | Groundwater flow equation | wikipedia | 510 |
Quantum limit
not to perturb the mirror too much, should be equal to δ x b. a. { \ displaystyle \ delta x _ { \ mathrm { b. a. } } } yielding for both δ x m i n = 2 m { \ displaystyle \ delta x _ { \ mathrm { min } } = { \ sqrt { \ frac { \ hbar \ vartheta } { 2m } } } }. thus the minimal displacement measurement erro... | Quantum limit | wikipedia | 3,825 |
Lesk algorithm
lesk algorithm is a classical algorithm for word sense disambiguation introduced by michael e. lesk in 1986. it operates on the premise that words within a given context are likely to share a common meaning. this algorithm compares the dictionary definitions of an ambiguous word with the words in its su... | Lesk algorithm | wikipedia | 122 |
Kismet (robot)
( e. g. soothing / neutral vs. prohibition / attention / approval ) and then doing more detailed classification. this architecture significantly improved performance for hard - to - distinguish classes, like approval ( " you're a clever robot " ) versus attention ( " hey kismet, over here " ). = = = mot... | Kismet (robot) | wikipedia | 996 |
Printed circuit board
pdf ). v6. archived ( pdf ) from the original on march 8, 2022. retrieved may 9, 2022. colotti, james ( 2022 ). " analog, rf and emc considerations in printed wiring board ( pwb ) design " ( pdf ). revision 5. ieee, long island section. archived ( pdf ) from the original on may 8, 2022. retrieved... | Printed circuit board | wikipedia | 3,461 |
Xulvi-Brunet–Sokolov algorithm
such that one link connects the highest connected node with the node with the lowest degree and the other link connects the two remaining nodes randomly with probability 1 − ρ. similarly, if the new links already existed, the previous step is repeated. this algorithm does not change the ... | Xulvi-Brunet–Sokolov algorithm | wikipedia | 2,747 |
K factor (traffic engineering)
traffic. k30 helps maintain a healthy volume to capacity ratio. k50 and k100 will sometimes be seen. k50 and k100 will not use the 30th highest hourly traffic volumes but the 50th or 100th highest hourly traffic volume when calculating the k factor. = = references = = | K factor (traffic engineering) | wikipedia | 623 |
Gene therapy
24 weeks. it has been also reported its use as an eyedrop for a patient with deb that had vision loss due to the widespread blistering with good results. in june 2023, the fda gave an accelerated approval to elevidys for duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) only for boys 4 to 5 years old as they are more l... | Gene therapy | wikipedia | 2,200 |
Locally recoverable code
{ 1 } }, a 7 = 11 a 1 { \ displaystyle a _ { 7 } = 11a _ { 1 } }, and a 8 = 15 a 1 { \ displaystyle a _ { 8 } = 15a _ { 1 } } : a 1 5 = { 1 } { \ displaystyle a _ { 1 } ^ { 5 } = \ { 1 \ } }, a 2 5 = { 32 } { \ displaystyle a _ { 2 } ^ { 5 } = \ { 32 \ } }, a 3 5 = { 38 } { \ displaystyle a _ ... | Locally recoverable code | wikipedia | 1,464 |
Nanocrystal solar cell
materials are being researched as well. = = other third generation solar cells = = photoelectrochemical cell polymer solar cell perovskite solar cell = = see also = = nanocrystalline silicon nanoparticle = = references = = = = external links = = science news online, quantum - dots leap : tapping... | Nanocrystal solar cell | wikipedia | 2,240 |
Data classification (business intelligence)
in business intelligence, data classification is " the construction of some kind of a method for making judgments for a continuing sequence of cases, where each new case must be assigned to one of pre - defined classes. " data classification has close ties to data clustering... | Data classification (business intelligence) | wikipedia | 453 |
Discrete calculus
f ) ( a + n h ) = f ( a + n h ) − f ( a ) { \ displaystyle \ left ( \ sum \ delta f \ right ) \! ( a + nh ) = f ( a + nh ) - f ( a ) } fundamental theorem of calculus ii : δ ( g ) = g { \ displaystyle \ delta \! \ left ( \ sum g \ right ) = g } the definitions are applied to graphs as follows. if a f... | Discrete calculus | wikipedia | 3,877 |
Bayesian probability
needed for bayesian practice, particularly in science. the quest for " the universal method for constructing priors " continues to attract statistical theorists. thus, the bayesian statistician needs either to use informed priors ( using relevant expertise or previous data ) or to choose among the... | Bayesian probability | wikipedia | 3,381 |
Clone (cell biology)
, they lose vitality and expire. this process is referred to as clonal aging. experiments by smith - sonneborn, holmes and holmes and gilley and blackburn showed that accumulation of dna damage is the likely cause of clonal aging in p. tetraurelia. this aging process has similarities to the aging ... | Clone (cell biology) | wikipedia | 2,373 |
BCH code
\ lambda ( x ) { \ bmod { x ^ { d - 1 } } }. } thanks to v d − 1 { \ displaystyle v \ leqslant d - 1 } we have ω ( x ) = − λ 0 j = 1 v e j α c i j ℓ ∈ { 1,, v } { j } ( α i ℓ x − 1 ). { \ displaystyle \ omega ( x ) = - \ lambda _ { 0 } \ sum _ { j = 1 } ^ { v } e _ { j } \ alpha ^ { ci _ { j } } \ prod _ { \ ... | BCH code | wikipedia | 792 |
Linear algebra
linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as a 1 x 1 + + a n x n = b, { \ displaystyle a _ { 1 } x _ { 1 } + \ cdots + a _ { n } x _ { n } = b, } linear maps such as ( x 1, …, x n ) ↦ a 1 x 1 + + a n x n, { \ displaystyle ( x _ { 1 }, \ ldots, x _ { n } ) \ mapsto a _ ... | Linear algebra | wikipedia | 2,041 |
Neurometric function
in neuroscience, a neurometric function is a mathematical formula relating the activity of brain cells to aspects of an animal's sensory experience or motor behavior. neurometric functions provide a quantitative summary of the neural code of a particular brain region. in sensory neuroscience, neur... | Neurometric function | wikipedia | 454 |
Calculus on Euclidean space
zero if for each > 0 { \ displaystyle \ epsilon > 0 }, there are some possibly infinitely many rectangles d 1, d 2, …, { \ displaystyle d _ { 1 }, d _ { 2 }, \ dots, } whose union contains the set and i vol ( d i ) <. { \ displaystyle \ sum _ { i } \ operatorname { vol } ( d _ { i } ) < \ e... | Calculus on Euclidean space | wikipedia | 2,194 |
Kernel (linear algebra)
{ bmatrix } }. } here, a1,..., am denote the rows of the matrix a. it follows that x is in the kernel of a, if and only if x is orthogonal ( or perpendicular ) to each of the row vectors of a ( since orthogonality is defined as having a dot product of 0 ). the row space, or coimage, of a matrix... | Kernel (linear algebra) | wikipedia | 2,293 |
General regression neural network
generalized regression neural network ( grnn ) is a variation to radial basis neural networks. grnn was suggested by d. f. specht in 1991. grnn can be used for regression, prediction, and classification. grnn can also be a good solution for online dynamical systems. grnn represents an... | General regression neural network | wikipedia | 2,503 |
Steady state (chemistry)
} } ], } so that [ c ] = [ a ] 0 ( 1 − e − k 1 t ). { \ displaystyle [ { \ ce { c } } ] = [ { \ ce { a } } ] _ { 0 } \ left ( 1 - e ^ { - k _ { 1 } t } \ right ). } since [ b ] = k 1 k 2 [ a ] = k 1 k 2 [ a ] 0 e − k 1 t, { \ displaystyle [ { \ ce { b } } ] = { \ tfrac { k _ { 1 } } { k _ { 2 ... | Steady state (chemistry) | wikipedia | 3,614 |
Codenominator function
- 1 / j ( x ) }. these four functional equations in fact characterize jimm. additionally, jimm satisfies reversion invariance j ( [ n 0, n 1, …, n k ] ) = [ m 0, m 1, …, m l ] j ( [ n k, …, n 1, n 0 ] ) = [ m l, …, m 1, m 0 ] { \ displaystyle j ( [ n _ { 0 }, n _ { 1 }, \ dots, n _ { k } ] ) = [... | Codenominator function | wikipedia | 3,740 |
Constructible function
steps. = = = fully time - constructable = = = there is also a notion of a fully time - constructible function. a function f { \ displaystyle f } is called fully time - constructible if there exists a turing machine m { \ displaystyle m }, such that for all but finitely many n { \ displaystyle n ... | Constructible function | wikipedia | 2,768 |
Decomposable aggregation function
} ) { \ bigr ) } / { \ bigl ( } \ operatorname { count } ( x ) + \ operatorname { count } ( y ) { \ bigr ) } - { \ bigl ( } ( \ operatorname { sum } ( x ) + \ operatorname { sum } ( y ) ) / ( \ operatorname { count } ( x ) + \ operatorname { count } ( y ) ) { \ bigr ) } ^ { 2 } } } } ... | Decomposable aggregation function | wikipedia | 3,850 |
Hydrogen-like atom
r n l ( r ) y ℓ m ( θ, ) { \ displaystyle \ psi ( r, \ theta, \ phi ) = r _ { nl } ( r ) y _ { \ ell m } ( \ theta, \ phi ) } ( in spherical coordinates ), where y ℓ m { \ displaystyle y _ { \ ell m } } are spherical harmonics, we arrive at the following schrodinger equation : − 2 2 μ [ 1 r 2 ∂ ∂ r ... | Hydrogen-like atom | wikipedia | 2,631 |
Component analysis (statistics)
london. 224p. isbn 978 - 2 - 7535 - 0938 - 2 pages jerome ( 2014 ). multiple factor analysis by example using r. chapman & hall / crc the r series london 272 p = = external links = = university of copenhagen video by rasmus bro on youtube stanford university video by andrew ng on youtub... | Component analysis (statistics) | wikipedia | 377 |
Positive-real function
left half s - plane. to accommodate such functions in the definition of pr, it is therefore necessary to relax the condition that the function be real for all real s, and only require this when s is positive. thus, a possibly irrational function z ( s ) is pr if and only if z ( s ) is analytic i... | Positive-real function | wikipedia | 4,008 |
Maximal function
maximal functions appear in many forms in harmonic analysis ( an area of mathematics ). one of the most important of these is the hardy – littlewood maximal function. they play an important role in understanding, for example, the differentiability properties of functions, singular integrals and partia... | Maximal function | wikipedia | 2,992 |
Partial-wave analysis
partial - wave analysis, in the context of quantum mechanics, refers to a technique for solving scattering problems by decomposing each wave into its constituent angular - momentum components and solving using boundary conditions. partial wave analysis is typically useful for low energy scatterin... | Partial-wave analysis | wikipedia | 2,690 |
Common Electrical I/O
spi and sfi documents. this abstraction laid the groundwork for the highly successful cei family of interoperability agreements and was incorporated in the original release of cei 1. 0 a generation later. = = generations of oif electrical interfaces = = two earlier generations in this development... | Common Electrical I/O | wikipedia | 385 |
Threshold energy
m _ { b } + m _ { c } ) ^ { 2 } - ( m _ { 1 } ^ { 2 } + m _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } ) } { 2m _ { 2 } } } c ^ { 2 } } = = references = = http : / / galileo. phys. virginia. edu / classes / 252 / particle _ creation. html | Threshold energy | wikipedia | 3,434 |
Micro-mechanics of failure
here σ { \ displaystyle \ sigma }, σ { \ displaystyle { \ bar { \ sigma } } }, and t { \ displaystyle t } are column vectors with 6, 6, and 3 components, respectively. subscripts serve as indications of constituents, i. e. f { \ displaystyle { \ mathrm { f } } } for fiber, m { \ displaystyle... | Micro-mechanics of failure | wikipedia | 1,429 |
Chandrasekhar potential energy tensor
d x ′ ρ ( x ′ ) | x − x ′ | = v ρ x i ∂ φ ∂ x j d x { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } w _ { ij } & = - { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ int _ { v } \ rho \ phi _ { ij } d \ mathbf { x } \ \ & = - { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } g \ int _ { v } \ int _ { v } \ rho ( \ mathbf { x } ) \ rho ( \ ... | Chandrasekhar potential energy tensor | wikipedia | 367 |
Stock correlation network
dij } is calculated using the cross correlation matrix. d i j { \ displaystyle dij } = ( 2 ( 1 − c i j ) ) 0. 5 { \ displaystyle ( 2 ( 1 - cij ) ) ^ { 0. 5 } } where d i j { \ displaystyle dij } is the edge distance between stock i { \ displaystyle i } and stock j { \ displaystyle j }. the mi... | Stock correlation network | wikipedia | 3,998 |
Zassenhaus algorithm
\ displaystyle ( d _ { p, 1 }, \ ldots, d _ { p, m } ) } for every p ∈ { 1, …, ℓ } { \ displaystyle p \ in \ { 1, \ ldots, \ ell \ } } are nonzero. then ( y 1, …, y q ) { \ displaystyle ( y _ { 1 }, \ ldots, y _ { q } ) } with y i : = j = 1 m c i, j b j { \ displaystyle y _ { i } : = \ sum _ { j =... | Zassenhaus algorithm | wikipedia | 3,071 |
Poisson's equation
r ′ | d 3 r ′, { \ displaystyle \ varphi ( \ mathbf { r } ) = - \ iiint { \ frac { f ( \ mathbf { r }') } { 4 \ pi | \ mathbf { r } - \ mathbf { r }'| } } \, \ mathrm { d } ^ { 3 } r ', } where the integral is over all of space. a general exposition of the green's function for poisson's equation is ... | Poisson's equation | wikipedia | 3,429 |
Relativistic wave equations
yang – mills – higgs equations : describes a non - abelian gauge field coupled with a massive spin - 0 particle = = = spin 2 = = = einstein field equations : describe interaction of matter with the gravitational field ( massless spin - 2 field ) : r μ ν − 1 2 g μ ν r + g μ ν λ = 8 π g c 4 t... | Relativistic wave equations | wikipedia | 451 |
List of equations in wave theory
this article summarizes equations in the theory of waves. = = definitions = = = = = general fundamental quantities = = = a wave can be longitudinal where the oscillations are parallel ( or antiparallel ) to the propagation direction, or transverse where the oscillations are perpendicul... | List of equations in wave theory | wikipedia | 3,370 |
Calculus on Euclidean space
differential 1 - form ω { \ displaystyle \ omega } can be written uniquely as ω = f 1 d x 1 + + f n d x n { \ displaystyle \ omega = f _ { 1 } \, dx _ { 1 } + \ cdots + f _ { n } \, dx _ { n } } for some smooth functions f 1, …, f n { \ displaystyle f _ { 1 }, \ dots, f _ { n } } on m { \ d... | Calculus on Euclidean space | wikipedia | 1,107 |
Emergent evolution
book succeeds in drawing attention to an under appreciated aspect of the evolutionary process ". others have criticized reid's unorthodox views on emergence and evolution. = = see also = = the eclipse of darwinism emergentism is a corresponding belief in emergence. evolutionary biology orthogenesis ... | Emergent evolution | wikipedia | 3,172 |
Linear transformation in rotating electrical machines
be done. = = restrictions = = there are some restrictions in representing a rotating electrical machine by its d - q axes equivalent, as listed below : this method cannot be used on machine in which both stator and rotor are salient, for example induction alternato... | Linear transformation in rotating electrical machines | wikipedia | 2,838 |
Information oriented software development
information oriented software development is a software development methodology focused on working with information inside a computer program as opposed to working with just data. a significant difference exists between data and information. information oriented software devel... | Information oriented software development | wikipedia | 2,910 |
Reynolds equation
frac { \ partial h } { \ partial y } } + h { \ frac { \ partial \ rho } { \ partial t } } } where : p { \ displaystyle p } is fluid film pressure. x { \ displaystyle x } and y { \ displaystyle y } are the bearing width and length coordinates. z { \ displaystyle z } is fluid film thickness coordinate.... | Reynolds equation | wikipedia | 3,324 |
Quark (hash function)
quark is a cryptographic hash function ( family ). it was designed by jean - philippe aumasson, luca henzen, willi meier and maria naya - plasencia. quark was created because of the expressed need by application designers ( notably for implementing rfid protocols ) for a lightweight cryptographic... | Quark (hash function) | wikipedia | 2,304 |
N-slit interferometric equation
classical fraunhofer approach is used for far - field applications. that division is not necessary when using the dd interferometric approach as this formalism applies to both the near and the far - field cases. the fraunhofer approach works for plane - wave illumination. the dd approac... | N-slit interferometric equation | wikipedia | 3,982 |
Deadlock (computer science)
. ; el abbadi, amr. " distributed deadlock detection ". encyclopedia of distributed computing. archived from the original on 2 november 2015. retrieved 29 december 2004. knapp, edgar ( 1987 ). " deadlock detection in distributed databases ". acm computing surveys. 19 ( 4 ) : 303 – 328. cite... | Deadlock (computer science) | wikipedia | 1,818 |
Residual neural network
. = = = = backward propagation = = = = the residual learning formulation provides the added benefit of mitigating the vanishing gradient problem to some extent. however, it is crucial to acknowledge that the vanishing gradient issue is not the root cause of the degradation problem, which is tac... | Residual neural network | wikipedia | 1,220 |
Ancient protein
= useful tools = = = = = public depositories for raw data = = = pride - proteomics identification database massive - mass spectrometry interactive virtual environment = = = reference databases = = = uniprot ncbi, national center for biotechnology information = = = database search = = = maxquant mascot ... | Ancient protein | wikipedia | 512 |
List of calculus topics
matrix hessian matrix curvature green's theorem divergence theorem stokes'theorem vector calculus = = series = = infinite series maclaurin series, taylor series fourier series euler – maclaurin formula = = history = = adequality infinitesimal archimedes'use of infinitesimals gottfried leibniz i... | List of calculus topics | wikipedia | 3,814 |
Epigenetic code
the epigenetic code is hypothesised to be a defining code in every eukaryotic cell consisting of the specific epigenetic modification in each cell. it consists of histone modifications defined by the histone code and additional epigenetic modifications such as dna methylation. the base for the epigenet... | Epigenetic code | wikipedia | 2,691 |
Trematode mitochondrial code
, tyrosine ( tyr, y ), valine ( val, v ) = = differences from the standard code = = = = systematic range and comments = = trematoda = = see also = = list of genetic codes = = references = = this article incorporates text from the united states national library of medicine, which is in the ... | Trematode mitochondrial code | wikipedia | 951 |
Geometric calculus
e 1, …, e n } { \ displaystyle \ { e _ { 1 }, \ ldots, e _ { n } \ } } be a set of basis vectors that span an n { \ displaystyle n } - dimensional vector space. from geometric algebra, we interpret the pseudoscalar e 1 ∧ e 2 ∧ ∧ e n { \ displaystyle e _ { 1 } \ wedge e _ { 2 } \ wedge \ cdots \ wedg... | Geometric calculus | wikipedia | 2,242 |
Stufe (algebra)
= 1 = 1 ^ { 2 } }, so s ( f ) = 1 { \ displaystyle s ( f ) = 1 }. if p > 2 { \ displaystyle p > 2 } consider the set s = { x 2 : x ∈ f p } { \ displaystyle s = \ { x ^ { 2 } : x \ in \ mathbb { f } _ { p } \ } } of squares. s { 0 } { \ displaystyle s \ setminus \ { 0 \ } } is a subgroup of index 2 { \ ... | Stufe (algebra) | wikipedia | 1,586 |
Quantum capacity
only the typical errors. that is, consider defining the typical set of errors as follows : t δ p n ≡ { a n : | − 1 n log 2 ( pr { e a n } ) − h ( p ) | ≤ δ }, { \ displaystyle t _ { \ delta } ^ { \ mathbf { p } ^ { n } } \ equiv \ left \ { a ^ { n } : \ left \ vert - { \ frac { 1 } { n } } \ log _ { 2... | Quantum capacity | wikipedia | 1,359 |
Equation of state
is known today as charles's law. later, in 1802, joseph louis gay - lussac published results of similar experiments, indicating a linear relationship between volume and temperature : v 1 t 1 = v 2 t 2. { \ displaystyle { \ frac { v _ { 1 } } { t _ { 1 } } } = { \ frac { v _ { 2 } } { t _ { 2 } } }. }... | Equation of state | wikipedia | 429 |
Sustainable energy
feasible by ensuring a just transition for workers and regions that depend on the fossil fuel industry, to ensure they have alternative economic opportunities. = = finance = = raising enough money for innovation and investment is a prerequisite for the energy transition. the ipcc estimates that to l... | Sustainable energy | wikipedia | 1,044 |
Microscale chemistry
palakkad, kerala united kingdom bob worley, cleapss, chis lloyd sserc = = conferences = = 1st international symposium on microscale chemistry may 2000 at universidad iberoamericana – ciudad de mexico 2nd international symposium on microscale chemistry 13. – 15. december 2001 at hong kong baptist u... | Microscale chemistry | wikipedia | 3,376 |
Quantum evolution
have an essential part or none. it surely is not involved in all cases of quantum evolution, but there is a strong possibility that it is often involved. if or when it is involved, it is an initiating mechanism. drift can only rarely, and only for lower categories, have completed the transition to a ... | Quantum evolution | wikipedia | 1,489 |
Rigid body mechanics
a single generalized coordinate q. such a system of rigid bodies is said to have one degree of freedom. the virtual work of the forces and torques, fi and ti, applied to this one degree of freedom system is given by δ w = i = 1 n ( f i ⋅ ∂ v i ∂ q + t i ⋅ ∂ ω i ∂ q ) δ q = q δ q, { \ displaystyle ... | Rigid body mechanics | wikipedia | 683 |
List of equations in wave theory
##ser ( 1987 ). concepts of modern physics ( 4th ed. ). mcgraw - hill ( international ). isbn 0 - 07 - 100144 - 1. h. d. young ; r. a. freedman ( 2008 ). university physics – with modern physics ( 12th ed. ). addison - wesley ( pearson international ). isbn 978 - 0 - 321 - 50130 - 1. | List of equations in wave theory | wikipedia | 2,495 |
Conflict-free replicated data type
##js crdt for collaborative editing. redis is a distributed, highly available, and scalable in - memory database with a " crdt - enabled database " feature. soundcloud open - sourced roshi, a lww - element - set crdt for the soundcloud stream implemented on top of redis. riak is a di... | Conflict-free replicated data type | wikipedia | 1,960 |
Mechanical aptitude
will also highlight the applicants who still have some " catching up " to do. = = = stenquist test of mechanical aptitude = = = the stenquist test consist of a series of problems presented in the form of pictures, where each respondent would try to determine which picture assimilates better with an... | Mechanical aptitude | wikipedia | 1,244 |
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